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H1 saw more than 1,200 net store closures
Written on 11 September 2019.
Medium and large retailers on the country’s main high streets closed a net 1,234 branches in the first half of this year.
This is 111 more than the first half of 2018 and the highest since the Local Data Company/PwC survey began in 2010. The research covers the country’s top 500 high streets and retailers with five or more outlets. A total of 2,868 stores closed and 1,634 branches opened.
All regions except the East Midlands, North East, South East and Yorkshire and the Humber saw store closures increase.
The national closures rate was an average of 1.8%.
‘One of the most striking things about this latest Local Data Company and PWC analysis is the level of market churn identified in such a short space of time. Whilst the overall net change number, a loss of 1,234 occupied units in only six months, is certainly significant, the level of openings and closures activity beneath this is hugely notable as the industry continues to reset,’ says Lucy Stainton, Local Data Company head of retail and strategic partnerships.
‘In our experience, retailers are being that much more cautious and risk averse as far as both planning for new store openings and in making decisions across their existing property portfolios. The reality is that UK retail space will continue to look very different over the coming years, and this is demonstrated by the sheer number of stores opening and closing on an ongoing basis.’ |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Nonoperating room anesthesia in the gastroenterology suite is a growing field in anesthesiology practice \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. While the majority of gastrointestinal endoscopies are performed under conscious sedation by non-anesthesia personnel, there is a shift towards deep sedation or general anesthesia for advanced procedures and interventions \[[@CR3]\]. Especially for patients with ASA physical status ≥3, high BMI, obstructive sleep apnea and severe comorbidities, the presence of an anesthesiologist is recommended \[[@CR3]--[@CR5]\]. General anesthesia is associated with shorter procedure times, higher complete resection rates, a decreased incidence of coughing and lower perforation rates \[[@CR6]--[@CR8]\]. From a practical point of view, securing an airway for complex procedures with a gastroscope in situ usually requires tracheal intubation. The numbers of patients with severe comorbidities presenting for upper gastrointestinal endoscopic interventions are rising, so the need for a fast and yet gentle and safe airway device is relevant.
Dual channel laryngeal masks, also referred to as "second-generation" supraglottic airway devices (2nd SAD), are defined by the presence of an accessory tube for gastric drainage. Shortly after the first commercially available 2nd SAD \[[@CR9]\], there was a report of a modified, self-made laryngeal mask, which allowed passing instruments like a gastroscope through the accessory tube into the esophageus \[[@CR10]\]. A modified laryngeal tube, the gastro-laryngeal tube (VBM Medizintechnik GmbH, Sulz am Neckar, Germany), has been described as an alternative airway device with a dedicated channel for an endoscope \[[@CR11]\]. This approach was not developed further until 2017, when M. Skinner introduced a refined tool in advanced airway management for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (i.e. the LMA® Gastro™ Airway[1](#Fn1){ref-type="fn"}) \[[@CR12], [@CR13]\]. This silicone-based, cuffed LMA offers an additional and separate channel for the passage of instruments (such as an endoscope) of up to a width of 16 mm in diameter \[[@CR14]\]. If the mask is placed correctly the endoscope is guided directly towards the upper oesophageal entrance and the airway is left unobstructed. Ventilatory parameters, especially peak airway pressure, are not altered due to insertion of the endoscope through the separate channel. The endoscope may glide easily through the channel, providing excellent conditions for the endoscopist in terms of endoscope movement, including rotation and interventions. To date, the new LMA Gastro™ Airway has only been evaluated in healthy patients for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, demonstrating good efficacy without any detrimental or harmful side effects \[[@CR12]\].
It was the aim of this study to evaluate the feasibility of this tool not only in ASA I and II patients for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, who may not even require general anesthesia but in older and high risk patients, undergoing more complex and lengthy endoscopy and subsequently more challenging interventions under general anesthesia.
Methods {#Sec2}
=======
This retrospective cohort analysis was approved by the local Ethics Committee, University of Freiburg, Germany (approval number EK 37/19, date: March 19th 2019, PI: Axel Schmutz, MD). The study was conducted at the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and the Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre -- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00017396), PI Axel Schmutz, MD, on May 23rd 2019. The study was planned and designed in accordance with the initiative for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), using the suggested checklist for epidemiological cohort studies \[[@CR15]\]. The data of closed files between October 2018 and March 2019 was collected by chart review and entered into a database. 214 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures and interventions were included; 31 patients were finally analyzed. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects, a legal surrogate, or the parents or legal guardians. A priori sample size calculation was not applicable due to the retrospective study design.
High-risk patients undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures and interventions with the need for general anesthesia were analyzed. Inclusion criteria were airway management with LMA Gastro™, ASA status 3 or above, age 10 years and older, body weight above 30 kg. Patients fasted for at least 6 h for solids and at least two hours for clear fluids. It was our intention not to exclude any patients with esophageal reflux, esophageal strictures, cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract or the stomach, achalasia, pancreatitis, upper GI bleeding, colitis, pyloric stenosis, morbid obesity etc.
Anesthetic management {#Sec3}
---------------------
After implementation of routine monitoring (ECG, non-invasive blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation) general anesthesia was induced using i.v. sufentanil (0.2--0.3 μg·kg^− 1^ body weight (BW)) followed by remifentanil (0.1--0.5 μg ·kg^− 1^·min^− 1^) and propofol 3.0--5.0 μg·ml^− 1^ effect site concentration target-controlled infusion (Agilia™, Schnider model). Paralytic medication was not administered. Normocapnia and normoxia were achieved by positive pressure ventilation (pressure controlled ventilation, positive endexspiratory pressure: of 3--5 mbar, respiratory rate: 10--18/min) with a F~I~O~2~ of 0.5 after insertion of the lubricated LMA Gastro™ Airway (Size 3, 4 or 5). The LMA cuff was filled with air until the indicator of the cuff pressure valve was in the "green zone" of the cuff pressure valve. This corresponds to a cuff pressure of 40 cm H~2~O. (Cuff Pilot, embedded cuff monitoring system). According to our departmental standards a successful insertion was assumed by a square wave pattern capnography, symmetrical chest wall expansion and absence of an audible oral air leak with a cuff pressure between 20 and 40 cmH~2~O. Haemodynamic shifts (mean arterial blood pressure ± 20% regarding baseline values) were treated with i.v. ephedrine/norepinephrine or urapidil respectively. After fixation of the LMA Gastro™ Airway, a well lubricated flexible endoscope was inserted into the gastric channel and advanced into the oesophagus. Anesthetic and endoscopic records and ward charts of patients were analyzed for periinterventional data regarding airway management, pharyngeal bleeding, sore throat, hoarseness and any other serious adverse events during or within 24 h after the endoscopic intervention.
If tracheal intubation was necessary, neuromuscular block was induced using an i.v. bolus of rocuronium bromide (0.6--1.0 mg·kg^− 1^ body weight).
The combined outcome was defined as the feasibility to use the LMA Gastro™ successfully for both, the endoscopic intervention and a sufficient airway management in the defined high-risk patients. Secondary outcome parameters comprised (a) the ease of placement of the LMA Gastro™ or any additional attempts required to correctly place the device, (b) the need for any alternative airway devices (i.e. tracheal tube) in case of uncontrollable permanent airway leakage, (c) any form of dislocation associated with the endoscopic procedure, thus necessitating an alternative airway tool, other than the LMA Gastro™, (d) the incidence of pharyngeal bleeding during placement or after the removal of the LMA Gastro™, (e) any unwanted events during the endoscopic procedure with the main focus on regurgitation, aspiration or hypoxia, (f) duration of the endoscopic procedure, (g) sore throat and/or hoarseness and (h) the comfort of advancing and operating the endoscope through the gastric channel rated by the attending endoscopist after the procedure via a 5 point Likert-type scale (0 = not at all satisfied, 1 = slightly satisfied, 2 = moderately satisfied, 3 = very satisfied, 4 = completely satisfied).
The data was collected in a MS Excel™ (Microsoft, Redmond, USA) datasheet. Further statistical processing was performed using SPSS™ (IBM, Armonk, USA).
Results {#Sec4}
=======
Of 214 patients receiving anesthetic care in the gastroenterology suite, 75 patients were ventilated with the LMA Gastro™. Thirtyone cases were advanced procedures in high-risk patients lasting for a median of 60 min (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Figure S1). Patient characteristics, endoscopic interventions, duration of the procedures and the endoscopists' ratings are summarized in Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}. These 31 endoscopic interventions were performed under general anesthesia, of which 27 finally were performed successfully with LMA Gastro™ (Fig. [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Table 1Patient characteristics, endoscopic procedures (*n* = 31). Values are number (proportion) or median (IQR \[range\])Age (yrs) median \[IQR\]65 \[31--72\]Sex male23 female8ASA physical status^*a*^ 322 \[71%\] 49 \[29%\]Body Mass Index median \[IQR\]24 \[20--25\]Reflux9 \[32%\]Results Endoscopic procedure PEG^*b*^5 \[16%\] ERCP^*c*^7 \[23%\] POEM^*d*^7 \[23%\] ESD^*e*^, STER^*f*^6 \[19%\] other6 \[19%\]Ventilation and endoscopic procedure through LMA Gastro™ successful27 \[87%\]Duration of endoscopic procedure (min) median, \[IQR\]60 \[25--75\]Sore throat and/or hoarseness (in PACU)4 \[13%\]Rating of endoscopist^*g*^, mean \[range\]3.7 \[3--4\]Abbreviations: ^*a*^ASA physical status: ASA Physical Status Classification System \[[@CR16]\]; ^*b*^PEG, percutaneous endoscopic or fluoroscopic gastrostomy; ^*c*^ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; ^*d*^POEM, peroral endoscopic myotomy; ^*e*^ESD, Endoscopic submucosal dissection; ^*f*^STER, submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection. ^*g*^Rating of endoscopist Likert-type scale (0 = not at all satisfied, 1 = slightly satisfied, 2 = moderately satisfied, 3 = very satisfied, 4 = completely satisfied)Fig. 1Gastroduodenoscope passing through the gastric channel of a LMA Gastro™
Procedures performed were endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (*n* = 7), peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) (n = 7) (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Figure S2), percutaneous endoscopic or fluoroscopic gastrostomy (PEG) (*n* = 5) (Fig. [2](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}, Additional file [4](#MOESM4){ref-type="media"}), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) (*n* = 6) or other advanced procedures (e.g. esophageal stent placement; Fig. [3](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}; Additional file [2](#MOESM2){ref-type="media"}; endoscopic ultrasound probe, Fig. [4](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}) in patients with considerable comorbidity (*n* = 6). The feasibility of the LMA Gastro™ for endoscopic intervention was rated as satisfactory by the four endoscopists (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}). Fig. 2Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, "pull" techniqueFig. 3Esophageal stent placement. **a** Endoscopic view through the gastric channel of a LMA Gastro™. **b** Chest X-ray: Esophageal stent placement, LMA Gastro™ in situFig. 4Endoscopic ultrasound probe passing through the LMA Gastro™
**Additional file 4.** Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy through LMA Gastro™. Access to the videos also via the following link: <https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mVOhwgJGT5y5l5WE-cTyQpitMEc7VS88?usp=sharing>.
Placement of the LMA Gastro™ was reported as easy. All LMA Gastro™ were positioned at the first insertion attempt. In four patients, ventilation with LMA Gastro™ was not possible and tracheal intubation was performed instead. In one of these patients tracheal intubation was performed through the LMA Gastro™ using a 5.0 mm I.D. (6.9 mm O.D) microlaryngoscopy tube (Fig. [5](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"} a-c; Additional file [3](#MOESM3){ref-type="media"}). The tube was mounted on a fiberscope (Ambu® aScope™ 4 Broncho Slim 3.8). In two other patients, one additional attempt at LMA Gastro™ placement was necessary. Fig. 5**a** Microlaryngoscopy tube (5.0 mm I.D., 6.9 mm O.D) passing through the airway lumen of the LMA Gastro™. **b** proximal end of the LMA Gastro™ with ETT in place. Please notice the large gastric channel narrowing the airway lumen. **c** LMA Gastro™ with a microlaryngoscopy tube in tracheal position
Positive pressure ventilation was performed without any difficulties. There were no detectable differences regarding peak airway pressures or tidal volumes after insertion of the flexible endoscope. No signs of hypoxia, regurgitation or aspiration were noted. Even complex interventions with considerable insufflation of CO~2~ did not result in clinically significant hypercarbia.
One patient developed subcutaneous emphysema of the neck and left chestwall after endoscopic resection of an esophageal leiomyoma. This condition resolved spontaneously without any intervention.
There was not a single dislocation of the LMA Gastro™ due to endoscope movement through the designated channel.
Post interventional course {#Sec5}
--------------------------
There were no clinically significant adverse events within the cohort. No patient had to be admitted to the intensive care unit unexpectedly. All but one patient were discharged from PACU to a regular ward. We did not observe any pharyngeal bleeding. One patient developed a minor uvular hematoma, possibly due to positioning, and had difficulties swallowing for two days following the intervention.
Discussion {#Sec6}
==========
In this retrospective analysis, we demonstrated the feasibility of the LMA Gastro™ airway as a valuable tool for advanced gastrointestinal endoscopic interventions under general anesthesia in high-risk patients.
The design of the LMA Gastro™ with its wide endoscope channel, an integrated bite block and an adjustable holder facilitates easy passage of a well lubricated endoscope (Fig. [2](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). The use of SAD usually reduces anesthetic dose requirements and decreases recovery time compared to tracheal intubation in nonendoscopic procedures. Furthermore, relaxation is not required. Compared to patients with orotracheal intubation, endoscopists estimated conditions with regard to access to the gastrointestinal tract as equal or better. The LMA Gastro™ aids the insertion of the gastroduodenoscope by guiding it into the upper esophagus. This may be the reason for the high degree of satisfaction we found in our setting.
We performed about 87% of all anesthetics for endoscopic intervention with the LMA Gastro™ successfully. Secondary conversion to an oral tracheal tube was required for four patients only, three of them with a history of major oral cancer and radiation therapy. Due to our experience, we would not recommend the use of LMA Gastro™ in this patient population because of the difficulties in positioning, risk of bleeding and an insufficient seal of the LMA with the periglottic structures.
The cuff of the LMA Gastro™ is more voluminous compared to first generation SAD \[[@CR17]\]. Nevertheless, anesthesia providers reported insertion efforts similar to other second generation SADs. The pre-curved design and the bendability improved handling and enabled providers to insert the device in the supine and left lateral position without any difficulties. Providers should be cautious during insertion, as the distal opening of the endoscope channel may entrap soft palate structures causing mucosal lacerations.
The increasing popularity of deep sedation in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal procedures will account for a rising number of anesthesiologist guided deep sedation. Patients who have previously showed poor tolerance to endoscopy under conscious sedation and who subsequently need to undergo prolonged and repeated procedures may be of particular benefit from the use of the LMA Gastro™. Intolerance of conscious sedation is a significant factor in failure of endoscopic procedures \[[@CR18]\].
In advanced procedures like peroral esophageal myotomy (POEM) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), minimal patient movement is preferred to limit adverse events like perforation or bleeding.
ERCP is most often performed in spontaneously breathing patients under deep sedation without airway protection in the prone position, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration. However, patients with ASA physical status III and above, patients with severe cardio-pulmonary comorbidity, morbid obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea or reflux represent a group with an increased risk of cardio-respiratory adverse events \[[@CR19], [@CR20]\] and therefore tracheal intubation during general anesthesia is a common technique for this population \[[@CR21]\].
Although studies of airway management using first generation "classic" LMA during ERCP in adults \[[@CR22]\] and during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in paediatric patients \[[@CR23]\] have been performed, this technique is not commonly used. This accounts to an even lesser extent for long interventions in high-risk patients. The LMA Gastro™ may offer a suitable alternative for airway control during ERCP.
An additional indication to use the LMA Gastro™ may be transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) under deep sedation. We used TEE in a patient with a left ventricular assist device immediately before ERCP.
On principle, the LMA Gastro™ was not designed to facilitate tracheal intubation. The narrow internal diameter (ID) of the airway lumen prevents a tracheal tube from passing through. If tracheal intubation through a SAD is planned, we therefore recommend to either exchange the LMA Gastro™ for another SAD that will allow direct passage of an adult-sized ETT or using a microlaryngoscopy tube, a pediatric-sized standard ETT (5.0 mm ID) with an adult length, mounted over a bronchoscope and inserted through the LMA Gastro™ into the trachea.
We are fully aware, that some of our patients met the criteria for tracheal intubation. Recommendations for patients with achalasia undergoing POEM typically include rapid sequence induction followed by tracheal intubation \[[@CR24]--[@CR26]\]. In our approach, patients with no residual solid food during prior diagnostic esophagoscopy, after induction of anesthesia without face-mask ventilation and insertion of the LMA Gastro™, the endoscopist immediately advanced the gastroscope through the gastric channel into the esophagus and stomach and evacuated any residual esophageal content.
This study has several limitations. First, the retrospective design at a single university medical center limits our conclusions, so they may not be generalizable. Second, the data relied on provider documentation to identify the use and success of the airway device. Due to the retrospective nature of this study, the reasoning behind a provider's decision to perform tracheal intubation rather than use an SAD could not be assessed. Third, this is an observational study, not including a control group.
Our analysis should be considered as a pilot study for future randomized clinical trials with multicenter and prospective design to clarify the role of SAD devices during general anesthesia for endoscopic procedures. Especially comparisons with alternative techniques using other airway devices and monitored anesthesia care without airway protection are needed to evaluate the risks and benefits of different techniques.
In conclusion, we demonstrated the feasibility of the LMA Gastro™ during general anesthesia for endoscopic procedures in high-risk patients.
Supplementary information
=========================
{#Sec7}
**Additional file 1: Figure S1**. CONSORT diagram of patient recruitment. **Figure S2**. Gastroduodenoscope with attachment cap for peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), passing through the gastric channel of a LMA Gastro™. **Additional file 2.** Esophageal stent through LMA Gastro™. Access to the videos also via the following link: <https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mVOhwgJGT5y5l5WE-cTyQpitMEc7VS88?usp=sharing>. **Additional file 3.** Microlaryngoscopy tracheal tube through LMA Gastro™. Access to the videos also via the following link: <https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mVOhwgJGT5y5l5WE-cTyQpitMEc7VS88?usp=sharing>.
ASA
: American society of anesthesiologists
BMI
: Body mass index
CO~2~
: Carbon dioxide
ECG
: Electrocardiogram
ERCP
: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ESD
: Endoscopic submucosal dissection
ETT
: Tracheal tube
F~I~O~2~
: Fraction of inspired oxygen
ID
: Internal diameter
LMA
: Laryngeal mask airway
PEG
: Percutaneous endoscopic or fluoroscopic gastrostomy
POEM
: Peroral endoscopic myotomy
SAD
: Supraglottic airway device
STER
: Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection
STROBE
: Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology
TEE
: Transesophageal echocardiography
LMA is a registered trademark of The Laryngeal Mask Company Ltd., an affiliate of Teleflex Incorporated
**Publisher's Note**
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
=========================
**Supplementary information** accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12871-020-0938-9.
The authors would like to thank Dr. Helen Engelstaedter, Department of Anesthesia, Helios Rosmann Hospital, Breisach, GERMANY, for language editing and Susan Koehler, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, GERMANY for administrative support.
Study design: AxS, TL, protocol design: AxS, TL, advisor for study protocol and management of the study: AxS, TL, UG, data collection: AxS, TL, ArS, study conduct: AxS, TL, ArS, study monitoring: AxS, TL, ArS, data analysis: AxS, TL, ArS, UG, data evaluation: AxS, TL, ArS, UG, writing the manuscript: AxS, TL, ArS, UG, editing and approval of the manuscript: AxS, TL, ArS, UG. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This study was supported by the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg for design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. Raw data are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.
The Medical Ethics Committee of the University of Freiburg approved the study (EK37/19, date: March 19th 2019, PI: Axel Schmutz, MD). EK 37/19.
Not applicable.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
|
Sunday, June 21, 2009
I love my Dansko Mirabelle sandals! Since I got them in late March, I've worn them every day. Danskos are known for their ergonomic molded foot beds and their "rocker bottom" soles - basically it's easy to walk in them. I even wore these sandals on my trip to Taroko Gorge, when we hiked over 5km, and my feet were fine.
I think Danskos are great for travel and maternity, because they are so comfortable and can be dressed up or down. For travel - nothing screams tourist more than sneakers and a fanny pack. I mean, people outside the U.S. just don't wear sneakers around town. It just attracts unwanted attention. Some of my co-workers on the Taroko trip thought they were high heels and were impressed I could hike in them - they didn't realize how comfortable they were!
And for maternity - I see so many women in Taiwan waddling around in Teva-like sandles, which just makes them look bloated and uncomfortable. Plus, the Mirabelles have an ankle strap for added stability, a breathable leather top sole, and a non-skid sole—which is especially reassuring now that I'm pregnant. I have another pair of Dansko clogs that I've worn in icy conditions and I've always felt secure walking around in them. And, I like the thicker sole because there is less of a chance for icky runoff and puddles to seep into my toes when rains during the summer in Taiwan.
I also have wide feet, so it's great to find a shoe company that fits so well and comfortably. Danskos come in a lot of cute styles. The Mirabelles are my third pair. The only thing to keep in mind is the sizing - my first pair of Danskos (bought 7 years ago!) was a 38 and fit fine even though according to their size charts I should actually be a 39 or 40. My Dansko clogs, which are a 39, are a bit tight around the arch - there's not enough room. The Mirabelles, also a 39, fit perfectly, but then they're sandals so there's a bit more give in case my feet swell. So I would recommend to try them on in person to find the right size, if that is possible. (My last two pairs of Danskos were ordered online so it was a bit of a gamble!)
Anyways, I loved my Mirabelles so much I ordered another pair in black and I'm really looking forward to getting them when my mom's friend brings them to me in Taiwan.
p.s. There's a great little movie about the company on their corporate website. I thought they were a Danish company, but they're actually an American company with Danish roots. |
Supercritical or compressed CO2 as a stimulus for tuning surfactant aggregations.
Surfactant assemblies have a wide range of applications in areas such as the chemical industry, material science, biology, and enhanced oil recovery. From both theoretical and practical perspectives, researchers have focused on tuning the aggregation behaviors of surfactants. Researchers commonly use solid and liquid compounds such as cosurfactants, acids, salts, and alcohols as stimuli for tuning the aggregation behaviors. However, these additives can present economic and environmental costs and can contaminate or modify the product. Therefore researchers would like to develop effective methods for tuning surfactant aggregation with easily removable, economical, and environmentally benign stimuli. Supercritical or compressed CO(2) is abundant, nontoxic, and nonflammable and can be recycled easily after use. Compressed CO(2) is quite soluble in many liquids, and the solubility depends on pressure and temperature. Therefore researchers can continuously influence the properties of liquid solvents by controlling the pressure or temperature of CO(2). In this Account, we briefly review our recent studies on tuning the aggregation behaviors of surfactants in different media using supercritical or compressed CO(2). Supercritical or compressed CO(2) serves as a versatile regulator of a variety of properties of surfactant assemblies. Using CO(2), we can switch the micellization of surfactants in water, adjust the properties of reverse micelles, enhance the stability of vesicles, and modify the switching transition between different surfactant assemblies. We can also tune the properties of emulsions, induce the formation of nanoemulsions, and construct novel microemulsions. With these CO(2)-responsive surfactant assemblies, we have synthesized functional materials, optimized chemical reaction conditions, and enhanced extraction and separation efficiencies. Compared with the conventional solid or liquid additives, CO(2) shows some obvious advantages as an agent for modifying surfactant aggregation. We can adjust the aggregation behaviors continuously by pressure and can easily remove CO(2) without contaminating the product, and the method is environmentally benign. We can explain the mechanisms for these effects on surfactant aggregation in terms of molecular interactions. These studies expand the areas of colloid and interface science, supercritical fluid science and technology, and chemical thermodynamics. We hope that the work will influence other fundamental and applied research in these areas. |
---
abstract: 'The effect of shear flow on mode selection and the length scale of patterns formed in a nonlinear auto-catalytic reaction-diffusion model is investigated. We predict analytically the existence of transverse and longitudinal modes. The type of the selected mode strongly depends on the difference in the flow rates of the participating species, quantified by the differential flow parameter. New spatial structures are obtained by varying the length scale of individual modes and superposing them via the differential flow parameter. Our predictions are in line with numerical results obtained from lattice Boltzmann simulations.'
author:
- 'S.G. Ayodele'
- 'D. Raabe'
- 'F. Varnik'
title: Shear flow controlled mode selection in a nonlinear autocatalytic medium
---
[^1]
INTRODUCTION {#sec:Intro}
============
Reaction-diffusion models of excitable media are known to give rise to spatially and/or temporally varying patterns under certain conditions. The formation of these patterns in stationary media can be explained based on a mechanism first proposed by Turing [@Turing1952]. However, in moving excitable media, the mechanism of pattern formation, length scale of the patterns formed and the type of patterns selected can be significantly different from the stationary case. Under a constant uniform flow for instance, differences in the flow rates of the participating reacting species can spatially disengage the species leading to the well known differential flow instability (DIFI) mechanisms [@Andrésen1999; @Kaern1999; @Kaern2000; @Kaern2002; @Stucchi2013]. Patterns formed from this mechanism are known to be entirely different from those resulting from the Turing mechanism occurring in stationary media. In a linear shear flow, the effect of the distribution of fluid velocities has been shown to give rise to another mechanism of pattern formation which does not require differences in flow rate of the reacting species or the fulfillment of Turing condition [@Evans1980; @Spiegel1984; @Vasquez2004; @Kuptsov2005]. The assumption of a reacting fluid comoving with the average flow velocity is not sufficient to explain these effects. A variety of different approaches have been proposed to study this problem. In Ref. [@Vasquez2008], for example, a system of two coupled layers, moving at a constant velocity with respect to one another, is considered. This approach reproduces some of the key features of pattern formation in a shear flow including situations where the reactants move at different flow rates but with the same diffusion rate [@Stucchi2013]. However, these studies are performed for a piecewise defined velocity and differential flow rates for a 1D model and do not include the combined effects of shear, differential advection and differential diffusivity of the reacting species on pattern selection. The roles played by both differential advection and diffusion of the reacting species on pattern selection can often not be separated. As we have recently shown [@Ayodele2011; @Ayodele2013], such a situation may be relevant when modeling, e.g., growth kinetics and spatial distribution of vegetation [@Stelt2012; @Dagbovie2014]. In this case, one of the reacting species (water) undergoes convection while the other component (vegetation) is transported via diffusion only. Other examples here are interaction of a flowing chemical species with another chemical species bound to a catalytic surface as in packed bed reactors [@Yakhnin1996; @Menzinger2004] or cell polarization in developmental biology [@Goehring2011].
In this work, we address this issue both analytically as well as via 2D numerical simulation of the nonlinear equations. Via a linear stability analysis of the advection-diffusion-reaction equations, we first determine the dispersion relation for the growth rate of perturbations for an arbitrary differential flow parameter. A simple scaling ansatz then allows to also include the effect of shear rate in the characteristic length scale of the patterns. We find that, by tuning the differential flow parameter, it is possible to select between transverse, longitudinal or mixed modes. In the latter case, the interaction of the selected modes can give rise to interesting novel structures, where the underlying length scale is tuned by shear rate.
The Model {#sec:Model}
=========
As a prototypical example, we choose the two species Gray-Scott model with an advection term to illustrate the effect of shear flow on pattern formation. The most general situation, as observed in aqueous solutions of reactants, is the coupling of the nonlinear reaction to the ambient fluid flow via the density or viscosity of the fluid [@Vasquez1993; @Hejazi2010]. Such situations lead to hydrodynamic instabilities and fluxes in the horizontal layer of the reacting fluid [@Bewersdorff1987]. Rather than considering this case, we focus here on the simple situation of the so called ’passive advection’, where the flow field is imposed externally and decoupled from the reacting species. The resulting advection-diffusion-reaction (ADR) equation describing the transport of the two species A and B can then be written as [@Ayodele2011]
$$\begin{aligned}
\tau_A\frac{\partial A}{\partial t}+\tau_A{\ensuremath{\bm{u}}}\cdot\nabla A &=& \left( 1-A\right) -B^{2}A+\tau_A D_{A}\nabla^{2}A, \label{eq:adr1A}\\
\tau_B\frac{\partial B}{\partial t}+\tau_B\delta {\ensuremath{\bm{u}}}\cdot \nabla B &=& - B +\eta B^{2}A+\tau_B D_{B}\nabla^{2}B,
\label{eq:adr1B}\end{aligned}$$
where $A=A(x,y,t)$ and $B=B(x,y,t)$ are the dimensionless concentrations of the interacting species. The time scales $\tau_A$ and $\tau_B$ are the characteristic time for the addition and removal of the species A and B respectively. They are related to the rate constants $k_f$ and $k_2$ as, $\tau_A =1/k_f$ and $\tau_B=1/(k_f+k_2)$ [@Ayodele2011]. The parameter $\eta$ sets the activation of the interacting species and is related to the reaction rate constants $k_1$ as $\eta = A_{0}(k_{1}k_{f})^{1/2}/(k_{f}+k_{2})$ [@Ayodele2011]. $D_A$ and $D_B$ are the diffusion coefficient of the two species and ${\ensuremath{\bm{u}}}(x,y)$ is the local flow velocity. The parameter $\delta$, designated here as the differential flow parameter, is the ratio of the flow rates of the two interacting species. For simplicity, we consider here the flow between two parallel walls driven either by gravity (Poiseuille) or by the relative motion of the walls with respect to one another (Couette). For the Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile reads ${\ensuremath{\bm{u}}}(y) = u(
y) \hat{{\ensuremath{\bm{x}}}} = (6u_\text{avg}/L^2_y) y (L_y-y) \hat{{\ensuremath{\bm{x}}}}$. Here, $\hat{{\ensuremath{\bm{x}}}}$ is the unit vector along the $x$ direction, $u_\text{avg}$ is the average fluid velocity and $L_y$ denotes the channel width. For the planar Couette flow, ${\ensuremath{\bm{u}}}(y) = \dot{\gamma} y \hat{{\ensuremath{\bm{x}}}} $, with a constant shear rate, $\dot{\gamma}$.
In the absence of advection, the system in [Eqs. (\[eq:adr1A\]) and (\[eq:adr1B\])]{} admits three spatially homogeneous steady state solutions [@Ayodele2011]. The first solution is the trivial homogeneous state $B_{e}=0$, $A_{e} = 1$ and exists for all system parameters. The other two solutions exist provided that the parameter $\eta > 2$. They are given by $$A^{\pm}_{e} = \dfrac{\eta\pm\sqrt{\eta^{2}-4}}{2\eta},\qquad \text{and}\qquad B^{\pm}_{e} = \dfrac{\eta\mp\sqrt{\eta^{2}-4}}{2}.
\label{eq:adr2}$$ These solutions are destabilized by Turing and/or Hopf instability, leading to spatially and/or temporally varying structures. The conditions for Turing and Hopf instabilities in the system are $D_A/D_B>(\tau_B/\tau_A)\eta B^-$ and $\tau_A/\tau_B>\eta B^-$, respectively [@Ayodele2013].
Results {#sec:Results}
=======
Numerical simulation
--------------------
A first glance of flow effects on the resulting patterns is obtained by solving [Eqs. (\[eq:adr1A\]) and (\[eq:adr1B\])]{} numerically in a rectangular domain with an imposed Poiseuille flow along the $x$-direction. The numerical solution is performed with the lattice Boltzmann method [@succi2001]. Via a multiscale expansion analysis, we have shown in a previous work that, adding appropriate reaction terms to the standard lattice Boltzmann method allows to recover [Eqs. (\[eq:adr1A\]) and (\[eq:adr1B\])]{} [@Ayodele2013]. The channel dimension is $100 \times 30$ lattice units. Periodic boundary condition is applied along the flow direction. At the walls of the channel, a no-flux boundary condition is imposed for the concentration field, while the no-slip condition is applied to the fluid velocity. The initial condition consists of a random perturbation to the steady state solution [Eq. (\[eq:adr2\])]{} at the channel inlet. Note that this is different from a fixed profile as used in [@Kuptsov2005]. The diffusion coefficients of the two species are chosen such that the ratio $D_A/D_B$ satisfies the condition for Turing instability [@Ayodele2011].
![(Color online) Patterns obtained from numerical simulations of the model at different differential flow parameters, (a) $\delta$ = 0, (b) $\delta$ = 1, (c) $\delta$ = 0.7 \[excitation of both the modes in (a) and (b)\]. (d) $\delta$ = 0.7\[consisting of the mode in (a) and a mode similar to (b) but containing a single stripe\]. The system parameters are chosen as $\eta = 2.1988$,$D_A/D_B=8.0$,$\tau_A/\tau_B = 2.744$ and $\dot\gamma =0.001$ and are the same in each panel except in (d) where $D_A/D_B=4.0$.[]{data-label="fig:modes"}](Fig1a.eps)
Results obtained from these simulations are depicted in [Fig. \[fig:modes\]]{}. We observe longitudinal and transverse modes and superposition thereof depending on the value of the differential flow parameter. Note that these patterns are stable and steady over time compared to the time for the slowly diffusing species to sample the width of the channel (i.e. for $t \sim L^2_y/D_B$). Here, “transverse” and “longitudinal” refer to the orientation of the wavefront with respect to the flow direction. If the wavefront is perpendicular (parallel) to the flow direction then the mode is called transverse (longitudinal). Above a critical shear rate, advecting one of the species, while keeping the other immobile ($\delta =0$) leads to a transverse mode with wave vector ${\ensuremath{\bm{q}}}=(q_x,0)$ ([Fig. \[fig:modes\]]{}(a)). Further increase in the shear rate does not change the type of the mode selected, it however leads to the change in wavelength of the pattern. Advecting the two species at the same flow rate ($\delta =1$) leads to longitudinal modes with wave vector ${\ensuremath{\bm{q}}}=(0, q_y)$ ([Fig. \[fig:modes\]]{}(b)). In this case, both the type of the selected mode and its wavelength are independent of shear rate. For $1<\delta<0$, both the longitudinal and transverse modes are exited, giving rise to interesting spatial structures as exemplified in Figs. \[fig:modes\](c) and (d). Figure \[fig:modes\](c), for instance, is obtained from the interaction of the four stripe transverse mode in (a) with the two stripe longitudinal mode in (b), while the structure in (d) is obtained from the interaction of the four stripe transverse mode in (a) with a single-stripe longitudinal mode.
Shear dispersion effects
------------------------
The structures observed above in [Fig. \[fig:modes\]]{} are due to the inhomogeneity of the flow [@Ayodele2013]. To rationalize the dispersion effect introduced by the inhomogeneous flow field, we note that the characteristic time scales for the addition and removal of the species A and B are $\tau_A$ and $\tau_B$. Within these time scales, species diffuse over length scales $l_A = (2D_A\tau_A)^{1/2}$ and $l_B = (2D_B\tau_B)^{1/2}$. We have shown in previous work that these length scales determine the characteristic length of the resulting patterns in the absence of flow [@Ayodele2011]. Here we go one step further and show that modification of these length scales by the flow provides a simple way of tuning the characteristic length of the pattern along the flow direction and incorporating the effect of shear flow. For this purpose, we consider thermal diffusion of a particle of species A across streamlines of different velocities. Within a time scale of the order of $\tau_A$, the particle diffuses a distance of the order of $\Delta y_0 = \sqrt{2 D_
A \
\tau_A}$ and experiences a change in the flow velocity of the order of $\Delta u = \dot\gamma \Delta y_0$. Its displacement along the direction of flow thus contains both a contribution due to thermal motion, $\Delta x_0$, and from the change of flow velocity, $\Delta x^{\text{flow}}_A=\tau_A\Delta u_A=\tau_A\dot\gamma\Delta y_0$. One can, therefore, write $$\begin{aligned}
(l^{\text{eff}}_{x,A})^2 &=& \langle(\Delta x_{0}+\Delta x^{\text{flow}})^{2}\rangle \nonumber\\
&=& 2 D_A \tau_A + (\tau_A \dot{\gamma})^2 2 D_A \tau_A \equiv 2 {D^{\text{eff}}}_{x,A} \tau_A \label{eq:DeffA}\\
l^{\text{eff}}_{x,A} &=& l_A \sqrt{1 + (\tau_A \dot{\gamma})^2},
\label{eq:lA}\end{aligned}$$ where we used the isotropy of thermal diffusion and the fact that the displacements due to the flow and diffusion are not correlated $\langle\Delta x_{0} \Delta x^{\text{flow}}\rangle=0$. The last equality in [Eq. (\[eq:DeffA\])]{} defines the flow-enhanced effective diffusion coefficient along the flow direction ${D^{\text{eff}}}_{x,A} = D_A \big[ 1 + (\tau_A \dot{\gamma})^2 \big]$. Similarly, and noting that $\Delta u_B=\dot\gamma\Delta y_0 \delta$, one obtains for the species B, $$l^{\text{eff}}_{x,B} = l_B \sqrt{ 1 + (\tau_B \dot{\gamma}\delta)^2}
\label{eq:lB}$$ and ${D^{\text{eff}}}_{x,B} = D_B \big[ 1 + (\tau_B \dot{\gamma}\delta)^2 \big]$. It is noteworthy that our results differ from the well-known Taylor dispersion by the fact that effective diffusion in the former continuously increases with time ($D^\text{eff, Taylor}(t)=D[1+(\dot\gamma t)^2]$) [@Varnik2007], while in our case, characteristic time scales $\tau_A$ and $\tau_B$ set a limit to this process.
The validity of [Eq. (\[eq:lA\])]{} is examined by choosing $\delta = 0$, and performing series of simulations for two different flow situations; a planar Couette flow and a Poiseuille flow between two planar plates. The effective characteristic length scale $l_A$ is obtained from the simulation results by computing the characteristic wavelength $\lambda$ for each pattern. As shown by linear analysis of the ADR equations for a constant uniform flow[@Ayodele2013], the wavelength of the patterns is related to the characteristic length scale $l_A$ via ($q=2\pi/\lambda$)
$$q^2 =\frac{(l^{\text{eff}}_{x,A}/l_{B})^2 u^2_{\text{avg}} - \eta B_e}{2(l^{\text{eff}}_{x,A})^2}.
\label{eq:lambda_c}$$
Investigating the case $\delta = 0$ allows one to focus on the modulation of species A, while species B is immobilized ($l^{\text{eff}}_{x,B} = l_B$). As seen from [Fig. \[fig:lA\]]{}, the simple scaling theory accounts quite well for the variation of the characteristic length of the pattern with the flow. It is noteworthy that, while shear rate is constant across the channel in the first case, it varies linearly with distance from the channel center in the case of the Poiseuille flow. Here, the shear rate appearing in [Eq. (\[eq:lA\])]{} is estimated by taking the ratio of the average flow velocity to the plate separation, $\bar{\dot\gamma}=u_{\text{avg}}/H$. The good agreement between theory and simulation in this case ([Fig. \[fig:lA\]]{}) underlines the robustness of the scaling analysis, leading to [Eq. (\[eq:lA\])]{}.
![(Color online) Simulation results on the characteristic pattern length along the flow direction, $l^{\text{eff}}_{x,A}$ (symbols), versus the prediction of the simple scaling theory, [Eq. (\[eq:lA\])]{} (solid lines). The simulation parameters are chosen as $\delta =0$, $l_A/l_B = 4.75$, $\tau_A = 3030$, $\tau_B = 1104$ and $\eta = 2.1988$. The initial configuration in all cases shown in the panel correspond to random perturbations added to the homogeneous steady state [Eq. (\[eq:adr2\])]{} at the inlet of the channel. Panel (a) shows the result obtained for a simple shear flow (planar Couette geometry), where the shear rate is constant across the channel. Panel (b) corresponds to a parabolic velocity profile between two parallel plates (Poiseuille flow). Note that, in this case, the shear rate varies across the channel. Therefore, we use the average shear rate (defined as the mean flow velocity divided by the plate separation) when evaluating [Eq. (\[eq:lA\])]{}. Obviously, this simple scaling result provides a good approximation to the simulated data.[]{data-label="fig:lA"}](Fig2a.eps "fig:") ![(Color online) Simulation results on the characteristic pattern length along the flow direction, $l^{\text{eff}}_{x,A}$ (symbols), versus the prediction of the simple scaling theory, [Eq. (\[eq:lA\])]{} (solid lines). The simulation parameters are chosen as $\delta =0$, $l_A/l_B = 4.75$, $\tau_A = 3030$, $\tau_B = 1104$ and $\eta = 2.1988$. The initial configuration in all cases shown in the panel correspond to random perturbations added to the homogeneous steady state [Eq. (\[eq:adr2\])]{} at the inlet of the channel. Panel (a) shows the result obtained for a simple shear flow (planar Couette geometry), where the shear rate is constant across the channel. Panel (b) corresponds to a parabolic velocity profile between two parallel plates (Poiseuille flow). Note that, in this case, the shear rate varies across the channel. Therefore, we use the average shear rate (defined as the mean flow velocity divided by the plate separation) when evaluating [Eq. (\[eq:lA\])]{}. Obviously, this simple scaling result provides a good approximation to the simulated data.[]{data-label="fig:lA"}](Fig2b.eps "fig:")
While tuning the magnitude of flow allows to set the length scale of the patterns, as already shown in [Fig. \[fig:modes\]]{}, differential flow parameter, $\delta$, provides a mean to control mode selection.
In the light of the above results, this observation can be put on a more rational basis. At first order, the flow modulates the diffusion coefficient in the flow ($x$-) direction while in the $y$-direction it remains unchanged, [Eq. (\[eq:DeffA\])]{}. Incorporating this effect and non-dimensionalizing time and length in [Eqs. (\[eq:adr1A\]) and (\[eq:adr1B\])]{} with a characteristic time scale $\tau_A$ and length scale $l_A$, one can rewrite these equations as
$$\begin{aligned}
\frac{\partial A}{\partial t}+u_x \dfrac{\partial A}{\partial x}=\nonumber &=& \left( 1-A\right) -B^{2}A+\nabla^{2}A \nonumber\\
&&+(\dot{\gamma}\tau_A)^{2}\dfrac{\partial^{2} A}{\partial x^{2}},
\label{eq:adr2A}\\
\frac{1}{\tau}\frac{\partial B}{\partial t}+\frac{\delta}{\tau} u_x \dfrac{\partial B}{\partial x}&=& -B +\eta B^{2}A+\frac{1}{\varepsilon^{2}} \nabla^{2}B\nonumber\\
&&+\dfrac{(\delta\dot{\gamma}\tau_B)^{2}}{\varepsilon^{2}}\dfrac{\partial^{2} B}{\partial x^{2}},
\label{eq:adr2B}\end{aligned}$$
where $\tau =\tau_A/\tau_B $ and $ \varepsilon= l_A/l_B$.
Linear Stability Analysis
-------------------------
In order to determine the selected mode, we perform a linear stability analysis around the non-trivial homogeneous state [Eq. (\[eq:adr2\])]{} and set
$$A = A_{e}+\phi_{A}e^{\alpha \tilde{t}}e^{i(\tilde{q}_xx+\tilde{q}_yy)},\quad
B = B_{e}+\phi_{B}e^{\alpha \tilde{t}}e^{i(\tilde{q}_xx+\tilde{q}_yy)}.
\label{eq:ansatz}$$
Here, $\phi_{A}\ll A_{e} $ and $\phi_{B}\ll B_{e}$ are perturbation amplitudes and $\alpha$ is the growth rate of the perturbations. Note that the wavevectors are in dimensionless units such that $\tilde{q}_x=q_x l_A$, we have dropped the tilde symbol in subsequent discussion for clarity. Inserting this ansatz into [Eqs. (\[eq:adr2A\]) and (\[eq:adr2B\])]{}, linearizing and requiring a non-trivial solutions for $\alpha$ leads to a characteristic equation for the growth rate of type $$\alpha^{2}+(a + i b)\alpha + (c+id) = 0,
\label{eq:dispersion}$$ The coefficients $a$, $b$, $c$ and $d$ in [Eq. (\[eq:dispersion\])]{} are functions of the system parameters and the wave vector components $q_x$ and $q_y$. The coefficients are given as
$$\begin{aligned}
a &=& -q^{2}(1+\tau/\varepsilon^{2}) + (\tau-\eta B^{\pm}_{e})\nonumber \\
&&-q^{2}_x(\dot{\gamma} \tau_A)^{2}(\delta/\varepsilon^{2}+1),\nonumber \\
\label{eq:dispersion-a}\nonumber\\
b &=& -q_x u_{\text{avg}}(\delta +1),
\label{eq:dispersion-b}\nonumber\\
c&=& \tau q^{4}/\varepsilon^{2}+q^{2}(\tau\eta B^{\pm}/\varepsilon^{2}-\tau-\delta u_{\text{avg}}^{2})\nonumber\\
&&+\tau(\eta B^{\pm}_{e}-2)+\tau q^{4}_x(\dot{\gamma} \tau_A)^{2}/\varepsilon^{2}\nonumber \\
&&+ \tau q^{2}_x(\dot{\gamma} \tau_A)^{2}(\delta\eta B^{\pm}_{e}/\varepsilon^{2}-1)\nonumber\\
&& + (\tau q^{2}_xq^{2}(\dot{\gamma} \tau_A)^{2}/\varepsilon^{2})(\delta + 1),
\label{eq:dispersion-c}\nonumber \\
d &=& u_{\text{avg}}(q^{3/2}(\tau/\varepsilon^{2}+\delta )+ q(\delta \eta B^{\pm}_{e}-\tau)\nonumber\\
&&+q q^{3}_x(\dot{\gamma} \tau_A)^{2} (\delta+\delta\tau )),
\label{eq:dispersion-d}\end{aligned}$$
where ($q^{2}=q^{2}_{x}+q^{2}_{y}$).
Evaluating the roots of the polynomial in [Eq. (\[eq:dispersion\])]{} and separating the solution into the real and imaginary parts one obtains $$\begin{aligned}
\text{Re}[\alpha] &=&\dfrac{a}{2}\pm\ \dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{ r + (a^{2}-b^{2}-4c) }{2}}, \label{eq:growth_ratea}\\
\text{Im}[\alpha] &=& \dfrac{b}{2}\pm\ \dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{r-(a^{2}-b^{2}-4c)}{2}},
\label{eq:growth_rate}\end{aligned}$$ where $r = \sqrt{(a^{2}-b^{2}-4c)^{2}+(2ab-4d)^{2}}.$
A non-zero imaginary part of $\alpha$ indicates the presence of oscillations, while the real part of $\alpha$ tells us whether an infinitesimal perturbation will decay (${\ensuremath{{\text{Re}[\alpha]}}}<0$) or grow (${\ensuremath{{\text{Re}[\alpha]}}}>0$), the latter being of particular interest for pattern formation. Moreover, the mode that has the largest positive real part of $\alpha$ is most probable to be selected.
Figure \[fig:growthrate\]a shows the effect of shear rate on [${\text{Re}[\alpha]}$]{}as obtained from an evaluation of [Eq. (\[eq:dispersion\])]{}. In line with our scaling analysis of shear-induced diffusion, the wave vector associated with the fastest growing mode (maximum of [${\text{Re}[\alpha]}$]{}) decreases with increasing shear rate. Another observation from [Fig. \[fig:growthrate\]]{}a is that for a given value of $\varepsilon$, the system becomes unstable upon increasing shear rate (see $\dot\gamma > 0.00015$). An imposed shear flow thus has two effects: (i) it gives rise to new instabilities and (ii) it influences the length scale of the fastest growing mode.
![(Color online) (a) Effect of shear rate on the growth rate of the $q_x$ mode. The maximum of [${\text{Re}[\alpha]}$]{}shear rate showing a shift in the length scale of the patterns towards longer wavelength. The parameters are chosen as $q_y=0$, $\delta=0$, $\epsilon=4.75$, $\eta=2.1988$. (b) Effect of $\varepsilon$ on the growth rate of the $q_y$ mode. For $\varepsilon < \eta B_e$ $(\eta B_e = 3.421)$, the $q_y$ mode is damped. The parameters are chosen as $q_x=0$, $\delta=1.0$, $\epsilon=4.75$, $\eta=2.1988$.[]{data-label="fig:growthrate"}](Fig3.eps)
Next we turn to the effect of the differential flow parameter, $\delta$, on the selected mode. For this purpose, we recall that diffusion is enhanced along the flow ($x$-) direction only (cf. [Eqs. (\[eq:lA\]) and (\[eq:lB\])]{}). This property is nicely reflected in the $q$-dependence of the growth rate, obtained from [Eq. (\[eq:dispersion\])]{}. Indeed, we find that $\delta$ has no effect on the dependence of the real part of $\alpha$ upon $q_y$, provided that $q_x=0$. In other words, the excitation and growth of all the modes of the type ${\ensuremath{\bm{q}}}=(0,q_y)$ is independent of the differential flow parameter. As shown in [Fig. \[fig:growthrate\]]{}b, a necessary condition for the excitation and growth (${\ensuremath{{\text{Re}[\alpha]}}}> 0$) of these longitudinal modes is that $\varepsilon > \eta B^{\pm}_{e}$, since all modes with $\varepsilon < \eta B^{\pm}_{e}$ are damped. In order to control mode selection, we first tune $\varepsilon$ in such a way as to obtain a positive growth rate for a longitudinal mode (see [Fig. \[fig:growthrate\]]{}b), we then modify the growth rate associated with the transverse modes via a variation of $\delta$ (see [Fig. \[fig:growthrate2\]]{}a). As shown in [Fig. \[fig:growthrate2\]]{}b, for $\delta=0.7$, the maximum growth rate for both modes becomes identical. For this set of parameters, both modes coexist (see [Fig. \[fig:modes\]]{}c,d).
We numerically compute the stability diagram using the characteristic dispersion relation in [Eq. (\[eq:growth\_ratea\])]{}. In Figure \[fig:modes\_2D\]a we show a stability diagram of the modes, computed at parameters $\delta =0$ and $\varepsilon = 3.6$. Modes within the grey area are unstable (give rise to patterns) and can coexist or interact, while those outside are damped. To access the stability diagram in $(\varepsilon,\delta)$ plane, we consider modes with wavenumbers that fit into the typical size of our simulation domain $( q_x= 2\pi n_x/L_x, q_y = 2\pi n_y/L_y)$ and compute regions in $(\varepsilon,\delta)$ parameter space where the growth rate ${\ensuremath{{\text{Re}[\alpha]}}}> 0$. This is shown in Figure\[fig:modes\_2D\]b. In the regions designated by the ratio of the wavenumbers, the corresponding modes can coexist and interact. For instance the modes 4:2 corresponds to the observed pattern in [Fig. \[fig:modes\]]{}c, while the mode 4:1 corresponds to the one in [Fig. \[fig:modes\]]{}d. All other mode interaction can be obtained by choosing the corresponding parameters $\delta$ and $\varepsilon$ accordingly. We expect that a wide variety of complex dynamics and spatial resonances can be triggered by the interaction of these steady state modes.
![(Color online) Plot showing dispersion relations at different differential flow parameters $\delta$ (a) $q_x$ mode (b) comparison of the $q_x$ and $q_y$ mode at $\delta$ = 0.7.[]{data-label="fig:growthrate2"}](Fig4.eps)
![(Color online) Stability diagram of excited modes. (a) In the $q_x-q_y$-plane for $\delta= 0.0$ and $\varepsilon = 3.6$. Beyond the grey domain, all the modes are damped. (b) In the $(\varepsilon, \delta)$ parameter space showing the region for the wavenumbers $(n_x:n_y)$ of the modes. The system parameters are chosen as $\eta = 2.1988$, $\tau = 2.744$ and $\dot\gamma =0.001$.[]{data-label="fig:modes_2D"}](Fig5a.eps "fig:") ![(Color online) Stability diagram of excited modes. (a) In the $q_x-q_y$-plane for $\delta= 0.0$ and $\varepsilon = 3.6$. Beyond the grey domain, all the modes are damped. (b) In the $(\varepsilon, \delta)$ parameter space showing the region for the wavenumbers $(n_x:n_y)$ of the modes. The system parameters are chosen as $\eta = 2.1988$, $\tau = 2.744$ and $\dot\gamma =0.001$.[]{data-label="fig:modes_2D"}](Fig5b.eps "fig:")
In summary, the effect of shear flow on mode selection and length scale of patterns in nonlinear media is investigated. The mode selection under shear flow depends on the differential flow parameter of the participating species. Transverse and longitudinal modes are found to be selected depending on the differences in the flow rates of the participating species. Moreover, the effect of a heterogeneous shear on the underlying length scale of the patterns is accounted for via a simple scaling ansatz, which becomes exact at homogeneous shear. The predictions of the model regarding mode selection, length scale and the stability diagram are all in line with numerical simulation results.
[9]{} A.M. Turing, Philos. Trans.R.Soc. B 237,37 (1952). P. Andresen, M. Bache, E. Mosekilde, G. Dewel, and P. Borckmanns, Phys. Rev. E 60, 297 (1999). M. Kaern and M. Menzinger, Phys. Rev. E 60, R3471 (1999). M. Kaern, M. Menzinger, and A. Hunding, J. Theor. Biol. 207, 473 (2000). M. Kaern, M. Menzinger, R. Satnoianu, and A. Hunding, Faraday Discuss. 120, 295 (2002). G. T. Evans, J. Theor. Biol. 87, 297 (1980). E. A. Spiegel and S. Zaleski, Phys. Lett. 106A, 335 (1984). D. A. Vasquez, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 104501 (2004). P. V. Kuptsov, R.A. Satnoianu, P.G. Daniels, Phys. Rev. E, 72, 036216,(2005). D.A. Vasquez, J. Meyer, and H. Suedhoff, Phys. Rev. E 78, 036109 (2008). L. Stucchi and Desiderio A. Vasquez, Phys. Rev. E 87, 024902, (2013). S. G. Ayodele, F. Varnik, and D. Raabe, Phys. Rev. E 83, 016702 (2011). S. G. Ayodele, D. Raabe and F. Varnik, Commun. Comput. Phys.,13,741 (2013). S. van der Stelt, A. Doelman, G. Hek, and J. D. M. Rademacher, J. Nonlinear Sci. 23, 39 (2012). A.S. Dagbovie, J.A. Sherratt, J. R. Soc. Interface 11: 20140465 (2014) V. Z. Yakhnin, A. B. Rovinsky, M. Menzinger, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 74, 647 (1996). M. Menzinger, V. Yakhnin, A. Jaree , P.L. Silveston ,R.R. Hudgins, Chem.Eng.Sci., 59,4011,(2004). N. W. Goehring, P. Khuc Trong, J.S. Bois, D. Chowdhury, E.M. Nicola, A.A. Hyman, and S.W. Grill, Science 334, 1137 (2011). D. A. Vasquez , J. W. Wilder , and B. F. Edwards Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1538 (1993). S.H. Hejazi, P.M.J. Trevelyan, J. Azaiez and A. De Wit, J. Fluid Mech., 652, 501-528 (2010). A. Bewersdorff, P. Borckmans, S.C. Müller, Chemical pattern formation, in: H.U. Walter (Ed.), Fluid Sciences and Materials Science in Space, Springer, New York, (1987). S. Succi, The lattice Boltzmann Equation: for Fluid Dynamics and Beyond, Oxford University Press, (2001). F. Varnik, AIP, CP volume [**982**]{}, page 160 (5th International Workshop on Complex Systems, 25-28 September 2007, Sendai, Japan).
[^1]: Corresponding author: fathollah.varnik@rub.de
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Q:
.NET Profiler enter/leave function hooks does not get called in case of exception
I am building a .Net Profiler for some custom requirement.
I want to hook at Enter and Leave for some specific methods. To achieve this, I have tried below two approaches.
IL Rewrite - I am able to inject the custom code at both the places. It is successfully getting injected and calling the custom code. I am also able to get the input arguments, 'this' and return value. Injecting at the Enter is not much difficult. However, it's complex to inject at Leave as there could be return at multiple places in a method. I have to inject the code at every place where return statement is written.
It's bit complex but somewhat doable. But, if there any exception, the execution is not reaching to return statement and hence my injected code is not getting invoked.
Subscribe to Enter/Leave through SetEnterLeaveFunctionHooks2 in ICorProfilerInfo2 as per the sample code given here.
In both the cases, hook at the Leave is not getting invoked in case of exception in the method.
How to handle this? I want a return value in all the scenarios. In case of an exception, I should know there is an exception; I will consider as 'No return value'. Probably, I may need exception details as well.
Below is a sample method. I want to hook at Enter and Leave for GetString method. It has multiple returns. I am able to capture the return value in a normal scenario. But in case of exception, execution stops immediately and due to that the hook at return is not getting invoked.
public int GetInt()
{
//int retVal = 10;
int retVal = 1010;
//throw new Exception("test");
return retVal;
}
public string GetString()
{
var retunValue = "Return string ";
if (GetInt() > 100)
{
retunValue += " inside IF > 100";
return retunValue;
}
return retunValue + " at last return";
}
A:
To get the exception notification when using IL re-writing, you need to inject a try-finally or try-catch-throw. Since the ret instruction is not valid within a try block, you will need to replace them with a leave instruction that branches to an instruction after the inserted exception handler and return from there.
Another option is to include COR_PRF_MONITOR_EXCEPTIONS in your call to SetEventMask and listen on the ExceptionUnwindFunctionEnter and ExceptionUnwindFunctionLeave callbacks. These callbacks don't include the thrown exception however. You could track the exception from ExceptionThrown, but this may be misleading when an exception leaves a filter block as the runtime will treat it as returning false and continue with the previous exception, but IIRC, there is no callback to indicate when this happens.
|
Q:
Transfer JavaScript to jquery not working
I collect a script to display facebook type multiply chat box. In this JavaScript code I used a Iframe to load chat page. But now a want to avoid iframe, and I am not enough knowledge about JavaScript.
So have any way to load my chat page by JavaScript for this script. OR if I transfer this script at jquery where is my problem below please?
JavaScript :
function register_popup(id, name, cmd, pmd)
{
for(var iii = 0; iii < popups.length; iii++)
{
//already registered. Bring it to front.
if(id == popups[iii])
{
Array.remove(popups, iii);
popups.unshift(id);
calculate_popups();
return;
}
}
var element = '<div class="popup-box chat-popup cy'+id+'" id="'+ id +'">';
//if avoid iframe how to load chat page
element = element + '<div class="popup-messages"><iframe src="../chat.php?u='+ cmd +'" frameborder="0" id="iFrame1" name="CmainFrame" width="100%" height="249" style="overflow:hidden" class="if'+ cmd +'"></div></div>';
document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0].innerHTML = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0].innerHTML + element;
popups.unshift(id);
calculate_popups();
}
function calculate_popups()
{
var width = window.innerWidth;
if(width < 540)
{
total_popups = 0;
}
else
{
width = width - 200;
//320 is width of a single popup box
total_popups = parseInt(width/320);
}
display_popups();
}
function display_popups()
{
var right = 220;
var iii = 0;
for(iii; iii < total_popups; iii++)
{
if(popups[iii] != undefined)
{
var element = document.getElementById(popups[iii]);
element.style.right = right + "px";
right = right + 320;
element.style.display = "block";
}
}
for(var jjj = iii; jjj < popups.length; jjj++)
{
var element = document.getElementById(popups[jjj]);
element.style.display = "none";
}
}
//recalculate when window is loaded and also when window is resized.
window.addEventListener("resize", calculate_popups);
window.addEventListener("load", calculate_popups);
//this function can remove a array element.
Array.remove = function(array, from, to) {
var rest = array.slice((to || from) + 1 || array.length);
array.length = from < 0 ? array.length + from : from;
return array.push.apply(array, rest);
};
Tried as jquery:
function register_popup(id, name, cmd, pmd)
{
for(var iii = 0; iii < popups.length; iii++)
{
//already registered. Bring it to front.
if(id == popups[iii])
{
Array.remove(popups, iii);
popups.unshift(id);
calculate_popups(); //alert(popups(id));
return;
}
}
$("<div></div>").attr('id',id).append('<div class="popup-box chat-popup cy'+id+'" id="'+ id +'"><div class="popup-messages"><div id="iFrame1" name="CmainFrame" width="100%" height="249" style="overflow:hidden" class="if'+ cmd +'"><object type="text/html" data="../chat.php?u='+ cmd +'"></div></div></div>');
popups.unshift(id);
calculate_popups();
}
function display_popups()
{
var right = 220;
var iii = 0;
for(iii; iii < total_popups; iii++)
{
if(popups[iii] != undefined)
{
right = 220 + 320;
$("#"+popups[iii]).css({"display": "block", "right": "right"}).show();
}
}
for(var jjj = iii; jjj < popups.length; jjj++)
{
$("#"+popups[jjj]).css("display", "none");
}
}
//others function remain same
A:
I didn't closely analyse your code, but I did notice this:
$("<div></div>").attr('id',id).append('<div class="popup-box chat-popup cy'+id+'" id="'+ id +'"><div class="popup-messages"><div id="iFrame1" name="CmainFrame" width="100%" height="249" style="overflow:hidden" class="if'+ cmd +'"><object type="text/html" data="../Cchat.php?u='+ cmd +'"></div></div></div>');
I don't know what you think that is going to do, but what it does do is create a div, assign it an id, give some children, and then throw the whole thing away. Did you want to insert it somewhere?
Edit:
For example, you could write:
$("body").append('<div class="popup-box chat-popup cy'+id+'"...
(Find the body and insert in the new div at its bottom.)
or
$("#" + id).append('<div class="popup-box chat-popup cy'+id+'"...
(Find the existing div with the given ID append the new div to it.)
|
Q:
Connecting buttons to mainwindows slot
I tried to do a bunch of research on how to solve this problem, and everything is slightly different than my situation, or didn't work to fix my problem. I will start off by explaining my main goal. I have a main window with 7 buttons on it(amongst other things), when you hit each button, it closes out the current window and opens up a new window. All the windows will have the same 7 buttons, so you can go between each window. With all windows having the exact same 7 buttons, I wanted to set up a function that each class can call to set up each button and connect to a slot() in my mainwindow.cpp(called setupSubsystemButtons in example below). The actual buttons are being placed there, but they only work when pressed from my mainwindow.cpp....when I press them from a different class nothing happens.
mainwindow.h
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QtWidgets>
#include <QDialog>
namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}
class MainWindow : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
QWidget *window;
void setupSubsystemButtons(QGridLayout *layout);
~MainWindow();
private:
Ui::MainWindow *ui;
QLineEdit *tempValueBox;
QLineEdit *humidityValueBox;
QLineEdit *c02ValueBox;
...
public slots:
void ECSgeneralScreen();
void homeScreen();
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
mainwindow.cpp
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include "ecsgeneralcommand.h"
#include <QtWidgets>
#include <QtCore>
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QDialog(parent)
{
QGridLayout *layout = new QGridLayout;
...
setLayout(layout);
}
void MainWindow::ECSgeneralScreen()
{
ECSgeneralCommand *ECSgeneral = new ECSgeneralCommand;
this->close();
ECSgeneral->show();
//opens up the ECS screen
}
void MainWindow::homeScreen()
{
MainWindow *home = new MainWindow;
this->close();
home->show();
//opens up the home screen
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
delete ui;
}
void MainWindow::setupSubsystemButtons(QGridLayout *layout)
{
//Push Button Layout
homeScreenButton = new QPushButton("Home");
layout->addWidget(homeScreenButton, 3, 11);
connect(homeScreenButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(homeScreen()));
ECSgeneralScreenButton = new QPushButton("General");
layout->addWidget(ECSgeneralScreenButton,5,11);
connect(ECSgeneralScreenButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(ECSgeneralScreen()));
}
ecsgeneralcommand.h
#ifndef ECSGENERALCOMMAND_H
#define ECSGENERALCOMMAND_H
#include <QDialog>
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QtWidgets>
#include <QObject>
#include "mainwindow.h"
class ECSgeneralCommand : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit ECSgeneralCommand(MainWindow *parent = 0);
private:
...
public slots:
};
#endif // ECSGENERALCOMMAND_H
ecsgeneralcommand.cpp
#include "ecsgeneralcommand.h"
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QtWidgets>
#include <QtCore>
ECSgeneralCommand::ECSgeneralCommand(MainWindow *parent) : QDialog(parent)
{
QGridLayout *layout = new QGridLayout;
QWidget::setFixedHeight(600);
QWidget::setFixedWidth(550);
...
MainWindow setupButtons;
//Setup Subsystem Buttons
setupButtons.setupSubsystemButtons(layout);
setLayout(layout);
};
A:
MainWindow setupButtons;
//Setup Subsystem Buttons
setupButtons.setupSubsystemButtons(layout);
This will create the buttons and connect their signals to slots of setupButtons, which will get deleted as soon as it's out of scope (the end of the ECSgeneralCommand constructor). So your buttons will be left connected to nothing.
You need to connect the button signals to an object that will exist at the time the button is pressed, such as the ECSgeneralCommand itself. Then it could close itself and spawn the correct window.
Or, possibly a much better solution, if applicable for your application: Use a single main window, with a QStackedWidget that switches widgets when a button is pressed. That's what's typically done.
|
Smoking behavior among adolescents in Thailand and Malaysia.
The objective of this study was to examine the smoking behavior among adolescents in Thailand and Malaysia. Population-based, national surveys were conducted among 1,704 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 from Thailand (n = 927) and Malaysia (n = 777). Respondents were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Respondents were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires. Approximately 5% of Thai and Malaysian adolescents were current smokers, while an additional 8.6% of Thai and 8.1% of Malaysian adolescents reported being beginning smokers. On average, Thai smokers reported first smoking a whole cigarette at 14.6 years old (SD = 1.9), while Malaysian smokers at age 13.9 years (SD = 2.2). More than half of Thai smokers (60.4%) reported they bought cigarettes themselves and 29.9% got cigarettes from friends. In Malaysia, most smokers (68.3%) reported they bought cigarettes themselves, only 20.7% got cigarettes from friends. Seventy-six percent of Thai adolescent smokers smoked factory-made brands as their usual brand compared to 27.7% of Malaysian adolescent smokers. Eight percent of Thai adolescents and 10% of Malaysian adolescents reported smoking hand-rolled cigarettes. Approximately half of Thais and more than 40% of Malaysian smokers reported they tried to quit smoking within the past month. The smoking prevalence of Thai adolescents is close to that of Malaysian adolescents. Factory-made cigarette consumption is an important problem in Thai adolescents and needs to be targeted. |
The present invention relates to a mechanism for drilling holes, specifically aerospace and aircraft structure holes. More specifically, the present invention relates to a portable numerically controlled (N/C) water-jet driller.
Aerospace and aircraft structures contain numerous pre-drilled holes, specifically fastener holes, which are drilled through the skin and substructure. These holes must be accurately located and have excellent finish quality in order to meet the stringent requirements necessary for structural fastening in aircraft and aerospace applications.
Current hole drilling devices pose several problems and difficulties. These problems include slow drilling rates, mislocated hole position, and high capital and facilities costs. These drilling devices include N/C drill towers, pneumatic feed drill motors and backup-tooled drilling machines.
N/C drill towers are numerically controlled drilling machines that are large, vertical mills on massive tracks that drill fastener holes in airframe structures. Several brands of N/C drill towers are available, such as the Jobes(trademark) driller (known as the precision drill center), which is currently utilized to drill F-22 wing skins. Though highly accurate, these machines have slow drilling rates, while requiring large capital investments and extensive facilities modifications. Drilling rate is typically defined, but without limitation, as the quantity of holes that can be drilled per hour (including time allocated for part fixturing, driller alignment, teardown and maintenance.) The drilling rate with N/C drill towers is further reduced when structural deflection caused by drilling forces acting against the structure being drilled limits the drilling force that the machine can impart to the structure being drilled (thereby limiting drilling rate).
Pneumatic feed drill motors are devices that are hand aligned into drill guides or drill templates that position the drill motor over the intended hole location. Typical models utilized on an aerospace or aircraft production floor are the Spacematic(trademark), Peck(trademark), and Quackenbush(trademark) drill motors. Pneumatic feed drill motors suffer from slow drilling rates, mislocated and poor quality holes.
Backup-tooled drilling machines are numerically controlled and can drill accurate, high quality holes. These machines also have fast drilling rates because the high drilling forces are nullified by a movable backup structure that is repositioned for each hole by the drilling machine. Production backup-tooled drilling machines include the Electro-impact(trademark) (used on the Boeing 737(trademark)) and Flexible Assembly System (used on the Boeing F/A-18E/F). The primary limitations of this type of driller are high capital costs, high maintenance costs, excessive floor space, U and O costs, and long procurement and facilities lead times.
Other types of drilling machines or methods such as high power lasers that remove material with heat or thermal energy, cause mechanical stresses on the cut surface and can emit hazardous materials or vapors.
For the foregoing reasons, there is a need for a new portable N/C water-jet driller.
The instant invention is directed to a portable N/C water-jet driller that satisfies the needs enumerated above and below.
The present invention is directed to a portable N/C water-jet driller. The portable N/C water-jet driller includes an agile water-jet driller end effector and a numerically controlled apparatus for placing the water-jet driller end effector within a region of the hole to be drilled. The agile water-jet driller end effector communicates with the numerically controlled apparatus.
It is an object of the invention to provide a portable N/C water-jet driller that can drill fast, accurate, high quality holes with reduced capital, maintenance and facilities costs.
It is an object of the invention to provide a portable N/C water-jet driller that does not require excessive floor space.
It is an object of the invention to provide a portable N/C water-jet driller that improves the assembly process, particularly the assembly process of aircraft, by greatly reducing the drilling forces required to create fastener holes.
It is an object of the invention to provide a portable N/C water-jet driller that does not require an indexing tool. Indexing tools are typically defined as hard templates or drill guides that guide the location of the hole on the structure being drilled.
It is an object of the invention to provide a portable N/C water-jet driller that combines the invasive drilling capability of a water-jet cutter with the labor savings of a numerically controlled machine.
It is an object of the invention to provide a portable N/C water-jet driller that does not utilize or emit any noxious gases or liquids and does not create hazardous materials or vapors. It is another object of the present invention to provide a portable N/C water-jet driller that removes material using a non-thermal process.
It is an object of the invention to provide a portable N/C water-jet driller that allows most fixturing tools to be eliminated because the driller imparts virtually no deflecting force during drilling. Fixturing tools are rigid devices that are usually permanently floor mounted that have precisely machined features that captivate or clamp structural components into precise 3-dimensional orientations. Generally, lower drill forces allow for small, lightweight, less expensive fixturing tools.
It is an object of the invention to provide a portable N/C water-jet driller that does not leave any heat-affected zones or mechanical stresses on the cut surface. |
Fox News Caught Lying Again–Misleading Americans This Way Should Be Criminal
I was at the gym yesterday killing myself on the elliptical machine in complete and utter pain. One of the monitors was on Fox News. I saw the “AMERICA’S NOT WORKING” graphic plastered on the screen and had to do a double take.
You see I study these numbers and knew it was bogus. Well note that Fox News corrected the chart today. They did it extremely quickly and without fanfare.
It is not hard to understand why Fox News’ viewers are some of the most uninformed. The problem is that the airwaves belong to us all and we should not allow news channels to patently lie like Fox News does.
False Graphics (2012-09-10)
Corrected Graphics (2012-09-12)
There is another blatant lie in the False Graphics. How can one possibly define unemployment rate for government workers. That is a bogus statement meant to mislead Americans into believing that the Obama administration is somehow biased to government employment. Unemployment is all encompassing. You cannot say government unemployment and private sector unemployment as every American can work in either sphere.
Anyone who watches Fox News is willfully allowing themselves to be misinformed. These are serious times where accurate and truthful information is imperative.
The show’s mistake was to compare the official unemployment figure in 2009 with the so-called "real" unemployment figure in 2012. That figure takes into account data which is not included in the official number, such as people who have stopped looking for work. Thus, it is always higher than the official figure. (Official unemployment is actually .3 percentage points higher than in 2009, while "real" unemployment is .7 percentage points lower.
Fox News told Mediaite that a correction will air on tomorrow’s "Fox & Friends." |
Stanislav Yezhov, a longtime aide to Groysman, was arrested by Ukraine’s Special Security Service and is expected to be charged with treason. A court ruled Friday that Yezhov will remain in custody during an investigation into the allegations.
AD
According to the Kyiv Post, member of parliament Anton Geraschenko said he believed that Yezhov, who was detained in Kiev, Ukraine’s capital, on Wednesday, has been working for Russian intelligence services for at least two years.
Yezhov is visible in photos taken on Oct. 31 in Trudeau’s office at the Canadian Parliament when the prime minister met privately with Groysman. A Trudeau spokesman declined to comment other than to say that Yezhov was part of the Ukrainian delegation and that Canada had its own interpreter in the room, according to the Canadian Broadcasting Corp.
Daniel Livermore, a retired Canadian ambassador and onetime director-general of security and intelligence for Canada’s Foreign Ministry, said the arrest shows a “serious breach, but it’s a breach on the Ukrainian side.”
AD
AD
Livermore said it would be “totally irresponsible” for the Ukrainians to allow Yezhov to participate in an official delegation if they had suspicions he might be a spy.
“Assuming they knew and didn’t tell us, we ought to go back and tell them, ‘This cannot happen,’ ” he said. “We should be really pissed off.”
He said that in these situations, friendly countries do not conduct security checks on members of visiting delegations. If the Ukrainians had alerted Canadian authorities of any suspicions about the interpreter, he would not have been allowed in the room, Livermore said.
Yezhov also accompanied the Ukrainian prime minister during private talks with British Prime Minister Theresa May in July. During a visit to Poland on Thursday, May told journalists that she was aware of the reports and said the action taken against the interpreter “is a matter for Ukrainian authorities.” Yezhov also was the interpreter at a meeting last year between the Ukrainian prime minister and Vice President Joe Biden.
AD
AD
Yezhov, 39, once worked for the Russian-backed Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych, who was overthrown in 2014.
Just this week, Canadian Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland, who, like more than 1 million Canadians, is of Ukrainian origin, was in Kiev to announce $8 million in humanitarian aid to the country. She did not comment on the arrest. |
Ye Zhemin
Ye Zhemin (; 1924 – 2 January 2018), also romanized as Yeh Che-min, was a Chinese art historian and authority on the history of Chinese ceramics and calligraphy. He is credited with making a discovery that led to the identification of Qingliangsi as the kiln site for the rare Ru ware of the Song dynasty. His published works include the extensive History of Chinese Pottery and Porcelain.
Life and career
Ye Zhemin was born in 1924 into a Manchu family that descended from the Qing dynasty poet Nalan Xingde. His father, Ye Linzhi 叶麟趾, was a historian of Chinese ceramics who discovered the Ding ware kiln site. Ye studied history of ceramics with his father from a young age, and later attended Peking University, where he studied art and calligraphy under Xu Beihong, , and Pu Xinyu.
After graduation from university, Ye worked at the Palace Museum (Forbidden City) for 16 years. He conducted research at many of China's ancient kiln sites with ceramics experts Chen Wanli 陈万里, Sun Yingzhou 孙瀛洲, and .
In 1978, Ye was transferred to (now Academy of Arts and Design, Tsinghua University) to teach history of Chinese ceramics and history of Chinese calligraphy. In the 1980s and 1990s, he also served as an adjunct professor at Peking University and the Central Academy of Fine Arts, and taught as a visiting professor at more than 10 universities abroad. The lectures he gave in Europe were collectively published in the book Chinese Ceramics in 2000.
Contributions
In 1977, while surveying the Qingliangsi archaeological site in Baofeng County, Henan, Ye found a sherd of pottery that was typical of Ru ware. Ru ware is an extremely rare and precious type of pottery from the Song dynasty, and scholars had spent decades searching for its kiln site. Ye brought the sherd to Guo Yanyi 郭演仪 at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, who analyzed its chemical composition and determined that it was nearly identical to that of a known Ru ware plate in the collection of the Palace Museum. The discovery was published in 1985, and Ye proposed Qingliangsi as the probable kiln site for Ru ware. Later archaeological excavations confirmed his proposition.
Ye published more than 100 research papers and over 10 monographs. His History of Chinese Pottery and Porcelain (中国陶瓷史, ), originally published in 2006, provides an extensive history of Chinese ceramics with perspectives from archaeology. His other books include A General Overview of the History of Chinese Calligraphy (中国书法史通论), A General Overview of the Pottery and Porcelain of the Sui, Tang, Song, and Yuan Dynasties (隋唐宋元陶瓷通论), Cizhou Ware of China (中国磁州窑, 2009).
Death
In late November 2017, Ye was hospitalized in Beijing for an illness. When a scholar, who was a student of one of Ye's students, went to visit him at the hospital, he found that Ye was lying in bed in a hallway. He posted a picture on social media, which was widely circulated and raised an outcry in Chinese media against the maltreatment of a renowned scholar. The hospital later moved him into a room, but he died a little more than a month later on 2 January 2018, aged 93.
References
Category:1924 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Chinese art historians
Category:Peking University alumni
Category:Tsinghua University faculty
Category:Peking University faculty
Category:Central Academy of Fine Arts faculty
Category:Manchu people
Category:21st-century Chinese historians
Category:20th-century Chinese historians
Category:Historians from Beijing |
Mortality and Cause of Death in Hearing Loss Participants: A Longitudinal Follow-up Study Using a National Sample Cohort.
The purpose of the present study was to estimate the risk of mortality in hearing loss subjects in accordance with the cause of death. A longitudinal follow up study. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort were collected from a period between 2002 and 2013. The 4,606 severe and 1,007 profound hearing loss participants with 40 or more years old were 1:4 matched with control participants, respectively, for age, sex, income, and region of residence. The causes of death were grouped into 12 classifications. The ratio of mortality was compared between the hearing loss and control group using a χ test or Fisher's exact test. In a Cox-proportional hazard model, age, sex, income, region of residence, and past medical histories were considered confounders. The severe and profound hearing loss groups showed 4.07 (95% CI = 3.71-4.46, p < 0.001) and 4.22 times (95% CI = 3.52-5.05, p < 0.001) higher mortality ratios in the adjusted models, respectively. Both the severe and profound hearing loss groups showed higher mortality by infection, neoplasm, trauma, and metabolic, mental, circulatory, respiratory, and digestive diseases than control groups (p < 0.05). Among various causes of death, death by trauma revealed the highest odds ratios in both the severe and profound hearing loss groups. Hearing loss was associated with a significant increase in mortality. |
Update History:
[Ver.1.03]
– The failure that may disable installation when the PC detects the printer before Driver is installed is modified. (Windows 10)
[Ver.1.02]
– Improper display by clicking the [Easy Ink Delivery] button has been corrected.
[Ver.1.01]
The following problem has been rectified.
– Status Monitor related function sometimes does not operate in Guest Account.
[Ver.6.05c]
– Improper display by clicking the [Easy Ink Delivery] button has been corrected.
[Ver.6.05a] The following problem has been rectified.
– Status Monitor related function sometimes does not operate in Guest Account.
Precaution:
Printer Driver:
1.[Windows 10]
Some of the settings (such as borderless printing) in the OS standard print settings screen are not valid. the settings in the Printer printing Preferences window are valid. Make settings in Printer printing Preferences when necessary.
2.[Windows 10]
Layout printing from the OS standard print settings screen may not be performed as expected in Some instances.
In such cases, open the Printer Printing Preferences window and change the paper size accordingly.
3. With Internet Explorer 11, a web site containing Japanese may not be printed properly. In Windows Update, update the OS and Internet Explorer to the latest version.
4.Phenomenon:
– The IJ Preview does not work if Microsoft .NET Framework is not installed in PC.
5.[Notice for installation]
– Only when the current printer driver is already installed, the XPS printer driver can be installed.
6.[Notice for uninstallation]
– No uninstaller for the XPS printer drivers.
– At the same time as the uninstaller of the printer driver is executed, the XPS printer driver will be uninstalled.
Canon PIXMA TS5140 Setup
Download / Installation Procedures Mac OS X:
1. Download the file. For the location where the file is saved, check the computer settings.
2. Double-click the downloaded file and mount it on the Disk Image.
3. Double-click the mounted Disk Image.
4. Double-click the packaged file in the folder. Installation starts automatically.
Download / Installation Procedures Windows:
1. Click the link, select [ Save ], specify “Save As”, then click [ Save ] to download the file.
Memo :
If you select [ Run ] ( or [ Open ] ) instead of [ Save ], the file will be automatically installed after it is saved.
2. The downloaded file will be saved in the specified place in the self-extracting form ( .exe format ).
3. Double-click the downloaded EXE file to decompress it, then installation will start automatically.
Freedom of the cloud
Experience the freedom to print from social media and scan to cloud storage services** using PIXMA TS5140 Driver Cloud Link accessed via the Canon TS5140 PRINT app. Print more pages for your money using cost-effective optional XL inks and save on paper with auto 2-sided printing. Dual paper feeds handle both photo and paper media.
Effortless Control:Control, view and connect with ease using handy access buttons and a manual-tilt panel with 6.2 cm colour screen and a simplified interface that mirrors the TS5140 PRINT app.
Small, stylish and affordable, this colour All-In-One features the FINE Cartridge system for durable quality and fast replacement. Ideal for quick and easy home use.
CANON PIXMA
Driver Printer comes with Power Cable, Manuals and Inks. Printing quality is amazing. The printer is suitable for the Personals use, Students and small business.
There is a paper cassette on the underside and a vertical paper tray at the back. The output tray sits atop the paper cassette and will automatically extend itself to catch your prints or copies if you forget to do that yourself. Above the output trays is a dedicated CD/DVD disc printing slot; the disc holder slides into the underside of the output tray for storage.
The Canon PIXMA is quite compact, measuring 14.7 (W) x 14.2 (D) x 5.6 (H) inches, with paper installed. Of course, extending the vertical paper tray in the back adds to the height. The main chassis comes in black, and the lid comes in three colors: gray, gold and red.
Print Speed
In testing, the Pixma MG6450 came out of the gate charging and never slowed down, delivering impressive speeds in almost all of our tests. Starting with text printing, the MG6450 is the fastest model we’ve tested in its class. It printed our text document in just 26.7 seconds, at 11.2 pages per minute, versus the average of 8.4 ppm. By comparison, the PIXMA MG6450 did so in 30.7 seconds, or 9.8 ppm.
Print quality was high across the board. Text printed with a strong black shade, and letterform edges were generally sharp-looking, though edges looked a little lumpy on close inspection. Graphics printed with attractively saturated colors and lots of detail and smooth textures. It is worth noting that text print quality did not take a hit when the duplexer was used: two-sided prints looked just as good as single-sided prints, for both text and graphics. |
Banks are a riddle wrapped up in an enigma. We all kind of know that they do stuff with money we don’t understand, while the last crisis left a feeling of deep mistrust and confusion. We try to shed a bit of light onto the banking system. Why were banks invented, why did they cause the last crisis and are there alternatives?
The music from the video is available here!
http://epicmountainmusic.bandcamp.com/track/banking
http://soundcloud.com/epicmountain/banking
http://www.epic-mountain.com
Visit us on our Website, Twitter, Facebook, Patreon or Behance to say hi!
http://kurzgesagt.org
https://www.facebook.com/Kurzgesagt
https://twitter.com/Kurz_Gesagt
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Banking Explained – Money and CreditHelp us caption & translate this video!
http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q&tab=2
In this video I cover the question can you finance a motorcycle with no credit? I get asked all the time is it possible to finance and make payments on a motorcycle with no credit or finance a motorcycle with bad credit. This is a weird question to answer because there are so many variables, but here we go!
SUBSCRIBE!
Yes, it is possible to get financed for a motorcycle with no credit history, but you will need one or both of the following things:
You will either need a good qualified cosigner, and/or you will need a decent amount of cash to put down. In this video I cover in-depth what it takes to get financed with a cosigner (and what a qualified cosigner really is), as well as get financed with cash down.
Keep the questions coming, and I'll keep answering them here on Ask a Motorcycle Guy.
published:29 Nov 2017
views:4847
Introduction to credit default swaps. Created by Sal Khan.
Watch the next lesson:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative-securities/credit-default-swaps-tut/v/credit-default-swaps-2?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=financeandcapitalmarkets
Missed the previous lesson? Watch here:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative-securities/credit-default-swaps-tut/v/credit-default-swaps-cds-intro?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=financeandcapitalmarkets
Finance and capital markets on Khan Academy: Interest is the basis of modern capital markets. Depending on whether you are lending or borrowing, it can be viewed as a return on an asset (lending) or the cost of capital (borrowing). This tutorial gives an introduction to this fundamental concept, including what it means to compound. It also gives a rule of thumb that might make it easy to do some rough interest calculations in your head.
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s Finance and Capital Markets channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ1Rt02HirUvBK2D2-ZO_2g?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
published:28 Sep 2008
views:530845
Visit https://www.tradefinanceglobal.com/letters-of-credit/ for the TFGLetter of CreditGuide
A Letter of Credit is relevant where there is an exporter and an importer; and there needs to be prepayment or a confirmation of payment in order for goods to be shipped.
A letter of credit is an instrument from a bank, which guarantees a buyer's payment to a seller if certain criteria are met.
If the buyer can’t pay up, due to the agreed contract through the Letter of Credit, the bank will cover the remaining price.
Letters of Credit are fundamental components of international trade. They’re governed universally by a set of guidelines called the UCP 600, which are issued by the International Chamber of Commerce.
An LC is a promise written on a legal document that comes from a bank with a promise to pay the holder if the holder fulfills certain obligations. Obligations include payment when the goods are shipped if certain criteria are met.
A Letter of Credit is usually used when the buyer and seller do not know each other well and this is why it is used so frequently in international trade.
Letters of Credit are incredibly specific and a close attention to detail is required. If there is a misspelling in the contract, for example, the name of the goods is incorrectly spelt, there may be non-payment until a new, corrected LC is issued and accepted.
published:22 Oct 2016
views:39878
Welcome to the fifth video in ANZ's Trade FinanceEducationSeries - "Trade Finance in the Spotlight".
In this series of videos we will be discussing a range of Trade Finance products and concepts. We will discuss the pros and cons of trade products, how they work and when they should be used.
In this episode we will introduce Letters of Credit and review the main parties involved in a Letter of Credit transaction.
Stay tuned for upcoming videos featuring more information on Trade Finance products and concepts. Also take a look at the Trade Finance Podcast Series for information on Incoterms 2010.
DISCLAIMER: The information on the page and in the videos and podcasts is by way of guidance and education only and does not constitute advice or an offer to finance. Nor does it take into account your personal needs and financial circumstances. It should not be relied upon as authoritative and complete or taken in substitution for the exercise of judgement by any recipient or the recipient consulting its own legal, accountancy, tax and technical advisers before taking any action. ANZ is not liable in any way for any loss or damage, whether direct, indirect, consequential or otherwise howsoever arising out of or in connection with or from any use of the contents of and/or any omissions this page or the videos. Information contained in on this page and in the videos is strictly confidential. It is the property of ANZ. As such, no part of it may be circulated, copied, quoted or otherwise referred to another party without prior written consent of ANZ.
In this collaboration with HonestFinance, we will be discussing how you can increase your credit score in as little as 30 days by learning about credit card utilization! Honest Finance has a number of different videos about responsible use of credit cards and how to increase your credit score.
Subscribe to Honest Finance here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNGiXK9ZsxIzY-3g_TPilBQ
Let's get social...FacebookPage: https://www.facebook.com/ryanoscribner/
Snapchat (behind the scenes): ryanoscribner
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ryanscribnerofficial/
Website: http://www.ryanoscribner.com
Free resources I have created for you...
Investing Course "How To Find A GreatInvestment": http://cli.re/GRdkZN
Investing Guide "Basics Of Technical StockAnalysis": http://cli.re/6ZWnYR
Investing Guide "Become A Millionaire With $5 A Day": http://cli.re/g9qXvg
Private Facebook Group For Entrepreneurs: http://cli.re/657q2z
Premium courses I have created for you...
Stock Market Investing Course: http://cli.re/6JpAax
Stock Radar (Weekly Stock Analysis): http://cli.re/Gdre7j
Marijuana Stock Investing Course: http://cli.re/gXd3er
Building An AudienceOnline: http://cli.re/GZY2ZV
If you are looking to earn extra income, I am looking for business partners for one of my side businesses. Fill out this application and we will be in touch. I am looking for highly motivated individuals: http://cli.re/6a7Eq9
The equipment I use...
VLOGGING CAMERA: http://amzn.to/2smXFCO
MAIN CAMERA: http://amzn.to/2ymeocl
HANDHELD MICROPHONE: http://amzn.to/2t7kR7V
LAVALIER MICROPHONE: http://amzn.to/2u1j45q
STANDALONE MICROPHONE: http://amzn.to/2sjqMuK
POP FILTER: http://amzn.to/2H20d0y
TRIPOD: http://amzn.to/2qOSKZ5
SD CARD: http://amzn.to/2rttI3K
LIGHTING: http://amzn.to/2wsELQJ
ACOUSTIC PANELS: http://amzn.to/2s2ywjr
LAPTOP: http://amzn.to/2EtWpGI
DESKTOP: http://amzn.to/2EapW9b
VIDEO EDITING SOFTWARE: http://amzn.to/2nPPQ7K
THUMBNAIL EDITING SOFTWARE: http://amzn.to/2sl94XI
The books I recommend...
#1 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Wealth): http://amzn.to/2sncXrg
#2 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Mindset): http://amzn.to/2smXaIW
#3 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Happiness): http://amzn.to/2smO0Mv
#4 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Investing): http://amzn.to/2rsXWny
#5 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Tony Robbins) http://amzn.to/2vtNDAy
If anyone is looking to open a stock trading account, I highly recommend Robinhood as they offer free stock trading. I recommend them because this is the stock broker I use. Unlike traditional brokers, they do not charge commission on trades or require a minimum account balance.
Robinhood (AffiliateLink): http://cli.re/GRd3m5
Interested in Bitcoin? Sign up for Coinbase with the link below and get $10 worth of Bitcoin for free!
Coinbase (Affiliate Link): http://cli.re/gBRjmV
DISCLAIMER: I am not a financial adviser. These videos are for educational purposes only. Investing of any kind involves risk. While it is possible to minimize risk, your investments are solely your responsibility. It is imperative that you conduct your own research. I am merely sharing my opinion with no guarantee of gains or losses on investments.
(Send me something)
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Ballston Spa, NY 12020
Support the channel with a donation...
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ETH = 0x9A760ef81625Ff32E0A1245F2B5D2d4aEE9E6543
LTC = LQTn2XdpKxJf527ZvYT4xXTnix7BTtXwqg
CHASEFREEDOM 👉 https://tinyurl.com/y7cde5lv
CHASE SAPPHIRE 👉 ttps://tinyurl.com/y8yqk439
CHASE RESERVE 👉 https://tinyurl.com/y9etdj6d
American Express 👉 https://tinyurl.com/zhqu5sr
How to Make $2,000+ w/ CREDIT CARDS?!
I hope you guys enjoy this video! Let me know in the comments what other types of these videos you want to see with my fiance!
My INSTA & Snap 👉 MISSMANGOBUTT
Stephiance's INSTA 👉 MISTERMANGOBUTT
PO BOX:
Stephanie Soo
9190 W Olympic Blvd. #127Beverly Hills, CA 90212
* I do earn a small commission if you decide to use my referral links; however, nothing changes for you! I'm not sure if they will be nicer because you have been referred but I have heard it may be easier to get approved!
Love you guys!
published:29 Dec 2017
views:10249
How to buy a car with a bad credit, new credit, or no history credit in financing?
Credit (finance)
Credit (from Latincredit, "(he/she/it) believes") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party where that second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but instead arranges either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date. The resources provided may be financial (e.g. granting a loan), or they may consist of goods or services (e.g. consumer credit). Credit encompasses any form of deferred payment. Credit is extended by a creditor, also known as a lender, to a debtor, also known as a borrower.
Credit does not necessarily require money. The credit concept can be applied in barter economies as well, based on the direct exchange of goods and services. However, in modern societies, credit is usually denominated by a unit of account. Unlike money, credit itself cannot act as a unit of account.
Movements of financial capital are normally dependent on either credit or equity transfers. Credit is in turn dependent on the reputation or creditworthiness of the entity which takes responsibility for the funds. Credit is also traded in financial markets. The purest form is the credit default swap market, which is essentially a traded market in credit insurance. A credit default swap represents the price at which two parties exchange this risk–the protection seller takes the risk of default of the credit in return for a payment, commonly denoted in basis points (one basis point is 1/100 of a percent) of the notional amount to be referenced, while the protection buyer pays this premium and in the case of default of the underlying (a loan, bond or other receivable), delivers this receivable to the protection seller and receives from the seller the par amount (that is, is made whole).
Banking Explained – Money and Credit
Banks are a riddle wrapped up in an enigma. We all kind of know that they do stuff with money we don’t understand, while the last crisis left a feeling of deep mistrust and confusion. We try to shed a bit of light onto the banking system. Why were banks invented, why did they cause the last crisis and are there alternatives?
The music from the video is available here!
http://epicmountainmusic.bandcamp.com/track/banking
http://soundcloud.com/epicmountain/banking
http://www.epic-mountain.com
Visit us on our Website, Twitter, Facebook, Patreon or Behance to say hi!
http://kurzgesagt.org
https://www.facebook.com/Kurzgesagt
https://twitter.com/Kurz_Gesagt
http://www.patreon.com/Kurzgesagt
http://www.behance.net/Kurzgesagt
Banking Explained – Money and CreditHelp us caption & translate this video!
http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q&tab=2
Credit ( finance)
Can you Finance a Motorcycle with No Credit?
In this video I cover the question can you finance a motorcycle with no credit? I get asked all the time is it possible to finance and make payments on a motorcycle with no credit or finance a motorcycle with bad credit. This is a weird question to answer because there are so many variables, but here we go!
SUBSCRIBE!
Yes, it is possible to get financed for a motorcycle with no credit history, but you will need one or both of the following things:
You will either need a good qualified cosigner, and/or you will need a decent amount of cash to put down. In this video I cover in-depth what it takes to get financed with a cosigner (and what a qualified cosigner really is), as well as get financed with cash down.
Keep the questions coming, and I'll keep answering them here on Ask a Motorcycle Guy.
10:57
Credit default swaps | Finance & Capital Markets | Khan Academy
Credit default swaps | Finance & Capital Markets | Khan Academy
Credit default swaps | Finance & Capital Markets | Khan Academy
Introduction to credit default swaps. Created by Sal Khan.
Watch the next lesson:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative-securities/credit-default-swaps-tut/v/credit-default-swaps-2?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=financeandcapitalmarkets
Missed the previous lesson? Watch here:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative-securities/credit-default-swaps-tut/v/credit-default-swaps-cds-intro?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=financeandcapitalmarkets
Finance and capital markets on Khan Academy: Interest is the basis of modern capital markets. Depending on whether you are lending or borrowing, it can be viewed as a return on an asset (lending) or the cost of capital (borrowing). This tutorial gives an introduction to this fundamental concept, including what it means to compound. It also gives a rule of thumb that might make it easy to do some rough interest calculations in your head.
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s Finance and Capital Markets channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ1Rt02HirUvBK2D2-ZO_2g?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
6:27
Letters of Credit - What is a Letter of Credit (Trade Finance Global LC Guide)
Letters of Credit - What is a Letter of Credit (Trade Finance Global LC Guide)
Letters of Credit - What is a Letter of Credit (Trade Finance Global LC Guide)
Visit https://www.tradefinanceglobal.com/letters-of-credit/ for the TFGLetter of CreditGuide
A Letter of Credit is relevant where there is an exporter and an importer; and there needs to be prepayment or a confirmation of payment in order for goods to be shipped.
A letter of credit is an instrument from a bank, which guarantees a buyer's payment to a seller if certain criteria are met.
If the buyer can’t pay up, due to the agreed contract through the Letter of Credit, the bank will cover the remaining price.
Letters of Credit are fundamental components of international trade. They’re governed universally by a set of guidelines called the UCP 600, which are issued by the International Chamber of Commerce.
An LC is a promise written on a legal document that comes from a bank with a promise to pay the holder if the holder fulfills certain obligations. Obligations include payment when the goods are shipped if certain criteria are met.
A Letter of Credit is usually used when the buyer and seller do not know each other well and this is why it is used so frequently in international trade.
Letters of Credit are incredibly specific and a close attention to detail is required. If there is a misspelling in the contract, for example, the name of the goods is incorrectly spelt, there may be non-payment until a new, corrected LC is issued and accepted.
7:14
Trade Finance in the Spotlight – Letters of Credit
Trade Finance in the Spotlight – Letters of Credit
Trade Finance in the Spotlight – Letters of Credit
Welcome to the fifth video in ANZ's Trade FinanceEducationSeries - "Trade Finance in the Spotlight".
In this series of videos we will be discussing a range of Trade Finance products and concepts. We will discuss the pros and cons of trade products, how they work and when they should be used.
In this episode we will introduce Letters of Credit and review the main parties involved in a Letter of Credit transaction.
Stay tuned for upcoming videos featuring more information on Trade Finance products and concepts. Also take a look at the Trade Finance Podcast Series for information on Incoterms 2010.
DISCLAIMER: The information on the page and in the videos and podcasts is by way of guidance and education only and does not constitute advice or an offer to finance. Nor does it take into account your personal needs and financial circumstances. It should not be relied upon as authoritative and complete or taken in substitution for the exercise of judgement by any recipient or the recipient consulting its own legal, accountancy, tax and technical advisers before taking any action. ANZ is not liable in any way for any loss or damage, whether direct, indirect, consequential or otherwise howsoever arising out of or in connection with or from any use of the contents of and/or any omissions this page or the videos. Information contained in on this page and in the videos is strictly confidential. It is the property of ANZ. As such, no part of it may be circulated, copied, quoted or otherwise referred to another party without prior written consent of ANZ.
11:53
What Credit Score Is Needed To Buy/Finance A Car - GoSimplyPro Credit Consultation
What Credit Score Is Needed To Buy/Finance A Car - GoSimplyPro Credit Consultation
What Credit Score Is Needed To Buy/Finance A Car - GoSimplyPro Credit Consultation
In this collaboration with HonestFinance, we will be discussing how you can increase your credit score in as little as 30 days by learning about credit card utilization! Honest Finance has a number of different videos about responsible use of credit cards and how to increase your credit score.
Subscribe to Honest Finance here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNGiXK9ZsxIzY-3g_TPilBQ
Let's get social...FacebookPage: https://www.facebook.com/ryanoscribner/
Snapchat (behind the scenes): ryanoscribner
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ryanscribnerofficial/
Website: http://www.ryanoscribner.com
Free resources I have created for you...
Investing Course "How To Find A GreatInvestment": http://cli.re/GRdkZN
Investing Guide "Basics Of Technical StockAnalysis": http://cli.re/6ZWnYR
Investing Guide "Become A Millionaire With $5 A Day": http://cli.re/g9qXvg
Private Facebook Group For Entrepreneurs: http://cli.re/657q2z
Premium courses I have created for you...
Stock Market Investing Course: http://cli.re/6JpAax
Stock Radar (Weekly Stock Analysis): http://cli.re/Gdre7j
Marijuana Stock Investing Course: http://cli.re/gXd3er
Building An AudienceOnline: http://cli.re/GZY2ZV
If you are looking to earn extra income, I am looking for business partners for one of my side businesses. Fill out this application and we will be in touch. I am looking for highly motivated individuals: http://cli.re/6a7Eq9
The equipment I use...
VLOGGING CAMERA: http://amzn.to/2smXFCO
MAIN CAMERA: http://amzn.to/2ymeocl
HANDHELD MICROPHONE: http://amzn.to/2t7kR7V
LAVALIER MICROPHONE: http://amzn.to/2u1j45q
STANDALONE MICROPHONE: http://amzn.to/2sjqMuK
POP FILTER: http://amzn.to/2H20d0y
TRIPOD: http://amzn.to/2qOSKZ5
SD CARD: http://amzn.to/2rttI3K
LIGHTING: http://amzn.to/2wsELQJ
ACOUSTIC PANELS: http://amzn.to/2s2ywjr
LAPTOP: http://amzn.to/2EtWpGI
DESKTOP: http://amzn.to/2EapW9b
VIDEO EDITING SOFTWARE: http://amzn.to/2nPPQ7K
THUMBNAIL EDITING SOFTWARE: http://amzn.to/2sl94XI
The books I recommend...
#1 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Wealth): http://amzn.to/2sncXrg
#2 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Mindset): http://amzn.to/2smXaIW
#3 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Happiness): http://amzn.to/2smO0Mv
#4 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Investing): http://amzn.to/2rsXWny
#5 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Tony Robbins) http://amzn.to/2vtNDAy
If anyone is looking to open a stock trading account, I highly recommend Robinhood as they offer free stock trading. I recommend them because this is the stock broker I use. Unlike traditional brokers, they do not charge commission on trades or require a minimum account balance.
Robinhood (AffiliateLink): http://cli.re/GRd3m5
Interested in Bitcoin? Sign up for Coinbase with the link below and get $10 worth of Bitcoin for free!
Coinbase (Affiliate Link): http://cli.re/gBRjmV
DISCLAIMER: I am not a financial adviser. These videos are for educational purposes only. Investing of any kind involves risk. While it is possible to minimize risk, your investments are solely your responsibility. It is imperative that you conduct your own research. I am merely sharing my opinion with no guarantee of gains or losses on investments.
(Send me something)
Scribner MediaLLCPO Box 641
Ballston Spa, NY 12020
Support the channel with a donation...
BTC = 1BRJhB1nuTum9sZ5huBbJwmq66Lqw7Tcac
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LTC = LQTn2XdpKxJf527ZvYT4xXTnix7BTtXwqg
How to Make $2,000+ w/ CREDIT CARDS?! - FINANCE with STEPHIANCE [EP. #1]
How to Make $2,000+ w/ CREDIT CARDS?! - FINANCE with STEPHIANCE [EP. #1]
How to Make $2,000+ w/ CREDIT CARDS?! - FINANCE with STEPHIANCE [EP. #1]
CHASEFREEDOM 👉 https://tinyurl.com/y7cde5lv
CHASE SAPPHIRE 👉 ttps://tinyurl.com/y8yqk439
CHASE RESERVE 👉 https://tinyurl.com/y9etdj6d
American Express 👉 https://tinyurl.com/zhqu5sr
How to Make $2,000+ w/ CREDIT CARDS?!
I hope you guys enjoy this video! Let me know in the comments what other types of these videos you want to see with my fiance!
My INSTA & Snap 👉 MISSMANGOBUTT
Stephiance's INSTA 👉 MISTERMANGOBUTT
PO BOX:
Stephanie Soo
9190 W Olympic Blvd. #127Beverly Hills, CA 90212
* I do earn a small commission if you decide to use my referral links; however, nothing changes for you! I'm not sure if they will be nicer because you have been referred but I have heard it may be easier to get approved!
Love you guys!
2:38
How To Finance A Car With Bad or New Credit
How To Finance A Car With Bad or New Credit
How To Finance A Car With Bad or New Credit
How to buy a car with a bad credit, new credit, or no history credit in financing?
8:18
how to buy mobile on EMI/finance | from home credit | without debit card and credit card
how to buy mobile on EMI/finance | from home credit | without debit card and credit card
how to buy mobile on EMI/finance | from home credit | without debit card and credit card
in this video i m going to tell you how to buy mobile on emi/finance. easy to apply with home credit
query solved
1)how to buy a mobile on emi/finance from home credit
2)what document needed
3)whats a processing fees
official website
https://www.homecredit.co.in/
my social links
https://www.facebook.com/urpersonalconsultant/
Share, Support, Subscribe!!!
urpersonalconsultant | ur personal consultant | personal consultant
About : UR PERSONAL CONSULTANT :- is a YouTube Channel, where you will find GOVERNMENT VACANCIES ,AS WELL ASPRIVATE VACANCIES ,EDUCATION UPDATES,GOVERNMEENT SCHEMES BANKING SCHEMS technological videos in Hindi, New Video is Posted Everyday :)
How to improve credit score uk and why is a positive credit score or credit report important for property investors?
DOWNLOAD "21 IDEASTO IMPROVE YOUR CREDIT RATING" HERE...http://yourfirstfourhouses.com/download-credit/
Before I go any further here, I have to make one thing very clear - I am NOT FCA approved and so if you decide to act on any of the stuff I'm suggesting, before doing so, please seek independent financial advice, ideally for an independant mortgage broker who can firstly determine if you are unmortgageable - or indeed suggest ways in white you can improve your credit score so you can become mortgageable again.
Phew... I'm glad we got that out the way!
Having a bulletproof credit rating is certainly NOT essential if you're going to invest in property, but there's no question it helps. Obviously, the higher your credit rating, the more appealing you are to lenders when it comes to getting a mortgage and the better exposure you'll have to better rates of interest on your finance.
So let's start by finding out what your credit rating or credit score actually is.
I personally use...
http://www.Noddle.co.uk
...to keep in tune with my credit rating, because unlike others, Noddle is free for life, not just for 30 days. It uses CallCredit, which is one of the big three referencing companies (the other two being Equifax and Experian).
All lenders use at least one of these companies, in addition to gathering other information about you, before deciding if they're going to lend to you. So go to their site, enter your details, and in a few minutes, you'll uncover a wealth of financial information about yourself and I bet there'll be one or two things in there that may actually surprise you!
I hope you found these 8 tips helpful, but more importantly I really hope you take a moment to download the "How To Improve Your Credit Rating" eBook, as there's a total of 21 really good actions that you can take to help improve your credit rating.
Please take a moment to subscribe to my YouTube and Facebook channels if you haven't already done so as this way I can keep you up to date when the next video is available for you.
I've also added below a link to every property tool I use - which I thought you might find helpful :-)
PLEASE SUBSCRIBE ON YOUTUBE...
https://www.youtube.com/c/yourfirstfo...
PLEASE LIKE MY FACEBOOKPAGE...
https://www.facebook.com/YourFirstFou...
DOWNLOAD MY PROPERTY TOOLS...
http://yourfirstfourhouses.com/download-tools/
26:10
Personal Finance: Class 3 - Credit
Personal Finance: Class 3 - Credit
Personal Finance: Class 3 - Credit
A study of personal finance topics from the consumer and societal perspectives.
Topics include the preparation and interpretation of personal financial statements and budgets, the time value of money, personal saving, financial market and investment fundamentals, the effective use of consumer credit, personal bankruptcy, insurance principles, automotive and housing decisions, principles of personal taxation, and retirement planning.
This course will provide students with the concepts and critical thinking skills to understand the effects of financial decisions on individuals, families, and society.
Learn more about Missouri State iCourses at http://outreach.missouristate.edu/icourses.htm
We discuss issues such as credit sales vs cash sales, lending money to customers, credit terms such as 2/10 net30, What are good credit terms?, What are bad credit terms?, The Cost of CreditSales, The Benefits of Credit Sales, Accounts ReceivablesA/R
1:39
Bike Finance: Applying for credit with Wheelies.co.uk
Bike Finance: Applying for credit with Wheelies.co.uk
Bike Finance: Applying for credit with Wheelies.co.uk
In this video we take a look at how easy it is to finance your new bike with Wheelies.
Buying your bike on finance is quick and easy. The paperless online application is straightforward and only takes approximately 10 minutes to complete from start to finish.
For all orders over £250 we offer two types of finance – 0% Interest free or ClassicCredit. For orders over £2700 we offer a special 48 month interest free option, which is the most competitive long term bike finance deal available. The amount of deposit you pay is up to you. Our flexible deposit means that you don’t have to pay a deposit at all, or you can choose to pay a larger deposit and reduce your monthly payments.
Calculating your finance payments is quick and easy. On every product priced over £250 you can hover over the “Finance” column which will show you a breakdown of the options available. Or you can use our interactive finance calculator at wheelies.co.uk/bikes-on-finance. You can input the total value of your order and choose from the available finance deals and instantly see how much the repayments will be.
There are two ways you can apply for bike finance. Over the phone by calling us, or through our online store at wheelies.co.uk. Your application will only take a couple of minutes and is usually approved instantly. For more information head over to wheelies.co.uk/bikes-on-finance.
Home Credit Finance India pvt ltd
Banking Explained – Money and Credit
Banks are a riddle wrapped up in an enigma. We all kind of know that they do stuff with money we don’t understand, while the last crisis left a feeling of deep mistrust and confusion. We try to shed a bit of light onto the banking system. Why were banks invented, why did they cause the last crisis and are there alternatives?
The music from the video is available here!
http://epicmountainmusic.bandcamp.com/track/banking
http://soundcloud.com/epicmountain/banking
http://www.epic-mountain.com
Visit us on our Website, Twitter, Facebook, Patreon or Behance to say hi!
http://kurzgesagt.org
https://www.facebook.com/Kurzgesagt
https://twitter.com/Kurz_Gesagt
http://www.patreon.com/Kurzgesagt
http://www.behance.net/Kurzgesagt
Banking Explained – Money and CreditHelp us caption & translate ...
published: 12 Mar 2015
Credit ( finance)
Can you Finance a Motorcycle with No Credit?
In this video I cover the question can you finance a motorcycle with no credit? I get asked all the time is it possible to finance and make payments on a motorcycle with no credit or finance a motorcycle with bad credit. This is a weird question to answer because there are so many variables, but here we go!
SUBSCRIBE!
Yes, it is possible to get financed for a motorcycle with no credit history, but you will need one or both of the following things:
You will either need a good qualified cosigner, and/or you will need a decent amount of cash to put down. In this video I cover in-depth what it takes to get financed with a cosigner (and what a qualified cosigner really is), as well as get financed with cash down.
Keep the questions coming, and I'll keep answering them here on Ask a Motorcyc...
published: 29 Nov 2017
Credit default swaps | Finance & Capital Markets | Khan Academy
Introduction to credit default swaps. Created by Sal Khan.
Watch the next lesson:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative-securities/credit-default-swaps-tut/v/credit-default-swaps-2?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=financeandcapitalmarkets
Missed the previous lesson? Watch here:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative-securities/credit-default-swaps-tut/v/credit-default-swaps-cds-intro?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=financeandcapitalmarkets
Finance and capital markets on Khan Academy: Interest is the basis of modern capital markets. Depending on whether you are lending or borrowing, it can be viewed as a return on an asset (lending) or the cost of capital (borrowing). This tutorial gives a...
published: 28 Sep 2008
Letters of Credit - What is a Letter of Credit (Trade Finance Global LC Guide)
Visit https://www.tradefinanceglobal.com/letters-of-credit/ for the TFGLetter of CreditGuide
A Letter of Credit is relevant where there is an exporter and an importer; and there needs to be prepayment or a confirmation of payment in order for goods to be shipped.
A letter of credit is an instrument from a bank, which guarantees a buyer's payment to a seller if certain criteria are met.
If the buyer can’t pay up, due to the agreed contract through the Letter of Credit, the bank will cover the remaining price.
Letters of Credit are fundamental components of international trade. They’re governed universally by a set of guidelines called the UCP 600, which are issued by the International Chamber of Commerce.
An LC is a promise written on a legal document that comes from a bank with a pr...
published: 22 Oct 2016
Trade Finance in the Spotlight – Letters of Credit
Welcome to the fifth video in ANZ's Trade FinanceEducationSeries - "Trade Finance in the Spotlight".
In this series of videos we will be discussing a range of Trade Finance products and concepts. We will discuss the pros and cons of trade products, how they work and when they should be used.
In this episode we will introduce Letters of Credit and review the main parties involved in a Letter of Credit transaction.
Stay tuned for upcoming videos featuring more information on Trade Finance products and concepts. Also take a look at the Trade Finance Podcast Series for information on Incoterms 2010.
DISCLAIMER: The information on the page and in the videos and podcasts is by way of guidance and education only and does not constitute advice or an offer to finance. Nor does it take i...
published: 22 Sep 2014
What Credit Score Is Needed To Buy/Finance A Car - GoSimplyPro Credit Consultation
In this collaboration with HonestFinance, we will be discussing how you can increase your credit score in as little as 30 days by learning about credit card utilization! Honest Finance has a number of different videos about responsible use of credit cards and how to increase your credit score.
Subscribe to Honest Finance here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNGiXK9ZsxIzY-3g_TPilBQ
Let's get social...FacebookPage: https://www.facebook.com/ryanoscribner/
Snapchat (behind the scenes): ryanoscribner
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ryanscribnerofficial/
Website: http://www.ryanoscribner.com
Free resources I have created for you...
Investing Course "How To Find A GreatInvestment": http://cli.re/GRdkZN
Investing Guide "Basics Of Technical StockAnalysis": http://cli.re/6ZWnYR
Inves...
How to Make $2,000+ w/ CREDIT CARDS?! - FINANCE with STEPHIANCE [EP. #1]
CHASEFREEDOM 👉 https://tinyurl.com/y7cde5lv
CHASE SAPPHIRE 👉 ttps://tinyurl.com/y8yqk439
CHASE RESERVE 👉 https://tinyurl.com/y9etdj6d
American Express 👉 https://tinyurl.com/zhqu5sr
How to Make $2,000+ w/ CREDIT CARDS?!
I hope you guys enjoy this video! Let me know in the comments what other types of these videos you want to see with my fiance!
My INSTA & Snap 👉 MISSMANGOBUTT
Stephiance's INSTA 👉 MISTERMANGOBUTT
PO BOX:
Stephanie Soo
9190 W Olympic Blvd. #127Beverly Hills, CA 90212
* I do earn a small commission if you decide to use my referral links; however, nothing changes for you! I'm not sure if they will be nicer because you have been referred but I have heard it may be easier to get approved!
Love you guys!
published: 29 Dec 2017
How To Finance A Car With Bad or New Credit
How to buy a car with a bad credit, new credit, or no history credit in financing?
published: 09 Jul 2015
how to buy mobile on EMI/finance | from home credit | without debit card and credit card
in this video i m going to tell you how to buy mobile on emi/finance. easy to apply with home credit
query solved
1)how to buy a mobile on emi/finance from home credit
2)what document needed
3)whats a processing fees
official website
https://www.homecredit.co.in/
my social links
https://www.facebook.com/urpersonalconsultant/
Share, Support, Subscribe!!!
urpersonalconsultant | ur personal consultant | personal consultant
About : UR PERSONAL CONSULTANT :- is a YouTube Channel, where you will find GOVERNMENT VACANCIES ,AS WELL ASPRIVATE VACANCIES ,EDUCATION UPDATES,GOVERNMEENT SCHEMES BANKING SCHEMS technological videos in Hindi, New Video is Posted Everyday :)
How to improve credit score uk and why is a positive credit score or credit report important for property investors?
DOWNLOAD "21 IDEASTO IMPROVE YOUR CREDIT RATING" HERE...http://yourfirstfourhouses.com/download-credit/
Before I go any further here, I have to make one thing very clear - I am NOT FCA approved and so if you decide to act on any of the stuff I'm suggesting, before doing so, please seek independent financial advice, ideally for an independant mortgage broker who can firstly determine if you are unmortgageable - or indeed suggest ways in white you can improve your credit score so you can become mortgageable again.
Phew... I'm glad we got that out the way!
Having a bulletproof credit rating is certainly NOT essential if you're going to invest in property, but there's no ...
published: 15 Sep 2016
Personal Finance: Class 3 - Credit
A study of personal finance topics from the consumer and societal perspectives.
Topics include the preparation and interpretation of personal financial statements and budgets, the time value of money, personal saving, financial market and investment fundamentals, the effective use of consumer credit, personal bankruptcy, insurance principles, automotive and housing decisions, principles of personal taxation, and retirement planning.
This course will provide students with the concepts and critical thinking skills to understand the effects of financial decisions on individuals, families, and society.
Learn more about Missouri State iCourses at http://outreach.missouristate.edu/icourses.htm
We discuss issues such as credit sales vs cash sales, lending money to customers, credit terms such as 2/10 net30, What are good credit terms?, What are bad credit terms?, The Cost of CreditSales, The Benefits of Credit Sales, Accounts ReceivablesA/R
published: 26 Sep 2011
Bike Finance: Applying for credit with Wheelies.co.uk
In this video we take a look at how easy it is to finance your new bike with Wheelies.
Buying your bike on finance is quick and easy. The paperless online application is straightforward and only takes approximately 10 minutes to complete from start to finish.
For all orders over £250 we offer two types of finance – 0% Interest free or ClassicCredit. For orders over £2700 we offer a special 48 month interest free option, which is the most competitive long term bike finance deal available. The amount of deposit you pay is up to you. Our flexible deposit means that you don’t have to pay a deposit at all, or you can choose to pay a larger deposit and reduce your monthly payments.
Calculating your finance payments is quick and easy. On every product priced over £250 you can hover over the “...
Home Credit Finance India pvt ltd
Banking Explained – Money and Credit
Banks are a riddle wrapped up in an enigma. We all kind of know that they do stuff with money we don’t understand, while the last crisis left a feeling of deep ...
Banks are a riddle wrapped up in an enigma. We all kind of know that they do stuff with money we don’t understand, while the last crisis left a feeling of deep mistrust and confusion. We try to shed a bit of light onto the banking system. Why were banks invented, why did they cause the last crisis and are there alternatives?
The music from the video is available here!
http://epicmountainmusic.bandcamp.com/track/banking
http://soundcloud.com/epicmountain/banking
http://www.epic-mountain.com
Visit us on our Website, Twitter, Facebook, Patreon or Behance to say hi!
http://kurzgesagt.org
https://www.facebook.com/Kurzgesagt
https://twitter.com/Kurz_Gesagt
http://www.patreon.com/Kurzgesagt
http://www.behance.net/Kurzgesagt
Banking Explained – Money and CreditHelp us caption & translate this video!
http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q&tab=2
Banks are a riddle wrapped up in an enigma. We all kind of know that they do stuff with money we don’t understand, while the last crisis left a feeling of deep mistrust and confusion. We try to shed a bit of light onto the banking system. Why were banks invented, why did they cause the last crisis and are there alternatives?
The music from the video is available here!
http://epicmountainmusic.bandcamp.com/track/banking
http://soundcloud.com/epicmountain/banking
http://www.epic-mountain.com
Visit us on our Website, Twitter, Facebook, Patreon or Behance to say hi!
http://kurzgesagt.org
https://www.facebook.com/Kurzgesagt
https://twitter.com/Kurz_Gesagt
http://www.patreon.com/Kurzgesagt
http://www.behance.net/Kurzgesagt
Banking Explained – Money and CreditHelp us caption & translate this video!
http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q&tab=2
Can you Finance a Motorcycle with No Credit?
In this video I cover the question can you finance a motorcycle with no credit? I get asked all the time is it possible to finance and make payments on a motorc...
In this video I cover the question can you finance a motorcycle with no credit? I get asked all the time is it possible to finance and make payments on a motorcycle with no credit or finance a motorcycle with bad credit. This is a weird question to answer because there are so many variables, but here we go!
SUBSCRIBE!
Yes, it is possible to get financed for a motorcycle with no credit history, but you will need one or both of the following things:
You will either need a good qualified cosigner, and/or you will need a decent amount of cash to put down. In this video I cover in-depth what it takes to get financed with a cosigner (and what a qualified cosigner really is), as well as get financed with cash down.
Keep the questions coming, and I'll keep answering them here on Ask a Motorcycle Guy.
In this video I cover the question can you finance a motorcycle with no credit? I get asked all the time is it possible to finance and make payments on a motorcycle with no credit or finance a motorcycle with bad credit. This is a weird question to answer because there are so many variables, but here we go!
SUBSCRIBE!
Yes, it is possible to get financed for a motorcycle with no credit history, but you will need one or both of the following things:
You will either need a good qualified cosigner, and/or you will need a decent amount of cash to put down. In this video I cover in-depth what it takes to get financed with a cosigner (and what a qualified cosigner really is), as well as get financed with cash down.
Keep the questions coming, and I'll keep answering them here on Ask a Motorcycle Guy.
Credit default swaps | Finance & Capital Markets | Khan Academy
Introduction to credit default swaps. Created by Sal Khan.
Watch the next lesson:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative...
Introduction to credit default swaps. Created by Sal Khan.
Watch the next lesson:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative-securities/credit-default-swaps-tut/v/credit-default-swaps-2?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=financeandcapitalmarkets
Missed the previous lesson? Watch here:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative-securities/credit-default-swaps-tut/v/credit-default-swaps-cds-intro?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=financeandcapitalmarkets
Finance and capital markets on Khan Academy: Interest is the basis of modern capital markets. Depending on whether you are lending or borrowing, it can be viewed as a return on an asset (lending) or the cost of capital (borrowing). This tutorial gives an introduction to this fundamental concept, including what it means to compound. It also gives a rule of thumb that might make it easy to do some rough interest calculations in your head.
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s Finance and Capital Markets channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ1Rt02HirUvBK2D2-ZO_2g?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
Introduction to credit default swaps. Created by Sal Khan.
Watch the next lesson:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative-securities/credit-default-swaps-tut/v/credit-default-swaps-2?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=financeandcapitalmarkets
Missed the previous lesson? Watch here:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative-securities/credit-default-swaps-tut/v/credit-default-swaps-cds-intro?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=financeandcapitalmarkets
Finance and capital markets on Khan Academy: Interest is the basis of modern capital markets. Depending on whether you are lending or borrowing, it can be viewed as a return on an asset (lending) or the cost of capital (borrowing). This tutorial gives an introduction to this fundamental concept, including what it means to compound. It also gives a rule of thumb that might make it easy to do some rough interest calculations in your head.
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s Finance and Capital Markets channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ1Rt02HirUvBK2D2-ZO_2g?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
Letters of Credit - What is a Letter of Credit (Trade Finance Global LC Guide)
Visit https://www.tradefinanceglobal.com/letters-of-credit/ for the TFGLetter of CreditGuide
A Letter of Credit is relevant where there is an exporter and an...
Visit https://www.tradefinanceglobal.com/letters-of-credit/ for the TFGLetter of CreditGuide
A Letter of Credit is relevant where there is an exporter and an importer; and there needs to be prepayment or a confirmation of payment in order for goods to be shipped.
A letter of credit is an instrument from a bank, which guarantees a buyer's payment to a seller if certain criteria are met.
If the buyer can’t pay up, due to the agreed contract through the Letter of Credit, the bank will cover the remaining price.
Letters of Credit are fundamental components of international trade. They’re governed universally by a set of guidelines called the UCP 600, which are issued by the International Chamber of Commerce.
An LC is a promise written on a legal document that comes from a bank with a promise to pay the holder if the holder fulfills certain obligations. Obligations include payment when the goods are shipped if certain criteria are met.
A Letter of Credit is usually used when the buyer and seller do not know each other well and this is why it is used so frequently in international trade.
Letters of Credit are incredibly specific and a close attention to detail is required. If there is a misspelling in the contract, for example, the name of the goods is incorrectly spelt, there may be non-payment until a new, corrected LC is issued and accepted.
Visit https://www.tradefinanceglobal.com/letters-of-credit/ for the TFGLetter of CreditGuide
A Letter of Credit is relevant where there is an exporter and an importer; and there needs to be prepayment or a confirmation of payment in order for goods to be shipped.
A letter of credit is an instrument from a bank, which guarantees a buyer's payment to a seller if certain criteria are met.
If the buyer can’t pay up, due to the agreed contract through the Letter of Credit, the bank will cover the remaining price.
Letters of Credit are fundamental components of international trade. They’re governed universally by a set of guidelines called the UCP 600, which are issued by the International Chamber of Commerce.
An LC is a promise written on a legal document that comes from a bank with a promise to pay the holder if the holder fulfills certain obligations. Obligations include payment when the goods are shipped if certain criteria are met.
A Letter of Credit is usually used when the buyer and seller do not know each other well and this is why it is used so frequently in international trade.
Letters of Credit are incredibly specific and a close attention to detail is required. If there is a misspelling in the contract, for example, the name of the goods is incorrectly spelt, there may be non-payment until a new, corrected LC is issued and accepted.
Welcome to the fifth video in ANZ's Trade FinanceEducationSeries - "Trade Finance in the Spotlight".
In this series of videos we will be discussing a range of Trade Finance products and concepts. We will discuss the pros and cons of trade products, how they work and when they should be used.
In this episode we will introduce Letters of Credit and review the main parties involved in a Letter of Credit transaction.
Stay tuned for upcoming videos featuring more information on Trade Finance products and concepts. Also take a look at the Trade Finance Podcast Series for information on Incoterms 2010.
DISCLAIMER: The information on the page and in the videos and podcasts is by way of guidance and education only and does not constitute advice or an offer to finance. Nor does it take into account your personal needs and financial circumstances. It should not be relied upon as authoritative and complete or taken in substitution for the exercise of judgement by any recipient or the recipient consulting its own legal, accountancy, tax and technical advisers before taking any action. ANZ is not liable in any way for any loss or damage, whether direct, indirect, consequential or otherwise howsoever arising out of or in connection with or from any use of the contents of and/or any omissions this page or the videos. Information contained in on this page and in the videos is strictly confidential. It is the property of ANZ. As such, no part of it may be circulated, copied, quoted or otherwise referred to another party without prior written consent of ANZ.
Welcome to the fifth video in ANZ's Trade FinanceEducationSeries - "Trade Finance in the Spotlight".
In this series of videos we will be discussing a range of Trade Finance products and concepts. We will discuss the pros and cons of trade products, how they work and when they should be used.
In this episode we will introduce Letters of Credit and review the main parties involved in a Letter of Credit transaction.
Stay tuned for upcoming videos featuring more information on Trade Finance products and concepts. Also take a look at the Trade Finance Podcast Series for information on Incoterms 2010.
DISCLAIMER: The information on the page and in the videos and podcasts is by way of guidance and education only and does not constitute advice or an offer to finance. Nor does it take into account your personal needs and financial circumstances. It should not be relied upon as authoritative and complete or taken in substitution for the exercise of judgement by any recipient or the recipient consulting its own legal, accountancy, tax and technical advisers before taking any action. ANZ is not liable in any way for any loss or damage, whether direct, indirect, consequential or otherwise howsoever arising out of or in connection with or from any use of the contents of and/or any omissions this page or the videos. Information contained in on this page and in the videos is strictly confidential. It is the property of ANZ. As such, no part of it may be circulated, copied, quoted or otherwise referred to another party without prior written consent of ANZ.
In this collaboration with HonestFinance, we will be discussing how you can increase your credit score in as little as 30 days by learning about credit card ut...
In this collaboration with HonestFinance, we will be discussing how you can increase your credit score in as little as 30 days by learning about credit card utilization! Honest Finance has a number of different videos about responsible use of credit cards and how to increase your credit score.
Subscribe to Honest Finance here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNGiXK9ZsxIzY-3g_TPilBQ
Let's get social...FacebookPage: https://www.facebook.com/ryanoscribner/
Snapchat (behind the scenes): ryanoscribner
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ryanscribnerofficial/
Website: http://www.ryanoscribner.com
Free resources I have created for you...
Investing Course "How To Find A GreatInvestment": http://cli.re/GRdkZN
Investing Guide "Basics Of Technical StockAnalysis": http://cli.re/6ZWnYR
Investing Guide "Become A Millionaire With $5 A Day": http://cli.re/g9qXvg
Private Facebook Group For Entrepreneurs: http://cli.re/657q2z
Premium courses I have created for you...
Stock Market Investing Course: http://cli.re/6JpAax
Stock Radar (Weekly Stock Analysis): http://cli.re/Gdre7j
Marijuana Stock Investing Course: http://cli.re/gXd3er
Building An AudienceOnline: http://cli.re/GZY2ZV
If you are looking to earn extra income, I am looking for business partners for one of my side businesses. Fill out this application and we will be in touch. I am looking for highly motivated individuals: http://cli.re/6a7Eq9
The equipment I use...
VLOGGING CAMERA: http://amzn.to/2smXFCO
MAIN CAMERA: http://amzn.to/2ymeocl
HANDHELD MICROPHONE: http://amzn.to/2t7kR7V
LAVALIER MICROPHONE: http://amzn.to/2u1j45q
STANDALONE MICROPHONE: http://amzn.to/2sjqMuK
POP FILTER: http://amzn.to/2H20d0y
TRIPOD: http://amzn.to/2qOSKZ5
SD CARD: http://amzn.to/2rttI3K
LIGHTING: http://amzn.to/2wsELQJ
ACOUSTIC PANELS: http://amzn.to/2s2ywjr
LAPTOP: http://amzn.to/2EtWpGI
DESKTOP: http://amzn.to/2EapW9b
VIDEO EDITING SOFTWARE: http://amzn.to/2nPPQ7K
THUMBNAIL EDITING SOFTWARE: http://amzn.to/2sl94XI
The books I recommend...
#1 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Wealth): http://amzn.to/2sncXrg
#2 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Mindset): http://amzn.to/2smXaIW
#3 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Happiness): http://amzn.to/2smO0Mv
#4 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Investing): http://amzn.to/2rsXWny
#5 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Tony Robbins) http://amzn.to/2vtNDAy
If anyone is looking to open a stock trading account, I highly recommend Robinhood as they offer free stock trading. I recommend them because this is the stock broker I use. Unlike traditional brokers, they do not charge commission on trades or require a minimum account balance.
Robinhood (AffiliateLink): http://cli.re/GRd3m5
Interested in Bitcoin? Sign up for Coinbase with the link below and get $10 worth of Bitcoin for free!
Coinbase (Affiliate Link): http://cli.re/gBRjmV
DISCLAIMER: I am not a financial adviser. These videos are for educational purposes only. Investing of any kind involves risk. While it is possible to minimize risk, your investments are solely your responsibility. It is imperative that you conduct your own research. I am merely sharing my opinion with no guarantee of gains or losses on investments.
(Send me something)
Scribner MediaLLCPO Box 641
Ballston Spa, NY 12020
Support the channel with a donation...
BTC = 1BRJhB1nuTum9sZ5huBbJwmq66Lqw7Tcac
ETH = 0x9A760ef81625Ff32E0A1245F2B5D2d4aEE9E6543
LTC = LQTn2XdpKxJf527ZvYT4xXTnix7BTtXwqg
In this collaboration with HonestFinance, we will be discussing how you can increase your credit score in as little as 30 days by learning about credit card utilization! Honest Finance has a number of different videos about responsible use of credit cards and how to increase your credit score.
Subscribe to Honest Finance here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNGiXK9ZsxIzY-3g_TPilBQ
Let's get social...FacebookPage: https://www.facebook.com/ryanoscribner/
Snapchat (behind the scenes): ryanoscribner
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ryanscribnerofficial/
Website: http://www.ryanoscribner.com
Free resources I have created for you...
Investing Course "How To Find A GreatInvestment": http://cli.re/GRdkZN
Investing Guide "Basics Of Technical StockAnalysis": http://cli.re/6ZWnYR
Investing Guide "Become A Millionaire With $5 A Day": http://cli.re/g9qXvg
Private Facebook Group For Entrepreneurs: http://cli.re/657q2z
Premium courses I have created for you...
Stock Market Investing Course: http://cli.re/6JpAax
Stock Radar (Weekly Stock Analysis): http://cli.re/Gdre7j
Marijuana Stock Investing Course: http://cli.re/gXd3er
Building An AudienceOnline: http://cli.re/GZY2ZV
If you are looking to earn extra income, I am looking for business partners for one of my side businesses. Fill out this application and we will be in touch. I am looking for highly motivated individuals: http://cli.re/6a7Eq9
The equipment I use...
VLOGGING CAMERA: http://amzn.to/2smXFCO
MAIN CAMERA: http://amzn.to/2ymeocl
HANDHELD MICROPHONE: http://amzn.to/2t7kR7V
LAVALIER MICROPHONE: http://amzn.to/2u1j45q
STANDALONE MICROPHONE: http://amzn.to/2sjqMuK
POP FILTER: http://amzn.to/2H20d0y
TRIPOD: http://amzn.to/2qOSKZ5
SD CARD: http://amzn.to/2rttI3K
LIGHTING: http://amzn.to/2wsELQJ
ACOUSTIC PANELS: http://amzn.to/2s2ywjr
LAPTOP: http://amzn.to/2EtWpGI
DESKTOP: http://amzn.to/2EapW9b
VIDEO EDITING SOFTWARE: http://amzn.to/2nPPQ7K
THUMBNAIL EDITING SOFTWARE: http://amzn.to/2sl94XI
The books I recommend...
#1 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Wealth): http://amzn.to/2sncXrg
#2 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Mindset): http://amzn.to/2smXaIW
#3 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Happiness): http://amzn.to/2smO0Mv
#4 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Investing): http://amzn.to/2rsXWny
#5 BOOK I RECOMMEND (Tony Robbins) http://amzn.to/2vtNDAy
If anyone is looking to open a stock trading account, I highly recommend Robinhood as they offer free stock trading. I recommend them because this is the stock broker I use. Unlike traditional brokers, they do not charge commission on trades or require a minimum account balance.
Robinhood (AffiliateLink): http://cli.re/GRd3m5
Interested in Bitcoin? Sign up for Coinbase with the link below and get $10 worth of Bitcoin for free!
Coinbase (Affiliate Link): http://cli.re/gBRjmV
DISCLAIMER: I am not a financial adviser. These videos are for educational purposes only. Investing of any kind involves risk. While it is possible to minimize risk, your investments are solely your responsibility. It is imperative that you conduct your own research. I am merely sharing my opinion with no guarantee of gains or losses on investments.
(Send me something)
Scribner MediaLLCPO Box 641
Ballston Spa, NY 12020
Support the channel with a donation...
BTC = 1BRJhB1nuTum9sZ5huBbJwmq66Lqw7Tcac
ETH = 0x9A760ef81625Ff32E0A1245F2B5D2d4aEE9E6543
LTC = LQTn2XdpKxJf527ZvYT4xXTnix7BTtXwqg
CHASEFREEDOM 👉 https://tinyurl.com/y7cde5lv
CHASE SAPPHIRE 👉 ttps://tinyurl.com/y8yqk439
CHASE RESERVE 👉 https://tinyurl.com/y9etdj6d
American Express 👉 https://tinyurl.com/zhqu5sr
How to Make $2,000+ w/ CREDIT CARDS?!
I hope you guys enjoy this video! Let me know in the comments what other types of these videos you want to see with my fiance!
My INSTA & Snap 👉 MISSMANGOBUTT
Stephiance's INSTA 👉 MISTERMANGOBUTT
PO BOX:
Stephanie Soo
9190 W Olympic Blvd. #127Beverly Hills, CA 90212
* I do earn a small commission if you decide to use my referral links; however, nothing changes for you! I'm not sure if they will be nicer because you have been referred but I have heard it may be easier to get approved!
Love you guys!
CHASEFREEDOM 👉 https://tinyurl.com/y7cde5lv
CHASE SAPPHIRE 👉 ttps://tinyurl.com/y8yqk439
CHASE RESERVE 👉 https://tinyurl.com/y9etdj6d
American Express 👉 https://tinyurl.com/zhqu5sr
How to Make $2,000+ w/ CREDIT CARDS?!
I hope you guys enjoy this video! Let me know in the comments what other types of these videos you want to see with my fiance!
My INSTA & Snap 👉 MISSMANGOBUTT
Stephiance's INSTA 👉 MISTERMANGOBUTT
PO BOX:
Stephanie Soo
9190 W Olympic Blvd. #127Beverly Hills, CA 90212
* I do earn a small commission if you decide to use my referral links; however, nothing changes for you! I'm not sure if they will be nicer because you have been referred but I have heard it may be easier to get approved!
Love you guys!
how to buy mobile on EMI/finance | from home credit | without debit card and credit card
in this video i m going to tell you how to buy mobile on emi/finance. easy to apply with home credit
query solved
1)how to buy a mobile on emi/finance from hom...
in this video i m going to tell you how to buy mobile on emi/finance. easy to apply with home credit
query solved
1)how to buy a mobile on emi/finance from home credit
2)what document needed
3)whats a processing fees
official website
https://www.homecredit.co.in/
my social links
https://www.facebook.com/urpersonalconsultant/
Share, Support, Subscribe!!!
urpersonalconsultant | ur personal consultant | personal consultant
About : UR PERSONAL CONSULTANT :- is a YouTube Channel, where you will find GOVERNMENT VACANCIES ,AS WELL ASPRIVATE VACANCIES ,EDUCATION UPDATES,GOVERNMEENT SCHEMES BANKING SCHEMS technological videos in Hindi, New Video is Posted Everyday :)
in this video i m going to tell you how to buy mobile on emi/finance. easy to apply with home credit
query solved
1)how to buy a mobile on emi/finance from home credit
2)what document needed
3)whats a processing fees
official website
https://www.homecredit.co.in/
my social links
https://www.facebook.com/urpersonalconsultant/
Share, Support, Subscribe!!!
urpersonalconsultant | ur personal consultant | personal consultant
About : UR PERSONAL CONSULTANT :- is a YouTube Channel, where you will find GOVERNMENT VACANCIES ,AS WELL ASPRIVATE VACANCIES ,EDUCATION UPDATES,GOVERNMEENT SCHEMES BANKING SCHEMS technological videos in Hindi, New Video is Posted Everyday :)
How to improve credit score uk and why is a positive credit score or credit report important for property investors?
DOWNLOAD "21 IDEASTO IMPROVE YOUR CREDIT RATING" HERE...http://yourfirstfourhouses.com/download-credit/
Before I go any further here, I have to make one thing very clear - I am NOT FCA approved and so if you decide to act on any of the stuff I'm suggesting, before doing so, please seek independent financial advice, ideally for an independant mortgage broker who can firstly determine if you are unmortgageable - or indeed suggest ways in white you can improve your credit score so you can become mortgageable again.
Phew... I'm glad we got that out the way!
Having a bulletproof credit rating is certainly NOT essential if you're going to invest in property, but there's no question it helps. Obviously, the higher your credit rating, the more appealing you are to lenders when it comes to getting a mortgage and the better exposure you'll have to better rates of interest on your finance.
So let's start by finding out what your credit rating or credit score actually is.
I personally use...
http://www.Noddle.co.uk
...to keep in tune with my credit rating, because unlike others, Noddle is free for life, not just for 30 days. It uses CallCredit, which is one of the big three referencing companies (the other two being Equifax and Experian).
All lenders use at least one of these companies, in addition to gathering other information about you, before deciding if they're going to lend to you. So go to their site, enter your details, and in a few minutes, you'll uncover a wealth of financial information about yourself and I bet there'll be one or two things in there that may actually surprise you!
I hope you found these 8 tips helpful, but more importantly I really hope you take a moment to download the "How To Improve Your Credit Rating" eBook, as there's a total of 21 really good actions that you can take to help improve your credit rating.
Please take a moment to subscribe to my YouTube and Facebook channels if you haven't already done so as this way I can keep you up to date when the next video is available for you.
I've also added below a link to every property tool I use - which I thought you might find helpful :-)
PLEASE SUBSCRIBE ON YOUTUBE...
https://www.youtube.com/c/yourfirstfo...
PLEASE LIKE MY FACEBOOKPAGE...
https://www.facebook.com/YourFirstFou...
DOWNLOAD MY PROPERTY TOOLS...
http://yourfirstfourhouses.com/download-tools/
How to improve credit score uk and why is a positive credit score or credit report important for property investors?
DOWNLOAD "21 IDEASTO IMPROVE YOUR CREDIT RATING" HERE...http://yourfirstfourhouses.com/download-credit/
Before I go any further here, I have to make one thing very clear - I am NOT FCA approved and so if you decide to act on any of the stuff I'm suggesting, before doing so, please seek independent financial advice, ideally for an independant mortgage broker who can firstly determine if you are unmortgageable - or indeed suggest ways in white you can improve your credit score so you can become mortgageable again.
Phew... I'm glad we got that out the way!
Having a bulletproof credit rating is certainly NOT essential if you're going to invest in property, but there's no question it helps. Obviously, the higher your credit rating, the more appealing you are to lenders when it comes to getting a mortgage and the better exposure you'll have to better rates of interest on your finance.
So let's start by finding out what your credit rating or credit score actually is.
I personally use...
http://www.Noddle.co.uk
...to keep in tune with my credit rating, because unlike others, Noddle is free for life, not just for 30 days. It uses CallCredit, which is one of the big three referencing companies (the other two being Equifax and Experian).
All lenders use at least one of these companies, in addition to gathering other information about you, before deciding if they're going to lend to you. So go to their site, enter your details, and in a few minutes, you'll uncover a wealth of financial information about yourself and I bet there'll be one or two things in there that may actually surprise you!
I hope you found these 8 tips helpful, but more importantly I really hope you take a moment to download the "How To Improve Your Credit Rating" eBook, as there's a total of 21 really good actions that you can take to help improve your credit rating.
Please take a moment to subscribe to my YouTube and Facebook channels if you haven't already done so as this way I can keep you up to date when the next video is available for you.
I've also added below a link to every property tool I use - which I thought you might find helpful :-)
PLEASE SUBSCRIBE ON YOUTUBE...
https://www.youtube.com/c/yourfirstfo...
PLEASE LIKE MY FACEBOOKPAGE...
https://www.facebook.com/YourFirstFou...
DOWNLOAD MY PROPERTY TOOLS...
http://yourfirstfourhouses.com/download-tools/
Personal Finance: Class 3 - Credit
A study of personal finance topics from the consumer and societal perspectives.
Topics include the preparation and interpretation of personal financial stateme...
A study of personal finance topics from the consumer and societal perspectives.
Topics include the preparation and interpretation of personal financial statements and budgets, the time value of money, personal saving, financial market and investment fundamentals, the effective use of consumer credit, personal bankruptcy, insurance principles, automotive and housing decisions, principles of personal taxation, and retirement planning.
This course will provide students with the concepts and critical thinking skills to understand the effects of financial decisions on individuals, families, and society.
Learn more about Missouri State iCourses at http://outreach.missouristate.edu/icourses.htm
A study of personal finance topics from the consumer and societal perspectives.
Topics include the preparation and interpretation of personal financial statements and budgets, the time value of money, personal saving, financial market and investment fundamentals, the effective use of consumer credit, personal bankruptcy, insurance principles, automotive and housing decisions, principles of personal taxation, and retirement planning.
This course will provide students with the concepts and critical thinking skills to understand the effects of financial decisions on individuals, families, and society.
Learn more about Missouri State iCourses at http://outreach.missouristate.edu/icourses.htm
We discuss issues such as credit sales vs cash sales, lending money to customers, credit terms such as 2/10 net30, What are good credit terms?, What are bad cre...
We discuss issues such as credit sales vs cash sales, lending money to customers, credit terms such as 2/10 net30, What are good credit terms?, What are bad credit terms?, The Cost of CreditSales, The Benefits of Credit Sales, Accounts ReceivablesA/R
We discuss issues such as credit sales vs cash sales, lending money to customers, credit terms such as 2/10 net30, What are good credit terms?, What are bad credit terms?, The Cost of CreditSales, The Benefits of Credit Sales, Accounts ReceivablesA/R
Bike Finance: Applying for credit with Wheelies.co.uk
In this video we take a look at how easy it is to finance your new bike with Wheelies.
Buying your bike on finance is quick and easy. The paperless online appl...
In this video we take a look at how easy it is to finance your new bike with Wheelies.
Buying your bike on finance is quick and easy. The paperless online application is straightforward and only takes approximately 10 minutes to complete from start to finish.
For all orders over £250 we offer two types of finance – 0% Interest free or ClassicCredit. For orders over £2700 we offer a special 48 month interest free option, which is the most competitive long term bike finance deal available. The amount of deposit you pay is up to you. Our flexible deposit means that you don’t have to pay a deposit at all, or you can choose to pay a larger deposit and reduce your monthly payments.
Calculating your finance payments is quick and easy. On every product priced over £250 you can hover over the “Finance” column which will show you a breakdown of the options available. Or you can use our interactive finance calculator at wheelies.co.uk/bikes-on-finance. You can input the total value of your order and choose from the available finance deals and instantly see how much the repayments will be.
There are two ways you can apply for bike finance. Over the phone by calling us, or through our online store at wheelies.co.uk. Your application will only take a couple of minutes and is usually approved instantly. For more information head over to wheelies.co.uk/bikes-on-finance.
In this video we take a look at how easy it is to finance your new bike with Wheelies.
Buying your bike on finance is quick and easy. The paperless online application is straightforward and only takes approximately 10 minutes to complete from start to finish.
For all orders over £250 we offer two types of finance – 0% Interest free or ClassicCredit. For orders over £2700 we offer a special 48 month interest free option, which is the most competitive long term bike finance deal available. The amount of deposit you pay is up to you. Our flexible deposit means that you don’t have to pay a deposit at all, or you can choose to pay a larger deposit and reduce your monthly payments.
Calculating your finance payments is quick and easy. On every product priced over £250 you can hover over the “Finance” column which will show you a breakdown of the options available. Or you can use our interactive finance calculator at wheelies.co.uk/bikes-on-finance. You can input the total value of your order and choose from the available finance deals and instantly see how much the repayments will be.
There are two ways you can apply for bike finance. Over the phone by calling us, or through our online store at wheelies.co.uk. Your application will only take a couple of minutes and is usually approved instantly. For more information head over to wheelies.co.uk/bikes-on-finance.
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ABOUT ME:
FULL TIME CRYPTOCURRENCY INVESTOR. THIS IS WHAT I DO 24/7 AND I PRIDE MYSELF ON MAKING MYSELF AVAILABLE TO MY SUBSCRIBERS, MY CONTACT INFO AT THE BOTTOM...
I "ONLY" SHOW PROGRAMS THAT PASS MY CRITERIA, THEREFORE EVERYTHING WE TALK ABOUT IN THIS CHANNEL IS ONLY "MY PERSONAL OPINION". I ONLY INVEST MY OWNMONEY!
MY OPINION IS NOT FINANCIAL ADVICE OF ...
Debt Buyers: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)
Companies that purchase debt cheaply then collect it aggressively are shockingly easy to start. We can prove it!
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight
published: 06 Jun 2016
Ethlend ICO Review - Democratizing Lending
In this video, I review Ethlend's upcoming initial coin offering.
In my point of view I am going to pass this ICO. There team could be stronger.
Its my personal opinion, I am not giving biased recommendations. I am not a financial adviser. Discuss with your advisers before investing in ICOs.
https://ethlend.io/
Fully decentralized peer to peer lending on the EthereumBlockchain. Wouldn't It Be GreatTo LiveIn A World Where Everyone Has The SameAccess To Finance, Or Even The Access To Finance In The FirstPlace? — Stani Kulechov, Founder Of ETHLend
Sign up for my favorite cryptocurrency exchange here: http://ianbalina.com/referral/binance
Join My TelegramMastermind: htto://ianbalina.com/mastermind
Website: http://ianbalina.com
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/diaryofamademan...
published: 30 Nov 2017
RAW: Bank of Canada explains cut to overnight lending rate
The Bank of CanadaGovernorStephen Poloz discusses his surprise move to cut the key overnight lending rate by a quarter per cent. He says 'oil price shock' will hurt incomes. The dollar plummeted following today's decision.
For the full story:
www.cbc.ca/1.2921370
published: 21 Jan 2015
How to pay off a 30 year home mortgage in 5-7 years
SUMMARY:
In the above video I reveal a powerful strategy that is practically available to all, but is known and fully understood by a very few. If one takes the time to learn and implement this method of eliminating debt, one may find themselves pleasantly surprised of how quickly their home mortgage, auto loans, student loans or business loans can be completely paid off.
This strategy is known as Velocity Banking and in the video I will demonstrate how Velocity Banking can be used to pay off a 30 year home mortgage in just 5-7 years without sending double payments to the bank or changing one’s current level of income.
RECAP OF THE VIDEO:
I start off by creating a scenario of a financial situation by taking an average household net income in the United States combined with some of th...
Predatory lending is the unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent practices of some lenders during the loan origination process. While there are no legal definitions in the United States for predatory lending, an audit report on predatory lending from the office of inspector general of the FDIC broadly defines predatory lending as "imposing unfair and abusive loan terms on borrowers."[1] Though there are laws against many of the specific practices commonly identified as predatory, various federal agencies use the phrase as a catch-all term for many specific illegal activities in the loan industry. Predatory lending should not be confused with predatory mortgage servicing which is the unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent practices of lenders and servicing agents during the loan or mortgage servicing pr...
As bitcoin's price continues to move sideways, Bittrex removed a handful of accounts from their exchange last night. It ended up being a very small percentage of users but the lesson is clear - control your own coins.
We'll also dive into margin trading and how it may be affecting the price of bitcoin and, more importantly, the flow of cash with any subsequent price movement.
Links:
Bittrex Accounts: https://cointelegraph.com/news/bitcoin-altcoin-exchange-bittrex-eyed-with-suspicion-due-to-thousands-of-mysterious-account-closings
Bittrex Statement: https://support.bittrex.com/hc/en-us/articles/115002187632-Statement-on-disabled-accounts
Bitfinex Stats: https://www.bitfinex.com/stats
BFXData: https://www.bfxdata.com/positions/btcusd
Get your free PDF here: http://www.coinmastery.com/in...
ANC On The Money: Lending to Friends and Family
JOIN MY TEAM WITH LENDCONNECT!
https://dashboard.lendconnect.io/ref/Cryptodj1997
SIGN UP FOR COIN EXCHANGE HERE!
https://www.coinexchange.io/?r=8fe76284
SIGN UP FOR BINANCE HERE!
https://www.binance.com/?ref=12599659
SIGN UP FOR PAGAREX HERE!
https://pagarex.io/ref/831370?lang=en&go=register
--DISCLAIMER--: PLEASE ONLY INVEST ON WHAT YOU CAN LOSE, I AM NOT A FINANCIAL ADVISER, I LOVE TO SHARE MY ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS AND OPINIONS! LENDCONNECT 4 LIFE!
PLEASE SMASH THE LIKE BUTTON AND SUBSCRIBE TO THE CHANNEL!
***Please consult your accountant and / or tax attorney before making any investments
Our top coins for 2018:
LITECOIN
RIPPLE
ETHEREUM
BITCOIN
ELECTRONEUM
NEO
TRONIX
DRAGONCHAIN
7 MORE WE'RE HOLDING:
StellarXLM
Digibyte DGBCardanoADAStart Coin STARTVergeXVG
Crypterium CRPT
Universa
We're excited about this new ICO. OTCRIT. Presale 20% token bonus. SendETH from a wallet...not an exchage, and be sure to use a VPN, as US citizens not allowed:
https://platform.otcrit.org/presale
We're staking in Thorncoin:
http://thorncoin.com/ref/ttqe5m5n1kfn...
We're lending with numiv via arbitrage. Buy on stocks.exchange.com, transfer to numiv platform, and lend:
https://numivcoin.com/?r=exacta45
Tried to get coins on this ICO but price keeps climbing. Good luck:
https://monetizecoin....
published: 26 Feb 2018
Going Paperless: Tips & Tools for Every Stage of the Digital Lending Process
GoingPaperless: Tips & Tools for Every Stage of the Digital Lending Process is the fourth and final webinar in the Center for AutoFinanceExcellence's 2015 free webinar series. The Center for Auto Finance Excellence is pleased to present this webinar, which offers best practices for auto lenders on how to integrate paperless operations throughout the lending process. While some early adopters initiated paperless transactions years ago, most auto lenders are behind the curve when it comes to creating a completely digital lending environment. Hurdles include cost, and laws in some states that require so-called "wet ink" signatures. But simple reluctance to change is a factor, too. Automotive e-contracting has been referred to as "the slowest adoption of a killer app in history."
In this h...
Companies that purchase debt cheaply then collect it aggressively are shockingly easy to start. We can prove it!
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight
Companies that purchase debt cheaply then collect it aggressively are shockingly easy to start. We can prove it!
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight
Ethlend ICO Review - Democratizing Lending
In this video, I review Ethlend's upcoming initial coin offering.
In my point of view I am going to pass this ICO. There team could be stronger.
Its my person...
In this video, I review Ethlend's upcoming initial coin offering.
In my point of view I am going to pass this ICO. There team could be stronger.
Its my personal opinion, I am not giving biased recommendations. I am not a financial adviser. Discuss with your advisers before investing in ICOs.
https://ethlend.io/
Fully decentralized peer to peer lending on the EthereumBlockchain. Wouldn't It Be GreatTo LiveIn A World Where Everyone Has The SameAccess To Finance, Or Even The Access To Finance In The FirstPlace? — Stani Kulechov, Founder Of ETHLend
Sign up for my favorite cryptocurrency exchange here: http://ianbalina.com/referral/binance
Join My TelegramMastermind: htto://ianbalina.com/mastermind
Website: http://ianbalina.com
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/diaryofamademan/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/diaryofamademan
Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/diaryofamademan
Steemit: http://steemit.com/@ianbalina
DIARY OF A MADE MANLLC IS NOT PROVIDING INDIVIDUALLY TAILORED INVESTMENT ADVICE AND IS NOT TAKING SUBSCRIBERS PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES INTO CONSIDERATION WHEN DISCUSSING INVESTMENTS IN ICOS.
DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC IS NOT REGISTERED TO PROVIDE INVESTMENT ADVICE AND ARE SIMPLY PROVIDING AN OPINION, GIVING THEIR PARTICULAR EXPERIENCE, WHEN DISCUSSING ICOS.
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS NOT AN OFFER OR SOLICITATION TO BUY, HOLD, OR SELL ANY SECURITY. DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC IS NOT A BROKER-DEALER OR FINANCIAL ADVISER AND IS NOT AFFILIATED WITH AN INVESTMENT ADVISORY FIRM. DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC DOES NOT ENGAGE IN ACTIVITIES THAT WOULD REQUIRE SUCH REGISTRATION.
DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC AND/OR ANY COMPANIES AFFILIATED WITH DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC, ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY GAINS OR LOSSES THAT RESULT FROM THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED HEREIN. DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC MAKES NO REPRESENTATION AS TO THE COMPLETENESS, ACCURACY, OR TIMELINESS OF THE MATERIAL PROVIDED AND ALL MATERIALS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. FOR THE FULL DISCLAIMER, DISCLOSURE, PRIVACY POLICY, AND TERMS OF SERVICE FOR USE OF THE SERVICES, PLEASE VISIT THE WEBSITE: WWW.IANBALINA.COM.
THE ICOS DISCUSSED HEREIN HAVE NOT BEEN REVIEWED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITY.
FURTHERMORE, THE FOREGOING AUTHORITIES HAVE NOT CONFIRMED THE ACCURACY OR DETERMINED THE ADEQUACY OF THE ICO OFFERING DOCUMENTS.
ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
THE ICOS IDENTIFIED HEREIN MAY CONSTITUTE SECURITIES PURSUANT TO FEDERAL AND STATE SECURITIES LAWS AND MAY NOT BE APPROPRIATE FOR, OR OFFERED TO, INVESTORS RESIDING IN THE UNITED STATES. IN MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION, INVESTORS MUST RELY ON THEIR OWN EXAMINATION OF THE PERSON OR ENTITY ISSUING THE ICO AND THE TERMS OF THE OFFERING, INCLUDING THE MERITS AND RISKS INVOLVED.
INVESTMENT IN ICOS INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ONLY BY PERSONS WHO CAN AFFORD TO SUSTAIN A LOSS OF THEIR ENTIRE INVESTMENT. INVESTORS IN ICOS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR FINANCIAL ADVISER BEFORE INVESTING IN ICOS. THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION HAS WARNED INVESTORS RESIDING IN THE UNITED STATES THAT ICOS MAY CONSTITUTE SECURITIES, AND BY INVESTING IN ICOS, INVESTORS MAY BE PURCHASING UNREGISTERED SECURITIES OFFERINGS. US INVESTORS WHO INVEST IN MAY BE UNABLE TO RECOVER ANY LOSSES SUSTAINED IN THE EVENT OF FRAUD OR THEFT.
In this video, I review Ethlend's upcoming initial coin offering.
In my point of view I am going to pass this ICO. There team could be stronger.
Its my personal opinion, I am not giving biased recommendations. I am not a financial adviser. Discuss with your advisers before investing in ICOs.
https://ethlend.io/
Fully decentralized peer to peer lending on the EthereumBlockchain. Wouldn't It Be GreatTo LiveIn A World Where Everyone Has The SameAccess To Finance, Or Even The Access To Finance In The FirstPlace? — Stani Kulechov, Founder Of ETHLend
Sign up for my favorite cryptocurrency exchange here: http://ianbalina.com/referral/binance
Join My TelegramMastermind: htto://ianbalina.com/mastermind
Website: http://ianbalina.com
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/diaryofamademan/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/diaryofamademan
Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/diaryofamademan
Steemit: http://steemit.com/@ianbalina
DIARY OF A MADE MANLLC IS NOT PROVIDING INDIVIDUALLY TAILORED INVESTMENT ADVICE AND IS NOT TAKING SUBSCRIBERS PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES INTO CONSIDERATION WHEN DISCUSSING INVESTMENTS IN ICOS.
DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC IS NOT REGISTERED TO PROVIDE INVESTMENT ADVICE AND ARE SIMPLY PROVIDING AN OPINION, GIVING THEIR PARTICULAR EXPERIENCE, WHEN DISCUSSING ICOS.
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS NOT AN OFFER OR SOLICITATION TO BUY, HOLD, OR SELL ANY SECURITY. DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC IS NOT A BROKER-DEALER OR FINANCIAL ADVISER AND IS NOT AFFILIATED WITH AN INVESTMENT ADVISORY FIRM. DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC DOES NOT ENGAGE IN ACTIVITIES THAT WOULD REQUIRE SUCH REGISTRATION.
DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC AND/OR ANY COMPANIES AFFILIATED WITH DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC, ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY GAINS OR LOSSES THAT RESULT FROM THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED HEREIN. DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC MAKES NO REPRESENTATION AS TO THE COMPLETENESS, ACCURACY, OR TIMELINESS OF THE MATERIAL PROVIDED AND ALL MATERIALS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. FOR THE FULL DISCLAIMER, DISCLOSURE, PRIVACY POLICY, AND TERMS OF SERVICE FOR USE OF THE SERVICES, PLEASE VISIT THE WEBSITE: WWW.IANBALINA.COM.
THE ICOS DISCUSSED HEREIN HAVE NOT BEEN REVIEWED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITY.
FURTHERMORE, THE FOREGOING AUTHORITIES HAVE NOT CONFIRMED THE ACCURACY OR DETERMINED THE ADEQUACY OF THE ICO OFFERING DOCUMENTS.
ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
THE ICOS IDENTIFIED HEREIN MAY CONSTITUTE SECURITIES PURSUANT TO FEDERAL AND STATE SECURITIES LAWS AND MAY NOT BE APPROPRIATE FOR, OR OFFERED TO, INVESTORS RESIDING IN THE UNITED STATES. IN MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION, INVESTORS MUST RELY ON THEIR OWN EXAMINATION OF THE PERSON OR ENTITY ISSUING THE ICO AND THE TERMS OF THE OFFERING, INCLUDING THE MERITS AND RISKS INVOLVED.
INVESTMENT IN ICOS INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ONLY BY PERSONS WHO CAN AFFORD TO SUSTAIN A LOSS OF THEIR ENTIRE INVESTMENT. INVESTORS IN ICOS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR FINANCIAL ADVISER BEFORE INVESTING IN ICOS. THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION HAS WARNED INVESTORS RESIDING IN THE UNITED STATES THAT ICOS MAY CONSTITUTE SECURITIES, AND BY INVESTING IN ICOS, INVESTORS MAY BE PURCHASING UNREGISTERED SECURITIES OFFERINGS. US INVESTORS WHO INVEST IN MAY BE UNABLE TO RECOVER ANY LOSSES SUSTAINED IN THE EVENT OF FRAUD OR THEFT.
The Bank of CanadaGovernorStephen Poloz discusses his surprise move to cut the key overnight lending rate by a quarter per cent. He says 'oil price shock' will hurt incomes. The dollar plummeted following today's decision.
For the full story:
www.cbc.ca/1.2921370
The Bank of CanadaGovernorStephen Poloz discusses his surprise move to cut the key overnight lending rate by a quarter per cent. He says 'oil price shock' will hurt incomes. The dollar plummeted following today's decision.
For the full story:
www.cbc.ca/1.2921370
How to pay off a 30 year home mortgage in 5-7 years
SUMMARY:
In the above video I reveal a powerful strategy that is practically available to all, but is known and fully understood by a very few. If one takes th...
SUMMARY:
In the above video I reveal a powerful strategy that is practically available to all, but is known and fully understood by a very few. If one takes the time to learn and implement this method of eliminating debt, one may find themselves pleasantly surprised of how quickly their home mortgage, auto loans, student loans or business loans can be completely paid off.
This strategy is known as Velocity Banking and in the video I will demonstrate how Velocity Banking can be used to pay off a 30 year home mortgage in just 5-7 years without sending double payments to the bank or changing one’s current level of income.
RECAP OF THE VIDEO:
I start off by creating a scenario of a financial situation by taking an average household net income in the United States combined with some of the basic monthly expenses: home mortgage, minimum payment on a credit card, car payment and living expenses which include groceries, utilities, gym membership…
Once all expenses are identified and subtracted from the net monthly income it is important to understand the impact of cash flow, the difference between a loan and a line of credit, how the interest of a loan and a line of credit is calculated, and how monthly payments on a mortgage are dispersed between interest and principal paydown. To help demonstrate these differences I create tables and an amortization graph. As I go on to unveil the main differences I also identify the biggest reason why nowadays most homeowners are unable to payoff their home mortgages due to the unstrategic use of home refinancing.
By this point having had identified the difference between a loan and a line of credit I can reveal the benefits of utilizing a line of credit to pay off a home mortgage in 5-7 years. This is where I get into the Velocity Banking strategy which incorporates an unaccustomed method of moving one’s entire monthly paycheck into a line of credit instead of the accustomed checkings and savings accounts. By adopting this method one can leverage a line of credit to free up cash flow, gain cash back rewards, build credit history and improve credit score, but the greatest leverage created is the thousands if not hundreds of thousands of dollars in interest savings.
KARL'S MORTGAGE CALCULATOR APP:
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/karls-mortgage-calculator/id1025852681?mt=8
★☆★ MAY 19TH, 2018 (SATURDAY) JOIN MY MENTOR FOR ADVANCED VELOCITY BANKING TRAINING FROM 9 AM - 5 PM (CENTRAL TIME) ★☆★
This will be a live training in Chicago to which I am willing to share a FREE live broadcast link.
What You CanExpect To Get Out Of The Advanced Velocity Banking Training -
- Recap of the Velocity Banking strategy
- Discuss lines of credit, debt transfer & wealth accumulation
- Learn how to reduce the amount of interest paid on financed investments and how to manage and maximize cash flow on your portfolio.
- Learn how the flow of money into the portfolio is paramount for success. Learners will also be able to implement the methods that pay off mortgages years and decades earlier, increase their profitability, and build equity through cash flow management.
- Receive the opportunity to develop the Velocity Banking mindset which will create opportunities and robust results for your investments, and help anchor your real estate portfolio.
If you think you can benefit from receiving this training please email me at Laura@epcinvestments.com and I will set you up with a live link for the day of the training.
★☆★ SUBSCRIBE TO MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL FOR VIDEOS ABOUT REAL ESTATE AND BUSINESS ★☆★
★☆★ CONNECT WITH ME ON SOCIAL MEDIA ★☆★
FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/Laura-Pitkute-1464576883611081/
INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/laurapitkute/?hl=en
LINKEDIN: https://www.linkedin.com/in/laura-pitkute-a039399b/
DISCLAIMER: Please consult with a competent professional prior to engaging in any financial strategies. Not everyone will experience 100% success rate by using this strategy as it requires a commitment to keep applying this strategy over time until the desired result is achieved. I (Laura Pitkute) do not promise or guarantee any specific outcomes and/or results from the use of this strategy.
SUMMARY:
In the above video I reveal a powerful strategy that is practically available to all, but is known and fully understood by a very few. If one takes the time to learn and implement this method of eliminating debt, one may find themselves pleasantly surprised of how quickly their home mortgage, auto loans, student loans or business loans can be completely paid off.
This strategy is known as Velocity Banking and in the video I will demonstrate how Velocity Banking can be used to pay off a 30 year home mortgage in just 5-7 years without sending double payments to the bank or changing one’s current level of income.
RECAP OF THE VIDEO:
I start off by creating a scenario of a financial situation by taking an average household net income in the United States combined with some of the basic monthly expenses: home mortgage, minimum payment on a credit card, car payment and living expenses which include groceries, utilities, gym membership…
Once all expenses are identified and subtracted from the net monthly income it is important to understand the impact of cash flow, the difference between a loan and a line of credit, how the interest of a loan and a line of credit is calculated, and how monthly payments on a mortgage are dispersed between interest and principal paydown. To help demonstrate these differences I create tables and an amortization graph. As I go on to unveil the main differences I also identify the biggest reason why nowadays most homeowners are unable to payoff their home mortgages due to the unstrategic use of home refinancing.
By this point having had identified the difference between a loan and a line of credit I can reveal the benefits of utilizing a line of credit to pay off a home mortgage in 5-7 years. This is where I get into the Velocity Banking strategy which incorporates an unaccustomed method of moving one’s entire monthly paycheck into a line of credit instead of the accustomed checkings and savings accounts. By adopting this method one can leverage a line of credit to free up cash flow, gain cash back rewards, build credit history and improve credit score, but the greatest leverage created is the thousands if not hundreds of thousands of dollars in interest savings.
KARL'S MORTGAGE CALCULATOR APP:
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/karls-mortgage-calculator/id1025852681?mt=8
★☆★ MAY 19TH, 2018 (SATURDAY) JOIN MY MENTOR FOR ADVANCED VELOCITY BANKING TRAINING FROM 9 AM - 5 PM (CENTRAL TIME) ★☆★
This will be a live training in Chicago to which I am willing to share a FREE live broadcast link.
What You CanExpect To Get Out Of The Advanced Velocity Banking Training -
- Recap of the Velocity Banking strategy
- Discuss lines of credit, debt transfer & wealth accumulation
- Learn how to reduce the amount of interest paid on financed investments and how to manage and maximize cash flow on your portfolio.
- Learn how the flow of money into the portfolio is paramount for success. Learners will also be able to implement the methods that pay off mortgages years and decades earlier, increase their profitability, and build equity through cash flow management.
- Receive the opportunity to develop the Velocity Banking mindset which will create opportunities and robust results for your investments, and help anchor your real estate portfolio.
If you think you can benefit from receiving this training please email me at Laura@epcinvestments.com and I will set you up with a live link for the day of the training.
★☆★ SUBSCRIBE TO MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL FOR VIDEOS ABOUT REAL ESTATE AND BUSINESS ★☆★
★☆★ CONNECT WITH ME ON SOCIAL MEDIA ★☆★
FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/Laura-Pitkute-1464576883611081/
INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/laurapitkute/?hl=en
LINKEDIN: https://www.linkedin.com/in/laura-pitkute-a039399b/
DISCLAIMER: Please consult with a competent professional prior to engaging in any financial strategies. Not everyone will experience 100% success rate by using this strategy as it requires a commitment to keep applying this strategy over time until the desired result is achieved. I (Laura Pitkute) do not promise or guarantee any specific outcomes and/or results from the use of this strategy.
Predatory lending is the unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent practices of some lenders during the loan origination process. While there are no legal definitions in...
Predatory lending is the unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent practices of some lenders during the loan origination process. While there are no legal definitions in the United States for predatory lending, an audit report on predatory lending from the office of inspector general of the FDIC broadly defines predatory lending as "imposing unfair and abusive loan terms on borrowers."[1] Though there are laws against many of the specific practices commonly identified as predatory, various federal agencies use the phrase as a catch-all term for many specific illegal activities in the loan industry. Predatory lending should not be confused with predatory mortgage servicing which is the unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent practices of lenders and servicing agents during the loan or mortgage servicing process, post loan origination.
One less contentious definition of the term is "the practice of a lender deceptively convincing borrowers to agree to unfair and abusive loan terms, or systematically violating those terms in ways that make it difficult for the borrower to defend against."[2][3] Other types of lending sometimes also referred to as predatory include payday loans, certain types of credit cards, mainly subprime, or other forms of (again, often subprime) consumer debt, and overdraft loans, when the interest rates are considered unreasonably high.[4] Although predatory lenders are most likely to target the less educated, the poor, racial minorities, and the elderly, victims of predatory lending are represented across all demographics.[5][6]
Predatory lending typically occurs on loans backed by some kind of collateral, such as a car or house, so that if the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can repossess or foreclose and profit by selling the repossessed or foreclosed property. Lenders may be accused of tricking a borrower into believing that an interest rate is lower than it actually is, or that the borrower's ability to pay is greater than it actually is. The lender, or others as agents of the lender, may well profit from repossession or foreclosure upon the collateral.
Many laws at both the Federal and state government level are aimed at preventing predatory lending. Although not specifically anti-predatory in nature, the Federal Truth in Lending Act requires certain disclosures of APR and loan terms. Also, in 1994 section 32 of the Truth in Lending Act, entitled the Home Ownership and EquityProtection Act of 1994, was created. This law is devoted to identifying certain high-cost, potentially predatory mortgage loans and reining in their terms. Twenty-five states have passed anti-predatory lending laws. Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, North Carolina, New York, New Jersey, New Mexico and South Carolina are among those states considered to have the strongest laws. Other states with predatory lending laws include: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Wisconsin, and West Virginia. These laws usually describe one or more classes of "high-cost" or "covered" loans, which are defined by the fees charged to the borrower at origination or the APR. While lenders are not prohibited from making "high-cost" or "covered" loans, a number of additional restrictions are placed on these loans, and the penalties for noncompliance can be substantial.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predatory_lending
Predatory lending is the unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent practices of some lenders during the loan origination process. While there are no legal definitions in the United States for predatory lending, an audit report on predatory lending from the office of inspector general of the FDIC broadly defines predatory lending as "imposing unfair and abusive loan terms on borrowers."[1] Though there are laws against many of the specific practices commonly identified as predatory, various federal agencies use the phrase as a catch-all term for many specific illegal activities in the loan industry. Predatory lending should not be confused with predatory mortgage servicing which is the unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent practices of lenders and servicing agents during the loan or mortgage servicing process, post loan origination.
One less contentious definition of the term is "the practice of a lender deceptively convincing borrowers to agree to unfair and abusive loan terms, or systematically violating those terms in ways that make it difficult for the borrower to defend against."[2][3] Other types of lending sometimes also referred to as predatory include payday loans, certain types of credit cards, mainly subprime, or other forms of (again, often subprime) consumer debt, and overdraft loans, when the interest rates are considered unreasonably high.[4] Although predatory lenders are most likely to target the less educated, the poor, racial minorities, and the elderly, victims of predatory lending are represented across all demographics.[5][6]
Predatory lending typically occurs on loans backed by some kind of collateral, such as a car or house, so that if the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can repossess or foreclose and profit by selling the repossessed or foreclosed property. Lenders may be accused of tricking a borrower into believing that an interest rate is lower than it actually is, or that the borrower's ability to pay is greater than it actually is. The lender, or others as agents of the lender, may well profit from repossession or foreclosure upon the collateral.
Many laws at both the Federal and state government level are aimed at preventing predatory lending. Although not specifically anti-predatory in nature, the Federal Truth in Lending Act requires certain disclosures of APR and loan terms. Also, in 1994 section 32 of the Truth in Lending Act, entitled the Home Ownership and EquityProtection Act of 1994, was created. This law is devoted to identifying certain high-cost, potentially predatory mortgage loans and reining in their terms. Twenty-five states have passed anti-predatory lending laws. Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, North Carolina, New York, New Jersey, New Mexico and South Carolina are among those states considered to have the strongest laws. Other states with predatory lending laws include: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Wisconsin, and West Virginia. These laws usually describe one or more classes of "high-cost" or "covered" loans, which are defined by the fees charged to the borrower at origination or the APR. While lenders are not prohibited from making "high-cost" or "covered" loans, a number of additional restrictions are placed on these loans, and the penalties for noncompliance can be substantial.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predatory_lending
https://regalcoin.co/ref/THC01
https://www.coinexchange2.com/?r=19d5e811
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* https://hydrocoin.io/link/TeamUs CryptoCurrency With Green Energy
* https://cryptoxchanger.net/?r=dutchcryptocoin@gmail.com
* https://bitserial.io/register?sp=ouwe
* https://tokensale.crypterium.io/?ref=d575d87aa779bc34435c6614
* https://falconcoin.co/app/CI/customer/register?Ref=dutch
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* If you got coins transfer it wallet to wallet.
* If you get interest in the other account in USD convert it to REC,
then transfer to your new account under us,its that easy.
Disclaimer:
* We are not financial advisors,
* these investments platforms is of our choice and may not be for everyone.
* You should only invest the amount of money you can/will afford to lose!!
* Please do not gamble or jeaporadize funds that you can't afford to lose in any investment.
* This is not financial advice or guidance.
* All statements are purely opinions and any investor must do their own research,
and consider the risks involved before making any investment.
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bitcoins: 1PuKA3uUD8WaR8QrbBB1PFn6UAMv7yWcbT
https://regalcoin.co/ref/THC01
https://www.coinexchange2.com/?r=19d5e811
JoinTeam "First Investers" For The BestNews First ! One Channel--All The News !
It's Time To Join Our Team Today!!
We Don't Make The News,We Collect The Best News First For You !
We Are The Very First,The Biggest And The Best Lending PlatformsInfoChannel
For The Latest Lending Platforms:
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* https://vrlps.co/a?pt=24egHeF-mYgN9sCzFHAbpvZzKrw&referralCode=ryV6HNFNM&refSource=copy
* https://bankcoin.io/?ref=236229527317
* https://legendcoin.co/?ref=qxkgr
* https://regalcoin.co/ref/THC01
* https://hydrocoin.io/link/TeamUs CryptoCurrency With Green Energy
* https://cryptoxchanger.net/?r=dutchcryptocoin@gmail.com
* https://bitserial.io/register?sp=ouwe
* https://tokensale.crypterium.io/?ref=d575d87aa779bc34435c6614
* https://falconcoin.co/app/CI/customer/register?Ref=dutch
* https://steneum.com/?aff=697
* https://www.coinexchange.io/?r=19d5e811
* https://www.litebit.eu?referrer=34002
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" Get Rich By Lending Out Your Money "
One Channel For All Your Lending Platforms News.
We Don't Make The News,We Collect The Best News First For You !
We Are The Very First,The Biggest And The Best Lending Platforms Info Channel
For The Latest Lending Platforms:
News,Tips and Trics ! ! !
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======================================================
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Subscribe Now And Get The Best News First
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Switch To Us.. Team "First Investers" !!
* CreateMultiple Accounts With 1 E-mail Account!!
* Open a new account with our link.
* If you got a loan leave it there.
* If you got coins transfer it wallet to wallet.
* If you get interest in the other account in USD convert it to REC,
then transfer to your new account under us,its that easy.
Disclaimer:
* We are not financial advisors,
* these investments platforms is of our choice and may not be for everyone.
* You should only invest the amount of money you can/will afford to lose!!
* Please do not gamble or jeaporadize funds that you can't afford to lose in any investment.
* This is not financial advice or guidance.
* All statements are purely opinions and any investor must do their own research,
and consider the risks involved before making any investment.
LIKE | | SHARE | | C O M M E N T | | SUBSCRIBE
======================================================
We Are The Very First,The Biggest And The Best Lending Platforms Info Channel
For The Latest Lending Platforms:
News,Tips and Trics ! ! !
All Donations Go Towards HelpingKidsStay Out Of Jails and OffDrugs!!
bitcoins: 1PuKA3uUD8WaR8QrbBB1PFn6UAMv7yWcbT
FALCONCOINICO REFERRAL LINK:
https://dashboard.falconcoin.co/referral/hillsidecrypto2017
HASHFLARE LINK:
https://hashflare.io/r/8789255F
Vone ICO Site:
https://v-one.io/?r=2550
SFICOIN REFERRAL SITE LINK:
https://sficoin.co/ref/hillsidecrypto/L
(MAKESURE TO CLICK THE LINK AND CREATE YOUR ACCOUNT RIGHT THEN)
- NOTES: MAKE SURE THAT YOU USE MY LINK AND SIGN UP ASAP ON MY LEFTLEG, SO THAT I CAN HELP YOU BUILD ONE OF YOUR TEAM LEGS FOR FREE.
YOKUCOIN SITE LINK:
https://yokucoin.com/register/HillsideCrypto
IDEACOIN SITE LINK:
https://ico.ideacoin.co/invite/HillsideCrypto
CHRONIUM REFERRAL LINK:
https://chronium.io/?r=Hillside
UCOIN CASH ICO referral link:
https://ucoincash.co/ref/hillsidecrypto
HEXTRACOIN LINK: https://hextracoin.co/register?referrer=HillsideCrypto
ELETRONEUM LINK: https://my.electroneum.com/join/76B674
referrer=HillsideCrypto
WESTERNCOIN ReferralLink: https://www.westerncoin.co/hillsidecrypto
BITCONNECT LINK: https://bitconnect.co/?ref=hillsidecrypto
COINEXCHANGE.IO LINK: https://www.coinexchange.io/?r=c4af1d22
MY NEWCRYPTO DISCORD CHANNEL LINK:
https://discord.gg/3dQrqAs
Here is a video where I give you my strong opinions on FalconCoin and also many updates and some news on what is going on. I really feel like this platform has a lot to offer us all and that when they get back up and going properly, that they have a great chance at winning the hearts of many of us by their awesome and unique lending platform structure. I feel like we are gonna see this platform grow in popularity very soon and that we all will be very glad that we invested in it and that we have made our loans. I have strong believe for some reason that this company is really wanting to have a great platform and that they are here long term. Time will tell, but don't give up on them. I am investing into this company even through all their issues that they have had. Hope you enjoy me sharing my investments with you. Cheers
If you have any questions, please feel free to ask in the comments section. Remember, no bad words or links in the comments. Thank you and have a great day :)
I hope that you enjoy this video and if you do, please leave a like and share this video. Below I will leave my bitcoin donation address in case that anyone would like to donate to help fund other great adventures in my bitcoin investing. (don't ever invest more than you can afford to loose!)
NOTES: This is not financial or investing advice and I am just showing you and sharing with you my Crypto journey. What you do with your money is your decision and I take no financial responsibility for your investments. Thanks for your understanding and happy investing :)
Music provided by: NCS (No Copyright Sounds)
Check out my Twitch live streams 4 days a week at: https://www.twitch.tv/hillsidegaming
Bitcoin donation address here:125VMzoh4it52zqkMQcdQi8WLKirVHY84s
Brandenburg Concerto No4-1 BWV1049 - Classical Whimsical by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100303
Artist: http://incompetech.com/
FALCONCOINICO REFERRAL LINK:
https://dashboard.falconcoin.co/referral/hillsidecrypto2017
HASHFLARE LINK:
https://hashflare.io/r/8789255F
Vone ICO Site:
https://v-one.io/?r=2550
SFICOIN REFERRAL SITE LINK:
https://sficoin.co/ref/hillsidecrypto/L
(MAKESURE TO CLICK THE LINK AND CREATE YOUR ACCOUNT RIGHT THEN)
- NOTES: MAKE SURE THAT YOU USE MY LINK AND SIGN UP ASAP ON MY LEFTLEG, SO THAT I CAN HELP YOU BUILD ONE OF YOUR TEAM LEGS FOR FREE.
YOKUCOIN SITE LINK:
https://yokucoin.com/register/HillsideCrypto
IDEACOIN SITE LINK:
https://ico.ideacoin.co/invite/HillsideCrypto
CHRONIUM REFERRAL LINK:
https://chronium.io/?r=Hillside
UCOIN CASH ICO referral link:
https://ucoincash.co/ref/hillsidecrypto
HEXTRACOIN LINK: https://hextracoin.co/register?referrer=HillsideCrypto
ELETRONEUM LINK: https://my.electroneum.com/join/76B674
referrer=HillsideCrypto
WESTERNCOIN ReferralLink: https://www.westerncoin.co/hillsidecrypto
BITCONNECT LINK: https://bitconnect.co/?ref=hillsidecrypto
COINEXCHANGE.IO LINK: https://www.coinexchange.io/?r=c4af1d22
MY NEWCRYPTO DISCORD CHANNEL LINK:
https://discord.gg/3dQrqAs
Here is a video where I give you my strong opinions on FalconCoin and also many updates and some news on what is going on. I really feel like this platform has a lot to offer us all and that when they get back up and going properly, that they have a great chance at winning the hearts of many of us by their awesome and unique lending platform structure. I feel like we are gonna see this platform grow in popularity very soon and that we all will be very glad that we invested in it and that we have made our loans. I have strong believe for some reason that this company is really wanting to have a great platform and that they are here long term. Time will tell, but don't give up on them. I am investing into this company even through all their issues that they have had. Hope you enjoy me sharing my investments with you. Cheers
If you have any questions, please feel free to ask in the comments section. Remember, no bad words or links in the comments. Thank you and have a great day :)
I hope that you enjoy this video and if you do, please leave a like and share this video. Below I will leave my bitcoin donation address in case that anyone would like to donate to help fund other great adventures in my bitcoin investing. (don't ever invest more than you can afford to loose!)
NOTES: This is not financial or investing advice and I am just showing you and sharing with you my Crypto journey. What you do with your money is your decision and I take no financial responsibility for your investments. Thanks for your understanding and happy investing :)
Music provided by: NCS (No Copyright Sounds)
Check out my Twitch live streams 4 days a week at: https://www.twitch.tv/hillsidegaming
Bitcoin donation address here:125VMzoh4it52zqkMQcdQi8WLKirVHY84s
Brandenburg Concerto No4-1 BWV1049 - Classical Whimsical by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100303
Artist: http://incompetech.com/
As bitcoin's price continues to move sideways, Bittrex removed a handful of accounts from their exchange last night. It ended up being a very small percentage o...
As bitcoin's price continues to move sideways, Bittrex removed a handful of accounts from their exchange last night. It ended up being a very small percentage of users but the lesson is clear - control your own coins.
We'll also dive into margin trading and how it may be affecting the price of bitcoin and, more importantly, the flow of cash with any subsequent price movement.
Links:
Bittrex Accounts: https://cointelegraph.com/news/bitcoin-altcoin-exchange-bittrex-eyed-with-suspicion-due-to-thousands-of-mysterious-account-closings
Bittrex Statement: https://support.bittrex.com/hc/en-us/articles/115002187632-Statement-on-disabled-accounts
Bitfinex Stats: https://www.bitfinex.com/stats
BFXData: https://www.bfxdata.com/positions/btcusd
Get your free PDF here: http://www.coinmastery.com/invest
Subscribe to the Podcast: http://www.coinmastery.com/itunes
Subscribe on Android: http://www.coinmastery.com/android
Follow me on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/carterthomas
Learn technical analysis + trading for crypto: http://www.coinmastery.com/trading-class
As bitcoin's price continues to move sideways, Bittrex removed a handful of accounts from their exchange last night. It ended up being a very small percentage of users but the lesson is clear - control your own coins.
We'll also dive into margin trading and how it may be affecting the price of bitcoin and, more importantly, the flow of cash with any subsequent price movement.
Links:
Bittrex Accounts: https://cointelegraph.com/news/bitcoin-altcoin-exchange-bittrex-eyed-with-suspicion-due-to-thousands-of-mysterious-account-closings
Bittrex Statement: https://support.bittrex.com/hc/en-us/articles/115002187632-Statement-on-disabled-accounts
Bitfinex Stats: https://www.bitfinex.com/stats
BFXData: https://www.bfxdata.com/positions/btcusd
Get your free PDF here: http://www.coinmastery.com/invest
Subscribe to the Podcast: http://www.coinmastery.com/itunes
Subscribe on Android: http://www.coinmastery.com/android
Follow me on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/carterthomas
Learn technical analysis + trading for crypto: http://www.coinmastery.com/trading-class
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***Please consult your accountant and / or tax attorney before making any investments
Our top coins for 2018:
LITECOIN
RIPPLE
ETHEREUM
BITCOIN
ELECTRONEUM
NEO
TRONIX
DRAGONCHAIN
7 MORE WE'RE HOLDING:
StellarXLM
Digibyte DGBCardanoADAStart Coin STARTVergeXVG
Crypterium CRPT
Universa
We're excited about this new ICO. OTCRIT. Presale 20% token bonus. SendETH from a wallet...not an exchage, and be sure to use a VPN, as US citizens not allowed:
https://platform.otcrit.org/presale
We're staking in Thorncoin:
http://thorncoin.com/ref/ttqe5m5n1kfn...
We're lending with numiv via arbitrage. Buy on stocks.exchange.com, transfer to numiv platform, and lend:
https://numivcoin.com/?r=exacta45
Tried to get coins on this ICO but price keeps climbing. Good luck:
https://monetizecoin.io/5a6a0484127a0
No referral link, but here's the web address for our new ICO. Pre ICO price until Feb 1st, then ICO starts:
https://sp8de.com
Bovada Sports betting platform takes Bitcoin:
https://www.bovada.lv/welcome/P13B02D...
Use a VPN to protect your data and money:
privateinternetaccess.com
This compound interest calculator is nice:
http://compoundaily.com/
We're suggesting taking 10% of your crypto portfolio profits...and investing in GOLD MINING STOCKS:
Goldcorp GG, Newmont MiningNEM, Agnico EagleAEM, Barrick GoldABX, Royal Gold RGLD, WheatonWPM
Our newest ICO plays:
Selling out fast or sold out:
https://thorncoin.com/ref/ttqe5m5n1kf...
Fairly new. Titanium ICO:
https://ico.tbis.io/register/?ref=T0x...
Sold out...but register an account, and watch for internal exchange opening:
https://www.chrysoscoin.com/register?...
Get tokens now, join bounty program, and lend after the token price goes up:
https://goldgate.io/bggQcY5Q0ZJatiYnCQ
New ICOs to get involved early in staking / trading platforms. If ICO is over, you can probably buy tokens once the internal exchange opens, at a reasonable price:
https://ficoin.tech/register?referrer...
https://www.chrysoscoin.com/register?...
https://bitglare.com/register.php?ref...
https://monyx.io/ref/exacta45
https://numivcoin.com/?r=exacta45
Here's a lending platform ICO we're investing in. BitAi ($100 minimum). We like the white paper:
https://www.bitainetwork.com/?ref=exa...
Get involved in these ICOs or buy some tokens while the price is low:
https://www.bitfinite.co/SignUp?Ref_i...
We bought some tokens and will be lending. We're looking to buy tokens cheap and wait for price appreciation before we lend:
https://goldreward.io/join/exacta45
Another ICO were invested in and excited about. Libracoin:
https://libracoin.io/account/sign-up?...
An ICO we're invested in (Goldgate.io):
https://goldgate.io/bggQcY5Q0ZJatiYnCQ
Get in on this Crypyerium ICO, or buy on an exchange:
https://tokensale.crypterium.io/?ref=...
Davorcoin- we bought on the way down, as low as 3 cents. Very speculative:
https://davor.io/Account/Registration...
We bought Hextracoin during the ICO, pulled out profits, but the coins are too high now, and nobody is buying the coins on the internal exchange
If you can get your hands on some Hextracoin under $5, give it a shot. You can possibly buy from some scared investor, but use caution or an escrow service:
https://hextracoin.co/register?referr...
ABSOLUTELY DO NOTINVEST IN PRIMERCOINS, INVESTELLECT OR FX HEADWAY
SCAMMERS REPORTED TO THE FBI AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL AUTHORITIES
Get started buying Bitcoin with a $10 bonus:
https://www.coinbase.com/join/593ebc5...
FACEBOOK: TEAM BITCOIN @teambitcoin45
TWITTER: @lanithelegend
Get your Leonardo trading bot at a discount. I made plenty of money with this trading bot, using ping pong and Bollinger trading strategies:
http://marginsoftware.de
ref email: exacta45@aol.com
We suggest these Bitcoin wallets and crypto purchase platforms:
hitbtc.com
coinexchange.io
blockchain.info.com
(Recorded with https://screencast-o-matic.com)
(Recorded with https://screencast-o-matic.com)
***Please consult your accountant and / or tax attorney before making any investments
Our top coins for 2018:
LITECOIN
RIPPLE
ETHEREUM
BITCOIN
ELECTRONEUM
NEO
TRONIX
DRAGONCHAIN
7 MORE WE'RE HOLDING:
StellarXLM
Digibyte DGBCardanoADAStart Coin STARTVergeXVG
Crypterium CRPT
Universa
We're excited about this new ICO. OTCRIT. Presale 20% token bonus. SendETH from a wallet...not an exchage, and be sure to use a VPN, as US citizens not allowed:
https://platform.otcrit.org/presale
We're staking in Thorncoin:
http://thorncoin.com/ref/ttqe5m5n1kfn...
We're lending with numiv via arbitrage. Buy on stocks.exchange.com, transfer to numiv platform, and lend:
https://numivcoin.com/?r=exacta45
Tried to get coins on this ICO but price keeps climbing. Good luck:
https://monetizecoin.io/5a6a0484127a0
No referral link, but here's the web address for our new ICO. Pre ICO price until Feb 1st, then ICO starts:
https://sp8de.com
Bovada Sports betting platform takes Bitcoin:
https://www.bovada.lv/welcome/P13B02D...
Use a VPN to protect your data and money:
privateinternetaccess.com
This compound interest calculator is nice:
http://compoundaily.com/
We're suggesting taking 10% of your crypto portfolio profits...and investing in GOLD MINING STOCKS:
Goldcorp GG, Newmont MiningNEM, Agnico EagleAEM, Barrick GoldABX, Royal Gold RGLD, WheatonWPM
Our newest ICO plays:
Selling out fast or sold out:
https://thorncoin.com/ref/ttqe5m5n1kf...
Fairly new. Titanium ICO:
https://ico.tbis.io/register/?ref=T0x...
Sold out...but register an account, and watch for internal exchange opening:
https://www.chrysoscoin.com/register?...
Get tokens now, join bounty program, and lend after the token price goes up:
https://goldgate.io/bggQcY5Q0ZJatiYnCQ
New ICOs to get involved early in staking / trading platforms. If ICO is over, you can probably buy tokens once the internal exchange opens, at a reasonable price:
https://ficoin.tech/register?referrer...
https://www.chrysoscoin.com/register?...
https://bitglare.com/register.php?ref...
https://monyx.io/ref/exacta45
https://numivcoin.com/?r=exacta45
Here's a lending platform ICO we're investing in. BitAi ($100 minimum). We like the white paper:
https://www.bitainetwork.com/?ref=exa...
Get involved in these ICOs or buy some tokens while the price is low:
https://www.bitfinite.co/SignUp?Ref_i...
We bought some tokens and will be lending. We're looking to buy tokens cheap and wait for price appreciation before we lend:
https://goldreward.io/join/exacta45
Another ICO were invested in and excited about. Libracoin:
https://libracoin.io/account/sign-up?...
An ICO we're invested in (Goldgate.io):
https://goldgate.io/bggQcY5Q0ZJatiYnCQ
Get in on this Crypyerium ICO, or buy on an exchange:
https://tokensale.crypterium.io/?ref=...
Davorcoin- we bought on the way down, as low as 3 cents. Very speculative:
https://davor.io/Account/Registration...
We bought Hextracoin during the ICO, pulled out profits, but the coins are too high now, and nobody is buying the coins on the internal exchange
If you can get your hands on some Hextracoin under $5, give it a shot. You can possibly buy from some scared investor, but use caution or an escrow service:
https://hextracoin.co/register?referr...
ABSOLUTELY DO NOTINVEST IN PRIMERCOINS, INVESTELLECT OR FX HEADWAY
SCAMMERS REPORTED TO THE FBI AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL AUTHORITIES
Get started buying Bitcoin with a $10 bonus:
https://www.coinbase.com/join/593ebc5...
FACEBOOK: TEAM BITCOIN @teambitcoin45
TWITTER: @lanithelegend
Get your Leonardo trading bot at a discount. I made plenty of money with this trading bot, using ping pong and Bollinger trading strategies:
http://marginsoftware.de
ref email: exacta45@aol.com
We suggest these Bitcoin wallets and crypto purchase platforms:
hitbtc.com
coinexchange.io
blockchain.info.com
(Recorded with https://screencast-o-matic.com)
(Recorded with https://screencast-o-matic.com)
GoingPaperless: Tips & Tools for Every Stage of the Digital Lending Process is the fourth and final webinar in the Center for AutoFinanceExcellence's 2015 free webinar series. The Center for Auto Finance Excellence is pleased to present this webinar, which offers best practices for auto lenders on how to integrate paperless operations throughout the lending process. While some early adopters initiated paperless transactions years ago, most auto lenders are behind the curve when it comes to creating a completely digital lending environment. Hurdles include cost, and laws in some states that require so-called "wet ink" signatures. But simple reluctance to change is a factor, too. Automotive e-contracting has been referred to as "the slowest adoption of a killer app in history."
In this hour-long event John Koehler, Vice President of product and partner development at online auto lender CarFinance.com, will guide participants through the steps required to develop a paperless origination process. He will hash out advantages and disadvantages of a digital-only system for direct versus indirect channels, and offer valuable lessons and takeaways.
GoingPaperless: Tips & Tools for Every Stage of the Digital Lending Process is the fourth and final webinar in the Center for AutoFinanceExcellence's 2015 free webinar series. The Center for Auto Finance Excellence is pleased to present this webinar, which offers best practices for auto lenders on how to integrate paperless operations throughout the lending process. While some early adopters initiated paperless transactions years ago, most auto lenders are behind the curve when it comes to creating a completely digital lending environment. Hurdles include cost, and laws in some states that require so-called "wet ink" signatures. But simple reluctance to change is a factor, too. Automotive e-contracting has been referred to as "the slowest adoption of a killer app in history."
In this hour-long event John Koehler, Vice President of product and partner development at online auto lender CarFinance.com, will guide participants through the steps required to develop a paperless origination process. He will hash out advantages and disadvantages of a digital-only system for direct versus indirect channels, and offer valuable lessons and takeaways.
Banking Explained – Money and Credit
Banks are a riddle wrapped up in an enigma. We all kind of know that they do stuff with money we don’t understand, while the last crisis left a feeling of deep mistrust and confusion. We try to shed a bit of light onto the banking system. Why were banks invented, why did they cause the last crisis and are there alternatives?
The music from the video is available here!
http://epicmountainmusic.bandcamp.com/track/banking
http://soundcloud.com/epicmountain/banking
http://www.epic-mountain.com
Visit us on our Website, Twitter, Facebook, Patreon or Behance to say hi!
http://kurzgesagt.org
https://www.facebook.com/Kurzgesagt
https://twitter.com/Kurz_Gesagt
http://www.patreon.com/Kurzgesagt
http://www.behance.net/Kurzgesagt
Banking Explained – Money and CreditHelp us caption & translate this video!
http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q&tab=2
Can you Finance a Motorcycle with No Credit?
In this video I cover the question can you finance a motorcycle with no credit? I get asked all the time is it possible to finance and make payments on a motorcycle with no credit or finance a motorcycle with bad credit. This is a weird question to answer because there are so many variables, but here we go!
SUBSCRIBE!
Yes, it is possible to get financed for a motorcycle with no credit history, but you will need one or both of the following things:
You will either need a good qualified cosigner, and/or you will need a decent amount of cash to put down. In this video I cover in-depth what it takes to get financed with a cosigner (and what a qualified cosigner really is), as well as get financed with cash down.
Keep the questions coming, and I'll keep answering them here on Ask a Motorcycle Guy.
10:57
Credit default swaps | Finance & Capital Markets | Khan Academy
Introduction to credit default swaps. Created by Sal Khan.
Watch the next lesson:
https:...
Credit default swaps | Finance & Capital Markets | Khan Academy
Introduction to credit default swaps. Created by Sal Khan.
Watch the next lesson:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative-securities/credit-default-swaps-tut/v/credit-default-swaps-2?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=financeandcapitalmarkets
Missed the previous lesson? Watch here:
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/derivative-securities/credit-default-swaps-tut/v/credit-default-swaps-cds-intro?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=financeandcapitalmarkets
Finance and capital markets on Khan Academy: Interest is the basis of modern capital markets. Depending on whether you are lending or borrowing, it can be viewed as a return on an asset (lending) or the cost of capital (borrowing). This tutorial gives an introduction to this fundamental concept, including what it means to compound. It also gives a rule of thumb that might make it easy to do some rough interest calculations in your head.
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s Finance and Capital Markets channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ1Rt02HirUvBK2D2-ZO_2g?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
6:27
Letters of Credit - What is a Letter of Credit (Trade Finance Global LC Guide)
Visit https://www.tradefinanceglobal.com/letters-of-credit/ for the TFG Letter of Credit G...
Letters of Credit - What is a Letter of Credit (Trade Finance Global LC Guide)
Visit https://www.tradefinanceglobal.com/letters-of-credit/ for the TFGLetter of CreditGuide
A Letter of Credit is relevant where there is an exporter and an importer; and there needs to be prepayment or a confirmation of payment in order for goods to be shipped.
A letter of credit is an instrument from a bank, which guarantees a buyer's payment to a seller if certain criteria are met.
If the buyer can’t pay up, due to the agreed contract through the Letter of Credit, the bank will cover the remaining price.
Letters of Credit are fundamental components of international trade. They’re governed universally by a set of guidelines called the UCP 600, which are issued by the International Chamber of Commerce.
An LC is a promise written on a legal document that comes from a bank with a promise to pay the holder if the holder fulfills certain obligations. Obligations include payment when the goods are shipped if certain criteria are met.
A Letter of Credit is usually used when the buyer and seller do not know each other well and this is why it is used so frequently in international trade.
Letters of Credit are incredibly specific and a close attention to detail is required. If there is a misspelling in the contract, for example, the name of the goods is incorrectly spelt, there may be non-payment until a new, corrected LC is issued and accepted.
7:14
Trade Finance in the Spotlight – Letters of Credit
Welcome to the fifth video in ANZ's Trade Finance Education Series - "Trade Finance in the...
Trade Finance in the Spotlight – Letters of Credit
Welcome to the fifth video in ANZ's Trade FinanceEducationSeries - "Trade Finance in the Spotlight".
In this series of videos we will be discussing a range of Trade Finance products and concepts. We will discuss the pros and cons of trade products, how they work and when they should be used.
In this episode we will introduce Letters of Credit and review the main parties involved in a Letter of Credit transaction.
Stay tuned for upcoming videos featuring more information on Trade Finance products and concepts. Also take a look at the Trade Finance Podcast Series for information on Incoterms 2010.
DISCLAIMER: The information on the page and in the videos and podcasts is by way of guidance and education only and does not constitute advice or an offer to finance. Nor does it take into account your personal needs and financial circumstances. It should not be relied upon as authoritative and complete or taken in substitution for the exercise of judgement by any recipient or the recipient consulting its own legal, accountancy, tax and technical advisers before taking any action. ANZ is not liable in any way for any loss or damage, whether direct, indirect, consequential or otherwise howsoever arising out of or in connection with or from any use of the contents of and/or any omissions this page or the videos. Information contained in on this page and in the videos is strictly confidential. It is the property of ANZ. As such, no part of it may be circulated, copied, quoted or otherwise referred to another party without prior written consent of ANZ.
11:53
What Credit Score Is Needed To Buy/Finance A Car - GoSimplyPro Credit Consultation
Get Approved Now From A Local Bad Credit Auto Loan Bank
https://goo.gl/6PQDY2
Save $30 On...
In this collaboration with HonestFinance, we will be discussing how you can increase your credit score in as little as 30 days by learning about credit card utilization! Honest Finance has a number of different videos about responsible use of credit cards and how to increase your credit score.
Subscribe to Honest Finance here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNGiXK9ZsxIzY-3g_TPilBQ
Let's get social...FacebookPage: https://www.facebook.com/ryanoscribner/
Snapchat (behind the scenes): ryanoscribner
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ryanscribnerofficial/
Website: http://www.ryanoscribner.com
Free resources I have created for you...
Investing Course "How To Find A GreatInvestment": http://cli.re/GRdkZN
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If you are looking to earn extra income, I am looking for business partners for one of my side businesses. Fill out this application and we will be in touch. I am looking for highly motivated individuals: http://cli.re/6a7Eq9
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If anyone is looking to open a stock trading account, I highly recommend Robinhood as they offer free stock trading. I recommend them because this is the stock broker I use. Unlike traditional brokers, they do not charge commission on trades or require a minimum account balance.
Robinhood (AffiliateLink): http://cli.re/GRd3m5
Interested in Bitcoin? Sign up for Coinbase with the link below and get $10 worth of Bitcoin for free!
Coinbase (Affiliate Link): http://cli.re/gBRjmV
DISCLAIMER: I am not a financial adviser. These videos are for educational purposes only. Investing of any kind involves risk. While it is possible to minimize risk, your investments are solely your responsibility. It is imperative that you conduct your own research. I am merely sharing my opinion with no guarantee of gains or losses on investments.
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11:11
The Causes and Effects of the Financial Crisis 2008
Found this super informative and useful video on The Crisis of Credit visualized by Jonath...
How to Make $2,000+ w/ CREDIT CARDS?! - FINANCE with STEPHIANCE [EP. #1]
CHASEFREEDOM 👉 https://tinyurl.com/y7cde5lv
CHASE SAPPHIRE 👉 ttps://tinyurl.com/y8yqk439
CHASE RESERVE 👉 https://tinyurl.com/y9etdj6d
American Express 👉 https://tinyurl.com/zhqu5sr
How to Make $2,000+ w/ CREDIT CARDS?!
I hope you guys enjoy this video! Let me know in the comments what other types of these videos you want to see with my fiance!
My INSTA & Snap 👉 MISSMANGOBUTT
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* I do earn a small commission if you decide to use my referral links; however, nothing changes for you! I'm not sure if they will be nicer because you have been referred but I have heard it may be easier to get approved!
Love you guys!
2:38
How To Finance A Car With Bad or New Credit
How to buy a car with a bad credit, new credit, or no history credit in financing?
how to buy mobile on EMI/finance | from home credit | without debit card and credit card
in this video i m going to tell you how to buy mobile on emi/finance. easy to apply with home credit
query solved
1)how to buy a mobile on emi/finance from home credit
2)what document needed
3)whats a processing fees
official website
https://www.homecredit.co.in/
my social links
https://www.facebook.com/urpersonalconsultant/
Share, Support, Subscribe!!!
urpersonalconsultant | ur personal consultant | personal consultant
About : UR PERSONAL CONSULTANT :- is a YouTube Channel, where you will find GOVERNMENT VACANCIES ,AS WELL ASPRIVATE VACANCIES ,EDUCATION UPDATES,GOVERNMEENT SCHEMES BANKING SCHEMS technological videos in Hindi, New Video is Posted Everyday :)
How to improve credit score uk and why is a positive credit score or credit report important for property investors?
DOWNLOAD "21 IDEASTO IMPROVE YOUR CREDIT RATING" HERE...http://yourfirstfourhouses.com/download-credit/
Before I go any further here, I have to make one thing very clear - I am NOT FCA approved and so if you decide to act on any of the stuff I'm suggesting, before doing so, please seek independent financial advice, ideally for an independant mortgage broker who can firstly determine if you are unmortgageable - or indeed suggest ways in white you can improve your credit score so you can become mortgageable again.
Phew... I'm glad we got that out the way!
Having a bulletproof credit rating is certainly NOT essential if you're going to invest in property, but there's no question it helps. Obviously, the higher your credit rating, the more appealing you are to lenders when it comes to getting a mortgage and the better exposure you'll have to better rates of interest on your finance.
So let's start by finding out what your credit rating or credit score actually is.
I personally use...
http://www.Noddle.co.uk
...to keep in tune with my credit rating, because unlike others, Noddle is free for life, not just for 30 days. It uses CallCredit, which is one of the big three referencing companies (the other two being Equifax and Experian).
All lenders use at least one of these companies, in addition to gathering other information about you, before deciding if they're going to lend to you. So go to their site, enter your details, and in a few minutes, you'll uncover a wealth of financial information about yourself and I bet there'll be one or two things in there that may actually surprise you!
I hope you found these 8 tips helpful, but more importantly I really hope you take a moment to download the "How To Improve Your Credit Rating" eBook, as there's a total of 21 really good actions that you can take to help improve your credit rating.
Please take a moment to subscribe to my YouTube and Facebook channels if you haven't already done so as this way I can keep you up to date when the next video is available for you.
I've also added below a link to every property tool I use - which I thought you might find helpful :-)
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Credit (finance)
Credit (from Latincredit, "(he/she/it) believes") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party where that second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but instead arranges either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date. The resources provided may be financial (e.g. granting a loan), or they may consist of goods or services (e.g. consumer credit). Credit encompasses any form of deferred payment. Credit is extended by a creditor, also known as a lender, to a debtor, also known as a borrower.
Credit does not necessarily require money. The credit concept can be applied in barter economies as well, based on the direct exchange of goods and services. However, in modern societies, credit is usually denominated by a unit of account. Unlike money, credit itself cannot act as a unit of account.
Movements of financial capital are normally dependent on either credit or equity transfers. Credit is in turn dependent on the reputation or creditworthiness of the entity which takes responsibility for the funds. Credit is also traded in financial markets. The purest form is the credit default swap market, which is essentially a traded market in credit insurance. A credit default swap represents the price at which two parties exchange this risk–the protection seller takes the risk of default of the credit in return for a payment, commonly denoted in basis points (one basis point is 1/100 of a percent) of the notional amount to be referenced, while the protection buyer pays this premium and in the case of default of the underlying (a loan, bond or other receivable), delivers this receivable to the protection seller and receives from the seller the par amount (that is, is made whole).
Nigeria’s economic growth trajectory is being threatened by commercial banks’ refusal to lend to small businesses, according to analysts. BusinessDay’s analysis of the bank credit data from the NationalBureau Of Statistic(NBS), lending to the private sector declined by 2.5 percent (year-on-year) to N15.6 trillion in the first quarter of 2018 from N16 trillion in the first quarter of 2017 ...News you can trust....
Rabobank Indonesia’s branch managers and commercial lending staff will participate in the program ... https.//www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180523005914/en/ ... “Instilling and following excellent lending practices and focusing on food and agribusiness is key for the Bank in enacting its vision to contribute to national food security and self-reliance.” ... http.//www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180523005914/en....
Several digital lending startups have been receiving a unique set of visitors in recent months. Chineselending companies looking to set shop in the country. At least half a dozen Chinese financial-technology companies have held multiple meetings with the founders of digital lending startups in India for investment as well as partnership opportunities, according to domestic entrepreneurs involved in those discussions....
Debt Buyers: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)
Companies that purchase debt cheaply then collect it aggressively are shockingly easy to start. We can prove it!
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
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29:01
Ethlend ICO Review - Democratizing Lending
In this video, I review Ethlend's upcoming initial coin offering.
In my point of view I a...
Ethlend ICO Review - Democratizing Lending
In this video, I review Ethlend's upcoming initial coin offering.
In my point of view I am going to pass this ICO. There team could be stronger.
Its my personal opinion, I am not giving biased recommendations. I am not a financial adviser. Discuss with your advisers before investing in ICOs.
https://ethlend.io/
Fully decentralized peer to peer lending on the EthereumBlockchain. Wouldn't It Be GreatTo LiveIn A World Where Everyone Has The SameAccess To Finance, Or Even The Access To Finance In The FirstPlace? — Stani Kulechov, Founder Of ETHLend
Sign up for my favorite cryptocurrency exchange here: http://ianbalina.com/referral/binance
Join My TelegramMastermind: htto://ianbalina.com/mastermind
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INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS NOT AN OFFER OR SOLICITATION TO BUY, HOLD, OR SELL ANY SECURITY. DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC IS NOT A BROKER-DEALER OR FINANCIAL ADVISER AND IS NOT AFFILIATED WITH AN INVESTMENT ADVISORY FIRM. DIARY OF A MADE MAN LLC DOES NOT ENGAGE IN ACTIVITIES THAT WOULD REQUIRE SUCH REGISTRATION.
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THE ICOS DISCUSSED HEREIN HAVE NOT BEEN REVIEWED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITY.
FURTHERMORE, THE FOREGOING AUTHORITIES HAVE NOT CONFIRMED THE ACCURACY OR DETERMINED THE ADEQUACY OF THE ICO OFFERING DOCUMENTS.
ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
THE ICOS IDENTIFIED HEREIN MAY CONSTITUTE SECURITIES PURSUANT TO FEDERAL AND STATE SECURITIES LAWS AND MAY NOT BE APPROPRIATE FOR, OR OFFERED TO, INVESTORS RESIDING IN THE UNITED STATES. IN MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION, INVESTORS MUST RELY ON THEIR OWN EXAMINATION OF THE PERSON OR ENTITY ISSUING THE ICO AND THE TERMS OF THE OFFERING, INCLUDING THE MERITS AND RISKS INVOLVED.
INVESTMENT IN ICOS INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ONLY BY PERSONS WHO CAN AFFORD TO SUSTAIN A LOSS OF THEIR ENTIRE INVESTMENT. INVESTORS IN ICOS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR FINANCIAL ADVISER BEFORE INVESTING IN ICOS. THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION HAS WARNED INVESTORS RESIDING IN THE UNITED STATES THAT ICOS MAY CONSTITUTE SECURITIES, AND BY INVESTING IN ICOS, INVESTORS MAY BE PURCHASING UNREGISTERED SECURITIES OFFERINGS. US INVESTORS WHO INVEST IN MAY BE UNABLE TO RECOVER ANY LOSSES SUSTAINED IN THE EVENT OF FRAUD OR THEFT.
21:22
RAW: Bank of Canada explains cut to overnight lending rate
The Bank of Canada Governor Stephen Poloz discusses his surprise move to cut the key overn...
RAW: Bank of Canada explains cut to overnight lending rate
The Bank of CanadaGovernorStephen Poloz discusses his surprise move to cut the key overnight lending rate by a quarter per cent. He says 'oil price shock' will hurt incomes. The dollar plummeted following today's decision.
For the full story:
www.cbc.ca/1.2921370
29:13
How to pay off a 30 year home mortgage in 5-7 years
SUMMARY:
In the above video I reveal a powerful strategy that is practically available to...
How to pay off a 30 year home mortgage in 5-7 years
SUMMARY:
In the above video I reveal a powerful strategy that is practically available to all, but is known and fully understood by a very few. If one takes the time to learn and implement this method of eliminating debt, one may find themselves pleasantly surprised of how quickly their home mortgage, auto loans, student loans or business loans can be completely paid off.
This strategy is known as Velocity Banking and in the video I will demonstrate how Velocity Banking can be used to pay off a 30 year home mortgage in just 5-7 years without sending double payments to the bank or changing one’s current level of income.
RECAP OF THE VIDEO:
I start off by creating a scenario of a financial situation by taking an average household net income in the United States combined with some of the basic monthly expenses: home mortgage, minimum payment on a credit card, car payment and living expenses which include groceries, utilities, gym membership…
Once all expenses are identified and subtracted from the net monthly income it is important to understand the impact of cash flow, the difference between a loan and a line of credit, how the interest of a loan and a line of credit is calculated, and how monthly payments on a mortgage are dispersed between interest and principal paydown. To help demonstrate these differences I create tables and an amortization graph. As I go on to unveil the main differences I also identify the biggest reason why nowadays most homeowners are unable to payoff their home mortgages due to the unstrategic use of home refinancing.
By this point having had identified the difference between a loan and a line of credit I can reveal the benefits of utilizing a line of credit to pay off a home mortgage in 5-7 years. This is where I get into the Velocity Banking strategy which incorporates an unaccustomed method of moving one’s entire monthly paycheck into a line of credit instead of the accustomed checkings and savings accounts. By adopting this method one can leverage a line of credit to free up cash flow, gain cash back rewards, build credit history and improve credit score, but the greatest leverage created is the thousands if not hundreds of thousands of dollars in interest savings.
KARL'S MORTGAGE CALCULATOR APP:
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/karls-mortgage-calculator/id1025852681?mt=8
★☆★ MAY 19TH, 2018 (SATURDAY) JOIN MY MENTOR FOR ADVANCED VELOCITY BANKING TRAINING FROM 9 AM - 5 PM (CENTRAL TIME) ★☆★
This will be a live training in Chicago to which I am willing to share a FREE live broadcast link.
What You CanExpect To Get Out Of The Advanced Velocity Banking Training -
- Recap of the Velocity Banking strategy
- Discuss lines of credit, debt transfer & wealth accumulation
- Learn how to reduce the amount of interest paid on financed investments and how to manage and maximize cash flow on your portfolio.
- Learn how the flow of money into the portfolio is paramount for success. Learners will also be able to implement the methods that pay off mortgages years and decades earlier, increase their profitability, and build equity through cash flow management.
- Receive the opportunity to develop the Velocity Banking mindset which will create opportunities and robust results for your investments, and help anchor your real estate portfolio.
If you think you can benefit from receiving this training please email me at Laura@epcinvestments.com and I will set you up with a live link for the day of the training.
★☆★ SUBSCRIBE TO MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL FOR VIDEOS ABOUT REAL ESTATE AND BUSINESS ★☆★
★☆★ CONNECT WITH ME ON SOCIAL MEDIA ★☆★
FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/Laura-Pitkute-1464576883611081/
INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/laurapitkute/?hl=en
LINKEDIN: https://www.linkedin.com/in/laura-pitkute-a039399b/
DISCLAIMER: Please consult with a competent professional prior to engaging in any financial strategies. Not everyone will experience 100% success rate by using this strategy as it requires a commitment to keep applying this strategy over time until the desired result is achieved. I (Laura Pitkute) do not promise or guarantee any specific outcomes and/or results from the use of this strategy.
Predatory lending is the unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent practices of some lenders during the loan origination process. While there are no legal definitions in the United States for predatory lending, an audit report on predatory lending from the office of inspector general of the FDIC broadly defines predatory lending as "imposing unfair and abusive loan terms on borrowers."[1] Though there are laws against many of the specific practices commonly identified as predatory, various federal agencies use the phrase as a catch-all term for many specific illegal activities in the loan industry. Predatory lending should not be confused with predatory mortgage servicing which is the unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent practices of lenders and servicing agents during the loan or mortgage servicing process, post loan origination.
One less contentious definition of the term is "the practice of a lender deceptively convincing borrowers to agree to unfair and abusive loan terms, or systematically violating those terms in ways that make it difficult for the borrower to defend against."[2][3] Other types of lending sometimes also referred to as predatory include payday loans, certain types of credit cards, mainly subprime, or other forms of (again, often subprime) consumer debt, and overdraft loans, when the interest rates are considered unreasonably high.[4] Although predatory lenders are most likely to target the less educated, the poor, racial minorities, and the elderly, victims of predatory lending are represented across all demographics.[5][6]
Predatory lending typically occurs on loans backed by some kind of collateral, such as a car or house, so that if the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can repossess or foreclose and profit by selling the repossessed or foreclosed property. Lenders may be accused of tricking a borrower into believing that an interest rate is lower than it actually is, or that the borrower's ability to pay is greater than it actually is. The lender, or others as agents of the lender, may well profit from repossession or foreclosure upon the collateral.
Many laws at both the Federal and state government level are aimed at preventing predatory lending. Although not specifically anti-predatory in nature, the Federal Truth in Lending Act requires certain disclosures of APR and loan terms. Also, in 1994 section 32 of the Truth in Lending Act, entitled the Home Ownership and EquityProtection Act of 1994, was created. This law is devoted to identifying certain high-cost, potentially predatory mortgage loans and reining in their terms. Twenty-five states have passed anti-predatory lending laws. Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, North Carolina, New York, New Jersey, New Mexico and South Carolina are among those states considered to have the strongest laws. Other states with predatory lending laws include: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Wisconsin, and West Virginia. These laws usually describe one or more classes of "high-cost" or "covered" loans, which are defined by the fees charged to the borrower at origination or the APR. While lenders are not prohibited from making "high-cost" or "covered" loans, a number of additional restrictions are placed on these loans, and the penalties for noncompliance can be substantial.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predatory_lending
https://regalcoin.co/ref/THC01
https://www.coinexchange2.com/?r=19d5e811
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* https://bitserial.io/register?sp=ouwe
* https://tokensale.crypterium.io/?ref=d575d87aa779bc34435c6614
* https://falconcoin.co/app/CI/customer/register?Ref=dutch
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* If you get interest in the other account in USD convert it to REC,
then transfer to your new account under us,its that easy.
Disclaimer:
* We are not financial advisors,
* these investments platforms is of our choice and may not be for everyone.
* You should only invest the amount of money you can/will afford to lose!!
* Please do not gamble or jeaporadize funds that you can't afford to lose in any investment.
* This is not financial advice or guidance.
* All statements are purely opinions and any investor must do their own research,
and consider the risks involved before making any investment.
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bitcoins: 1PuKA3uUD8WaR8QrbBB1PFn6UAMv7yWcbT
24:41
FALCONCOIN UPDATES & NEWS! THE MOST PROFITABLE LENDING PLATFORM? GET THE MOST OUT OF YOUR $$$
FALCONCOIN UPDATES & NEWS! THE MOST PROFITABLE LENDING PLATFORM? GET THE MOST OUT OF YOUR $$$
FALCONCOINICO REFERRAL LINK:
https://dashboard.falconcoin.co/referral/hillsidecrypto2017
HASHFLARE LINK:
https://hashflare.io/r/8789255F
Vone ICO Site:
https://v-one.io/?r=2550
SFICOIN REFERRAL SITE LINK:
https://sficoin.co/ref/hillsidecrypto/L
(MAKESURE TO CLICK THE LINK AND CREATE YOUR ACCOUNT RIGHT THEN)
- NOTES: MAKE SURE THAT YOU USE MY LINK AND SIGN UP ASAP ON MY LEFTLEG, SO THAT I CAN HELP YOU BUILD ONE OF YOUR TEAM LEGS FOR FREE.
YOKUCOIN SITE LINK:
https://yokucoin.com/register/HillsideCrypto
IDEACOIN SITE LINK:
https://ico.ideacoin.co/invite/HillsideCrypto
CHRONIUM REFERRAL LINK:
https://chronium.io/?r=Hillside
UCOIN CASH ICO referral link:
https://ucoincash.co/ref/hillsidecrypto
HEXTRACOIN LINK: https://hextracoin.co/register?referrer=HillsideCrypto
ELETRONEUM LINK: https://my.electroneum.com/join/76B674
referrer=HillsideCrypto
WESTERNCOIN ReferralLink: https://www.westerncoin.co/hillsidecrypto
BITCONNECT LINK: https://bitconnect.co/?ref=hillsidecrypto
COINEXCHANGE.IO LINK: https://www.coinexchange.io/?r=c4af1d22
MY NEWCRYPTO DISCORD CHANNEL LINK:
https://discord.gg/3dQrqAs
Here is a video where I give you my strong opinions on FalconCoin and also many updates and some news on what is going on. I really feel like this platform has a lot to offer us all and that when they get back up and going properly, that they have a great chance at winning the hearts of many of us by their awesome and unique lending platform structure. I feel like we are gonna see this platform grow in popularity very soon and that we all will be very glad that we invested in it and that we have made our loans. I have strong believe for some reason that this company is really wanting to have a great platform and that they are here long term. Time will tell, but don't give up on them. I am investing into this company even through all their issues that they have had. Hope you enjoy me sharing my investments with you. Cheers
If you have any questions, please feel free to ask in the comments section. Remember, no bad words or links in the comments. Thank you and have a great day :)
I hope that you enjoy this video and if you do, please leave a like and share this video. Below I will leave my bitcoin donation address in case that anyone would like to donate to help fund other great adventures in my bitcoin investing. (don't ever invest more than you can afford to loose!)
NOTES: This is not financial or investing advice and I am just showing you and sharing with you my Crypto journey. What you do with your money is your decision and I take no financial responsibility for your investments. Thanks for your understanding and happy investing :)
Music provided by: NCS (No Copyright Sounds)
Check out my Twitch live streams 4 days a week at: https://www.twitch.tv/hillsidegaming
Bitcoin donation address here:125VMzoh4it52zqkMQcdQi8WLKirVHY84s
Brandenburg Concerto No4-1 BWV1049 - Classical Whimsical by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100303
Artist: http://incompetech.com/
As bitcoin's price continues to move sideways, Bittrex removed a handful of accounts from their exchange last night. It ended up being a very small percentage of users but the lesson is clear - control your own coins.
We'll also dive into margin trading and how it may be affecting the price of bitcoin and, more importantly, the flow of cash with any subsequent price movement.
Links:
Bittrex Accounts: https://cointelegraph.com/news/bitcoin-altcoin-exchange-bittrex-eyed-with-suspicion-due-to-thousands-of-mysterious-account-closings
Bittrex Statement: https://support.bittrex.com/hc/en-us/articles/115002187632-Statement-on-disabled-accounts
Bitfinex Stats: https://www.bitfinex.com/stats
BFXData: https://www.bfxdata.com/positions/btcusd
Get your free PDF here: http://www.coinmastery.com/invest
Subscribe to the Podcast: http://www.coinmastery.com/itunes
Subscribe on Android: http://www.coinmastery.com/android
Follow me on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/carterthomas
Learn technical analysis + trading for crypto: http://www.coinmastery.com/trading-class
BREAKING NEWS: NO MORE LENDING / STAKING / TRADING...
Going Paperless: Tips & Tools for Every Stage of t...
Latest News for: news lending
Nigeria’s economic growth trajectory is being threatened by commercial banks’ refusal to lend to small businesses, according to analysts. BusinessDay’s analysis of the bank credit data from the NationalBureau Of Statistic(NBS), lending to the private sector declined by 2.5 percent (year-on-year) to N15.6 trillion in the first quarter of 2018 from N16 trillion in the first quarter of 2017 ...News you can trust....
Rabobank Indonesia’s branch managers and commercial lending staff will participate in the program ... https.//www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180523005914/en/ ... “Instilling and following excellent lending practices and focusing on food and agribusiness is key for the Bank in enacting its vision to contribute to national food security and self-reliance.” ... http.//www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180523005914/en....
Several digital lending startups have been receiving a unique set of visitors in recent months. Chineselending companies looking to set shop in the country. At least half a dozen Chinese financial-technology companies have held multiple meetings with the founders of digital lending startups in India for investment as well as partnership opportunities, according to domestic entrepreneurs involved in those discussions....
By fully automating the underwriting process with a data-driven risk model, Fundbox promises to underwrite faster, more cost-effectively and with greater accuracy than many other lenders – opening up lending possibilities for more customers ...View original content with multimedia.http.//www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fundbox-named-best-overall-business-lending-company-in-2018-fintech-breakthrough-annual-awards-program-300652998.html....
Practices specific to this kind of lending, according to the OCC, should include analysis that uses internal and external data sources, including deposit activity, to assess a consumer’s creditworthiness ... https.//www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180524005831/en/ ... View source version on businesswire.com.https.//www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180524005831/en/ ... http.//www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180524005831/en....
Challenger bank Paragon has said it has made strong progress in its mission to move from a monoline centralised lender to an increasingly diversified banking group as it announced a rise in new lending from £768m to £990m in the first half of 2018 ...Mortgagelending was up 22.7% to £721m from £587m while the group’s buy-to-let lending pipeline up 6.1% to £787m. Paragon’s commercial lending volumes also rose, up 49% to £269.3m....
The country’s fourth-largest brokerage Zerodha has received a lending licence from the RBI, and is now gearing up to launch operations by June end ... While banks have traditionally occupied the largest piece of the lending pie in this space, there are others like non-banking finance companies that are also establishing themselves ... The company received a lending licence from the RBI in March....
They’re here to stay.” These were the words of Brett van Aswegen, chief executive of Wonga Finance SA, on the loan sharks who are the heartbeat of the unregulated lending system that helps many with loans ... He saw the positives and negatives to illegal lending, and recognised that they were necessary to communities ... Surprisingly, informal lending often operates in tandem with more formal services to fulfil different needs....
Lara Trump, a senior adviser to Trump’s campaign, says the campaign will lend support to Cox in the primary ... More News. Chicago suspect in shooting of ATF agent pleads not guilty NationalNews 3 charged in Florida street racing death of Ohio mother ......
Joan Fleming-Ridley has been promoted to Vice-President of ResidentialMortgageLending and is responsible for all mortgage operations including originations, processing, underwriting and the administrative function... She has worked on both the retail and wholesale side of mortgage lending ... consumer lending, retail banking and faith based lending.... |
On that site, you can track your calorie intake, watch your sodium and potassium levels, and set fitness and weight goals. YOUR GOAL is to be as healthy as possible so every once in a while, you can eat a slice of Deep Dish Chicago Heaven without having a coronary.
Photos and images used on this website are property of their originators or copyright holders. Original content created for RealDeepDish.com is property of its creator. Food photos may be available for sale or license.
Often, people type “best deep dish pizza recipe” or “best chicago deep dish recipe” or “best chicago style deep dish recipe” or “authentic chicago deep dish” or “easy deep dish” or “real deep dish” into their search engine, and although I think the recipe on this site is a pretty darn good representation of the style, it’s really up to you to decide whether this is a good deep dish or a very good deep dish or a great deep dish or the best deep dish. Sometimes people just want to know how to make deep dish pizza dough & other times they just want to bake the best deep dish pizza at home that they can. Many think the Chicago Style Pizza Recipe is closest to Lou Malnati’s, but sometimes misspell it as Malnotti and others think it’s closer to PIzzeria Uno or Pizzeria Due, but it’s not really like Gino’s East, and it certainly is nothing like Uno’s Chicago Grill, and hopefully we can show you why in the DeepDish 101 section of the site. In any case, my website ramblings have probably increased the chances of you finding a good place to start learning about Chicago Style Pizza, so welcome and good luck on your quest for ultimate deep dish pizza happiness! And hey, if deep dish isn’t your thing, you can give Chicago Thin Crust Pizza a try, which some people also call “bar pizza”, “tavern pizza”, “square cut” or “box cut” because there’s a thin crust recipe too! |
#
# Copyright (C) 2010-2014 Jo-Philipp Wich <xm@subsignal.org>
#
# This is free software, licensed under the GNU General Public License v2.
# See /LICENSE for more information.
#
include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk
PKG_NAME:=px5g-standalone
PKG_RELEASE:=2
PKG_BUILD_DIR := $(BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME)
PKG_CHECK_FORMAT_SECURITY:=0
include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk
define Package/px5g-standalone
SECTION:=utils
CATEGORY:=Utilities
TITLE:=Standalone X.509 certificate generator (standalone version)
MAINTAINER:=Jo-Philipp Wich <xm@subsignal.org>
endef
define Package/px5g-standalone/description
Px5g is a tiny standalone X.509 certificate generator.
It suitable to create key files and certificates in DER
and PEM format for use with stunnel, uhttpd and others.
endef
define Build/Prepare
mkdir -p $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)
$(CP) ./src/* $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/
endef
define Package/px5g-standalone/install
$(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/usr/sbin
$(INSTALL_BIN) $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/px5g $(1)/usr/sbin/px5g
endef
$(eval $(call BuildPackage,px5g-standalone))
|
local util = require "pallene.util"
local execution_tests = require "spec.execution_tests"
local function compile(filename, pallene_code)
assert(util.set_file_contents(filename, pallene_code))
local cmd = string.format("./pallenec %s", util.shell_quote(filename))
local ok, _, _, errmsg = util.outputs_of_execute(cmd)
assert(ok, errmsg)
end
describe("#c_backend /", function ()
execution_tests.run(compile, 'c', _ENV, false)
end)
|
For the past 10 months, Mark Zuckerberg has crisscrossed America. His 30-state trip has been both a charm offensive and a focus group, a chance to step out of his bubble in Silicon Valley and see how different communities use Facebook. He’s toured a train yard in Nebraska, chatted with “folks” in Texas, fished in Alaska, and fed a calf in Wisconsin, all while sharing finely crafted updates with his 97 million Facebook followers.
The campaign-style tour has generated speculation Zuckerberg might run for president in 2020 (he told BuzzFeed News he’s not planning on it). But it hasn't done much to improve the public’s perception of him, according to new data obtained by BuzzFeed News.
Zuckerberg’s Q Score, a measure of how public figures are regarded by the public, has not changed significantly since January 2016, according to Henry Schafer, executive vice president at Marketing Evaluations, Inc., which measures Q Scores.
A Q Score is a widely used likability rating for public figures that’s derived by measuring the percent of people familiar with a public figure who say that person is one of their favorite personalities. Elon Musk’s Q Score, for instance, is 24%, while Bill Cosby’s is in the single digits.
Zuckerberg’s positive Q Score increased from 14% to 16% between January 2016 and September 2017, Schafer said. Meanwhile, his negative Q Score, which is the percent of people who rate him “fair” or “poor,” increased from 22% to 23%. Zuckerberg’s Q Score rates similarly to Ashton Kutcher, Rachael Ray, Charles Barkley, and Mark Cuban, who all have positive Q Scores of 16.
“The net effects were a couple points up, but not significant overall,” Schafer told BuzzFeed News. “You need about a five-point change in either direction to be significant.”
A Facebook spokesperson declined to comment, instead pointing BuzzFeed News to Zuckerberg's post announcing the tour, where he said, "My work is about connecting the world and giving everyone a voice. I want to personally hear more of those voices this year." |
///* Poly2Tri
// * Copyright (c) 2009-2010, Poly2Tri Contributors
// * http://code.google.com/p/poly2tri/
// *
// * All rights reserved.
// *
// * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
// * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
// *
// * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
// * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
// * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
// * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
// * * Neither the name of Poly2Tri nor the names of its contributors may be
// * used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
// * prior written permission.
// *
// * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
// * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
// * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
// * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
// * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
// * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
// * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// */
///// Changes from the Java version
///// Replaced getPolygons with attribute
///// Future possibilities
///// Replace Add(Polygon) with exposed container?
///// Replace entire class with HashSet<Polygon> ?
//using System.Collections.Generic;
//namespace Poly2Tri
//{
// public class PolygonSet
// {
// List<Polygon> _polygons = new List<Polygon>();
// public PolygonSet() { }
// public PolygonSet(Polygon polygon)
// {
// _polygons.Add(polygon);
// }
// public void Add(Polygon polygon)
// {
// _polygons.Add(polygon);
// }
// public IEnumerable<Polygon> Polygons { get { return _polygons; } }
// }
//}
|
Johnny Football legend builds
Express-News file photo
35of128
Tivy quarterback Johnny Manziel stiff-arms Ethan Rapp as he tries to get to the outside in the second half of their playoff game Friday, November 21, 2008 at Comalander Stadium. Tivy held off the Tigers, 14-6.
Tivy quarterback Johnny Manziel stiff-arms Ethan Rapp as he tries to get to the outside in the second half of their playoff game Friday, November 21, 2008 at Comalander Stadium. Tivy held off the Tigers, 14-6. |
Is interhemispheric transfer related to handedness and gender?
Interhemispheric transfer was assessed by five motor, tactile and visual tasks which required the 48 subjects to compare stimuli presented simultaneously on both sides of the body midline. Non-right-handers performed significantly better than consistent right-handers on one motor and one tactile task. Females out-performed males on the visual task and on one tactile task. Better interhemispheric transfer performance by non-right-handers and by females may be related to the reportedly larger corpus callosum regions in these groups and also to the reportedly less strong lateralization of function. |
Terri Zemaitis
Terri Zemaitis-Boumans (born April 28, 1976) is a retired American female volleyball player. She was part of the United States women's national volleyball team at the 1998 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Japan.
References
External links
http://www.flovolleyball.tv/article/49615-the-greatest-players-in-penn-state-women-s-volleyball-history#.WOJyQFXyvIU
http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1998-09-11/sports/9809110107_1_russ-rose-nittany-lions-penn-state
http://chippewa.com/family-god-provide-zemaitis-support-to-handle-stresses-of-life/article_80998fe6-b9c0-55d3-97c5-91637e41454b.html
http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archives/article_5d795a17-ab86-546d-b048-1e53ccae2b6f.html
Category:1976 births
Category:Living people
Category:American women's volleyball players
Category:Place of birth missing (living people) |
Swinney does his best Stephen A. impression
Clemson coach Dabo Swinney takes a page out of Stephen A. Smith's book and says "that's blasphemous" in regards to being worried about Clemson's chance at making the College Football Playoff. |
Occurrence of uroepithelial tumors of the upper urinary tract after the initial diagnosis of bladder cancer.
We treated 519 patients with primary bladder cancer, of whom 12 had upper urothelial tumor during followup. Almost all patients had superficial bladder cancer at diagnosis. All but 1 of 12 patients who underwent total cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion also underwent various transurethral procedures for treatment of the primary bladder lesions. The over-all incidence of bladder cancer patients who subsequently had upper urinary tract tumors was 2.3 per cent. Among the patients with treated bladder tumors a higher incidence (13.2 per cent) was observed in dye workers than in the general population (1.1 per cent). The interval between initial treatment of the bladder cancer and diagnosis of the upper urinary tract tumor ranged from 7 to 170 months (mean 70 months). The frequency of upper urinary tract tumors increased with time. We conclude that the appearance of upper urinary tract tumor after diagnosis of primary bladder cancer may be promoted by nonspecific irritation of the urothelium, which previously was made unstable by urinary chemical carcinogens. |
Public Sub Main()
Dim sTrial As String[] = ["49927398716", "49927398717", "1234567812345678", "1234567812345670"]
Dim sRev As String
Dim siCount, siOdd, siEven, siHold, siQty As Short
For siQty = 0 To sTrial.Max
siOdd = 0
siEven = 0
sRev = ""
For siCount = Len(sTrial[siQty]) DownTo 1
sRev &= Mid(sTrial[siQty], siCount, 1)
Next
For siCount = 1 To Len(sRev)
If Odd(siCount) Then siOdd += Val(Mid(sRev, siCount, 1))
If Even(siCount) Then
siHold = Val(Mid(sRev, siCount, 1)) * 2
If siHold > 9 Then
siEven += Val(Mid(Str(siHold), 1, 1)) + Val(Mid(Str(siHold), 2, 1))
Else
siEven += Val(Mid(sRev, siCount, 1)) * 2
End If
End If
Next
sRev = Str(siOdd + siEven)
If sRev Ends "0" Then
Print sTrial[siQty] & " is a valid number"
Else
Print sTrial[siQty] & " is NOT a valid number"
End If
Next
End
|
Q:
How to overload a method in an object type
I have a simple method in a object car, which converts the power from the value in the object's horsepower field (hp) to kilowatts (kW). The code is the following:
MAP MEMBER FUNCTION engine_power
RETURN FLOAT IS
v_kw FLOAT := 0.745699872;
BEGIN
RETURN hp * v_kw;
END;
Now I want to overload this method to calculate the power, but the result will be INTEGER instead of FLOAT.
What is the syntax for overloading the method in the body of the object?
A:
You can only have one MAP method, but you can add another method with the integer. You need to add it in both the type and type body statements:
create type my_object as object (hp number,
MAP MEMBER FUNCTION engine_power RETURN FLOAT,
MEMBER FUNCTION engine_power RETURN INTEGER
);
/
Type MY_OBJECT compiled
create type body my_object as
MAP MEMBER FUNCTION engine_power
RETURN FLOAT IS
v_kw FLOAT := 0.745699872;
BEGIN
RETURN hp * v_kw;
END;
MEMBER FUNCTION engine_power
RETURN INTEGER IS
v_kw FLOAT := 0.745699872;
BEGIN
RETURN TRUNC(hp * v_kw);
END;
end;
/
Type body MY_OBJECT compiled
I'm not sure you really want either to be a MAP method, but depends how you're using the methods.
|
Lautenberg Hopes to Return to D.C. for Gun Votes
Lautenberg, who has not cast a vote since the end of February, may return to Washington this week to cast a vote for gun control legislation.
New Jersey Sen. Frank R. Lautenberg “hopes” to return to Washington this week to provide crucial votes for Democrats looking to advance gun control legislation.
The 89-year-old retiring Democrat has not cast a vote since Feb. 28.
“Senator Lautenberg is feeling better and hopes to be in Washington for gun votes this week,” Lautenberg spokesman Caley Gray said in an email.
The Senate voted last week to open debate on a gun package that includes a bipartisan amendment to expand the country’s background check system. That measure is slotted to get a vote on Tuesday, though it is still unclear whether there are enough votes to pass it, with or without Lautenberg.
He has been a leader on gun issues and worked on legislation to ban high-capacity gun magazines. |
Really Good: Introduction to Power Laws- via Intrepid Insights – Here’s a really good primer on the Power Law phenomenon. As you can see, this manifests itself in the real world much more often than the so-called “normal” distribution:
The Economics of Superstars- via Rosen – The phenomenon of Superstars, wherein relatively small numbers of people earn enormous amounts of money and dominate the activities in which they engage, seems to be increasingly important in the modern world. While some may argue that it is all an illusion of world inflation, its currency may be signaling a deeper issue.’ Realizing that world inflation may command the title, if not the content of this paper, quickly to the scrap heap, I have found no better term to describe the phenomenon. In certain hnds of economic activity there is concentration of output among a few individuals, marked skewness in the associated distributions of income and very large rewards at the top.
Missing the Trees for the Forest: - NYU, Princeton, & Rice – via These findings suggest a novel factor that might contribute to such diverse social-cognitive shortcomings as stereotyping, egocentrism, and the planning fallacy, where people adopt abstract representations of concepts that should be represented concretely.What have academics added to asset Management? - via SSRN – In this, the fourth article in the economists’ hubris paper series we look at the contributions of academic thought to the field of asset management. We find that while the theoretical aspects of the modern portfolio theory are valuable they offer little insight into how the asset management industry actually operates, how its executives are compensated, and how their performances are measured. We find that very few, if any, portfolio managers look for the efficiency frontier in their asset allocation processes, mainly because it is almost impossible to locate in reality, and base their decisions on a combination of gut feelings and analyst recommendations
Observation Inflation: When Your Actions Become Mine - via Psych Science – Imagining performing an action can induce false memories of having actually performed it—this is referred to as the imagination-inflation effect. Drawing on research suggesting that action observation—like imagination—involves action simulation, and thus creates matching motor representations in observers, we examined whether false memories of self-performance can also result from merely observing another person’s actions. In three experiments, participants observed actions, some of which they had not performed earlier, and took a source-memory test. Action observation robustly produced false memories of self-performance relative to control conditions. The demonstration of this effect, which we refer to as observation inflation, reveals a previously unknown source of false memories that is ubiquitous in everyday life. The effect persisted despite warnings or instructions to focus on self-performance cues given immediately before the test, and despite elimination of sensory overlap between performance and observation. The findings are not easily reconciled with a source-monitoring account but appear to fit an account invoking interpersonal motor simulation.
Taxes & The Billion-Dollar Shack - via NYT – In a ferocious tropical heat, I stood a few feet from the front door of the building — a shack, really — that some say brought Russia to its knees and destroyed it as a modern nation. There is no plaque commemorating this achievement, and I may have been the first to make this pilgrimage. After all, there are only two flights a week out of Brisbane, Australia, that will even take you here — here being the nation of Nauru, a tiny island 1,200 miles east of New Guinea in the Pacific Ocean, just south of the Equator. It may be about as far away from everywhere as you can get and still be somewhere.
Ovulating Women Unconsciously Buy Sexier Clothing to Outdo Attractive Women – Via ScienceDaily — Ovulating women unconsciously buy sexier clothes, says new research from the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management. The study finds that ovulating women unconsciously dress to impress — doing so not to impress men, but to outdo rival women during the handful of days each month when they are ovulating.Is the UK a confused nation crippled by choice – via PhysOrg – The UK is a nation overwhelmed by too much choice and information according to a study based on the views of 6,000 people, revealing that modern life has created a generation of people incapable of making decisions.
Miguel’s Weekly Favorites
Arrogant Professionals- via Overcoming Bias – “We study a unique panel of over 11,600 probability distributions provided by top financial executives and spanning nearly a decade of stock market expectations. Our results show that financial executives are severely miscalibrated: realized market returns are within the executives’ 80% confidence intervals only 33% of the time. We show that miscalibration improves following poor market performance periods because forecasters extrapolate past returns when forming their lower forecast bound (”worst case scenario”), while they do not update the upper bound (”best case scenario”) as much. Finally, we link stock market miscalibration to miscalibration about own-firm project forecasts and increased corporate investment.” (more)
Understanding: Consistency + Commitment - via Brooks Bell – So first – hazing. How does this apply to the marketing concept of commitment and consistency? Cialdini does a great job linking hazing to tribal initiation rites with the initiates going through the same type of tribulations: beatings, exposure to cold, thirst, punishment, threats of death, and– my personal favorite– the eating of unsavory foods. The important part for marketers comes AFTER the hazing– the initiates actually value the membership to the group MORE because of how they had to struggle to get into it. In other words, once the initiate overcame the difficult hurdles to get into the group, their commitment to the group was heightened. Struggle + Commitment = Loyalty. Consistency comes in to play here as well– once the initiate has made a decision about how great the group is they just joined, they will have a tendency to act in a manner that supports their commitment.
Dopamine Determines Impulsive Behavior - via Sciam- Brain scans illuminate the internal connection among the neurotransmitter, impulsiveness and addiction-”Individuals vary widely in their capacity to deliberate on the potential consequences of their choices before they act,” note the authors of a new study on the impulsive tendency. “Highly impulsive people frequently make rash, destructive decisions.”
A Field Guide To Narcissism – via Psych Today – There’s the groom who wouldn’t let his fiancée’s overweight friend be a bridesmaid because he didn’t want her near him in the wedding pictures. The entrepreneur who launched a meeting for new employees by explaining that nobody ever gets anywhere working for someone else. The woman who had such confidence in her great taste, she routinely redecorated her daughter’s home without asking. The guy who found himself so handsome, he took a self-portrait with a Polaroid every night before bed to preserve the moment.
Low- and high-end fashion products & signaling conspiracies - via overcoming Bias – Low- and high-end fashion products tend to have less conspicuous brand markers than midprice goods, according to a paper soon to be published in The Journal of Consumer Research. Rather than rely on obvious logos, expensive products use more discreet markers, such as distinctive design or detailing. High-end consumers prefer markers of status that are not decipherable by the mainstream. These signal group identity only to others with the connoisseurship to recognize their insider standing.
A Judge’s Guide To Neuroscience - via Sage -It is part of the human condition to think about how we think and to attach consequences to our conclusions. In law, for example, whether a person goes to prison (and for how long), and whether a person is liable for damages (and for how much), are the product not only of what action the person took but also of what the person’s state of mind was when he or she so acted. Yet few of us are very good mind-readers, and the law has struggled both to define relevant states of mind and to devise ways of perceiving them.
Have less, give more - via Boston- According to a team of psychologists, the lower classes are a cut above. Given the opportunity to share money with an anonymous person, people who considered themselves lower in socioeconomic status shared more. When asked how much of one’s salary should be donated to charity, they designated a higher percentage. And, when confronted with a distressed person in need, they offered more help. These differences don’t seem to be innate. For example, after simply asking people to contemplate their socioeconomic status relative to those with higher socioeconomic status, people became more charitable. The authors theorize that people in the lower strata of society are particularly motivated by a greater dependence on — and, thus, concern for — social relationships, though affluent individuals may be more inclined to abstract charity (e.g., the environment).How To: Turning pages into data - via Stat Modeling – There is a lot of data on the web, meant to be looked at by people, but how do you turn it into a spreadsheet people could actually analyze statistically? The technique to turn web pages intended for people into structured data sets intended for computers is called “screen scraping.” It has just been made easier with a wiki/community http://scraperwiki.com/.
How much of who you choose to date is determined by your preferences vs “market conditions”? - via bakadesuyo – The role of individual preferences, however, is outplayed by that of opportunities. Along some attributes (such as occupation, height and smoking) opportunities explain almost all the estimated variation in demand. Along other attributes (such as age), the role of preferences is more substantial, but never dominant.Emotional or Sexual Infidelity? If you have to pick one…. – via Social Psych Eye – Which is worse, your partner being sexually or emotionally unfaithful? For most people either an emotional or sexual affair can inspire feelings of anger or jealousy. However, “Sugarbabe” author Holly Hill argues that, for men, cheating is normal and thus women should accept that their partner will probably cheat on them. She says, however, that women can regain control by allowing their partners to cheat but controlling the circumstances. According to her, by creating rules about your partner cheating you can structure their infidelity and dissuade them from keeping their affairs secret. In particular, Hill seems to suggest that it is emotional affairs which hurt, and by allowing sexual infidelity she keeps her partner from having an emotional relationship with someone else. For example she says that in her relationship, her boyfriend is allowed to have sex with other women but not sleep over or go on “romantic weekends”.
When Even The Illusion Of Progress Is Motivating - via What Makes Them Click – The goal-gradient effect says that you will accelerate your behavior as you progress closer to your goal. The scenarios I describe above were part of a research study by Ran Kivetz, Oleg Urminsky, and Yuhuang Zheng (full reference is below). They decided to see if humans would behave like the rats. And the answer is, yes they do.
Studying imperfect rationality- via Do It Yourself Scholar – Much of economic theory is based on the idea that humans are rational actors who carefully calculate the pros and cons of each decision. But what gets left out such a world view? UCLA Public Policy Professor Mark Kleiman attempts to fill in the blanks in his course Imperfect Rationality (feed).
Are self-reflective people more depressed? - via Deric Bownds – I’ve repeatedly heard in psychology seminars the truism that introspection (versus extroversion) correlates with depression. Grossmann and Kross, in their comparison of University of Michigan and Moscow State University students, show that this depends very much on culture. Gilbert Chin does a nice summary in the July 30 Science Magazine (picture credit: Vassilij Grivorovi Perov):
Paul Rozin on what psychologists should study- via Culture & Cognition – A related point is that psychologists may now be too bent on minute investigations of mechanisms, again as opposed to making sure that these mechanisms fit within the larger picture of the known phenomena. Sometimes a phenomenon that is only reported in a few (or even a single) studies will give rise to many publications trying to elucidate the precise mechanisms that give rise to it. This is often done without pausing for a second and wondering of the original phenomenon is robust—if it occurs across a reasonable variety of situations—or if it is not part of a larger phenomenon—in which case studying the details of a particular situation is unlikely to yield a deep understanding of the mechanisms.Women Are More Attracted to Men Wearing Red - via Discovery -The Lady in Red” is famous in movies, books and music, but men in red turn out to be just as alluring, according to a new study that found men who wear red are more attractive and sexually desirable to women.
Video: Science Shows Superstitions Actually Work! Sort of - via PsychFiles – Okay, admit it – you have some kind of lucky charm on you, in your car or in your house. And if you participate in any sport or performance activity you have some sort of ritual that you believe will help make you more successful. Well guess what – there is research to show that such charms and rituals really do help you perform better. Find out how in this episode of The Psych Files.
Don’t Go Grocery Shopping When Hungry!- via One of the relevant studies that I cite in my two books constitutes the topic of today’s post. It is an “oldie but goodie” study published in 1969 that explored the link between situational hunger and grocery purchases. Richard E. Nisbett and David E. Kanouse tracked the grocery bills of “normal weight” individuals (n = 134) as well as their overweight counterparts (n = 149), and linked these to shoppers’ levels of food deprivation (i.e., a proxy measure of situational hunger). I would have thought that both groups would display a positive relationship between situational hunger and grocery bill (an instantiation of the deficit hypothesis for food hoarding), with the relationship being stronger for the overweight consumers. This is not what was found, at least not for the overweight shoppers.
Hard Drinkers, Meet Soft Science - via Neuroanthroplogy – Of the 23 million people who struggle with alcohol or drug abuse on a yearly basis, roughly 1.2 million regularly attend Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings as a way to stop drinking. AA was the first 12-step program to be created. Founded on December 14, 1934 by Bill Wilson and Robert or “Dr. Bob” Smith, AA combines self-assessment, reconciliation, group therapy, and surrendering control to a “higher power” in a progressive plan consisting of 12 distinct steps to combat impulsive cravings to use.
From Cockpit to Concert Hall: Distributed Cognition- via Everyday Sociology – Edwin Hutchins, a professor and researcher in the field of cognitive science, has conducted extensive research about distributed cognition. Distributed cognition means that an individual’s understanding of and actions in the world are not merely a product of that one person’s individual decisions or desires, but are influenced by non-human agents.
Tatonnement: Groping for Stock Equilibrium- via Psy-Fi Blog – One of the oldest saws in the book of economics is the idea of supply and demand; it even pre-dates Adam Smith, with a legacy stretching back to Muslim thinkers of the eleventh century. If people demand the Pet Rock as the next must-have toy but supply is limited then prices of Pet Rocks will go up. If some enterprising rock counterfeiter then floods the market with a supply of good-enough fakes then the demand is likely to fall, and price with it.
The spectacles through which I see the race and IQ debate- via Flynn- The ranking of Wechsler subtests in terms of their g loadings is equivalent to ranking them in terms of the cognitive complexity of the tasks measured. Lower performing groups do not always fall behind higher performing groups the more complex the task. But that is the general rule, no matter whether the cause of the lower performance is genetic or environmental. Complex tasks tend to be more affected by genetic differences in inherited traits, have higher heritability, and be more sensitive to inbreeding depression. Therefore, the method of correlated vectors sheds no light on the race and IQ debate. It is irrelevant that black/white score differences on Wechsler subtests rise as their g loading, heritability, and inbreeding sensitivity rise.
Humans Imitate Aspects of Speech We See- via ScienceDaily — Humans are incessant imitators. We unintentionally imitate subtle aspects of each other’s mannerisms, postures and facial expressions. We also imitate each other’s speech patterns, including inflections, talking speed and speaking style. Sometimes, we even take on the foreign accent of the person to whom we’re talking, leading to embarrassing consequences.
What Really Happened: Stealing Mona Lisa – via Vanity Fair – The shocking theft of the Mona Lisa, in August 1911, appeared to have been solved 28 months later, when the painting was recovered. In an excerpt from their new book, the authors suggest that the audacious heist concealed a perfect—and far more lucrative—crime.
Financial Topics & Investing
How to Survive in Vegas - via Business Week – Gary Loveman left a Harvard Business School professorship to join Harrah’s Entertainment. By putting his theories about customer service into practice, he built the world’s biggest gaming company. Then came the crash
Billion-Dollar Underdogs - via Miller McCune – Americans love the underdog whether it’s in sports, in history or political campaigns — and in the brands they buy.That’s right, Samuel Adams beer, Ben and Jerry’s and Google — at least the old Google — all belong right up there with the Alamo, David, and Lance Armstrong … well, the Lance we hoped wasn’t juiced.
The world’s least expensive cities in 2010 – via La Times – Get more out of your dollar with a vacation to one of these atypical travel destinations. These cities were ranked as the least expensive in the world by the 2010 Mercer Cost of Living Survey, released in June.
Video: Wilbur Ross on Charlie Rose- via CRVideo: Ken Rogoff on Charlie Rose- via CRDan Loeb: You’re Boring Me- via II -In July, he posted a 3.2 percent return in his $1.86 billion Third Point Offshore Fund, Ltd., boosting his 2010 return to 13.7 percent. Not many other hedge fund managers can make this claim. And, yes, he shrewdly racked up gains from two auto-related companies — Delphi and Chrysler — a natural gas company, and some short position whose name he would not divulge to investors. But, this is boring stuff.
Academic Research Worth Reading
Eliciting Risk and Time Preferences - via Geary Behavior Center – We conducted experiments in Vietnamese villages to determine the predictors of risk and time preferences. In villages with higher mean income, people are less loss-averse and more patient. Household income is correlated with patience but not with risk. We expand measurements of risk and time preferences beyond expected utility and exponential discounting, replacing those models with prospect theory and a three-parameter hyperbolic discounting model. Comparable risk parameter estimates have been found for Chinese farmers, using our method. (C83, D12, O12, P38) |
Checking In On Flood Recovery Efforts With Pat Forbes
86 thousand homes in Louisiana had damage from flooding last year, and state recovery officials are working to distribute federal recovery dollars to flood victims. In order to find out who flooded and how badly, the state set up a survey; only 31 thousand households have filled it out.
The Restore Louisiana Homeowner Assistance Program helped the neediest people first - like the low income, elderly and disabled. Construction is already underway for many of those properties. Now it’s expanding eligibility in the hopes of getting money out to more people. The program is accepting applications for households - regardless of income - across the ten parishes hit hardest by the floods.
WWNO's Jessica Rosgaard sat down with Pat Forbes, Executive Director of the Office of Community Development, to get an update on the recovery efforts.
Listen
Listening...
/
The Office of Community Development gives an update on ongoing flood recovery efforts in Louisiana.
Officials urge everyone who had damage from the flood to fill out the survey, online at restore.la.gov, over the phone by calling 866-735-2001, or at one of four Homeowner Assistance Centers in Baton Rouge, Hammond, Lafayette, and Monroe.
The Louisiana Public Radio Partnership is made possible by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. |
Q:
MELPA pointing to non-existent version of multi-term?
I am trying to use MELPA to install the emacs package "multi-term". When I do package-install multi-term, I get "http://melpa.org/packages/multi-term-20141203.1658.el: Not found". However, a more recent version http://melpa.org/packages/multi-term-20150220.1320.el is on MELPA. Why is emacs not installing this version?
A:
This can happen if a package is updated in MELPA while you have an old list of packages cached locally.
Update your local package list with M-x package-refresh-contents and try again. This should sync your local package list with MELPA, and installing your package should work.
|
Q:
Не выводит построчно текст TextMesh
Показывает только 9.
public GameObject go;
void ShowText(){
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
go.GetComponent<TextMesh> ().text = i + "\n";
}
А если сделать вот так, то выводит со следующей строкой:
void ShowText(){
// работает
go.GetComponent<TextMesh> ().text = "HereText\nHereTextToo";
// работает тоже
go.GetComponent<TextMesh> ().text = "HereText" + "\n" + "HereTextToo";
}
Как получить столбик от 0 до 9?
A:
Ты перезаписываешь свою строку каждую итерацию.
void ShowText()
{
var tm = go.GetComponent<TextMesh> ();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
tm.text += i + "\n";
}
|
This interview is a dream come true for Katie and Cathy: chatting with THE first all female owned micro-brewery in MN owners Jill and Deb of Urban Growler! Jill and Deb discuss what it was like to get their brewery started, their goal to be recognized beyond their female ownership status, and how beer is here to bring people together.
We want to thank Jill and Deb for being such amazing guests and amazing people. We recorded this back on Dec 2nd and it was out of love and respect that it took so long to get this episode out. It also means we were pretty new to all this so we forgot to thank them on the episode so Thank you Thank you Thank you!
Beers we mention: Amber Skyline, Candy Corn Imperial Cream Ale, Russian Imperial Bourbon Barrel Aged Porter
Follow Urban Growler on Instagram @urbangrowler Twitter @UrbanGrowlerMN and Facebook Page Urban Growler Brewing Company
Publish Date: 5/4/2018 |
1962 Buffalo Bills season
The 1962 Buffalo Bills season was the team’s third season in the American Football League. The Bills finished the season with a 7–6–1 record, third place in the AFL East; it was the Bills' first-ever season finishing with a winning record.
The Bills lost their first five games of the season, but finished the final nine games with only one loss (and one tie).
Season Summary
The Bills were a run-heavy offense in 1962; they led the league in rushing yards, with 2,480. The Bills ran the ball 58.8 percent of the time on offense. The Bills gained 5.0 yards per carry as a team, tied for the league lead.
Bills running back Cookie Gilchrist, who came to the Bills in 1962 from the Canadian Football League, led the AFL in rushing yards with 1,096 yards. and 13 rushing touchdowns. Running back Wray Carlton ran for 530 yards, but led the league with 5.6 yards per rushing attempt.
The Bills' defense got a major infusion of talent on defense, as rookies Tom Sestak, Mike Stratton, Ray Abruzzese, and Booker Edgerson won starting jobs.
Offseason
During the offseason, the Bills removed former coach Buster Ramsey and hired Lou Saban to helm the team.
The Bills also picked up former Chargers quarterback Jack Kemp off the waiver wire. Kemp had a broken hand, and as such could not play until the twelfth game of the season, but he would prove to be the best Bills quarterback of the 1960s.
AFL Draft
Defensive lineman Tom Sestak and linebacker Mike Stratton started for the Bills on defense as rookies; both would go on to be AFL All-Stars multiple times.
Ernie Davis
The Bills selected Heisman Trophy winner Ernie Davis from Syracuse with their first draft pick, and Davis may have very well signed with his hometown Bills (Davis grew up in nearby Elmira), since the National Football League team that drafted him, the Washington Redskins, was led by avowed racist George Preston Marshall and had only drafted Davis as a token black to avoid losing the Redskins' stadium lease; Davis refused to play for the Redskins. The Redskins traded Davis's rights to the Cleveland Browns, and Davis instead signed with the Browns. Unfortunately for all parties, Davis was diagnosed with acute monocytic leukemia in the summer of 1962, and the Browns barred him from playing for the team (despite the cancer being in remission by the time the preseason began). The cancer later returned, and Davis died May 18, 1963, having never played a down of professional football.
Personnel
Staff
Final roster
Regular season
Season schedule
Standings
Roster
Awards and Records
References
Buffalo Bills on Pro Football Reference
Buffalo Bills on jt-sw.com
Buffalo Bills
Category:Buffalo Bills seasons
Buffalo Bills |
Q:
"Unexpected list type" exception when invoking ISessionAwareCoreService.GetList()
I am invoking the Tridion 2011 SP1 core service via the shipped client assembly. When I attempt to list the contents of a publication, I get an exception.
The code (simplified) looks like this:
ItemsFilterData filter = new Tridion.ContentManager.CoreService
.Client.RepositoryItemsFilterData.RepositoryItemsFilterData();
filter.ItemTypes = new ItemType[] {
ItemType.Folder,
ItemType.StructureGroup
};
filter.Recursive = false;
IEnumerable<IdentifiableObjectData> childItems = core.GetList("tcm:0-15-1", filter);
Note: the variable "core" refers to an ISessionAwareCoreService which I can successfully use to call, for example core.GetSystemWideList()
When .GetList is invoked, I get the following exception:
System.ServiceModel.FaultException`1 was unhandled
Message=Unexpected list type:
Tridion.ContentManager.Data.ContentManagement.RepositoryItemsFilterData.
What are the possible causes of this problem? Can you suggest a good general approach for interpreting this kind of message?
A:
You can't get the direct children of a Publication using GetList. Instead you should just load the PublicationData with a client.Read and then access the RootFolder and RootStructureGroup on that.
PublicationData pub = (PublicationData)core.Read("tcm:0-1-1", new ReadOptions());
string rootFolder = pub.RootFolder.IdRef;
string rootSG = pub.RootStructureGroup.IdRef;
Alternatively you can call GetListXml with your RepositoryItemsFilterData and extract the items from the XML yourself.
XElement listResult = core.GetListXml(parent.ID, filter);
|
R13's crewneck sweater is composed of a cream stockinette-stitched cotton blend. A nod to the street influence in the New York label's collection, this style is artfully stretched and shredded. English rib-knit crewneck, cuffs, bottom band. Drop shoulders. Long sleeves. Pulls over. Available in Cream. 60% cotton, 40% acrylic. Dry clean. Imported.;COTTON
This tattered and destroyed sweater takes a classic idea and rips it to shreds. A wardrobe essential updated for the trend setter, with an oversized cut ensures a comfortable fit that you will love to bundle into. Color: Creme 30% Alpaca 30% Merino Wool 40% Acrylic Dry Clean Only
It’s hard not to gravitate to R13’s unflinchingly authentic collections; especially when an undeniable ‘90s grunge influence is nearly always involved. Distressed and shredded at the neckline, hem and arms, this cotton blend jumper does its best to destroy society’s idea of luxury. Left long at the sleeves with ribbed trims to give it its shape; a checked overlay dress and leather biker boots are the only things you’ll want to pair it with throughout SS17. R13 cotton blend jumperExposed button fastening at frontV neck, long sleeves, all over distressed detailing, loose knit, slits at sides, ribbed trims60% cotton, 40% acrylicDry cleanTrue to sizeSize small: Length 34"Model is 5ft 10" and wears a size small |
Racism is the belief that humans can be meaningfully defined into biologicalethnic categories in order to separate supposed superior from inferior races and/or generally showing discrimination or hostility against a person(s) on the basis of their race.[2][3] It is based upon the irrational belief that superficial differences among races "determine cultural or individual achievement."[4] Racism manifests in negative discrimination based upon race in a particular culture. Positive discrimination based upon race is usually viewed as ameliorative (e.g.,affirmative action) of past and present injustices in a deeply racist culture. As such, it isn't based on notions of racial superiority and most therefore do not consider such policies to be racist.
There is some disagreement as to what the term "racism" means, although the most common definition is generally something along the lines of "showing prejudice towards a person on the basis of their race". Disputed positions of this include:
Racism requires prejudice plus power, and thus racial minorities cannot be racist, but can be prejudiced.
Racism includes any recognition of race, even without any belief in superiority.
Racism includes desire for racial separation.
Arguments for the One True Definition (Argumentum ad dictionarium) sometimes occur, given the strong emotional connotations that come with the term.
Racism has existed in all areas and at all times where different races or cultures of humans have encountered each other. It is an unfortunate legacy of ancient days as hunter-gatherers that humans are inclined to judge groups by surface appearances. While this trait presumably was very useful in a day in which clan cohesion and recognition were of paramount importance, as society evolved into agrarian and then urban forms the habit has proven to be a problem.
With the rise of the written word and formalizing social bonds in the shape of nations, groups began to acquire specific reputations for certain characteristics or simply for general inferiority. What had once been tribal distinctions became immense labels spanning populations of millions. Most notably and globally, by the time of the Middle Ages, those who were light-skinned (today called "Caucasian" or white) generally considered other races, such as the equally advanced Islamic cultures of north Africa and the Middle East, to be 'savages'. The age of exploration and empire, from the sixteenth century onwards, provided new opportunities for racial prejudice and exploitation.
During the eighteenth to twentieth centuries, entire pseudosciences grew up around the study of such "superiorities," with phrenology or other studies of physical appearance purporting to determine with exactness an individual's racial makeup and the traits that would reputedly correspond. The English were held to be phlegmatic, people from Africa to be stupid, people from Asia to be thieves, and the Jews were viewed with a mix of hatred and admiration. [5]
One of the strongest reinforcements of this worldview was that it was quite apparent to everyone that the white people were running the show. For the last few centuries, most people believed that the immensely disproportionate power and wealth of Europeans (and later Americans) was palpable proof that the white race was superior. After all, how could the British have carved out an empire that spanned the world from their tiny island, if their native intelligence or courage were not naturally superior? It seems obvious on the face of it, and it is why this attitude is still present in many people; evil doesn't inspire racism, but rather ignorance.
Recent anthropologists, however, have suggested an alternate theory based on geography, a position most notably championed by Jared Diamond. The Mediterranean area and Europe constitute one of the few horizontally-constant areas of ecological stability. The same sort of crops that can be sown in Rome could be sown in London, with relatively little climate variation that would make such transfers difficult. This enabled the best crops such as wheat to be transferred among huge populations in a short time, along with parallel advances in technology (such as the metal plow). This is in contrast to areas such as Africa and the Americas, which have a fraction of comparably similar terrain. A crop which grows well in New York is not likely to grow well in Florida or Texas.
This rapid spread of agricultural information combined with immensely superior "packages": the available native species suitable for domestication. The Mediterranean area has a much higher number of such plant and animal species that were well-suited for use by man. And in short order, this enabled those in the area to produce much more food per capita. In turn, this enabled the construction of cities of enormous size and concentrations of individuals, whose fecundity yielded many more inventors to further advance technology and develop strong resistance to virulent diseases.[6][7]
In the end, this meant that the white peoples of Europe possessed more food and infinitely better technology and that they carried diseases that wiped out the legions that opposed them. Any belief in natural superiority is entirely unfounded.
Traditionally, the patriarchal assumption that the Empire was "doing good things for the darkies" does not hold up very well to reason. Luckily, their colonies pretty much all finally regained independence, and those outside of Africa are doing just fine on their own, thank you (Africa's still restrained in an economic sphere of influence [8]).[note 1]
European colonial rule in Asia and Africa was a venture that was justified by racist ideology. [9][10] British and French Second World War claims that they were fighting for democracy, freedom and justice were deemed hypocritical by colonial subjects worldwide because of European domination and racism.[11] It should be noted that this behavior was not confined to Europeans and had been in practice by other cultures too such as Arabia, China and Japan. Japan is noted to have invaded several surrounding countries and attempted to forcibly assimilate certain segments of the population.
During World War 2 the American government decided that Japanese people were dangerous because of the very scary combination of not being white and having ancestors from an enemy nation. Thus they deported all Americans with Japanese ancestry to some internment camps. The scale on which this occurred with German and Italian Americans was much smaller, to the point that most people forget that it happened at all, and throughout the war they were very safe. Why? They were a massive segment of the population that had roots in almost every local community. To intern these individuals would be a logistical nightmare that would impact everyone seemingly unnecessarily. Japanese populations were more isolated and small and Americans believed their entire ethnic group to be a problem. The issue of racism here is that the Americans viewed the Japanese as a problematic race while viewing the Germans and Italians as good just the ones in Europe had been corrupted by an ideology showing that most Americans had little to no contact with Japanese individuals and were prone to anxieties related to East Asians.[12]
During the twelve year reign of the National Socialists in Germany, Jews (and also Roma/Sinti and Slavs) were considered a sub-human race fit for extermination, while the concept of the Aryan race was manufactured from whole cloth. Racism simultaneously provided the Nazis a justification for world conquest (Lebensraum for the master race), as well as a class of millions of dispossessed people to take the blame for every national ill and policy failure.
The first people in Hokkaido, Japan, were the Ainu, who look very physically distinct from Yamato Japanese and speak a language completely unrelated to anything else. The Tokugawa Shogunate tried to make them Japanese in order to counter Russia's influence in the region, but for the most part the government left them alone. Later, the Meiji government tried increasingly to make the region more Japanese by outlawing the Ainu language. Many Ainu were enslaved by the Japanese fishing industry. After the Russians took over the island of Sakhalin north of Japan, most of its native Ainu population was sent to Japan to be returned to their "homeland". There are very few "pure" Ainu left and most people with known Ainu ancestry in Japan face intense discrimination. For the most part their culture and language have already been wiped out. After World War II, however, there were some attempts to revive Ainu culture and language. In 2008 the Japanese Diet officially recognized the Ainu as one of the indigenous peoples of Japan and noted the history of discrimination against them, though since the death of Shigeru Kayano they have not bothered trying to stop what is left of the Ainu from completely dying out.
Even this cannot be said for the people native to Japan's southern islands, collectively known as the Ryukyu Islands. The islands of Amami, Okinawa, Miyako, and Yaeyama stretches from Kyushu in the north east to Taiwan in the south west, and were independent from both Japan and China, eventually unifying as the Ryukyu Kingdom and serving as a tributary state to both larger empires until Japan subsumed the islands into Okinawa Prefecture during the Meiji period. Japanese rule was marked by discrimination, which increased in the early 20th century with the use of the dialect card to drive the various native Ryukyu languages into extinction. The American occupation following World War II tried to foster the independent Ryukyu culture, but met with resistance due to a desire to be reunified with Japan. It is only in recent years that the various languages, deemed dialects by the Japanese government despite being mutually unintelligible with Japanese or each other, receive recognition as culturally important.
There's also a level of discrimination against the burakumin, descendants of the lowest class in the caste system of feudal Japan which was associated with "unclean" industries that dealt with death. Although the caste system and the discrimination allegedly associated with it was eliminated in the Meiji Restoration, the burakumin remained discriminated against. The former burakumin ghetto in Tokyo was the last to get service on the streetcar line and to this day still has leather and butcher shops. Discrimination against the burakumin is mostly relegated to the Kansai region of Japan, where families would run background checks on potential inlaws to see if they have burakumin heritage; businesses in the region were also known to discriminate against the burakumin, until a scandal over an unofficially published book erupted that specifically outlawed this practice in Osaka entirely. Various Buraku Liberation groups exist within Japan to combat the latent institutional racism against them. N.B. Please NEVER use the term 'burakumin' when in Japan - it's equivalent to the N- Word. 'Dowa mondai' is the appropriate term.
The Japanese are also discriminatory towards other non-Japanese people living in Japan, mainly the Korean ethnic minorities. Zainichi Koreans, that is ethnic Koreans born in Japan for upwards of several generations, are not considered Japanese citizens. They must go through an extensive genealogical check that many could not afford in the past, and must naturalize completely, ignoring any cultural ties to their Korean heritage. The split of Korea also caused problems, with the North Korean minority being blamed for the kidnapping of 17 Japanese citizens by the North Koreaintelligenceservice a blame easily extended to all Zainichi.
Overall, Christianity generally promotes tolerance. Numerous quotes in the New Testament speak to the equality of all human "races". (The Old Testament is another matter.) Christians come from every ethnic group on the planet and significant populations of Christians can be found on every continent from every racial group. Christianity has historically found itself harnessed by homophobes and racists[note 2] — Jews are "Christ killers", blacks are "Children of Ham" — and although usually they represent small sects of the population at times Christian leaders have promoted large scale racism, such as slavery in the American South, which was fully aided and abetted by the religious institutions there. It should be noted, however, some of the less batshit crazy religious institutions openly supported the Civil Rights Movement, and that Martin Luther King himself was a reverend, not to mention the fact that many prominent Civil War-era abolitionists believed they were carrying out God's will, especially John Brown.
Since the rise of the neoconservative movement, Christian hawks have chosen to bury the hatchet with the old pals, the Jews, in the interest of preserving Israel — though they privately insist that Zionists will still burn in the Rapture. (Sorry.)
Galatians 3:28: "There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus."
In the Book of Mormon, great stock is placed in skin color. The godly Nephites are a "fair and wholesome" people, while the disobedient Lamanites are given dark skin as a curse for their oppression of the Nephites. Later in the book, some of the Lamanites repent, and their skin miraculously becomes fair and wholesome again. As recently as 1978, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints refused to give African-Americans the keys to the Aaronic Priesthood.
Although the Jewish or Hebrew "race" has regarded itself as "special", or "chosen", their general outlook is one of high tolerance for other peoples (at least since the Pentateuch was written). Some people do consider conditions in modern day Israel to be an example of anti-Arab racism, but the point is open to debate, and even if agreed upon, the causes arguably lie outside Judaism itself and are more political than religious. A big thing for idiots like David Duke is mis-quoting a series of writings by Israeli writers like Israel Shahak and Ilan Pape (who are both Jewish) and American Norman Finkelstein (son of two Holocaust survivors) about fundamentalism in the IDF and how it has affected border dispute policies with the Palestinians (yes, there are religious kooks in almost every army) so to construe an insane image of Jews as blood-lusting savages. Political Zionism, as an obviously modern philosophy and being mainly a European one, is different from the entire Jewish religion, and so single-handledly tying Judaism to such a political trend is both inherently non-sensical, anti-intellectual, and blatantly racist.
Leviticus 19:33-34 : "When an alien lives with you in your land, do not mistreat him. The alien living with you must be treated as one of your native-born. Love him as yourself, for you were aliens in Egypt. I am the LORD your God."
However, there are a number of heaven-sanctioned genocides in the Old Testament.
Also, there is a long history of Jewish theological "scholarship" attempting to find the biblical roots of the various skin colors that make upon humankind. For example, some more superstitious Jews believe that black people descend from Noah's son Ham, that Middle Easterners come from Noah's son Shem, and that people indigenous to the Americas are descendants of Noah's son Yaphet. This view is not too mainstream among practicers of Judaism, but it does exist.
Hinduism has an inbred racist element in its caste system, which was originally created to segregate races, and now serves to create artificial divides between people of the same nationality. The caste system has caused untold suffering in India, dooming millions to misery simply because of the station of their birth. Thank the British East India Company for spreading it so you can enjoy that tea! Another time that race and Hinduism seem to intersect is in the idea of conversion. Many traditional Hindus feel that non-Indians should not be able to convert to Hinduism (and thus should not be able to marry their children); this can be seen as discrimination and racism. This is basically an extension of the caste system - because non-Hindus do not have a caste, marrying a non-Hindu would violate the traditional "you must marry someone of the same caste as you" rule.
While neopaganism tries very hard to be a vast fluffy-bunny, very open-ended "religion", the 800 pound gorilla in the room is the fact that many neo-Nazis and other racists use neopaganism, especially Germanic (Norse) and Celtic varieties as a religious cover for their horrible views.[note 3] While there is always a dispute between the racists and the hippies, the racist connotations are very difficult to shake, thanks in large part to the significant amounts of pagan symbolism (as well as knock-offs of the same) used asNazipropaganda. See also Lee Barnes and the Anglo-Saxon Foundation. Mainstream neopagans reject the racists.
Racism of course influences politics, sometimes racism is overt as with for example the Nazi movement, ApartheidSouth Africa and The South of the United States of America before about 1980. Other times racism is more subtle - for example, the American GOP will condemn extremely blatant racist criticism of Obama, but at the same time quietly uses race and "dog whistle" racist arguments to undermine Obama and limit his achievements. [13] Such barbed criticisms are often spread by chain emails among the elderly population, and/or originate from scaremongering GOP- or libertarian- affiliated websites but not the GOP hierarchy directly, thus giving potentially multiple layers of plausible deniability should it be raised with a GOP politician.
↑Depending on whether you accept these racist varieties of neopaganism as "genuine" neopaganism or follow non-racist neopagans in rejecting them as no more than convenient covers for racism, claiming that these racist varieties post a problem for ("real") neopaganism may or may not constitute an association fallacy. |
READ: Time and Disease by John Cali
Spirit often gives me spontaneous messages, even when I have not intended to channel. Typically those messages are very short, and usually only for my personal benefit, not for the public.
However, Spirit obviously did not intend this message, given me in the pre-dawn darkness of a cold Sunday morning, only for my personal benefit.
Here’s Spirit.
Spirit
Linear time does not exist in the nonphysical world of Spirit. Neither God nor the angels experience time.
Therefore, they see neither cause nor effect. There is no cause or effect. There is only experience.
Humans need the concept of linear time to navigate the physical world. But beyond that time has no reality.
So what humans perceive as cause and effect is simply a matter of focus — what they are focusing on is what they will experience. While cause and effect may appear real to human eyes, it is not. It is simply each human creating his or her experience by what they focus on.
As many, including us, have said, you get what you focus on, or think about, most of your waking hours.
So what does all this mean in the context of disease or illness?
Well, if there is no cause, no effect, then what is perceived as cause and what is perceived as effect are simply a matter of where you are focusing, and what you are choosing to experience.
If you have a disease, no matter how minor or major, you can heal yourself simply by removing your focus from the condition.
However, for that to be effective, you have to let go of the old notion of cause and effect. Your disease has no cause, except for the attention you’ve given it.
When you’ve removed your attention from it and placed your attention on health and wellness, the disease will vanish and you will experience health and wellness.
This does not have to take a long time, although it may. It can be instantaneous because, remember, in the world of Spirit, there is no time.
The disease you wish to be free from, and the health you wish to experience, both exist now, in this present moment. The present moment is the only “unit of time,” if you will, that matters. Everything that has ever existed or will ever exist, exists now.
So you can have either disease or health. Both are literally at your fingertips. Focus only on what you want. Think about only what you want. The choice is yours.
But the choice for health is much easier to make when you stay aligned with your higher selves, your spirit selves. Then you will make all your choices from the timeless perspective of Spirit.
*****************************
After I transcribed and read Spirit’s words, I realized the message could be controversial, with folks responding positively and negatively. And I realized there’s more to say on this topic than we’ve said here today. So I’d be very interested in your thoughts. Please comment below.
A freelance writer and publisher since 1986, John’s focus is spirituality and channelling. He communicates with a group of spirit guides, known simply as Spirit. In 1996 John started publishing a newsletter, now known as the John Cali’s Spirit Speaks Newsletter. In 2008 John was one of the six channels featured in the documentary film, Tuning In. He’s currently working on a book with his spirit guides, Real Answers to Life’s Pesky Questions: Conversations With Spirit, Book 1. In addition to his writing, John also does spiritual counseling. His mission in this work with Spirit is to help people live their lives with greater joy and abundance. John, originally from western New York State, now lives in a remote area of northwestern Wyoming, just outside Yellowstone National Park. Contact information: Website:http://www.greatwesternpublishing.org Email: john@greatwesternpublishing.org Twitter:http://twitter.com/johncali Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/johncali4
Inner peace is an issue people often discuss with us, usually because they’re wondering how they can find it in their lives. I realize it can be challenging to find and maintain inner peace in the midst of the increasingly dramatic and frequent changes in our world today. Read more…
Part of my mission in teaching Tantra is to clear up misconceptions about it. When I moved to Europe in 1999, having spent 26 years in India, I was amazed to find out that most people seemed to believe that Tantra was all about sex and promiscuity with a few feathers and some incense thrown in for good measure. The general public still carry such concepts, and some even think that Tantra is a code word for a massage with a ‘happy ending.’ I offer here a little reality check. Read on…
A freelance writer and publisher since 1986, John’s focus is spirituality and channelling. He communicates with a group of spirit guides, known simply as Spirit.
In 1996 John started publishing a newsletter, now known as the John Cali’s Spirit Speaks Newsletter. In 2008 John was one of the six channels featured in the documentary film, Tuning In. He’s currently working on a book with his spirit guides, Real Answers to Life’s Pesky Questions: Conversations With Spirit, Book 1.
In addition to his writing, John also does spiritual counseling. His mission in this work with Spirit is to help people live their lives with greater joy and abundance.
John, originally from western New York State, now lives in a remote area of northwestern Wyoming, just outside Yellowstone National Park.
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Shayne Traviss
Student of Life and Author of Your Vivid Life, An Invitation to Live a Radically Authentic Life (Watkins Publishing October 08 2019)
Sometime's growth involves digging up the dirt and planting anew...
After over 20 years of marketing, promoting and producing others I decided to open a new chapter in my life.
If you long to go higher, live a radically authentic life, 'all in', join me as I my life experiences, travels and inspirations for living Your Vivid Life.
About VividLife.me
Founded by Shayne Traviss in 2009 formerly VividLife.me was an online resource for personal growth through over 10,000 blogs, audio conversations and videos, from thought leaders, best-selling authors and wellness experts from around the globe. VividLife.me provided engaging conversations on consciousness and human potential with Arianna Huffington, Jane Fonda and Alanis Morrissette, wisdom packed blogs from spiritual Icons Iyanla Vanzant and Ram Dass, Green Tips from David Suzuki’s Queen of Green, Advice from Award Winning Parenting and Relationships Experts, Recipes from Vegetarian, Vegan, Raw Chef’s and more… and reached and inspired over 3 million people around the globe.
However sometime's growth involves digging up the dirt and planting anew...
And after over 20 years of marketing, promoting and producing others Shayne Traviss decided to open a new chapter in his life.
If you long to go higher, live a radically authentic life, 'all in', join him as he dives in deep sharing his life experiences, travels and inspirations for living a Your Vivid Life. |
Q:
Good geometry library in python?
I am looking for a good and well developed library for geometrical manipulations and evaluations in python, like:
evaluate the intersection between two lines in 2D and 3D (if present)
evaluate the point of intersection between a plane and a line, or the line of intersection between two planes
evaluate the minimum distance between a line and a point
find the orthonormal to a plane passing through a point
rotate, translate, mirror a set of points
find the dihedral angle defined by four points
I have a compendium book for all these operations, and I could implement it but unfortunately I have no time, so I would enjoy a library that does it. Most operations are useful for gaming purposes, so I am sure that some of these functionalities can be found in gaming libraries, but I would prefer not to include functionalities (such as graphics) I don't need.
Any suggestions ? Thanks
A:
Perhaps take a look at SymPy.
A:
Shapely is a nice python wrapper around the popular GEOS library.
A:
I found pyeuclid to be a great simple general purpose euclidean math package. Though the library may not contain exactly the problems that you mentioned, its infrastructure is good enough to make it easy to write these on your own.
|
Local 26’s strike at Twin River Casino last June. Photo by Steve Ahlquist.
Organizers and workers from Local 26 are picketing the Omni Providence hotel on Friday afternoon to call for fairer access to affordable health care for hotel workers.
Omni’s contract with the union expired at the end of this January, and the hotel has been in negotiations for a renewed deal since this May. Jonah Zinn, an organizer with Local 26, told RI Future, “Currently, our family plan, if you want to utilize it, including co-pays, deductibles, and premiums, our members have to pay over $5,000 a year. Even with decent wages and decent raises, our folks end up taking less money home, which ultimately means you’re having to make the choice paying for your bills or paying for health insurance.”
Zinn emphasized that hotel work can often be “traumatic,” resulting in chronic pain and other conditions. “Sometimes a lot of our members elected not to go get coverage because they were worried about the bill that might come.”
So far, Local 26 has not been able to make progress on the issue with the hotel. They’re hoping Friday’s picket will demonstrate that Omni workers will not be satisfied with incremental progress at the negotiating table.
Local 26 represents workers in hotels, TF Green airport, Twin River Casino, as well as workers administering school lunch. Last June, they held a six-minute strike at Twin River, calling for a reform of a $230 a week healthcare plan. That picket resulted in a fairer agreement between the casino and its staff, and hopes are high for the Omni to meet similar demands over a year later.
“Omni is a very large hotel company nationally,” Zinn said, “and we’re trying to make sure that, as well as these properties do, that the workers are able to share in a portion of that success.”
Among those planned to attend: Teamsters Local 251 and candidate for lieutenant governor Aaron Regunberg. Zinn urged that the union is looking for community support “from people who see this as a just fight.” The picket will begin at 4pm in front of the hotel on 1 West Exchange Street. |
Q:
how to change the slider thumb image?
I have to create my own customized slider. I am trying to change the thumb image,background of the slider and in the some test like slide to unlock.
I have tried like this but its not working
CGRect frame = CGRectMake(0.0, 219.0, 323.0, 20.0);
UISlider *myslider = [[UISlider alloc] initWithFrame:frame];
[myslider addTarget:self action:@selector(sliderAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];
[myslider setBackgroundColor:[UIColor clearColor]];
[myslider setThumbImage: [UIImage imageNamed:@"sliderThumb@2x.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
myslider.minimumValue = 0.0;
myslider.maximumValue = 50.0;
myslider.continuous = YES;
myslider.value = 15.0;
[self.view addSubview:myslider];
But in this the size of thumb pic is very big.How to reduce the thumb pic size....and how to give the slider background and text.Please help me out
A:
[[UISlider appearance] setThumbImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"ball.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[slider setMinimumTrackImage:[[UIImage imageNamed:@"volume_slider_oragne.png"] stretchableImageWithLeftCapWidth:0.3 topCapHeight:0.0] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[slider setMaximumTrackImage:[[UIImage imageNamed:@"volume_strap_gry.png"] stretchableImageWithLeftCapWidth:0.3 topCapHeight:0.0] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
A:
To set the background colour of the slider, I would presume that you can set the property backgroundColor to [UIColor colorWithPatternImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"slider background"]];
Also, images that have the appending ending of @2x, mean that they are twice the size of the standard copy. This is for retina displays only, you should not use it in a UIImage on a standard (legacy) device. Try setting the image name to @"sliderThumb.png" instead, as long as you have the legacy copy of the image.
A:
Just provide a different size of sliderThumb@2x.png and all we work itself out.
|
{
"title" : "Your Homepage Title",
"items" : [
{
"alt" : "Github",
"icon" : "fab fa-github",
"link" : "https://github.com/kutyla-philipp"
},
{
"alt" : "Twitter",
"icon" : "fab fa-twitter",
"link" : "https://twitter.com/Kukielka_"
},
{
"alt" : "Docker Hub",
"icon" : "fab fa-docker",
"link" : "https://hub.docker.com/u/kukielka/"
}
]
}
|
Q:
Ember.js passing parameters from views to controller functions
I have an Ember.js app as follows (borrowed from this article on andyMatthews.net):
View:
<script type="text/x-handlebars" >
{{view App.UserTextField}}
{{#each App.recentUsersArray.reverse tagName="ul"}}
<li>{{this}}</li>
{{/each}}
</script>
App:
App = Ember.Application.create();
App.UserTextField = Ember.TextField.extend({
insertNewline: function(){
var term = this.get('value');
App.recentUsersArray.pushObject(term);
}
});
App.recentUsersArray = Em.ArrayController.create({
content: ['noelle', 'evan', 'mason'],
reverse: function(){
return this.get('content').toArray().reverse();
}.property('content.@each').cacheable(),
});
But I'd like to pass a parameter to App.recentUsersArray.reverse from the view (for example, to set the number of reversed items to be returned). I run into a problem because while you can accept the parameter on the controller function, it doesn't seem like you can pass it from the view. I was imagining something like this if you wanted to pass the parameter 3 to the reverse function on the controller:
{{#each App.recentUsersArray.reverse(3) tagName="ul"}}
<li>{{this}}</li>
{{/each}}
but it throws an error (Uncaught Error: Parse error)...thoughts? The ultimate goal would be to create three <ul>'s, each with a different number of elements without creating a different function for each length (i.e., App.recentUsersArray.reverseThree(), App.recentUsersArray.reverseFive(), etc. ). I also don't want to make three different controllers, because each of the <ul>'s should be using the same data source, just sliced up differently.
A:
Yes, Ember can come across as an odd paradigm. Maybe try:
App.recentUsersArray = Em.ArrayController.create({
recentCount: 3
content: ['noelle', 'evan', 'mason'],
reverse: function(){
var max = this.get('recentCount');
return this.get('content').reverse().slice(0, max)
}.property('content.@each', 'recentCount').cacheable(),
});
//some event handler
App.recentUsersArray.set('recentCount', count)
I don't think toArray() is necessary, plus the docs say it does not guarantee the order of elements returned:
http://docs.emberjs.com/#doc=Ember.Enumerable&method=.toArray&src=false
|
Q:
Hide form after submit successful
Currently I have a contact form working, but I need to hide the form itself after it was send successful. I was thinking of hitting a javascript call when the 'succes' message is run, but I don't know how to do this.
How can I hide the form, but keep the succes message if it's completed?
Thanks in advance!
<?php
//response generation function
$response = "";
//function to generate response
function my_contact_form_generate_response($type, $message){
global $response;
if($type == "success") $response = "<div class='success'>{$message}</div>";
else $response = "<div class='error'>{$message}</div>";
}
//response messages
$not_human = "<div class='alert alert-danger'>Verificatie incorrect.</div>";
$missing_content = "<div class='alert alert-danger'>U heeft niet alle verplichte velden ingevuld</div>";
$email_invalid = "<div class='alert alert-danger'>Incorrect e-mail adres.</div>";
$message_unsent = "<div class='alert alert-danger'>Bericht niet verzonden. Probeer opnieuw.</div>";
$message_sent = "<div class='alert alert-success'>Bedankt, wij nemen binnenkort contact met u op</div>";
//user posted variables
$name = $_POST['message_name'];
$email = $_POST['message_email'];
$phone = $_POST['message_phone'];
$message = $_POST['message_text'];
$human = $_POST['message_human'];
$totalmessage = "
Naam: $name \n
Telefoonnummer: $phone \n
E-mail: $email \n
Bericht: $message \n ";
//php mailer variables
$to = "$curauth->user_email";
$subject = "Bel mij terug";
$headers = 'From: email@email.com' . "\r\n" .
'Reply-To: email@email.com' . "\r\n" .
'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion();
if(!$human == 0){
if($human != 2) my_contact_form_generate_response("error", $not_human); //not human!
else {
//validate email
if(!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL))
my_contact_form_generate_response("error", $email_invalid);
else //email is valid
{
//validate presence of name and message
if(empty($name)){
my_contact_form_generate_response("error", $missing_content);
}
else //ready to go!
{
$sent = wp_mail($to, $subject, $totalmessage, $headers);
if($sent) my_contact_form_generate_response("success", $message_sent); //message sent!
else my_contact_form_generate_response("error", $message_unsent); //message wasn't sent
}
}
}
}
else if ($_POST['submitted']) my_contact_form_generate_response("error", $missing_content);
?>
<div id="respond">
<?php echo $response; ?>
<form action="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" method="post">
<p><label for="name">Uw naam (verplicht) <span>*</span> <br><input type="text" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text" name="message_name" value="<?php echo esc_attr($_POST['message_name']); ?>"></label></p>
<p><label for="message_phone">Uw Telefoonnummer (verplicht) <span>*</span> <br><input type="text" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text" name="message_phone" value="<?php echo esc_attr($_POST['message_phone']); ?>"></label></p>
<p><label for="message_email">Uw e-mail adres: <span>*</span> <br><input type="text" name="message_email" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text" value="<?php echo esc_attr($_POST['message_email']); ?>"></label></p>
<p><label for="message_text">Uw vraag: <span></span> <br><textarea type="text" name="message_text" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-textarea"><?php echo esc_textarea($_POST['message_text']); ?></textarea></label></p>
<p><label for="message_human">Verificatie: <span>*</span> <br><input type="text" style="width: 60px;" name="message_human"> + 3 = 5</label></p>
<input type="hidden" name="submitted" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit" value="1">
<p><input type="submit"></p>
</form>
</div>
A:
Nee, ik bel je niet terug :-)
You can do this by not showing the form when your mail is sent.
Because you already show a message, this should be enough:
<?php
if (!isset($sent) || !$sent) {
?>
<form action="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" method="post">
<p><label for="name">Uw naam (verplicht) <span>*</span> <br><input type="text" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text" name="message_name" value="<?php echo esc_attr($_POST['message_name']); ?>"></label></p>
<p><label for="message_phone">Uw Telefoonnummer (verplicht) <span>*</span> <br><input type="text" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text" name="message_phone" value="<?php echo esc_attr($_POST['message_phone']); ?>"></label></p>
<p><label for="message_email">Uw e-mail adres: <span>*</span> <br><input type="text" name="message_email" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text" value="<?php echo esc_attr($_POST['message_email']); ?>"></label></p>
<p><label for="message_text">Uw vraag: <span></span> <br><textarea type="text" name="message_text" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-textarea"><?php echo esc_textarea($_POST['message_text']); ?></textarea></label></p>
<p><label for="message_human">Verificatie: <span>*</span> <br><input type="text" style="width: 60px;" name="message_human"> + 3 = 5</label></p>
<input type="hidden" name="submitted" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit" value="1">
<p><input type="submit"></p>
</form>
<?php
}
?>
So putting the form inside an if statement.
|
(Columbus)- Officials at the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction
(DRC) have confirmed that inmate Lawrence Reynolds, Jr., #296-121, is scheduled
for execution on Thursday, October 8, 2009, at 10:00 a.m. The execution will
take place at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility located in Lucasville, Ohio.
The Ohio Revised Code mandates lethal injection as the manner of execution.
Inmate
Reynolds was sentenced to death out of Summit County for the January 1994 murder
of Loretta Foster. His execution date is scheduled for October 8, 2009. |
Moonville
Moonville may refer to:
Moonville, Indiana
Moonville, Ohio
See also
Moenville, South Dakota
Monoville, California |
"A PISTOL SHOT" "Hey, sled, sled!" "Get busy!" "Gerardo, you're too fast, I'm tired." " Would you like a sip?" "No, it burns too." " It can't hurt you." "Drink." " Just a sip, thanks." "Gerardo, look!" "There!" "There's a man on the ice!" "He didn't see the sign." "The ice is thin, it'll break!" "No, Gerardo, don't go!" "I don't want!" "The ice won't hold you both!" "Let go of me!" " Ouch!" " Sir!" "Come here, come here!" "Hey, Sir!" "It's dangerous." "Stop!" "Here the ice may break at any moment!" "Let's go back, it's dangerous." "Did't you read the sign?" "No." "But the ice won't hold, here!" "It'll break!" "Look!" "Wait!" "Wait for me too!" "Monsieur de Valmont, come along." "Monsieur de Valmont..." "Monsieur de Valmont, this morning you ran a great risk to warn me,.." "and I have not even thanked you." " Anyone would have done the same." "But let me express my gratitude and to introduce myself." "Andrea Anickoff." "Gerardo de Valmont." "Oh, I know very well your name, and your books as well." "I've read your latest novel, 'Faustino', and was impressed." "A fantasy, pure fantasy." "Sometimes reality exceeds fantasy." "Monsieur de Valmont, I renew once again my gratitude and my apologies." "It's odd, sir,.." "but between us 2, it's me who feels the need to apologize for this morning,.." "for my intervention, which seemed to me, maybe,.." "unwanted." " Maybe." "However, if I can be useful, I will always be at your service." "Count Anickoff, I too knew your name." "I know you as one of the Czar's most brilliant officers." "You were mentioned in Paris, among friends, by Prince Drutzky." "You know Drutzky?" " A casual aquaintance, at the club." "He spoke of you as a formidable shooter." "Count Anickoff, you just offered to return the favour..." "I'd be happy to keep my word." "Then, just answer a question of mine." "It is curiosity of a writer." "Your act this morning, has any relation with Drutzky?" "Excuse me, I was indiscreet." "I withdraw my question." " No." "I promised, and it's right." "Sit down, please." " I wouldn't want..." " Sit down." "So you met Sergio, I mean Drutzky, in Paris." "When?" "Last year, he was on mission." "Sure one can't imagine two more different friends." "Since two years, we are no longer friends." "Before, yes." "In the regiment we were inseparable, although I was nearly six years older." "We were garrisoned in the town of Borisov, in southern Russia." "Excuse me,this story brings within the explanation..." "Do not interrupt me, pray you." "It was in 1832." "Andrea!" "Andrea, allow me to introduce you to Lt. Sergio Drutzky." "He's arrived today to our regiment." "Maj. Anickoff." " Pleased." " Good evening." "So, my task is finished." "You've met all officers of the regiment." "Good evening." " Good evening." "How is this garrison, Major?" "An ancient provincial town, small." "You've seen it, no?" "You allow?" "Oh!" "Sorry." "Extraordinary shot!" "Why, a man like you, in this provincial hole?" "You find my ability at play wasted here?" "You jest!" "You're known also outside of Borisov!" "I am here to study a new system of fortifications..." "Instead, I'm here,.." "imagine, my mother wanted me away from the temptations of St. Petersburg!" "You allow me?" " Oh, please." " Gentlemen, good evening." "Have you seen how the Major plays?" " He has a really unerring eye!" "You know that he won't miss a gunshot even at 100 steps?" " Really?" "Bravo Sergio!" "A shot thrown so, by hand!" "And you spoke of the Major!" "You have an amazing ability!" "Luck, sheer luck." "Such a luck, that at times I'm ashamed of myself." "It's the third time already that you sit on the table where I'm playing." "What would be, this?" "A duel?" " It would be..." "Drutzky!" "You have yet to find accommodation!" "It's already 10:00 p.m.!" "10:00 p.m.?" "10:00 p.m., you said?" "Excuse me, gentlemen." "Going away, Andrea?" " Yes" " What's up?" "With whom did you quarrel?" "Nothing." "That lieutenant that you introduced me, Drutzky." "A silly, a fatuous..." "very unpleasant." "Yes, I understand." "Taciturn, strong-willed, tenacious." "To me, however, he seemed a cold man, selfish and petty." "Very unpleasant!" "Instead, from that day we became inseparable friends." "The very diversity of our characters united us." "He had no secrets from me, I had none for him." "That is, I had a secret for him,.." "but something that I kept secret almost to myself." "Andrea!" "Oh, here he is!" "We were all waiting downstairs." "Come, there's Alessio too." "You've been of service today?" "Yes, in the barracks." " Come meet some girls." "Fanny, Barbara, come, I introduce to you the Major." "Here, Barbara and Fanny!" " How many chevrons!" "Are you a Major?" "Yes, Major Andrea Anickoff." "Alessio, give me your arm." "Major, come?" "No, sorry, I will gladly give in our accommodation." "Here's the key,.." "but I can't." " You're going?" " Goodbye." " You don't come?" "No." "Pardon me, but.." "I can not." "Goodbye." " Goodbye." "Goodbye Andrea." " Major!" " Where does he go, away like that?" "I forgot, it's 10:00 p.m. What does that mean?" "He's very busy studying a new system of fortifications." "What fortifications?" "No one knows exactly what it is." "Fact is, at 10 pm he disappears, and spends his nights in studying." "Bravo!" "In these 3 months you've made extraordinary progress!" "I practiced a few times at the club." "The ladies there." "A bother, right?" "It took just the billiards to bring you back among us!" "I said it today to my wife and to my niece,.." ""That devil of Andrea, was at our house many times as a boy,.." "and then, was it not the passion for billiards, we'd see him no more."" "Oh, yes, of course, the ... billiards." "But how could you miss a shot so easy?" "Maybe today I rode too long, and my hand trembles a bit." "Well, we must go and greet the ladies,.." "or they'll think I just came for my passion for billiards." "Poor Andrea!" "With what face you say so!" "But tomorrow, you'll see what a game!" "Beware!" "Be composed, and with melancholy gaze!" "There is my niece who is singing." "Good evening Masha." "Did you enjoy, Aunt?" " How well you sang!" " Very good!" "What a beautiful voice!" "Very good!" " Very good, indeed!" "Andrea?" "Good evening, Andrea." "I hadn't seen you." " Good evening Masha." "Oh, but what are you doing?" "You are messing the score!" " Sorry, pardon me." "Since when you're so corteous with this brat?" "You were always intimate with her!" "Yes, then!" "But now, after we've met again..." "I'm a young lady now!" " Down with airs, chatterbox!" "When you were this tall, Andrea carried you piggyback out to the garden." "And he was a strapping young man of twenty, with the rank of aspirant." "Yes, but now he's Major." "And I too have made a career." "And I am very offended and I go to the balcony." "Andrea, the moment is propitious, if you want to slip away." "See you tomorrow evening for the usual game!" "Masha, I have come to greet you." " Are you going already?" "Yes, and I wanted to..." " See you tomorrow then." "You can't miss." "You've such a passion for the billiard!" "No, maybe I'm leaving, tomorrow." "I'm going for maneuvers near Kiev, and I'll be away a month." "But I hope to see you again." "Will you still be guest of your uncle until my return?" "Oh, Andrea, one month!" "You'll be away a whole month!" "But then, you are sorry that I leave!" "Listen, Masha..." "Of course I'm sorry!" "For my uncle!" "He was so accustomed to his games." "But Andrea, have I interrupted you?" "You wanted to tell me something?" "I ?" "Yes." "You said "Listen, Masha..."" "I wanted to tell you..." "that you sang very well." "Good evening, Masha." "So I spent the evenings." "This is what I kept secret to Sergio." "But Masha's character, to have known her as a little girl,.." "hindered me from declaring my feelings." "So I left for the maneuvers, determined to forget about it." "I had an important assignment, the Army Staff adopted my defense system, but.." "all this, meant nothing to me." "So, three weeks went by, until..." "It had been a tiring day." "The units returned to the housings,.." "while the sentinels on the hills played the "cease-fire" signal." "Here." "Major, the 2nd battalion already left the position." " Good." "Major, from the general." " Take care of it, Tukev." "An officer at this intersection, to lead the green units on Kormanecky." "What is it?" " It's a pass, for some ladies." "Ladies?" "But this is no place for ladies." "Antonietta, come here, run!" "There are horses!" "Dad, it's true that we'll meet Major Anickoff?" "Yes dear, and many other brave officers." "Maria!" "Maria!" "Have you seen Maria?" " No, dear." "Where will she be, with all this confusion?" "Come, come, come up, you have to climb!" "Maria you come, too, the observatory is up there!" "Major, here are the ladies." "Thank you, General!" "With these cannon shots, I'm so afraid!" "Come on!" "Come, quickly!" "What a beautiful day!" "After this climb, here we are at last!" " General..." "Ladies, let me introduce you Major Anickoff,.." "and these valiant officers who will host us." "What a nice view!" " My wife, Princess Caroline, and her daughter Marina." "The Baroness von Lembe, Lady Nusoff, and my niece." "Oh, sorry dear!" "I too want to be introduced!" "My pleasure!" "Major, will you show us the great maneuvers?" "And what you wear there, is the Order of St. George?" " Yes, miss." "May I look with your telescope?" " Please." " Is this it?" "But I can't see anything!" " Give me, dear." "Surely, it doesn't work." " You see...so many things!" "Want to watch too, Marina?" "I'd rather watch so, it's all so beautiful up here." "But I see everything small." "How come?" " May I, madam?" "Here, look, so." " Thank you." "Now I understand how it must be easy vanquishing the enemy!" " Really?" "And me?" "Won't you let me watch too, with the telescope?" " Yes, of course!" "Masha !" "So, these maneuvers are over, we arrived late." " Masha!" "Masha!" " Oh, excuse me." "Oh, the things you can see!" "What can you see?" " I see...a young man." "Yes, an officer, an aspirant,.." "carrying piggyback a little girl." " Where?" "There, on the lawn!" "And then farther on, another officer, who plays." "At billiard." "I get it." "You're saying nonsense to be charming with him." "Lieutenant!" "But the officer is distracted, because... on the lawn,.." "in front of him,.." "there is a peasant girl,.." "who sings..." "at the piano." "But, even the girl is distracted, and errs her song, because of the officer,.." "but he doesn't notice." "Indeed he tells her:" ""You sang very well."" "And then,...you see..." "You don't see anything else." "But, isn't it late, Aunt?" " Sorry?" " Isn't it time to go?" "It's late, Porfirio?" " Yes dear." " Then we can only thank the Major." "You're welcome." " And these brave officers." "Come, dear." "It was a great day." "Oh, thank you, Andrea." "This telescope, I'd say that it's almost miraculous." "I would like to look through it myself, to see, to know..." " To know!" "?" "To know why the girl who was singing on the lawn, at the piano,.." "came here." "But the reason is the simplest of all." "Because I have an aunt also in Kiev, and now I'm her guest in Kiev." "Maman gave me permission." "And there isn't another reason?" "Oh, you think?" "Well, maybe there is." "I love the countryside!" "Masha, when will you speak seriously?" "But I'm serious!" "I love the countryside, and I think you should like it too." "If is your order, I'll say: "I like it"." " Oh, how could I give you orders?" "For you I have all the respect that my uncle demands." "My other uncle." "But I find you much changed, Andrea." "In town you had the garrison, officers, parades..." "You awed me so much, in town!" "Here, if you hadn't that so important uniform,.." "well, I'd go for walks with you, on horseback, in the fields..." "Masha, let's go!" " Masha !" "Masha!" " What are you doing up there?" "Yes, I think if I had to live with you,.." "I would always live in the countryside, in a beautiful castle." "Major, if you insist, I'll forward your letter of resignation to the ministry." "Why, you know that you were recently proposed for advancement to colonel." "Yes, I know." "I admit I regret losing you as officer." "Come fore, don't let me shout!" "You could at least wait our return to St. Petersburg to ask, not this shack." "I don't get it." "Hundreds of officers got married." "That's your case, right?" "Without thereby ending their career." " General..." "Well, well, I hope that what you do is for your happiness." "Sign." "General, a request." "So far no one knows my decision, not even the person concerned, and..." "Yes, I understand it all, you reserve a surprise." "As to say, a wedding gift." "Sure it's a nice proof, to cut one's career..." "Don't worry, I won't tell anyone." "Sign!" "Go ahead, sign!" "You asked for it." "Sign." "Is Major Anickoff here?" " What you said, excellency?" " Where's the Major?" " What?" "Pietro, where's your master?" " Went out!" " Out?" " But is back, excellency." "Well, where is he now?" " Upstairs, excellency, upstairs." "On that terrace." "Hey, you do!" "?" " Sergio!" "Well, what's going on?" "I practice target." " And doesn't miss a shot!" "As you see, I practice quite well, right?" "I put it on the plate?" " Do as you wish." "Donato, bring the gun to Pietro and tell him to clean it." " Yes." "So then!" " Well, what happened?" "You made me rush for 15 miles!" "And I'm very happy to see you again." " Me too." "I see you don't lack appetite!" "I thought you were in Petersburg." "Aren't the maneuvers finished?" " Yes, from a week." "At last, can I know what happened?" "It happened that..." "Don't say it!" "At your orders, Colonel!" "They made you Colonel!" "They all said you had been promoted!" " No, sit, sit down." "Listen, Sergio,.." "what would you say if, suddenly, you felt free to do what you like?" "To organize walks, to have a nice house...rather, a nice castle." "Hunting, a pond for fishing, a nice stable, a nice library ..." "Living, in short, in the countryside,.." "and have no other concern but to feel happy." "Why, now, these are your worries?" "And the career, the army?" "I decided to resign." "Resign from what?" " From the army!" "I resigned." "No!" " Yes!" "To raise chickens in the countryside?" "Chickens!" "Here's something I had not yet thought of." ""Chickens"..." "By the way, Sergio, you're invited for a walk in the countryside next Sunday." "But you say!" "You really are amazing!" "To have such a career, and to end it so, to do outings and go fishing in a pond!" "Well then, I tell you one thing:" "basically, I'm glad." "Despite your bad temper, I love you." "Sure, you're right!" "You lead an absurd life: career, studies, fortifications!" "That's my opinion." "And you know what you're still missing?" "A woman!" "Oh, yeah!" "You never knew anything about these things." " Yeah." "So, you're staying until the outing?" " There will be beautiful ladies?" "I think so, there should be." "Although, I never knew anything about such things." "Sunday morning was one of those mornings.." "all the more beautiful the more rare in our country." "I was anxious to know Sergio's opinion on Masha." "But, wanting a dispassionate opinion, I refrained previously to talk of her." "Merrily we rode towards the ladies.." "who were coming on open carriages, bringing the baskets for a snack." "Mom, look up there, Andrea!" "Andrea!" " Good morning, ladies." "My dear Anickoff!" "We feared you wouldn't join us." "I too feared you wouldn't come!" "We made a long detour to show to my friend the surroundings, so we belated." "Prince Drutzky." "We heard so much of you that we already know you." "Right Sofia?" "Princess Gourville and her daughter Marina." " My pleasure." "Come Sergio, come here!" "I want you to meet a person." "Here is my friend, Masha." "Yes, I've seen him already." "Good, Galupka." " Doesn't he match the description I made you?" "Andrea!" "I imagined him much taller." "How can you judge the height, on horseback?" "Be quiet, when a lady speaks!" "I meant, more slender." "You described him as so handsome, that I thought he'd resemble you a bit." "I regret not satisfying you, miss, but who knows, I still have hope to grow up." "Sergio, let's take the shortcut, so we'll do sooner." "Where, here on the left?" " Yes, we'll find the other carriages." "Masha, I hope that, at least you, have some liking for my friend." "Certainly!" "But I don't think your friend needs your recommendations." "Why?" " I thought he was so sure of himself." "Alas!" "Before, your cousin said that I'm too short, now I'm too sure of myself." "May be!" "Yet, I'd say that in some cases, boldness doesn't fail you." "I think I understand, but please don't mistake plain naivety with boldness." "Sorry to interrupt you, but may I know what is this mysterious dialogue?" "Ask a certain gentleman,.." "who around 18:00 says he loves the solitude of the countryside." "Or a girl who around 18:00 is poetically reading on the parapet of a bridge." "Well, may I know what's this all about?" "Sorry to deprive you of the fun to tease me, but now the game is unsustainable." "Yesterday we met, me and her." " We met..." "You, have met me!" "Let me continue, please." "In rather odd circumstances." "Odd, you say?" "Imagine, Andrea, a girl, sitting on a low wall ..." "Low wall?" "It was a bridge's parapet." "It's the same." "I sat there, and..." " Reading!" " Okay, reading!" "And an individual whom I never saw or met, stops before me, and says:" ""Young lady, do you believe in love?"" "What do you think, Andrea?" " Oh, yes, yes..." "In your haste, you forget too many things." "To begin with, a stream flowed under the bridge with a enchanting murmur." "Then it was sunset, the poplars trembled with thousands leaflets..." "But, dear Sergio, you're revealing unsuspected poetic qualities." "Are you sure you did not read this somewhere?" "Actually it's something I learned in college as a boy." "But let me continue." "You held the book and watched the water run." "Yes, I had dropped the bookmark." "Rather it seemed a very poetic attitude." "Wouldn't you agree?" " Yes, sure..." "So I felt transported, and with great innocence, I asked her:" ""Young lady, do you believe in love?"." "But without any intention, I assure you." "What do you mean, "I assure you"?" "I might even be offended." "But the lady did not interpret it with the same innocence." "Annoyed, she gave me a look of hatred." "Hatred!" "You didn't deserve as much!" "A look of surprise, boredom, if you want." "Hatred!" "She sprang to her horse, spurred and disappeared." "Thus ended our meeting." "Strange meeting, isn't it, Andrea?" "Yes, strange indeed, but... but maybe, who knows, the best suited to your strange characters." "Andrea please, come here next to me." "I wanted to tell you something." "Can't remember..." "Oh, yes!" "You ever had.." "the feeling to have already been in a certain situation or place?" "Yes, maybe." "So, I heard the noise of the carriage, the bells." "Masha and your friend laughing behind..." "For a moment I felt sad,.." "as if this had already happened to me in another life, or,.." "as if this were to happen inexorably." "Isn't it true, Andrea?" " Yes, everything has to happen." "You seem distracted, Andrea." "He's nice, that friend of yours." "I must have met his mother." "But hear how he laughs, must be merry!" "His mother, was not a Dubrovsky from Orel?" "In Orel, I had some relatives." "It's two years I don't see them." "Also..." "Sergio!" "# Ring, ring, ring-around-the-rosey #" "# Ring, ring, ring-around-the-rosey Do not look beneath the blindfold!" "#" "Masha!" "You're Masha!" " Not fair!" "He could see!" "Not true, it's not true!" "I couldn't see!" " It is not fair!" "I know he could see, but I'll blindfold anyway, to show that I'm good natured." "Ouch, you're hurting me!" " It's not my fault." " What do you mean?" "If I were good at madrigals, I'd say.." "that I confuse the blindfold silk with the silk of your hair." "It's not fair!" "They had it arranged, Masha and Sergio." "Shall we make an arrangement too?" "# Ring, ring, ring-around-the-rosey #" "# Ring, ring, ring-around-the-rosey Do not look beneath the blindfold!" "#" "Why don't you sing?" "Don't you know the chorus?" "I'm afraid of being caught, Mascia knows my voice." "Change voice, singing falsetto." "Yeah, if then it remains forever, how do I give orders to the soldiers?" "Does not recognize him!" " She does, by the Order of St. George!" "Sergio, you are..." "Tea is served!" "Andrea !" "Andrea !" "Come here." "Andrea, where were you?" "I have sought you so much!" "Sit here, on my right." "You are looking for Masha for a cup of tea, right?" "I'll call her now." "Masha!" "I cannot come, I am serving tea to Sofia." "Sergio, where are you?" " I'm here, behind you." "Some tea?" " No, canapés, thanks." " Sergio, canapés." "No, you're always wrong!" "Not sweets, canapes!" "Now I'm coming to you!" "Anickoff, how old is your friend?" " Who, Sergio?" "Yes, of course." "But, kids!" " 25, 26, I think." "What a perfect day, don't you think?" "What a lovely couple they do, right?" " Sonia, Andrea,.." "a cup of tea?" " Thanks, Marina." "We expect Masha to bring it." "Marina!" " Here I am, I'm coming." "Before, you thought to have already been in a place." "Did you ever think instead, that life is meaningless?" "But life is meaningless!" "That's the beauty." "And you never thought that the only thing that fills life is hatred?" "But, Andrea!" " Forgive me." "You wanted a cup of tea?" "I'm going to take it from Masha." "Here's tea!" "Whose cup is that?" " Your aunt just wanted a cup of tea." "Here is tea." "I became very skillful." "You don't want some tea?" " No, thanks." " No?" "Take at least a canape." " I can't, my hands are busy." "Then leave everything and come help me in Sergio's place." "We must cut the cake into equal parts, and Sergio said you got an unerring eye." "Unerring!" "Strikes any target at more than 100 paces." "But what do I do?" "I'm dismissed so?" "You will keep company to my aunt, you've been with me too long." "Come, Andrea." "But sit down, Sergio." " Thanks." "Where are they going Masha and Andrea?" " Be good, dear." "The sun is going, I wouldn't want it to be a storm." " I hope not." "Do we go?" "Masha, who taught you, so young, so many coquetries?" "What did you say?" "It's hot, is it not?" "Look how the sky has overcast." "Lay the tray there, and now come here." "Show your skills at least on this cake." "So, you think that I'm a flirt?" "That I'm a flirt, me?" "Up to desperation." "Andrea!" "Why Masha laughs so much?" " Don't know." "Maybe I said something that's had the luck to make her laugh." " What?" "Here dear, that's the cake." "Share it among you children, and do not quarrel." "Sorry, I didn't do it on purpose." "It weighed too much for us kids!" "You hurt her, you've been cruel." "Even cruel!" "Before, a flirt, and then cruel." "But explain yourself, at least!" "A flirt with you, or with Sergio?" "With Sergio!" "I don't see why you would need to do it with me." " You don't see?" "That man you are!" "But why do you say so?" "Listen Masha..." "If between you and Sergio.." "something were to happen,.." "for the love I have for you since as a child, I'd be very happy." "Sergio?" "I had not even thought of!" "But I'm grateful for giving me the idea." "After all, even his appearance yesterday at the brook..." "Are the servings good this way?" "I don't see your unerring eye." "This is really too small." "Well, we'll give it to that boring Baroness." "Let's go get the plates, but with the cake, of course." "You coming?" "Why did you hand in your resignation?" "What resignation?" "But yes, Sergio..." "Oh, how nice, the sun is back!" "Sergio said that you resigned from the army." "Sergio is a fool and a rude, I'd never expect this from him." "Poor Sergio, yet he esteems you so much!" "He told me of a beautiful castle, a charming country life..." "But I'm less naive than him and I wonder why, or for whom, all this?" "Look, Masha..." " Who will you bring in there, Marina?" " Well, enough!" "A man cannot put up with this by a little girl!" "Don't you understand that for me you're a little girl, that you always were?" "A little girl like Antonietta, no more..." "I'm your friend, but I can't allow you to use me to make Sergio jealous!" "And if your flirtations are for me, they're wasted, like Antonietta's ones!" "You did well to tell me this." "You're right, I am a silly little girl." "Sorry Masha, I didn't want..." " You don't have to apologize." "Masha, come and help, is about to blow up a storm!" "It is I who must apologize to you." "Take cover if you don't want to get wet!" "Major, take cover." "I'm going to look for your horse, that was frightened." "Andrea, you're still here!" "Shelter me with your cloak!" "No, keep it, so I am small and I don't take much room." "Shall we go under the tree?" "How it rains!" "You were right, earlier." "Do you mind if you stay close to you?" "Look at Sergio, how funny!" "He's cute, though." "With that sheet on the head, looks like a ghost!" "Masha!" "Masha, Andrea, come, it doesn't rain here!" "Want to go to him?" "You won't tell anyone?" "No, indeed, I'll tell your aunt that I left you safe in the carpenters cabin." "How good of you to protect young people!" "Gentlemen, good evening!" " 'Evening." "Andrea, where you been?" "The ladies were worried about you." "I was by them to dry myself." "It was a real squall." "Masha was afraid." " Sorry." " At each thunder she plugged her ears." "And Antonietta!" "What a girl!" "During the storm she wanted to go look for you." "Wrong shot!" "What's wrong, you're in a bad mood?" "What was I saying?" "Oh, yes." "You know that Masha is a delightful creature?" "Don't laugh, but if I said that I start imagining pictures of family life,.." "with Masha of course, would you believe me?" "I really don't know if I love her, but my mother would be so glad!" " Excuse me." "I know that you were very indiscreet on a confidence that I wrongly did to you." "Indiscreet?" "Oh, you mean, your resignation?" "Come on, Andrea!" "You should have said that it was a secret even to Masha." "Oh God!" " Gentlemen!" " What happens?" " What was that?" "This is the third time you sit on the table where I'm playing." "You are a boor!" "And if you're not a coward as well,.." "I'll wait tomorrow at 6:00 at the cherry trees grove along the river!" "I pray you, gentlemen, to act as my witnesses!" "It is 6:00." "Andrea!" "Captain Ivanov, Captain Bolkov." "Gentlemen, I suppose we all agree on the conditions of the encounter" "Will you write down your principals' names?" "The usual conditions?" " For the choice of the guns?" " And the distance?" "The usual conditions." "12 steps away, one shot each." "Have you written the names for the choice of the guns?" " Here's my card." "Here's the card of my principal." "For the duel are chosen the guns of Prince Drutzky." "The first shot is given to Prince Drutzky." "So, the first shot is for me?" "Always too lucky!" "Would you please choose the gun, Count Anickoff?" "Andrea, it's not my fault." "I wished you'd shoot first." "Maybe it's better so." "You're so skillful you wouldn't let me the fun of firing." "Just to form." "Now that guns are ready and is about to order fire,.." "I ask if you want to reconcile." "I fulfill my duty." "For me, I agree." " Don't waste time, please." "Then go on, gentlemen." "Andrea..." "Are you very angry, Andrea?" "I see from here the wrinkle on the forehead." "If you must kill me, at least don't do it with so much hate." "Are you afraid?" "What are you doing, Drutzky?" "Is it loaded well?" "It'd be a shame if it were discharged." "Should I wait until you've finished eating?" "Shoot as well." "Cherry more, cherry less..." "Oh, I'd regret not to eat this one!" "It seems to me that you're not set to die, at this time." "My shot would deprive you of life,.." "and you don't care, I see!" "Nicola Bolkov!" "Don't want to shoot anymore?" "Take it!" "I don't want to shoot." "For now." "Basically you don't love anybody, nothing binds you to life." "What good would I have killing you now, if you don't care about dying?" "Whatever!" "Then your shot is reserved for the moment that you prefer." "For when you'll be happy!" "For the moment when you'll regret to die!" "For the moment when I'll regret to die." "Your choice." "You'll just have to show up and call:" ""Sergio"." "We'll count 12 steps, I'll place myself this way before you,.." "and you shoot." "Is allowed in the rules?" " Rules or not, I agree." "And that's all." "Bravo, Andrea!" "You cannot accept!" " But I accept." "Odd thing, such a duel was never seen." "Will all talk about it, in Petersburg." "I'll come and get my shot someday." "The day when you're really attached to life!" "And that day you'll beg me to spare you!" "And I'll wait for you!" "Here, I have kept this bullet." "While my hatred had wanted to delay, for more cruelty, the shot that I was due,.." "Sergio had spared my life." "Then, when you met again Sergio..." "I never met him again." "In fact, I felt for him an even greater hate." "His generous act prevented me any vengeance." "Like a madman, I left Russia and never saw Masha." "For two years I ran desperately through Europe to find relief to my anxiety." "Then,.." "little by little, made its way into my soul the futility of my hatred,.." "the futility of my empty and tormented life." "Monsieur de Valmont, thank you for what you have prevented this morning." "When we choose a destiny, we must have the courage to live it up all the way." "And this, is the story that you wanted to know." "But why do you live always so aloof?" "If you you tried, sorry, to cultivate less your sadness,.." "relationships with people may distract you,.." "and you may regain the sympathy of a friend." "I thank you." "The moon has arisen!" "Look how it shines, the top of the mountain!" "Will you come with me tomorrow?" "The climb is not difficult, we'll be back before nightfall." "Do you accept?" "You will soon get bored with a partner so unsociable like me." "I will give orders to wake us up at six." "Count, in the hall two ladies wish to see you." "Who, me?" "Actually, they asked for Major Anickoff." "Major Anickoff?" "I do not understand." "You must excuse me, but..." " So, see you tomorrow, agreed?" " See you tomorrow." "I wish to be woken up at 6:30 in the morning, me and Count Anickoff." "The Count as well?" " Yes." "We go for a hike." "Do tell Hans, the guide." "We will leave at 7:00." " Okay, at 7:00." "Anickoff!" "Oh, Anickoff!" "Do you recognize me?" "Really?" "Have I changed much?" "Hello, Hans." " Good morning, sir." "My partner will be here soon." "How's the morning for the outing?" "Not very good, at dawn the summit was covered in fog." "Count Anickoff came down?" " The Count has left last night." "How, he left!" "Did he let anything said?" "He left the baggage to be sent." "He left?" "Last night?" "And to where?" ""Send to Count Andrea Anickoff." "Post Hotel." "Kiev, Russia."" "One year later, in the Roman countryside..." "Monsieur de Valmont!" "This way!" "This way!" "By there, by there!" "The boar ran off that way!" "There is Diana there!" "It's nothing, we'll carry her to the nearby farmhouse." "Let's go." "Hey, are they here those with the Prince of Rignano?" " No one here yet, sir." "Bring some water." "Well, what do you think of our hunts, Monsieur de Valmont?" "Very interesting." "These places are full of charm." "Pour, boy." " The boar, however, escaped you." " Escaped?" "No!" "It surely stumbled into the group that was on stand on the other side." "Here they are!" "What did I tell you?" "Oh, nice shot!" " Not mine." "I shot once but I missed it." "It was below." "It was him who hit him." " Who?" "Anickoff?" "Don't know how he did, he shot from his horse." "A true masterstroke." "A shot of Anickoff can only be a masterstroke." "De Valmont, you here!" "It's a great pleasure to see you again." "But, you know each other?" " We met a year ago, I think." "Isn't it?" " Indeed." "Anickoff!" "De Valmont,.." "Rignano!" "On horseback, gentlemen, if we want to be in Rome on time!" "On horseback!" "On horseback, come on!" "Monsieur de Valmont!" "Dear de Valmont, I am really happy to have met you." "That time I disappeared so suddenly!" "You live in Rome now?" " Yes, from about six months." "A villa out of San Sebastiano gate." "Monsieur de Valmont,.." "I held you back to tell you that I will never know peace.." "until you tell me that you excuse me for my sudden,.." "indeed, I should say rude, departure." "You are already excused." "An event occurred that night, when we parted." "Remember?" "You were going up the stairs,.." "I instead walked to the lobby where, waiting for me, there were two ladies." "I recognized them immediately." "They were Antonietta and her mother." "Anickoff!" "Oh, Anickoff!" "Oh, how happy I am!" "Do you recognize me?" " Sure." " Really?" "Much time has passed!" "You find me much changed?" " Not at all, indeed!" "Good evening, Antonietta." " But, Antonietta!" "You wanted so much to come and you don't say anything now?" "She, yes, has changed a lot." "Remember how lively she was?" "Yes, a very lively little girl." " Yeah." "But now she's set to become a young lady." " But how beautiful here!" "Much nicer than our hotel!" "How beautiful!" " Won't you sit down?" "Excuse me, but I don't know if I may still call you Antonietta." "I came to talk to you." " Anickoff, Antonietta, what are you whispering?" "This girl has become strange!" "She was on holiday in Porterhaus." "The air is so good!" "We found out by chance that you're here, and she wanted to come and see you." "At this hour, said I?" "Antonietta always had a soft spot for you." "Oh, tea in a samovar!" "But what a surprise!" "What a nice surprise!" "And besides, so far from our Russia!" "We are just leaves whipped by the wind, isn't it true, Anickoff?" "You have traveled a lot, right?" " Yes, a lot." "Too much." "Antonietta is so ill." " Give me." "I'll serve the tea." "But of course, yes, dear, thank you!" "So you make yourself useful for something." "Oh, but how good you are!" "You were quite right, Anickoff,.." "she's grown up now, almost a young lady." "Oh God!" "You've spilled the tea on me!" " Sorry, I didn't do it on purpose." "How was reduced the new dress!" "If Aunt Anastasia knew it!" "Mom, the maid can remove the stains." "Right, Anickoff?" "But yes, certainly." "Come, ma'am, please." "You say that it can be cleaned?" " Certainly, certainly." "Here, madam." " A small tragedy happened to me!" "What does all this mean?" "You wanted us to remain alone, and it seems you succeeded." "You have to talk to me?" "Come on, then, what is this big secret?" "Antoinetta, what happens to you?" "It's useless, you will never forgive me." "You must have been so unhappy, in these two years!" "I don't understand." "I'm so ashamed." "I don't know how to begin!" "If you knew..." "Masha..." "Perhaps your mother needs you." "And it's better that I go with you." " Oh, Anickoff!" "I was such a child then!" "And you treated me with such indifference!" "But later..." "later I felt so bad!" "Mom thought I was sick, and instead, only I knew what I had." "It was this... that I had destroyed your happiness." "In short, what are you talking about?" "And if you want to talk, do it." "Your mother can arrive at any moment." "Masha had charged me to deliver it to you,.." "the night of the outing, two years ago." "Masha loved you, and I..." "I think I too was a little bit in love with you." "I was so jealous of Masha!" "I don't care about Sergio, I assure you." "I just tried to make you jealous." "Why don't you speak?" "Must it be me to say I love you?" "Answer me, please." "But before leaving I saw her, and I understood she still loves you." "She lives enclosed with her mother in Kiev, and sees no one." "She's so unhappy!" "She's always loved you, she's waiting for you!" "Quick!" "Whip!" "Hey, folks!" "But there's no one here?" "How everything has changed!" "Grandpa!" "Not a chance..." "Hey kid, this is not where you change horses?" "Dad, dad, there is a man in a hurry." "Coming." "Meanwhile, you want a drink?" "Dora!" "Dora!" " Huh?" "There is a gentleman, give him drink, while I change the horses." " Well." "Dora, don't you recognize me?" "I was here 2 years ago for maneuvers!" "Yes, I think." "But if you want to drink, come inside." "Hey, Peter!" "Here, by here." "Please, come forward." "Peter, make the horse change, and then let me know!" "If you wish to sit a moment." "I'll pull up the mats and let in a little light." "So what do you drink?" " Whatever." "Come on Vassilj, be good, help me, hold the tray." "What a beautiful view, right?" "That is Kiev." "Wasn't there a vine once, there?" " Yes, it's true." "But with frost has dried." "It's been a year, last year!" "The snow that came down!" "It was so high, you could not walk out the door." "There is vodka, but if you have time, I prepare some tea." " No." "Then I will give you this vodka." "It's special!" "But you're Major Anickoff, the one who always played billiard!" "Who knows where my mind was!" "Come, excellency, don't stay here in the dark." "Here, come and sit here." "I'm really glad to see again a gentleman like you." "Here." " Mom, mom..." "Petrouschka, don't scream, don't you see how good is Vassilj ?" "Tommaso, come Tommaso, come and see who's here!" "Mom, look! "Boom boom"!" "Oh God, what do you do?" "Leave it alone!" " Don't be afraid, does not work." "Are you sure?" " Yes, it's broken and discharged." "Please, remove it from his hand." " Give me, dear." " Thanks, Excellency." "What do you drink?" "Is it good?" " It's good, but it's not for you." "Petrouschka, don't bother the gentleman!" "In punishment!" "Dora, you called me?" " You remember him, Excellency?" "It's Tommaso, the waiter." "I married him!" "Where's your mind?" "Don't you recognize His Excellency?" "Of course!" " Come on, say hello!" "So, you've come to wait for your friend." " Poor Petrouschka, come here." "Your friend will be here soon." "He said: "I'll be back the 7", and today is 7." "Who are you talking about?" " But, of your friend, Prince Drutzky!" "Drutzky?" "Will pass by here?" "Yes!" "A month ago he was here, went to Kiev for the service, and said:" ""Today is 7, next month on the 7 I'll pass again."" "Exactly!" "He said the 7, today is 7!" "Your Excellency, the horses are ready." " Wait a minute." " Should I wait?" "A gentleman as cheerful as the prince, I've never seen." "They were always together!" " I've never seen two friends like them!" "What a fright we had, that night when you quarreled!" "There, right there at the billiard." "How troubled you were that night!" "The prince, instead, not at all." "When you went out, he said:" ""He'll get over it, you'll see!"" ""How can anything happen with a friendship like ours?"" "He spent the whole evening saying that basically you have a heart of gold." "As for that, excuse me, I think he was right." "But are you quite sure he will pass by here, my friend?" "Sure!" "Should already be here." "You'll see, he won't be long." "So, the horses?" " Unhitch them, Peter." "We'll wait for prince Drutzky." "Come on, quick, come down to help Peter for the horses." "What are you looking at?" " I look at that village there." "That big village is called Kiev." "I've been there with mom." "Oh yeah?" " Why do you always look at it?" "Because when I get there I'll be happy." " So, why don't you go?" "Because to be totally happy..." "Beautiful!" "What is it?" "It's gold?" "Will you give it to me?" "I can't, I must give it to the gentleman who will pass by here." "And I must apologize, because that gentleman is my friend!" "I am Lieutenant, and I'll stay such for my career!" "This will be really my glory!" "In a few years, I will simply be called "The Lieutenant", by definition." "We are at the crossroads, turn left." " Don't we pass by the inn?" "No, the captain is in a hurry." " Sorry to force you to take another route." "Oh, for a few more minutes we can get into town on the side of your barracks." "Your Excellency?" "What shall I prepare for dinner?" " Nothing." "You'll see that the prince will be here soon." "Look where that brat fell asleep!" "No, leave him alone, poor Petrouschka." " Then I put the lumen here." "Good evening, Excellency." " Good evening, Demetrio." "Gioacchino, remain available to the captain." "Farewell, Alessio." "See you tomorrow!" "Has then got married Adrian, the cook?" "Yes, but it's the lackey, not the cook." "He quarrels with his wife already?" "Good evening, Excellency." " Good evening." "I'm back." "The Countess is at home?" " She's upstairs, I'll call her." " Thanks." "Good evening, Sir." " Good evening." "Where are you going with that lamp?" "Maria Nicolajevna!" " Good evening!" " I'm back, I had a new furlough." "This is for the large room." "You know you have a wonderful complexion?" "Your Excellency must be joking." "This is for the little boudoir." "Which is the lumen for the library?" " This." " Miss Masha is there?" "Yes." "Today she gives lessons to the poor children of the neighborhood." "Alright, thanks." "Good evening, Countess." "I found an occupation, I take it to Masha." "You mind?" "Sergio, thank you so much for coming." " You think that also Masha will be glad?" "Oh, Masha is glad." "She says nothing, but in her heart, is happy." "Miss, miss ..." "I sure have drawn the flower well!" "When you have drawn the flower, we will make the little house." "Where shall I put the lumen, excellency?" " On the table, of course." "Masha!" "Sergio, it's you!" "But you made a mistake, that seat is for the top of the class." "You consider me so little, then?" "Look at that masterpiece!" "Come on, kids, it's late, go home." "Mom, would you mind distributing the packages yourself, this evening?" "Can I help you?" " Oh, no, tonight you will help Mom." "I..." "I...will be right back." "Masha, my soul, what are you doing?" "This ..." "No!" "And this ... neither!" "This makes me look older." "And this?" "Maybe this one." "Look at me, Maria, look at me." "No, stay there, stay there!" "Look!" "You like it?" " Yes, is so beautiful!" "No, I don't like anymore." " Why?" " I do not know what to wear." "It's 2 years I don't get a new dress." "Oh, Maria, what should I do?" "But there's a lot here!" "Maybe the black one!" "What do you think?" "All in black, with a rose in the hair." " Yes, black!" " No." "The white one, yes, white, the gayest of all." "It's the most beautiful." " Sure." "Maria hurry, come here!" "One minute dear, I come!" "There is such a mess ..." "Forget everything and come here!" " Wait!" "Maria, tell Anastasia to prepare for lunch." " She knows already, dear." "As soon as he arrives, everyone in the house knows it." "They all love him, he's so cute!" "Cute?" "You're all in love with him." "Oh, Maria, you should be ashamed!" "Then I shouldn't be the only one ashamed." " What you say!" "Ugly gossipy!" "I don't care anything about him!" "He is completely indifferent to me." "Yes." "Indifferent." "Indifferent..." "Or maybe..." "Who knows!" "Masha!" "You disappeared so suddenly." " Am I not a little more beautiful, so?" "Lovely, dear." "But what have you done?" " Let, Maria will take care of it." "She made such a mess." " It's true, Mary?" " Yes, dear, my soul!" "You don't know what a pleasure it is to see you finally glad." "It seems to me as if at last had entered some air in this house." "Mom, the first time Sergio came, two months ago,.." "I hadn't seen him for two years, from the time of Andrea." "As soon as he saw me, he told me:" ""You must marry me." Just so, imagine!" "I..." "I didn't know what to answer." "It seemed impossible, I lived so alone, after Andrea." "Then he said:" ""I'll be back in a month."" "And last month he returned, and asked again: "Do you want to?"" "I ..." "Oh Mom, that foolish I was!" "I told him no." "How I have regretted it, after!" "Then he said: "In a month I'll be back for the third time."" "And I feared that he wouldn't come back!" "Oh, Mom!" "And now that he's back again,.." "what if he's weary and doesn't tell me anything?" "Then, be aware that Sergio has asked me if I had any objection to your marriage." "Oh, Masha!" "Masha, what splendor!" " You like?" "You like?" "So, you want me to wear it to the party?" "For the engagement we'll need a wonderful party ..." "A marvelous party." "Come." "Come with me." "Oh, how long has not been opened this old salon!" "Soon, Sergio, a party with lots of guests, lots of music, lots of light!" "Help me to open!" "Open, open!" "Would you like tomorrow?" " Oh, tomorrow may be too soon." "But I have only a few days furlough!" "Tomorrow then." "Better, now!" "Oh, to dance, dance, dance!" "Masha!" "Masha, what's the matter?" "Oh, Sergio, I was so unhappy, these two years, but now enough, enough." "You must help me to be happy." "I feel that I will be happy with you." "We will go and live in Moscow!" "We must be happy, so happy!" "I went into town in late afternoon,.." "and after so much travel my happiness was nothing anxious." "Masha loved me." "I felt among my people." "I wandered the streets in search of the house of Masha, and I felt lighter." "As if for the first time in my life I had thrown off a burden." "Hey, buddy, wake up!" " Coach, your excellency?" " No." "Have you ever heard of the palace..." " Uh, wait a moment..." "Andrea!" "Don't you recognize me?" "Alessio!" " Yes!" " But, sure!" "You haven't changed at all, except for the shiny new ranks." "But, if you're here, where is Sergio?" " What, you don't know?" "Come along." "Where?" " Here, with me!" "Come!" " Where?" "Where else?" "To Sergio's!" " But, there's a party here!" "I..." " I should think so!" "But this is Sergio's house?" " No, it isn't." "Here Andrea." "The gentleman is with me." "Come, come." "Wait here, I'm going to look for Sergio." "Oops, sorry." "Sergio!" " Drutzky dearest, a thousand good wishes, to you and your fiancee." "Thanks Admiral, thanks for coming." "Good evening." "Sergio!" "Sergio!" "You!" "You here!" " Yesterday I waited so long at the inn." "You know, we parted in a rather strange circumstance." "I assure you that I am very pleased to see you happy." "But that day, you forgot something." "But you have not forgotten." " I ?" "Come!" "Great night, Prince!" " Yes, of course." " Sergio, what's up?" " Not here." "Come." "You have not forgotten." " What?" " And you're not changed either." "I recognize your cool obstinacy, your diabolical pride!" "You waited two years that I'd be happy." " Sergio!" " You're back this very night!" "Nothing to say, you chose the right time." "Well..." " Sergio, you're wrong!" " I accepted your proposal!" "This time it's your turn, as agreed." "I said it myself!" "We'll count 12 steps, I'll stay so, before you, and you will shoot." "But I,.." "I won't beg you to spare me!" "You may well use this, if you trust." "I also recognize you, you're always the same swagger." "You won't think that I'm afraid, I hope." " You really sure of not being afraid?" "And you would upset so this party?" "They're playing the polka." "It's very noisy, take advantage." " Sure." "No." "In this case, I prefer mine." "Only, too bad that is not loaded with cherry pits." "Sergio!" "Sergio!" "Leave us, Masha." "This man has made my life unhappy." "I don't want him to take you too!" "Go away!" "Go away!" "I hate you!" "Sergio, I'll wait at the same place as last time." "At dawn, if you're not a coward." "Excuse me." "I'm so glad, my dear, for you and for Masha." "Masha has suffered so much, but fortunately it is over." "There they are." "You allow?" "Sergio, I'm afraid for you." "Why don't you speak?" "Here, amongst the people?" "Why did he say "at the same place as last time" ?" "What's between you?" "Speak!" "Speak!" " Be careful, they look at us." "Where is he waiting Andrea?" "I'm afraid." "I do not want this horrible duel." "Do you understand?" "Ornoloff !" "Good evening." "Sorry, I hadn't seen you yet." "Masha, isn't this the waltz you promised to my friend?" " Yes." " I'd be happy." "You are thoughtful." "Maybe the music?" "Sure, at the bottom of all happiness, there is always a little melancholy." "Excuse me, I'm a bit tired." "Would you accompany me to sit?" "Do you mind going to tell Sergio,..." "it's a game between us,.." "that if he does not want to speak, the other person will speak." "Immediately." "Gone out with the impossible hope to find me,.." "Masha sought me all night, to beg me to save Sergio." "Poor creature!" "The absurdity of the undertaking began to appear her.." "after she had visited all the hotels in the city." "As time passed, her hope was fading." "In despair, she wandered even in the humblest districts, seeking at random." "She wanted to find me at any cost before dawn, hour of the duel." "But dawn was near now." "The reveille sounded in the barracks." "The day had now come, and with it, the time of the duel." "Maybe it was too late already." "Masha kept on running, walking aimlessly,.." "not knowing what she was doing, like a madwoman." "On, Nicoletta, if we want to go to mass." " It's very late?" "Oh!" "What are you doing here?" "What is the matter?" "Come on!" "Sure it's late." "Have you seen that woman?" " It's late, I said, it's 7:00am!" "Luckily the church is not far away, but it's already day since long!" "Andrea!" "Andrea...you didn't go?" "No." "Why?" "Farewell, Masha." " Andrea!" "One moment ..." "Thank you." "You were generous." "I wandered all night hoping to meet you,.." "and beg you to spare Sergio." "And you hadn't gone." "You love him much?" " Yet one moment." "Soon we'll be home, and we'll have to part." "I wanted to tell you,.." "when I lost all hope to meet you, I entered the church." "And I prayed, I prayed ..." "and you were there!" "Why didn't you go?" "Because of me, right?" "Because you love me a little." "Oh, I too loved you, so much!" "I can tell you, now that it's all over, and that I must marry Sergio." "Farewell, Masha." "Yes, it's better." "Farewell." "Oh, Andrea!" "Why didn't you come back sooner?" "Masha ..." " Why didn't you come back on time?" "Why?" "Antonietta, your cousin, for a jealousy of bad girl,.." "only last week delivered your note." "My note?" "Which one?" "That note you wrote me on the evening of the outing." "Didn't you ever receive it?" " No, never." "Oh God!" "Only last week she gave it to me." "Then, like a madman, I traveled 600 miles day and night,.." "killing the horses to arrive to you on time." "But when I arrived ..." "Oh!" "One day sufficed." "If only you had come one day sooner!" "If only you had come yesterday!" "Only yesterday I gave my word to Sergio." "Masha, but if you really love me, what does the word matter?" " No, Andrea." "I gave my word, and I must keep it." "We must part now." "You will leave?" " Yes, this very day." "Farewell." "Farewell, Masha." "Farewell." "Masha!" "Masha!" "Masha!" "There, on the bed." "I'll do some light." "Andrea..." "Andrea!" "From that day, it's now been almost a year." "Here." "This is my house in Rome." "Good evening, Your Excellency." " Good evening, Count." "Good evening." "Finally, I'll tell you that Sergio freed Masha from her promise." "Please come in." "I hope you'll be my guest these days." "Thank you." "And Masha, then?" "You hear?" |
ID 190 – Very rare furnished 3Br/2.5Bth off Central Park – A real gem of a townhouse with a garden, unique in NYC
The apartment
This 3 bedroom 2.5 bathroom apartment in a townhouse is a true find: situated in the heart of Manhattan just a stone’s throw away from Central Park, it allies all the comforts of suburban living with the buzz of city life.
Beautifully decorated with hardwood floors, pristine white walls and huge windows, this townhouse features all the modern conveniences that you could possibly imagine and is incredibly well-lit throughout. A vast living room and an amazing kitchen with a dining area make this spacious house into a real home.
On the basement, first and second floors, this quiet and bright apartment faces a restored landmark to the north and quiet gardens to the south.
There are high ceilings and hardwood floors, stained glass windows, and 2 wood-burning fireplaces. There is a fully-equipped kitchen with GE gas range, Sub-zero refrigerator and European dishwasher.
if you ever get tired of Central Park or feel like spending some quiet time outdoors, this house overlooks a charming garden, where you can sit back and relax, enjoy your morning coffee or read a book.
The apartment has 3 bedrooms: one with a queen-size bed, one with 2 single beds, and a third with 2 single beds. There is a single/double sofa bed in the living room (this means that the sofa bed is larger than a single, but not quite a double).
Air conditioning, central heating, wireless internet, laundry in the apartment, garden. The subway is 2 short blocks away.
The layout is as follows:
2nd or parlor floor: living room with single/double sofa bed, lounge chair, and flat screen TV. Full bathroom with tub/shower, open kitchen, large dining room with fireplace. Garden access from small deck off the living room.
1st or garden floor: front bedroom with 2 single beds, full bathroom with tub/shower, master bedroom with queen size bed and wood-burning fireplace. Access to garden. The apartment can be entered at this level, without having to negotiate any steps.
Large recreation room (third bedroom) with window in lower level: 2 single beds, half-bathroom, laundry.
Hair dryer, iron and ironing board, towels, and all linens and duvet/comforters are provided. Porta crib and high chair are available.
Don’t miss out on this one of a kind house!
The building
The neighborhood
A stone’s throw away from Central Park, you will have the whole of New York at your feet: access to Downtown Manhattan couldn’t be easier, with the B an C lines just two blocks away. Supermarket and other facilities are all within walking distance.
Very few places in the world have the architectural and demographic diversity of the Upper West Side of Manhattan. From 59th Street to 110th Street, from Central Park to Riverside Park, the landmark Upper West Side has grand apartment buildings and beautiful townhouses, walk-up tenement buildings, and a smattering of public housing. It is home to internationally acclaimed cultural institutions like Lincoln Center and Symphony Space, the American Museum of Natural History, the Children’s Museum, and the new Jewish Community Center, as well as renowned educational institutions like The Juilliard School, Mannes College of Music, Manhattan School of Music, and Columbia University.
The Upper West Side is a foodie’s paradise. Restaurants of every nationality line Columbus and Amsterdam Avenues, as well as Broadway. Most of them deliver. There are food shops at every turn: the most famous being Fairway, West Side Market, Zabar’s, Barzini’s, Garden of Eden, H & H Bagel, Absolute Bagel, to name a few. Organic food stores are flourishing.
While public transportation is absolutely the best in the City (A, B, C, D, 1, 2, 3 subway trains all stop on the Upper West Side, and there are buses on every avenue), it is also possible to act like a true New Yorker and WALK EVERYWHERE!!! If you must take a taxi, just raise your arm, and “hail” one. A private car service is also readily available with a few moments’ notice.
No Upper West Side experience is complete without exploring Central Park. We are located about 200 feet from Central Park. The Park’s cool and clean air makes NYC’s summers much more bearable. You can rent bikes and ride the miles of roads and pathways; run the Reservoir (1.6 miles on a soft surface); rollerblade; see Shakepeare or an opera or concert; or just play in the many playgrounds and playing fields.
More information about Upper West Side |
#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN // Make "s#" use Py_ssize_t rather than int.
#include <Python.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
#include <X11/extensions/XShm.h>
#define INVALID_SHM_ID -1
#define INVALID_SHM_ADDRESS (char*)-1
#define BYTES_PER_PIXEL 4
#define min(a,b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#define max(a,b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#define Py_INIT_ERROR -1
#define Py_INIT_SUCCESS 0
#define __raise(return_value, Exception, message...) { \
char errorMessage[500]; \
snprintf(errorMessage, 500, message); \
PyErr_SetString( \
PyExc_##Exception, \
errorMessage); \
return return_value; \
}
#define raise(Exception, message...) __raise(NULL, Exception, message)
#define raiseInit(Exception, message...) __raise(Py_INIT_ERROR, Exception, message)
static Display* display = NULL;
typedef struct {
PyObject_HEAD
int width;
int height;
int buffer_size;
XShmSegmentInfo segmentInfo;
XImage *image;
} Image;
static bool
init_display() {
if (display == NULL) {
display = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
if (display == NULL) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
static bool
Image_init_shared_memory(Image *self) {
self->segmentInfo.shmid = shmget(
IPC_PRIVATE,
self->buffer_size,
IPC_CREAT | 0600);
return self->segmentInfo.shmid != INVALID_SHM_ID;
}
static bool
Image_map_shared_memory(Image *self) {
// Map the shared memory segment into the address space of this process
self->segmentInfo.shmaddr = (char*)shmat(self->segmentInfo.shmid, 0, 0);
if (self->segmentInfo.shmaddr != INVALID_SHM_ADDRESS) {
self->segmentInfo.readOnly = true;
// Mark the shared memory segment for removal
// It will be removed even if this program crashes
shmctl(self->segmentInfo.shmid, IPC_RMID, 0);
return true;
}
return false;
}
static bool
Image_create_shared_image(Image *self) {
int screen = XDefaultScreen(display);
// Allocate the memory needed for the XImage structure
self->image = XShmCreateImage(
display, XDefaultVisual(display, screen),
DefaultDepth(display, screen), ZPixmap, 0,
&self->segmentInfo, 0, 0);
if (self->image) {
self->image->data = (char*)self->segmentInfo.shmaddr;
self->image->width = self->width;
self->image->height = self->height;
// Ask the X server to attach the shared memory segment and sync
XShmAttach(display, &self->segmentInfo);
XSync(display, false);
return true;
}
return false;
}
static void
Image_destroy_shared_image(Image *self) {
if (self->image) {
XShmDetach(display, &self->segmentInfo);
XDestroyImage(self->image);
self->image = NULL;
}
}
static void
Image_free_shared_memory(Image *self) {
if(self->segmentInfo.shmaddr != INVALID_SHM_ADDRESS) {
shmdt(self->segmentInfo.shmaddr);
self->segmentInfo.shmaddr = INVALID_SHM_ADDRESS;
}
}
static int
Image_init(Image *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds) {
static char *kwlist[] = {"width", "height", NULL};
if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(
args, kwds, "ii", kwlist,
&self->width, &self->height)) {
return Py_INIT_ERROR;
}
self->buffer_size = self->width * self->height * BYTES_PER_PIXEL;
if (!init_display()) {
raiseInit(OSError, "could not open a connection to the X server");
}
if (!Image_init_shared_memory(self)) {
raiseInit(OSError, "could not init shared memory");
}
if (!Image_map_shared_memory(self)) {
raiseInit(OSError, "could not map shared memory");
}
if (!Image_create_shared_image(self)) {
Image_free_shared_memory(self);
raiseInit(OSError, "could not allocate the XImage structure");
}
return Py_INIT_SUCCESS;
}
static void
Image_dealloc(Image *self) {
Image_destroy_shared_image(self);
Image_free_shared_memory(self);
Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject*)self);
}
static PyObject *
Image_copyTo(Image *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds) {
// draws the image on the surface at x, y
static char *kwlist[] = {"drawable", "x", "y", "width", "height", NULL};
Drawable surface;
GC gc;
int x, y;
int width, height;
if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(
args, kwds, "liiii", kwlist,
&surface, &x, &y, &width, &height)) {
return NULL;
}
gc = XCreateGC(display, surface, 0, NULL);
XShmPutImage(display, surface, gc,
self->image, 0, 0,
x, y, width, height, False);
XFreeGC(display, gc);
XSync(display, false);
Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
static PyObject *
Image_draw(Image *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds) {
// puts the pixels on the image at x, y
static char *kwlist[] = {"x", "y", "width", "height", "pixels", NULL};
int offset_x, offset_y;
int width, height;
int pixels_per_row;
int source_pixels_per_row;
int destination_pixels_per_row;
int destination_offset_x_bytes;
char *pixels;
Py_ssize_t pixels_size;
if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(
args, kwds, "iiiis#", kwlist,
&offset_x, &offset_y, &width, &height,
&pixels, &pixels_size)) {
return NULL;
}
destination_offset_x_bytes = max(0, offset_x) * BYTES_PER_PIXEL;
source_pixels_per_row = width * BYTES_PER_PIXEL;
destination_pixels_per_row = self->width * BYTES_PER_PIXEL;
pixels_per_row = min(width + min(offset_x, 0), self->width - max(offset_x, 0)) * BYTES_PER_PIXEL;
if (offset_x + width > 0 && offset_x < self->width) {
// < 0 -> start y = 0, min(surface.height, height - abs(offset))
// > 0 -> start y = offset, height = min(surface.height, height + offset)
for (int y = max(0, offset_y); y < min(self->height, height + offset_y); y++) {
// < 0 -> first row = abs(offset) => n row = y + abs(offset)
// > 0 -> first row = - offset => n row = y - offset
// => n row = y - offset
int pixels_y = y - offset_y;
void *destination =
self->image->data + y * destination_pixels_per_row
+ destination_offset_x_bytes;
void *source = pixels + pixels_y * source_pixels_per_row;
if (! ((uintptr_t)self->image->data <= (uintptr_t)destination)) {
raise(AssertionError,
"The destination start address calculation went wrong.\n"
"It points to an address which is before the start address of the buffer.\n"
"%p not smaller than %p",
self->image->data, destination);
}
if (! ((uintptr_t)destination + pixels_per_row
<= (uintptr_t)self->image->data + self->buffer_size)) {
raise(AssertionError,
"The destination end address calculation went wrong.\n"
"It points to an address which is after the end address of the buffer.\n"
"%p not smaller than %p",
destination + pixels_per_row,
self->image->data + self->buffer_size);
}
if (! ((uintptr_t)pixels <= (uintptr_t)source)) {
raise(AssertionError,
"The source start address calculation went wrong.\n"
"It points to an address which is before the start address of the buffer.\n"
"%p not smaller than %p",
pixels, source);
}
if (! ((uintptr_t)source + pixels_per_row
<= (uintptr_t)pixels + pixels_size)) {
raise(AssertionError,
"The source end address calculation went wrong.\n"
"It points to an address which is after the end address of the buffer."
"%p not smaller than %p",
source + pixels_per_row,
pixels + pixels_size);
}
memcpy(destination, source, pixels_per_row);
}
}
Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
static PyMethodDef Image_methods[] = {
{"copy_to", (PyCFunction)Image_copyTo,
METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
"Draws the image on the surface at the passed coordinate.\n"
"\n"
"Args:\n"
" drawable (int): the surface to draw on\n"
" x (int): the x position where this image should be placed\n"
" y (int): the y position where this image should be placed\n"
" width (int): the width of the area\n"
" which should be copied to the drawable\n"
" height (int): the height of the area\n"
" which should be copied to the drawable"},
{"draw", (PyCFunction)Image_draw,
METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
"Places the pixels on the image at the passed coordinate.\n"
"\n"
"Args:\n"
" x (int): the x position where the pixels should be placed\n"
" y (int): the y position where the pixels should be placed\n"
" width (int): amount of pixels per row in the passed data\n"
" height (int): amount of pixels per column in the passed data\n"
" pixels (bytes): the pixels to place on the image"},
{NULL} /* Sentinel */
};
static PyTypeObject ImageType = {
PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
.tp_name = "Xshm.Image",
.tp_doc =
"An shared memory X11 Image\n"
"\n"
"Args:\n"
" width (int): the width of this image\n"
" height (int): the height of this image",
.tp_basicsize = sizeof(Image),
.tp_itemsize = 0,
.tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew,
.tp_init = (initproc)Image_init,
.tp_dealloc = (destructor) Image_dealloc,
.tp_methods = Image_methods,
};
static PyModuleDef module = {
PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
.m_name = "Xshm",
.m_doc = "Modul which implements the interaction with the Xshm extension.",
.m_size = -1,
};
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit_Xshm(void) {
PyObject *module_instance;
if (PyType_Ready(&ImageType) < 0)
return NULL;
module_instance = PyModule_Create(&module);
if (module_instance == NULL)
return NULL;
Py_INCREF(&ImageType);
PyModule_AddObject(module_instance, "Image", (PyObject*)&ImageType);
return module_instance;
}
|
Israeli UN representative Israel Nitzan urges the Security Council "to stop indulging the Palestinians" after their resolution was rejected.
The Middle East Adviser for the Permanent Mission of Israel to the United Nations (UN), Israel Nitzan, told the Palestinian Authority (PA) on Tuesday night that statehood cannot be achieved using provocations.
Nitzan made a statement to the Security Council shortly after it rejected the PA’s resolution which would have set a deadline for Israel to withdraw from lands the PA considers to be “occupied territory”.
“The Palestinians have found every possible opportunity to avoid direct negotiations. They have engaged in a never-ending string of political games and now they are parading into this Council with preposterous unilateral proposals,” he said.
“I have news for the Palestinians - you cannot agitate and provoke your way to a state,” continued Nitzan.
“I urge the Council to stop indulging the Palestinians and put an end to their march of folly,” he concluded.
The unilateral resolution failed to pass the Security Council after only eight countries voted in favor of the resolution, one short of the nine required to pass it. Two countries voted against, and there were five abstentions.
France, China and Russia were among the countries that supported the text. Australia and the United States voted against.
The resolution failed to pass despite earlier claims by the PA that it had the necessary nine-vote majority to enable it to pass the resolution calling for recognition of a "Palestinian state" as well as an Israeli withdrawal from Judea, Samaria and eastern Jerusalem by the end of 2017.
Had the resolution passed, it would have forced the United States - which has stated its firm opposition to such unilateral measures - to use its veto at the Security Council, potentially causing tensions with some of America's Arab allies in the UN.
As recently as Monday, PA foreign minister Riyad Al-Maliki had indicated that the vote would be postponed until after the new year, after the vote was put off last Friday and again on Monday. Analysts believed the PA would be better off to wait until after January 1, when the make-up of the Security Council will change and more countries with pro-PA stances become members. |
World Vision International
World Vision International is an Evangelical Christian humanitarian aid, development, and advocacy organization. It prefers to present itself as interdenominational and also employs staff from non-evangelical Christian denominations. It was founded in 1950 by Robert Pierce as a service organization to meet the emergency needs of missionaries. In 1975 development work was added to World Vision's objectives. It is active in nearly 100 countries with a total revenue including grants, product and foreign donations of more than $2 billion (2017).
History
The charity was founded in 1950 as World Vision Inc. by Robert Pierce and co-founder Frank Phillips with the first office in Portland, Oregon. Originally, the charity operated as a missionary service organization meeting emergency needs in crisis areas in East Asia, where in 1954 it opened an office in South Korea. In order to restructure, the organization World Vision International was founded in 1977 by Walter Stanley Mooneyham the then president of World Vision.
In 1967, the Mission Advanced Research and Communication Center (MARC) was founded by Ed Dayton as a division of World Vision International. It became the organizational backbone of the Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization, collected and published data about "unreached people" and also published the "Mission Handbook: North American Protestant Ministries Overseas".
During the 1970s, World Vision began training families to build small farms by teaching agricultural skills aiming to make lasting effects in the communities they were helping by promoting self-reliance The organization also began installing water pumps for clean water in communities which caused infant mortality rates to drop. Volunteers now use the fresh water to teach communities gardening and irrigation and promote good health.
During the 1990s, World Vision International began focusing on the needs of children who had been orphaned in Uganda, Romania, and Somalia in response to AIDS, neglect, and civil war, respectively. They began educating other African communities on AIDS after realizing its impact. They also joined the United Nations peacekeeping efforts to help those affected by civil war. World Vision also started to openly promote the international ban on land mines. In 1994 World Vision US moved to Washington State.
According to Forbes magazine, as of December 2014, World Vision is the 11th largest charity in the United States with total revenue of over 981 million dollars.
Organizational structure
World Vision Partnership now operates as a federation of interdependent national offices governed by the same agreement but with three different levels of central control.
National Offices- under strong central control by World Vision International, registered in the host country as a branch of the main organization.
Intermediate Stage National Offices with a separate board of directors
Interdependently National Registered Offices- autonomous in internal decision but are expected to coordinate with World Vision International and are bound to the Covenant of Partnership.
The Covenant of Partnership is a document that all national members of the World Vision Partnership have to sign. According to this document all national offices have to accept policies and decisions established by the International Board and must not establish an office or program outside their own national borders without the consent of World Vision International and the host country. Except for direct project founding, all funds intended for outside their national borders have to be remitted through World Vision International. The financial planning and budget principles adopted by the International Board have to be accepted as well as an examination of the financial affairs of the national offices by Partnership representatives.
The president of World Vision International has a seat on all national offices with their own national board.
The partnership offices – located in Geneva, Bangkok, Nairobi, Cyprus, Los Angeles, and San José, Costa Rica – coordinate operations of the organization and represent World Vision in the international arena. For making large scale decisions, the international organization considers opinions from each national office, whether in the developed or developing world.
An international board of directors oversees the World Vision partnership. The full board meets twice a year to appoint senior officers, approve strategic plans and budgets, and determine international policy. The current chairperson of the international board is Donna Shepherd. The international president is Kevin J. Jenkins.
Religion
World Vision's staff comes from a range of Christian denominations. Its staff includes followers of Protestantism, Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Around the world its staff includes followers of different religions or none. Its staff participates in daily and weekly services. They stress that one can be a Christian in any culture. However, World Vision also respects other religions that it encounters, stating that "to promote a secular approach to life would be an insult to them". Richard Stearns, president of World Vision US, stated that World Vision has a strict policy against proselytizing, which he describes as "...using any kind of coercion or inducement to listen to a religious message before helping someone".
The World Vision Partnership and all of its national members are committed to the concept of transformational development, which is cast in a biblical framework and in which evangelization is an integral part of development work.
Activities and philosophy
Activities include: emergency relief, education, health care, economic development, and promotion of justice. The organization has consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council and partnerships with UN agencies like UNICEF, WHO, UNHCR and ILO, and financial records reveal that it has funded evangelical activities all over the world.
Its approach to aid is to first help people and their communities recognize the resources that lie within them. With support from World Vision, it claims communities transform themselves by carrying out their own development projects in health care, agriculture production, water projects, education, micro-enterprise development, advocacy and other community programs.
It also addresses factors that perpetuate poverty by what it describes as promoting justice. It supports community awareness of the collective ability to address unjust practices and begin working for change. It claims to speak out on issues such as child labor, debt relief for poor nations, and the use of children as combatants in armed conflict. World Vision International has endorsed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. It claims to foster opportunities to help reduce conflict levels and to contribute to the peaceful resolution of hostilities and reconciliation of disputes.
World Vision encourages public awareness about the needs of others, the causes of poverty, and the nature of compassionate response. These efforts include collaboration with media and community participation in fundraising. In areas of the world that are considered too dangerous for news organizations to send their crews, World Vision's own videographers supply newscasters with footage of events from these areas. In its communications, the organization claims to uphold the dignity of children and families in presenting explanations of the causes and consequences of poverty, neglect, abuse and war.
The organization was one of the founding members of global IT nonprofit NetHope.
With more than 50 years of experience in India, World Vision India works in 24 states across the country through development that is community based, sustainable and transformational emergency response and disaster mitigation, advocacy initiatives that are grassroots based.
World Vision India is a national NGO in partnership with a network of over 100 other entities within World Vision International. World Vision India is registered as a society under the Tamil Nadu Societies Act with its National Office based in Chennai. Governed by an autonomous Board of Directors, World Vision's programmes are facilitated by close to 1700 staff.
In 2015 World Vision took part in operations to bring earthquake relief to Nepal.
Child sponsorship
World Vision runs a child sponsorship program which aims to help needy children, families and communities access clean drinking water, sanitation, education, skills for future livelihood, nutrition, health care and participate in an age-appropriate in development processes. World Vision operates on the theory that by changing the lives of children, the child sponsorship program facilitates overall growth and development in the community, as it helps communities to build a better future through empowerment, education, income generation, and self-sufficiency.
Controversy
Accusations of misrepresentation
World Vision uses the Sponsor a Child method of fundraising.
In a 2008 report on famine in Ethiopia, reporter Andrew Geoghegan, from Australian TV programme Foreign Correspondent, visited his 14-year-old sponsor child. The girl has "been part of a World Vision program all her life" yet says (in translated subtitle) "Until recently, I didn't know I had a sponsor." And when asked about her knowledge of World Vision sponsorship says, "Last time they gave me this jacket and a pen." Geoghegan was disconcerted to find that despite being "told by World Vision that [the girl] was learning English at school, and was improving...she speaks no English at all".
In response, World Vision stated that "it unapologetically takes a community-based approach to development", in which the money is not directly provided to the family of the sponsored child. The organization argued that the "direct benefit" approach would result in jealousy among other community members without children and would not work.
Foreign Correspondent replied to World Vision concerning child sponsorship, showing contradictions between the organization's literature that creates the impression that donated money goes directly to the sponsor child and evidence of cases where supposedly sponsored children received little if any benefit.
Local corruption
"In February 2007...World Vision received an anonymous tip that lower level World Vision Liberia employees in key positions...were diverting food deliveries and building supplies for personal gain. World Vision immediately launched an investigation into the allegations, sending auditors to [their] field sites. Through this extensive internal audit, World Vision uncovered the nature and extent of the alleged violations and furnished detailed documentation that assisted the U.S. Government's subsequent investigation."
On October 25, 2013 World Vision Malawi cancelled a visit and fact-finding trip by a dozen United States Christians from San Antonio, Texas. A fear of danger and instability resulted from the dismissal of World Vision Malawi staff due to corruption. At the same time, the Malawi government fired the president's cabinet because of corruption.
Relationship with U.S. government
Ian Buchanan, author of "Armies Of God: A Study In Militant Christianity", has claimed that World Vision is effectively an arm of the United States Department of State.
Same-sex marriage ban
On March 24, 2014, the United States branch of World Vision announced that it would no longer ban employees from being in same-sex marriages. Facing protests from donors and the larger evangelical community after the announcement, World Vision reversed the policy change two days later.
Evangelism
The political weekly Tehelka has cited World Vision India's involvement with AD2000 as proof of evangelism. Radhakant Nayak, a leader of World Vision's local chapter in Orissa, was also accused by Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh of being involved in the murder of Swami Lakshmanananda. World Vision India condemned the murder and denied any involvement, pointing out its anti-proselytizing policy. Valerie Tarico, a commentator on religious and social topics, points out that World Vision defines proselytism as "Proselytism takes place whenever assistance is offered on condition that people must listen or respond to a message or as an inducement to leave one and join another part of the Christian church." which does not in general exclude evangelism. Furthermore, she mentions the phrase "serving as a witness to the gospel of Jesus Christ" as part of World Vision's description of its mission and identifies the word "witness" as an evangelical code word for seeking converts.
Israel and Palestine
In 1982, after World Vision publicly criticized Israel actions in Palestinian refugee camps near Sidon and Tyre, it came under attack from conservative evangelicals and the government of Israel. In spite of this pressure, WV president Mooneyham presented to the eight hundred thousand readers of World Vision Magazine a report "showing 255 bodies and ankle-deep body fluids left in a school basement by an Israeli bomb." In this September issues of World Vision Magazine President Stanley Mooneyham was quoted describing Israeli actions with the behavior of Hitler's army, "reminiscent of Warsaw." In the same month Mooneyham was forced to resign when, according to former World Vision employee Ken Waters, his leadership style was criticized; he was replaced as President by Ted Engstrom.
In February 2012, based on information provided by the Shurat HaDin - Israel Law Center, World Vision Australia allegedly provided "financial aid to a Gaza-based terrorist group", the Union of Agricultural Work Committees (UAWC), which they also alleged is a "front for terror group the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine". WV had "suspended its dealings" with UAWC until the outcome of the investigation. WV resumed working with UAWC after AusAID and World Vision found the allegations were unfounded. The Israel Law Center considers World Vision's response to be a whitewash and maintains that the allegations have not been refuted.
On June 15, 2016, Mohammad El Halabi, manager of World Vision in Gaza, was arrested at the Erez border crossing and charged by Israeli prosecutors with channeling its funds directly to Hamas, a listed terror organization. A senior official with Shin Bet, Israel's internal security agency, stated that Halabi was recruited by the military wing of Hamas in 2004 and instructed to penetrate World Vision. According to the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, Halabi transferred cash to Hamas to help it in digging military tunnels and purchasing weapons. Muhammad Mahmoud, Halabi's lawyer, told Haaretz that his client has nothing to do with Hamas and that the fact that the investigation had lasted 55 days proves that there is a problem with evidence. Israel's Shin Bet intelligence agency claims that about $48 million of World Vision resources were funneled to Hamas in just six years and another $80,000 was used for building a Hamas position in Beit Hanon and for paying salaries of Hamas members who fought against Israel in the 2014 war. World Vision confirmed that its funds are spent in accordance with legal requirements that contribute to peace and that the charity works closely with the UN and Red Cross. The charity initially defended Halabi as a "humanitarian".
In August 2016, Israeli officials claimed that the World Vision organization was providing the military wing of Hamas with tens of millions of dollars in Gaza. World Vision has denounced these allegations which come amid Israeli campaigns against the non-governmental organizations that worked with Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade immediately suspended all funding of Palestinian programs by World Vision. World Vision Australia chief executive, Tim Costello, accepted this move as being the correct thing to do pending a proper investigation of the allegations. A review of the Australian government
came to the conclusion that no Australian taxpayer money was diverted to Hamas.
Notable affiliated persons
Hugh Jackman
Kris Allen
Alex Trebek
Paul Brandt
Richard Stearns
Meghan, Duchess of Sussex
Liam Cunningham
References
External links
Official website
Category:Christian organizations established in 1950
Category:Christian charities based in the United States
Category:Climate change organizations
Category:Development charities based in the United States
Category:Children's charities based in the United States
Category:Emergency organizations
Category:International medical and health organizations
Category:Christian organizations established in the 20th century
Category:Educational organizations based in the United States
Category:Christian educational organizations
Category:1950 establishments in California
Category:Organizations with general consultative status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council
Category:Charities based in California
Category:Evangelical Christian humanitarian organizations
Category:Organizations based in Los Angeles County, California
Category:Monrovia, California |
Three Great Social Contractarians: Hobbes, Locke, and … Blackbeard? A Guest Post
Peter Leeson, the BB&T Professor for the Study of Capitalism at George Mason University and author of the forthcoming book “The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates,” blogged here earlier this week about U.F.O.’s and dominoes. This is his final post.
We’ve all heard the idea of the social contract before. This is the notion of government as the product of a grand, unanimous agreement between society’s members that brings political authority into existence. In school, we read the great social contract theorists: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
And then we’re told that none of it’s really true.
No society literally created its government through a genuine social contract, conventional wisdom goes. That would require every member of society to voluntarily agree to such a contract’s terms and to express consent explicitly through their signatures.
Even America’s founding, which involved a written “agreement” of sorts, fails this test. Only a few members of American society actually signed the Constitution, and some disagreed with it but were stuck with its terms nonetheless. The social contract might be an important analytical device for evaluating government’s legitimacy. But, taken literally anyway, it’s a myth.
The social contract may be mythical when it comes to societies of honest individuals. But recent research suggests it’s very real when it comes to some societies of rogues.
Eighteenth-century pirate society had a genuine social contract at its foundation, a unanimous social agreement that created the pirates’ constitutional democracy. Pirates’ floating societies were forged without government to create government and used actual written contracts — “pirate codes” — to do so.
Pirates weren’t the only rogue societies to forge their “governments” via literal social contracts. David Skarbek shows that a contemporary California-based prison gang, La Nuestra Familia, has similar social contract foundations, and a recent discovery suggests the Mafia may have a social contract at its base as well.
Could murderers and thieves be more familiar with Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau than honest citizens? Probably not. But criminal societies emerge with very different purposes than regular ones; these differences may account for why Blackbeard’s “government” was a more faithful representation of a true social contract than the U.S. government is.
Rogue societies’ criminality puts social harmony at a premium. Since any disgruntled member of a criminal society could turn on his comrades and inform authorities of their skullduggery, leading to their capture and punishment, it’s critical to make sure everyone is happy. This means ensuring everyone is pleased to live under society’s rules and is satisfied with the people who administer those rules. A social contract, which secures citizens’ unanimous agreement to political rules at the outset and enshrines this agreement in writing, helps to secure such harmony.
In contrast, societies formed without criminal intent don’t confront this problem. In “regular” societies, a disgruntled citizen can’t bring down the rest of us by tattling to outside authorities. Here, then, securing every citizen’s agreement to political authority through universal social agreement is less critical.
Of course, there are other important factors that influence criminal vs. “regular” societies’ reliance on genuine social contracts. But the difference between their criminality appears to be an important one. And, as my forthcoming book The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates discusses, criminality, perhaps unexpectedly, seems to favor governments based on true social agreement.
What can criminal consent teach us about American government? A few things, actually.
First, society works best where the need for policemen is least. Precisely because in self-regulating societies individuals regulate themselves, these societies can afford more freedom and the benefits that come with it. But self regulation is only possible where most citizens agree with the rules that govern them. The key, then, is to increase the extent of social agreement underlying the rules that govern society.
There are two ways to do this. The first way is to try and build greater agreement over the existing range of issues we decide socially (i.e., in the public sphere). That seems unlikely, though, if for no other reason than Americans are as diverse in their beliefs and preferences as they come.
The second way is to be more modest about the range of issues we seek social consensus on in the first place. Most of us agree that murder, for instance, should be prohibited. Making this decision through the political process is unlikely to undermine social agreement.
But there’s much greater variation in Americans’ thinking about, say, what schools should teach fifth graders about sex, whether trans-fats pose an unreasonable risk to one’s health, and whether Andres Serrano produces provocative art or sacrilegious smut.
By depoliticizing decisions — making more of them private choices instead of public ones — we can strengthen the consensual basis of American government, and hopefully enhance social agreement over the rules we have. |
What is memory ?
something remembered from the past.
Why memory is important ?
Computer uses memory for storage of data. After processing some operation on processor the result is stored in the memory. Memory is very important like a processor. because if we store a complex result in memory we don't need to calculate it again if it is needed in future. we can save time of processor and use it for other operations. so, we must use memory effectively. |
We did an Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt episode and the internet was in a whirlwind, calling it ‘racist,’ but my new goal is not to explain jokes. I feel like we put so much effort into writing and crafting everything, they need to speak for themselves. There’s a real culture of demanding apologies, and I’m opting out of that.
It’s been said that comedy is much harder than drama for actors, and the same must be true for writers. One writer with a reputation for getting it right is Tina Fey , who has been bringing laughs to everything she touches on small and big screens alike. Her latest series venture was Netflix original series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt , which Fey packed with proved comedic talents from all over. Of course, the most daring comedy is certain to offend at least some viewers, but Tina Fey is done worrying about the reactions of her audience.In an interview with Net-a-Porter , Tina Fey had this to say about the way viewers responded to one episode:The episode in question is the third of the series, entitled “Kimmy Goes On A Date!” It sees rich housewife Jacqueline reveal her Native American heritage. As Jacqueline is blonde, blue-eyed, and played by Jane Krakowski of 30 Rock fame, the Native American revelation was… surprising. Even more surprising was how the episode dealt with Jacqueline’s heritage: she was ashamed of being Native American and had taken major steps to conceal where she came from, even refusing to contribute to her son’s homework assignment of a family tree.“Kimmy Goes On A Date!” was not the first and would not be the last time thattook a rather politically incorrect turn, and it’s no surprise that it made some uncomfortable. Still, despite the story that probably would have been grossly mishandled in lesser comedic hands, Tina Fey treated it with the right amount of ridiculousness to make Jacqueline the punchline rather than Native American culture. Jacqueline was ashamed of her past and went to extreme lengths to conceal it;was not saying that she was right to do so.
Tina Fey choosing to opt out of explaining the intentions behind the jokes is actually rather brave; celebrities can be bombarded with demands for apologies for every slight gaffe or slip. Fey being called out in an age when celebrities are more visible and accessible than ever thanks to social media comes with a lot of pressure for an apology. As her comedy can often rely pushing boundaries, Fey refusing to cave to that pressure is a move without a ton of precedent. She may have alienated some by not delivering an explanation or apology, but an episode of a Netflix series about a girl who lived in an underground bunker is not likely to affect mainstream media in the long term. The jokes will be forgotten; Tina Fey's reputation will not.
Besides, Kimmy Schmidt is about much more than stereotypes and racial commentary; hopefully, those who stuck around for the rest of the series from found something to laugh about. |
International Island Games Association
The International Island Games Association (IIGA) is an organisation the sole purpose of which is to organise the Island Games, a friendly biennial multi-sport competition between teams from several European islands and other small territories. The IIGA liaises with the member island associations and with sponsors of the games. It investigates whether islands wanting to join fit the membership criteria.
The history of the Island Games and games results can be found at the Island Games page.
Members
The IIGA was founded in the Isle of Man in 1985. Constituents come from islands in, or associated with, eight sovereign states (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom).
Current members of the IIGA are:
Gibraltar is the only member of the IIGA that is not an island or group of islands as it is a peninsula of Iberia, sharing a land border with Spain. Ynys Môn (Anglesey), Frøya and Hitra have bridge or tunnel connections to their mainland. Greenland is by far the largest island, and is bigger than all the rest combined, but is very sparsely populated. Former members of the IIGA include the countries Iceland and Malta, the province Prince Edward Island and Rhodes.
Membership criteria
The IIGA constitution lists the criteria which would apply to new applicants. These limit applications to island territories with populations less than 125,000. There must be a local association of governing bodies of at least two sports in the IIGA program at which the island can "adequately" compete. Membership is limited to 25.
References
External links
IIGA website
The 2015 Island Games was hosted by Jersey, United Kingdom
The 2017 Island Games was hosted by Gotland, Sweden
Category:Island Games
Category:Organizations established in 1985 |
LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Twenty-two Los Angeles members of the notorious MS-13 gang with nicknames such as “Desastre” and “Lucifer” have been charged with running a criminal racketeering enterprise enforced with a string of murders, some by machete, prosecutors said on Tuesday.
The 12-count U.S. District Court indictment, handed down on Monday in Los Angeles, charges the MS-13 members and associates with killing seven people over the past two years, including gang rivals, people thought to be cooperating with police and a homeless man who was found living on their “turf.”
“Taking violent offenders off the street should send a message to MS-13 members and their associates that medieval-style violence and senseless murder will not be tolerated in Los Angeles,” Paul Delacourt, assistant director in charge of the FBI’s Los Angeles office, said in a written statement.
MS-13, which originated in the 1980s as a Salvadoran street gang in Los Angeles called Mara Salvatrucha, has grown into a multi-national criminal organization known for its brutality. The “MS” is an abbreviation for Mara Salvatrucha - a reference to El Salvador - and the 13 is for M, the 13th letter of the alphabet, which reflects the gang’s loyalty to the Mexican Mafia.
The indictment targets a subset of MS-13 known as the “Fulton clique,” which prosecutors say operates out of the San Fernando Valley neighborhood of Los Angeles and has recently mushroomed due to an influx of young Central American immigrants to Southern California.
The court documents say that younger associates of the Fulton clique who want to become full-fledged MS-13 members were required to kill a rival gang member or other adversary to gain initiation.
Among the murders detailed in the indictment is that of a rival gang member who was abducted and hacked to death on March 6, 2017 in a remote area of the Los Angeles National Forest by MS-13 members who believed he had defaced their graffiti.
The victim was dismembered, his heart cut from his chest and thrown into a canyon with other body parts, according to court papers.
Other slayings were also carried out with machetes, knives or baseball bats in the national forest or Malibu hills, prosecutors say. In addition to the murder charges, many of the 22 MS-13 members named in the indictment were charged with racketeering and conspiracy.
Among those charged were the accused leaders of the Fulton clique, Angel Amadeo Guzman, also known as “Splinter” or “Desastre,” Edgard Valasquez, known aka “Snoopy” and Walter Chavez Larin, aka “Delito” or “Dexter.” |
Fortunately, there are several possible paths that lead Alyson Hannigan back to the big screen. One method would be for her to star in a critically successful independent film that showcases something that her mostly comedic television shows only occasionally touched on: her dynamic emotional range. If she offers the kind of powerhouse performance we know she's capable of, then positive critical reviews and fan word-of-mouth would soon have Hollywood rumbling about bringing Hannigan back. Alternately, some of her older work can be introduced to a new generation. For instance, Buffy the Vampire Slayer recently received a controversial high-definition upgrade for broadcasting and streaming, and many fans are hoping that Buffy Blu-rays are right around the corner. Considering that Buffy went off the air in 2003, this would legitimately be a chance for an entirely new audience to fall in love with Hannigan, leading to her triumphant Hollywood return.
A final path back to Hollywood would be for Hannigan to direct her own movie. This is how some of the Star Trek alumni, such as Jonathan Frakes, helped escape the shadow of Trek: by becoming proficient and prolific directors. Hannigan could very well direct her own Hollywood return, be it indie drama or raunchy comedy, and instantly revive her Hollywood career, just like … well … magic! |
Relationship of serum Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 levels with coronary artery disease and its severity.
To investigate the association of Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) concentrations in circulation with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 120 consecutive participants who underwent coronary angiography between May 2017 and July 2018 at our center were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence of CAD. Serum WISP1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the association between variables and the presence of CAD. The average age of the study population was 59.8 years, 66.7% were male, and 58.3% were positive for CAD. Serum WISP1 levels were significantly higher in patients with CAD than non-CAD group (339.8 vs. 322.4 pg/ml, P = 0.012). Moreover, a stepwise increase in serum WISP1 levels was observed with the number of diseased vessels (zero-vessel, one-vessel, two-vessel, and three-vessel disease: 322.4, 324.7, 345.4, and 392.1 pg/ml, respectively, P < 0.001) or Gensini score (r = 0.376, P < 0.001). Importantly, serum WISP1 levels were positively associated with the presence of CAD ( β = 1.011, 95% confidence interval: 1.001-1.021, P = 0.026). This association persisted after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( β = 1.011, 95% confidence interval: 1.000-1.021, P = 0.047). In addition, serum WISP1 concentrations were positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.212, P = 0.020), insulin (r = 0.237, P = 0.009), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (r = 0.223, P = 0.014). We demonstrated for the first time that serum WISP1 concentration is associated with the presence and severity of CAD. |
india
Updated: Sep 13, 2019 14:38 IST
The announcement by Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal of the return of the Odd-Even plan, a vehicle rationing scheme, drew first criticism from Union Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari who said such a plan was not needed.
“No I don’t think it is needed. The Ring Road we have built has significantly reduced pollution in the city and our planned schemes will free Delhi of pollution in the next two years,” said Gadkari as quoted by ANI.
Earlier today, Kejriwal announced the scheme which will be implemented in the national capital after Diwali, from November 4 to 15.
A flagship scheme of the AAP government is aimed at combating pollution and was first implemented in 2015. The scheme entails cars with odd and even number plates to run on alternate days.
While the BJP leader criticized him, Kejriwal showered praise on Prime Minister Narendra Modi for the Motor Vehicles Act implemented recently, saying that the new law has brought a lot of improvement in the traffic situation in the country.
“There has been an improvement in Delhi’s traffic ever since the new Motor Vehicle Act has been implemented. If there is any clause due to which people are facing more problem and we have the power reduce the fine then we will certainly do it,” the Chief Minister said while addressing a press conference here.
His statement comes at a time when several states, including PM Modi’s home state Gujarat, have publicly stated that they plan to reduce the hefty fines imposed under the Act.
(This story has been published from a wire agency feed without modifications to the text.) |
// @recipe bin
$warnings no-unused
$generate-c
// @file{file1}
module test;
public func i32 foo() @(section="ctest") {
return 1;
}
func i32 bar() @(section="ctest") {
return 2;
}
public func i32 main(i32 argc, const i8** argv)
{
return 0;
}
// @expect{atleast, build/test.h}
__attribute__((section("ctest"))) int32_t test_foo();
// @expect{atleast, build/test.c}
__attribute__((section("ctest"))) int32_t test_foo() {
return 1;
}
__attribute__((section("ctest"))) static int32_t test_bar() {
return 2;
}
|
Q:
DropdownList with Selection and Clear Option (Glyphicon remove circle)?
I want to approach the below criteria:
showing the list of possible options when list is expanded and ability to clear the selected value by providing clear option next to the selected value.Any Idea how to get on this one? (Attached are images for reference)
Opening my List of item when clicking on glyphicon:
After Selected any one of the item, I need some thing like the below image
I am not sure how to approach this one in dropdownlist or if there is any control to get on this one!!!
A:
You can insert a glyphicon when you change the text of the dropdown. And then reset the dropdown's text when the glyphicon is clicked.
Since you have went through the trouble of creating a custom styled dropdown so that everything fits in little panels, I am assuming you use it so this was made to fit in with them. If you want to use for other styles, you'll need to play with widths and positioning so that they don't overlap.
JsFiddle
Javascript
$(document.body).on('click', '.dropdown-menu li', function (event) {
var $target = $(event.currentTarget),
$bg = $target.closest('.btn-group');
$bg.find('[data-bind="label"]').text($target.text())
.end()
.children('.dropdown-toggle').dropdown('toggle');
if (!$bg.next("i.deselect").length) {
$("<i class='glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle deselect'>").insertAfter($bg);
$bg.width($bg.width() - 25);
}
return false;
});
$(document).on("click", "i.deselect", function () {
var $bg = $(this).prev(".btn-group");
$bg.width($bg.width() + 25)
.find('[data-bind="label"]').text("Select One");
$(this).remove();
});
CSS
.btn-input {
display: block;
}
.btn-input .btn.form-control {
text-align: left;
}
.btn-input .btn.form-control span:first-child {
left: 10px;
overflow: hidden;
position: absolute;
right: 25px;
}
.btn-input .btn.form-control .caret {
margin-top: -1px;
position: absolute;
right: 10px;
top: 50%;
}
i.deselect {
float: right;
margin: -26px -5px 0 0;
cursor: pointer;
font-size: 16px;
}
|
---
title: Atom Packages
---
### Atom Packages
First we'll start with the Atom package system. As we mentioned previously, Atom itself is a very basic core of functionality that ships with a number of useful packages that add new features like the [Tree View](https://github.com/atom/tree-view) and the [Settings View](https://github.com/atom/settings-view).
In fact, there are more than 80 packages that comprise all of the functionality that is available in Atom by default. For example, the [Welcome screen](https://github.com/atom/welcome) that you see when you first start Atom, the [spell checker](https://github.com/atom/spell-check), the [themes](https://github.com/atom/one-dark-ui) and the [Fuzzy Finder](https://github.com/atom/fuzzy-finder) are all packages that are separately maintained and all use the same APIs that you have access to, as we'll see in great detail in [Hacking Atom](/hacking-atom/).
This means that packages can be incredibly powerful and can change everything from the very look and feel of the entire interface to the basic operation of even core functionality.
In order to install a new package, you can use the Install tab in the now familiar Settings View. Open up the Settings View using <kbd class="platform-mac">Cmd+,</kbd><kbd class="platform-windows platform-linux">Ctrl+,</kbd>, click on the "Install" tab and type your search query into the box under Install Packages.
The packages listed here have been published to https://atom.io/packages which is the official registry for Atom packages. Searching on the Settings View will go to the Atom package registry and pull in anything that matches your search terms.
All of the packages will come up with an "Install" button. Clicking that will download the package and install it. Your editor will now have the functionality that the package provides.
#### Package Settings
Once a package is installed in Atom, it will show up in the Settings View under the "Packages" tab, along with all the preinstalled packages that come with Atom. To filter the list in order to find one, you can type into search box directly under the "Installed Packages" heading.
Clicking on the "Settings" button for a package will give you the settings screen for that package specifically. Here you have the option of changing some of the default variables for the package, seeing what all the command keybindings are, disabling the package temporarily, looking at the source code, seeing the current version of the package, reporting issues and uninstalling the package.
If a new version of any of your packages is released, Atom will automatically detect it and you can upgrade the package from either this screen or from the "Updates" tab. This helps you easily keep all your installed packages up to date.
#### Atom Themes
You can also find and install new themes for Atom from the Settings View. These can be either UI themes or syntax themes and you can search for them from the "Install" tab, just like searching for new packages. Make sure to press the "Themes" toggle next to the search box.
Clicking on the theme title will take you to a profile page for the theme on atom.io, which often has a screenshot of the theme. This way you can see what it looks like before installing it.
Clicking on "Install" will install the theme and make it available in the Theme dropdowns as we saw in [Changing the Theme](/getting-started/sections/atom-basics/#changing-the-theme).
#### Command Line
You can also install packages or themes from the command line using `apm`.
{{#tip}}
Check that you have `apm` installed by running the following command in your terminal:
``` command-line
$ apm help install
```
You should see a message print out with details about the `apm install` command.
If you do not, see the [Installing Atom section](/getting-started/sections/installing-atom) for instructions on how to install the `atom` and `apm` commands for your system.
{{/tip}}
You can also install packages by using the `apm install` command:
* `apm install <package_name>` to install the latest version.
* `apm install <package_name>@<package_version>` to install a specific version.
For example `apm install emmet@0.1.5` installs the `0.1.5` release of the [Emmet](https://github.com/atom/emmet) package.
You can also use `apm` to find new packages to install. If you run `apm search`, you can search the package registry for a search term.
``` command-line
$ apm search coffee
> Search Results For 'coffee' (29)
> ├── build-coffee Atom Build provider for coffee, compiles CoffeeScript (1160 downloads, 2 stars)
> ├── scallahan-coffee-syntax A coffee inspired theme from the guys over at S.CALLAHAN (183 downloads, 0 stars)
> ├── coffee-paste Copy/Paste As : Js ➤ Coffee / Coffee ➤ Js (902 downloads, 4 stars)
> ├── atom-coffee-repl Coffee REPL for Atom Editor (894 downloads, 2 stars)
> ├── coffee-navigator Code navigation panel for Coffee Script (3493 downloads, 22 stars)
> ...
> ├── language-iced-coffeescript Iced coffeescript for atom (202 downloads, 1 star)
> └── slontech-syntax Dark theme for web developers ( HTML, CSS/LESS, PHP, MYSQL, javascript, AJAX, coffee, JSON ) (2018 downloads, 3 stars)
```
You can use `apm view` to see more information about a specific package.
``` command-line
$ apm view build-coffee
> build-coffee
> ├── 0.6.4
> ├── https://github.com/idleberg/atom-build-coffee
> ├── Atom Build provider for coffee, compiles CoffeeScript
> ├── 1152 downloads
> └── 2 stars
>
> Run `apm install build-coffee` to install this package.
```
|
Q:
Contraction mapping with no fixed point
I am interested in constructing the following "counter-example" to the Banach's fixed point theorem.
Let $K=$ {$ g\in L_1: \|g\|=1, g(\cdot)\ge0 $}.
Clearly, $K$ is not a compact and $K$ is not closed.
My A question is: is it possible to construct a [edit] nonexpansive mapping $f: K\to K$ with no fixed point? ( i.e. a mapping $f$ such that [edit] for all $x\neq y\in K$ one has $\|f(x)-f(y)\| < \|x-y\|$. )
A:
There need not be a fixed point. First note that by composing with a conditional expectation onto the closed span of indicator functions of disjoint sets it is sufficient to build an example on $W:=\{x\in \ell_1 : x_i \ge 0, \sum x_i =1\}$. Given $x\in W$, define $y=Tx \in W$ by $y_1=0$, $y_2 = x_1/2$, and, for $k\ge 2$, $y_{k+1} = y_k/2 + x_{k+1}/2$. It is obvious that $T$ is nonexpansive. The inequality $\|Tx-Ty\|<\|x-y\|$ when $x\not= y$ follows from the fact that if $x\not= y$ there are coordinates $i$ and $j$ s.t. $x_i<y_i$ and $x_j>y_j$.
|
In a typical season, there are a dozen named storms, which have winds of at least 39 mph; six hurricanes, with maximum winds of at least 74 mph; and three major hurricanes, with at least 111 mph winds...
However, creeks and streams continue to run high and light rain will continue through tonight . Cooper went live on Facebook with the video at 7:57 p.m., with the footage lasting 1 minute and 44 seco...
The California congressman added that he is skeptical Flynn would be granted immunity in exchange for his testimony and information, something the former national security adviser has requested from t...
He described House Speaker Paul Ryan and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell as having chosen to "Velcro their own political fate" to the president. The aforementioned Trump supporter I had the d...
Expressing optimism that a peace deal could finally be brokered to end the almost 70-year-old conflict and suggested a resolution may not be hard to obtain it. Speaking on Israeli television, Justice ...
No damage has been reported, but officials have been limited in their investigation. Part of California's famed Pacific Coast Highway is covered in dirt and rocks after a landslide covered the highw...
The sheriff told KARE 11's Jay Olstad in a text Tuesday night that there were still people "unaccounted" for, and that they will continue searching in the morning "if people are not located". He says ...
In the meantime, the city will monitor 311 complaints, @ placardabuse (someone pay this hero), and other online forums for "information we can use" in enforcement, the mayor said. Even as de Blasio ...
The California congressman added that he is skeptical Flynn would be granted immunity in exchange for his testimony and information, something the former national security adviser has requested from t...
With Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his wife, Sara, walking along side, the president appears to reach back for his wife's hand. Whoopi Goldberg joked that perhaps Trump was trying to...
Holder Jr. and directed his federal prosecutors Thursday to charge defendants with the most serious, provable crimes carrying the most severe penalties. The AG said his maneuver is simply an attempt...
Wednesday's report also estimates that the GOP bill would raise premiums over time for people who are less healthy in states that seek and receive the controversial waivers from rules enforcing the ...
In these states, people on the individual market "who are less healthy would ultimately be unable to purchase comprehensive non group health insurance at premiums comparable to those under current l...
According to the audio tape, the confrontation began as Jacobs tried to ask Gianforte if he still supported a Republican healthcare overhaul bill after the Congressional Budget Office found the meas...
Events
During a recent meeting with Republicans , the president revealed that it was alright if the Senate didn't pass the bill in question. It's a very complicated subject. McConnell's decision to delay the vote comes a day after the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimated that 22 million Americans would lose or drop health care coverage over the next decade under the GOP plan, as compared to current law.
Edition choice
A few weeks ago it was announced that ABC was to remake the hit 1981 series The Greatest American Hero with a new female lead. While there's no telling if the The Greatest American Hero pilot will make it to series, having Simone on board is sure to pique people's interests.
Gymnast Aly Raisman posed nude for Sports Illustrated's annual swimsuit issue but with a #MeToo-inspired twist. She adds that women don't have to be "modest to be respected". "Everyone should feel comfortable expressing themselves however makes them happy", Raisman said in a statement about her photo shoot. In November, after critics denounced her 2017 semi-nude photo shoot, Raisman fired back.
Though Stante failed to qualify in the event, ranking at No. 25, he still managed to garner some attention and get people outside Philly and the United States talking about rapper Meek Mill's prison sentence. Unnamed sources told Philly.com that Reginald V. Graham, a now-retired cop who arrested Mill in 2007, is among the names on the list. It's alleged now-retired officer Reginald Graham "lied as to almost every material fact in his testimony at trial". |
News
Bruins News
Seth Griffith Knows What It Takes
by
Staff Writer
/ Boston Bruins
BostonBruins.com - Bruins prospect forward Seth Griffith knows hard it is to win and win consistently. However, being a key member of a team that won twenty five games and came close to winning the Memorial Cup in the Ontario Hockey League has given Griffith a taste of what it takes to win and that will certainly help in his development as a player.
Griffith was taken in the fifth round of the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. This past year the Wallaceburg, Ontario native was tied for second on the London Knights in goals (33) and tied for first in assists (48) in 54 games played. His team won the OHL Championship (J. Ross Robertson Cup) against fellow prospect Anthony Camara’s Barrie Colts and went two and three in the Memorial Cup Tournament, which features teams from across the Canadian junior leagues.
Although his team fell short, Griffith stepped it up in the playoffs leading his team in goals (3) and assists (3) and registered at least one point in the five Memorial Cup games he played. For the whole playoffs, including the OHL playoffs, Griffith registered 9 goals and 16 assists for 25 points in only 21 games.
Reflecting on this experience, Griffith said, “Yeah it was great. I think the best organization in the OHL and maybe the CHL just from what I’ve heard and what I’ve been around so far. A lot of great coaches and that’s just one small step in why we went on a twenty five game winning streak. We were one win away from a CHL record, an Ontario Hockey League record so we just fell short.”
“Our main goal in the end was to win another OHL championship and we did that. I guess we just fell short of getting the Memorial Cup but it was a great experience for me again too.”
Now in his second development camp, Griffith is looking forward to taking the next step in his development. However, although he has found out how to score consistently and step up big for his team in juniors, Griffith knows that as you move up the competition only increases.
“I think me and my trainers back home we were just working on still getting faster,” said Griffith about what he needs to improve on. “My skating’s come a long way since my first year of juniors. I’m still improving on that and just overall strength. Playing against men here so it’s a lot different than playing in juniors so we just got to work on overall strength and stability and I’ll be fine.”
Like so many forwards in the Bruins development camp, Griffith models his game after Patrice Bergeron.
“On Boston, Patrice Bergeron,” said Griffith smiling. “He plays an all-around game. He’s out there in all situations power play, penalty kill he’s out there, for a crucial draw or something like that. He’s definitely one guy that I look after to play an all-around game.”
What is the next step for Griffith? Having had a successful year in juniors, he is hoping to take the next step into the professional leagues like Anthony Camara may make in the Fall.
Griffith said, “Yeah I definitely want to play for the Providence Bruins. That’s what I’ve been looking for all year. At the same time, hopefully I can get a couple games in with the Bruins.
“You look at what Spooner and Krug did and stuff like that, that’s what I’m going to try and do for next year and hopefully I will play at that.”
Although Griffith appears ready to make the jump to tougher competition, Providence Bruins Head Coach Bruce Cassidy stressed patience for all of the prospects saying, “He’s got to find his own pace and hopefully it’s quick for everyone’s benefit, but it doesn’t always work that way. We know that so you take your time and they go at their own pace.”
“We try to accelerate that, obviously, but you see it at every level—sorry on every team different guys develop at different stages and we just want to make sure we do our best to make him a player that the Boston Bruins can use at some point.”
Wherever he plays in the fall, Griffith has the potential to step up and play a huge role when it matters most. And the Bruins can definitely use a player like that. |
HIV LTR-dependent expression of Bax selectively induces apoptosis in Tat-positive cells.
HIV integrates into the host cell genome where it persists for the life of the cell. One approach to reducing viral burden is to selectively eliminate cells containing integrated provirus early following infection. We have used the HIV LTR promoter to selectively express transgenes in human cells positive for the HIV transactivator protein Tat. Transient transfection of Jurkat cells, or Jurkat cells stably expressing Tat (Jurkat-Tat), with a LTR construct containing luciferase reporter gene resulted in a 37-fold increase in gene expression when Tat was present. We have demonstrated that when pro-apoptotic Bax was used as the transgene, cytotoxicity was seen only in the Jurkat-Tat cells. Annexin-V staining indicated that Bax induced cell death by apoptosis. In mixed populations of Jurkat and Jurkat-Tat cells, the LTR-Bax construct was selectively cytotoxic to the Tat-positive cells. These results suggest that Bax under the control of the HIV LTR can be used to destroy cells harbouring HIV without affecting uninfected cells. |
Q:
Operation is not allowed when the object is closed
I am facing an error on the web page that I am working on. The problem is when I try to open up the web page: www.ice-tech.com It loads fine, but when you try to refresh it, it crashes.
You can see the error itself on-line. Can someone help me?
A:
I see the following code failing:
Line 36: If ConnectCount = 0 Then
Line 37: ' Close the Connection
Line 38: Conn.Close()
Line 39: Conn = Nothing
Line 40: End If
Looks like you are closing a connection that has already been closed. Check the Conncetion.State before closing it (again).
For more information see ConnectionState Enumeration.
Possible solution:
If ConnectCount = 0 And Conn.State == ConnectionState.Open Then
' Close the Connection
Conn.Close()
Conn = Nothing
End If
|
FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
March 30, 2016
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
TENTH CIRCUIT Clerk of Court
LISA LEDERHOS SWEESY, Trustee
and Conservator of the El Dean
Lederhos Living Trust,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. Nos. 14-2016; 14-2094
(D.C. No. 1:13-CV-01027-WJ-LAM)
SUN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY (D.N.M.)
OF CANADA (USA); FIDELITY &
GUARANTY LIFE INSURANCE
COMPANY, f/k/a Americom Life and
Annuity Insurance Company,
Defendants-Appellees,
and
LAURA GENIEVA DAVALOS;
JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE
INSURANCE COMPANY, d/b/a
Jackson National Life Distributors,
LLC; DOES 1–3,
Defendants.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before TYMKOVICH, Chief Judge, GORSUCH and HOLMES, Circuit Judges.
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited,
however, for its persuasive value consistent with Federal Rule of Appellate
Procedure 32.1 and Tenth Circuit Rule 32.1.
Plaintiff-Appellant Lisa Lederhos Sweesy appeals from the district court’s
orders granting motions to dismiss filed by Defendants-Appellees Sun Life
Assurance Company (“Sun Life”) and Fidelity & Guaranty Life Insurance
Company (“FG”). Ms. Sweesy brought claims of fraud, elder abuse, unjust
enrichment, and breach of fiduciary duty in her role as the conservator and
successor trustee of the El Dean Lederhos Living Trust (“Lederhos Trust”). On
appeal, Ms. Sweesy argues that the district court erred in dismissing her claims as
time-barred under the four-year limitations period specified in N.M. Stat. Ann.
§ 37-1-4. She also contends that the district court erred in declining to afford her
the benefit of the doctrine of equitable tolling. Exercising jurisdiction under 28
U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm the district court’s dismissal of Ms. Sweesy’s claims.
I
In the early 2000s, Defendant Laura Davalos commenced a series of
business transactions with Ms. Sweesy’s sixty-six-year-old father, El Dean
Lederhos. Mr. Lederhos was apparently the original trustee of the Lederhos
Trust. 1 Ms. Davalos, duly licensed as an insurance agent in California and New
1
The amended complaint—i.e., the operative pleading here—is not
clear regarding the structure of the Lederhos Trust or the precise circumstances
under which Ms. Sweesey came to be the successor Trustee. However, the
district court inferred from the amended complaint’s averments that Mr. Lederhos
was the original trustee of the Lederhos Trust. Ms. Sweesey has not disputed this
inference. Accordingly, we accept this inference as well.
2
Mexico, held herself out to Mr. Lederhos as a representative of Sun Life, FG, and
Jackson National Life Insurance Company (“Jackson National”). Purporting to
act in that capacity, Ms. Davalos sold Mr. Lederhos several annuities issued by
these insurers. Mr. Lederhos was relatively financially secure at the outset of
their business relationship; in this regard, he had “fully paid for” his California
home and “had sufficient personal funds for retirement.” Aplt. App. at 24 (First
Am. Compl., filed Oct. 23, 2013).
Over the next several years, Ms. Davalos allegedly “solicited, induced and
accepted loans [and] monetary gifts . . . in the form of personal checks” from Mr.
Lederhos, “all while [he] was suffering from the onset of dementia and
Alzheimer’s [D]isease.” Id. at 26. She relocated to New Mexico during that time
period and allegedly used “proceeds that she had received from churning the
Lederhos accounts” to purchase property. Id. at 27. Ms. Davalos continued to
accept wire-transferred funds from Mr. Lederhos until approximately May of
2008. According to Ms. Sweesy, by that point, Mr. Lederhos had lost his home
and most of his savings.
On June 19, 2008, Philip Sweesy (Ms. Sweesy’s husband) filed a “Report
of Suspected Violation” on Mr. Lederhos’s behalf with the California Department
of Insurance (“CDOI”), citing the following problems:
The agent [i.e., Ms. Davalos] has methodically defrauded the
complainant [i.e., Mr. Lederhos] of over $600,000 beginning in
2001. Complainant is 73 years old, the agent has charged to the
3
complainant[’]s charge card without authorization, has filled out
withdraw paperwork from the insurance annuities she wrote and
taken the money as “loans.” Helped the complainant obtain a
home loan on his free and clear home and took the money as a
“loan[.]” Has had the complainant wire over $83,000 to her bank
in [New Mexico] over the last year over and above the $250,000
she obtained from the complainant[’]s home loan. . . . At this
time we only know of about $600,000 that is missing[;] it looks
like there may be more.
Id. at 121 (Report of Suspected Violation, filed June 19, 2008); see also id. at 120
(providing complainant name of Dean Lederhos). In addition, the report urged
that the insurers “should be held responsible for [Ms. Davalos’s] actions.” Id. at
121. The CDOI investigated the Davalos-Lederhos transactions and, based on its
findings, revoked Ms. Davalos’s California insurance license in October of 2010.
During the pendency of the CDOI’s investigation—specifically, on July 30,
2009—Mr. Lederhos passed away. His death certificate specified the cause of
death as acute hemorrhagic stroke. Ms. Sweesy later became the conservator of
the Lederhos Trust.
On May 21, 2013, Ms. Sweesy filed a complaint in New Mexico state court,
bringing several claims against Ms. Davalos, the three insurers (i.e., Sun Life,
FG, and Jackson National), and “Does 1 through 3.” Id. at 10 (Compl., filed May
21, 2013). Her lawsuit was predicated on the notion that Ms. Davalos swindled
Mr. Lederhos into purchasing annuities from the insurers. While still in state
court, Ms. Sweesey amended her complaint. Several months later, Sun Life
removed the action to federal court on diversity grounds, and then sought
4
dismissal of the action on November 7, 2013.
In support of its motion to dismiss, Sun Life argued that Ms. Sweesy’s
claims were barred by New Mexico’s four-year limitations period. See N.M. Stat.
Ann. § 37-1-4. Sun Life contended that Mr. Lederhos should have discovered the
basis for any claim against Sun Life by 2008 “at the latest,” Aplt. App. at 74 (Sun
Life Mot. to Dismiss, filed Nov. 7, 2013), and that the May 21, 2013, filing of her
lawsuit postdated New Mexico’s limitations deadline. Shortly thereafter, FG also
moved to dismiss for substantially the same reasons.
In 2014, the district court granted the dismissal motions filed by Sun Life
and FG. The court applied New Mexico’s discovery rule for claim accrual (which
we discuss below) by inquiring into Mr. Lederhos’s knowledge of the pertinent
facts; it observed that Ms. Sweesy—who was prosecuting the suit in a
representative capacity, as successor trustee and conservator of her father’s
trust—had “provide[d] no binding precedent which demonstrate[d] that her
personal knowledge of the claims [wa]s the proper standard.” Id. at 192 (Mem.
Op. & Order on Sun Life Mot., filed Jan. 6, 2014) (emphasis added); see id. at
231 (Mem. Op. & Order on FG Mot., filed Mar. 12, 2014) (“[T]he Court has
already ruled that for the purposes of the discovery rule, Mr. Lederhos’
knowledge not Plaintiff’s knowledge is the relevant consideration . . . .”).
Viewing the limitations issue thusly, the court ruled that all claims against Sun
Life and FG for injuries to the Lederhos Trust accrued by December 31, 2008, at
5
the very latest; therefore, Ms. Sweesy’s failure to file suit by December 31, 2012
(i.e., four years later) rendered the action untimely. The court also determined
that equitable tolling was unavailable to Ms. Sweesy under the circumstances of
this case.
Ms. Sweesy filed timely notices of appeal to challenge both dismissal
orders. We consolidated the two appeals for our review. 2
2
It is axiomatic that, without a proper certification under Federal Rule
of Civil Procedure 54(b), “any order, however designated, which adjudicates
fewer than all of the claims or the liabilities of all of the parties, is not a final
appealable order.” Atiya v. Salt Lake Cty., 988 F.2d 1013, 1016 (10th Cir. 1993).
Regrettably, Ms. Sweesy did not initially take heed of this proposition; her efforts
at piecemeal appellate litigation engendered a jurisdictional imbroglio. For
clarity’s sake, we pause to very briefly summarize the procedural circumstances
that gave rise to our jurisdictional concerns and the basis for our appellate
jurisdiction. Sun Life’s motion to dismiss was the first filed and granted by the
district court. In response, Ms. Sweesy initially sought to appeal from the court’s
dismissal order involving only Sun Life. In contemplation of filing this appeal,
Ms. Sweesy had moved the court to dismiss Jackson National without prejudice,
and the court had granted the motion. FG, however, remained a defendant in the
action. On the other hand, nominal defendants Ms. Davalos and the Does 1–3 had
not been served; Ms. Sweesy filed a notice of voluntary dismissal without
prejudice with respect to them. FG subsequently filed a motion to dismiss on
statute-of-limitations grounds, and the court granted the motion. The court then
purported to enter final judgment.
From the beginning, the posture of the district court litigation caused our
court to question the foundation for appellate jurisdiction. Indeed, shortly after
Ms. Sweesy filed her notice of appeal relative to only the district court’s
disposition of Sun Life’s motion to dismiss, our clerk’s office expressed
concern—through a show-cause order—regarding this court’s jurisdiction over
Ms. Sweesy’s appeal; the appeal clearly did not appear to arise from a district
court adjudication of all claims regarding all parties, given that FG was still
litigating before the district court. Then, after the district court ruled on FG’s
motion to dismiss and purported to enter a final judgment, our clerk’s office again
(continued...)
6
II
We review Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal orders de novo, employing the same
standard used by the district court. See Corder v. Lewis Palmer Sch. Dist. No. 38,
566 F.3d 1219, 1223 (10th Cir. 2009); Teigen v. Renfrow, 511 F.3d 1072, 1078
(10th Cir. 2007). “We can affirm on any grounds supported by the record.” Stan
2
(...continued)
(through another show-cause order) sounded a jurisdictional alarm. In particular,
it noted that the court’s dismissal of Jackson Life—a served party—had been
without prejudice. In this regard, our caselaw is clear that “when a plaintiff
voluntarily requests dismissal of her remaining claims without prejudice in order
to appeal from an order that dismisses another claim with prejudice, . . . the order
is not ‘final’ for purposes of [28 U.S.C.] § 1291.” Cook v. Rocky Mountain Bank
Note Co., 974 F.2d 147, 148 (10th Cir. 1992); accord Heimann v. Snead, 133 F.3d
767, 769 (10th Cir. 1998) (per curiam); see also Eastom v. City of Tulsa, 783 F.3d
1181, 1184 (10th Cir. 2015).
Ultimately, the district court did enter a Rule 54(b) certification. See Aplt.
App. at 252–53 (54(b) J., filed May 6, 2014) (noting, inter alia, that “there is
nothing further that can be done by the District Court in this case,” and “the most
expeditious manner of bringing this case to a complete and full resolution is to
allow Plaintiff the opportunity to appeal . . . the District Court’s ruling on the
statute of limitations issue”; and, in conclusion, stating, “the Court expressly
determines that there is no just reason to delay an appeal of the Court’s orders
dismissing Defendants Sun Life and [FG] with prejudice”). And we conclude that
the district court’s rulings have “put[ ] the litigants ‘effectively out of court’” on
the limitations issue, St. John v. Int’l Ass’n of Machinists & Aerospace Workers,
139 F.3d 1214, 1217 (8th Cir. 1998) (quoting Quackenbush v. Allstate Ins. Co.,
517 U.S. 706, 713 (1996)); accord Hyde Park Co. v. Santa Fe City Council, 226
F.3d 1207, 1209 n.1 (10th Cir. 2000), and that “the practical effect of the District
Court’s dismissal order[s] [on time-bar grounds] is the termination of the entire
case in Federal District Court,” Jicarilla Apache Tribe v. United States, 601 F.2d
1116, 1124 (10th Cir. 1979); accord Moya v. Schollenbarger, 465 F.3d 444, 453
(10th Cir. 2006). Ms. Sweesey thereafter filed a notice of appeal from the court’s
Rule 54(b) judgment—putting properly before us for the first time the court’s
disposition of FG’s motion to dismiss. Her two pending appeals were
consolidated for procedural purposes.
7
Lee Media, Inc. v. Walt Disney Co., 774 F.3d 1292, 1296 (10th Cir. 2014); accord
Elwell v. Byers, 699 F.3d 1208, 1213 (10th Cir. 2012); see also Farmer v. Banco
Popular of N. Am., 791 F.3d 1246, 1250 (10th Cir. 2015).
In our review, “[a]ll well-pleaded facts, as distinguished from conclusory
allegations, are accepted as true and viewed in the light most favorable to the
nonmoving party.” Teigen, 511 F.3d at 1078. We ultimately ask whether the
complaint is facially plausible—that is, whether it “contain[s] sufficient factual
matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’”
Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly,
550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)); accord Rosenfield v. HSBC Bank, USA, 681 F.3d
1172, 1178 (10th Cir. 2012). Our function at this stage “is not to weigh potential
evidence that the parties might present at trial, but to assess whether the
plaintiff’s amended complaint alone is legally sufficient to state a claim for which
relief may be granted.” Peterson v. Grisham, 594 F.3d 723, 727 (10th Cir. 2010)
(quoting Miller v. Glanz, 948 F.2d 1562, 1565 (10th Cir. 1991)); accord Brokers’
Choice of Am., Inc. v. NBC Universal, 757 F.3d 1125, 1135–36 (10th Cir. 2014).
“Generally, a district court must convert a motion to dismiss into a motion
for summary judgment when matters outside the pleadings are relied upon.” Utah
Gospel Mission v. Salt Lake City Corp., 425 F.3d 1249, 1253 (10th Cir. 2005);
accord Burnett v. Mortg. Elec. Registration Sys., Inc., 706 F.3d 1231, 1235 (10th
Cir. 2013). However, as relevant here, “[a] district court may consider documents
8
(1) referenced in a complaint that are (2) central to a plaintiff’s claims, and (3)
indisputably authentic when resolving a motion to dismiss without converting the
motion to one for summary judgment.” Thomas v. Kaven, 765 F.3d 1183, 1197
(10th Cir. 2014); accord Alvarado v. KOB-TV, LLC, 493 F.3d 1210, 1215 (10th
Cir. 2007). Matters of which the court is entitled to take judicial notice, such as
certain documents contained in the public record, may also be reviewed at the
motion-to-dismiss juncture without converting the filing into a motion for
summary judgment. See In re Gold Res. Corp. Sec. Litig., 776 F.3d 1103, 1108
(10th Cir. 2015); Binford v. United States, 436 F.3d 1252, 1256 n.7 (10th Cir.
2006).
III
A
In our view, the district court properly analyzed whether Ms. Sweesy’s
claims against Sun Life and FG are time-barred and correctly determined that they
are. We conclude, therefore, that Ms. Sweesy’s action was appropriately
dismissed for failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6).
9
1
New Mexico supplies the operative statute of limitations, 3 and we begin by
examining its terms. In New Mexico, actions founded upon “injuries to property
or for the conversion of personal property or for relief upon the ground of fraud”
must be brought within four years. 4 N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-4. The question of
“when a cause of action accrues under a statute of limitations is a judicial
3
“A federal court sitting in diversity applies state law for statute of
limitations purposes.” Burnham v. Humphrey Hosp. Reit Tr., Inc., 403 F.3d 709,
712 (10th Cir. 2005); accord Elm Ridge Expl. Co. v. Engle, 721 F.3d 1199, 1210
(10th Cir. 2013). Consequently, we apply New Mexico law to the limitations
question raised in this appeal.
4
In her Opening Brief, Ms. Sweesy intimates that, if the district court
properly focused its analysis under the discovery rule on her father’s knowledge,
it should have given her the benefit of New Mexico’s six-year statute of
limitations for written contracts, see N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-3, “given that [her
father] had privity of contract with each and every Defendant,” Aplt. Opening Br.
at 20. This contention is, to say the least, puzzling since Ms. Sweesy has never
asserted any contractual claims in this litigation and her claims sound in tort.
However, we need not explore this matter further because, for at least two
reasons, this argument is waived. First, Ms. Sweesy expressly and intentionally
acknowledged that the four-year statute of limitations of § 37-1-4 is the operative
one. See Aplt. App. 204 (“Plaintiff concedes the application of a four (4) year
statute of limitations . . . .”); see, e.g., United States v. Cruz Rodriguez, 570 F.3d
1179, 1182, 1184 (10th Cir. 2009) (where defendant “intentionally adopted a
litigation position [in the district court] that was fundamentally inconsistent with”
his appellate challenge, “conclud[ing] that [the defendant] waived appellate
review of this argument by his intentional litigation decisions before the district
court.”). Second, Ms. Sweesy’s contention is skeletal and conclusory—relying on
no legal authority—and, consequently, is waived through inadequate briefing.
See, e.g., United States v. Gordon, 710 F.3d 1124, 1144 n.22 (10th Cir. 2013)
(“As a general matter, his briefing on this issue is skeletal at best. We would be
justified in refusing to address it on that grounds alone.”); United States v.
Wilfong, 551 F.3d 1182, 1188 (10th Cir. 2008) (“We find that Mr. Wilfong has
waived his arguments due to inadequate briefing.”).
10
determination.” Roberts v. Sw. Cmty. Health Servs., 837 P.2d 442, 446 (N.M.
1992). “Because New Mexico follows the ‘discovery rule,’ the cause of action
does not accrue [for purposes of § 37-1-4] until the plaintiff discovers the fraud or
conversion.” Wilde v. Westland Dev. Co., 241 P.3d 628, 635 (N.M. Ct. App.
2010); see Gerke v. Romero, 237 P.3d 111, 114–15 (N.M. Ct. App. 2010)
(collecting cases). “Discovery,” in this context, means the point at which the
aggrieved party “discovers or with reasonable diligence should have discovered
that a claim exists.” Roberts, 837 P.2d at 449; see Salopek v. Friedman, 308 P.3d
139, 156 (N.M. Ct. App. 2013).
A court’s prime consideration in applying the discovery rule “is the factual,
not the legal, basis for the cause of action.” Christus St. Vincent Reg’l Med. Ctr.
v. Duarte-Afara, 267 P.3d 70, 77 (N.M. Ct. App. 2011) (quoting Coslett v. Third
St. Grocery, 876 P.2d 656, 664 (N.M. Ct. App. 1994)). “This means that ‘the
statute of limitations is not tolled because a claimant does not have knowledge of
the full extent of injury, but that the time period begins to run when the claimant
has knowledge of sufficient facts to constitute a cause of action.’” Yurcic v. City
of Gallup, 298 P.3d 500, 503 (N.M. Ct. App. 2013) (emphasis added) (quoting
Gerke, 237 P.3d at 115). Thus, New Mexico’s discovery rule “carries an inquiry
obligation.” Williams v. Stewart, 112 P.3d 281, 285 (N.M. Ct. App. 2005).
2
As pertinent here, in determining that Ms. Sweesy’s claims against Sun
11
Life were barred by the statutory limitations period, the district court opined that
New Mexico’s claim-accrual jurisprudence required it to ask “when Mr. Lederhos
‘discovered’ the claim.” Aplt. App. at 191. It likewise found that Ms. Sweesy’s
knowledge (as opposed to Mr. Lederhos’s knowledge) was not the appropriate
touchstone for its analysis. Ms. Sweesy was not suing in her own right (i.e., for
some alleged personal injury) but rather as the successor trustee and conservator
of the Lederhos Trust; consequently, according to the court, she was standing in
the shoes of Mr. Lederhos for purposes of the litigation. In this regard, the court
noted that “at least some of the claims accrued while Mr. Lederhos was still alive
and acting as the trustee.” Id. at 191–92. And it further explained, “New Mexico
courts have held that where a party’s right to recovery is based upon ‘standing in
the shoes’ of another party, the statute of limitations for the party with the
derivative right to recovery begins to run when the first party’s claim accrues.”
Id. at 192. On the record before it—with an eye toward the amended complaint’s
allegation that Mr. Lederhos had lost his home and a large portion of his savings
“[b]y 2008,” id. at 27—the court ruled that any cause of action against Sun Life
for injuries to Mr. Lederhos (i.e., the Lederhos Trust) “accrued no later than
December 31, 2008,” id. at 193. Consequently, the court concluded, the four-year
limitations period set forth in § 37-1-4 expired on December 31, 2012—more than
five months prior to the filing of Ms. Sweesy’s complaint.
Later, the court applied a like rationale in deeming Ms. Sweesy’s claims
12
against FG time-barred under the same statute. Specifically, it rejected Ms.
Sweesy’s contention that “she . . . did not have sufficient knowledge” to trigger
the running of the limitations clock “until after the [CDOI] completed its
investigation [of] Ms. Davalos in 2010.” Id. at 231. The court reiterated its
previous ruling that “for the purposes of the discovery rule, Mr. Lederhos’
knowledge not [Ms. Sweesy’s] knowledge is the relevant consideration.” Id.
Moreover, it did not deviate from its earlier stance that the end of 2008
commenced the four-year accrual period, stating in that respect that “New Mexico
law is clear that a plaintiff need not know the full extent of her injuries . . . for
her claims to accrue.” Id.
The district court then acknowledged Ms. Sweesy’s late-blooming argument
that Mr. Lederhos’s dementia called for an atypical discovery-rule analysis. In
rebutting FG’s motion to dismiss, Ms. Sweesy had averred for the first time that it
was “clear . . . during the[ ] critical times”—i.e., “between April 21, 2006 and
May 29, 2008”—that Mr. Lederhos “was mentally incapacitated so much so that it
would be impossible for anyone . . . to establish what kind of knowledge [he]
possessed to satisfy the applicable statute of limitations.” Id. at 210 (Pl.’s Resp.
to FG Mot., filed Feb. 18, 2014). But the court was not persuaded, and it
explained its reasoning as follows:
Plaintiff . . . makes the argument that because Mr. Lederhos was
suffering from dementia due to Alzheimer’s, no knowledge of
any claims can be imputed to him. However, that is simply not
the law on incapacitation. New Mexico law protects those who
13
are incapacitated, and therefore may not “discover” a claim, by
tolling the statute of limitations for one year after the end of their
disability. New Mexico law, however, does not state that if one
is incapacitated to the point that [he] cannot discover a potential
claim[] that the statute of limitation does not begin to run until
[he is] no longer incapacitated. . . . Thus, Plaintiff’s arguments
regarding Mr. Lederhos’ Alzheimer’s even in the light most
favorable to Plaintiff do not make her claims timely.
Id. at 231–32 (citations omitted).
3
On appeal, Ms. Sweesy reasons that the district court erred by focusing on
the facts and circumstances known to Mr. Lederhos (as opposed to the facts and
circumstances known to her) when it determined that the operative date of
discovery of the claims was the end of 2008. The dispositive inquiry under Ms.
Sweesy’s formulation of New Mexico’s discovery rule would be when “Lisa
Sweesy knew or should have known about possible allegations against the
[insurers],” Aplt. Opening Br. at 29 (emphasis added)—or, alternatively
(assuming arguendo that Mr. Lederhos’s awareness is the appropriate
touchstone), when a hypothetical reasonable person suffering from Alzheimer’s
Disease knew or should have known of the factual basis for filing suit, see id. at
22 (“[T]he standard isn’t just a ‘reasonable person’[;] it is a reasonable person
operating under the same conditions and circumstances which have never been
demonstrated in this case.”).
During oral argument, relative to her alternative contention, Ms. Sweesy
explicitly characterized this case as one involving an issue of first impression: the
14
correct application of New Mexico’s discovery rule under § 37-1-4 “in a situation
where the reasonable person is suffering from dementia.” Oral Arg. at 0:34.
Reduced to its essence, her position is that New Mexico’s discovery rule requires
a court to utilize a subjective, not an objective, inquiry when determining if § 37-
1-4’s four-year limitations period has expired.
We reject Ms. Sweesy’s contentions for the reasons explicated below.
4
a
To reprise, the statute of limitations for Ms. Sweesy’s claims against Sun
Life and FG instructs that “[actions] . . . brought for injuries to property or for the
conversion of personal property or for relief upon the ground of fraud . . . [must
be brought] within four years.” N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-4. This provision is
considered a “catch-all statute of limitations.” Polaco v. Prudencio, 242 P.3d
439, 440 (N.M. Ct. App. 2010).
New Mexico courts have long espoused the view that “[s]tatutes of
limitation begin to run against everyone . . . when the cause of action accrues.”
Slade v. Slade, 468 P.2d 627, 631 (N.M. 1970) (emphasis added); accord Gomez
v. Chavarria, 206 P.3d 157, 160 (N.M. Ct. App. 2009). Ms Sweesy filed suit in
the course of “administer[ing] the estate of a[n] . . . adult individual,” N.M. Stat.
15
Ann. § 46A-1-103(E) (defining “conservator”)—namely, Mr. Lederhos. 5 Thus, as
the district court properly observed, Ms. Sweesy “stands in the shoes of Mr.
Lederhos for the purposes of this lawsuit.” Aplt. App. at 192; see Garcia v.
Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, 156 P.3d 712, 714 (N.M. Ct. App. 2007)
(“Standing in the shoes of the . . . Estate by virtue of an assignment of rights,
Plaintiff sued Underwriters . . . for . . . violations of the [New Mexico] Unfair
Insurance Practices Act . . . .”); see also Restatement (Second) of Trusts § 280
cmt. h (1959) (noting that a trustee “can proceed in [an] action [against a third
party] as though [s]he were the owner of the claim which [s]he is enforcing”).
Surveying “decisions of [New Mexico] courts,” In re Dittmar, 618 F.3d
1199, 1204 (10th Cir. 2010) (quoting Boehme v. U.S. Postal Serv., 343 F.3d 1260,
1264 (10th Cir. 2003)), resolving derivative (i.e., stands-in-the-shoes) claims, we
are guided by New Mexico’s insurance jurisprudence, where it is commonplace
for litigants to be deemed standing in the shoes of others, see Health Plus of
N.M., Inc. v. Harrell, 958 P.2d 1239, 1243 (N.M. Ct. App. 1998) (“By standing in
the shoes of the insured, the insurance company has the same rights . . . as the
insured.”); accord Salas v. Mountain States Mut. Cas. Co., 173 P.3d 35, 41 (N.M.
Ct. App. 2007); see also Am. Gen. Fire & Cas. Co. v. J.T. Constr. Co., 740 P.2d
1179, 1181 (N.M. Ct. App. 1987) (“[P]laintiff received an assignment of, and its
5
A trustee “includes an original trustee, an additional trustee, a
successor trustee and a co-trustee.” N.M. Stat. Ann. § 46A-1-103(T).
16
complaint relies on, the worker’s [i.e., the insured’s] cause of action.”). In this
milieu, the discovery rule operates such that “[t]he statute of limitations begins to
run on [the subrogee’s] action against the third party tortfeasor when the
insured’s cause of action arises.” Health Plus, 958 P.2d at 1243 (emphasis
added); accord Salas, 173 P.3d at 43. The insured’s knowledge (not the subrogee
insurer’s knowledge) of the factual basis for a lawsuit is therefore the critical
focus of the limitations inquiry.
The decisions in this analogous context militate toward the view that Ms.
Sweesy has no rights except for those that originally inured to the benefit of Mr.
Lederhos; the financial injuries she now asserts resulted from conduct that
allegedly deceived another, Mr. Lederhos. The insurance-law reference point
therefore appears wholly appropriate in this situation, and it counsels in favor of
calculating § 37-1-4’s limitations period in light of Mr. Lederhos’s awareness of
the salient facts. Accordingly, the district court properly focused on Mr.
Lederhos in determining when the limitations clock began to run.
b
Ms. Sweesy suggests that even if the district court was correct in focusing
on Mr. Lederhos’s knowledge, the discovery rule should operate differently
where, as here, the aggrieved party was allegedly incapacitated by mental disease.
The parties have identified no controlling New Mexico authority that speaks
directly to these circumstances, and we likewise have unearthed none. However,
17
“we will not trouble our sister state courts every time” an appeal implicates a
colorably novel question of state law. Pino v. United States, 507 F.3d 1233, 1236
(10th Cir. 2007). Our customary practice, especially when the parties have not
asked us to certify a question of state law—which the litigants here have not—“is
to predict how that court would rule on the issue.” Lampkin v. Little, 286 F.3d
1206, 1210 (10th Cir. 2002); accord Cornhusker Cas. Co. v. Skaj, 786 F.3d 842,
852 (10th Cir. 2015); see also Roberts, 837 P.2d at 446 (“In the absence of
explicit instructions from the legislature, when a cause of action accrues under a
statute of limitations is a judicial determination.”). “The decision of an
intermediate appellate state court ‘is a datum for ascertaining state law which is
not to be disregarded by a federal court unless it is convinced by other persuasive
data that the highest court of the state would decide otherwise.’” Stickley v. State
Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 505 F.3d 1070, 1077 (10th Cir. 2007) (quoting West v.
Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 311 U.S. 223, 237 (1940)); accord Kokins v. Teleflex, Inc.,
621 F.3d 1290, 1297 (10th Cir. 2010).
We predict that, under these factual circumstances, the New Mexico
Supreme Court would adopt an objective standard for the application of the
discovery rule under § 37-1-4—specifically, one that does not take into account
the subjective circumstances, including mental incapacity, of Mr. Lederhos. In
this regard, the New Mexico Court of Appeals in Williams has stated, “The
standard of ‘reasonable diligence’ [inherent in the discovery rule] imports an
18
analysis of objectivity.” Williams, 112 P.3d at 285; see Yurcic, 298 P.3d at 506
(relying on authorities employing an objective standard in assessing when the
limitations period commenced); see also ABC v. Archdiocese of St. Paul &
Minneapolis, 513 N.W.2d 482, 488 (Minn. Ct. App. 1994) (applying “an
objective, reasonable person standard”); Dalrymple v. Brown, 701 A.2d 164, 167
(Pa. 1997) (“The standard of reasonable diligence is objective, not subjective. It
is not a standard of reasonable diligence unique to a particular plaintiff, but
instead, a standard of reasonable diligence as applied to a ‘reasonable person.’”
(quoting Rendenz by Rendenz v. Rosenberg, 520 A.2d 883, 886 (1987)). 6
In urging that New Mexico alters its discovery rule when the aggrieved
party has “psychological difficulties,” Aplt. Opening Br. at 22, Ms. Sweesy relies
on the following text from the New Mexico Court of Appeals’s decision in
Martinez-Sandoval v. Kirsch:
The reasonable person who serves as the standard in this
evaluation . . . is not a detached outside observer assessing the
situation without being affected by it. Rather, it is a reasonable
person who has been subjected to the conduct which forms the
basis for the plaintiff’s complaint. . . . [W]e look at a
“reasonable person in the position of the Plaintiff [.]” . . .
Accrual of the cause of action occurs when the ordinary
6
An intermediate appellate court in Pennsylvania had previously
reached a similar conclusion. See E.J.M. v. Archdiocese of Phila., 622 A.2d
1388, 1393–94 (Pa. Super. 1993) (“[U]nder Pennsylvania law, [the] standard of
reasonable diligence is an objective or external one that is the same for all
individuals. It is not a subjective one. . . . For example,
Pennsylvania . . . specifically does not permit tolling during a period of
insanity . . . .” (citations omitted)).
19
reasonable person who had been subject to the experience would
have discovered that the injury was caused by that experience.
884 P.2d 507, 512 (N.M. Ct. App. 1994) (alterations in original) (first and second
omissions in original) (quoting Riley v. Presnell, 565 N.E.2d 780, 785–86 (Mass.
1991)). While this language at first blush could conceivably suggest that New
Mexico might be amenable to a subjective, personalized variant of the discovery
rule, we are satisfied that such a reading of Martinez-Sandoval and, more
generally, New Mexico law would be misguided.
The foregoing excerpt stems from a portion of the opinion leading up to the
court’s articulation of New Mexico’s version of the discovery rule; notably, in
this section, the court discussed the approach of Massachusetts’s highest court in
Riley. In that regard, the court explicitly noted the following: “Our discussion [of
Massachusetts’s rule in Riley, inter alia,] serves the purpose of clarifying what we
are not deciding in this opinion.” Id. at 511. The court explained that it was
“discuss[ing this rule and] several others without adopting or rejecting the
underlying legal theory.” Id. After examining various approaches to the
discovery rule, the court concluded that claim accrual “[could not] be delayed
beyond the [applicable statutory deadline] on the ground that Plaintiff still may
not have appreciated, in some sense, that [the defendant’s] conduct was
wrongful,” id. at 513, due to incapacitation. Therefore, placed in proper context,
the text of Martinez-Sandoval upon which Ms. Sweesy relies does not avail her
and, more specifically, does not indicate that New Mexico has adopted a
20
subjective discovery rule. And Ms. Sweesy offers nothing more than barebones,
conclusory arguments to the contrary.
For the first time in her reply brief, Ms. Sweesy suggests that the
discovery-rule inquiry is resolved by our recent decision in Bayless v. United
States, 767 F.3d 958 (10th Cir. 2014). See Aplt. Reply Br. at 7. We reject this
argument for at least two reasons. First, given Bayless’s September 2014 date of
issuance—one month before Ms. Sweesy filed her opening brief—it is beyond
peradventure that any argument concerning this case was available to Ms. Sweesy
at the inception of this appeal. Thus, “[b]ecause th[is] point[ ] w[as not] raised
until the reply brief, we deem [it] waived for purposes of this appeal.” Howard v.
Ferrellgas Partners, L.P., 748 F.3d 975, 981 n.1 (10th Cir. 2014). Second,
notwithstanding that preservation foible, Bayless patently does not benefit Ms.
Sweesy based on its facts: that case concerned a litigant’s prolonged,
unsuccessful attempt to find “objective medical results” pertaining to her
mystifying illness. 767 F.3d at 968–69. Bayless specifically addressed the
challenges of applying limitations periods in the face of contradictory scientific
evidence—which we lack on this record—and it expressly “only opine[d] with
respect to the facts of Ms. Bayless’ case.” Id. at 970. It “d[id] not upend
precedent . . . that ‘compelling’ or ‘certain’ proof of a cause is not a requirement
before accrual may begin.” Id. (emphasis added). And Bayless spoke only to the
quantum of knowledge necessary to trigger the limitations clock in that particular
21
setting. In other words, Bayless does not shake our confidence in the district
court’s conclusion that Mr. Lederhos’s factual knowledge, viewed through a lens
of objective reasonableness, started the clock in 2008—and it ended no later than
December 31, 2012.
In sum, none of Ms. Sweesy’s arguments persuade us that the New Mexico
Supreme Court would employ a subjective test when applying the discovery rule
to § 37-1-4. 7
c
i
Bearing in mind that New Mexico’s discovery rule does not ask when Mr.
Lederhos became aware of the legal basis for any claims, we survey the pleadings
to extract the key factual considerations. The amended complaint and associated
public-record materials (of which we take judicial notice) reveal that (1) in the
7
We observe that New Mexico has chosen to address any inequities
related to application of the statute of limitations to incapacitated persons through
the specific tolling statutes that extend the limitations period by one year “after
the termination of . . . incapacity,” N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-10, or by one year
after the death of “the person entitled to a cause of action,” id. § 37-1-11. These
exceptions do not readily illuminate our threshold claim-accrual inquiry. That is
because the exceptions speak to the point at which the limitations period for a
claim ends under the circumstances of incapacitation or death, not the point at
which the limitations period begins—that is, when the claim accrues—under such
circumstances. See Slade, 468 P.2d at 631 (“Statutes of limitation begin to run
against everyone, including minors, when the cause of action accrues, and tolling
statutes only extend the time for completing the bar of the statute so that the
minor shall have an opportunity to act for himself after the disability caused by
his minority has been removed.”).
22
early 2000s, Mr. Lederhos began purchasing Sun Life and FG insurance products
through Ms. Davalos; (2) at that time (in 2001), his residence was fully paid for;
(3) also at that time, he presumably knew that he possessed sufficient funds to
sustain himself in retirement; (4) by 2008, he had somehow lost his home and
most of his savings; and (5) by June 19, 2008, the nexus of such financial losses
to Ms. Davalos’s alleged fraudulent conduct was so patent that Mr. Lederhos’s
son-in-law requested on Mr. Lederhos’s behalf that the CDOI investigate the
matter. These facts leave no room for doubt that Mr. Lederhos experienced a
profound change in financial status between the early 2000s and 2008—indeed,
one so severe as to deprive him of his family home. They likewise clearly show
that the connection between Ms. Davalos’s alleged fraudulent conduct and this
financial status change was sufficiently clear that it would have prompted a
reasonable person to conduct an inquiry—in fact, it prompted Mr. Lederhos’s son-
in-law to seek relief from the California insurance authorities on his behalf.
At bottom, we conclude that Mr. Lederhos had or should have had
sufficient knowledge by the end of 2008 to commence the running of the
limitations clock. And we deem eminently reasonable the district court’s
observation that an objectively reasonable person “would begin an inquiry into
why his investments failed so miserably that he was forced to sell his house.”
Aplt. App. at 194. Accordingly, we, too, would place the “start date” for the
running of the limitations clock at the conclusion of 2008 at the latest. It follows
23
ineluctably that the statute of limitations expired four years thereafter, on
December 31, 2012, which pre-dates the 2013 filing of the complaint in this
lawsuit by more than five months.
ii
Next, we consult the two potentially applicable tolling statutes. Under
N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-10, an incapacitated party is permitted one year after the
end of his incapacitation to file suit. “It is quite clear from a plain reading of
Section 37-1-10 that, when the . . . limitations period in Section 37-1-[4] runs its
full course during [incapacitation], Section 37-1-10 gives the [party] a year from
[the end of incapacitation] within which to sue.” Gomez, 206 P.3d at 160. If the
four-year period specified in § 37-1-4 has not expired when incapacitation ends,
he is afforded either up to “one year after” the end of incapacitation “or until
[four] years after the [injury]—whichever computation of time gives [him] the
most time to act.” Gomez, 206 P.3d at 161.
Mr. Lederhos’s alleged incapacitation—dementia and Alzheimer’s—ended
upon his death on July 30, 2009. Consequently, under § 37-1-10, the statute of
limitations would extend to July 30, 2010. In assessing the “computation of time
[that would] give[] the [party] the most time to act,” Gomez, 206 P.3d at 161, the
choice was between July 30, 2010, and December 31, 2012 (the default four-year
period noted above). The latter option obviously provided more time. Yet, as
noted, even if that were the operative date, Ms. Sweesy’s claim would be time-
24
barred.
Looking to § 37-1-11, which applies when the claimant dies before the
applicable statute of limitations has stopped running, we conclude that it does not
alter our determination. It is clear that this statute only extends the period within
which to file suit for “one year after such death.” Gallagher v. Santa Fe Fed.
Emps.’ Fed. Credit Union, 52 P.3d 412, 417 n.3 (N.M. Ct. App. 2002) (quoting
N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-11). Thus, once again, the choice is between July 30,
2010, and December 31, 2012—and the 2012 date controls, with the consequence
being that Ms. Sweesy’s action was time-barred. In sum, even after consulting
the two tolling statutes through which New Mexico has chosen to account for
incapacitation or death, we conclude that the limitations period ended on
December 31, 2012, and that Ms. Sweesy’s subsequent filing of this lawsuit was
untimely.
B
Ms. Sweesy contends that her otherwise tardy filing should have been
excused by the doctrine of equitable tolling. “We review the district court’s
refusal to apply equitable tolling for an abuse of discretion.” Alexander v.
Oklahoma, 382 F.3d 1206, 1215 (10th Cir. 2004) (quoting Garrett v. Fleming,
362 F.3d 692, 695 (10th Cir. 2004)); accord Barnes v. United States, 776 F.3d
1134, 1148–49 (10th Cir. 2015). Under the abuse-of-discretion standard, we will
not disturb the district court’s decision unless we have “a definite and firm
25
conviction that the [district] court made a clear error of judgment or exceeded the
bounds of permissible choice in the circumstances.” Lorillard Tobacco Co. v.
Engida, 611 F.3d 1209, 1213 (10th Cir. 2010) (quoting FDIC v. Rocket Oil Co.,
865 F.2d 1158, 1160 n.1 (10th Cir. 1989)); see Davis v. Mineta, 302 F.3d 1104,
1111 (10th Cir. 2002) (“A district court abuses its discretion where it commits a
legal error or relies on clearly erroneous factual findings, or where there is no
rational basis in the evidence for its ruling.” (citation omitted)).
Although we use a different analytical approach than the one employed by
the district court, 8 see Richison v. Ernest Grp., Inc., 634 F.3d 1123, 1130 (10th
Cir. 2011) (noting this court’s longstanding view that “we may affirm on any
basis supported by the record”), we are satisfied that the court did not abuse its
8
More specifically, the district court resolved this issue by consulting
“two tolling statutes that may apply to Mr. Lederhos,” Aplt. App. at 195—that is,
the two discussed above, N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-10 and § 37-1-11. Applying
these statutes to Mr. Lederhos’s circumstances, the court found that neither one
could extend the filing deadline beyond 2010. See Aplt. App. at 196 (“Neither of
the equitable tolling doctrines arguably applicable to Plaintiff’s claims extends to
May 2013 . . . .”).
Because New Mexico has defined equitable tolling as “a nonstatutory
tolling theory which suspends a limitations period,” Ocana v. Am. Furniture Co.,
91 P.3d 58, 66 (N.M. 2004) (emphasis added); accord Gathman-Matotan
Architects & Planners, Inc. v. Dep’t of Fin. & Admin., 787 P.2d 411, 413 (N.M.
1990), we have approached the issue by conducting a nonstatutory, case-specific
assessment. In other words, we have considered whether this case qualifies as a
“situation[ ] where circumstances beyond a plaintiff’s control prevented the
plaintiff from filing in a timely manner.” Slusser v. Vantage Builders, Inc., 306
P.3d 524, 528 (N.M. Ct. App. 2013). We ultimately conclude that the case does
not qualify and, for that reason, affirm the district court’s refusal to equitably toll
the statute of limitations.
26
discretion in rebuffing Ms. Sweesy’s equitable-tolling arguments.
We must follow New Mexico’s tolling rules because “they are ‘an integral
part of the several policies served by the statute of limitations.’” State Farm Mut.
Auto. Ins. Co. v. Boellstorff, 540 F.3d 1223, 1228 (10th Cir. 2008) (quoting Cook
v. G.D. Searle & Co., 759 F.2d 800, 802 (10th Cir. 1985)). Among other things,
in New Mexico, “[t]he purpose of equitable tolling is to give ‘the plaintiff extra
time if [s]he needs it. If [s]he doesn’t need it[,] there is no basis for depriving the
defendant of the protection of the statute of limitations.’” Slusser, 306 P.3d at
530 (quoting Cada v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 920 F.2d 446, 452 (7th Cir.
1990)). New Mexico places the onus of justifying equitable tolling squarely on
the plaintiff’s shoulders. See id. at 528 (noting that “the party claiming that a
statute of limitation should be tolled has the burden of alleging sufficient facts
that if proven would toll the statute” (quoting Ocana, 91 P.3d at 65)); accord
Stringer v. Dudoich, 583 P.2d 462, 463 (N.M. 1978). Therefore, even where
tolling is available in principle, the plaintiff must convince the court that tolling
should apply to the unique facts and circumstances of her lawsuit. The court
undertakes a “case-by-case” inquiry as to whether the plaintiff has established
“(1) that [s]he has been pursuing h[er] rights diligently, and (2) that some
extraordinary circumstance stood in h[er] way.” Slusser, 306 P.3d at 531.
Because Ms. Sweesy cannot prevail on the second prong of New Mexico’s
equitable-tolling standard—i.e., extraordinary circumstances—our analysis begins
27
and ends with it. See Yang v. Archuleta, 525 F.3d 925, 928 (10th Cir. 2008)
(“[E]quitable tolling requires a litigant to establish two elements . . . .” (emphasis
added)); see also Sigala v. Bravo, 656 F.3d 1125, 1129 (10th Cir. 2011) (rejecting
equitable-tolling arguments based upon a litigant’s “fail[ure] to meet his burden”
on the second prong). At the outset, we note that Ms. Sweesey does not offer us
any New Mexico legal authority that would permit us to take into account her
personal circumstances in the equitable-tolling calculus, rather than those of Mr.
Lederhos, despite the fact that she brings this action in a representative (not
personal) capacity. However, even assuming arguendo that we may consider her
circumstances, we conclude that Ms. Sweesy has not adduced sufficient facts to
show that any “extraordinary event beyond . . . her control,” Slusser, 306 P.3d at
530, precluded her from timely filing suit against Sun Life and FG. Accordingly,
we hold that the district court properly declined to afford her the unusual relief of
“suspend[ing] the statute of limitations.” Id. at 528.
Ms. Sweesy contends that her tardiness should have been excused by the
fact that she was called upon to “deal[ ] with both the collapse of her father’s
health and estate.” Aplt. Opening Br. at 32. But she identifies no caselaw in
support of the proposition that a New Mexico court might plausibly consider her
personal circumstances “extraordinary”—nor, for that matter, does she expand her
argument much beyond the admonition that “rigid application” of New Mexico’s
equitable-tolling standard “to this unusual set of facts . . . will establish a
28
precarious precedent.” Id. at 33.
Having completed our study of the applicable equitable-tolling
jurisprudence, we conclude that, while unfortunate and taxing, deaths in the
family (and events incident thereto) do not qualify as “extraordinary” under New
Mexico law. Examples of situations that have satisfied New Mexico’s standard
include, inter alia: (1) “caus[ing] the plaintiff to refrain from filing an action
during the applicable period” by denying access to a prison’s law library, Roberts
v. Barreras, 484 F.3d 1236, 1241 (10th Cir. 2007) (applying New Mexico law);
(2) causing a plaintiff to rely upon “offers or promises of settlement, in
connection with other conduct of defendants,” Molinar v. City of Carlsbad, 735
P.2d 1134, 1137 (N.M. 1987); and (3) falsely assuring plaintiffs “that their
invoice would be paid from . . . loan proceeds and the[y] had no reason to suspect
otherwise,” Chase Manhattan Mortg. Corp. v. Caraway, 62 P.3d 748, 752 (N.M.
Ct. App. 2002). In contrast, prosaic circumstances such as confusion regarding
the applicable filing deadlines do not meet New Mexico’s equitable-tolling
standard. See Arasim v. Martinez, No. 30,160, 2010 WL 4160977, at *1-2 (N.M.
Ct. App. Apr. 23, 2010). These decisions lead us to adopt the view that equity
does not require tolling in Ms. Sweesy’s case.
Without intending to minimize either the grief that typically accompanies
the loss of a parent or the allegedly burgeoning problem of elder abuse, we cannot
say that the factual scenario detailed in Ms. Sweesy’s amended complaint—as
29
relevant to the tolling question—is extraordinary. We discern no obstacles
beyond Ms. Sweesy’s control that can fairly be deemed “most unusual,” “rarely
equaled,” “singular,” or “phenomenal”—i.e., extraordinary. See Extraordinary,
W EBSTER ’ S T HIRD N EW I NTERNATIONAL D ICTIONARY (2002) (capitalization
altered). Thus, we uphold the district court’s denial of the remedy of equitable
tolling.
IV
For the reasons detailed above, we hold that the district court correctly
found that Ms. Sweesy’s claims were time-barred under the applicable New
Mexico statute and that the doctrine of equitable tolling cannot avail Ms. Sweesy.
We therefore AFFIRM the district court’s dismissal of Ms. Sweesy’s action for
failure to state a legally actionable claim.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Jerome A. Holmes
Circuit Judge
30
|
462 F.Supp.2d 1367 (2006)
MOTOROLA, INC., Plaintiff,
v.
UNITED STATES, Defendant.
Slip Op. 06-165. Court No. 01-00126.
United States Court of International Trade.
November 13, 2006.
*1368 *1369 Pisani & Roll, (Michael E. Roll)(Mark S. Zolno, of counsel) for Motorola, Inc., Plaintiff.
Peter D. Keisler, Assistant Attorney General; Barbara S. Williams, Attorney-in-Charge, International Trade Field Office, Amy M. Rubin, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice; of counsel, Chi S. Choy, Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel, International Trade Litigation, United States Bureau of Customs and Border Protection, for the United States, Defendant.
OPINION
TSOUCALAS, Senior Judge.
This case is before the Court pursuant to a remand ordered by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ("CAFC") in Motorola, Inc. v. United States, 436 F.3d 1357 (Fed.Cir.2006)("Motorola II"). Therein, the CAFC mandated that this Court determine "whether either the 900 `bypass' entries or the PRLs [preclassification ruling letters] constituted `treatment' within the meaning of section 1625(c)(2), as interpreted in light of 19 C.F.R. § 177.12(c)(1)(ii)." Id. at 1368. Thus, on remand, this Court will address whether the "entries at issue in this case were processed without review or examination by Customs, and thus fall within the scope of the regulation. ..." Id. at 1367. For the reasons set forth below, the Court enters judgment for the United States ("Customs" or "Defendant").
*1370 JURISDICTION
This Court has jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(a) (2000).
DISCUSSION
I. Background
The facts of this case have been set forth in the prior decisions of the CAFC and this Court. See Motorola II, 436 F.3d 1357; Motorola, Inc. v. United States, 28 CIT ___, ___, 350 F.Supp.2d 1057 (2004)("Motorola I").[1] The facts and procedural history relevant to the instant inquiry are as follows.
The merchandise initially at issue in Motorola I, was eight models of circuits used in battery packs for Motorola cellular phones, entered between January and June of 1998. See Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1358. Motorola, Inc. ("Plaintiff' or "Motorola") declared these entries to be duty free, classifiable as "hybrid integrated circuits" under subheading 8542.40.00 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States ("HTSUS"). See id. In October 2000, the United States Customs Service[2] rejected Motorola's proposed classification and liquidated the merchandise under HTSUS subheading 8536.30.80, subject to a duty rate of 3.2 percent ad valorem. Id. Customs based this decision on Headquarters Ruling ("HQ") 961050, issued on May 1, 2000, in response to an earlier protest by Motorola concerning different circuits.[3]See id. HQ 961050 reflected that certain Motorola circuits were classifiable under HTSUS subheading 8536.30.80. See HQ 961050 (May 1, 2000). At the time HQ 961050 was issued, Motorola had entered the contested circuits under HTSUS subheading 8542.40.00. See Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1358. Customs, however, had not yet liquidated those entries, and thus was able to liquidate them under HTSUS subheading 8536.30.80. Plaintiff protested the classification, and Customs denied in full. Id. Thereafter, Motorola filed an action in this Court, the decision of which was appealed to the CAFC. Id.
In Motorola II, the Federal Circuit affirmed this Court's finding that the contested circuits are classifiable under HTSUS subheading 8536.30.80, not under 8542.40.00. See id. at 1368. The CAFC also affirmed this Court's holding that four of the eight contested circuits were not "substantially identical" to the circuit models that Customs liquidated on bypass. Id.
This remand, however, concerns more than 900 entries of circuits entered duty free through Customs' bypass procedure, and entries made pursuant to the two preclassification ruling letters ("PRLs"). The liquidation of these entries is relevant because Plaintiff contends that Customs violated the notice and comment provisions of 19 U.S.C. § 1625(c) (2000) ("the statute") when it issued HQ 961050. See Pl.'s Mem. Law Remand ("Pl.'s Mem.") at 1-3. This statute requires that Customs publish for notice and comment, any interpretative ruling or decision that would "have the effect of modifying the treatment previously accorded by the Customs Service to *1371 substantially identical transactions[.]" 19 U.S.C. § 1625(c).
In 1992 and 1994, Customs issued two PRLs to Motorola. A PRL is a letter from Customs to the requesting party, advising the party of how the merchandise specified therein, will be classified upon entry. See Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1362; See also 19 C.F.R. § 177.1, 177.2(a)(2006). In both letters sent to Motorola, Customs classified each part number specified in the PRL request under HTSUS subheading 8542.20.00, the predecessor to the current subheading 8542.40.00. Both subheading 8542.20.00 and its successor, provide for duty free entry into the United States. See Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1362.
Then, between 1995 and 1997, Motorola made over 900 entries of circuits ("bypass entries") pursuant to Customs' bypass procedures. See id. Customs liquidated the majority of these entries duty free under HTSUS subheading 8542.40.00. See id.
Motorola contends that the issuance of the two PRLs, and the liquidation of the bypass entries each established a "treatment" that could only be modified in accordance with the notice and comment provisions of § 1625(c)(2). See Pl.'s Mem. at 3-10. On remand, the remaining issue, then, is whether the particular bypass entries at issue, or the goods imported pursuant to the PRLs were subject to "treatment" by Customs.
II. The Liquidation of the Bypass Entries at Issue Does Not Constitute Treatment Within the Meaning of 19 U.S.C. § 1625(c)(2) and 19 C.F.R. § 177.12(c)(1)(ii)
First at issue is whether the entries liquidated under Customs' bypass procedures were subject to "treatment" for purposes of 19 U.S.C. § 1625(c). In Motorola II, the CAFC vacated this Court's finding that the term "treatment" in § 1625(c)(2) was unambiguous, and thus, not entitled to Chevron deference. See Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1365-68. Instead, the CAFC found that the word treatment is ambiguous, and that 19 C.F.R. § 177.12(c)(1)(ii) ("the regulation") contains a permissible construction of the statute, entitled to Chevron deference. Id. As result, on remand, this Court revisits its analysis of treatment in light of § 177.12(c)(1)(ii). Id. at 1367.
As will be discussed infra, whether treatment has occurred depends upon the degree of review or examination by Customs. Accordingly, the CAFC directed that this Court address "whether, the particular bypass entries at issue ... were processed without review or examination by Customs, and thus f[e]ll within the scope of the regulation, or whether the goods were examined or the entries otherwise reviewed in a manner that would take them out of the reach of the regulation." Id.
A. Contentions of the Parties
Motorola contends that the liquidation of the bypass entries qualifies as treatment under § 177.12(c)(2)(ii). See Pl.'s Mem. at 4. Specifically, it argues that Customs reviewed Motorola's bypass entries, and that the "Customs' Rule 30(b)(6) agent . . . confirmed that Customs actually reviewed entries put on bypass...." Id. at 5 (emphasis in original). Motorola maintains that Customs has a "detailed procedure" for determining which entries are placed on bypass status. Inherent in this decision, Plaintiff claims, is a review of the entries in order to select which entries will be processed through bypass.[4]Id. at 5-6.
*1372 Customs responds that Motorola has failed to demonstrate that its bypass entries establish a treatment. See Def.'s :esp. Pl. Mem. Law Remand ("Def.'s Mem.") at 4-44. It sets forth several arguments as to why Plaintiff's proffered evidence does not support a finding that the entries at issue were reviewed. See id. For all that Motorola offers in support of its position, Customs' conclusion is the same: although Motorola's evidence may tend to show that there may have been some sort of review-like function of bypass entries, it is not the type of review that constitutes treatment, and there is no evidence that the particular entries at issue were actually reviewed.[5] The Court finds Customs' arguments to be convincing.
B. Analysis
a. Statutory and Regulatory Framework
The starting point of the Court's analysis is § 1625(c). This provision provides that:
A proposed interpretive ruling or decision which would
(1) modify (other than to correct a clerical error) or revoke a prior interpretative ruling or decision which has been in effect for at least 60 days; or
(2) have the effect of modifying the treatment previously accorded by the Customs Service to substantially identical transactions;
shall be published in the Customs Bulletin. The Secretary shall give interested parties an opportunity to submit, during not less than the 30-day period after the date of such publication, comments on the correctness of the proposed ruling or decision. After consideration of any comments received, the Secretary shall publish a final ruling or decision the Customs Bulletin within 30 days after the closing of the comment period. The final ruling or decision shall become effective 60 days after the date of its publication.
19 U.S.C. § 1625(c). Relevant to the instant matter, is the interpretation and application of subsection (c)(2) of the statute. To establish a violation of § 1625(c)(2), Plaintiff must show that: (1) an interpretative ruling or decision; (2) effectively modified; (3) a "treatment" previously accorded by Customs to "substantially identical transactions;" and (4) the interpretative ruling or decision had not been subject to the notice and comment process set forth in § 1625(c)(2).[6]See id.; See also Arbor Foods, Inc. v. United States, 30 CIT ___, 2006 WL 1359965, *7 (May 17, 2006) (not published in the Federal Supplement); Precision Specialty Metals, Inc. v. United States, 24 CIT 1016, 1040, 116 F.Supp.2d 1350, 1374 (2000).
Because neither the statute, nor its legislative history define "treatment," in the past this Court has applied its ordinary meaning. See Precision Specialty Metals, 24 CIT at 1042, 116 F.Supp.2d at 1376. In Precision Specialty Metals, the Court found that the term treatment denotes a consistent pattern of actions by Customs, and allows importers to order their behavior based on these prior actions. Id. at 1044, 116 F.Supp.2d 1350 (holding that *1373 "importers may order their actions based not only on Customs' formal policy, `position,"ruling,' or `decision,' but on its prior actions."). In Motorola II, however, although the CAFC found this definition to be a useful "starting point," it indicated that it, alone, did not answer the question presented herein, i.e., what degree of action constitutes treatment, and is sufficient to bind Customs. See Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1365. (defining the issue as whether "bypass entries" of the sort at issue in this case involve a sufficient degree of action by Customs to constitute "treatment."). Instead, the Court found that the term treatment in § 1625(c)(2) is ambiguous, and that 19 C.F.R. § 177.12(c)(1)(ii) contains a permissible construction of the statute entitled to Chevron deference. Id. at 1366. (citing Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984)).
In order to reach its conclusion, the Motorola II Court engaged in Chevron analysis and explained that:
When Customs liquidates bypass entries without inspecting the goods, it may be said to have `acted' in the sense that it has chosen not to scrutinize the entries more closely, but it is not clear on the face of the statute that Customs has `treated' the goods as being what the importer says they are. The question of what degree of action (as opposed to acquiescence) is sufficient to bind Customs is not an issue that Congress directly addressed.
Id. As a result, the Court held that the word treatment is ambiguous and proceeded to the second step of the Chevron analysis. Id. Chevron requires that the court determine whether the agency's answer to the question presented, here § 177.12(c)(1)(ii), is based on a permissible construction of the statute. See, Chevron, 467 U.S. at 843, 104 S.Ct. 2778. The CAFC indicated that, "[t]urning to the text of the regulation itself, we believe that the agency's answer to the specific question at issue is a reasonable and permissible construction of the statute." Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1366. It found that it "is reasonable to conclude that goods which are admitted pursuant to representations by the importer and are not independently examined or reviewed ... are not `treated' by Customs ...." Id. (emphasis added). Because the CAFC found Customs' interpretation of the word treatment to be reasonable, this Court may not substitute its own construction of the statutory provision. See Chevron, 467 U.S. at 843, 104 S.Ct. 2778. As a result, the Court revisits its analysis of the word treatment, with the regulation as a guide.
The regulation, entitled "Treatment previously accorded to substantially identical transactions," provides, in relevant part, that:
(ii) The determination of whether the requisite treatment occurred will be made by Customs on a case-by-case basis and will involve an assessment of all relevant factors. In particular, Customs will focus on the past transactions to determine whether there was an examination of the merchandise ... by Customs or the extent to which those transactions were otherwise reviewed by Customs to determine the proper application of the Customs laws and regulations. For purposes of establishing whether the requisite treatment occurred, Customs will give diminished weight to transactions involving small quantities or values, and Customs will give no weight whatsoever to informal entries and to other entries or transactions which Customs, in the interest of commercial facilitation and accommodation, processes expeditiously *1374 and without examination or Customs officer review[.]
§ 177.12(c)(1)(ii). Thus, in order to discern whether treatment has occurred, Customs must determine: (1) whether there was an examination of the entries; or (2) the extent to which the entries were otherwise reviewed to determine the proper application of the Customs laws and regulations. Id. Whether the review or examination constitutes treatment, however, is a matter of degree. See Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1365. The analysis of whether treatment has occurred, therefore, is both qualitative and quantitative.
In determining whether treatment has occurred, the regulation also specifies which transactions Customs will accord diminished, or no weight, and will thereby disqualify from constituting a treatment. Section 177.12(c)(1)(ii) instructs that "[f]or purposes of establishing whether the requisite treatment occurred, Customs will give diminished weight to transactions involving small quantities or values ...." § 177.12(c)(1)(ii). It further directs that Customs "give no weight whatsoever to ... entries and transactions which Customs, in the interest of commercial facilitation and accommodation, processes expeditiously and without examination or Customs officer review[.]" Id. in other words, for an entry or transaction to be totally disregarded it is not sufficient that the entries be processed to expedite commercial interests; there must also be an absence of examination or review.
Lastly, the regulation instructs that to qualify as treatment, the purpose of the review must be in order to "determine the proper application of the Customs laws and regulations." See id.
b. Application of "Treatment" in Light of § 177.12(c)(1)(ii)
As discussed supra, the CAFC found that "the admission of entries expeditiously and without examination of Customs officer review does not constitute treatment within the meaning of section 1625(c)(2)." Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1367 (internal quotations omitted). It is undisputed that entries subject to Customs bypass procedure are processed expeditiously, in the interest of commercial facilitation and accommodation. See G & R Produce Co., v. United States, 27 CIT ___, ___, 281 F.Supp.2d 1323, 1333-34 (2003)("Customs uses its bypass procedure to manage its workload.... Customs elected to place entries ... on bypass for its own convenience. ..."). As a result, in order to prove the existence of a treatment and thereby prevail, Motorola need only demonstrate that a Customs Official examined or reviewed the particular entries to a sufficient enough degree. See Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 66 Fed.Reg. 37,370, 37,375 (Dep't Treasury July 17, 2001) ("the burden of proving the existence of a treatment is on the person claiming the treatment."). Specifically, it is incumbent upon Motorola to demonstrate both that the particular entries fall within the general rule of the regulation, and that the limiting language of the regulation does not apply to the entries at issue. See § 177.12(c)(1)(ii)(giving "diminished" or "no" weight to certain entries or transactions.).
The disposition of this issue, then, turns on whether there has been sufficient examination or review by Customs. Neither the statute nor the regulation, however, define these terms. A basic principle of statutory construction is that a Court will give an undefined term its "ordinary, contemporary, common meaning." Perrin v. United States, 444 U.S. 37, 42, 100 S.Ct. 311, 62 L.Ed.2d 199, (1979). A dictionary is an appropriate resource for gleaning that ordinary meaning. See Kayo Seiko Co., Ltd. v. United States, 36 F.3d 1565, 1571 n. 9 (Fed.Cir.1994); see also *1375 Best Power Tech. Sales Corp. v. Austin, 984 F.2d 1172, 1177 (Fed.Cir.1993)("It is a basic principle of statutory interpretation, however, that undefined terms in a statute are deemed to have their ordinary understood meaning. For that meaning, we look to the dictionary.") (citation omitted). Rules of statutory construction are similarly applicable to the Code of Federal Regulations, interpreting a statute. See Harak v. United States, 30 CIT ___, ___, 2006 WL 1993419, *11 (July 18, 2006)(not published in the Federal Supplement)(applying the "cannons of statutory construction [to] the regulation at issue.").
Black's Law Dictionary defines review as "consideration, inspection, or reexamination of a subject or thing." Black's Law Dictionary 1345 (8th ed.2004). Similarly, Webster's defines review as "to study or examine again; to consider retrospectively." Webster's II New Riverside University Dictionary 1006 (Riverside Publishing Company 1994). "Examination" is defined as an "investigation; search; inspection[.]" See Black's Law Dictionary 557 (6th ed.1990). Webster's Dictionary defines "examine" as "to inspect in detail[;] to analyze or observe carefully; to question formally." Webster's, 449. In determining whether the bypass entries were reviewed or examined, and thereby received treatment, the Court applies these common, ordinary dictionary definitions.
In an effort to demonstrate that its bypass entries were processed with review or examination, Plaintiff relies upon various Customs sources. In order to fully understand both Plaintiff and Defendant's arguments, however, the Court first sets forth a summary of the relevant bypass procedure, as laid out in Customs' Directive 3550-26 ("Directive"). See generally Directive 3550-26 (Dep't of Commerce Sept. 8, 1987). As an initial matter, the Directive pertains to "primary" or "pure" bypass. See Directive ¶ 3. Moreover, at that time, a manual bypass system was in operation.[7]Id. ¶ 2.
Entry summaries are subject to a process known as "entry segregation." See Directive ¶¶ 3, 4.A & B. Entry segregation occurs at the entry level but "prior to the import specialist review." Id. ¶ 4.B. During entry segregation, entries are sorted by entry unit personnel in accordance with a criteria list based on data contained in Customs Form ("CF") 7501. Id. The criteria list "delineates the entries that will not be bypassed." Id. ¶ 4.A (emphasis added). Indeed, the criteria list is a default to bypass.[8] In other words, any type of entry summary not falling within the criteria on the list receives bypass processing; any entry category meeting the criteria is not forwarded to bypass. The soundness and integrity of this criteria is ensured by regional and district managers through a review of a random sample of the entries processed through bypass. See Id. ¶ 4.C. This check is performed after bypass processing. Id. Once the entries *1376 have been sorted for bypass processing, the Entry Aids verify the presence of the following on the CF 7501: importer; TSUSA (the predecessor to ECTSUS); Country of Origin; Value; and Signature or Approved Facsimile on CF 7501. Id ¶ 4.B. Absence of any of these data elements result in the entry being routed through the Entry Officer for any appropriate action under the broker compliance program. Id. No other data is verified. Id. Once an entry is deemed eligible for bypass, it undergoes immediate liquidation processing. Id.
With this framework in mind, the Court addresses Plaintiffs contentions. First, Motorola urges that "this Court ... reach the same result as in its original decision [finding that the bypass entries were treated] because Customs reviewed Motorola's bypass entries." Pl.'s Mem. at 5. In support of its position, Motorola first relies upon deposition testimony taken from a Customs Rule 30(b)(6) agent ("Agent Dep."). Id. at 5 (citing to Deposition of John Elkins at 26). Motorola quotes the following testimony, which it purports buttresses its conclusion that "Customs actually reviews entries put on bypass":
Q: So Customs doesn't look at the shipment or the paperwork on bypass entries. Is that
A: Quite often they don't, yes, other than for a periodic maybe verification, an audit spot check type of thing that happens, a quality-assurance type function. That would be the only way they would look at it, unless there was some specific allegation that somebody was doing something wrong with their merchandise that was on bypass.
Id. (citing Agent Dep. at 26).
The Court interprets the Agent's testimony differently than Motorola, and finds that it detracts from, rather than supports Motorola's claim. The question posed to the Agent was whether Customs "looks at" the bypass shipment or paperwork. The Agent responded that "quite often" Customs does not, "other than for a periodic ... audit spot check type of thing." Id. This response indicates to the Court that most often, Customs does not "look," let alone review, the bypass entries' shipment or paperwork. Thus, the Agent's testimony cannot be properly viewed as supporting the conclusion that Customs "reviews" the bypass entries. Assuming arguendo that the agent does "look" at the entries, a look does not rise to the level of review, i.e., a "consideration," or "inspection." The "audit spot check type of thing" referenced by the Agent appears to be the exception, rather than the norm. Indeed, the Agent characterized the audit as "periodic." Id. Moreover, if and when this periodic check does occur, its purpose is not for determining the proper application of the Customs laws and regulations, as is required by the regulation, but instead for a "quality assurance type function." Id. Motorola characterizes this function as "spot checks" and claims that they are "central to the bypass program." Id. Motorola cites no authority in support this proposition. The Court, however, finds testimony relevant to these "checks." See Pl.'s Mem., Ex. A at 26 (Agent Dep.). The Agent Deposition reflects that "there is no checking. The documentation is all accepted electronically. There is no paperwork. It is a mutual trusting relationship that exists." Id. Although, Motorola claims that the "checks" are integral to the bypass program, the Court finds that the Agent's testimony suggests otherwise.
Next, Motorola relies upon Customs Directive 3550-26. Pl.'s Mem. at 6 (citing Directive ¶ 3, 4). According to Plaintiff, the Directive instructs that Customs sort all entries for possible placement on bypass status based on certain criteria, "including tariff classification." Id ("[C]lassification is one of the criteria *1377 used to determine whether to place an entry on bypass status."). Despite Plaintiffs assertion, the Directive indicates that the criteria "delineates those entries which cannot be processed through bypass." Directive ¶ 3 (emphasis added). Although the Directive states that the criteria will be "based upon data found on the CF 7501," it does not list tariff classification as one of the criterion.[9]
Motorola also relies upon the Directive for the proposition that Customs' managers review a "random sample, generally 2 to 10 percent" of entries placed on bypass to "ensure ... the integrity and soundness of criteria used to identify bypass entr[ies]." Pl.'s Mem. at 6 (quoting Directive ¶ 4.C). This, Motorola contends, rebuts Customs' claim that it never reviewed Motorola's entries because they were on bypass, when "between 2 to 10 percent of [its] entries were, in fact, reviewed by Customs for classification accuracy." Id. at 7. The Court finds Motorola's argument unconvincing.
The cited paragraph of the Directive, entitled "Bypass Review," reflects the following:
Regional and district managers will ensure that the integrity and soundness of criteria used to identify bypass entry summaries are maintained. They will accomplish this through a review of a random sample, generally 2 to 10 percent, of the entry summaries processed through bypass .... The import specialist team responsible for the merchandise on the bypassed entries shall thoroughly review the random sample.... Random sampling, and import specialist, or supervisory import specialist review, shall be the only method of bypass review used.
Directive ¶ 4.C. First, the Directive makes clear that this limited "review" is intended only to ensure, the maintenance of the criteria used to identify bypass entries. It is not, however, intended to verify tariff classification. Second, the review is limited to a random sampling of only two to ten percent of all entries placed on bypass. Id. It is highly unlikely that given the universe of all of the bypass entries, that two to ten percent of Motorola's entries were reviewed.[10] Moreover, it is a near statistical impossibility for all of Motorola's bypass entries to have fallen within the random two to ten percent sampling. In any event, the Court is not convinced that simply because Customs randomly reviews a small percentage of entries, that such random review is of a degree sufficient *1378 enough to constitute treatment. See Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1365. Here, a random review of two to ten percent of all bypass entries is insufficient to constitute treatment.
Lastly, Motorola points to Customs Head Quarter Ruling 225191 (Apr. 19, 1994)("HQ 225191"). See Pl.'S Mem. at 7. This, Motorola claims, further supports its position that Customs reviews bypass entries for classification, and by accepting or rejecting a particular classification, reaches a legal determination. Id. at 7-8 (citing HQ 225191)("Customs itself has made clear that Customs officers make determinations with respect to bypass entries and that Customs, when it accepts a classification ... has made a legal determination[.]").[11] The language highlighted by Motorola, however, is not properly interpreted as indicating that, in accordance with the Directive, the liquidation of a bypass entry is equivalent to a Customs officer actually reviewing the entry and independently determining the correct tariff classification. Rather, when manual bypass was in operation under the Directive, entry segregation was a clerical task performed by Entry Unit personnel, not by an import specialist with the authority to classify goods. See Directive ¶ 4; Def.'s Mem. at 10-11. An import specialist would only see the entries if they met the criteria disqualifying them from bypass status. See Directive ¶ 4. Under manual bypass procedure, the only classification-type function that might have been performed by an Entry Aid would be to verify the presence of a TSUS tariff provision on the CF 7501. Id. Ensuring the appearance of a tariff provision on a Customs form does not constitute a review sufficient for classification purposes. As commonly defined, a review involves "consideration" or "inspection." Black's 1345. Consideration is defined as "continuous and careful thought." Inspection is defined as "view[ing] closely in critical appraisal." See Meriam-Webster Online Dictionary 2004, http://www. meriam-webster.com (last visited Nov. 7, 2006). Indeed, both of these terms connote a critical appraisal, rather than a quick glance meant to confirm the appearance of a code in an allotted space. Were the entry specialist charged with ensuring the correct tariff classification, a different result would obtain. This, however, is not what the Directive instructs. Accordingly, the Court finds that HQ 225191 fails to support Motorola's position.
The history of the regulation lends further support to the Court's conclusion that no treatment was accorded to the bypass entries. The legislative history of § 177. 12(c)(2)(ii) indicates that bypass entries should generally be disregarded in determining the existence of treatment. See 66 Fed.Reg. at 37,375. Indeed, the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for § 177.12(c)(2)(ii). explains that the proposed text was intended to reflect Customs' operational reality, that "under selectivity and bypass and related procedures Customs simply does not intervene in the vast majority of the approximately 18 million formal entries filed annually.... Customs believes that it would be inappropriate to conclude, as a legal matter, that Customs accorded treatment to a transaction in those circumstances." Id. The Notice of the Final Rule similarly indicates that as a result of bypass *1379 procedure "the vast majority of import transactions do not receive Customs review. Since those unreviewed transactions receive no action on the part of Customs, they should not be considered to constitute a `treatment' within the meaning of 19 U.S.C. 1625(c)." Final Rule, 67 Fed. Reg. 53,483, 53,491 (Dep't Treasury Aug. 16, 2002). The references to bypass in the Federal Register indicate that Customs intended for bypass entries to be included among the transactions that are given "no weight whatsoever" under § 177.12(c)(2)(ii). See Id.; 66 Fed.Reg. at 37,370.
In the event that the Court "disagree[s] with [its] assertion ... that Customs reviewed [its] entries[,] Motorola requests the opportunity to reopen discovery...." See Pl.'s Mem. at 7 n. 6. Defendant responds that this request is a concession by Motorola that it does not address whether the particular entries at issue were processed without review or examination.[12]See Def.'s Mem. at 13. Because Plaintiff did not make a motion to reopen discovery, however, the Court will not address this point. See USCIT R. 7(f) ("An application to the court for an order shall be by motion ... shall be in writing and shall state, with particularity, the grounds therefor.").
Finally, inherent in Plaintiffs failure to demonstrate that, as a general matter, bypass entries are subject to treatment is its failure to show that the particular bypass entries at issue were treated. In Motorola II, the CAFC directed that this Court address "whether the particular bypass entries at issue in this case were processed without review or examination by Customs...." See Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1367. Logic dictates that if, on remand, Plaintiff fails to prove a broader proposition, then it certainly has not proven the narrower point, i.e., that the particular entries were subject to treatment. The Court, therefore, finds that Motorola's proffered support does not show that Customs treated the particular bypass entries at issue.
For the foregoing reasons, the Court finds that Motorola has not demonstrated that the 900 bypass entries at issue were subject to examination or review sufficient to constitute "treatment" for purposes of 19 U.S.C. § 1625(c)(2), as interpreted by 19 C.F.R. § 177.12(c)(ii)(1). It is incumbent upon the party claiming treatment to demonstrate that such has occurred. See 66 Fed.Reg. at 37,374. Plaintiff has failed to do so.
III. The Issuance of the Preliminary Ruling Letters Does Not Constitute Treatment Within the Meaning of 19 U.S.C. § 1625(c)(2) and 19 C.F.R. § 177.12(c)(1)(ii)
In Motorola I, this Court found that the PRLs at issue met "the definition of interpretative rulings, and that HQ 961050 d[id] not modify or revoke a prior interpretative ruling. Accordingly, Customs' failure to publish HQ 961050 in the Customs Bulletin did not violate 19 U.S.C. § 1625(c)(1)." Motorola I, 30 CIT at ___, 350 F.Supp.2d at 1068. This finding was not appealed and, thus, is not a subject of this remand determination. Instead, *1380 Plaintiff now contends that Customs violated 19 U.S.C. § 1625(c)(2), because the issuance of the two PRLs established a "treatment." See Pl.'s Mem. at 8.
A. Contentions of the Parties
Plaintiff characterizes the issue as whether entries made pursuant to the PRLs constitute treatment, under 19 C.F.R. § 177.12(c)(1)(ii).[13]See Pl.'s Mem. at 8. Because the PRLs did not support a claim under § 1625(c)(1), Plaintiff claims that the issuance of the PRLs involved "substantial review" and "classification" of "substantially identical merchandise" by Customs, and thus constitutes treatment. See id. at 8-9. See generally § 1625(c)(2) (providing for notice and comment procedure where there has been a modification of a "treatment.").
Defendant responds that "Motorola's goal appears to be to have the Court accept that, even when an interpretative ruling (here, Motorola's PRLs) cannot support a claim under 1625(c)(1), the ruling can nevertheless form the basis for a treatment under 1625(c)(2)." Def.'s Mem. at 15. Defendant finds Plaintiffs argument both unsupported and unconvincing and instead maintains that a "more logical reading of [the statute] is that Congress intended subsections (c)(1) and (c)(2) to have the same impact, but under different situations, the former when a prior interpretative ruling ... has been issued, and the latter when no previous interpretative ruling or decision has been issued." Id. Reading subsection (c)(2) as including interpretative rulings, Defendant argues, would render subsection (c)(1) redundant.[14]Id. The Court agrees.
E. Analysis
As an initial matter, the Court must determine whether a "prior interpretative ruling" may also constitute a "treatment" under § 1625(c). The Court begins its analysis by looking at the language of the statute itself. See United States Dep't Treasury v. Fabe, 508 U.S. 491, 500, 113 S.Ct. 2202, 124 L.Ed.2d 449 (1993); Group Life & Health Ins. Co. v. Royal Drug Co., 440 U.S. 205, 210, 99 S.Ct. 1067, 59 L.Ed.2d 261 (1979). As set forth infra 19 U.S.C. § 1625(c) provides that:
A proposed interpretive ruling or decision which would
(1) modify ... or revoke a prior interpretative ruling or decision which has been in effect for at least 60 days; or
(2) have the effect of modifying the treatment previously accorded by the Customs Service to substantially identical transactions;
shall be published in the Customs Bulletin
. . . . .
in order to ensure compliance with the notice and comment procedures set forth therein. See 19 U.S.C. § 1625(c).
Plaintiff's interpretation of the statute, requires the Court to find that a prior interpretative ruling which does not fall within the parameters of subsection (c)(1), can nonetheless be properly classified as a treatment under subsection (c)(2). Under such a reading, however, every prior interpretative ruling could qualify as a treatment, and thereby render subsection (c)(1) *1381 nugatory. General principles of statutory construction preclude this result.
As previously explained, subsection (c)(1) pertains only to "prior interpretative rulings and decisions." See § 1625(c)(1). It is undisputed that a PRL is a prior interpretative ruling. See Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1368. Subsection (c)(2) pertains solely to "treatment" by Customs. See id. Treatment involves a pattern of action by Customs involving, inter alia, a sufficient degree of examination or review for classification purposes. See Motorola II, 436 F.3d at 1365; Precision, 24 CIT at 1043, 116 F.Supp.2d at 1377. It seems that the issuance of a PRL necessarily involves treatment because Customs is reviewing the entries for classification purposes. See Customs Directive, 3610-02, ¶ 2 (Dep't Commerce Mar. 8, 1989), Pl.'s Ex. D ("During a preclassification review, a Customs Field National Import Specialist will review and propose a product classification ... The National Import Specialist (NIS) Division will review all classification determinations proposed during a preclassification review."). This notwithstanding, because a PRL is a prior interpretative ruling, it is governed by (c)(1) and therefore not within (c)(2).
Construing § 1625(c) in the manner urged by Plaintiff would create a fictitious catchall in subsection (c)(2), which would render subsection (c)(1) meaningless. That is, every PRL issued would fall within the parameters of subsection (c)(2) and would eliminate any need for subsection (c)(1). This would violate the tenet that, where possible, the Court will avoid reading a statute in a manner that would render some words redundant. See Gustafson v. Alloyd Co., Inc., 513 U.S. 561, 575, 115 S.Ct. 1061, 131 L.Ed.2d 1 (1995). The Court will not interpret a statute to render other provisions of the same statute superfluous. See FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 529 U.S. 120, 133, 120 S.Ct. 1291, 146 L.Ed.2d 121 (2000) (citation omitted). Rather, a court must "interpret the statute as a symmetrical and coherent regulatory scheme, and fit, if possible, all parts into an harmonious whole." Id. Indeed, a "cardinal principle of statutory construction is to save and not to destroy." See United States v. Menasche, 348 U.S. 528, 538, 75 S.Ct. 513, 99 L.Ed. 615 (1955) (citation omitted).
The construction issue may also be resolved by the doctrine of noscitur a sociis, i.e., "a word is known by the company it keeps." Gustafson, 513 U.S. at 574, 115 S.Ct. 1061. Here, the word "treatment" is in the company of its alternative subsection (c)(1), covering "interpretative rulings." See § 1625(c)(1),(2). Specifically, the doctrine provides that a court should "avoid ascribing to one word a meaning so broad that it is inconsistent with its accompanying words, thus giving `unintended breadth to the Acts of Congress.'" Id. (quoting Jarecki v. G.D. Searle & Co., 367 U.S. 303, 307, 81 S.Ct. 1579, 6 L.Ed.2d 859 (1961)). Here, ascribing meaning to the word "treatment" that encompasses the otherwise provided for "prior interpretative rulings," gives unintended breadth to subsection (c)(2). Under Plaintiffs proposed interpretation, the phrase "prior interpretative ruling" would be subsumed entirely within the term "treatment" and the disjunctive "or" would be rendered meaningless. Basic principles of statutory construction preclude such an interpretation. See Beck v. Prupis, 529 U.S. 494, 506, 120 S.Ct. 1608, 146 L.Ed.2d 561 (2000).
For the foregoing reasons, the Court finds that the issuance of the two PRLs, previously determined to be prior interpretative rulings, cannot for purposes of § 1625(c), also constitute a "treatment."
*1382 IV. Because the Entries at Issue Were Not Subject to Treatment, Customs Did Not Violate § 1625(e)
Section 1625(c) requires publication, with notice and comment, where a prior interpretative ruling or decision modifies the treatment previously accorded by Customs to substantially identical transactions. See § 1625(c)(2). Here, Customs did not violate the statute because: (1) the 900 bypass entries at issue were not subject to treatment; and (2) the two PRLs at issue were found to be prior interpretative rulings covered by subsection (c)(1), and thereby not within the parameters of subsection (c)(2). Accordingly, Customs was not required to comply with the notice and comment provisions of § 1625(c).
Conclusion
The Court finds that the liquidation of the 900 bypass entries at issue does not constitute treatment within the meaning of 19 U.S.C. § 1625(c)(2), as interpreted by 19 C.F.R. § 177.12(c)(1)(ii). The Court further fords that the issuance of the two preliminary ruling letters does not constitute treatment within the meaning of 19 U.S.C. § 1625(c)(2) and 19 C.F.R. § 177.12(c)(1)(ii). Accordingly, the Court finds that Customs did not violate § 1625(c)(2) by failing to publish HQ 961050 in the Customs Bulletin. For the foregoing reasons, the Court enters judgment for Defendant, United States, and dismisses this action. Judgment shall be entered accordingly.
NOTES
[1] Familiarity with both of these decisions is presumed.
[2] The United States Customs Service was renamed the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection of the Department of Homeland Security, effective March 1, 2003. See H.R. Doc. No. 108-32 (2003).
[3] In 1996 the Customs Port Director in Chicago reviewed 92 of the 900 bypass entries and determined that they should be classified under a different HTSUS subheading, not providing for duty free entry. After Customs liquidated the 92 entries under the new subheading and with duty, Motorola protested. In response, Customs issued HQ 961050. See Motorola I, 350 F.Supp.2d at 1060.
[4] In its memorandum, although noting its perceived connection between the PRLs and the bypass entries, Plaintiff itself analyzes the bypass entries and PRLs separately. See Pl.'s Mem. at 9. During oral argument, however, counsel for Plaintiff set forth argument urging the Court to determine whether there had been treatment based on the PRLs and 900 bypass entries taken together. See generally Trans. Oral Arg. Oct. 27, 2006. The Court finds this argument unconvincing.
[5] As the Court concurs with the majority of Customs' arguments it does not needlessly reiterate them in its opinion.
[6] It is undisputed that HQ 961050 is an interpretative ruling or decision, and that it was not published in the Customs Bulletin.
[7] The June 12, 1981 Headquarters Manual Supplement number 3500-02 established national guidelines for implementation of a manual entry selection system or bypass. See Directive ¶ 2. The 1987 Directive established "a uniform national procedure for processing entries under the current manual entry selection procedures." Id. ¶ 2. This manual system, however, was an interim procedure. As summary selectivity was implemented, an automated bypass supplanted the manual procedure. At the time the Directive was written, however, manual bypass was "the only viable bypass system," and the Directive pertained solely to the manual bypass procedure. See Id. ¶¶ 1, 2.
[8] The following entry categories are not forwarded to bypass:
Absolute Quota and/or Visa Steel Requiring SSSI Antidumping Duty Actions Countervailing Duty Actions Significant Trade Issues Headquarters Directed Actions.
See Directive ¶ 4.A.
[9] The Court notes that a reference to "TSUSA," the predecessor to HTSUS, appears in paragraph 4 of the Directive. See Directive ¶ 4. This reference, however, is simply part of a list of information that must appear on CF 7501, including inter alia, "importer"; "Country of Origin"; and "Signature of approved facsimile on CF 7501." Id. That TSUSA is present on this list, however, does not support Plaintiff's statement that "classification is one of the criteria used to determine whether to place an entry on bypass status." See Pl.'s Mem. at 6.
[10] Defendant makes the following, similar argument:
While the 1987 Directive instructed regional and district managers to review a random sampling of 2-10% of bypassed entries, the universe of entries to be randomly sampled would have included all importers in a given region or district. For any random sampling to have resulted in 2-10% of Motorola's entries being reviewed would have meant that Motorola was the sole importer in the Customs region or district (or at least the only importer whose entries were selected for "random" review). This is highly unlikely considering that the majority of the bypass entries upon which Motorola is relying were made through major ports, i.e., Atlanta, Georgia; Anchorage, Alaska; and Chicago, Illinois.
Def.'s Mem. at 12.
[11] The relevant text of the cited HQ Ruling, is as follows:
"Entry summaries are evaluated against a pre-set criteria. One of the elements in this criteria is classification. See C.D. 3550-26, Entry Simplification Bypass Procedures, issued September 8, 1987. Once the appropriate Customs officers has determined that an entry summary is eligible for bypass processing and has accepted the classification asserted by the filer as correct, a legal determination has been made ...."
Pl.'s Mem. at 8 (citing HQ 225191).
[12] In addition, Defendant argues that the Court should find that Motorola had ample opportunity to conduct its discovery. Moreover, due to Motorola's paperless electronic filing, additional discovery would be futile. Def.'s Mem. at 14. Electronic filing only reflects limited information and would not provide enough information for Customs to perform a substantive review for classification purposes. Defendant notes that in order for Customs to have performed the type of examination necessary to determine if Motorola's entries fell outside of the ambit of § 177. 12(c)(1)(ii), Plaintiff would have had to provide Customs with invoices supporting each entry. Id.
[13] In Motorola I, although acknowledging that Plaintiff raised the issue, this Court did not rule on whether the PRLs issued by Customs in 1992 and 1994 constituted treatment. In light of the CAFC's decision in Motorola II, however, this Court will now decide this issue on remand.
[14] Both Plaintiff and Defendant put forth additional substantive arguments, however, the Court need not address these arguments. See e.g., Pl.'s Mem. at 10-15; Def.'s Mem. at 17-22.
|
She's a Boston lawyer who represents college students accused of sexual assault and denied due process. And she is not your typical lawyer in these cases.
“In college I would have been one of the women attending the rallies, holding the signs, and celebrating the wave of expulsions and suspensions of men accused of sexual assault,” wrote attorney Naomi Shatz in the Huffington Post.
In her first job as a lawyer, she sued an “upstate New York school district” for not protecting a student from gender-based harassment. Shatz then joined a firm that represents students accused of sexual assault.
That is when she “realized what an insane, Kafkaesque world these student disciplinary proceedings are.”
Shatz describes what some of us already know: That school disciplinary panels handling sexual assault cases are throwing out due process in order to appease the Obama administration, which has demanded that college administrators crack down on the offense.
“[A]s those of us who work with students embroiled in these university sexual assault cases know, the appearance that the problem is finally being addressed is just that: appearance,” Shatz wrote.
She goes on to describe how a “single investigator” serves as the prosecutor, judge and the jury in a case. She explains that the accused usually cannot cross-examine their accuser or witnesses and are denied legal representation. She notes that at some schools, the accused aren’t even allowed to see the evidence against them.
A system that once was stacked against the accuser has now become stacked against the accused.
“[J]ust as in the case of the system it replaced, it is designed to protect the school from risk,” Shatz wrote. “The recent policy changes have amplified an environment in which once a student is accused of sexual assault a finding of guilt is nearly guaranteed.”
Shatz concluded that feminists cheering the increased expulsions of students accused of sexual assault have already lost the battle.
“As feminists, we should demand better than knee-jerk reactions from the government intended to appease anti-sexual assault activists without truly addressing their demands, and poorly designed university policies intended merely to protect the school's federal funding at the expense of our core democratic values of fairness, due process, and the presumption of innocence,” Shatz wrote. |
We love football here at eMeals (we are based in Alabama, after all!), but what we really love about the Super Bowl is the food. Here’s a low-budget, high-flavor recipe to help you throw a winning Super Bowl party without…
Between all the shopping, wrapping, planning, hosting and going, who has time to whip up a homemade dish for every holiday party of the season? If you have 5 minutes and a little know-how, you can dress up store-bought items…
Warm spices and naturally sweet butternut squash make this soup the quintessential comforting fall appetizer. Serve it as a precursor to our Clean Eating Holiday Menu, or serve as a light winter dinner with a fresh green salad and wheat…
Does your go-to snack typically contain a grain and/or dairy? Wondering how to supplement your Paleo Meal Plan with snacks? We’ve got some great ideas to keep you happy, full, and on-track with your Paleo Meal Plan without having to…
Texas is known for it’s Tex-Mex food, melding Mexican influences with American tastes. And just like the Longhorns, these spicy stuffed peppers pack a punch that will have fans hollering “Hook ‘Em” even more! Mix up the filling and stuff…
Although the official name of the University of Florida football stadium is Ben Griffin Stadium, most Gators and those in the know refer to it as “the Swamp.” The nickname comes from a quote by former coach Steve Spurrier, who…
Parents play a big role in keeping their children healthy and fit. Being healthy as a child results in good healthy habits as adults. I have watched my own children for years, devour daily snacks and this has convinced me…
This was one of the first appetizers I made on the regular when my husband & I first got married. It’s easy, relatively healthful as far as appetizers go, and I can pretty much eat half a bowl by myself.… |
Adding innovative practices and technology to central line bundle reduces bloodstream infection rate in challenging pediatric population.
A specialized pediatric hospital serves many patients with short bowel syndrome. The patients' fecal residue plus frequent access of intravenous lines increases bloodstream infection (BSI) risk. To reduce BSIs, the hospital first implemented an alcohol-dispensing disinfection cap and then added 3 more interventions, with both the cap-only phase and the multipronged phase successfully lowering the hospital's BSI rate. |
The Effect of Decomposition on the Efficacy of Biometrics for Positive Identification.
Biometrics, unique measurable physiological and behavioral characteristics, are used to identify individuals in a variety of scenarios, including forensic investigations. However, data on the longevity of these indicators are incomplete. This study demonstrated that iris and fingerprint biometric data can be obtained up to four days postmortem in warmer seasons and 50 + days in the winter. It has been generally believed, but never studied, that iris recognition is only obtainable within the first 24 hours after death. However, this study showed that they remain viable for longer (2-34 days) depending upon the environmental conditions. Temperature, precipitation, insects, and scavenger activity were the primary factors affecting the retention of biometrics in decomposing human remains. While this study is an initial step in determining the utility of physiological biometrics across postmortem time, biometric research has the potential to make important contributions to human identification and the law enforcement, military, and medicolegal communities. |
Background
Steatosis is a chronic liver disease that depends on the accumulation of intracellular fatty acids. Currently, no drug treatment has been licensed for steatosis; thus, only nutritional guidelines are indicated to reduce its progression. The aim of this study is to combine different nutraceutical compounds in order to evaluate their synergistic effects on a steatosis in vitro model compared to their separate use. In particular, three different formulations based on silymarin, curcumin, vitamin E, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), choline, and phosphatidylcholine were assayed.
Methods
Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 cell line) were treated with a mixture of fatty acids in order to induce an in vitro model of steatosic cells, and then the amount of intracellular fat was evaluated by Oil Red O staining. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ (PPARα and γ) expression, closely correlated to lipid metabolism, was evaluated. The efficiency of these receptors was evaluated through the study of LPL mRNA expression, a marker involved in the lipolysis mechanism. Superoxide dismutase (SOD-2) and malondialdehydes (MDA) in lipid peroxidation were assayed as specific biomarkers of oxidative stress. In addition, experiments were performed using human liver cells stressed to obtain a steatosis model. In particular, the content of the intracellular fat was assayed using Oil Red O staining, the activation of PPARα and γ was evaluated through western blotting analyses, and the LPL mRNA expression level was analyzed through qRT-PCR.
Results
All formulations proved effective on lipid content reduction of about 35%. The oxidative stress damage was reduced by all the substances separately and even more efficiently by the same in formulation (i.e. Formulation 1 and Formulation 3, which reduced the SOD-2 expression and induced the PPARs activation). Lipid peroxidation, was reduced about 2 fold by foormulation2 and up to 5 fold by the others compared to the cells pretreated with H2O2.Formulation 1, was more effective on PPARγ expression (2.5 fold increase) respect to the other compounds on FA treated hepathocytes. Beside, LPL was activated also by Formulation 3 and resulted in a 5 to 9 fold-increase respect to FA treated control.
Conclusions
Our results proved that the formulations tested could be considered suitable support to face steatosis disease beside the mandatory dietetic regimen.
The accumulation of hepatic triglycerides results from an imbalance between their uptake, synthesis, and export, which leads to fatty acid oxidation. Prolonged hepatic steatosis can result in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis [1].
Several medical approaches have been proposed as steatosis therapies, but nowadays, there is not a specific treatment for this condition; only nutritional guidelines are used to prevent and/or treat this disease [2]. Recent studies reported the efficacy of natural compounds in steatosis treatment through the analyses of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) used as biomarkers [3]. In fact, the literature reported that PPARs activation reduces fat accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in the in vitro model of steatosis [4]. Regarding hepatic metabolism, PPARα is strongly expressed in the liver, and its activation is related to fatty acid oxidation [5]. PPARγ operates as a lipid alert biomarker and plays a role in the pathogenesis of steatosis, increasing energy utilization [6]. For these reasons, PPARs agonists have been considered a potential pharmaceutical target for the treatment of steatosis [7]. In addition, fatty acids are activators of the PPARs and may increase the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) [8]. The regulation of LPL through PPARs modulation may contribute to the beneficial fat reduction related to the crucial role of this enzyme in energy and lipoprotein metabolism in the liver [9]. In the framework of this research, our aim is to analyze the biological activity of three nutraceutical mixtures (Formulations 1, 2, 3) obtained from different combinations of six natural compounds that are well known for their effectiveness on steatosis: silymarin, curcumin, vitamin E, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), choline, and phosphatidylcholine. Only Formulation 1 is composed of all these molecules; Formulations 2 and 3 do not contain choline and phosphatidylcholine, respectively. Silymarin, or milk thistle extract, is an herbal remedy of the European tradition, used (also as a drug) to treat and prevent injuries and pathologies of the liver [10]. Curcumin is a well-known active plant ingredient that has shown a promising hepatoprotective effect in animal models [11]. Vitamin E [12] and omega-3 fatty acid are already used as nutraceuticals for human treatments [13]. Studies about vitamin E treatment showed discordant results. In vitro vitamin E proved effective in reducing oxidative stress in liver cells [14]. In vivo studies on pediatric patients showed that the compound improved steatosis activity scores, but the effects apparently were not significantly different with respect to the placebo. However, few data are now available on the effect of antioxidants associated with vitamin E in children affected by steatosis in which there is a significant improvement of the liver function and glucose metabolism [15]. Because of the better performance demonstrated by combinations/mixtures of different compounds compared to the single-molecules-based products, new formulations are going to be evaluated and eventually commercialized. Pediatric steatotic patients, after 12 months of treatment with dietary supplements, exhibited observable improvement in insulin resistance, hepatic enzyme levels, and liver histology, without an increase in body weight [16]. Choline, also in the form of phosphatidylcholine, is a food ingredient with an approved health claim issued by the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) for “maintaining healthy liver functioning” [17]. For this reason, in the present research work, besides the evaluation of single compounds, we assayed three formulations in order to evaluate the potential synergistic effect of novel nutraceutical combinations on an in vitro model of liver steatosis.
Reagents
All used nutraceutical compounds are commercially available food ingredients: sylimarin and curcumin (turmeric extract complexed with soy phosphatidylcholine - Meriva®) were supplied by Indena (Milan, Italy), vitamin E (D-Alpha Tocopherol 1000 IU/g) by Van Eeghen (Amsterdam, The Netherland), choline bitartrate (VitaCholine) by Balchem (Marano Ticino, Italy), phosphatidylcholine (PHOSAL® 40 IP) by Lipoid (Steinhausen, Switzerland) and DHA 70% (Omegavie DHA 70 EE Qualitysilver Ice) by Polaris (Pleuven, France). The experiments were performed using nutraceutical ingredients tested as powder solubilized in Dimethyl sulfoxide (pure DMSO) solution and then diluted to use them as single and/or as mixtures in serum-free medium at a final concentration of 0.5% v/v DMSO, that proved not toxic to the cells.
In vitro model of steatosis
In vitro steatosis, as reported in the study of Gaens and collaborators (2012) [18] was induced by incubating HepG2 cells or human normal liver cells (1.0 × 105 cells/well seeded in a standard 24-well culture plate) with 6 mM of a mixture of linoleic acid (a polyunsaturated 18:2,ω-6 fatty acid) and oleic (monounsaturated 18:1, ω-9 fatty acid) ratio 1:1 v/v (L9655-Sigma Aldrich, Milan, Italy) (FAs) for 24 h [19]. After a PBS wash, cells were exposed for an additional 24 h either to the single natural compounds or to the new potential nutraceutical formulations.
In vitro model of oxidative stress
HepG2 cells (1.0 × 105 cells/well in a standard 24-well culture plate) were pre-treated for 30 min with 50 μM H2O2 and then incubated with the nutraceutical ingredients for 24 h.
Staining
Intracellular fatty acids amount was evaluated by Oil Red O staining (0.5% v/v) (Sigma Aldrich, Milan Italy). Cells pictures were captured by an optic microscope (Niko Eclipse TS 100) and stained lipid droplets were then extracted with isopropanol (60% v/v) and quantified by measuring the absorbance at 510 nm [20]. For Oil Red O staining three concentrations (0.001–0.005-0.05 mg/mL) were screened for the single substances, while for all other experiments, single molecules were tested at 0.001 mg/mL and formulations at 0.005 mg/mL, as sum up of the concentration of all the components.
Cell proliferation and viability (MTT test)
Cytotoxicity was assessed in HepG2 cells (1.0 × 105 cells/well in a standard 24-well culture plate) by measuring the reduction of the tetrazolium dye 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3 carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- sulfophenyl)-2H–tetrazolium (MTT) [21]. The cytotoxic effect is evaluated by the percentage of living cells present in the sample, in relation to the cells treated only with the solutions. The optical densities of the obtained solutions were measured at 570 nm using a Beckman DU 640 spectrometer (Beckman, Milan, Italy).
RNA isolation and quantitative RT-PCR
To better assess the oxidative stress, we analyzed the expression levels of SOD-2 using the specific primer pairs: forward primer 5’-CTGGACAAACCTCAGCCCTA-3′ and reverse primer 5′-TGA TGGCTTCCAGCAACTC-3′, through quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), (BioRad iQ5 Multicolor Real Time PCR Detection System). HepG2 cells (1.0 × 105) after 24 h from seeding, were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 50 μM) for 30 min and next with all nutraceutical compounds (0.001 mg/ml). After 24 h of treatment, total RNA was isolated using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen Milan, Italy) following the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically using a Nanodrop Instrument (Celbio, Milan Italy). One microgram of total RNA was reversely transcribed into cDNA with Reverse Transcription System Kit (Promega, Milan, Italy) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using IQ ™ SYBR® Green Supermix (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Milan, Italy). Besides, LPL was analyzed as biomarker of lipid metabolism. In the specific, 1.0 × 105 human hepatocytes were seeded for mRNA evaluations using the specific primer pairs: forward primer 5’-AATGAGGTGGCAAGTGTCCT-3′ and reverse primer 5’-CTCCAGAGTCTGACCGCCT -3. The gene expression of SOD-2 and LPL was normalized respect to the expression level of the housekeeping gene using the specific GAPDH primer pairs: forward primer 5’-TGCACCACCAACTGCTTAGC-3′ and reverse primer 5′- GGCATGGACTGTGGTCATGAG -3′ [19–22].
Western blotting analyses for SOD-2, PPARα and γ
SOD-2, PPARα and γ expression markers were assayed through western blotting analyses. The proteins have been extracted using Radio-Immunoprecipitation Assay (RIPA) buffer R0278 (Sigma Aldrich, Milan, Italy) and the concentrations were determined using the Bio-Rad protein assay reagent (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Milan Italy). Equal amounts of protein (30 μg) were loaded on a SDS-PAGE and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane [19–22]. The filters were incubated with a monoclonal antibody against SOD-2 (A-2, sc-133,134) diluted 1:250 v/v, polyclonal antibody against PPARα (H-98, sc-9000) diluted 1:200 v/v, monoclonal antibody against PPARγ (E-8, sc-7273) diluted 1:250 v/v, polyclonal antibody against Actin (I-19, sc-1616) diluted 1:500 v/v, at room temperature for 2 h. All reagents were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Membranes were washed three times for 10 min and incubated with a 1:10,000 v/v dilution of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse, anti-rabbit and anti-goat antibodies for 1 h respectively. Blots were developed using ECL system (Amersham Biosciences, UK) according to the manufacturer’s protocols.
Lipid peroxidation assay (TBARs)
Since oxidative stress is closely associated to liver steatosis development, TBARS assay was also used to evaluate lipid peroxidation. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 1 M solution, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), hydrochloric acid (HCl), paraformaldehyde and isopropanol reagents were from Sigma Aldrich (Milan Italy). The protein concentrations were determined using the Bio-Rad protein assay reagent (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Milan Italy). Lipid peroxidation was evaluated using the quantification of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) as previously reported [23]. All data showed as reduction percentage respect to H2O2 are the means ± standard deviation (SD) of 3 experiments and each experimental point is the average of triplicate measurements.
Statistical analysis
All of the experimental results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of at least three independent determinations for each experiment. Differences between all treatments were tested for statistical significance by Student t test, p values lower or equal to 0.05 were considered significant.
Oil Red O staining showed that treatment with the oleic and linoleic acid mixture induced the accumulation of lipid droplets in almost all HepG2 cells, as shown in the micrographs presented in Fig. 1a. Nutraceutical compounds were already active in reducing lipid accumulation at the 0.001 mg/mL concentration (Fig. 1b). In particular, the reduction fold, with respect to the FA treatment in the presence of curcumin, was 1.6 fold (p < 0.05). With silymarin, it was 1.7 fold (p < 0.05), and when using choline, it reached 2.0 fold (p < 0.01). Additionally, the assays showed that lipid droplets are even lower when the cells are treated with all of the formulations developed (1, 2, 3) at 0.005 mg/mL, compared to the control (Fig. 1c). The differences were statistically significant in all pairs of data tested. Above all, in reducing the FA content, sylimarin and curcumin showed significant differences in comparison with the other single substances, tested at the lowest concentration. Also, the experiments performed on normal human liver cells showed that treatment with an oleic and linoleic acid mixture induced the accumulation of lipid droplets, while the formulations reduced the content of the intracellular fat. In particular, all three formulations are significantly effective on steatosis (p < 0.05), but Formulation 3 showed more effectiveness on lipid reduction (p < 0.01) compared to the others, as reported in Fig. 2.
Liver cells exposed to oxidative stress in the presence of nutraceuticals and their formulations: Cell viability assay
Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT test after 24 h of exposure to nutraceutical molecules at different concentrations (Fig. 3a,b). The compounds were not cytotoxic for all treatments tested. In particular, vitamin E (p < 0.01), choline (p < 0.01), and DHA (p < 0.05) were the only single compounds that not only were not cytotoxic at the concentration tested, but also were involved in cell proliferation. All of our formulations increased cell viability and proliferation.
Fig. 3
MTT assay for single nutraceutical compounds (a) and formulations (b). The figure shows the cell viability percentage of HepG2 cells after 30 min of H2O2 (50 μM) treatment and after nutraceutical compounds incubation. b and c are relative to two groups of different experiments in wich intracellular fat difference in the averaged data proved not to be significant using t-student test p > 0.05
Oxidative stress: SOD- 2 gene and protein expression
In order to evaluate the antioxidant effect of nutraceutical molecules, SOD-2, a well-established key marker, was analyzed. As shown in Fig. 4a, all of the molecules were investigated separately, and their formulations reduced the SOD-2 mRNA expression with respect to the positive control. In particular, vitamin E, DHA, and silymarin exert an efficient antioxidant role, significantly reducing SOD-2 with respect to the control (p < 0.01). All of the formulations proved even more active than the single molecules; in addition, Formulation 3 was the most effective among the three different formulations tested (Fig. 4b) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, western blotting analyses (Fig. 5a) showed a significant SOD-2 reduction in the presence of DHA alone (p < 0.01); similarly, Formulation 1 (p < 0.01) and Formulation 3 (p < 0.05) were effective, as reported in Fig. 5b.
a, b Western blot relative to SOD-2 as marker of oxidative stress. Actin is used to normalize the results. All values were expressed in the form of mean ± SD (n = 3)
Evaluation of PPARα and PPARγ expression
PPARα and γ were detected by western blot analyses. The results showed that PPARα was increased in the presence of fatty acids, maybe as a cellular physiological response. This increment is more evident when HepG2 cells were treated by nutraceutical compounds, in particular, in the presence of choline (p < 0.05), phophatidylcholine, and Formulation 2 (p < 0.05) (Fig. 6). PPARγ (Fig. 6) was significantly decreased when the HepG2 were treated with FA, with respect to the control (p < 0.01). However, its expression was upregulated by silymarin (p < 0.05), vitamin E (p < 0.01), curcumin (p < 0.05), and DHA (p < 0.05), reverting the steatotic condition to the basal cells state (Fig. 6). Finally, all of the formulations increased the expression of PPARγ even more than the single substances. In our in vitro model, Formulation 1, which included all of the natural compounds tested, was more effective on PPARγ activation, up to 2.5 fold (p < 0.01), compared to the others (Fig. 6). The formulations were also tested on normal liver cells treated with FA; the experiments showed that all of the formulations are able to increase PPARα expression. In particular, there was a significant increase in cells treated with Formulation 2 (p < 0.05), compared to the hepatocytes treated with FA (Fig. 7a). The PPARγ expression was decreased in the cells treated with FA, but in the presence of nutraceutical formulations, it was upregulated, particularly with Formulation 2 (p < 0.01) and Formulation 3 (p < 0.05) (Fig. 7b).
Fig. 6
PPARα and PPARγ protein expression level on HepG2 cells determined by Western blotting. Actin is used to normalize the results
Fig. 7
a, b PPARα and γ protein expression level determined by western blotting in human normal liver cells, exposed to FA to induce steatosis and eventually treated with nutraceuticals. Actin is used to normalize the results
LPL expression related to lipid metabolism
In the Fig. 8 is reported the expression levels of LPL in normal human hepatocytes. The cells treated with fatty acids induced LPL up-regulation 2-foldrespect to control. The LPL mRNA expression showed a 9-fold increase when the cells are treated with Formulation 3 and about 5 fold increase for formulation 1 and 2, when compared to the FA treatment.
Lipid peroxidation analyses
A lipid peroxidation assay was used to investigate the effect of natural compounds on H2O2 oxidative stress; as shown in Fig. 9, a significant decrease of TBARs was observed in the treated cells. A superior reduction of lipid peroxidation was found with phosphatidylcholine, choline (Fig. 9a), and formulation treatments (Fig. 9b). With Formulation 1, there was approximately a 4-fold reduction (p < 0.05) compared to the cells pretreated with H2O2; when using Formulation 3, TBARs are reduced to the untreated-cells level, thereby favouring the reestablishment of the physiological (oxidation) state (p < 0.01) (Fig. 9b).
In our experimental study, we evaluated the potential antisteatotic and antioxidant activities of different nutraceutical compounds, which have already been suggested for their potential beneficial effects on liver metabolism. As reported in the literature, natural compounds are able to bind and activate PPARs [6]. Actually, the commercial demand for dietary supplements has been increased in the treatment of metabolic disease (e.g., steatosis), thanks to their potential positive influence on human health. In recent scientific literature, vitamin E [24], curcumin [25], silymarin [26–29], DHA [30], choline, and phosphatidylcholine were reported to have a positive effect on cellular physiology [31, 32]. Our results confirmed that the formulations modulated better than single nutraceutical compounds the analysed pathological mechanisms of steatosis. In particular fatty acids accumulation, PPAR-α and -γ receptors expression [6], and oxidative stress [33] were investigated. Several studies reported that PPAR-α and -γ receptors are the key molecules in the regulation of lipid metabolism with different functions. In particular, PPAR-α promotes fat mobilization, while PPAR-γ is involved in fat storage; its overexpression may prevent the hepatic steatosis in amurine hepatic steatosis model of [34]. In our in vitro study, the PPARα and γ are modulated by all formulations in both cellular models, corroborating the scientific literature results. In addition, it is known that PPARs signaling pathway modulate LPL activity, that is responsible of the fatty acids hydrolysis (in particular triglycerides). In this respect, we investigated the possible mechanism that follows PPARs activation, and we selected LPL as a marker of lipid metabolism [35]. In particular, Oil Red O staining quantification concerning single compounds showed that only curcumin, silymarin (p < 0.05), and choline (p < 0.01), at a 0.001 mg/mL concentration, significantly reduced the lipid accumulation by about 50–70% compared to the FA positive control into HepG2 cells. All three nutraceutical formulations showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the lipid amount. The results obtained for nutraceutical formulations have also been confirmed in normal hepatocytes; in fact, all of them significantly reduced the intracellular lipid droplets (p < 0.05) with respect to the FA treatment. In particular, Formulation 3 was the most effective on lipid reduction (p < 0.01). Moreover, our results showed that LPL is upregulated in the presence of Formulation 3. Because the excessive FA amount causes peroxidation in the liver, we also evaluated the protective effects of these formulations on oxidative stress (ROS), quantifying the SOD-2 expression at a transcriptional and protein level in a model based on HepG2 cells. Our data demonstrated that the SOD-2 gene expression is significantly reduced in the presence of all compounds, compared to a positive control (H2O2); in particular, vitamin E, silymarin, and DHA showed the best results. The results on vitamin E were expected and are in agreement with the initial in vitro studies of Barja and collaborators [36], which described its role as a natural antioxidant. More interesting, DHA, an essential fatty acid of the ω-3 series, was found to have a relevant activity on fat accumulation in liver cells, reducing the inflammation in pediatric patients through an NF-kB pathway modulation [37]. Thus, different nutraceutical compounds exert a role in controlling human dyslipidaemia. Experimental results corroborated that functional foods ingredients (e.g. resveratrol, DHA, curcumin, zinc) may enhance lipid metabolism ameliorating, among the different lipid dysfunctions comprising the hypercholesterolemia. In this respect the authors discussed that nutraceutical compounds effectively reduced liver fatty acid accumulation both counteracting the activity of the enzymes responsible of lipid synthesis and intensifying the activity of degradation enzymes such as LPL [38]. Nowadays, it is possible to find commercialized food supplements based on DHA-choline to modulate lipid metabolism and reduce their accumulation. A recent review presented by Gualiang and collaborators presented steatosis as the “most universal and severe chronic liver disease worldwide” in the future, and in relation to the pathogenetic complex mechanisms, the authors suggested the contemporary use of micronutrients, such as vitamin E and sylimarin, as a preventive and therapeutic strategy [24]. Our results prompted similar conclusions, showing that the nutraceutical activity of vitamin E and silymarin, can be implemented by DHA and choline for their specific functions, and curcumin, which shows bioactivity against ROS. In light of the new results, it was possible to correlate the PPAR-α expression to LPL activity. In normal hepatocytes, PPAR-α is activated by the formulations, and this up regulation is directly related to LPL expression, suggesting its key role in lipid metabolism. In this respect, the study of the biological modulation of PPARs may help to establish, the efficacy of nutraceuticals to assess their therapeutic potential in metabolic liver disease. In the framework of this research, the formulations tested proved all active, however few differences may be pointed out. In fact, formulation 3, which contains all of the nutraceutical components except for phosphatidylcholine, is able to advantageously modulate all of the biomarkers involved in the development of steatosis. Therefore, among all, the latter could represent a new potential product for the treatment of this disease.
The results presented in this in vitro experimental work suggest that all of the natural compounds and their formulations were able to counteract fat accumulation and liver oxidative stress damage. Between the single natural substances and their combinations we observed a synergistic effect in Formulations 1 and 3. In particular, studying in depth the molecular mechanism activated from PPARs toward LPL overexpression, we found that, only Formulation 3 activates the lipolysis pathway at various levels. The interesting results obtained, are based on an in vitro model, therefore they only represents a potential systematic pre-clinical approach suitable to compare natural substances on their prospective impact on fat over-accumulation in the liver. This system has the limitation of a lack of external factors that could influence hepatocyte behaviour in vivo, as reported in Gomez et al. (2006) [39]. Thus, a final efficient comparison should be based on an animal model to better unravel the bioactivity of the nutraceutical compounds and their formulations in mammalians.
Acknowledgements
Funding
Availability of data and materials
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Sponsored study
This paper was supported by the following grant: PON 01_1226 Nutrafast.
Authors’ contributions
AS analyzed and interpreted the molecular data regarding the gene expression analysis. AVAP performed western blot experiments. FdN performed Oil Red O assay and IS analyzed Lipid Peroxidation assay. AS, AVAP and CS wrote the manuscript participated equally to the writing of the work. VV performed western blot experiments and Oil Red O assay during the manuscript revision. All the co-authors contributed to the assessment of results and discussion section, read and approved the manuscript before submission.
Ethic approval and consent to participate
Not applicable
Consent for publications
All co-authors have given their consent for publication of this article in Lipids in Health and Disease.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. In particular, Dr. Andrea Maria Giori is employed in IBSA Italia and Bouty as R&D Director.
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
"I met this wife of mine and things got onto a better track" turning points in risk development.
In this study, qualitative and quantitative approaches were combined to study the mechanisms involved in turning-point experiences among individuals who had been exposed to several risk factors in childhood and adolescence. The study was part of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, in which the lives of the participants (196 boys and 173 girls) have been followed from age 8 to age 36. The data concerning turning points was collected by semi-structured interview when the participants were 36 years old. Participants were classified into six developmental trajectories according to risk factors at ages 8-14 and problems of social functioning at age 36. The results showed that individuals with an unsuccessful childhood constructed their life courses less often in terms of education, work and social transitions compared to others. Those who were managing well in their lives at age 36, despite several risk factors in childhood (resilients) reported positive experiences and plenty of choice in relation to their turning points. Participants in the vulnerable subgroup, for their part, perceived turning points more negatively, and reported few opportunities for personal choice. Altogether, the results indicate that childhood experiences influence the content of turning points in adult life by shaping the direction of actual life paths. The quality of current life, however, has a greater bearing on the way turning points are evaluated. |
Harchand Singh Longowal
Harchand Singh Longowal (2 January 1932 − 20 August 1985) was the President of the Akali Dal during the Punjab insurgency of the 1980s. He was known affectionately as "Sant Ji". He had signed the Punjab accord, also known as the Rajiv-Longowal Accord along with Rajiv Gandhi on 24 July 1985. The government accepted the demands of Akali Dal who in turn agreed to withdraw their agitation. Less than a month after signing the Punjab accord, Longowal was assassinated by the Sikh militants opposed to the accord.
Early years
Harchand Singh Longowal was born on 2 January 1932, in a family of modest means living in Gidariani, a village then in the princely state of Patiala, but now a part of Sangrur district of Punjab (India). Under the tutelage of Sant Jodh Singh at the seminary in nearby Maujo, he studied Sikh theology and Sikh texts and practised Sikh music. As his teacher was also a member of the Akali movement, it is likely that young Harchand also imbibed the spirit of political activism at that time.
Leaving Maujo at the age of twenty-one, Harchand Singh served as scripture-reader and custodian at the village gurdwara at Heron Kalan, moving the following year to Longowal, a small town 16 kilometers south-west of Sangrur. There, he raised a gurdwara in the memory of celebrated eighteenth-century scholar and martyr, Bhai Mani Singh. In 1962, Harchand Singh was named head of the important historical shrine at Damdama Sahib (Talwandi Sabo), but he took on the suffix "Longowal" which remained with him for the rest of his life. He was affectionately known as "Sant Ji"
Beginnings of political activism
Longowal's life of political activism began in June 1964, when he led a demonstration for Sikh rights at the historic site of Paonta Sahib in the present-day state of Himachal Pradesh. In 1965, Longowal became the president of the Akali organization in Sangrur district and a member of the working committee of the Shiromani Akali Dal. In 1969, he was elected to the Punjabi Legislative Assembly as the Akali candidate, defeating the Congress Party's Babu Brish Bhan, who had been chief minister of Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU).
In June 1975, the Allahabad High Court annulled election of Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister; she, instead of resigning, imposed the Internal Emergency and arrested thousands of leaders of opposition parties. Although no Akali leader had been arrested but the organisation decided to launch an agitation against suppression of civil liberties. In July 1975, all the senior Akali leaders courted arrest and Harcharnd Singh Longowal took over the command of the agitation which continued till January 1977. In the 1978 bye election to Lok Sabha (the Lower House), Harchand Singh was offered the Akali nomination for Faridkot constituency but he declined the offer. He got Balwant Singh Ramoowalia to contest instead, who was elected from the seat.
1980s: Civil disobedience
In 1980, Longowal was recalled to preside over the Akali party. In this role, he organized large-scale campaigns of civil disobedience to win concessions from India's Central Government on the longstanding grievances of Punjab, and especially the Sikhs of Punjab. Longowal led the Akali side in years of frustrating negotiations with Mrs. Gandhi, talks that served to undermine public faith in the course of peaceful dialogue with the government. This, in turn strengthened the hand of extremists and separatists. In December 1983 Longowal invited sikh fundamentalist Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale to take up residence in Golden Temple Complex at the Guru Nanak Niwas and later on in an adjacent building next to Akal Takht. He called the tough-minded Bhindranwale "our stave to beat the government."
The peaceful campaign to achieve justice from the central Indian government began 4 August 1982 under the leadership of the Akali party president, Harchand Singh Longowal and six other members of a designated high command, namely Parkash Singh Badal—former Chief Minister of Punjab, Gurcharan Singh Tohra—President of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, Jagdev Singh Talwandi, Surjit Singh Barnala—former Union Agriculture Minister, Sukhjinder Singh—former Punjab Minister, and Ravi Inder Singh—former Speaker of the Punjab Legislature. All in all, it endured some twenty-two months and saw the arrest of more than 200,000 demonstrators in Amritsar. The overall campaign was marked by several individual demonstrations. One of the earliest had an unexpected outcome. When Longowal declared that Sikhs would demonstrate against the Central Government's injustices at the opening of the Asian Games scheduled to begin in Delhi on 19 November 1982, the Prime Minister called on the Chief Minister of Haryana to prevent Sikhs traveling by road or rail from neighbouring Punjab to Delhi. The Haryana police did this and in the process caused inconvenience to the civilians and army officers coming to the games. Harbans Singh, On 4 January 1983 there was a mass stoppage of traffic on the major highways. On 17 June 1983 rail traffic was halted by large-scale protests. A statewide work stoppage was held on 29 August 1983. On 26 January 1984, article 25(a) of the constitution, indicating Sikhs are Hindus, was publicly burned.
Finally, Longowal announced that as of 3 June 1984 would practice civil disobedience by refusing to pay land revenue, water and electricity bills, and block the flow of grain out of Punjab. The Sikh coalition in opposition to the Central Government held together until September 1983, when the increasing frustrations of negotiating with the Prime Minister began to take its toll in a growing division between Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and Jagdev Singh Talwandi (refusing to pay land revenue, water and electricity bills, Harchand Singh Longowal.
Operation Bluestar
During Operation Blue Star, the Indian army action in 1984 to clear up the Golden temple complex from militants. The army operation that happened between 4–6 June 1984. Several Akali Dal leaders were stuck in the temple complex during the operation. Inside, were Longowal, SGPC head Gurcharan Singh Tohra, Jarnail Singh Bhindranwala and thousands of pilgrims. Bhindranwala and most of his followers in the temple were killed in the operation. Longowal was among the Sikh leaders who were rescued by Army from within the Golden Temple. They could only be evacuated in an Armoured personnel carrier (APC) due to fear of firing from the Sikh extremists. Later on, Longowal was put under detention.
Punjab Accord
Finally, in March 1985, the leadership of the Akali party began to be released from prison under orders from the new prime minister Rajiv Gandhi. With a view to improving the situation and creating the conditions for a negotiated settlement of Sikh demands, the prime minister's confidante, Arjun Singh who was posted as the Governor of the state, also relaxed the censorship on the Punjabi press, withdrew army control over certain districts, announced his willingness to institute a judicial enquiry into the November 1984 killings, lifted the ban on the All India Sikh Students Federation and agreed to review the cases of thousands of Sikhs imprisoned since the army's arrival in Punjab the previous June. Within a few days, the first 53 were released. A few days later, Rajiv made an effort to address the economic woes of Punjab, with its diminishing acreages and burgeoning unemployment by announcing the establishment of a rail coach factory at Kapurthala, Punjab which would need about 20,000 people. Then, after weeks of secret negotiations, Harcharnd Singh Longowal met the Prime Minister in Delhi and on 23 July 1985 signed an eleven-point memorandum covering all the major issues which had defied resolution since the Akalis had first presented their list of demands. The accord attracted opposition from several orthodox Sikh leaders of Punjab as well as from the politicians of Haryana. Some of its promises could not be fulfilled due to the disagreements.
Death
Less than a month after signing the Punjab accord, Longowal was assassinated by the Sikh militants opposed to the accord. Longowal was shot and killed on 20 August 1985 near the gurdwara in village Sherpur, 90 km from Patiala in Punjab. Assassin Halwinder Singh fired bullets from a point blank range at Longowal. The bullets had pierced his abdomen causing his death. His cremation took place on 21 August.
See also
1984 anti-Sikh riots
References
Cited sources
Khushwant Singh (2004) A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004, New Delhi; Oxford University Press. p. 355.
External links
http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70711FA3D5F0C728EDDA10894DD484D81&n=Top/News/World/Countries%20and%20Territories/India
https://web.archive.org/web/20090220094914/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2326/stories/20070112002712000.htm
http://www.gurbani.net/community/Articles/harchandsingh.php
https://www.deutsches-informationszentrum-sikhreligion.de/1984_de.php – The double role of Harchand Singh Longowal
Category:1932 births
Category:1985 deaths
Category:Murder in 1985
Category:Assassinated Indian politicians
Category:People from Punjab, India
Category:Sikh politics
Category:Victims of Punjab insurgency
Category:People murdered in Punjab, India
Category:Deaths by firearm in India
Category:Shiromani Akali Dal politicians
Category:Victims of Sikh terrorism |
Molecular dynamics of a biodegradable biomimetic ionomer studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy.
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was used to investigate the bulk molecular dynamics of a recently developed biodegradable biomimetic ionomer potentially useful for biomedical applications. Isothermal dielectric spectra were gathered for a phosphoryl choline (PC)-functionalized poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) ionomer and unfunctionalized PTMC at temperatures ranging from 2 to 60 degrees C over a broad frequency range of 10(-3) to 10(6) Hz. Four relaxations were clearly identified, two of which were shown to stem from the PTMC polymer backbone. A detailed analysis showed that the formation of zwitterionic aggregates was responsible for the material's bulk functionality and that bulk conduction processes may provide useful information for assessing the PC ionomer as a candidate for drug delivery applications. Finally, it was concluded that absorbed water concentrates around the aggregates, resulting in an increased mobility of the PC end-groups. |
1 Answer
1
Changing bare at this point won't automagically fix your issue, it's already a bare repository (a repo without a working tree). Use git fetch instead of git pull and you should be fine (git pull is basically just a git fetch to pull in all the updates followed by a git merge to merge the updates into your working tree). |
You're acting like it's only for faces. I'll never forget Austin & Triple H becoming buddies after spending the year trying to kill each other after Austin turned heel.
It's not exclusive but all heels also don't automatically like each other, either. Granted, they mostly do, but it's not a given, as we've seen even recently with Big Show threatening to KO Ziggler if he tried cashing in on him. But when it comes to faces, WWE seems to operate under this dome of cluelessness where every babyface smiles and is happy and loves picnics and flowers, and everything is forgiven once a turn occurs.
Look up Barrett's speech after the cameras stopped rolling for Raw in Manchester, England. Barrett ends up sorta kinda getting along with Cena briefly, cuz Barrett's giving this big thank you speech to the audience. Its all in the context of them still hating each other, but they put aside their issues in a heartbeat cuz Barrett had a five-minute face turn.
I know, I saw that when it came out, but I was talking about an actual turn on television, not on camera. I was joking anyway, although it seriously wouldn't surprise me.
Episode 94 - Best & Worst Mission Impossible Films
This week we take a wild ride though the Mission Impossible films in the lead up to Rogue Nation! The highs, the lows, the hair. Plus we talk the X-Men and Fantastic Four films crossing over, Spectre, Pixels, an Emoji film and a sequel to Jurassic World. |
Q:
SVG: Getting an Anaglyph effect
I'm trying to create a SVG filter that would create an Anaglyph effect.
What I've done so far is to duplicate some shapes to some red and blue shapes. Now, I would like to change the way (opacity...) those shapes overlap so I can get the anaglyph effect. How can I do this ? Do you know another SVG filter that would create this effect ? Thanks.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<svg
xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd"
xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape"
width="744.09448819"
height="1052.3622047"
id="svg2"
version="1.1"
inkscape:version="0.48.1 r9760"
>
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<filter id="F1" filterUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%">
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style="opacity:1;fill:#5d7cd5;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#ca0000;stroke-width:10.80000019;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"
id="rect2987"
width="234.28572"
height="168.57143"
x="120"
y="260.93362" />
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style="opacity:1;fill:#008080;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#ca0000;stroke-width:10.80000019000000044;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"
id="rect2989"
width="174.28572"
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y="369.50504" />
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style="opacity:1;fill:#aa4400;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#ca0000;stroke-width:10.80000019000000044;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"
id="rect2991"
width="257.14285"
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x="348.57144"
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style="opacity:1;fill:#6c5353;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#ca0000;stroke-width:10.80000019;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"
id="rect2993"
width="422.85715"
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x="285.71429"
y="226.6479" />
</g>
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A:
OK, I think I found the answer. The additional filter was:
<feComposite operator="arithmetic"
in="L2"
in2="R2"
k1="0.5" k2="0.5" k3="0.5"
/>
|
Vice President Mike Pence’s comments came after critics suggested the new deal didn’t accomplish much. | Matt Rourke/AP Photo White House Pence on immigration: ‘Time for Congress to step up!’
Vice President Mike Pence on Sunday commended President Donald Trump for striking a deal with Mexico over tariffs and immigration, but called out lawmakers by saying that “now it’s time for Congress to step up.”
“[email protected]’ strong stand got Mexico to do things they have never done before: 6,000 National Guard at their southern border, immigration checkpoints throughout Mexico & allow ALL illegal immigrants from Central America to remain in Mexico pending their asylum claims,” Pence wrote on Twitter.
“[email protected] got Mexico to step up... Now it’s time for Congress to step up!” Pence continued. “The American people want Congress to work with this Administration to reform our asylum laws, secure our border, and fix this broken immigration system once and for all! Let’s get it done!”
This past week, Mexico agreed to send 6,000 troops to its southern border with Guatemala, and the Trump administration dropped its threat to impose a 5 percent tariff on all exports. Trump’s tariff threat was made as a demand that Mexico curb the tide of migrants headed to the U.S-Mexico border.
Earlier on Sunday, Trump had defended his new agreement with Mexico, tweeting that there was more to it than what was announced. Pence’s comments came after critics suggested the new deal didn’t accomplish much. |
949 S.W.2d 357 (1997)
The STATE of Texas, Appellant,
v.
Mark NAILOR, Appellee.
No. 04-96-00804-CR.
Court of Appeals of Texas, San Antonio.
May 7, 1997.
Kimberly E. Young, San Antonio, for Appellee.
James Scott Sullivan, Assistant Criminal District Attorney, San Antonio, for Appellant.
Before RICKHOFF, STONE and DUNCAN, JJ.
OPINION
STONE, Justice.
The State appeals from the granting of a motion to suppress physical evidence. In an interlocutory appeal pursuant to article 44.01(a)(5) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, the State contends that the trial court applied an incorrect legal standard. For the following reasons, we reverse and remand.
*358 Facts
Mark Nailor was arrested in the Holiday Inn Riverwalk parking lot located on St. Mary's Street in downtown San Antonio for driving while intoxicated. Claiming that his arrest was illegal because it was made without a warrant and without probable cause, Nailor filed a motion to suppress physical evidence obtained from the arrest. Under article 14.01(a) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, an officer may arrest a person without a warrant if the person commits a class one felony offense or an offense against the public peace within the officer's presence. Driving while intoxicated occurs when a person is intoxicated while operating a motor vehicle in a public place. Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 49.04(a) (Vernon 1994). Being intoxicated in a public place is a breach of the peace. Romo v. State, 577 S.W.2d 251, 253 (Tex.Crim.App.1979).
The following evidence was elicited at the suppression hearing: Santos Hernandez, a Holiday Inn security officer, was informed by a valet driver that an individual, later identified as Nailor, "staggered" down a hallway and entered the parking garage. Entering the parking garage, Hernandez heard screeching tires, entered the third floor, and witnessed Nailor in a late model Lincoln driving in loops around the third floor. Nailor was driving at a high rate of speed and narrowly missing parked vehicles. Hernandez unsuccessfully attempted to stop Nailor with verbal commands and by blowing a whistle at him. Nailor momentarily stopped the vehicle when he hit a high curb. Hernandez approached the stopped Lincoln, banged on the window, and instructed Nailor to turn off the vehicle. Ignoring this request, Nailor sped forward, forcing a Holiday Inn employee to jump out of his path, and drove to the exit gate where he was met by San Antonio police officer, Anthony Johnson.
Officer Johnson appeared at the Holiday Inn in response to a DWI report. Nailor was sitting in the stopped Lincoln at the exit gate when Officer Johnson approached him. Nailor exited his vehicle and Officer Johnson observed the typical indications of intoxication. Nailor was unsteady on his feet, smelled of intoxicants, and his eyes were bloodshot. Hernandez informed Officer Johnson that Nailor was driving and had narrowly missed hitting several parked vehicles. Officer Johnson administered two field sobriety tests. Based on Nailor's performance of the tests, Hernandez's observations, and his training and personal observations of Nailor, Officer Johnson determined that Nailor was intoxicated and arrested him for driving while intoxicated.
Officer Johnson and Hernandez both testified that the Holiday Inn parking garage was a public place; access is not restricted to hotel guests. The parking lot is open twenty four hours a day and is used by individuals coming downtown for shopping or dining. Even though the parking lot is Holiday Inn's private property, anyone with a vehicle who wants to park in the lot is permitted. In fact, Hernandez testified that Holiday Inn advertises for monthly parking permits and rents monthly spaces to Southwestern Bell employees. Hernandez described the parking garage as a six level lot with a single exit and entrance located at the street level. Generally, payment is required to park in the garage, although occasionally the cashier is not present and individuals may exit without paying.
Relying upon Rouse v. State, 651 S.W.2d 736, 738 (Tex.Crim.App.1982) (finding that McDonald's parking lot was public road), Harris v. State, 499 S.W.2d 9, 10-11 (Tex. Crim.App.1973) (determining that privately owned parking lot was not public road), and Kapuscinski v. State, 878 S.W.2d 248, 250 (Tex.App.San Antonio 1994, pet. ref'd) (holding that mall parking lot is public place), appellee argued that the parking lot was not public and, therefore, Officer Johnson had no legal basis to arrest Nailor. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court granted the motion to suppress based on the finding that the Holiday Inn parking garage was not a public place.
Standard of Review
In a suppression hearing, the trial court is the sole trier of fact and the arbiter of the legal and historical significance of those facts. DuBose v. State, 915 S.W.2d 493, 496 (Tex.Crim.App.1996). The trial *359 court is free to accept or reject any or all of the offered evidence. Alvarado v. State, 853 S.W.2d 17, 23 (Tex.Crim.App.1993). We do not engage in our own factual review; but determine only if the record supports the trial court's findings. Romero v. State, 800 S.W.2d 539, 543 (Tex.Crim.App.1990). Reversal is appropriate only when the trial court abused its discretion; that is, only when it appears that the trial court applied an erroneous legal standard, or when no reasonable view of the record could support the trial court's conclusion. DuBose, 915 S.W.2d at 497-98.
A public place is defined as any place to which the public or a substantial group of the public has access and includes, but is not limited to, streets, highways, and the common areas of schools, hospitals, apartment houses, office buildings, transport facilities, and shops. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 1.07(a)(40) (Vernon 1994) (emphasis added). As noted, there was undisputed evidence before the trial court that the Holiday Inn parking lot is open to the public twenty four hours a day and is considered a public place. Individuals coming downtown for shopping and dining frequently park in the garage. Further, Holiday Inn advertises for and rents monthly parking permits to downtown business people. Clearly, Holiday Inn's parking lot is open to the public and, in fact, Holiday Inn solicits the public to use it.
In Kapuscinski, this court held that a mall parking lot was a public place as contemplated by section 1.07(a)(40) of the Texas Penal Code. Kapuscinski, 878 S.W.2d at 250. In so holding, it was noted that the individual drove onto the lot provided for guests at the nightclub. Id. The lot was described as having "traffic" lanes. Id. In the instant case, the trial court distinguished the facts of the instant case from the facts of Kapuscinski when it announced its decision. Specifically, the trial court stated:
Central Park Mall is a big wide open lot.... Anyone can drive off the street, drive into the parking lot.... [The Holiday Inn's parking lot] is not a common area. This is an area where you have to pay to go in.... It's not a commonly accessible parking lot in my view point like the one at Central Park.
These distinctions are without legal significance. First, that a lot is wide and open verses enclosed is irrelevant to the determination of whether the place is one to which the public has access. The relevant inquiry is whether the public can enter the premises. Second, a place can be public, despite the requirement of an entrance fee. See Lozano v. State, 650 S.W.2d 137, 139 (Tex.App. Houston [14th Dist.] 1983, no pet.) (determining that theater was public place within meaning of section 1.07 of Penal Code).
Appellee relies upon Rouse v. State, 651 S.W.2d 736 (Tex.Crim.App.1982), Harris v. State, 499 S.W.2d 9 (Tex.Crim.App.1973), and Schmitt v. State, 825 S.W.2d 549 (Tex.App. Beaumont 1992, no writ), to argue that the trial court properly determined that the parking lot at issue was not a public place. Rouse and Harris are inapplicable to the instant case because they occurred prior to the current version of the statutory definition of driving while intoxicated. In 1983, the statutory definition of driving while intoxicated, which previously involved driving on a public road or highway, was amended to state driving on any public place. Act of May 17, 1953, 53rd Leg., R.S., ch. 167, 1953 Tex. Gen. Laws 480, amended by Act of May 27, 1983, 68th Leg., R.S., ch. 303, § 3, 1983 Tex. Gen. Laws 1575. Schmitt is similarly inapplicable to the instant case because the offense at issue was driving without an operator's license which involves driving on a public street.
As this court noted and emphasized in Kapuscinski, the definition of public place is cast in broad language. Kapuscinski, 878 S.W.2d at 250. In the instant case, the undisputed evidence before the trial court was that the Holiday Inn parking lot operates in a manner in which access is granted to the public, and thus, it falls squarely within the definition of a public place. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 1.07(a)(40) (Vernon 1994). Having found that the trial court applied an erroneous legal standard, the judgment of the trial court is reversed and the cause is *360 remanded to the trial court for further proceedings.
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It would be easy to dismiss the Mattel/Netflix miniseries Ever After High as a ploy to sell dolls. It’s true each new season introduces new characters, and puts the existing favorites in new outfits, to entice little girls and collectors into opening their wallets. Nor do the dolls or the series do anything to outwardly disrupt the parade of pretty Princesses and “stick figure silicone Barbie doll” figures that have populated toy aisles and tween girl pop culture for the past 15-50 years.
But amidst the capitalism and princess-mania is a youth oriented progressive feminism that shouldn’t be overlooked. Last Saturday my ten year old daughter and I watched the latest season—four 24 minute episodes new to Netflix at the end of January—together, as we have the whole series, and it’s occupied my thoughts since. Continue reading Progressively Ever After?
The first half of Supergirl’s premiere season has had its ups and downs to be sure. While it was a bumpy and heavy-handed start, the last four episodes were solid hours of entertaining television. While they are not without their faults, they were vast improvements over the first five episodes.
So ahead of tonight’s brand new episode, let’s talk about what is finally working and what still isn’t. Spoilers ahead!
If we are honest with ourselves, what needed the most work was the portrayal of women, especially the portrayal of Cat Grant. Seeing as this show’s main characters are mostly female, this was quite problematic. More than anything, Cat was the character who was truly disappointing. She had the most potential to be a positive portrayal of a strong and powerful woman. She was not. However, more than any other character, Cat has grown the most.
Cat is still very much a work in progress. For as far as I think she has come, she has at least that far to go. She has, much like the show itself, been unevenly written, as if the writers and producers can’t quite decide if they want her to be a Miranda Priestly or surrogate mother/big sister to Kara/Supergirl. They tried, and failed, to show her as a strong and intelligent feminist businesswoman in those early episodes. Instead, she was bitchy, catty, and downright mean to just about everyone with whom she comes in contact. She really was the antithesis of how feminism should be portrayed.
However, in Livewirewe were given a glimpse of character development, and reasoning behind why Cat is such a bitch. But mommy issues can only take a character so far. In these last four episodes, they went further. They showed she has compassion for others, and can even give some good role model type advice to Kara. While I still don’t completely love Cat, she’s slowly earning a place as a redeeming character worth liking.
In Red Faced, in a wonderfully drunken stupor that was a nice nod to Cat’s alcoholism in the comics, Cat actually gives Kara useful advice and begins to actually earn that whole role model job. After being dismissed by her mother, Cat takes her anger out on Kara, who in turn screams back at Cat. Instead of losing her mind or firing Kara, Cat calmly tells her to forward all their calls, because they are going out. They head to the bar for a heart to heart.
During that heart to heart, Cat lays out the problem with being a woman in the workplace. Men are allowed to be angry and have emotions. Women are not, and if they do show anger or extreme emotion, it is considered professional suicide. She advises that Kara find the reason behind her anger so she can deal with it. Kara does just that since she can’t just attend a kickboxing class to work it out, she and James have their own fight club in an abandoned garage, where James takes his anger (at General Lane) out on a punching bag and Kara uses a car to work through her anger. Once again, explaining something every woman knows, Kara tells James that while girls are taught to smile and keep all of their emotions on the inside, boys are allowed to be angry. But after beating the crap out of a car, seriously she destroyed it, Kara realizes that Cat was right. Kara’s not really angry with Cat, she’s angry that any chance she had at a normal life ended when she left Krypton.
I want to point out that one of the things that this show has always portrayed well is anger. Very few female characters are allowed to be angry on screen. They can talk about how they were angry in the past or how something might make them angry, but they are never quite allowed to show that anger or experience it to its fullest. All of the women in this show get to not only acknowledge their anger, but we are allowed to watch them experience it and work through it in a healthy way. And that is a good thing for all.
In my opinion, the biggest corner turned for Cat was during Hostile Takeover. Cat’s personal emails have been leaked and are being reported on everywhere. Cat tells Kara to find the source of the leak. Together with James and Winn, Kara uncovers a plot where the Chairman of the Board of CatCo is attempting to use Cat’s personal emails to get her to step down so he can take over the company.
The Boys of Justice at work
Before the Boys of Justice find proof of the plan, Cat decides to step down. You see, she has an older son that she hasn’t seen in years and rather than have him the center of a media frenzy, Cat will give up her company and her dreams. In other words, she is sacrificing herself to protect her son. With that decision, Cat becomes a person who is likable. She isn’t just some bitchy boss, she is a complex character who has a full range of emotions, even if we haven’t seen them yet. She still has quite a ways to go, but she is finally on the right path to becoming the feminist role model that the producers think she should have been from the beginning.
In her own way, Cat has even begun to do what is best for Kara. Whether or not it actually is what was best is a bit irrelevant. Cat thinks what she is doing is best for Kara/Supergirl. And that is what is important here. After figuring out that Kara is Supergirl at the end of Hostile Takeover, Cat spends the majority of Blood Bonds trying to prove it regardless of how much Kara denies it. In Cat’s head, every minute Kara wastes as her assistant is a minute that someone is not getting saved. So for the greater good of National City, Cat insists that Kara prove she isn’t Supergirl or she is fired. For Cat, this is just as much a selfless act as her willingness to give up her company because she knows how much easier Kara makes her life.
Eventually, Kara does, with the help of J’onn J’onzz, a.k.a. the Martian Manhunter, a.k.a Hank Henshaw, prove to Cat that she isn’t Supergirl. (Side note: Now that Kara knows Hank is J’onn J’onzz, I am super excited to see his relationship with Kara develop.) When faced with both Supergirl and Kara, Cat is convinced that they don’t even look that much alike. So Kara’s identity remains a secret from Cat, for now anyway. Crisis averted.
One of the things that Greg Berlanti and friends do so well is portray family dynamics, whether they be blood or found family. Supergirl is no different, but the early portrayals of these relationships felt forced, well a lot of things early on felt forced, like the dialogue. Now these characters seem to be comfortable, not only in their skin but with each other. I believe that these characters have genuine concern and emotion for each other and that we are seeing the beginning of that found family that is the core of both Arrow and The Flash.
Is Supergirl a perfect show? No. It is entertaining. And, I believe, it is finally on the path portraying women, their emotions, and their relationships properly. The only way to tell is to tune in tonight and see for yourself. ‘Til next time…
As I’ve said before, my daughter loves Star Wars. I’m sure it comes as no surprise to anyone that there is a small number of female characters in the Star Wars galaxy. And at her young age, even my fledgling padawan has noticed the lack of women in the galaxy. She would rather pretend to be Luke or Anakin because they get more involved in the action of the story. (“Leia needs to be rescued and Padme dies, Mom.”) Yes, Princess, now General, Leia and Padme do get in on the action, but if we are all honest with ourselves, the boys are the ones who get to play the role of hero and save the day.
And then came Rey. Ladies and gentleman, boys and girls, I am here to tell you that Rey is the feminist hero we have been waiting for all this time.
And friends, she’s not even trying.
Now, on the off chance that you have not seen The Force Awakens yet, what the heck are you waiting for?? GO. Now! Then come back and read the spoilers below!
When we first meet her in in Episode One, it’s pretty clear that Padmé Amidala is supposed to be the new/old Leia. She is a young royal from a small, peaceful planet. She has high ideals and a strong will. She gives orders and makes battle plans. She makes a desperate appeal, cheers up the protagonist, and presides over a medal ceremony. Continue reading In Defense of Padmé Amidala: The Queen’s Sacrifice
I love Lois Lane. I can’t remember a time when I didn’t. When I was little I’d go with my dad to the drug store and he’d buy the Sunday paper for himself and a Superman’s Girlfriend, Lois Lane comic for me.
When I had my kids I thought I could share my comics and my favorite character. Well. The joke was on me. They were not interested beyond the animated and live action.
My daughter read Fallout and said to me “About that Lois Lane book?” I braced myself to hear what would break my heart. Then? “I loved it.” I can’t even tell you how excited I was. However, I remained outwardly calm as we talked about the book and the character in general. Continue reading In Defense of Silver Age Lois Lane
Hi, Friends. I am so sorry for the delay in this week’s Supergirl post. Sometimes even Superheroes get sick. So without further ado, let’s dive into Fight or Flight.
Spoilers ahead!!
This week, we pick up right where we left off, with Cat, car and all, on a roof and Supergirl ready for her close up. Well not quite close up. She flies around Cat while they talk, presumably to avoid being identified. Although I have to say, it seemed to me that the producers were just looking for a reason to have her fly or float as the case may be.
To kick off the interview Cat asks, “Who are you?” In response, Kara begins to tell her origin story, which bores Cat who has heard it before. “This is my story!” Kara asserts. Cat begins to pose deeper questions that are just dripping with disdain as if she’s bored and annoyed by Supergirl.
This incarnation of Cat Grant has been set up to be a role model for Kara/Supergirl and frankly her portrayal is far from that of a role model.
She does not have Supergirl’s best interests at heart, as any good role model should. She is only interested in Supergirl as a story that can enhance her career. Supergirl’s failure will serve Cat better, far better, than any of her successes. In fact, Cat seems to be rooting for Supergirl’s failure, as it will clearly provide a more enthralling story. Continue reading Supergirl 1.3 Flight of Fight – Cat Grant & How Not to Portray Feminism
When I was about seven years old, my mom took my brother and me to see Bambi. This was the first Disney movie that I remember seeing. For the first time in my life, I sat in silence. I was amazed by the talking animals on the enormous screen before me. This was, as I remember it, my introduction to the Wonderful World of Disney. And I have been in awe ever since.
However, as I grew older, and a bit more feminist, I noticed hardly anyone in Disney’s movies had a mom who lived through or stuck around for the entire movie. The closer I looked, the more I realized nobody seemed to have a mom, and the modelesque heroines didn’t seem to have any goals outside of snagging a prince.
We haven’t fully cut the cable cord, but we have dramatically cut back on our subscription. Our kids are such astute users of Netflix and Hulu (and TiVo) that live TV befuddles them. As a mom, that means I’m watching a very wide variety of TV from across channels I’ve never watched and countries I’ve never been to. That also means I can walk you through what to expect from these new-to-us shows.
SheZow, an Australian-Canadian show, is one my kids found over the summer.
SheZow exemplifies the problems of having an interesting thought or making a funny one-liner joke and then trying to flesh it out into a full idea. What would happen if a superhero, upon becoming that hero for the first time, found him- or herself in the wrong set of circumstances? Thus was born Guy Hamdon, also known as the greatest female superhero, SheZow.
The calendar may say it’s spring, but the summer movie season is officially upon us with the release of the sequel to 2012’s blockbuster The Avengers this weekend. It’s Marvel, it’s Joss Whedon, and it’s the Avengers, so there’s no question Avengers: Age of Ultron is going to be a megahit to rival, perhaps even surpass, its predecessor.
A traditional review seems rather pointless for a film like this. I mean, if you want to see it you’re going to see it, no matter what the critics say (for the record, I say it’s a whole lot of fun and well worth your time). What’s more valuable, I think, is an exploration of the issues the film raises, particularly in terms of the depiction of its main female hero, Black Widow (deftly portrayed by Scarlett Johansson).
Due to some grossly insensitive comments made by a couple of the actors in an interview (et tu, Evans?) and the observation that Black Widow has been woefully underrepresented when it comes to merchandise, the character has become a lightning rod for controversy on the fringes of the Avengers franchise. And let’s not forget that despite Johansson’s popularity and the rich well of story material, there’s still no sign of a Black Widow standalone film.
These are all legitimate gripes, important to the ongoing conversation about the treatment (or, sadly more often, mistreatment) of women in Hollywood. Yet it always seems as though there are those lying in wait for things like this to happen, ready to fire up the outrage machine and whipping out hashtags like pre-printed Super Bowl championship T-shirts. There’s a old newspaper saying: “Never pick a fight with anyone who buys ink by the barrel.” The updated version is: “Never offend anyone who sells ad space by the page click.” To be fair, it doesn’t help that tone-deaf filmmakers, actors, and studios fall into the trap every single time.
So now, instead of talking about Black Widow’s arc in Age of Ultron, we’re drawn into a larger debate about slut shaming and invisible protagonists on retail shelves. There are plenty of places where you can engage in that worthy discussion, but I’m not going to get into all of that here (others have covered the topic quite thoroughly). What I’d rather focus on is Natasha’s storyline in the film itself, an aspect often overlooked in the midst of all these external elements.
This is where I must to pause to issue a spoiler warning before continuing. The following article will deal with some minor plot points from the film. I won’t be revealing any major details about the final act or any of the other character’s storylines (except where they directly intersect with Black Widow), but if you want to go in truly knowing nothing you may want to stop here and come back after you’ve seen the film. Otherwise, let’s dive right in.
Image credit: Marvel Entertainment
Setting aside for the moment her appearances in previous MCU installments, I would argue that the storyline Whedon has written for Black Widow in Age of Ultron is actually quite empowering. The sweeping action sequence in the film’s opening shows her fighting shoulder to shoulder with her male counterparts. They value her for her skills and what she can contribute to the team. No one talks down to her, flirts with her, or considers her lesser because of her gender. She’s the only one who points out the difference, often jokingly referring to her compatriots as “boys.”
In a way, Natasha Romanoff is the spiritual successor to Peggy Carter, achieving the equality and respect among her colleagues that Peggy could only dream about in the 1940s. I believe in giving credit where it’s due, and Whedon has made Black Widow an intrinsic part of the Avengers, consumer products not withstanding.
It’s Natasha herself who goes and challenges that dynamic by not only having romantic feelings for Bruce Banner (Mark Ruffalo), but expressing them to him outright. She takes the initiative, making it clear to him that she’s still considering whether to go for it, and if she does it will be on her terms. It’s sort of adorable the way Bruce has no idea what to do with this declaration. He’s obviously interested (even the “other guy” has a soft spot for her), but has convinced himself he’s damaged goods. What he doesn’t realize is that’s exactly what she sees in him. She’s damaged too, and looking for someone who won’t judge her for it.
I’ve heard some critics take issue with the fact that Black Widow in Age of Ultron is basically defined by her relationship to a man, as if somehow that diminishes her as a character in comparison to her male counterparts. I don’t agree with either part of that assessment, but let’s say for the sake of argument that the first part is valid and her journey in the film is centered around her connection with Bruce. If that’s true of Natasha, then it’s true of Bruce too, since they are on a parallel path. Their story is about trying to find some shred of good in a whole lot of bad. The question that unites them is whether they are too far gone for redemption. Love is one measure of redemption, but it’s not Natasha’s only option.
Don’t get me wrong, I’m not saying the film should be held up as beacon of feminism or anything. Though it features a handful of outstanding female characters, they scarcely interact.
I especially wanted to see more of the strong friendship hinted at between Natasha and another female character outside of the world of the Avengers, but their screen time together is minimal. Certainly there’s room for improvement on the Bechdel front. What I’m arguing is that Black Widow is far from marginalized in the source material, even if she gets the shaft everywhere else.
Age of Ultron is a very crowded film, with lots of moving parts. That Whedon was able to serve so many characters, even in a minimal way, and still keep the running time under three hours is an impressive feat of storytelling.
I encourage Black Widow fans to see the film themselves and form their own opinion, outside of the Internet echo chamber. You may come to a completely different conclusion, and that’s fine. That’s great. That’s a discussion I’d love to have.
A series of strange conversations prompted me to write this article about heroes: discussions of superheroes, jerks, and yes, even underpants.
I was told pretty plainly by a couple of people that any girl would be a fool to turn down Superman over Batman, or Captain America over Iron Man. Iron Man’s a jerk, isn’t he? Batman is tortured, and who wants a guy with all those issues? Why not go for a REAL hero? The nice, polite guys who would treat you like a princess?
This got me thinking, quite a bit, actually. Didn’t I deserve to be treated like… well, all I can think of is a “damsel.” Shouldn’t men behave in a chivalrous way toward me? Be my protector, be my rock? I suppose that’s nice for some people. I suppose some women like men to open doors for them, and carry the groceries, and tell them they are beautiful all the time.
But I find I’m just not one of those women. I find all those things kind of condescending. Sure it’s nice, if my hands are full and I’m having a hard time, for someone to get the door. But I am perfectly capable of doing things for myself too. Yes, I’ve stood and waited for guys to open the car door, but to tell you the truth, it gets old after a while. It’s much faster if I just get the door for myself. But I *get* the whole chivalry thing, really I do. I’m not saying that guys shouldn’t woo a woman in that way. It’s just not what I find attractive.
As the conversations about heroes went on in their various venues, I started to wonder—why is it that I am attracted to the tortured heroes, the anti-heroes, and the guys that some consider to be self-centered jerks? I mean, my mom was worried about me when I was younger, because I always went for the cold, calculating types, the selfish guys bordering on the obnoxious: the Professor Snapes, the Darth Vaders, the Batmen, and the Iron Men. I’d even go for the kind of villainous Lokis and Goblin Kings. The dark, the slightly mad.
As someone pointed out, these guys certainly aren’t easy to love. Well, maybe, for me, that’s part of it. There’s a challenge to these guys. I have to be more than just a pretty face, more than just an ordinary girl. I have to be my best me (and even a little wicked…). And I LOVE a guy who can bring out the best in me (the same with the wickedness). Working to impress these men won’t work. A woman has to be something special to get through to these guys, something real. And who doesn’t love to think that maybe they are that something special?
This wasn’t enough, however, to really explain why I dug these types of “heroes.” It wasn’t until someone said something along the lines of, “Heroes fill the need you have. That’s what makes them your hero,” then finally, it clicked.
I don’t need a superhero, some invincible hunk of a man. I need someone I can be on more even ground with. I don’t just want a hero. I want to be someone else’s hero, too. I want to rescue him even as he might rescue me. I’m strong enough to be his rock. I’m strong enough to handle his vulnerabilities, just as he can help me with my own.
I’m not saying someone should be codependent, or get involved in an unhealthy relationship so that they can “save” someone. But don’t sell yourself short. Don’t just settle for being a hero’s rescue toy. Show them that you are a hero, too. Even Superman has his vulnerabilities. They need a strong woman to listen, to understand, and to be there for them.
No, I don’t need a hero to rescue me. But maybe I do need one to make me be all the woman I can be. I need my personal hero, the one who is right for me.
How about you? Do you have a hero? Spill it—who is he? Would you rather rescue him, or be rescued by him? Do you like an all-good guy, or a guy with a bit of the devil to him?
Disney has spent a lot of time re-examining its traditional tales. In Frozen, the not-at-all passive princess saves the kingdom from the evil prince. In Maleficent, the evil queen turns out to not be so evil after all. And we’re not even going to start with Once Upon a Time. By retelling Cinderella, this story could have actually gone back to much older versions of the fairy tale, where the father isn’t so kind-hearted and the stepsisters are willing to cut off pieces of their feet in order to fit into the tiny golden shoe. That would make for some fine family viewing, eh?
Cinderella does not reinvent the basic Disney version of this story. There are no major plot surprises in the retelling. Her stepsisters are still wicked. Her pumpkin still turns into a coach, and our heroine is still the pleasant peasant girl who gets rescued by the prince. The message of the story, we are told perhaps a little too repeatedly, is “have courage and be kind.”
Kenneth Branagh has reinterpreted this live-action Cinderella to feel like a golden age of Hollywood classic (with English accents). Cate Blanchett’s wicked stepmother wanders around in 1940’s inspired hats with veils, pin-curled updos, bright red lips, and “mode de Paris.” The stepsisters don peter pan collars, loud prints, big curly hair, and pink, fuzzy 1950’s inspired sweater shrugs. Cinderella’s ball dress looks as if it mixed the original cartoon dress with a little Scarlett O’Hara and a lot of Swarovski crystals.
While the update remains consistent with the animated classic, this live-action movie is longer, and the characters are a little deeper. Cinderella, we learn, is really named Ella and given the nickname Cinder-Ella by her wicked stepsisters. Our prince has a name in this story (Kit) and motivations and friends. He’s not just a cardboard figure on a horse (though the love-at-first-sight aspect is probably the weakest part of the movie). Even the wicked stepmother isn’t completely without depth. She’s still despicable, but she’s not a mindless sociopath.
Cinderella is still mostly a passive damsel in distress, but she does have some agency. She claims she remains in the house her parents loved by choice. When she confronts her wicked stepmother, she makes another choice, and movie-goers will cheer at the scene. I would have liked to have seen a stronger princess from post-Frozen Disney, but at least she wasn’t a total doormat. She didn’t seem to want to save herself, but she consistently tried to save others (have courage and be kind).
Lily James (Rose on Downton Abbey) is a very charming and innocent Cinderella. Her fellow Downton Abbey castmember Sophie McShera plays one of her wicked stepsisters (there’s a brief nod with a servant bell scene). Helena Bonham Carter is a wonderfully quirky fairy godmother, and Hayley Atwell (Agent Carter) has a brief part as Cinderella’s biological mother. We get a “real” prince (Richard Madden) from Game of Thrones—without any red weddings.
I brought my teen daughter along to the preview to hear her take. She thought the movie was mostly pretty good and the fairy stepmother scenes were fantastic, but she was disappointed that there wasn’t more complexity to the storyline. She also thought Cinderella was “too mellow” in her reactions and should be less passive.
Overall, this is still a fun, family-friendly feel-good movie, even if it isn’t telling us a new story. But don’t take that as encouragement to keep making more movies about passive heroines. Next time give us a little more self-rescuing princess.
Being a geek is becoming more and more mainstream. Yet there are still stereotypes of what makes a geek a “geek.” Being a comic book fan is a quintessential sign, and often linked to the old-school idea of socially-inept, single guys. For women who proclaim their love of comics (like me), it’s just…strange.
But that is changing. I was just invited to a Fan Girls Night Out at my local comic store by another mom who is also into comics. There are more of us than you realize. And although it may seem new to the mainstream world, it is far from abnormal. The history of women in comics as both fans and within the industry stretches back to the beginning.
The new documentary She Makes Comics is an eye-opening and heartfelt look at women within the history of comics, and I highly recommend watching it. The film is directed by Marisa Stotter and produced by Patrick Meaney and Jordan Rennert of Respect!Films. It is executive produced by Sequart’s Julian Darius and Mike Phillips and by Columbia University comics librarian Karen Green. It is a series of interwoven interviews of passionate people with different roles and points of view. My teenage son and I watched it together, finding it informative and entertaining.
Did you know that women and men made up equal numbers of comic book readership before the 1950s? American comics were about many topics, had various settings, and reflected every possible interest. By the ’70s, women readers started to drop off dramatically, partly due to the focus on male superheroes as the best-seller comic book theme, as well as the feminist movement awakening a generation of women who were tired of the same “wedding bliss” ending. An underground women’s comic movement began, and it was fascinating listening to the creators talk about it on camera: both the excitement and the fears.
Several women really changed the comic book world, from Wendy Pini, the original chain-mail bikini awesome cosplayer who then created ElfQuest, to Janette Kahn, former publisher of DC who broke the glass ceiling, to Gail Simone, notable comic writer, and author of Women in Refrigerators, an unapologetic look at how female characters are unfairly treated in comic stories, to Kelly Sue DeConnick, the creator of the hugely popular female Captain Marvel, and many more.
How do women get into comics in the first place? Better comics. The consensus of the interviewees was: Give us a variety of women featured, complex characters, and in-depth storytelling. As an X-Men fan, it was cool to know how many other women in this film cited that series as their turn-on to the whole genre. The fact that the male creator of the series had two female editors makes sense. Neil Gaiman’s Sandman was another “gateway” comic, again, with a female editor. In fact, that editor, Karen Berger, is credited with developing the talents of some of the biggest names in comics for the past several decades.
I personally got into comics in the 1990s, and was quite alone. I took my two young children to the comic book store and was the only female there, let alone a mother. I found it interesting to hear about that time period. The film talked about how more women were getting into the creative side of comics then, but still not equally represented by a long-shot. The industry was not welcome to women or women-centered stories, but also, women are not as confidant in promoting themselves.
Comics used to be sold in supermarkets and bookstores, but then only in specific comic stores that were (and mostly still are) very much a bachelor den of boob posters and all-male staff who assume a girl is only there because she is dating a comic book fan. In 1994, a support organization for women in comics was created called Friends of Lulu which put out a book helping comic book stores understand how to attract more females to their stores—why shut out the biggest consumers in the country? The internet ushered in a huge change. This has given women a place to connect, collaborate, and share their love of comics. The film also mentions the influence of the manga craze during that time as well, with comics targeted to girls.
There is so much to this film, but what stood out to me most was the passion of the people interviewed, and the range of ages. I loved hearing from the elder pioneers in the industry, as well as the younger talents of today. Inspiring the next generation of comic creators came up a lot, and is something I support wholeheartedly. Everyone should be able to express themselves in whatever medium suits them best, boys and girls. Check out the film!
She Makes Comics is now available to order on DVD and as a digital download at SheMakesComics.com.
The announcement of a female writer on Wonder Woman would, under most circumstances, be met with praise. But the announcement that Meredith Finch, who has only a few comic credits to her resume, would be writing the book while her husband, well-known artist David Finch, would be on art was met instead with skepticism. Wonder Woman is an important character to put in the hands of a newcomer to comics and Finch’s art has been criticized as overly cheesecake-y, an opinion that I share.
It didn’t help that David Finch gave an interview in which he seemed to be shying away from Wonder Woman’s essential feminism. With the character’s visibility as high as it’s ever been, it seemed odd to not use the “feminism” word in regards to one of the icons of feminism.
With the first issue of the new creative team, Wonder Woman #36, due out on Wednesday, 11/19, DC offered me a chance to interview Meredith Finch about the controversy, her view of Wonder Woman, and what she hopes to accomplish with the run. She also talks about why she believes her husband’s art is well-suited to the character.
GeekMom: Gail Simone said about her take on the character: “If you need an army, call Wonder Woman.” What’s your take on her role in the DCU?
Meredith Finch: For me, Wonder Woman is the epitome of love. Superman is good. Batman is brilliance. Wonder Woman brings the strength of unconditional love.
GM: What kind of storylines will be featured in your run?
Wonder Woman #36, page 10. Copyright DC Comics
MF: Our first arc will be focused on introducing a new villain to Diana’s life and we plan to explore more intimately how Diana is affected by the different roles she plays in her life—she’s a member of the Justice League, she’s in a relationship with Superman, she’s The God of War and has siblings and she’s Queen of the Amazons.
GM: What do you hope people take away about Wonder Woman from reading your run?
MF: I really want people to feel even more connected with Diana at the end of our first arc. I want them to be able to relate to her on a personal level and say yah, “I’ve been there, or felt that.” Yes, she’s a superhero, but first and foremost, she’s a person.
GM: What Wonder Woman story do you think best demonstrates her role as a feminist role model?
MF: Being a relative newcomer to comics, I have really tried to stay away from past incarnations. I don’t want to look too far back on what has been done because looking at the incredible history and trying to live up to it can be crippling. I want to move forward and continue to explore what has been established for her in the new 52.
GM: What is your favorite Wonder Woman run and why?
MF: Definitely the Brian Azzarello/Cliff Chiang run [the creative team that rebooted Wonder Woman in the new 52] has been the most influential to me. What they have created, the characters, the settings, the conflicts… they have all been great stepping stones for our story.
Main cover to Wonder Woman #36, copyright DC Comics
GM: What do you think is Wonder Woman’s one over-riding characteristic?
MF: Again, I have to go back to the virtue of love. I really believe that Diana does what she does because she has such a deep and abiding love for humanity. I always try to keep that central in my thoughts when I’m writing.
GM: You have written one comic book story to date. Why do you think you are the right person to write Wonder Woman at a time when her visibility has never been higher?
MF: I don’t know that I can unabashedly say that I’m the right person for the job.
However, I do know that I have a deep affection for the character and feel really connected to who she is and what she’s all about. Being a mother is such an amazing, joyful, intense experience, and it’s that unconditional love that I feel for my children that I’m bringing to the character of Wonder Woman. It takes us mortals a long time to garner the kind of wisdom Diana seems to have been born with. Hopefully I can share some of my knowledge and experience with her as we get to know each other.
GM: Wonder Woman is an Amazon and therefore has a strong physical presence and a maturity beyond her years. Why do you think David Finch is the best person to portray her, especially as his art been criticized as too much T&A in the past?
MF: When you have a career that is a long and as successful as David’s I think that it is clear that the majority of people are simply enjoying the beauty of the artwork that David puts on the page. When I first met him I was absolutely blown away by his talent. It comes very naturally to him and he only has to decide he’s going to do something, like painting for example, and suddenly he’s a painter. The longer I’ve known him, the more I learned about how seriously he takes his craft.
I hope that people look at this book and really appreciate his level of talent and the beauty of his art.
GM: What’s your creative process? Do you storyboard your scripts or use another method?
MF: The great thing about working with your spouse is that you can do a little of everything. For the first couple of scripts, I wrote the setting and the dialogue and then David drew the pages from that. Issue three was a bit of a challenge for me. I had been away from writing for the summer, with the kids, and it was hard to get back into it. I knew what I wanted to do, but wasn’t sure about the pacing. When I talked to Dave about it he suggested we lay out what I already had and it was a really positive experience for both of us. I’m sure our working style will continue to evolve the more we work together.
GM: Where would you like to take your writing in the future? Dream job?
MF: I’m writing Wonder Woman! I don’t know if it gets better, in terms of comic dream jobs. That being said I have always had it in my head that I would write a book about the experience of raising my oldest son. He has CHARGE Syndrome and a crystal ball or “How to Guide” would have been a great thing to have 13 years ago.
When you are going through the experience of raising a child with special needs you don’t have a What to Expect in the First Year book to turn to. If a book about my experiences gives even one mother a sense of relief and comfort, then I’ll consider myself a success.
Wonder Woman #36 goes on sale this Wednesday at all local comic shops and at Comixology.com.
There are many reasons to enjoy The Legend of Korra. It’s full of action: stunning martial arts, elemental power fights, speeding car chases, airship rides, and flying bison. There’s comedy in every episode: Bolin’s silly and frightening romance with Eska, one-liner brilliance from Varrick, and various cute animal antics. There’s romance too. The plot keeps moving and moving. The characters grow and change. And the world itself is artistically creative and engaging.
But there are other, very important reasons to watch The Legend of Korra, and I will give you a brief description of some characters to prove the first one:
1. A trainee who will never let a friend down, but is quick to fight and lacks patience.
2. A ruler who keeps order with cruelty, and steals from the people.
3. A stylish and good-looking engineer who likes fast cars and planes.
4. A thoughtful child who struggles with Dad to take on responsibility.
5. A captain of the police force who doesn’t crack a smile, but is clever and self-sacrificing.
These characters may not be anything you haven’t seen in a show, but in this case they are all female and in the same show- sometimes even the same episode! Gasp!
Like its predecessor, Avatar: The Last Airbender, the female population is represented in an equal and diverse way—the way it should be in every story. I wrote a post awhile back called “Great Heroines for Boys“: “Why should you encourage your son to read books with heroines? That’s easy. You want your son to grow up knowing that a strong female for a friend, wife, or boss is normal and good.”
Korra is the lead character in the show, but she is far from the only interesting girl and woman to watch. When first watching, you may think it is female heavy in its speaking and side characters, but don’t be fooled! We have been trained to see mostly males on screen, even though our real world is half and half. When seeing something in entertainment that is closer to reality, it seems odd. That’s a good reason to watch Korra with your kids. Make seeing women and girls as part of the “normal” storytelling world. Regardless if they are good, bad, speaking, or in the background—just make us be there!
Are there awesome boys and men? Absolutely! The cast is full of great male heroes, villains, and some that play both sides too.
Besides being diverse with gender roles, I have never seen a show that has strong characters of so many different ages—this is truly a family show where everyone can see themselves in a cool role. There are children to kick ass, teens that kick ass, mid-lifers that kick-ass, and a couple of grannies that made me laugh. When Lin Beifong had a big scene at the end of Season One, I found my new hero—and she was an older woman with gray hair. In season three we meet her sister (with curly gray hair!).
Working through relationships is a huge part of the plot lines between siblings, friends, children and parents, and romantic interests; even the spiritual essence of GOOD and EVIL had a relationship to balance out. One of the overall plot arcs is a romance with Mako, the angsty, fire bending teen boy. Within the first two seasons (or books), Mako alternately is dating the main character Korra, and/or Asami. They all make mistakes, and by the third season Mako isn’t dating anyone. Asami and Korra become friends, and it’s an important relationship for both of them. And although it’s awkward with Mako for awhile, eventually the need to work together overshadows everything else, and he is able to be friends with his exes. Rarely do series show the normal ups and downs of dating, such as how time is needed to heal, and how to handle it all in a mature way.
I recommend The Legend of Korra because it proves that bringing quality and equality to cartoons only adds to the fun and entertainment. We need more shows like this!
Love it or loathe it, there’s simply no denying the cultural impact of Twilight. Since the publication of the first book in 2005, The Twilight Saga has helped fuel an explosion in young adult literature. It has become the basis of uncountable internet memes, produced four best-selling novels and five blockbuster movies, and launched three relatively unknown actors into global superstardom. Screening Twilight takes a critical look at the saga and its place in the wider cultural landscape through a collection of academic essays that touch on widely varied areas of interest.
It is often the case that popular culture texts that appeal to the masses are dismissed by academics in favor of more “worthy” subjects of study. For example, consider the reading list of a university English literature course. They are filled with Wordsworth, Homer, Milton, and Eliot, but rarely, if ever, with even a single example of the works which populate the NYT bestsellers list: Lee Child, James Patterson, or Jodi Picoult. Screening Twilight begins with this lament, opining that the study of The Twilight Saga as cultural phenomena has been dismissed as lightweight and frivolous, even within the field of fandom studies.
“Indeed,” the introduction goes, “the criticism of the saga and surrounding franchise often relies on the same sort of gendered lens that not only constructs females as rabid, hysterical consumers, but also as silly fangirls.” It states the important notion that “just because something is popular does not mean it is undeserving of critical, serious” attention, even pointing out that the “dismissive attitude towards the popular seems all the more likely when a cultural phenomena is coded as ‘feminine.’” The link between femininity and cultural dismissal is a topic that will be returned to frequently throughout the pages.
The book is divided into five sections that tackle genre and reception, myth, sexual dysfunction and sexuality, post-colonialism and racial whiteness, and deviating fandom. I found myself most interested in the chapters on genre, specifically those that dealt with the saga’s place within femininity and feminism. An especially eye-opening section of the book appeared in Mark Jancovich’s essay “‘Cue the Shrieking Virgins’?: The Critical Reception of The Twilight Saga.” Jancovich discusses how many of the films’ reviews focused more on the behavior of its audience than on the relative merits of the films themselves, even to the level of criticizing the teenage girls watching for being “rapt with attention,” instead of gossiping and texting. It is pointed out that the way Twilight’s fans have been portrayed by the media causes them to be “othered,” seen as homogeneous and irrelevant to the more sophisticated and “rational” people reading the review. Considering how the media’s depiction of the Twilight demographic has gradually widened to include nearly all women, this then becomes a belittling of women in general and gives rise to the interesting situation in which predominantly male critics adopt the mantle of feminism in order to condemn women and their interests. SFX magazine bemoaned New Moon as “a century of feminism down the drain,” yet as Jancovich points out, the same magazines fails to take “the same stance against the anti-feminist politics of more male-centred films.”
“It does seem odd,” the author adds, “ that a man is the only figure who can be found to authorize feminism.”
The Twilight Saga has indeed faced untold amounts of criticism from all directions—often with good reason—giving rise to the anti-fans, a group whose primary love of the texts is in criticizing them. In fact, Twilight is a rare franchise in that loving criticism constitutes a principal interest for many of its fans. In Francesca Haig’s essay “Guilty Pleasures: Twilight, Snark and Critical Fandom,” a rather brilliant example of this “loving criticism” is given in an extract from Cleolinda Jones’ “Twilight in Fifteen Minutes” recaps. The essay discusses fan shame, something I have experienced myself and discussed at length when reviewing Fangasm: Supernatural Fangirls, and the understanding that fans can identify flaws and problems within the text (such as Edward’s controlling behavior towards Bella), but still enjoy the text as a whole. This is somewhat similar to the mantra of Feminist Frequency’s Anita Sarkeesian that “it’s entirely possible to be critical of some aspects of a piece of media while still finding other parts valuable and enjoyable.” Haig looks at the common comparison of Twilight to junk food as “mindless, sugary indulgence,” but also points out that this is flawed logic, unless of course, you regularly indulge in detailed, critical analysis of cake…
While I found myself utterly engaged with many of the essays and having my views of both Twilight and its surrounding media culture significantly widened, there were of course essays and points I disagreed with. Ruth O’Donnell’s “My Distaste for Forks: Twilight, Oral Gratification, and Self-Denial” brings a Freudian analysis to the saga, describing the saga as “an exploration of [Bella’s] experience of… abandonment and anger toward [her mother Renee].” The essay argues that the vampiric obsession with the oral through motifs of biting, sucking, and “insatiable oral craving” can be linked to Bella’s regression to the oral stage of babyhood. That her relationship with Edward is “a reflection of Bella’s… unresolved issues with her mother”—not a viewpoint I personally agree with. On an entirely different subject, the discussions of the ways race is portrayed within the saga make for often uncomfortable reading, especially the section on the ways white power and privilege is encoded throughout in both overt and frighteningly subtle ways.
As a Twilight fan myself, indeed one identifying close to an anti-fan, I was interested to see how the saga would be portrayed across these collected essays. I found my horizons significantly expanded and my understanding deepened by each one and by the end of the book, I was thinking hard over the significance of countless scenes and tropes that I had earlier paid little attention to. I also found my love of New Moon (often disregarded as a “failed” sequel) validated for the very reasons I love it; the way the film “[visualizes] absence through color palette and editing,” making it one of the most intriguing blockbuster films this millennium. Whatever your thoughts on The Twilight Saga and its impact, Screening Twilight will open your mind.
DC Comics has released debut work by the new Wonder Woman team of David Finch (art) and Meredith Finch (story) to give readers a glimpse at their upcoming storyline.
The Finches have a tough act to follow. While the writing/art team of Brian Azzerello and Cliff Chiang made a few story choices I absolutely loathed, like making the Amazons rapists and murderers, they also had an imaginative take on Wonder Woman’s mythology and it’s possible Princess Diana will never look quite as good as she did under Chiang’s talented hands.
What do I see in these pages? I see David Finch’s proclivity to cheesecake, a style particularly ill-suited to Wonder Woman, but the inclusion of the Justice League in her title for the first time is interesting and the appearance of the Swamp Thing is intriguing.
On November 18th 2013 I made a life changing decision: I pressed play on episode one of Supernatural. I didn’t recognize that it was a life changing moment at the time, it’s rare that you do, but it’s clear that I saw it for what it was fairly quickly. A look at my Twitter feed 45 minutes later shows me posting: “I think I’m in love already. #Supernatural.”
Six months down the line and it’s fair to say I’m already a dedicated, bordering on die-hard, fan. I’ve watched all nine seasons of the show so far, begun reading the spin-off books, have bookmarked folders filled with links to interesting articles and fanfiction, plus my Tumblr now resembles a shrine to Misha Collins, Jensen Ackles, and Jared Padalecki. I’ve even learned how to spell Padalecki. I’m subscribed to the Twitter, Instagram, and other social media feeds of every cast member. I am also finishing up cosplays of both Dean and Castiel for this summer’s convention season, and as I write this, models of Dean and Sam are sitting to my left watching curiously from their hallowed position atop an X-Files box set. It’s been a rapid descent but I’m now fully immersed in the Supernatural fandom and I don’t see a way out. Honestly, I don’t want to find one.
I found the whole process curious. I’ve been a “fan” my whole life. I remember collecting the official magazine series (complete with binders) for The Animals of Farthing Wood. Later I moved on to cult Sci-Fi shows like The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and Sapphire and Steel, devouring annuals and re-watching episodes until I wore out the VHS tapes. However it’s rare that a fandom consumes me entirely; in fact it has only happened twice. When The X-Files appeared in my life in the mid 90s it changed my world to the point where I never looked back. Since then that all consuming feeling has only happened once again, on the arrival of Supernatural. Why? What was it about these two shows that caused me to ditch my sanity so completely? Why has that not happened with other shows I love? I don’t know, but I do know that I’m not alone.
Fangasm: Supernatural Fangirls is the story of two university professors, Lynn S. Zubernis (associate professor of counselor education at West Chester University of Pennsylvania) and Katherine Larsen (literary scholar and teacher at George Washington University in Washington D.C.) who also happen to be devoted Supernatural fans. The book follows them as they attend multiple conventions across the US and Canada, indulging in their passion whilst researching the subject of fandom with the intention of writing a book. That book eventually became split in two. This title covers the personal story of their fandom and the other, Fandom at The Crossroads: Celebration, Shame, & Fan/Producer Relationships, the more academic side of their research.*
Far from being 245 pages of fangirl flailing and nonsensical squealing, Fangasm raises many serious issues surrounding fans; specifically those faced by females. There is often an unspoken (sometimes loudly spoken) judgement aimed at female fans, especially older female fans who are told they “should know better” at their age. Who out there hasn’t seen pictures of Twimoms (female fans of Twilight who are mothers and over the age of 25—usually much older) with offensive, or at least unpleasant, captions photo-shopped on top? In fact the entry for Twimom at Urban Dictionary sums up the issues very well.
“A group of ‘adults’ who have children and/or are married, who are overly obsessed fans of the overrated ‘Twilight’ book series. They usually spend their time, neglecting their children, ie. – forgetting to feed them…”
Compared to the entry for Trekkie-–a group generally stereotyped as male—and you’ll instantly see the difference in the presentation of the two terms:
“A devoted fan of the television series Star Trek or one of its spin-off series or films. Variant: Trekker”
The Trekkie entry reads like a regular dictionary entry with no emotive language used. The Twimom entry however is almost violently emotional, calling this group of fans “overly obsessed”, accusing them of neglecting their children and even placing the word adult within inverted commas, as if somehow by choosing to display their fandom, these women are not worthy of the status.
Fangasm begins by raising the point that all of us are most likely fans of something—“the local football team, model railroading, Elvis Presley, Anthony Bourdain”—and that the feeling of cheering together with other fans is a bonding experience we all gain satisfaction from. It also points out that certain fans are respected to a greater extent than others, something clearly illustrated by the Urban Dictionary entries above. Being a sports fan is seen as normal, “in fact, to be male and not a fan of some team somewhere is the more questionable position,” the authors point out. Dog enthusiasts have formed the Westminster Kennel Club, while opera, ballet, and theater fans “have the weight of cultural approval on their side”. Tell someone you’re a fan of Beethoven or Placido Domingo and you’ll no doubt receive a very different reaction than if you told them you love Doctor Who or My Chemical Romance despite the fact that the fandoms are equally passionate, albeit, in different ways. I once spent over an hour standing at the stage door of Covent Garden Opera House while my mother waited to get Domingo’s autograph, so I can speak with some authority on this matter.
The authors speak at length about the ways fans are ridiculed and humiliated online simply for showing their passions. The reaction to the death of a Twilight fan at SDCC 2012 is noted for the way online commenters joked about the event. It is noted how female fans are referred to as “creepy”, “ridiculous”, “unattractive” and “horrible parents” simply for daring to show their enthusiasm. This is not a new phenomenon. Back in the 1800s, fans of Lord Byron were described as being driven to a state of “hysterical excitement” and he was accused of producing in them a taste “for extreme sensation”. However despite the negativity fans may face by admitting their passions, for many the online communities fostered around television shows like Supernatural are hugely important: especially to women.
The book talks about studies that have shown the benefits gained by emotional investment in television shows and in relationships with other fans online. This is important to recall in discussions on fandom where shame is often a factor. Fans, women especially, often feel shame for “indulging in ‘frivolous’ pursuits’ like fandom”, feeling that they should instead be doing something of “value” with their time such as working to earn money or taking care of the family. It is considered entirely normal for a man to take an afternoon away from his family to attend a sports game, yet if a woman were to spend that same time visiting a filming location or attending a convention then this is often seen very differently. Guilt is a huge issue for many women. Mothers often find that they are neglecting themselves because of how guilty taking time out away from the family makes them feel. However, fandoms offer so much to those who participate: bonding experiences, relaxation, and (in the case of Supernatural but also many other TV shows) “an emotional framework upon which you can hang anything”.
Whilst this is primarily a book about Supernatural fans, it is of interest to anyone who considers themselves a “fan”— whether they admit to it in public or not. It is also a book that will interest those concerned with feminist issues. The frank discussions of sex, why for example male fans of Star Trek feel at ease discussing their appreciation of Seven of Nine’s costume while female fans are looked on as “disgusting” and “oversexed” for an equal appreciation of Jensen Ackles’ six pack, are valid and important conversations that need to be out in public. How is it that a TV network is clearly at ease casting with the intention of attracting the female gaze (Supernatural has used “Scary just got sexy” as an official tag line) yet equally uncomfortable with those same women discussing the subject?
Of course Supernatural fans will find more than others to enjoy here. The interviews with cast and crew, especially the long insights from actor Jim Beaver who plays Bobby Singer, are interesting and offer more than simple anecdotes while the stories about the conventions are of more relevance to fans of the show. However even if you have never watched an episode, (go and watch it now, it will change your life) then you will find a lot to think about and enjoy in here.
Welcome to this week’s adventures climbing the cliffs of insanity. Since we last spoke, a major comic site reboots its entire forum community in response to being called for allowing trolls, I had a major geekout, there was a great talk on the need for superheroines, and I’m surprised by my story being called “feminist” when didn’t realize it was that radical.
I wrote it because I was sick and tired of “don’t read the comments” mindset in which we can’t talk about issues like adults on public spaces. I particularly called out ComicBookResources.com not only because they’d allowed trolling comments on a post in which former DC Editor Janelle Asselin critiqued a Teen Titans cover but also because of my own bad experience with CBR.
CBR used to host Gail Simone’s forum until it was clear that the moderators there weren’t taking homophobic and the worst kind of insults to female posters seriously. As one of the co-moderators of the forum, I took some flak but it was nothing compared to what my co-moderator took for being a lesbian.
Gail Simone pulled the forum and moved us over to Brian Bendis’ Jinxworld site, where we are today.
Let me put that another way:
One of the most prominent female writers in mainstream comics pulled her board from one of comic’s most popular websites because that website dismissed concerns about continued and frequent bullying and trolling of female and LGBT posters.
So when CBR announced on April 30 that they were completely rebooting its forums and would no longer allow these types of comments, my first thought wasn’t “all right, good for them,” it was “what took you so long?” (Gail Simone also had the latter reaction.) I did wonder if my column had anything to do with it. It was probably part of it, since I called them out on the reason Gail Simone’s forum was no longer there, but I suspect it was an amalgam of things.
Though it did make me think that next time I write a column, I should wish for a pony. Or maybe I should wish for women to be more than a tiny fraction of the women in the new Star Wars. (I’m more likely to get the pony.)
Speaking of dreams coming true….
Feminist? Strong Female Characters?
First, there’s an incredible post about wanting gender-swapping heroes and heroines at the Argh Ink blog which has over 100 comments already. Fun to read and yet another voice in the rising chorus for a female-led superhero movie.
And it’s made me think about some of the reviews I’ve gotten for the steampunk novel. Some of them mention that the main character, Joan Krieger, is the proverbial strong female character and that the novel is feminist.
This made me raise my eyebrows because I wasn’t think “write a strong female character” or “write a feminist book,” when I wrote Curse of the Brimstone Contract. I was thinking that an intelligent, ambitious young woman like Joan would naturally want more than the hand she was dealt. As a designer and seamstress, she sees the benefits of the nobility from the other side of the looking glass. She has the education and drive to do more than marry an eventual husband who will run her business but she’s stuck. I’d imagine a young male merchant in that situation who wanted more control of his destiny might feel the same, though at least he’d be allowed to run the business.
And, of course, the society in the steampunk world is in flux due to all the changes, as it was in our own Victorian Age. It was an age of questioning in science, in society, in politics. Again, it seemed natural that a smart person caught in this situation would chafe at restrictions.
What I’m saying is this didn’t strike me so much as “feminist” as “what a character in that situation might feel.” And I’m a little concerned that Joan is seen as unusual. Why is she so radical? Shouldn’t a multi-dimensional character be the default?
But I guess it is. I believe I was nonplussed because I hope every female character is like that. (Male characters too but they usually are.)
Well, that’s cool. Joan is called a “radical” in the book and she doesn’t like being a pawn. The hero, a Sherlock Holmes-analogue, accepts her for that but, again, not unusual given the very first short Holmes story that Arthur Conan Doyle wrote for The Strand magazine was “A Scandal in Bohemia.” And in that story, Holmes loses. To a woman. Who outsmarts him.
I wonder what Doyle would have said if someone called that story feminist. Probably not too much, I guess, given he had a love/hate relationship with his most famous creation anyway.
But Joan’s isn’t so unusual. She’s just the latest in a long line. Unfortunately, some of these earlier characters were kept under the rug. Wonder Woman gets depowered for a while. Then she’s brought back. Except now she’s Superman’s girlfriend. Black Canary is created in 1947 as a superhero with a male sidekick and eventually becomes Green Arrow’s girlfriend. Ms. Marvel is raped and impregnated by an interdimensional being and the rest of the Avengers think it’s cool she’s having a baby. (Yes, this was an actual storyline.)
“Let’s just put it this way: if you think there’s a thing–anything–women didn’t do in the past, you’re wrong. Women–now and then–even made a habit of peeing standing up. They wore dildos. So even things the funny-ha-ha folks immediately raise a hand to say “It’s impossible women didn’t do X!” Well. They did it. Except maybe impregnate other women. But even then, there were, of course, intersex folks categorized as “women” who did just that.
But none of those things fit our narrative. What we want to talk about are women in one capacity: their capacity as wife, mother, sister, daughter to a man. I see this in fiction all the time. I see it in books and TV. I hear it in the way people talk.” (But do go read the whole thing, not just the quote, it’s brilliant.)
I’ve seen a lot of criticism from feminists in many corners of the web and social media leading up to the release of Frozen. Their gripes range from a knee-jerk aversion to Disney’s princess culture in general to the liberties taken with the source material—Hans Christian Andersen’s The Snow Queen—to outrage when the studio’s animation supervisor was quoted as saying that animating female characters is hard because you have to make them “pretty.”
I resisted the temptation to comment until now since I hadn’t yet seen the film, and though the early footage and previews seemed to discount these charges as wildly reactionary and having little to do with the actual product itself, I wanted to be sure I hadn’t been taken in by my own anticipation and the formidable powers of Disney’s PR machine.
Now that I have seen it, I believe it’s even more important to confront these accusations head on, because not only are they way off base, they distract from the film’s true message and may actually be detrimental to the promotion of feminism in Hollywood. I believe this because Frozen may just be the most feminist animated film Disney has ever produced. Anyone who supports the depiction of strong, independent women in the media, not to mention the positive representation of sororal bonds, ought to be championing it, not organizing a boycott.
It’s true that Disney has a princess dilemma. The consumer product driven phenomenon is extremely popular and lucrative, yet its detractors are becoming increasingly vocal and demanding of better role models. (I’ve personally tried to stem the tide of princess culture in our house, and I’m here to tell you it’s a constant struggle.) Disney’s response to the backlash has been mixed. At the same time the studio is promoting the resurgence of The Little Mermaid, with its archaic message of “change yourself for your man,” we also get a film like Brave, which actively avoids those tropes and features a princess who dreams of independence rather than the love of a prince. And then that progress was undermined with the infamous slimmed-down, glammed-up redesign of Merida. Even Tangled, with its capable, headstrong version of Rapunzel, left the final heroic act to her leading man. Knowing the studio’s history, you could be forgiven for expecting Frozen to follow suit. But it doesn’t. Instead, it cleverly tweaks the formula, all the while acknowledging that it is a formula.
Without going into too many spoilers, let’s just say that Frozen‘s climax does not involve a man coming to the rescue of a starry-eyed princess. The princesses at the center of this story—sisters Elsa and Anna—are defined by their unique upbringing and estranged relationship to one another, not by the men in their lives. They are fully fleshed out characters with a wide spectrum of human qualities including love, fear, loneliness, anger, frustration, bravery, and vulnerability. What drives the film is Anna’s longing to connect with her sister and Elsa’s struggle to protect Anna by keeping her distance. The stakes couldn’t be higher for them. Romantic love is an aside, a subplot; the men are supporting players in this love story between two sisters. I have no problem with them being role models for my daughters.
That said, there’s no getting around the fact that those who were hoping for an animated adaptation of The Snow Queenare going to be disappointed. There is a legitimate conversation to be had over what happened between the page and the screen and whether Disney should even mention the connection to the book in the credits. That’s not what I’m talking about, though.
Let’s dispense with the notion that the finished film is anything other than an original work influenced by, not based on, Andersen’s story. Rather than focusing on what it doesn’t do or doesn’t have, look at what it does do (promote positive female role models and relationships) and does have (fascinating, three-dimensional characters). Frozen doesn’t purport to be a faithful adaptation. In case that wasn’t already obvious, the different title should make it crystal clear. (And yet those same critics have complained about the title change too.) As Elsa sings in her defiant anthem, let it go.
Finally, we come to the whole “pretty” controversy. Let’s take a look at the actual quote from Disney animation supervisor Lino DiSalvo, as reported by Fan Voice (I’d link to the article, but it is no longer available on the site):
Historically speaking, animating female characters are [sic] really, really difficult, ’cause they have to go through these range of emotions, but they’re very, very… you have to keep them pretty and they’re very sensitive to… you can get them off a model very quickly. So, having a film with two hero female characters was really tough, and having them both in the scene and look very different if they’re echoing the same expression; that Elsa looking angry looks different from Anna being angry.
A few things about that quote spring to mind. First off, I was at the same press event where this quote was given, although I was in a different group so I didn’t hear DiSalvo say it (the studio divided everyone into groups and rotated us through the various departments). When it was our turn to interview him and two of the lead animators who worked on the film (one of them a woman), DiSalvo spoke about the extensive research that goes into creating each character, how they brought in the actors and acting coaches and discussed at length where the characters were coming from and going to. He made it clear that the inner lives of these characters were just as important as how they looked.
“The ultimate goal at the end of the day was, is always, obviously, honest, truthful, believable performances,” DiSalvo told my group. “And once we kind of got our hands on the script and we realized how well-written and how weighty the characters were and how rich the depth of them [was], we knew that we had to elevate our game.”
Later, he talked about what he called “shape language” and how the animators strove to make each character unique to any other Disney character. There wasn’t any distinction between the degree of difficulty in drawing females or males, he lumped them all together.
“If she was mad or sad or excited or angry—from everything that we learned with the acting coach and the actors coming in and doing our homework—how does that funnel into the actual shape language of the characters?” he said. “And the idea is that when the characters are in a scene together, if you have two characters sharing an angry scene or if there’s a sad emotion involved, that each character still has their own sad shape.”
He also mentioned in our interview that there were as many as 70 animators working on the film at one time. When you have that many artists, each with his or her own style, it can be a difficult task to keep the characters consistent through a wide range of actions and emotions. That’s why they create model sheets like the one below.
If you were predisposed to be offended, you could take these comments to mean that Disney as a company is overly concerned with the attractiveness of its heroines. I don’t think that’s what he was saying at all. I interpret his use of the word pretty to mean “on model,” in other words, keeping the character looking like the original character design. In that context it becomes an entirely innocuous quote. Of course, that’s not the kind of statement that goes viral now, is it?
In response to the heat this quote generated, a spokesman for Disney later told The Wrap:
These comments were recklessly taken out of context. As part of a roundtable discussion, the animator was describing some technical aspects of CG animation and not making a general comment on animating females versus males or other characters.
I have one last thing to say about this, and then we can all move on with our lives. When we get incensed that Disney princesses are too pretty or too white or look too much like the last Disney princess, aren’t we really saying that aesthetics are more worthy of concern than any other aspect of a character? Doesn’t it matter more how they are written and depicted within the context of the story? To focus solely on appearance without considering what’s beneath the polished exterior isn’t just shallow, it’s hypocritical. Anna and Elsa are so much more than pretty faces.
I would urge those who read some of the same feisty reactions I did to keep an open mind about Frozen. I waited until I saw the movie to see if the complaints were legitimate, but you don’t have to take my word for it. See it for yourself when it opens Thanksgiving weekend and draw (see what I did there?) your own conclusions.
With so much press recently, both in Canada and the United States, about how online bullying has led to suicide, often the discussions tend to be framed in terms of online versus “in real life.” This is also the case in many other discussions that happen when someone decides to publicly come forward because they’ve received threats of rape or death or harm, and the list continues.
As someone who is constantly under attack because of my online profile, I have a lot to say on this matter, but it is only in very rare circumstances do I ever talk about it in public. The reasons for my lack of public disclosure may become clearer as I share my own personal experiences. Sharing these experiences either makes me extremely brave, or extremely stupid, depending on who you ask.
If you take only one thing away from this, I hope that it’s recognizing the fact that online bullying and harassment is a “in real life” problem, with “real life” ramifications, including loss of income and people removing themselves from the target of the harassment’s life.
One of the reasons I have stayed quiet for so long about this issue is that, very often, I see people refer to this ever increasing issue as a “woman’s problem,” or a “teen bullying problem,” or a “feminist issue.” I’m here to tell you that it isn’t. It’s a “people problem.”
Warning: The following does contain some language that some will find offensive. However, I feel it is necessary for the sake of honesty.
Some may automatically assume that because I was born a female, that I receive threats because of how the world perceives my gender. I have never once been threatened with rape. I have never once been told by someone online to shut up because they think I’m a woman. However, I have been called a pedophile and a tranny.
Recently, when a group of internet trolls decided to really stick it me because of something I dared to write about, I was called a “homosexual pedo tranny,” plus this group conspired to create evidence that I force my children to participate in the creation of porn, and threats that that they will turn this fabricated evidence over to child protection authorities and the local police. Some may be surprised to learn that “tranny” isn’t only reserved as a slur for trans women. Twitter accounts were created to flood my mentions with a very special pedo hashtag dedicated to me. Fake Facebook accounts were created to also attack publications for which I write. My address was discovered and posted online, with someone saying, “Kill it and post pictures,” after someone else said they lived just down the street from me. They threatened to vandalize my property. They attacked my friends. They tried to find out information about my children so they could attack them, too. They even posted a link to a local school’s website, because they thought that is where my children attended school. They also tried to hack my social media accounts so that they could tweet on my behalf, and used my throw-away e-mail address to sign me up for a bunch of porn and spam. There was a series of DDoS attacks.
There isn’t a day that I do not receive some form of threat. At least every six months, someone decides to do a DDoS attack on my servers. I’ve even had someone from a well-known online community of anarchic hackers take down all of my websites and replace them with their calling card. I’m now approaching four years of daily threats and like-clockwork DDoS attacks.
The reasons for these attacks are various. One reason is because I’m a trans man. Another reason is because people assume I’m an atheist. Another reason is because people assume I’m sympathetic to Muslims. Another reason is because I dare to speak out against anti-vaccine proponents. These are just a few reasons.
I’m feel I have a certain amount of privilege living in Canada. Most of the time, I can shrug off these daily threats. Twice, I’ve had to call the R.C.M.P (Royal Canadian Mounted Police) because I felt the threat to my safety and my children’s safety was immediate. The R.C.M.P took these threats as credible. The first time, eventually the person making the threats was arrested and went to jail. Most recently, they opened a new file and are investigating as much as resources allow. However, because of the nature of the threats I receive, and how slowly the Criminal Code has been to adapt to the changes in technology, there is only so much they can do. But, at least the R.C.M.P have an open investigation for if the attackers actually make good on the physical threats of harm, death, and vandalism, and the threats to try to have my children removed from my care.
But, it isn’t only the threat to my children’s physical safety and my physical safety that make this an “in real life” problem. It also damages my ability to make money. Every time my server goes down because of an attack, I lose income streams, not only because my own websites are down, but also the websites of clients. I am thankful that I have very understanding editors, who stand behind me when they, too, get attacked, instead of asking that I no longer contribute to their publication, as it also puts their enterprise at risk.
I think I have remained publicly quiet about this for too long. But, I’ve had my reasons. The reason is a by-product of identifying as a man. Women are not the only people who receive physical threats. Men, who have any type of online profile, also receive frequent threats. But, as men, we are taught to deal with it quietly and in the background. Basically, we are taught that we must “man up.” The other reason is that I am always very worried about the blowback I’ll receive from some people who use the label “feminist” in reference to themselves. I’ve had it happen. I’ve been told that I’m a male rights advocate who is trying to take the spotlight away from this extremely real problem facing women bloggers. I’ve been told, “Yeah, it sucks to be intersectional. But you chose this lifestyle.” I’ve been called a misogynist. I’ve had people tell me, “Well, you should hear what I get told every day in real life,” because it is their perception that being told I’m a pedophile and being called a tranny via an online medium does not count as “in real life.” There is also a lot of “these are just words on a screen” personal mentality.
Every day, I’m given messages that I need to shut up and sit in the corner, for so many different reasons, none of which have to do with being born in a female body.
In some ways, these people are correct. I don’t know what it’s like for women who receive threats of rape. I don’t know what it feels like to worry about my safety when walking alone at night. I don’t know what it feels like to have anxiety because I’m alone in an enclosed space with a man. I don’t know what it is like to be harassed at a con, or wolf-whistled when walking down the street, or all of the other real issues women face during the day. These have never been my experiences. As a result, often I feel that I’m not qualified to discuss these issues. Also, I really do not want to distract from the real issues that women face, especially women in the United States, as feminist issues in the United States are very different than feminist issues in Canada.
But, I do think it is time we change the channel. I think it’s time that we recognize that this is a very real issue, not only for women, teens, gays and lesbians, and trans women, but also for men, trans men, skeptics, atheists, and really just anyone who dares to stand up against any sort of wrongdoing and injustice. This is a very serious people-problem that isn’t contained within the boundaries of the online world; it reaches out to the real world. While I’m not going to commit suicide as a result of my daily threats, I do face other extreme dangers that are just as valid.
Of course, there are things you can do to protect yourself. Advocating for certain self-protections is not victim-blaming.
Some of the things I do to protect myself and my family is that I never mention my children’s names online. I keep my phone number unlisted. I’m very selective about what information I share with the public. I don’t have a profile on Facebook, which with Graph Search makes stalking and hacking your account very easy, even if you post everything privately. I change my passwords every three months. I keep my domain registration information private–though because of an error with my domain registrar, recently they become public and that is how my recent attackers got my home address. My registrar has since fixed this. I keep my children as much removed from my social media accounts as possible. And, very importantly, I’m not afraid to call the R.C.M.P. when things get serious.
Some of these things, especially not using Facebook, is not something everyone can do. For some people, it may be too late to keep their children’s names unassociated with their public life. But, if you do use Facebook, don’t have your real e-mail posted. If you use Facebook, don’t have your phone number listed, even if it’s private for friends only. Ask yourself, “What steps do I take to protect my child from online predators? Why am I not taking these steps for myself? What more can I do?” People who want to do you harm have a lot of time on their hands, and they will take extreme measures to really mess with your life. They know they can get away with it, too.
While I doubt I’ll see the day where I don’t live in some sort of fear, simply because I dare to exist, I do hope that I see a day where I can talk about these things freely and people recognize that I’m not trying to distract from the many other real issues facing people in this online age. There is room for us all.
This week’s adventure climbing the cliffs of insanity is all about the Amazon Princess. It relates back to last week’s post about superhero movies, not so much as a call for a Wonder Woman movie, but a recognition that superheroes are icons and sources of inspiration beyond their basic storytelling purpose and, in this role, Wonder Woman is the premier superhero feminist icon.
Except, apparently, those that keep trying to make her otherwise.
Lo, those many years ago, before even my ancient memory kicks in, Wonder Woman was depowered as part of DC Comics’ attempt to revamp the character and make her more modern. This revamp included a break from the Amazons, ditching her previous costume, clothing her all in white, taking away much of her powers, and giving her a (male) martial arts mentor.
The idea was to model Diana after Emma Peel in the then-popular The Avengers rather than her previous Wonder Woman-self. Not a bad idea except, well, this was Wonder Woman. It was putting a square peg in a round hole. I can’t imagine, for example, revamping Superman and making him resemble Mr. Steed in an attempt to keep up with the times.
Feminists, particularly Gloria Steinem, were so disturbed by this revamp that they put classic Wonder Woman on the first cover of Ms. magazine. As a callback, Wonder Woman was also featured on the magazine’s 40th anniversary cover in 2012.
Why do I bring this up again?
Because it seems, once again, in an attempt to revitalize the character, DC is going in the wrong direction. And because these changes to a feminist icon don’t happen in a vacuum. They happen in a world where women are still fighting for some basic rights, even to the point of having to listen to politicians talk about “legitimate rape.”
It’s in this environment that DC Comics announced this week a new Superman/Wonder Woman series that focuses on the romance between the two characters, a romance that thus far comic audiences have greeted with a shrug.
It’s part of a disturbing overall pattern with DC Comics, a pattern that saw nearly every marriage among DC heroes waved away, a pattern that includes a DC editor calling Lois Lane a “trophy wife,” and a pattern that completely wiped away the backstories of the female main characters of the long-running Birds of Prey series.
At this point, the Amazons are like Kenny on South Park or kid sidekicks in the DCU. Omigod, they killed them! If not killed, then turned them evil, with happened in Flashpoint, which reset the current DC Universe, or in the current DC Universe, where they’ve been turned into a batch of murderers and child slavers, with a lot of implications that their “seduction” of male sailors was coerced.
That an all-women society views men as useless save for sperm banks is, at the best, unfortunate, and, at the worst, misogynistic. And it also doesn’t make any sense as part of Wonder Woman’s backstory because she’s still presented in the same comic as an avatar of truth and protector of the innocent, the person specially chosen to help others live up to Amazonian ideals.
Except if the Amazons are murderers and slavers, how the heck did she absorb those qualities that her people were supposed to possess?
It makes no story sense whatsoever.
Problem #2: Superman is a boring romantic partner.
Why is this a problem? Well, the series itself seems to be a grab at the lowest common denominator, especially ones who are waiting to see Superman and Wonder Woman “bone” as it was put during a Twitter exchange with the writer of the series, Charles Soule. (He seems like a very good guy but I’m talking about his story choices, not Soule as a person.)
There’s also the issue of putting Lois Lane yet further into the background, which I believe in a horrible story choice but it’s also horrible marketing synergy, given that the success of Man of Steel on the big screen, which features Lois.
But, most of all, it’s a problem because this book becomes “Superman’s girlfriend, Wonder Woman.” This relationship isn’t new, it was developed in the pages of Justice League, there was a story in the Valentine’s special about the pair. And aside from the initial announcement, which caused a minor stir, it’s been meet with indifference.
That’s because it’s dull.
I say this as a romance writer.
Superman and Wonder Woman is too much of the same. It’s similar to similar. Similar power structure, similar looks, even similar approaches to battle. They’re far more like siblings than they are romantic partners.
Problem #3: Wonder Woman Should Have Her Own Story
From the very start, Wonder Woman was created as a feminist counter to Superman. She was consciously created to be a role model for girls: a powerful, intelligent women that girls and women could emulate. Yes, there are also some other elements to her original creation that are tied into “loving submission” and bondage/domination but first and foremost, William Marston Moulton and the two women in his life, wanted Wonder Woman to be a beacon to women who aspired to be their very best.
Romance certainly doesn’t interfere with that. Steve Trevor is present very early in Wonder Woman’s backstory. But a romance with Superman does interfere with that, as it automatically puts her in a secondary position. Want evidence? Just look at the cover tease for Superman-Wonder Woman, in which he’s taller. She’s an Amazon. It’s been fully established she’s taller. And if you think that’s silly, just read the Valentine’s Special and some of their interactions. He’s the teacher, she’s the student, he’s the one that tells her stuff.
She’s in the secondary position. As Zack Smith, a writer for MTV Geek and Newsarama said on Twitter: “Wow, after 70+ years, Wonder Woman gets a title where she’s OFFICIALLY defined by a relationship.”
There’s a story problem too. By making Superman such a prominent part of Wonder Woman’s story, it prevents her own background and supporting cast from being developed. Think how the Daily Planet is such a part of the Superman mythos, as are Ma and Pa Kent and Smallville.
Wonder Woman deserves a fully developed cast and setting as well, one that belongs just to her. One of the reasons her comic hasn’t sold well is that because she keeps being constantly “rebooted” so the background and setting put together by one creative team vanishes, is replaced by another, and that vanishes again. Superman, even eventually as her ex, looms over all of this and basically becomes this huge part of her character.
But, most of all, the current storytelling choices at DC Comics seem to be blind to what they have in Wonder Woman. She’s quite possibly the most famous fictional women on the planet. Instead, they keep trying to put her in this box where she’s “more relatable” to men by giving her “daddy issues,” and making her younger and sexier, and having the uber-male of the DC universe sex her all up so her feminist cooties don’t show.
DC, this isn’t last year’s direct market. You have the power of digital. Via digital release, either Comixology or elsewhere, you could reach a huge potential audience of women by embracing what Wonder Woman is and telling great stories that embrace who she is.
The audience for The Avengers was 40 percent female. The audience for Man of Steel was 44 percent female. (This actually pleases the movie makers. Shocking, I know!) Last year, female and male moviegoers flocked to The Hunger Games.
So are GeekMoms “mommy bloggers?” Can’t speak for them but I won’t reject the title.
This week’s adventures climbing the cliffs of insanity include a rumination what being a “mommy blogger” means, a great article on why the new Wonder Woman series is disappointing one female comic reader, and a link to a continuing celebration of the 75th anniversary of Lois Lane, and where you can find me as Wonder Woman. Live and in person, even.
When I was doing the Geeky Jules radio show last Friday night, I was asked a question that I’ve been pondering ever since. Jules asked what I thought of GeekMom being called a “mommy blog,” as that term is a pejorative to some.
The term “mommy blogger” seems inherently somewhat dismissive because it’s not “mom blogger” or even “parenting blogger.” It uses the least formal parenting name for mothers. Plus, I’m immediately suspicious of those making judgments about the worth of something that’s inherently female.
In other words, if you call me “mommy blogger,” my initial reaction is to pick that label, wear it with pride, and say “and your point would be?,” just as I did years ago with the term “bitch.” (Yes, I actually possess a baseball cap with the word “Bitch” on it.) Continue reading The Cliffs of Insanity: Mommy Bloggers
When dreaming about having a baby, the nursery in my mind was a neutral nirvana. A relaxing beige, neutral tones to complement, some kind of zoo theme. I wanted each baby to have the same room and choose their own interests when they moved up.
Then I found out I was having a boy. We painted the walls two shades of blue, we bought every rocket ship decoration we could find, and I loved it. Now I’m pregnant again and contemplating both the new nursery, and my son’s move to the big boy room. He was to take his rocket ships with him, but then his Pepere bought a race card bed. It’s fantastic and he loves it, so cars he gets. But the nursery is still blue with rocket ships, and I face an ultrasound in just under three weeks. My first thought was to keep it rocketships for a boy and pick another theme for a girl. My mother in law’s first thought was to get pictures of Sally Ride, the first American female astronaut. I see something interesting about how we both think in our gut responses.
Funnily enough, this is something I have been pondering for a while that my mother in law has made me think more seriously about. I don’t know if it actually bothers me, if I think it should bother me, or if it bothers me because it bothers me! I was fully prepared to keep the nursery blue and rocket ships for a second boy, but for a girl I would redecorate. Now for me, half the fun of my first pregnancy was the boy stuff, the blue onesies, the sweater vests and so on. If I’m having a girl this time, I want the fun girl experience too. I want the dresses, the polka dots and the flowers. But what sticks in my throat a little is my lack of interest in keeping the space ship theme for a girl. I could paint the walls pink or yellow or purple and keep the lofty aspirations if I so chose, but that doesn’t sit well with me either. That it doesn’t sit well with me, also doesn’t sit well with me!
The highlight of our nursery acquisitions was this painting of a space ship bearing the words “I will go to space.” My husband wanted to be an astronaut, or a mad scientist, and so this resonated with him. Am I fully indoctrinated into the world of fifties fashion that I love, that I don’t want a space ship theme for my daughter? It’s not that I want pink everywhere, I don’t want unicorns or princesses or anything like that, I just don’t want spaceships in her nursery either. I’d be happy as anything if she actually did become an astronaut, or if Toby decided to become a child care provider. It’s just this nursery thing that bugs me, and I don’t know if it really bugs me or not. When in doubt, blame the pregnancy hormones and pull out The Yellow Wallpaper.
Some of you may have heard about the newest controversy concerning George R. R. Martin’s fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire, recently adapted for the screen on HBO under the first book’s title: A Game of Thrones.
If not, you may read the original post on Tiger Beatdown, where writer Sady Doyle accuses Martin of being “creepy, sexist and racist”. The comments are worth reading, too, since they are often more polite and nuanced that one would have expected.
I had almost the same argument with a (male) friend of mine who recently read the series and complained about the roles assigned to female characters. I disagree. But if many people think that way, there’s probably a reason to it and we have to think, as impartially as we can, before dismissing them.
And beware, readers, but I’ll need to include spoilers in the following post. I repeat: spoilers ahead, including all five published books. So if you’ve only watched the TV show, you should probably stop reading here. Also, that’s not a post suitable for children.
Of course, one cannot deny Sady Doyle’s points. Yes, female characters endure lots of suffering, harassing and rape threats. Yes, they’re often seen as wives or mothers. Yes again, young girls of thirteen are considered fit for (arranged or forced) weddings. The character of Cersei is a problem, obviously, as explained by Alex Cranz on FemPop.
But they’re not humiliated like women are, are they? Okay, stop kidding here. The most tortured and humiliated character in the entire series is obviously Theon Greyjoy. I don’t think anyone having read A Dance With Dragons can deny it. He was physically and psychologically tortured by the cruelest character in the series, Ramsay Bolton. Theon is tortured to the point where he forgets his name and renounces all dignity. But he isn’t sexually tortured? Yes, he is. Believe me. Don’t ask.
Even the “forced wedding” matter is a problem for male characters as well as female. Robb Stark, a strong, positive, male character, is booned to marry some girl for political reasons. He weds another one. And you know what? He’s murdered for it. He is, not the girl.
2. Despite the fantasy genre, Martin tries to tell a realistic story in a believable world.
We, female history geeks, like to think that some women were allowed roles of power, even in the Middle Ages. They were, sometimes, as Cersei and Daenerys are in A Song of Ice and Fire. But they were still submitted to gender prejudices, they still had to fight them, and often lost. Take Eleanor of Aquitaine. She’s an iconic ruling lady of the Middle Ages: Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, then Queen of France, divorced and remarried to the young and handsome King Henry of England, influent on both politics and culture. I love Eleanor. But don’t forget she was married at fifteen, not by her own choice, and she was later imprisoned by her beloved Henry for sixteen years, while her husband had love affairs. How feministic is that?
The world isn’t as feminist as we’d like it to be. And I’m not speaking about Middle Ages here. Rapes, gang rapes, war rapes are still horribly real and actual things for many women in many parts of the world, especially in war zones. Women are not treated like men. Neither in Martin’s books not in the real world. And I would even say their fate is worse in the real world than in Martin’s Westeros.
I consider myself a feminist. I’m often pissed-off by gender stereotypes, in everyday life, advertisements, movies that will never pass the Bechdel Test, toys catalogs, and so on.
Could Martin have written a more feminist book? Of course. Feminist fantasy does exist, including some matriarchal utopias, and that’s an important thing, since the genre was so male-dominated for so long.
But he gives me what I really like in fantasy book, as a female reader: strong female characters with whom I can identify.
Daenerys, Catelyn, Brienne. They’re not perfect, and that’s what great with them. They’re not asexual, either, and that’s great too. Daenerys sometimes struggles against her girlish crushes: we all do. Catelyn makes some terrible mistakes trying to protect her children: I’m sure I would, too. Brienne is a warrior and ugly-looking, but that doesn’t prevent her from falling in love: I’m glad she does.
Isn’t it the most important? The stronger lesson for us and our daughters? That was hard being a woman in times and lands not so far from us. That’s still hard from us, sometimes. But they all try to manage it. Even “evil queen” Cersei who’s unfortunately not the man of her family, and pays for it. Even young and girly Sansa, who finds the world isn’t a fairytale after all. And Brienne.
I’m very fond of Brienne. It’s not so frequent to read about female knights who are bad-looking, honorable and full of emotions, and struggle between their conflicted feelings in the world that want to reject them. It’s not easy, being Brienne. Perhaps it will be, some day. But not today.
If you’ve spent much time on YouTube lately, you’ve probably heard about VidCon, the great big vlogbrothers-organized convention for the amusement and edification of YouTubers that happened in Los Angeles last weekend. By all accounts, it was a smashing success, a rocking good time, and caused jealousy in the hearts of vloggers everywhere who were unable to attend (myself included).
Fortunately, this was a convention by vloggers and for vloggers, so you know every minute of every event at VidCon was captured on video by someone. And thank goodness, or else the rest of us would have missed out on a real treat: A stirring performance by geeky rapper and spoken word artist George Watsky.
(Fair warning: Adult language and high levels of inspiration.)
Also for all the word-lovers out there, we have a video blog from OhItsJustKim, who only recently discovered savethewords.org, a website where all sorts of odd English words retire after they’ve been kicked out of the dictionary. My two favorites from the site are murklins (in the dark) and veprecose (prickly) – what are yours?
Continuing today’s fun education theme, the next video takes gives us a tour of an extraordinary museum exhibit featuring very various versions of the humble periodic table. Watching this gave me several great ideas for how to introduce my son to chemistry without the often intimidating classroom chart.
From there we move on to something relevant to geek culture in general, but especially to geek moms. We love our media and we love our families, but sometimes the former is a poor support for the latter. How often have we found ourselves halfway through an otherwise enjoyable sci-fi television series, only to be disappointed when the writers finally include motherhood in the script? Motherhood itself isn’t the problem. Rather, it’s the way pregnancy and birth and the events that follow tend to be abused for the sake of shock value. I don’t know about you, but at this point in my media-viewing career, I’d actually be more shocked to find a realistic mother character in a sci-fi TV show.
Finally, we arrive back where we started; at a convention. The following video was shot ahead of Otakon – an unrelated, yet simultaneous convention on the opposite side of the continent from VidCon. Not surprisingly, attendees of the anime fan-gathering are every bit as talented and geeky as the vloggers assembled a coast away. There’s probably a lot of overlap between those two sub-cultures, come to think of it…
(Fair warning: The featured song is ‘Raise Your Glass’ by P!nk, which includes a well-timed F-bomb part mid-way.)
Annie, who is working on her “proverbial” PhD in parenting, has been blogging about the dichotomy most of us know quite well. We live in a culture heavily tilted toward female sex appeal while at the same time public breastfeeding is deemed inappropriate. She writes, “Telling women to cover up and telling women to strip down are frequently used tactics for oppressing women.” Annie has turned her posts into a video that gives her response to the cover up question. What do you think?
With the release Eclipse on DVD on Saturday, we at GeekMom decided to take a look at the Twilight phenomenon.
The immensely popular series has been incredibly polarizing among fandom.
One side side, teen girls reading the series, which included my own a few years ago, see someone they can identify with in Bella and a fascinating new world where they can escape. Older female readers love the fantasy and romance of it all.
One the other side, feminists claim Twilight promotes stalking by men and teaches teen girls to be submissive and that getting married and having children is the ultimate goal of any woman.
And then there are the male geeks who roll their eyes and make fun of vampires that sparkle.
This week, we’ll have articles from as many angles as possible, with an eye to seeing why exactly this series creates strong emotions in so many. |
About TNW
TNW Sites
Google donates $5 million to promote journalism
Google has donated $5 million to non-profit organizations promoting new forms of journalism, including $2 million to the Knight Foundation, which will but $1 million of that toward the the Knight News Challenge (read our coverage from yesterday on the start of this year’s contest).
The other $3 million according to the Google Blog, will be invested internationally:
We’re eager to do even more internationally, so we will be investing the remaining $3 million in journalism projects in other countries through a similar partnership. Stay tuned for more details early next year.
It’s really quite a wonderful — not just a wonderful endorsement, but a wonderful encouragement. Because they’re [Google] not saying, ‘We want you to do X, Y, and Z projects.’ They’re saying, ‘We want you to continue the kind of work you’ve been doing — except do more of it.
The Nieman blog also brings up a good point: why wouldn’t Google just start a News Challenge of its own? Chris Gaither of Google responded that:
We really see ourselves as a platform for discovery and it’s important to us that we remain independent. [Google CEO] Eric Schmidt and other executives have made pretty clear over the years that we are not content creators. We have a symbiotic relationship with content creators, where we really help with discovery and monetization and other things. We do our thing, they do their thing. In this particular space, Knight is an expert [and] has already been funding and trying to promote innovation in digital journalism for a while now — so they seemed like a perfect partner to pair up with for this one.” |
Role of red blood cell deformation in toxicity of contrast media in cerebral angiography.
The authors investigated the effect on the brain of red blood cells that had been modified by contrast media. Rat blood was mixed with an equivolume of contrast media, and up to 200 microL of the mixture was infused to the internal carotid artery of the rat. Evans blue was administered intravenously to assess the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Immediately after the death of the animal, or 2.5 hours after the infusion, the brain was removed for evaluation of the degree of BBB destruction and edema. Extensive destruction of the BBB, cerebral edema, and death of the animals were induced by infusion of blood mixed with an ionic contrast medium, such as diatrizoate and iothalamate, which deformed red blood cells. Microscopic observation showed atrophy and necrosis of nerve cells and decomposition of nerve fibers in the affected area of the brain. Cerebral damage was not observed in rats injected with blood mixed with a nonionic contrast medium such as iopamidol, iopromide, or metrizamide, which had less effect on red blood cells. Cerebral damage also was observed in the rats injected with blood mixed with a hyperosmotic solution of mannitol, as well as washed red blood cells mixed with an ionic contrast medium. This study's results indicate that hyperosmotic ionic contrast media affect red blood cells and cause disturbance in cerebral circulation. |
Visual Communication Design
Share your message through design
Visual Communication Design (VCD) involves the development of visual language systems for communication. The VCD department emphasizes practice, theory, methodology, and history, which are the foundations of the discipline.
Our students learn that the static and interactive products of design are developed with a conscious integration of the human factor, technology, and aesthetics.
We encourage students to become designers who function as interpreters of communication in a social context. This requires not only specific vocational tasks, but also critical thinking and intellectual flexibility. Toward this goal, we provide a broad educational background within a professional context. |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a substrate processing apparatus and a substrate processing method with which it is possible to perform, by means of propagating ultrasonic waves, predetermined processing, such as cleaning, on various types of substrates such as semiconductor wafers, glass substrates for photomasks, glass substrates for liquid crystal displays, glass substrates for plasma displays and optical disk substrates.
2. Description of the Relates Art
A conventional approach to remove extremely small contaminants such as particles adhering upon a substrate is to apply ultrasonic vibration upon a processing liquid and propagate the ultrasonic vibration to the substrate while supplying the processing liquid to the substrate. The application of physical vibration originating from the ultrasonic waves in addition to chemical cleaning owing to the processing liquid achieves better cleaning of the substrate and effective removal of particles. A method of cleaning the substrate in this fashion may be a batch-type cleaning method which requires immersion of many substrates at once into a processing liquid or a single wafer-type cleaning method which requires processing one substrate at a time while supplying a processing liquid to a surface of the substrate.
Published Japanese Translation of PCT International Application No. P2004-515053A for instance describes a certain apparatus as a single wafer-type substrate processing apparatus. In this apparatus, at least one ultrasonic transducer is buried in an opposed member (platter) in the proximity of the back surface (non-device seating surface) of a substrate so that ultrasonic vibration propagate to the substrate via a chemical agent which is in contact with both the substrate and the opposed member. Some ultrasonic waves entering the back surface of the substrate are transmitted through the substrate and reaches the front surface (device seating surface) of the substrate. With the chemical agent supplied to the front surface of the substrate from a nozzle which is disposed above the substrate, the chemical agent vibrates because of the ultrasonic waves propagating to the front surface of the substrate. In this manner, the chemical agent to which the ultrasonic vibration has added cleans the front surface of the substrate.
Meanwhile, in the apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. H8-130202, an ultrasonic transducer is built within a processing liquid guide which is disposed opposing the front surface of a substrate and supplies a processing liquid to the front surface of the substrate, thereby enhancing the cleaning effect with ultrasonic vibration propagating to the processing liquid. |
Third Tunis Bardo Museum attacker 'on the run' Published duration 22 March 2015
media caption The footage released by the Tunisian interior ministry shows two gunmen in the museum
A third attacker is still "on the run" after the deadly Bardo Museum attack in which 23 people died, Tunisia's president said in a live TV interview.
"There were certainly three attackers... there is one who is on the run, he won't get far," President Beji Caid Essebsi said on Sunday.
Suspects have been arrested over the attack but just two gunmen were thought to have assaulted the museum.
The news comes after a video was released of the pair roaming the Bardo.
Mr Essebsi said it was clear there had been three attackers, because they had "been identified and filmed on surveillance cameras".
"We've asked the people to help [find the third attacker] because the people are interested in this."
He added in an interview with French media that a monument would be erected in memory of the victims.
Upsurge in extremism
The gunmen are said to have been trained in Libya in an area controlled by Islamic State (IS) militants.
IS has said it was behind the attack on the museum, which is situated next to the country's parliament.
The two gunmen seen in the video were named as Yassine Laabidi and Hatem Khachnaoui. They were both killed in a gunfight with security forces inside the building
In an earlier interview with Paris Match , Mr Essebsi said that "shortcomings" in Tunisia's security system meant "the police and intelligence services had not been thorough enough in protecting the museum".
However, he added that the security services "reacted very efficiently" to the attack and had helped save dozens of lives.
media caption "On Wednesday afternoon, I had my first cancellation. After I had another one in the evening and another one a day after"
Twenty foreigners were among those killed in the attack, including British, Japanese, French, Italian and Colombian tourists.
Following the attack, large numbers of Tunisians gathered outside the museum to protest against terrorism.
The leader of Tunisia's moderate Islamist party, Ennadha, says the country will continue to be under threat of attack as long as neighbouring Libya remains unstable.
media caption Rached Ghannouchi tells the BBC that there is "no place for Daesh in Tunisia"
Rached Ghannouchi told the BBC that IS would not be able to establish a foothold in Tunisia itself but young men were being armed in Libya and crossing borders that were hard to control.
On Saturday, the brother of Yassine Laabidi, one of the gunmen, said Laabidi had been "brainwashed by swines who send young men to their death in the name of religion". |
As a childhood figure skater, Nicole has always felt at home at the rink. But Matt Greene and Jarret Stoll of the Stanley Cup-winning LA Kings show her there’s a few more skills she needs to master on the ice. |
Q:
caffe LayerSetUp and Reshape?
I am reading caffe source code now.
I am confused about LayerSetUp and Reshape methods.
Some layers have both of these methods, others have one or none...
Why? Can anyone explain this to me?
A:
LayerSetUp is called once when loading the net. It's aim is to
(a) Verify the layer has exactly the right number of input/output blobs
(b) Read the parameters of the layer from the prototxt
(c) Initialize internal parameters
On the other hand, Reshape is used to allocate memory for parameters and output blobs and can be called even after the net was setup. For instance, it is common for detection networks to change the input shape, thus Reshapeing all consequent blobs.
|
Former NSA Chief Claims Snowden Has 'Infinitely Weakened' Agency; Ignores Questions About Legality Of Backdoors And Exploits
from the almost-seems-like-he's-still-on-the-payroll dept
Former NSA head Michael Hayden continues to defend the agency from criticism even though he really doesn't have any stake in the outcome. Maybe an agency man is always an agency man, even after they've left for more lucrative private-sector positions. Whatever the reason, Hayden hasn't backed down on any of his assertions, even as more evidence mounts that the agency has seriously overstepped its boundaries.
Hayden was interviewed this past weekend on Face the Nation. We covered his claim that Snowden is a "traitor" earlier, a claim based on the press' misrepresentation of Snowden's letters to Germany and Brazil seeking asylum. [Full transcript here, needlessly marred by an autoplay video.] The usual talking points were deployed, but despite going head-to-head with an interviewer, Hayden still cherry-picked what he would actually respond to.
Interviewer Major Garrett kicked things off by discussing the two recent court decisions on the Section 215 collections, which came to opposite conclusions on the constitutionality of bulk metadata collection. Garrett asked Hayden if relying on a 35-year-old court decision (Smith v. Maryland) is appropriate, considering how much communication technology has changed. According to Hayden, there's no question about whether that case is relevant. It's simply what gives the NSA the permission to gather these records. The NSA (along with the FBI and countless law enforcement agencies) has used this ruling for more than three decades and it's not going to stop now, no matter what one federal judge has said.
Judge Leon ignored precedent. He ignored Smith v. Maryland, the case that you cited. He ignored that 15 FISA judges on over 30 occasions have upheld the lawfulness of this. And then judge Pauley, in the Southern District of New York, within a week issued another warning saying -- or another decision -- saying that this was inherently constitutional. And judge Pauley relied on precedent. Judge Leon relied on exclamation points throughout his judgment, not precedent.
Now it's also been disclosed through Edward Snowden's leaks that the NSA tapped fiber optic cables abroad to siphon data, circumvented or cracked encryption codes and covertly inserted weaknesses into coding mechanisms. Now, you're telling me all of that is done in accordance with the Constitution and raises no fourth amendment concerns?
As long as it's done overseas against people not protected by the fourth amendment to the Constitution, Major, the Constitution doesn't enter into the conversation.
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Pauley may have relied on precedent (as far as Smith v. Maryland was written), but he also relied wholly on the government's trustworthiness and wrote a largely unskeptical opinion that embraced every half-truth or flat-out lie delivered by the NSA in defense of the Section 215 program.Next, Garrett asked this question about some of the more "gray area" collections the NSA performs:Hayden chose to ignore the majority of the question in order to defend the agency.Using overseas cables to grab domestic communications is the agency's way of circumventing the Constitution to grab what it believes it should rightfully have access to. According to the agency, it's perfectly legal to spy on every other citizen in the world. After all, if they wanted privacy, they should have become American citizens, right?But Hayden completely sidesteps Garrett's question about backdoors, exploits and compromised hardware and broken encryption . The agency can't defend these actions in terms of legality or constitutionality, so its defenders just ignore the questions, or talk around them. Phrases like "fighting terrorism" or "making the US more secure" are offered up instead of actual answers.Hayden went on to claim Snowden's leaks have "infinitely weakened" the NSA. Without a doubt, the leaks have had a negative effect on the agency's intelligence gathering. But it's had a much larger impact on the agency's reputation -- and the US government's. The NSA has so thoroughly compromised encryption, computer hardware and communications technology that a majority of what has been leaked will have a very minimal effect on the NSA's intelligence gathering. Important, high-value targets aren't gliding across the visible surface of the internet or utilizing static IP addresses and phone numbers. Everyone knows about the Section 215 program now, but it's hardly resulted in millions of people dropping their phone service.The fears the agencyto have about exposed methods are just a cheap ploy to gather support and play the victim. The deeper, nastier stuff the agency does has yet to be exposed. We got a taste of the NSA's capabilities for installing persistent exploits in consumer and enterprise-level electronics -- and that info, as frightening as it was (i.e., iOS devices can be compromised with a 100% success rate ) was a half-decade out of date. What it can do now is certainly even more incredible.If anything, Snowden's revelations to this point will have done little more than help excise outdated surveillance programs that were long on data collection but short on value. The NSA (and its former leaders) should show a bit of appreciation for this inadvertent push towards working smarter, not harder.
Filed Under: ed snowden, michael hayden, nsa, surveillance |
Primer: comparative genetics of animal models of arthritis--a tool to resolve complexity.
Complex traits, including inflammatory rheumatic diseases, have important genetic features, but most of the responsible genes have not been conclusively identified. Genetic analysis of inbred animal models and comparative genetics--the comparison of genes between different species--might help to identify the crucial genes and to investigate more directly the biology involved. Genome-wide linkage analysis of particular genes can be assessed by genetic segregation studies, whereas disease pathways can be delineated by the use of congenic strains. To clone disease genes, the traits need to be transformed so that they are inherited in a more Mendelian manner: achieving this pattern requires isolation of the locus on a genetic background that allows high penetrance by minimization of the size of congenic fragments, genetic manipulations without associated artifacts, or identification of highly penetrant mutations by phenotypic selection. Although almost one hundred quantitative trait loci for arthritis have been identified, only a few genes have so far been positionally cloned. In this Review we highlight the possibilities of using animal models to identify genes associated with complex diseases like arthritis, illustrated with available findings for genes such as those encoding major histocompatibility complex class II, neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (Ncf1/p47(phox)) and ZAP70. |
It is a common problem for drivers to find and read the addresses of residences and businesses while driving, especially at night. One known solution to this problem is to internally illuminate the address from within a hollow sign housing, usually having a flat rectangular shape for mounting to the wall of a house or hanging from a lamppost. Another known solution is to place the address sign closer to the road, rather than mounting it directly on the building. In some cases, signs which have been separated from the building and moved closer to the road, for example attached to a mailbox or mounted in the yard at the edge of the street, have also been internally illuminated to further aid recognition at night.
An example of an internally illuminated address sign located on a house is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,798,323 to Witz. It has a hollow housing with an internal lamp and a partially translucent or transparent front face.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,843,525 to Williams discloses an internally illuminated address sign mounted in a yard with a number of ground piercing stakes. The sign is additionally solar powered.
Another solar powered illuminated yard marker is disclosed in U.S. Design Patent No. 315,928 to Flieder. A conventionally powered illuminated yard sign is disclosed in U.S. Design Patent No. 307,768 to Levin, again having a relatively one-dimensional hollow housing with a yard mounting stake. U.S. Design Patent No. 250,913 to Kozial discloses an internally lit address sign attached to a lamppost. U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,285 to Wise discloses a hollow mailbox post with transparent windows on two sides for address information and an elongated bulb in the post for internal illumination of the address.
These prior patents do not fully address the need for an internally illuminated address sign which can be easily read by drivers approaching from either side of the street, is weather-resistant, is simple to make, and is an attractive structural addition to a yard. |
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 is involved in the efflux of Aconitum alkaloids determined by MRP2-MDCKII cells.
Aconitum alkaloids mainly contain highly toxic aconitine (AC), mesaconitine (MA), and hypaconitine (HA) and less toxic benzoylaconine (BAC), benzoylmesaconine (BMA), benzoylhypaconine (BHA), aconine, mesaconine, and hypaconine. The efflux transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) can efflux toxicants to prevent poisoning. Our previous publication has proved that P-gp and BCRP contributed to the efflux of AC, MA and HA, which is demonstrated in the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines (Caco-2 cells), Mardin-Darby canine kidney cell lines transfected with MDR1 or BCRP (MDR1-MDCKII and BCRP-MDCKII cells). However, the role of MRP2 remains uncertain. The MRP2-MDCKII cells were used to determine the efflux ratios (Er) and intracellular amounts of Aconitum alkaloids. In addition, the importance of MRP2 was further investigated with or without the MRP2 inhibitor, LTC4. The Er values of AC, MA, HA, BAC, BMA and BHA in MRP2-MDCKII cells (6.4 ± 0.3, 5.9 ± 0.5, 2.2 ± 0.2, 1.6 ± 0.3, 1.7 ± 0.2 and 1.9 ± 0.2 respectively) were significantly higher than those in MDCKII cells, which were close to 1. In the presence of LTC4, the Er values of AC, MA, HA, BAC, BMA and BHA were reduced to approximately 1 and their intracellular amounts were also significantly increased in MRP2-MDCKII cells. MRP2 was involved in the efflux of AC, MA, HA, BAC, BMA and BHA, which would be useful for the safe application of these components or their herbs. |
Web orientation and prey resources for web-building spiders in eastern hemlock.
We examined the arthropod community on eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr, in the context of its role in providing potential prey items for hemlock-associated web-weaving spiders. Using sticky traps simulating spider webs, we evaluated what prey items are available to web-weaving spiders in eastern hemlock based on web orientation (horizontal versus vertical) and cardinal direction. We found that the overwhelming majority (>70%) of prey items available to spiders in hemlock canopies were Diptera. Psocoptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera comprised most of the remaining potential prey. A significant direction × orientation interaction, and greater trap capture in some direction-orientation combinations, suggests that spiders might locate their webs in eastern hemlock canopies for thermoregulatory purposes, ultimately optimizing prey capture. We also evaluated these findings in the context of hemlock infestation by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand. The adelgid is a sedentary insect with a mobile crawler stage that provides a readily available, easily obtained food source for predators in hemlock canopies. However, an abundance of alternative prey will affect within canopy spider distribution and the potential intensity with which spiders consume these prey. Understanding the response of spiders to potential prey availability is essential to understanding the trophic interactions involving these predators and their potential for influencing herbivore populations. |
Area Rugs Stores in Wichita Kansas
Wichita is the largest city in Kansas and home to many area rugs stores. Click on a logo below to learn more about an individual area rugs store. The following area rugs stores also service 62 cities near Wichita Kansas and are listed underneath the area rugs store listings.
Featured Wichita Area Rugs Stores
THE DECOR CENTER, INC
WICHITAKS67203USA
NATIONAL FLOORING
WICHITAKS67214USA
NATIONAL FLOORING
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HARRY STREET CARPET
WICHITAKS67213USA
FARHA CARPET & BUILDING SUPPLY
WICHITAKS67213USA
JABARA CARPET OUTLET INC
WICHITAKS67214USA
SUTHERLAND LUMBER #1402
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STAR LUMBER & SUPPLY CO INC
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STAR LUMBER CO
WICHITAKS67213USA
Area Rugs stores listed above also service cities near Wichita, Kansas |
Contribution of Th1 and Th2 cells to protection and pathology in experimental models of granulomatous lung disease.
Mice that had received adoptive transfer of DO11.10 TCR transgenic T cells polarized toward a Th1 or a Th2 phenotype were challenged with Ag-coated beads or with recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis expressing the OVA determinant. The resulting bead-induced pulmonary granulomas reflected the phenotype of the adoptively transferred T cells, with the Th2 cells promoting a fibrotic reaction. Mice receiving Th1 cells mounted an epitope-specific protective response to challenge with recombinant M. tuberculosis. Th2 recipients were characterized by enhanced weight loss and lung fibrosis during acute high-dose infection. The combination of TCR transgenic T cells and epitope-tagged mycobacteria provides a novel experimental model for investigation of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. |
EFTM
Create your own tailored suit online with Vinspi
Whether you’re a world class athlete, a high-flying executive or an unemployed bogan, every self-respecting man should have at least one suit lining their wardrobe. But rather than buying a cheap, uncomfortable number from Lowes, why not spend a bit more money and get a tailored suit made from online retailer Vinspi.
Based in Melbourne, Vinspi offers a wide range of customisable suits for the discerning male, with a variety of fabrics and design decisions to choose from. Whether it’s deciding how many buttons, how many pockets, or whether to go with a pinstripe navy or a plain merino black fabric, every decision about your suit’s design can be dictated by the buyer using a simple online interface.
But what makes the Vinspi offering so superior to that of your local Roger David is the custom fit. Using a comprehensive online guide, you take key measurements of your body while ordering the suit, ensuring that the final product is tailored to fit your body perfectly. The end result is a superior quality suit that looks better on you because it was made to fit your body precisely.
Vinspi even goes so far as to guarantee the fit, offering to pay for minor alterations to the suit from a local accredited tailor.
Of course, if choosing colours and designs is a little outside your comfort zone, Vinspi also has a range of pre-designed suits that offer the same level of tailoring to your body size. They also offer the same tailoring to your business shirts, allowing you to create an entire wardrobe of clothes designed to fit your body. You can also check out the company’s blog to get some ideas about what sort of styles might work for you.
Prices start at just $419 for a two piece suit. Sure, that’s a premium on the $99 offerings you can grab from Lowes, but the end result is a much finer fit and a much nicer looking suit, and a fraction of the price you’d get from a local tailor. Business shirts start at $89 a pop, which is surprisingly affordable for a custom fit product.
It looks like an amazing service that can bring style to men of all shapes and sizes at an affordable price. EFTM will be taking a closer look at Vinspi’s offerings in the coming weeks, so stay tuned. |
Q:
SQL-like query across multiple dataframes in R
I've got this setup and running in an Access DB, but I'm having difficulty translating this into R.
Dataframe A:
ID, B1, B2, B3, group
1, 0.2, 0.4, 1000, red
...
4447, 0.4, 0.32, 800, blue
Dataframe B (mean of columns from Dataframe A, based on column "group":
ID, group, meanB1, meanB2, meanB3
1, red, 0.45, 0.313, 990.32
...
6, blue, 0.39, 0.289, 790.54
There's also a third Dataframe C, which is the standard deviation of columns in Dataframe A, again, based on column "group".
I have an equation (simplified here) that I want to calculate for each line of Dataframe A, but it requires an input from associated entry in Dataframe B, like so:
FuncZ <- function(a, b, c) {(((a - b)/c)^2)}
Where a is line from Dataframe A (e.g., 4477), and b from Dataframe B (e.g., red), and c from Dataframe C (e.g., red).
This is relatively easy in Access, but I'd like to do it the R way.
A:
1) Merge by group
BigDataFrame <- merge(DataFrameA, DataFrameB, DataFrameC, by="group")
2) Evaluate within scope of new data.frame
with(BigDataFrame, (((a - b)/c)^2))
|
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