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AnyChart is a JavaScript library for cross-platform data visualization in the form of interactive charts and dashboards. It was initially available as a Flash chart component and integrated as such by Oracle in APEX. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnyChart |
AnyChart was first developed in 2003 as a Flash chart component to visualize XML data.In 2007, Oracle licensed AnyChart to implement Flash charting in Oracle Application Express (APEX) used by 100,000 developers monthly as of March 2007.With the APEX 4.2 release in 2012, AnyChart 6 was introduced with the support of HT... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnyChart |
AnyChart is free for non-profit use and requires a paid license for use in commercial software. Its source code is open on GitHub since release 7.13.0. The library's graphics rendering engine is available under the free BSD license; it was tweaked from AnyChart and open-sourced as a separate JavaScript API under the na... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnyChart |
AnyChart has industry awards. In 2016, ProgrammableWeb named it one of the most interesting big data and analytics APIs, and the CIOReview magazine included it in the top 20 data visualization tools.In 2018, AnyChart won a DEVIES award at DeveloperWeek in California for the Best Innovation in JavaScript Technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnyChart |
Preventive and social medicine is a branch of medicine dealing with providing health services in areas of prevention, promotion and treatment of rehabilitative diseases. Studies in preventive and social medicine are helpful in providing guided care, medicine in environmental health, offering scholarly services, policy ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preventive_and_social_medicine |
Preventive and social medicine primarily deal with providing a complete health service in the field of rehabilitation, curative, preventive and promotion in the field of health sector. Preventive and social medicine has been designed at the community level unlike other fields of medicines that are concerned with indivi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preventive_and_social_medicine |
The practice of preventive and social medicine involves managing and assessing surroundings. Their main responsibilities include: Offer specialized services for people's health in defined populations. Help prevent disease through protection and maintenance of health. Assist in preventing disability and premature death.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preventive_and_social_medicine |
A person can pursue education in preventive and social medicine after completion of 12th standard in science stream and completion of MBBS. They should have completed MD or a diploma course with specialisation in this field. It is also recommended to have undergone training for practical exposure with community organis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preventive_and_social_medicine |
Persian-Sassanide art patterns have similarities with the art of the Bulgars, Khazars, and Saka-Scythians, and have recurred in Asia. They predominantly feature motifs of fighting animals. Gold was frequently used as a base for their art creations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian-Sassanid_art_patterns |
The characteristic patterns of Persian-Sassanide art exhibit similarities to the art of the Bulgars, Khazars, and Saka-Scythian, and have recurred at different locations in the Central Asia region. A "griffin fighting an elk" motif from the Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós, found in 1799 in what is today Romania, bears simi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian-Sassanid_art_patterns |
The early history of the Nomads is not well recorded, which changed after their contact with cultures possessing written history. Nomadic people of the vast steppes of Asia were a major force in history. Their power was not in the empires they built, but rather the turmoil they created among ancient civilizations such ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian-Sassanid_art_patterns |
It is believed that the nomads ranged widely, forever moving on for sake of richer grazing for their horses and sheep. Migrations were often seasonal. Their skill at extracting gold was unprecedented. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian-Sassanid_art_patterns |
In summer, during the tribe's seasonal migration, a fleece would be weighted on a riverbed to collect particles of alluvial gold. Upon the tribes' return, the fleece would be sheared, burned, and a gold ingot the size of a horse's hoof would result. The tay tayak (the horse's hoof) was a unit of gold for a long period,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian-Sassanid_art_patterns |
Nancy Qian (born in Shanghai, China) is a Chinese American economist and currently serves as the James J. O'Connor Professor in the Kellogg School of Management Managerial Economics and Decision Sciences and a Professor by Courtesy at the Department of Economics at Northwestern University. Her research interests includ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Qian |
Born in Shanghai, Nancy Qian pursued her higher education in the United States, earning a B.A. at the University of Texas at Austin in 2001 and a Ph.D. in economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2005, where she was advised by Esther Duflo, Abhijit Banerjee and Joshua Angrist. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Qian |
After her graduation, she first worked as an assistant professor at Brown University (2005–09) and then at Yale University (2009–13), where she was promoted to associate professor (2013–16), and was a Harvard Academy scholar (2007–09). Since 2017 she has been the James J. O'Connor Professor of Managerial Economics and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Qian |
Qian's research uses rigorous empirical analysis to address big-picture questions in development economics, political economy, and economic history. A common theme in her research is to use institutional details, policy shocks, large demographic and historical data to understand the detailed processes of long-run econo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Qian |
In particular, she finds that China's post-1978 economic opening caused the price for tea in China to increase as a consequence of greatly increased external demand, which in turn tended to increase the income of women in tea-producing regions; this, in turn, had a substantial positive impact on survival rates for girl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Qian |
food aid is largely driven by U.S. objectives and can lead to more conflict in recipient countries. A well-cited finding using historical data (together with Nathan Nunn) is that the introduction of the potato within the Columbian exchange may have been responsible for at least a quarter of the population and urbanisat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Qian |
A paper with Nathan Nunn and Sandra Sequeira shows that historical immigration to the United States increased productivity and innovation. Another paper shows that workers in low-income countries accumulate less skills on the job than workers in rich countries and this contributes to cross-country income differences.Ad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Qian |
She is the co-organizer of the China NBER Workshop and an expert for VOX China. Her findings have been published in journals such as the American Economic Review, the Journal of Political Economy and the Review of Economic Studies, and featured in media outlets such as the New York Times, NPR and the Wall Street Journa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Qian |
She is married to economist, Mikhail Golosov, of the University of Chicago. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Qian |
Russell Sage Foundation Award (with Nathan Nunn and Sandra Sequeira) (2014) Kiel Institute Excellence Award in Global Economic Affairs (2013) Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship (2012–15) National Science Foundation Grant (2009–11) Harvard University Academy Scholar (2007-2009) National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship (2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Qian |
Smart Growth America (SGA) is a US non-profit 501(c)(3) organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. Smart Growth America focuses on three specific priorities: Climate change and resilience, advancing racial equity, and creating healthy communities. SGA covers interrelated areas, including housing, zoning, planning, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Growth_America |
Smart Growth America was established in 2000. In 2002, SGA included over 70 groups, such as American Farmland Trust, the Natural Resources Defense Council, the League of Women Voters for Smart Growth, the National Low Income Housing Coalition, and the Enterprise Foundation. In 2003, Parris Glendening became the preside... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Growth_America |
In 2004, SGA commissioned the first survey examining neighborhood preferences among Americans, finding that almost 50% of households prefer transit accessibility and commercial proximity.In a 2005 report detailing the interconnection between inner ring suburbs and metropolitan growth, SGA defines smart growth as follow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Growth_America |
In 2008, SGA launched LOCUS, an alliance for promoting sustainable urban development in the United States. LOCUS is a national network of real estate developers who launched the Rebuild America's Neighborhoods Campaign, promoting investment towards equitable and green urban development projects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Growth_America |
In 2008, SGA, Reconnecting America, and the Surface Transportation Policy Partnership started a Transportation for America campaign aiming to reform the federal transportation law. Transportation for America advocates for a transportation system that emphasizes maintenance, implements safety designs, and unites the pub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Growth_America |
In 2012, Smart Growth America the National Complete Streets Coalition, which advocates for safe and convenient transportation access. The coalition is composed of policy organizations, including the American Planning Association, and user groups, including America Bikes. By 2011, 125 jurisdictions across 38 states had ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Growth_America |
SGA co-operates, alongside the University of Wisconsin, the State Smart Transportation Initiative (SSTI). SSTI encourages environmentally sustainable transportation fostering economic development, while maintaining governmental transparency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Growth_America |
Form-Based Code Institute (FBCI) strives to improve the general understanding of form-based codes through creating standards, offering educational programs, and fostering discussions. In a 2016 report about new urbanism in North Texas, FBCI advocated for the importance of form based codes in regulating physical develop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Growth_America |
Partners include national, state and local groups, working on behalf of the environment, historic preservation, social equity, land conservation, neighborhood redevelopment, farmland protection, and labor. Member groups include the statewide "1000 Friends" organizations, Futurewise, GrowSmart Maine, New Jersey Future, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Growth_America |
Smart Growth America's Form 990 shows that their donations rose from $4,826,301 in 2014 to $6,337,043 in 2017. SGA's Form 990 shows that their compensation related expenses rose from $3,619,183 in 2014 to $4,028,232 in 2017. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Growth_America |
Dichotic listening is a psychological test commonly used to investigate selective attention and the lateralization of brain function within the auditory system. It is used within the fields of cognitive psychology and neuroscience. In a standard dichotic listening test, a participant is presented with two different aud... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
Donald Broadbent is credited with being the first scientist to systematically use dichotic listening tests in his work. In the 1950s, Broadbent employed dichotic listening tests in his studies of attention, asking participants to focus attention on either a left- or right-ear sequence of digits. He suggested that due t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
From that study, and others studies using neurological patients with brain lesions, she concluded that there is a predominance of the left hemisphere for speech perception, and a predominance of the right hemisphere for melodic perception.In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Donald Shankweiler and Michael Studdert-Kenned... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
He interpreted this result as indicating right-hemisphere dominance for pitch discrimination. During the early 1970s, Tim Rand demonstrated dichotic perception at Haskins Laboratories. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
In his study, the first stimuli: formant (F1), was presented to one ear while the second and third stimuli:(F2) and (F3) formants, were presented to the opposite ear. F2 and F3 varied in low and high intensity. Ultimately, in comparison to the binaural condition, "peripheral masking is avoided when speech is heard dich... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
This demonstration was originally known as "the Rand effect" but was later renamed "dichotic release from masking". The name for this demonstration continued to evolve and was finally named "dichotic perception" or "dichotic listening." Around the same time, Jim Cutting (1976), an investigator at Haskins Laboratories, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
The "dichotic fused words test" (DFWT) is a modified version of the basic dichotic listening test. It was originally explored by Johnson et al. (1977) but in the early 80's Wexler and Hawles (1983) modified this original test to ascertain more accurate data pertaining to hemispheric specialization of language function.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
The significant difference in this test is "the stimuli are constructed and aligned in such a way that partial interaural fusion occurs: subjects generally experience and report only one stimulus per trial." According to Zatorre (1989), some major advantages of this method include "minimizing attentional factors, since... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
An emotional version of the dichotic listening task was developed. In this version individuals listen to the same word in each ear but they hear it in either a surprised, happy, sad, angry, or neutral tone. Participants are then asked to press a button indicating what tone they heard. Usually dichotic listening tests s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
Right-ear/left-hemisphere advantage is expected, because of evidence from Broca's area and Wernicke's area, which are both located in the left hemisphere. In contrast, the left ear (and therefore the right hemisphere) is often better at processing nonlinguistic material. The data from the emotional dichotic listening t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
The manipulation of voice onset time (VOT) during dichotic listening tests has given many insights regarding brain function. To date, the most common design is the utilisation of four VOT conditions: short-long pairs (SL), where a Consonant-Vowel (CV) syllable with a short VOT is presented to the left ear and a CV syll... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
Dichotic listening tests can also be used as lateralized speech assessment task. Neuropsychologists have used this test to explore the role of singular neuroanatomical structures in speech perception and language asymmetry. For example, Hugdahl et al. (2003), investigated dichotic listening performance and frontal lobe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
As expected, the right lesioned patients showed a right ear advantage like the healthy control group but the left hemisphere lesioned patients displayed impairment when compared to both the right lesioned patients and control group. From this study, researchers concluded "dichotic listening as into a neuronal circuitry... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
Dichotic listening can also be used to test the hemispheric asymmetry of language processing. In the early 60s, Doreen Kimura reported that dichotic verbal stimuli (specifically spoken numerals) presented to a participant produced a right ear advantage (REA). She attributed the right-ear advantage "to the localization ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
It is important to note that REA doesn't apply to non-speech sounds. In "Hemispheric Specialization for Speech Perception," by Studdert-Kennedy and Shankweiler (1970) examine dichotic listening of CVC syllable pairs. The six stop consonants (b, d, g, p, t, k) are paired with the six vowels and a variation in the initia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
REA is the strongest when the sound of the initial and final consonants differ and it is the weakest when solely the vowel is changed. Asbjornsen and Bryden (1996) state that "many researchers have chosen to use CV syllable pairs, usually consisting of the six stop consonants paired with the vowel \a\. Over the years, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
In selective attention experiments, the participants may be asked to repeat aloud the content of the message they are listening to. This task is known as shadowing. As Colin Cherry (1953) found, people do not recall the shadowed message well, suggesting that most of the processing necessary to shadow the attended to me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
Participants are generally able to report almost nothing about the content of the unattended message. In fact, a change from English to German in the unattended channel frequently goes unnoticed. However, participants are able to report that the unattended message is speech rather than non-verbal content. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
In addition to this, if the content of the unattended message contains certain information, such as the listener's name, then the unattended message is more likely to be noticed and remembered. A demonstration of this was done by Conway, Cowen, and Bunting (2001) in which they had subjects shadow words in one ear while... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
Subjects with a high working memory (WM) span were more capable of blocking out the distracting information. Also if the message contains sexual words then people usually notice them immediately. This suggests that the unattended information is also undergoing analysis and keywords can divert attention to it. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
Some data gathered from dichotic listening test experiments suggests that there is possibly a small-population sex difference in perceptual and auditory asymmetries and language laterality. According to Voyer (2011), "Dichotic listening tasks produced homogenous effect sizes regardless of task type (verbal, non-verbal)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
A study conducted involving the dichotic listening test, with emphasis on subtypes of schizophrenia (particularly paranoid and undifferentiated), demonstrated that people with paranoid schizophrenia have the largest left hemisphere advantage – whereas people with undifferentiated schizophrenia (where psychotic symptoms... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
Dichotic listening can also be found in the emotion-oriented parts of the brain. Further study on this matter was done by Phil Bryden and his dichotic listening research focused on emotionally loaded stimuli (Hugdahl, 2015). More research, focused on how lateralization and the identification of the cortical regions of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
In order to obtain results, a Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used by Jancke et al. (2001) to determine the activation of parts of the brain in charge of attention, auditory stimuli to a specific emotional stimuli. Following results on this experiment clarified that the dependability of the provided st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotic_listening |
M2SYS Technology is a global biometric identification management company that provides biometric identity management software, and hardware along with enterprise software applications to several markets including; public safety, workforce management, point of sale, healthcare, education, child care, transportation secu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
M2SYS was incorporated in 2001 as a small software company that developed supply chain software. It later developed as fingerprint biometric research and development center after the invention of Bio-Plugin.M2SYS established its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia where it continues to operate. In 2007, they opened an off... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
In 2007, the company received the 2007 Biometrics Technology Innovation of the Year Award from Frost & Sullivan.In the summer of 2010, M2SYS released “Hybrid Biometric Platform,” a client/server biometric software system that supports fingerprint, finger vein, palm vein, and iris recognition.Subsequently, in 2011 the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
In April 2010, M2SYS created an agreement with Fujitsu Frontech North America designed to offer PC-based palm vein biometric recognition systems. Under the partnership, M2SYS added support for the Fujitsu PalmSecure biometric identification system to its Bio-Plugin biometrics platform. This agreement was terminated in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
In June 2009, M2SYS established a partnership with KRONOS, to design software that interfaces with KRONOS Workforce Timekeeper. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
M2SYS established a partnership with Hitachi in 2008 to deliver Bio-Plugin biometric identification software technology through the USB Finger Vein Biometric Scanner for market deployment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
Bio-Plugin is a biometrics software program that allows developers to integrate a server-based biometrics system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
Bio-SnapOn is a complete biometrics software system that can be added to any third party or internally developed software package, without any development work. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
Hybrid Biometrics is a multi-modal biometrics system that supports fingerprint, finger vein, palm vein, and iris recognition from a single server. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
Bio-Hyperpliance is a scalable multi-modal biometrics recognition system that leverages distributed node balancing for 1:N identification of large databases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
RightPunch is multi-modal PC-based “soft” clock data collection software that can be used with or without biometrics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
RightPatient is a multi-modal biometric identification system designed to identify patients in healthcare to help prevent misidentification and fraud. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
ABIS stands for Automated Biometric Identification System and its a software package used to perform a wide variety of tasks for processing, editing, searching, retrieving and storing biometric templates and subject records. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
A "Know Your Customer" (KYC) biometric customer identification application to help the prevention of identity theft, financial fraud, money laundering, or terrorist financing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
In late 2013, M2SYS designed and released M2-FuseID - a multi-modal finger reader that simultaneously captures a fingerprint image and finger vein pattern simultaneously with the single touch of a finger. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2SYS_Technology |
A plural society is defined by Fredrik Barth as a society combining ethnic contrasts: the economic interdependence of those groups, and their ecological specialization (i.e., use of different environmental resources by each ethnic group). The ecological interdependence, or the lack of competition, between ethnic groups... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural_society |
Democracy in plural societies involves political affiliations that strongly correlate with social cleavages. For example, multiple ethnic groups may each largely vote for ethnonationalist political parties, like Bosnia and Herzegovina. Plural democracies may be stable or unstable. According to Gabriel A. Almond, 'Conti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural_society |
This typification was challenged by Arend Lijphart's study of deviant cases in the Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland, and Belgium, each representing a plural yet stable democracy.Duverger and Neumann argue that there is a close relationship between the number of parties and democratic stability, but a two party system ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural_society |
According to Cliffard Geertz, Communal attachment is called “primordial loyalties”, which may be based on language, religion, custom, region, race or assumed blood ties. Each communal group hold its assumed ties, therefore there is political instability and breakdown of democracy up until now.He argues that due to poli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural_society |
The concept of a plural society is central to consociational theory. The utility of consociational democracy is premised on the existence of multiple communal segments with non-overlapping social cleavages, each led by segmental elites. Power-sharing between communities in a plural society is then predicted to benefit ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural_society |
NTR Gardens is a small public, urban park of 36 acres (0.15 km2; 0.056 sq mi) adjacent to Hussain Sagar lake in Hyderabad, India. It is named after the former Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, N. T. Rama Rao. Constructed in several phases since 1999, the area that is predominantly a park is geographically located in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTR_Gardens |
In 1999, a land of 5 acres (20,000 m2) from a 55-acre (220,000 m2) plot was utilized for erecting a memorial for N. T. Rama Rao, the former Chief Minister of unbifurcated Andhra Pradesh. It was inaugurated by N. Chandrababu Naidu. It was planned to further expand this area, which has since been referred to as NTR Garde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTR_Gardens |
In 2000, the Government of Andhra Pradesh expressed its plans to develop this area with several projects such the NTR Gardens itself, a rock garden and an IMAX theatre. Few days later, a government official firstly said that the rock garden will be taken up by Dubai-based NRIs at a cost of Rs. 27 crores. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTR_Gardens |
Secondly the IMAX theatre project, which was said to cost Rs. 52 crore was allotted to a private firm. Both these projects were to be executed in the same 55-acre (220,000 m2) plot which housed the memorial. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTR_Gardens |
Upon the beginning of work at these gardens in January 2000, a petition by two non-profit organizations sought an immediate halt of construction activity at the gardens. They contended that regulations showed the area around the lake as a recreation zone which must be kept away from all constructions for commercial or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTR_Gardens |
In 2001, the extensive work at 34 acres (140,000 m2) of gardens was completed at a cost of Rs. 40 crores. Besides a variety of plants, the gardens also house a souvenir complex, a visitors train, restaurants and a waterfall. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTR_Gardens |
Ethnology was a journal founded in 1962 by George Peter Murdock, published by the University of Pittsburgh. It was specialized in ethnographic articles and cross-cultural studies. It was discontinued in 2012. The journal is published quarterly, and its online archive, available to subscribers, offers all 50 annual volu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnology_(journal) |
"Wissenschaft des Judentums" (literally in German the expression means "Science of Judaism"; more recently in the United States it started to be rendered as "Jewish Studies" or "Judaic Studies," a wide academic field of inquiry in American universities) refers to a nineteenth-century movement premised on the critical i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
The first organized attempt at developing and disseminating Wissenschaft des Judentums was the Verein für Kultur und Wissenschaft der Juden (Society for Jewish Culture and Jewish Studies), founded around 1819 by Eduard Gans, (a pupil of Hegel), and his associates. Other members included Heinrich Heine, Leopold Zunz, Mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
Despite the lack of success of the Verein für Kultur und Wissenschaft der Juden, its principles inspired many Jewish thinkers to invest their efforts in a wider Wissenschaft des Judentums movement, and also provoked a conservative reaction (see Opposition). The historian Amos Elon, in his book The Pity of It All, place... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
Proponents of Wissenschaft des Judentums attempted to place Jewish culture on par with Western European culture, as evinced in Goethe's ideas of Bildung, and endeavored to have "Jewish Studies" introduced into the university curriculum as a respectable area of study, freeing the field from the prevailing bias that rega... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
At the time, Christian thinkers maintained that the Jews' contribution ended with the Bible, and Zunz began to publish in the area of post-biblical rabbinic literature. His essays "Etwas über die rabbinische Literatur" and "Zur Geschichte und Literatur" addressed this issue. His biography of Rashi of Troyes was pivotal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
When the Prussian government forbade preaching sermons in German synagogues, on the grounds that the sermon was an exclusively Christian institution, Zunz wrote History of the Jewish Sermon in 1832. This work has been described as "the most important Jewish book published in the 19th century." It lays down principles f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
Despite the outstanding scholarship of Wissenschaft personalities such as Zunz and Heinrich Graetz (most of whom pursued their scholarly labors on their own time as Privatgelehrte), the Wissenschaft movement as a whole had a tendency to present Judaism as an historical relic with frequently apologetic overtones, and of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
Wissenschaft scholars such as Rabbi Zacharias Frankel, the first head of the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau, and his colleague at the seminary, historian Heinrich Graetz, considered Jewish history to be reflective of a divine revelation and guidance. Wissenschaft des Judentums was not restricted to progressive ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
One of its most prominent scholars, David Hoffmann, defended a literal reading of the Biblical word which he understood to be the exact product of divine revelation. It was this essentially religious nature of Wissenschaft des Judentums that made it even more dangerous in the eyes of its opponents. Christians even thou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
Indeed, one detects in the writings of many Wissenschaft scholars not only an intense love of scholarship "for its own sake", but also a genuine affinity for the rabbis and scholars of old, whose works they find themselves documenting, editing, publishing, analyzing, and critiquing. Indeed, far from disparaging or desp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
Wissenschaft scholars feel completely free to pass judgment on the intellectual and scholarly capacities of earlier scholars, evaluating their originality, competence, and credibility, and pointing out their failures and limitations. The Wissenschaft scholars, while respectful of their predecessors, have no patience fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
Although the Wissenschaft movement produced a vast number of scholarly publications of lasting value, and its influence still reverberates through Jewish Studies departments (and, indeed, some yeshivas) around the world, it is possible to regard the publication of the Jewish Encyclopedia in 1901–1906 as the culmination... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
The Wissenschaft movement drew criticism from traditional elements in the Jewish community, who regarded it as sterile at best, and at worst damaging to the religious community. A key opposition leader was Samson Raphael Hirsch. He and other traditional religious scholars representing urban and sophisticated Orthodox c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
Julius Guttmann is best known for Die Philosophie des Judentums (Reinhardt, 1933), translations of which are available in Hebrew, Spanish, English, Japanese, etc. The English title is The Philosophy of Judaism: The History of Jewish Philosophy from Biblical Times to Franz Rosenzweig (New York, 1964). Roth sees in this ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
Hermann Cohen Wilhelm Bacher Eduard Gans Heinrich Graetz Julius Guttmann David Zvi Hoffmann Moses Moser Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport Solomon Schechter Moritz Steinschneider Leopold Zunz Samuel David Luzzatto Ismar Elbogen Isaiah Sonne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft_des_Judentums |
Pejeng drum (also Pejeng-type drum) is a type of Bronze Age kettledrum which was produced across the archipelago of Indonesia between the 1st and 2nd century AD. They are one of Indonesia's finest example of metalworking. Examples of Bronze Age Pejeng drum, such as the ancient Moon of Pejeng, is the largest bronze drum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pejeng_drum |
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