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c. 23.03 Ma – Neogene Period and Miocene epoch begin c. 22 Ma – First hyenas. c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
20 Ma – Giraffes and giant anteaters evolve. c. 18–12 Ma – estimated age of the Hominidae/Hylobatidae (great apes vs. gibbons) split. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
c. 16 Ma – The hippopotamus evolves. c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
15 Ma – First mastodons, bovids, and kangaroos. Australian megafauna diversify. c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
11 Ma – Estimated date for the origin of the modern Yangtze river. c. 10 Ma – Insects diversify. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
First large horses. Camels cross from America to Asia. c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
6.5 Ma – First members of the Hominini tribe. c. 6 Ma – Australopithecines diversify. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
c. 5.96–5.33 Ma – Messinian Salinity Crisis: the precursor of the current Strait of Gibraltar closes repeatedly, leading to a partial desiccation and strong increase in salinity of the Mediterranean Sea. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
c. 5.4–6.3 Ma – Estimated age of the Homo/Pan (human vs. chimpanzee) split. c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
5.5 Ma – Appearance of the genus Ardipithecus c. 5.33 Ma – Zanclean flood: the Strait of Gibraltar opens for the last (and current) time and water from the Atlantic Sea fills again the Mediterranean Sea basin. The deep canyon carved by the Eonile during the Messinian Salinity Crisis is filled with seawater up to at lea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
The modern Nile starts filling this sea branch with sediments, slowly creating the Nile Valley. c. 5.333 Ma – Pliocene epoch begins. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
First tree sloths. First large vultures. Nimravids go extinct. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
c. 5.0 Ma – The Colorado Plateau reaches its present height, and the course of the Colorado River becomes close to the present one. c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
4.8 Ma – The mammoth appears. c. 4.2 Ma – appearance of the genus Australopithecus c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
4 Ma – First zebras. c. 3 Ma – Isthmus of Panama joins North and South America. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
Great American Interchange. Cats, condors, raccoons and camelids move south; armadillos, hummingbirds, and opossums move north. c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
2.7 Ma – Paranthropus evolves. c. 2.6 Ma – The current ice age begins. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
c. 2.58 Ma – start of the Pleistocene epoch, the Stone Age and the current Quaternary Period; emergence of the genus Homo. Smilodon, the best known of the sabre-toothed cats, appears. c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
2.4 Ma – The Amazon River takes its present shape in South America. c. 2.0–1.5 Ma – The basin of the Congo River acquires its present shape. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
c. 1.9 Ma – Oldest known Homo erectus fossils. This species might be evolved some time before, up to c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
2 Ma ago. c. 1.7 Ma – Australopithecines go extinct. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
c. 1.8–0.8 Ma – colonisation of Eurasia by Homo erectus. c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
1.5 Ma – earliest possible evidence of the controlled use of fire by Homo erectus c. 1.2 Ma – Homo antecessor evolves. Paranthropus dies out. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
c. 0.79 Ma – earliest demonstrable evidence of the controlled use of fire by Homo erectus c. 0.7 Ma – last reversal of the Earth's magnetic field c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
0.7 Ma: oldest archaic hominins that broke away from the modern human lineage that were found to have inserted into the Sub-Saharan African population genome approximately 35,000 years ago. c. 0.64 Ma – Yellowstone caldera erupts c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
0.6 Ma – Homo heidelbergensis evolves. c. 0.5 Ma – First brown bears. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
c. 0.315 Ma – Middle Paleolithic begins. Appearance of Homo sapiens in Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history |
Garden-based learning (GBL) encompasses programs, activities and projects in which the garden is the foundation for integrated learning, in and across disciplines, through active, engaging, real-world experiences that have personal meaning for children, youth, adults and communities in an informal outside learning sett... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
As of 2010, the National Gardening Association reported over 3,000 school gardens in the United States alone.In some settings garden-based learning strategies are used entirely as the educational curriculum for multiple subjects and in others it supports or enriches the curriculum. Garden-based learning can contribute ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
Landscape designers, teachers, and others consider school and community gardens to be one of the most notable positive trends in the nation today. These environments can foster science literacy and social skills, while enhancing an awareness of the link between plants in the landscape and our, food, clothing, shelter, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
Research indicates that youth who participate in garden-based learning programs increase their consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, and gain new enthusiasm for fresh, nutritious vegetables they grow. It is the physical act of having the students' plant their own fruits and vegetables that gives them ownership an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
Teachers also regarded the garden to be very effective at enhancing academic performance, physical activity, language arts, and healthy eating habits. Garden-based learning attempts to combat obesity by introducing students to healthy foods and providing opportunities to for outside experiential learning. Gardening int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
A boosted immune system means that the human body is stronger and heals more efficiently. This could help patients recovering from all diseases, wounds, illnesses and more. Hospitals and Primary care facilities would be an ideal spot to incorporate garden based learning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
Research highlights that high school students gain more positive attitudes about environmental issues after participating in a school garden program. Gardening has also been shown to increase scores on environmental attitude surveys of elementary school children. Environmental attitude surveys generally include stateme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
Studies indicate students that participated in school gardening activities scored significantly higher on science achievement tests compared to students that did not experience any garden-based learning activities. Other research has indicated that weekly use of gardening activities and related classroom activities hel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
Research has highlighted the many improvements in life skills that can be attributed to children's garden programs. These skills include: enhancement of moral education, increasing appreciation for nature, increasing responsibility, developing patience, increases in relationship skills, and increases in self-esteem, he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
Research has shown that Garden-based learning can help improve important aspects of learning for people with special needs. GBL is used with special ed students to improve memory and motor skills. Some disabled students are not able to learn outside, but GBL inside has just the same impact as it would outdoors. Hands o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
Studies have been shown that children benefit from garden based learning programs. These benefits could include leadership growth, community involvement, and voluntary education which can lead to increased child development. Researched programs are more effective when one is to work through the entire process to unders... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
The orders involved in this education from beginning to end include planning, design, application, and review.Some features of garden-based learning programs that develop positive qualities in youth Positive focus Children allowed to 'lead the way' in some aspects throughout the process. Proactive behavior Responsibili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
Academic Skills To support core academic training, particularly in science and math – real world hands on experiences Enrichment of core curriculum in language arts through introduction of new learning landscapes To support standards based education in countries with national or regional education standards Teaching th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
Besides basic education uses, the gardens can be used for other purposes as well.Community Development Gardens often serve as a focal point for community dialogue, capacity building, and partnerships through a shared community garden space. Gardens often organize individuals for action – for water delivery, cooperative... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
It has been proven that children are spending less and less time outdoors as new technology is invented. This trend has been seen to impact educational and social aspects of the youth. Spending more time outside has been seen to improve test scores and overall concentration. Having green areas is important to increase ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
It has been studied and proven that students learn more when studying 'hands on'. At the same time, teachers and parents begin to realize the ability of education through nature. Parents and teachers are suggested to give kids an hour of play outdoors for every hour indoors. Nature Provides a wide range of materials fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning |
Michele Anderson is a Canadian anti-human trafficking advocate at Covenant House Toronto who specializes in working to support victims of sex trafficking and advocating on their behalf. In 2014 Covenant House described Anderson as having over twenty years experience working with youth victimized by sex traffickers.Ande... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michele_Anderson_(criminologist) |
Anderson was presented with a 2015 Ontario Victim Services Awards of Distinction for her work. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michele_Anderson_(criminologist) |
A dual-track system is an economic system in which the government controls key sectors of the economy, while allowing private enterprise limited control over the other sectors. In China, the government followed dual-track pricing until abolished in November 1989, known as "shuangguizhi" in Chinese. State-controlled (pl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-track_economy |
The Disability History Association (DHA) is an international non-profit organization that promotes the study of disabilities. This includes, but is not limited to, the history of individuals or groups with disabilities, perspectives on disability, representations/ constructions of disability, policy and practice histor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_History_Association |
This organization is both inclusive and international, reflected in its diverse topics and approaches. Membership is open to scholars, institutions and organizations, and others working in all geographic regions and all time periods. The DHA offers its members a community of active and interesting historians; access to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_History_Association |
As an academic organization, the Disability History Association strives to attract more professional and public attention to the importance of disability as a category of analysis and the histories of people with disabilities in the past and present. As the DHA website says: "This organization is both inclusive and int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_History_Association |
The origin of the Disability History Association came from informal conversations by a group of pioneering disability scholars at the Summer Institute on Disability Studies in the Humanities at San Francisco State University in 2000. The following year, they created H-Disability, a discussion group in the prominent onl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_History_Association |
The DHA sponsors the Outstanding Publication Award, awarded annually to a book or an article which explores significant new ground in the field of disability history. From 2012 to 2017, the DHA alternated offering the Outstanding Book Chapter or Article Award and the Outstanding Book Award, but in 2018 began offering b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_History_Association |
Sara Scalenghe - Chair Lindsey Patterson - Vice President Aparna Nair - VP for Communications Kathleen Brian - Treasurer Caroline Lieffers - Graduate Student Representative Nicole Belolan - Member Susan Burch - Member Iain Hutchison - Member Sandy Sufian - Member Jaipreet Virdi -Member | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_History_Association |
Kim E. Nielsen, past president == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_History_Association |
Alcohol-related crime refers to criminal activities that involve alcohol use as well as violations of regulations covering the sale or use of alcohol; in other words, activities violating the alcohol laws. Underage drinking and drunk driving are the most prevalent alcohol‐specific offenses in the United States and a ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
Alcohol availability and consumption rates and alcohol rates are positively associated with nuisance, loitering, panhandling, and disorderly conduct in open spaces; domestic violence; as well as violent crimes, though specifics differ between particular countries and cultures. Research found that factors that increase ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
Another estimate for the UK for yearly cost of alcohol-related crime suggested double that estimate, at between £8 and 13 billion. Risky patterns of drinking are particularly problematic in and around Russia, Mexico and some parts of Africa.The relation between alcohol and violence is not yet fully understood, as its i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
Some crimes are uniquely tied to alcohol, such as public intoxication or underage drinking, while others are simply more likely to occur together with alcohol consumption. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
Domestic violence typically co‐occurs with alcohol abuse. Alcohol use has been reported as a factor by two-thirds of domestic abuse victims. Moderate drinkers are more frequently engaged in intimate violence than are light drinkers and abstainers, however generally it is heavy and/or binge drinkers who are involved in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
The odds, frequency, and severity of physical attacks are all positively correlated with alcohol use. In turn, violence decreases after behavioral marital alcoholism treatment. Studies also suggest there may be links between alcohol abuse and child abuse. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
Driving under the influence (DUI) or driving while intoxicated (DWI), is the crime of driving a motor vehicle while impaired by alcohol or other drugs including those prescribed by physicians.With alcohol consumption, a drunk driver's level of intoxication is typically determined by a measurement of blood alcohol conte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
Alcohol abuse increases the risk of individuals either experiencing or perpetrating sexual violence. Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is a sexual assault carried out after the victim has become incapacitated due to having consumed alcohol or other drugs. Alcohol remains the most commonly used predator drug, being... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
Outbreaks of methanol poisoning have occurred when methanol is used to adulterate moonshine (bootleg liquor). Methanol has a high toxicity in humans. If as little as 10 mL of pure methanol is ingested, for example, it can break down into formic acid, which can cause permanent blindness by destruction of the optic nerve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
Public drunkenness or intoxication is a common problem in many jurisdictions. The offenders are often lower class individuals and this crime has a very high recidivism rate, with numerous instances of repeated instances of the arrest, jail, release without treatment cycle. The high number of arrests for public drunkenn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
Robbery and violent crimes often involve alcohol use, and there is a positive correlation between such crimes and alcohol use. 15% of robberies, 63% of intimate partner violence incidents, 37% of sexual assaults, 45-46% of physical assaults and 40-45% of homicides in the United States involved use of alcohol. A 1983 st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
Criminologist Hung‐En Sung has concluded in 2016 that with regards to reducing drunk driving, law enforcement has not generally proven to be effective. Worldwide, the majority of those driving under the influence do not end up arrested. At least two thirds of alcohol‐involved fatalities involve repeat drinking drivers.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
Pigovian taxes, which are to pay for the damage to society caused by these goods. Sin taxes are used to increase the price in an effort to lower their use, or failing that, to increase and find new sources of revenue. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime |
The Society of Wood Engravers (SWE) is a UK-based artists’ exhibiting society, formed in 1920, one of its founder-members being Eric Gill. It was originally restricted to artist-engravers printing with oil-based inks in a press, distinct from the separate discipline of woodcuts. Today, its support extends to other form... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
The Society of Wood Engravers was founded on 27 March 1920 by a group of 10 artists who all wanted to promote wood engraving as a medium for modern artists. Unlike other societies of the time devoted to various aspects of relief printmaking, the SWE survived, successfully engaging up-coming generations, and celebrates ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
This was well before the SWE was thought of. The foundation of the Society built on the development of this approach by a later generation of artists and in the Modernist era. Their names are listed below. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
Historically, white-line engraving on end-grain wood and black-line work on the plank side of the wood were both referred to as ‘woodcuts’. The habit of calling the first method ‘wood engraving’, and the second ‘woodcut’, crystallised after World War II. The Society went into abeyance during the 1960s but was revived i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
The major regeneration of the SWE, virtually amounting to a re-foundation after a difficult mid-century, was built on the distinction between ‘wood engraving’ and ‘woodcut’: by then the more visible as the two traditions developed in different ways. Now that synthetic materials can be used for engraving on, it has been... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
Philip Hagreen Lucien Pissarro Robert Gibbings E M O’Rourke Dickey Sydney Lee Noel Rooke Edward Gordon Craig Eric Gill Gwen Raverat John Nash | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
The SWE was founded primarily to promote wood engraving in the European manner – printing with oil-based inks in a press, rather than with water-based ink and manual pressure in the Japanese tradition. Secondly, its aim was to promote the work of artist-engravers as distinct from the nineteenth-century artisans, who en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
Wood engraving has multiple applications in fine-art prints, in book illustration and in commerce. It attracts passionate practitioners who continue to develop experimental themes. The Society reflects these in its annual exhibitions. The Annual Exhibition is the largest and most important event in the SWE’s calendar, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
Submission to this exhibition is open to members and non-members alike. All entries go before a selection committee which includes the current Chairperson and two other elected Members of the Society. Initially restricted to London, the show now tours the UK visiting established galleries and those in remote areas wher... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
Subscription to the Society is by payment of an annual fee. The Society welcomes enthusiasts, collectors, as well as artists. In order to become a member, the applicant must have exhibited wood engravings in the Annual Exhibition for three years, although these don’t need to run consecutively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
Submission of a portfolio of work including preparatory work and sketch books will then be subject to scrutiny by the Member’s Selection Committee. All new members receive a copy of the Society’s constitution and may enter a third piece of work for the annual show in addition to the two allowed for non-members. The Soc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
An AGM is held, usually in the autumn, to which everyone is invited. Another social gathering held annually is the SWE Picnic which usually features an auction of prints and books. The Society has cordial relations with the Wood Engravers’ Network (WEN), an American group with similar aims. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
Imparting information and teaching wood engraving are strong components of the SWE's commitment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
The SWE receives no outside funding. A bequest from earlier member William Rawlinson has enabled grants to students and funding for special projects. More recently, Rachel Reckitt has bequeathed annual prizes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
Since 1984 the committee has been chaired by the following people: George Tute 1984 – 1986 Simon Brett 1986 – 1992 Ian Stephens 1992 – 1995 Sarah van Niekerk 1995 – 1998 Hilary Paynter 1998 – 2006 Peter Lawrence 2006 – 2011 Harry Brockway 2011 – 2014 Geri Waddington 2015 – 2018 Chris Daunt 2018 – 2020 Merlin Waterson –... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
David Jones Sydney Lee Paul Nash Iain Macnab Gwenda Morgan Herry Perry Hester Sainsbury Leon Underwood | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers |
Chinese whispers (some Commonwealth English), or telephone (American English and Canadian English), is an internationally popular children's game in which messages are whispered from person to person and then the original and final messages are compared. This sequential modification of information is called transmissio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
The first person then compares the original message with the final version. Although the objective is to pass around the message without it becoming garbled along the way, part of the enjoyment is that, regardless, this usually ends up happening. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
Errors typically accumulate in the retellings, so the statement announced by the last player differs significantly from that of the first player, usually with amusing or humorous effect. Reasons for changes include anxiousness or impatience, erroneous corrections, or the difficult-to-understand mechanism of whispering.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
In the UK, Australia and New Zealand, the game is typically called "Chinese whispers"; in the UK, this is documented from 1964.Various reasons have been suggested for naming the game after the Chinese, but there is no concrete explanation. One suggested reason is a widespread British fascination with Chinese culture in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
In this view, using the phrase "Chinese whispers" is taken as evidence of a belief that the Chinese language itself is not understandable. Yunte Huang, a professor of English at the University of California, Santa Barbara, has said that: "Indicating inaccurately transmitted information, the expression 'Chinese Whispers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
As the game is popular among children worldwide, it is also known under various other names depending on locality, such as Russian scandal, whisper down the lane, broken telephone, operator, grapevine, gossip, secret message, the messenger game, and pass the message, among others. In Turkey, this game is called kulakta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
In Poland it is called głuchy telefon, meaning "deaf telephone". In Medici-era Florence it was called the "game of the ear".The game has also been known in English as Russian Scandal, Russian Gossip and Russian Telephone.In North America, the game is known under the name telephone. Alternative names used in the United ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
The game has no winner: the entertainment comes from comparing the original and final messages. Intermediate messages may also be compared; some messages will become unrecognizable after only a few steps. As well as providing amusement, the game can have educational value. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
It shows how easily information can become corrupted by indirect communication. The game has been used in schools to simulate the spread of gossip and its possible harmful effects. It can also be used to teach young children to moderate the volume of their voice, and how to listen attentively; in this case, a game is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
In 2008 1,330 children and celebrities set a world record for the game of Chinese Whispers involving the most people. The game was held at the Emirates Stadium in London and lasted two hours and four minutes. Starting with "together we will make a world of difference", the phrase morphed into "we're setting a record" p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
The chain involved 1,763 school children and other individuals and was held as part of Hearing Week 2017. The starting phrase was "Turn it down". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
As of 2022 this remained the world record for the largest game of Chinese Whispers by number of participants according to the Guinness Book of Records.In 2012 a global game of Chinese Whispers was played spanning 237 individuals speaking seven different languages. Beginning in St Kilda Library in Melbourne, Australia, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
A variant of Chinese Whispers is called Rumors. In this version of the game, when players transfer the message, they deliberately change one or two words of the phrase (often to something more humorous than the previous message). Intermediate messages can be compared. There is a second derivative variant, no less popul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
At the end, the final phrase is compared to the first in front of all participants. The pen-and-paper game Telephone Pictionary (also known as Eat Poop You Cat) is played by alternately writing and illustrating captions, the paper being folded so that each player can only see the previous participant's contribution. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
Following the success of Broken Picture Telephone, commercial boardgame versions Telestrations and Cranium Scribblish were released two years later in 2009. Drawception, and other websites, also arrived in 2009. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
A translation relay is a variant in which the first player produces a text in a given language, together with a basic guide to understanding, which includes a lexicon, an interlinear gloss, possibly a list of grammatical morphemes, comments on the meaning of difficult words, etc. (everything except an actual translatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
The relay ends when the last player returns the translation to the beginning player. Another variant of Chinese whispers is shown on Ellen's Game of Games under the name of Say Whaaat?. However, the difference is that the four players will be wearing earmuffs; therefore the players have to read their lips. A party game... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
Chinese whispers is used in a number of fields as a metaphor for imperfect data transmission over multiple iterations. For example the British zoologist Mark Ridley in his book Mendel's demon used Chinese Whispers as an analogy for the imperfect transmission of genetic information across multiple generations. In anothe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_whispers |
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