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A lot can happen between now and November 2018. That's when Manny Machado's contract expires, sparking what's sure to be an intense bidding war for one of the best players in the game. Will he choose to stay with the only team he has ever known, or will he opt for a certain division rival that has a habit of seducing superstar free agents? (Or will he go for what's behind door No. 3?) With the New York Yankees and Baltimore Orioles kicking off a key three-game set at Camden Yards (1 p.m. ET, ESPN), baseball writers Andrew Marchand and Eddie Matz debate. Marchand: Machado makes a lot of sense for the Yankees, because he seems like A-Rod with less drama and just as much of a rivalry with the Red Sox. Plus, if you look at the Yankees' system, they don't necessarily have an out-of-this-world prospect at third. Well, they might have one: They could move Gleyber Torres there, as he's playing the position some at Triple-A, and Miguel Andujar, though he's no sure thing, is a pretty talented 22-year-old at Double-A. Still, Machado could be the Yankees' play over Bryce Harper after the 2018 season. B-more or the Bronx? Where will Manny Machado play in 2019? Vote at the bottom of the page » Matz: Machado makes just as much sense, if not more, for the Orioles. Everyone wants to talk about how New York has gone out of its way to clear the books in preparation for the 2018 free-agent class, but Baltimore currently has just $43 million on the books for 2019, or about $30 million less than the Yanks. Not to mention, Manny's heart still belongs to his first love: shortstop. In related news, with J.J. Hardy's contract expiring, the O's should have a vacancy at short. Marchand: If he wants to play shortstop, maybe he'll stay in Baltimore (or go someplace else), but from my experience, players usually take top dollar. When was the last time the Orioles outbid the Yankees for a player? I'm waiting ... Matz: I'm not saying Machado takes a hometown discount. What I am saying is that, despite their frugal reputation, the Orioles -- whose $163 million payroll this year is MLB's 10th highest -- have shown a willingness to spend when needed. If they were willing to plunk down $23 million a year on Chris Davis, it wouldn't surprise me to see them break the Bird bank on Machado and at least match any offer from the Yanks. Marchand: The Orioles really should be the highest bidder for Machado. It is an indictment of their franchise if they can't keep one of the most special young players in the game in that market. It would be doubly insulting for them if he ended up in the Bronx, which could be a superteam. If Torres becomes a star at second, the Yankees' infield might be Greg Bird, Torres, Didi Gregorius and Machado. Two years is longer than it might seem, so the combination could be different, but you put Machado into the Yankees' mix and wow, it'd be something. Matz: No question Machado donning pinstripes would be viewed in Baltimore as heresy. Which is a big reason the O's are likely to back up the Brink's truck. But it's not the only reason. While owner Peter Angelos is notorious for pinching pennies when it comes to pitching, dude loves the long ball and is willing to pay for it. In related news, Manny is on pace to hit 35-plus homers for the third straight season. Marchand: Machado would be an absolute star in New York. He wouldn't make the splash Harper's arrival would, but if he wants the ultimate spotlight, that might very well be 2019 with the Yankees. Their prospects could all be good to go, making Machado the final cog for an unbelievable offense. Plus, the Yankees might pay him the most. There are a lot of factors, but the Yankees definitely could be big players for Machado. Matz: The one X factor we haven't mentioned yet? Jonathan Schoop. The O's second baseman and Machado are thicker than Baltimore humidity. They came up together. They locker next to each other. Even though Schoop isn't slated to hit free agency until a year after his bestie, signing him early to a long-term extension -- if the Birds are able to swing it -- could help persuade Manny to choose B-more over the Bronx.
# Understanding Ownership The second edition of the book is no longer distributed with Rust's documentation. If you came here via a link or web search, you may want to check out [the current version of the book](../ch04-00-understanding-ownership.html) instead. If you have an internet connection, you can [find a copy distributed with Rust 1.30](https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.30.0/book/second-edition/ch04-00-understanding-ownership.html).
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>templates-parent</artifactId> <groupId>org.jboss.forge.addon</groupId> <version>3.9.8-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <properties> <version.freemarker>2.3.20</version.freemarker> </properties> <artifactId>templates-freemarker</artifactId> <name>Forge - Freemarker SPI impl in Templates Addon</name> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.forge.furnace.container</groupId> <artifactId>simple</artifactId> <classifier>forge-addon</classifier> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.forge.addon</groupId> <artifactId>templates-api</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.forge.addon</groupId> <artifactId>resources</artifactId> <classifier>forge-addon</classifier> </dependency> <!-- Freemarker --> <dependency> <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId> <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId> <version>${version.freemarker}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
Dunedin's Olivia Welsh a natural in the pole vault Search Twitter More Video Facebook Dunedin’s Olivia Welsh sprinted down the pole vault runway, coordinated perfectly and lofted herself over the bar at 9 feet, a height that usually would not raise any eyebrows. But Welsh, a sophomore, cleared the mark in her first high school meet, three weeks after picking up a pole for the first time. “To go from never trying the sport, to going that high right from the start is pretty remarkable,” said Dave Mason, who coaches Welsh in the vault. “I knew right then I had a pretty good pole vaulter.” Welsh began her athletic career as a tennis and soccer player. But after her developmental club soccer team disbanded, she thought about trying another sport in hopes of eventually landing a college scholarship. It was only natural that she would gravitate toward track. After all, her parents, Jason and Ann Welsh, both ran hurdles at Florida State. Ann, who is from Scotland, also competed in the Commonwealth Games in 1982 (the youngest competitor at the time) and 1986. Olivia’s older sister, Hannah, a former standout at Dunedin, is currently a high jumper and heptathlete with the Seminoles. “Olivia has always been a little sports nut,” Ann said. “She even tried to play tackle football when she was young. So we weren’t terribly surprised that she would give track a go. The hurdles were obvious because we’ve done that. But the pole vault was a surprise. She’s still trying to explain all the details with it. But she loves it.” The stellar times in the 100 hurdles came quickly. At the Ed Wells/Kiwanis Invitational last month, Welsh set the meet record, winning in 14.91 seconds. She has continued to drop time in the event with her personal record now at 14.7 seconds. No one, however, could anticipate the heights she has soared to in the pole vault, an event that combines sprint, speed, upper-body strength and gymnastic body control. The first thing Welsh had to get over was the jitters of hanging upside down from a wildly bending pole and letting it fling her a few feet in the air. After all, poles sometimes shatter, vaulters sometimes miss the pit. “When I first started, I was really nervous,” Welsh said. “The pole vault was completely new to me. But I’ve had some really great coaching, and it’s becoming comfortable to me.” Two weeks after her first meet, Welsh continued her remarkable ascent, clearing 10-7 at East Lake’s Early Bird Invitational. That was followed by a vault of 11-1 at the West Coast Invitational that set a meet record despite wet and windy conditions. She matched that height at the Ed Wells/Kiwanis Invitational. “After the first couple of meets in the pole vault, I was like ‘Whoa, I actually went that high,’ ” Welsh said. “It’s given me a lot of confidence because I’m reaching heights that have been a surprise to me.” Now the goal is to win district and region titles the next two weeks and place high in both at state. “Considering how far she has come I think she a chance to do really well in the postseason,” Mason said. “There’s no telling what she can do the next few years. The sky is the limit for her.” District meets Class 2A-7When/where: 1 p.m. Friday; Central HighTeams: Central, Crystal River, Gulf, Hernando, Hudson, Nature Coast, Pasco, Ridgewood, South Sumter, Weeki Wachee, Wesley ChapelAthletes to watch: Nature Coast, led by Rita Jarque and James Harkless, is coming off a sweep of the Citrus-Hernando Championships, and their girls and boys teams have the greatest depth. But Pasco and Springstead will bring star power. Pirate sprinter Alfreda Steele is coming off wins in the 100 (12.15), 200 (24.87) and long jump (18-10.25) and could make state in all three events. Eagles high jumper Bobby Harris has been unbeatable. The Springstead girls are led by Wilena Little (200, long jump) and Ty’Rhonza Harris (triple jump). Ridgewood pole vaulter Brian Swanson, who recently vaulted 13-6, and Hernando discus thrower Lauren Plaugher look to return to state. Class 2A-11 When/where: 11 a.m. Thursday; Sarasota BookerTeams: Booker, Arcadia DeSoto County, Dunedin, Gibbs, Wauchula Hardee, Lakewood, Bradenton SoutheastAthletes to watch: Dunedin hurdler Ahmad Middleton has swept the 110 and 300 hurdles at every major meet this season and will be favored to move on as a district champion. Gibbs sprinter Jerosan Fletcher won the 100, 200, 400 and the long jump at last week’s conference meet and will compete in all four events at districts. The Gladiators also have a slew of boys sprinters, led by Damien Daniels, Maurice Hall, Jaquez President and Craig Watts, who give them depth in the 100 and 200, and make them strong contenders in the 4x100 and 4x400 relays Class A-8 When/where: 1 p.m. today; Frostproof HighTeams: Winter Haven All Saints’, Clearwater Central Catholic, Fort Meade, Lakeland Christian, Lakeland Santa Fe Catholic, Lakeland Sonrise Christian, Lake Wales Vanguard, Lakeland Victory ChristianAthletes to watch: The Marauders have used their football players to their advantage. CJ Cotman is among the favorites in the 100, and Diquan Walker has a chance to win the long jump. Both should be on the 4x100 relay team that also could place in the top two. Class A-9 When/where: 3:30 Thursday; Calvary ChristianTeams: Academy at the Lakes, Bayshore Christian, Bishop McLaughlin, Calvary Christian, Cambridge Christian, Carrollwood Day, Indian Rocks Christian, Seffner Christian, Tampa Bay HEAT, Tampa PrepAthletes to watch: Calvary Christian has a strong distance contingent, led by miler and half-miler Hannah Brookover, who was fourth in the mile last year at state but has run 10 seconds faster than that this season. Others that could advance to state include Indian Rocks Christian’s Bobbi LaBrant (400, 800, pole vault), Seffner Christian thrower Jamari Johnson, Carrollwood Day sprinter Elias Early, Bishop McLaughlin high jumper Desiree’ Nathe (a 5-4 jump her last time out) and Cambridge Christian’s Madison Cox, who was fourth last year at state in the 100, and could be in the mix in the 400 as well. Class A-10 When/where: 9:45 a.m. Thursday; Sarasota Out-of-DoorTeams: Admiral Farragut, Canterbury, Sarasota Cardinal Mooney, Port Charlotte Community Christian, Keswick Christian, Lakeside Christian, Northside Christian, Out-of-Door, Sarasota Christian, Shorecrest, St. Petersburg Catholic, Bradenton St. Stephen’s.Athletes to watch: Admiral Farragut’s Brittany McGee will likely compete in the high jump, long jump and 100 and 300 hurdles. The two that she will concentrate on are the long jump and 100 hurdles, especially after finishing in the top two in both at nearly every major meet. Shorecrest’s Assata Trader is the defending state champion in the 100. She will be pushed by Northside Christian’s Deterrica Simpkins, who also is a contender in the 200. The Chargers’ Alex Eaton should be in the top three in the 1,600.
Natural colorants: Pigment stability and extraction yield enhancement via utilization of appropriate pretreatment and extraction methods. Natural colorants from plant-based materials have gained increasing popularity due to health consciousness of consumers. Among the many steps involved in the production of natural colorants, pigment extraction is one of the most important. Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and hydrodistillation are conventional methods that have been widely used in industry and laboratory for such a purpose. Recently, various non-conventional methods, such as supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pulsed-electric field extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction have emerged as alternatives to conventional methods due to the advantages of the former in terms of smaller solvent consumption, shorter extraction time, and more environment-friendliness. Prior to the extraction step, pretreatment of plant materials to enhance the stability of natural pigments is another important step that must be carefully taken care of. In this paper, a comprehensive review of appropriate pretreatment and extraction methods for chlorophylls, carotenoids, betalains, and anthocyanins, which are major classes of plant pigments, is provided by using pigment stability and extraction yield as assessment criteria.
/* === This file is part of Calamares - <https://calamares.io> === * * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2018 Caio Jordão Carvalho <caiojcarvalho@gmail.com> * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later * * Calamares is Free Software: see the License-Identifier above. * / #include "ResizeVolumeGroupJob.h" // KPMcore #include <kpmcore/core/lvmdevice.h> #include <kpmcore/core/partition.h> #include <kpmcore/ops/resizevolumegroupoperation.h> #include <kpmcore/util/report.h> ResizeVolumeGroupJob::ResizeVolumeGroupJob( LvmDevice device, QVector< const Partition* >& partitionList ) : m_device( device ) , m_partitionList( partitionList ) { } QString ResizeVolumeGroupJob::prettyName() const { return tr( "Resize volume group named %1 from %2 to %3." ) .arg( m_device->name() ) .arg( currentPartitions() ) .arg( targetPartitions() ); } QString ResizeVolumeGroupJob::prettyDescription() const { return tr( "Resize volume group named <strong>%1</strong> from <strong>%2</strong> to <strong>%3</strong>." ) .arg( m_device->name() ) .arg( currentPartitions() ) .arg( targetPartitions() ); } QString ResizeVolumeGroupJob::prettyStatusMessage() const { return tr( "Resize volume group named %1 from %2 to %3." ) .arg( m_device->name() ) .arg( currentPartitions() ) .arg( targetPartitions() ); } Calamares::JobResult ResizeVolumeGroupJob::exec() { Report report( nullptr ); ResizeVolumeGroupOperation op( m_device, m_partitionList ); op.setStatus( Operation::OperationStatus::StatusRunning ); QString message = tr( "The installer failed to resize a volume group named '%1'." ).arg( m_device->name() ); if ( op.execute( report ) ) { return Calamares::JobResult::ok(); } return Calamares::JobResult::error( message, report.toText() ); } QString ResizeVolumeGroupJob::currentPartitions() const { QString result; for ( const Partition p : m_device->physicalVolumes() ) { result += p->deviceNode() + ", "; } result.chop( 2 ); return result; } QString ResizeVolumeGroupJob::targetPartitions() const { QString result; for ( const Partition* p : m_partitionList ) { result += p->deviceNode() + ", "; } result.chop( 2 ); return result; }
package org.osmdroid.samples; import org.osmdroid.R; import org.osmdroid.tileprovider.MapTileProviderBasic; import org.osmdroid.tileprovider.tilesource.TileSourceFactory; import org.osmdroid.util.GeoPoint; import org.osmdroid.views.CustomZoomButtonsController; import org.osmdroid.views.MapView; import org.osmdroid.views.overlay.CopyrightOverlay; import org.osmdroid.views.overlay.TilesOverlay; import android.graphics.Color; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import android.widget.RelativeLayout; import android.widget.RelativeLayout.LayoutParams; /** * * @author Alex van der Linden * / public class SampleWithTilesOverlay extends AppCompatActivity { private MapView mMapView; /* Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); // Setup base map setContentView(R.layout.activity_samplewithtilesoverlay); Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.my_toolbar); setSupportActionBar(toolbar); //noinspection ConstantConditions getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true); getSupportActionBar().setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(true); final LinearLayout mapContainer = findViewById(R.id.map_container); mMapView = new MapView(this); mMapView.setTilesScaledToDpi(true); mapContainer.addView(this.mMapView, new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT)); mMapView.getZoomController().setVisibility( CustomZoomButtonsController.Visibility.SHOW_AND_FADEOUT); //Copyright overlay String copyrightNotice = mMapView.getTileProvider().getTileSource().getCopyrightNotice(); CopyrightOverlay copyrightOverlay = new CopyrightOverlay(this); copyrightOverlay.setCopyrightNotice(copyrightNotice); mMapView.getOverlays().add(copyrightOverlay); // zoom to the netherlands mMapView.getController().setZoom(8.); mMapView.getController().setCenter(new GeoPoint(53.6, 5.3)); // Add tiles layer MapTileProviderBasic provider = new MapTileProviderBasic(getApplicationContext()); provider.setTileSource(TileSourceFactory.PUBLIC_TRANSPORT); TilesOverlay tilesOverlay = new TilesOverlay(provider, this.getBaseContext()); tilesOverlay.setLoadingBackgroundColor(Color.TRANSPARENT); mMapView.getOverlays().add(tilesOverlay); } @Override public boolean onSupportNavigateUp() { onBackPressed(); return true; } @Override public void onPause(){ super.onPause(); mMapView.onPause(); } @Override public void onResume(){ super.onResume(); mMapView.onResume(); } }
Karnataka transport dept now wants to fix taxi fares based on vehicle model Cab aggregators had requested the Transport Department to increase the maximum fare of AC taxis to Rs 28 per km. news Cab Aggregators Ola and Uber driver-partners, since December 2016, have been protesting the Transport Department’s imposition of a maximum uniform fare of Rs 19.5 per km for AC cabs. In view of the grievances aired by cab aggregators, the state Transport Department has sent a proposal to the government, asking for its nod on a revised minimum and maximum fare plan. According to a report by the Times of India, the new plan aims to fix the maximum and minimum fares based on the type of vehicle. According to Transport Commissioner B Dayananda, cab aggregators had requested the department to increase the maximum fare of AC taxis to Rs 28 per km. “Since all vehicles do not have the same features, revised fares based on the type and cost of the vehicle have been formulated and sent for the state government’s approval,” Commissioner Daynanda said. He added that the cost of a ride in an SUV will be more than the ride in a smaller vehicle. The rates will be made public only if the government approves the proposal. The revised fares were formulated by a committee set up by the department and included all stakeholders, including representatives of the cab aggregators and also members of the various taxi unions. “The cab aggregators, during peak hours, charge double, or triple or sometimes more, based on the demand. Cab aggregators had lobbied to increase the maximum price to Rs 40 per km. They did not want a cap on minimum rate. However, since the extremely low rates are not profitable for drivers, we have decided to set a minimum fare as well,” the Commissioner added. Minimum fares are necessary as the aggregators are plying cabs at extremely low rates and cab drivers are not able to meet their operational cost. “The cab aggregators are bringing in unhealthy competition and the surge pricing method is against the Karnataka On-demand Transportation Technology Aggregators Rules 2016,” he added.
Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer is a starting material for making advanced semiconductor chips. Currently the most advanced method of making the SOI wafers is a layer transfer method. In the layer transfer method, a thin film of crystalline material is delaminated from a first wafer and laminated on a surface of a second wafer. The first wafer is called a donor wafer, and the second one is called a destination wafer. Either the donor or the destination wafer or both can have insulating films on their surfaces. Those insulator films further appear as a middle layer in a 3-layer sandwich structure that is obtained by the layer transfer process. The sandwich structure which consists of a silicon wafer with silicon dioxide and silicon films on its top is referred as the SOI wafer, and it is mostly used in mass production of advanced chips. The layer transfer process was invented by Bruel, and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,374,564 awarded to him. Bruel's process was later named Smart-Cut. The Smart-Cut process sequence is schematically illustrated on FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. Due to the Smart-Cut process, FIG. 1A an initial donor wafer 101 with a silicon dioxide layer 102 is provided. Then, FIG. 1B, the wafer 101 is implanted through oxide 102 with hydrogen ions 103 which stops inside of silicon wafer and form a hydrogen-rich layer 104. The layer 104 divides the wafer 101 into silicon film 105 to be further transferred and a leftover part 106. Then, FIG. 1C the donor wafer 101 is brought into contact with a destination wafer 107 and a prebonded wafer assembly 108 with bonding interface 109 is formed. Then, FIG. 1D the assembly 108 is heated to cause a spontaneous cleavage along the hydrogen-rich layer 104 and make a SOI wafer 109 and a leftover wafer 110. The SOI wafer 109 consists of a silicon wafer 107 covered with a silicon dioxide film 111 and a single crystalline silicon film 112 having a work side surface 113. More processing details 201–208 of the Smart-Cut are illustrated by FIG. 2. The Smart-Cut process still has drawbacks that where partially eliminated by numerical improvements as described in patents awarded to Goesele—U.S. Pat. No. 6,150,239, to Henley—U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,207, to Usenko—U.S. Pat. No. 6,352,909, and in others. The most important drawbacks of the Smart-Cut are as follows: (1) difficult to get thin transferred layer; (2) high manufacturing cost. The difficulty in the transfer of thinner layers in the Smart-Cut is caused by the use of hydrogen implantation into plain silicon lattice. In the Smart-Cut, hydrogen implantation depth defines a plane along which a film is further delaminated from the donor wafer. Hydrogen is the lightest ion; therefore it penetrates into targets deeper than any other ion being implanted. At typical hydrogen ion energy of about 100 keV used in the Smart-Cut process, the hydrogen penetrates to a depth of about 1 micrometer below the silicon surface. And, about 1-micron thick layer is delaminated from a donor substrate and laminated to a destination substrate. The typical final Unibond™ wafer (SOI wafer obtained by Smart-Cut process) therefore has about 1-micron thick superficial silicon, or about 1-micron thick stacks consisting of the superficial silicon, and an insulative film. Chip manufacturing, however, requires much thinner superficial silicon, and insulator layer thicknesses. Manufacturing of mainstream chips that have fully depleted CMOS architecture requires the thickness to be no more than 50 nanometers. In the future, manufacturing chips will require even thinner silicon layers as the chipmaking advances mainly by scaling down all features, including the lateral and vertical dimensions of transistors constituting the chips. Smart-cut however, is limited to layer transfers in excess of 200 nm. There were attempts to obtain thinner layers by the Smart-Cut by lowering of hydrogen implantation energy. Bruel's patent does not claim hydrogen energy range, but later it was found that the lowest energy is about 20 keV [Y. V. Nastaushev, T. Gavrilova, M. Kachanova, L. Nenasheva, V. Kolosanov, O. V. Naumova, V. P. Popov, A. L. Aseev “20-nm Resolution of electron lithography for the nano-devices on ultrathin SOI film” Materials Science and Engineering C vol. 19 (2002) 189–192]. At lower energies, Smart-Cut process fails. In the case of low implantation energy, implanted hydrogen does not form an in-depth distribution with a clear peak at some depth. Instead, hydrogen is distributed quite evenly from surface to some depth in silicon. When there is no a well defined peak, the donor wafer is either not cleavable, or it cleaves at various depths along the wafer area, and a layer that is highly non-uniform in thickness is further delaminated and transferred onto a destination wafer. The relative widening of the peak of the implanted specie with energy decrease is a general feature of ion implantation that relates to all kinds of implanted ions. At higher energies, ions show an average depth where they stop (called projection range) that is much bigger, than average depth deviation (called struggle). At low energies, the struggle is approaching ½ of the projection range, and therefore the ion distribution looses peak pattern with energy lowering. High energy (tens of keV or more) ions predominantly loose their energy while penetrating a target by transferring energy to electrons of the target. When ion energy drops to about 20 keV, another mechanism of interaction with a target becomes dominant. The mechanism is displacing of target atoms. Therefore at the end of its track, ion makes numerical displacements of target lattice atoms and quickly stops. This results in quite narrow peak of distribution of high energy ions. Implanting of sub-20-keV ions predominantly results in displacing of target lattice atoms beginning from initial hit into the lattice; in other words, the low energy ion begins to destroy target lattice as soon as it hits the crystal surface. Therefore sub-20-keV implanting results in in-depth profile of implanted ions that is rather diffused, then a peak-like. The diffused profile causes the Smart-Cur failure. Another reason why Smart-Cut fails to transfer thin films relates to surface damage by sub-20 keV ions. The damaged surface has higher roughness then an initial polished surface. Rough surface donor cannot be bonded to the destination wafer. Without bonding, the layer cannot be transferred, and Smart-Cut fails. Another cause why Smart-Cut fails to transfer thin films is a premature blistering of wafer surface if the wafer is implanted with low energy ions. Hydrogen implantation results in creating of pressurized hydrogen bubbles under wafer surface. Low energy implantation results in shallow location of the bubbles. Thinner layer of silicon covering the bubbles is easier to break. The wafers implanted with sub-20 keV hydrogen ions blister at implantation doses that are lower than a dose needed for layer transfer. Attempts to obtain thin superficial silicon by transferring of 200-nm Si—SiO2 stacks mostly consisting from SiO2 (like 50 nm of Si and 150 nm of SiO2) also fails. In this case implanted hydrogen segregates at Si—SiO2 interface instead of forming a cleavage plane inside of silicon. Only SiO2 layer transfers are obtained, and SOI wafers are not obtained. Additional thinning of transferred films by polishing or etching is typically used to extend the Smart-Cut capabilities into sub-100 nm range. Thinning however increases thickness non-uniformity of the superficial crystalline film of SOI wafer that is highly undesirable. High manufacturing costs of the Smart-Cut are caused by necessity of prolonged hydrogen implanting. Smart-Cut requires implanting of hydrogen in a dose exceeding 4×1016 cm−2. Even though this dose is two orders of magnitude bigger, than doses used in chip manufacturing, modern implanters allow getting reasonably high throughput for this dose as they have high ion beam current. Hydrogen implantation in Smart-Cut cannot however benefit from high ion beam current. The higher the beam current, the stronger is target heating. If the target (i.e, silicon wafer) is heated over about 80° C. during the implantation, Smart-Cut fails. Heating of the wafer under implantation causes premature blistering. Due to its low solubility in silicon, implanted hydrogen immediately segregates into pressurized bubbles. At elevated temperature the bubbles develop high pressure and cause fracture of silicon film covering the bubble. FIG. 3 shows a typical picture of wafer that is implanted at high beam current. On FIG. 3, areas 301 are not blistered, while areas 302 are blistered. In this case, the blistered areas are closer to the wafer center which had worse contact to a thermal sink and was heated to higher temperature. To obtain higher throughput of Smart-Cut implantation, cooling of the silicon wafer during the Smart-Cut implantation is typically used. The cooling, however, allows increasing the hydrogen ion beam current no more then by a factor of 2 or 3. It means that the implantation time for one wafer can be decreased from several hours per wafer to about one hour per wafer that is very low throughput in wafer production. Batch implanters process up to about a dozen wafers simultaneously. Those implanters allow increasing the throughput by about a factor equal to a number of the simultaneously processed wafers. Therefore the best achievable throughput in the Smart-Cut is limited to about 10 wph (wafers per hour). This is not enough to achieve a cost-efficient SOI wafer production. To obtain higher throughput of Smart-Cut implantation, plasma immersion ion implantation was suggested. Henley in U.S. Pat. No. 6,582,999 as well as in his previous 20 related patents (U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,548,382, 6,528,391, 6,511,899, 6,458,672, 6,413,837, 6,321,134, 6,291,326, 6,291,314, 6,290,804, 6,248,649, 6,207,005, 6,162,705, 6,155,909, 6,153,524, 6,146,979, 6,083,324, 6,013,563, 6,010,579, 5,994,207, 5,985,742) describes using of plasma immersion ion implantation instead of conventional beam implantation to introduce hydrogen into silicon to a defined plane for further cleavage and SOI wafer production. The plasma immersion ion implantation is similar to the regular implantation in many considerations. The plasma immersion equipment can be described as a simplified ion implanter: a regular implanter but not equipped with ion separator. Another important feature of the plasma immersion ion implantation is that it is pulsed. In a wafer being implanted, all vacancies and interstitials are generated during the pulse, and therefore, it results in denser concentration of vacancies, and interstitials at the end of the pulse as compared to the steady state defect generation. The denser concentration of the generated defects causes more efficient annihilation of the defects. Finally, in the Smart-Cut at room temperature, about 50% of hydrogen find a vacancy, form a hydrogen-vacancy site, and retain in the silicon, while less then 10% of hydrogen introduces by plasma immersion ion implantation find a vacancy and retain in silicon. However, the plasma immersion ion implantation has an advantage over the beam implantation as it allows obtaining much higher hydrogen fluences. The beam implantation is limited to no more then about 0.1 A hydrogen ion beam current, while plasma immersion ion implantation can yield up to 10 A in averaged hydrogen current into the wafer. Therefore, the plasma immersion ion implantation can potentially give better wafer throughput, than the beam implantation, even though the hydrogen losses are much higher in the plasma immersion case. The direct replacement of the beam implantation by plasma immersion in the Smart-Cut results, however, in much worse quality of final SOI wafers. The reason is that in the plasma immersion case, hydrogen having energies from almost zero to about 40 keV is implanted. That results in hydrogen retention in wide layer from surface to about 0.5 micrometer. Immediately after implantation, hydrogen is in form of bubbles in silicon. High temperature anneal after cleavage removes hydrogen from silicon leaving empty voids in place of hydrogen bubbles. A crystalline quality of that heavily hydrogenated silicon cannot be healed by annealing to a level required by chip production. Henley does not describe in his patents, what is the minimum hydrogen dose needed to enable the layer transfer with plasma immersion ion implantation. The minimum dose was experimentally determined independently, and it exceeds 1018 cm−2, i.e., much higher dose than in the Smart-Cut. Silicon has about 1018 cm−3 contamination of oxygen, and also non-negligible concentration of other doping and unintentional impurities evenly distributed in silicon. Some of them works as infinite traps for hydrogen; and the higher dose hydrogen implantation, the bigger amount of hydrogen platelets and bubbles will be created on these unintentional and unavoidable traps. The hydrogen platelets and the bubbles are non-point defects, and silicon that contains these features cannot be annealed to restore its initial perfect lattice. Finally, plasma immersion implantation version of the Smart-Cut results in SOI wafers with low quality superficial silicon. That silicon contains voids in high density. Another problem with Henley's process is that it results in thinner transferred layers at wafer periphery as compared to the wafer center. This is because the plasma immersion implantation equipment is characterized in non-uniform hydrogen energy across the wafer; higher energy at the center, and lower energy near the edges. Fan et al. in Z. Fan, P. K. Chu, N. W. Cheung, C. Chan, Thickness uniformity of silicon-on-insulator fabricated by plasma immersion ion implantation and ion cut, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 27, 1999, pages 633–636 given an experimental evidence of thickness non-uniformity of the plasma immersion implantation version of the Smart-Cut; the thickness non-uniformity is a serious quality problem in the final SOI wafer. As it is explained above, the Smart-Cut can be characterized as a trap-controlled process. An availability of properly located traps determines the Smart-Cut efficacy. Without the traps, hydrogen does not retain in silicon, it outdiffuses. In previous art, attempts where made to improve the Smart-Cut throughput by pre-forming a trap layer for hydrogen and further hydrogen injection. Agarwal et al. described helium-than-hydrogen implantation; Goesele at al., Bower, and Nastasi et al. described boron-than-hydrogen implantation; Usenko described trap-creating implantation followed by hydrogenation by either electrolytic or plasma means. These Smart-Cut improvements either partially resolve the thickness and cost related Smart-Cut issues, or create quality issues. Agarwal et al (A. Agarwal, T. E. Haynes, V. C. Venezia, O. W. Holland, and D. J. Eaglesham, “Efficient production of silicon-on-insulator films by co-implantation of He+ with H+”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 72 (1998), pp. 1086–1088) describe dual implantation to achieve layer transfer at lower total implantation dose. They report they got the layer transfer at a combined dose of their sequential helium-then-hydrogen implants that is about 2 times lower then minimum dose required in the Smart-Cut (7.5×1015+1×1016 cm−2 against 4×1016 cm −2). Due to Agarwal, helium and hydrogen implantation depths should be the same. Even though, they do not attribute the lower total dose needed to the trapping phenomena, this is a possible explanation in the lowering of minimum required dose they observe. Agarwal's approach, however, does not solve the thickness problems of the Smart-Cut. Goesele et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,150,239 described boron-than-hydrogen implantation to achieve a cleavage at lower total implantation dose. They also report about 2-fold drop in minimum implantation dose required to enable the layer transfer. However, Goesele suggests implantation in conditions when boron implantation peak coincide with hydrogen implantation peak. That restrict hydrogen implantation conditions in peakless, i.e., low energy mode. Subsequently, the thickness limitation is the same as in the Smart-Cut, and thin transfers are not enabled by Goesele. Also, Goesele does not describe that the post-boron hydrogen implantation can be performed in high beam current mode. Therefore the throughput problem is not solved by Goesele either. Bower in U.S. Pat. No. 6,812,547 describes layer transfer where he implants boron, then anneal the wafer, then implant hydrogen to form a fragile layer for further cleavage at a plane where boron acceptor centers are located. Due to Bower's teaching, the boron and hydrogen energies are not required to be chosen by condition that they have the same projection range. Hydrogen can be implanted anywhere in the wafer, and then hydrogen diffuses until it finds boron acceptor centers, and then hydrogen gets trapped at these centers. Therefore, potentially the Bower's technique might be free from limitation on thickness of layer transfers that is inherent to the Smart-Cut, to Agarwal's, and to Goesele's processes, and it might enable ultrathin layer transfers. Even though Bower describes 330-nm transfer only, let us analyze that possibility. We believe that Bower's process cannot enable the ultrathin transfers. The reasons are as follows. Bower teaches to introduce acceptor centers into silicon to enable the film delamination. Due to Bower's teaching, annealing of the boron-implanted wafer result in complete removal of implantation damages and in electrical activation of boron. The activated boron creates acceptor centers in silicon that further work as traps for hydrogen. Hydrogen is implanted deeper into silicon and diffuse after the implantation until it reaches the boron traps. The acceptor impurity (boron) is introduced in an amount of 1015 cm−2 and activated by annealing at 950° C. due to Bower. An acceptor center concentration in semiconductor cannot exceed a solubility limit of given acceptor impurity in semiconductor at activation temperature. In Bower's case, boron solubility limit at 950° C. is 2×1020/cm3. Therefore, a layer of (1015 cm−2)/(2×1020/cm3)=50 nm in thickness will be doped to the boron solubility limit. This means, that a layer with a thickness of 50 nm will trap hydrogen, and it further means that the splitting plane is defined with 50-nm accuracy. The wafer will split anywhere inside of the 50 nm band. Then, at the best, the as-cleaved surface will have a roughness of 50 nm. This says that sub-100-nm layer transfers will be extremely non-uniform in thickness, and thus are not technically featurable for thin SOI production. Another reason, why Bower's teaching cannot be applied for manufacturing of thin SOI relates to unwanted altering of electrical properties of the transferred silicon layer. Silicon, doped with boron to 2×1020/cm3 has resistivity of 5×10−4 Ωcm. Chips cannot be manufactured in these heavy doped films for several reasons, for example, because carrier mobility drastically drops in heavy doped semiconductors, and also because a depleted zone will not extend through entire thickness of silicon film, so fully depleted devices cannot be manufactured. Nastasi et al. in J. K. Lee, T. Hochbauer, R. D. Averitt, and M. Nastasi, “Role of Boron for Defect Evolution in Hydrogen-Implanted Silicon”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 83, (2003), pp. 3042–3044 describe that at some combination of boron-then-hydrogen implantation conditions they observe that hydrogen follow either boron-caused damage peak, or boron peak, but they did not found conditions that allow very thin layer transfer. Usenko in U.S. Pat. No. 6,352,909 describes a process for fabricating SOI wafers using ultrathin transfer of silicon film from a donor wafer to a destination wafer. Usenko uses silicon-into-silicon or other electrically non-active implants to form a shallow trap layer for hydrogen in silicon, and further insertion of atomic hydrogen into the wafer either by electrolytic means or from hydrogen plasma. This process is free from limitations inherent to Smart-Cut cut process as relative to thickness and to implant-related cost, but it is more difficult to get high quality SOI wafers using the U.S. Pat. No. 6,352,909 process. The quality problems appear in both, electrolytic, and plasma methods of hydrogenation. If hydrogen plasma contains low-energy hydrogen (as it happen, for example, in RF plasma), the low-energy hydrogen preferentially interact with silicon surface, instead of entering into the silicon lattice and diffusing to a trap layer. The interaction with surface results in silicon etching. The etching preferentially proceeds on defected surface areas, therefore the etching is not area-uniform, and roughness of silicon wafer surface increases. The rough surface wafer is difficult to bond to a destination wafer. The roughness causes bonding voids between the wafers. The voids cause layer transfer faults, and a final SOI wafer has areas with missing superficial silicon. These wafers are rejected and are not useful anymore. In a case of electrolytic hydrogenation, the chemical solution used as an electrolyte also etches silicon surface. The etching is the strongest in areas where silicon crystalline microdefects intersect the wafer surface. Etching pits appear in these areas. Further, the pits translate into voids of transferred silicon film, and the SOI wafers with missing superficial silicon areas are rejected again. It will be beneficial to the art to have a process that combines high quality of final SOI wafers as in Smart-Cut process and ability of fabricating ultrathin SOI with high throughput as in processes that use trapping of hydrogen.
/* * Copyright (C) 2006-2013 Bitronix Software (http://www.bitronix.be) * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package bitronix.tm.resource.jdbc; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.sql.Connection; import java.util.Map; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; public class JdbcClassHelper { private final static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JdbcClassHelper.class); private final static int DETECTION_TIMEOUT = 5; // seconds private static final Map<Class<Connection>, Integer> connectionClassVersions = new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<Connection>, Integer>(); private static final Map<Class<? extends Connection>, Method> isValidMethods = new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<? extends Connection>, Method>(); public static int detectJdbcVersion(Connection connection) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Class<Connection> connectionClass = (Class<Connection>) connection.getClass(); Integer jdbcVersionDetected = connectionClassVersions.get(connectionClass); if (jdbcVersionDetected != null) return jdbcVersionDetected; try { Method isValidMethod = connectionClass.getMethod("isValid", new Class[]{Integer.TYPE}); isValidMethod.invoke(connection, new Object[] {new Integer(DETECTION_TIMEOUT)}); // test invoke jdbcVersionDetected = 4; isValidMethods.put(connectionClass, isValidMethod); } catch (Exception ex) { jdbcVersionDetected = 3; } catch (AbstractMethodError er) { // this happens if the driver implements JDBC 3 but runs on JDK 1.6+ (which embeds the JDBC 4 interfaces) jdbcVersionDetected = 3; } connectionClassVersions.put(connectionClass, jdbcVersionDetected); if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug("detected JDBC connection class '" + connectionClass + "' is version " + jdbcVersionDetected + " type"); } return jdbcVersionDetected; } public static Method getIsValidMethod(Connection connection) { detectJdbcVersion(connection); return isValidMethods.get(connection.getClass()); } }
Association of some specific nutrient deficiencies with periodontal disease in elderly people: A systematic literature review. Deficiency of vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium has been associated with periodontal disease. This article systematically reviews the currently available literature on the feasible association of vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium deficiencies with periodontal disease in elderly people. We performed a systematic review of relevant English- and Dutch-language medical literature published from January 1990 to May 2007, with critical appraisal of those studies evaluating the association of vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium deficiencies with periodontal disease in elderly people. None of the studies meeting the selection criteria included institutionalized elderly people. In the studies on non-institutionalized elderly people, no significant or consistent association was found between vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium dietary intakes and serum levels and periodontal disease. Although in those studies decreased dietary vitamin C intake was found to be associated with increased risk of periodontal disease, no conclusive evidence could be demonstrated. There is no evidence of an association of vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium deficiencies with periodontal disease in non-institutionalized elderly people. To produce conclusive evidence on the subject of this systematic literature review, longitudinal cohort studies and follow-up randomized controlled trials are needed.
Tracheal reconstruction with polytetrafluoroethylene graft in dogs. Use of prosthetic materials for long-segment tracheal reconstruction has been limited owing to infection, graft migration, ingrowth of fibrous tissue, and stenosis. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is flexible and porous, and it may resist infection more than previously used materials. We evaluated PTFE for use in long-segment tracheal reconstruction. A 5-cm segment of trachea was resected in 9 dogs and replaced with a 20-mm reinforced PTFE graft using 4-0 Vicryl sutures. In 2 control dogs, one tracheal arch was resected and a primary anastomosis was performed. The animals were followed up with weekly bronchoscopy and endoscopic photography. Euthanasia was performed at 16 weeks or when signs of respiratory distress developed. At postmorten examination, the anastomoses were examined grossly and with light and scanning electron microscopy. In all 9 dogs that underwent tracheal replacement with PTFE, granulation tissue developed at the anastomoses resulting in airway obstruction after 3 to 8 weeks. No epithelial growth occurred over the graft between the anastomoses. The control animals did well. We conclude that granulation tissue formation at the anastomosis and the lack of respiratory epithelial ingrowth across the graft makes PTFE unsuitable for long-segment tracheal reconstruction.
The Cleveland Cavaliers held a fiery team meeting in the practice facility locker room prior to Monday's practice, during which several players challenged the legitimacy of Kevin Love's illness that led him to leave Saturday's loss to Oklahoma City early and miss Sunday's practice, league sources told ESPN. Several players were pushing for the Cavaliers' management and coaching staff to hold Love accountable for leaving the arena before the end of Saturday's game, and then missing Sunday's practice, league sources told ESPN. The meeting was loud and intense, only calming down once Love spoke to those gathered in the room and explained himself, league sources said. The meeting included Cavaliers coach Ty Lue and general manager Koby Altman, league sources said. There was a sense that the team was largely accepting of Love's explanation, and that the airing out of issues could have a positive impact on what has become an increasingly fractured locker room. Within factions of the locker room, there has been blame for the Cavaliers' struggles directed at everyone from Love to Isaiah Thomas, to Lue and the front office, led by Altman, and owner Dan Gilbert, league sources said. Cleveland is in a spiral, dropping to 27-18 -- only one game ahead of the Miami Heat for third place in the Eastern Conference. Cleveland has lost six of its past eight games, and plays San Antonio on Tuesday night in Texas.
Re-Tail Re-Tail, known as R. Parker's in the Japanese version, is a retail store run by Reese, a pink Alpaca, and her husband Cyrus, a blue alpaca. You can sell things there, and you can buy things that your villagers have put on sale. You can also have furniture customized, and you can check the stalk market prices there. Selling Items to Reese Reese, the pink alpaca, offers the best selling prices in the game. You should always take your items to Reese to sell. High-Price Item Be sure to check the sign next to the front door of Re-Tail. Each day, it displays an item that Reese will pay double for. Sometimes the listed item is specific item (for example: sharks), or a certain type of item (for example: hats). Flea Market Spaces: Putting Items on Display Rather than sell items directly to Reese, you have the option to put an item on display for sale in the flea market spaces throughout the shop. You can set your own price. Then, if a villager comes into Re-Tail while you are there, the villager might notice one of the items on display and walk up to it. When this happens, you can talk to the villager, to convince him or her to buy the item. When you put an item on display, Reese will ask what price to set, and there is a suggested Re-Tail price as the default. Generally, villagers are willing to pay a little over four times Reese's suggested price. So, for example, if the default price is 200, try selling it for 800 or a little more. Your yellow feng shui probably influences how high a price your villagers are willing to pay for your flea market items. If the price is too high, the villager will refuse to buy the item when you ask them to. Refurbishing Items Cyrus, the blue alpaca, wakes up after you have played for seven days, sold 100,000 bells worth of items to Reese, and have 100 pieces of furniture and 50 clothing items in your catalog. (Items are added to your catalog as soon as you put them into your inventory, even if the Nooklings' shop doesn't have a catalog machine yet.) Checking the Stalk Market On Sunday mornings, a brown boar named Joan will sell turnips in your town. During the week, Reese offers changing prices for your turnips. You can talk to Reese to find out her current selling price for turnips. If you check the prices each day, you might be able to predict when the prices will spike and you can make a big profit. Find out more in the stalk market guide.
Q: cellForItemAt function not getting called at UICollectionViewController in Swift 4 It seems pretty basic but I can't make it work in Swift 4. So I have the following implementation of UICollectionViewController class TestController: UICollectionViewController, UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout { override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() collectionView?.register(MyCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: "default") } override func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell { return collectionView.dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier: "default", for: indexPath) } override func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int { return 2 } func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, sizeForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> CGSize { return .init(width: view.frame.width, height: 100) } } Although ... numberOfItems ... method is being called, the one for ... cellForItemAt indexPath ... is not. What am I missing? This is the code for the cell class MyCell: UICollectionViewCell { override init(frame: CGRect) { super.init(frame: frame) backgroundColor = .green } required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) { fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented") } } Also, I'm not using storyboards so I'm instantiating this controller as follows in AppDelegate class: ... func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplicationLaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool { // Override point for customization after application launch. window = UIWindow() window?.makeKeyAndVisible() window?.rootViewController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: TestController(collectionViewLayout: .init())) return true } ... A: Instead of window?.rootViewController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: TestController(collectionViewLayout: .init())) in didFinishLaunchingWithOptions method use this window?.rootViewController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: TestController(collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewFlowLayout()))
Immune response to Blomia kulagini and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in Sweden and Brazil. The immune responses to the non-pyroglyphid mite Blomia kulagini and the pyroglyphid mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were compared in 440 Swedish farmers and 34 allergic subjects from Brazil using the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Both B. kulagini and D. pteronyssinus were shown to be a common cause of sensitization, particularly in Brazil. The highest RAST scores were found against D. pteronyssinus in sera from both countries. Allergenic cross-reactivity between the two mites was studied by the RAST inhibition technique. Both B. kulagini and D. pteronyssinus possess their own unique allergens as well as allergens in common. Thus, besides mites belonging to the Dermatophagoides genus, other pyroglyphid and non-pyroglyphid mites in different countries should be taken into consideration before starting hyposensitization treatments.
Clarkson’s punch. The Ferrari he couldn’t pay for. His ‘metrosexual’ floral shirts. And the VERY rude name he wanted to give his new car show. Buckle up for a rip-roaring ride with the floppy-haired posh one from Top Gear... ‘Top Gear has worked because of a combination of camaraderie and mutual dislike... Not being part of the BBC with Top Gear any more does pain me, because it’s an organisation I approve of,' said James May James May regrets the way Top Gear ended – but not for the reasons you might think. ‘Even then it wasn’t a proper bar brawl, so we still failed at being proper blokes,’ he says of the infamous punch that finished off the classic line-up of the world’s favourite car show. ‘It should have been a lot of bottles going through windows and some sword-fighting and stuff. That would have been great. But it wasn’t. It was just all a bit...’ I wait for the pay-off as May tries to make light of what happened. Top Gear presenters always speak like this, with lashings of irony, famously leaving a pause before delivering a dramatic final word. But this time the old powers fail him and he just smiles, weakly: ‘Yeah.’ May runs a hand through his long, grey, shaggy hair and looks embarrassed, struggling for words until he says: ‘Let’s not talk about that any more.’ Oh, but we must and we will. Hundreds of millions of fans around the world were shocked in March when the Clarkson-Hammond-May Top Gear came to a sudden end. There would be no more supercars, no more racing with fighter jets, no more Reliant Robins strapped to rockets. No more stars in reasonably priced cars, no more crazy road trips. Jeremy Clarkson had ruined it all by punching a producer at the end of a long, hard day’s filming in the wet and cold – and all because he wasn’t going to get a hot meal. ‘We get bad-tempered when we spend far too much time together,’ admits May, who has always played the team’s calm one to the growling, grizzly Clarkson and the hyperactive Richard Hammond. May reveals for the first time that he did actually get really worked up with Clarkson for ending the show in such a way – not least because he was left wondering how the hell he was going to pay for the Ferrari supercar he had just ordered for nearly a quarter of a million pounds. ‘I always said it was a privilege to end up on the television. It wasn’t my ambition, I fell into editing magazines and writing about cars and then I ended up on the telly,' said James He must have been livid. ‘Well, to be honest, yes. Exactly. “You daft t***, have you seen the size of the bill coming my way?”’ He had bought the bright-orange Ferrari on the basis of the lucrative deal the Top Gear team had been about to sign with the BBC. ‘Then it all fell apart, but by then I was sort of obliged to have it. The order books were closed but they had squeezed one more in for me, a 458 Speciale.’ This is the first time May has spoken frankly and freely about the end of Top Gear since it happened. We have met to discuss an entirely different programme called Building Cars Live, which is why we are sitting in a corner of a grey, grim conference room at the BMW factory at Cowley, Oxford, where they make Minis. But after a little prompting he starts spilling secrets – about the new show that he and his colleagues are making for Amazon Prime, as well as the dark days that followed Clarkson’s sacking. Forget calling it ‘Gear Knobs’ for a start, despite widespread reports that it’s been registered as a trademark. ‘I don’t think we can actually call it that,’ he says with a grin. ‘That’s not possible. It was actually my idea. I think it’s funny, but I don’t think it’s appropriate. We haven’t got a name for it yet. We honestly haven’t.’ I believe him. James May always comes across as sincere, whether he’s trying to make a motorcycle out of Meccano in his show Toy Stories or trashing a Trabant in Cars Of The People. His shoes and jeans are smart, his hair is cut a little shorter these days but his floral shirt is left untucked and he looks and sounds like a very clever but happily bemused schoolboy. The former Top Gear trio have had to put together an office and production team from scratch, now that they do not have the power of the BBC behind them. ‘We haven’t done very much.’ How much is he getting for this? Reports have suggested that Clarkson is on £10 million and the other two £7 million. ‘People keep saying, “James has been out and bought an orange Ferrari because of the £7 million he’s being given by Amazon.” That’s not happening. I haven’t been paid anything by Amazon yet and it isn’t that much.’ How much will he get then? ‘Hundreds of pounds a day. While I’m working, not all year, obviously.’ What does that mean? ‘I don’t know because I haven’t been paid yet. It depends how much we are going to spend on making the show. We are going to spend a lot.’ ‘A lot of people don’t like us, but there are a lot of people who do. We owe it to them to stick together and do it for a bit longer,' said James of his former Top Gear co-presenters Richard Hammond and Jeremy Clarkson Fans will be disappointed to hear they are going to have to wait a long time before they see anything. ‘We’ll probably be out there in the ether early autumn – next year.’ Is he not worried that people will have forgotten about him and his mates if they are beaten to the airwaves by Chris Evans and his new Top Gear team? ‘The audience forget very quickly, but they can be reminded again as well.’ He doesn’t sound worried. ‘The result is quite good. You get a reinvented Top Gear with Chris Evans, who will rethink it quite vigorously – maybe it could have done with a rethink anyway – and you also get us three, who an established number of people like.’ Some were glad to see the back of Top Gear, accusing Clarkson in particular of being a sexist and a racist. The audience was 40 per cent female, but the jokes about Albanians, Burmese, Mexicans and others were a bit hard to take at times. ‘A lot of people don’t like us, but there are a lot of people who do. We owe it to them to stick together and do it for a bit longer.’ Surprisingly, in March he really did feel that chance had gone. Top Gear as he knew and loved it ended on the day the director-general of the BBC, Tony Hall, said Jeremy Clarkson’s contract would not be renewed because he had ‘crossed a line’ with ‘a physical altercation accompanied by sustained and prolonged verbal abuse of an extreme nature’. May thought his television career was ending then, too. ‘I always said it was a privilege to end up on the television. It wasn’t my ambition, I fell into editing magazines and writing about cars and then I ended up on the telly.’ He joined the original, tame Top Gear back in 1999 but his career really took off when Clarkson and the executive producer Andy Wilman totally revamped it in 2002, putting the emphasis as much on humour and great stories as on the cars. As the world’s press camped outside his door in Hammersmith, London, May actually sat watching old episodes back to back: one from 2004 and the other from 2014, when Top Gear was a hilarious, action-packed, gas-guzzling, caravan-smashing, speed-worshipping world favourite with 350 million viewers a week. Perhaps it had peaked and they hadn’t realised, he thought. ‘I found it deeply depressing, because there were these three downy-faced boys on the early one who were just being very excited because they were allowed to drive a car. 'Then there were these three grizzled old b*** on the recent one. I thought, “Maybe we didn’t see this coming and we should have run away earlier.”’ That explains why he looked so depressed when a reporter knocked on his door in the aftermath of the sacking and asked whether he supported Clarkson. ‘In many ways no,’ he said. ‘I have said many times before, the man is a k.’ Now he says: ‘It’s fairly well known that we all hate each other to some extent. Top Gear has worked because of a combination of camaraderie and mutual dislike. That’s actually the magic.’ Then again, he also says: ‘Not being part of the BBC with Top Gear any more does pain me, because it’s an organisation I approve of.’ So wasn’t he tempted to ditch his punch-happy chum and stay? ‘If one or two of us had stayed you’d have ended up with two diluted things which wouldn’t have worked as well,’ he says. ‘It baffles us, but us three together has obviously become an important part of people’s lives. 'We do have to serve them while there’s an appetite for a bit more of us.’ May actually returns to our screens – and the BBC – this week with the first of two 90-minute episodes of Building Cars Live. Cameras will follow every moment in the production of a car, from the arrival of steel sheets to the moment it drives off the production line. It’s a bit like Springwatch for automobiles (and his co-presenter is Kate Humble, who is on all those nature shows of course). He’s choosy about his TV appearances though, and declined to go on Strictly Come Dancing. ‘I’ve got a bad back and it just wouldn’t be funny, it would be rather tragic.’ His greatest fear would be staying in the competition. ‘It’s quite a good deal if you get knocked out quickly, take the money, go on holiday and drink it off.’ May lives with the dance critic Sarah Frater, so does he like to strut his stuff? ‘I can’t dance, unless I’m really outrageously drunk. Then I quite like hardcore clubbing music and I get on the table and jump up and down. I love it, but I must look like a total a because I’m 52.’ He studied music at Lancaster University and is said to be a fine pianist. ‘I used to be – I haven’t done any practice. I’ve got a bad finger. I automatically get a dotted rhythm from this hand, so I’ll have to go into jazz.’ James returns to our screens – and the BBC – this week with the first of two 90-minute episodes of Building Cars Live (pictured with co-presenters Ant Anstead and Kate Humble) The point that May is trying so hard to resist is that there is more to him than the überbloke of Top Gear. ‘Am I a metrosexual? I still don’t know what that means.’ He certainly looks metrosexual in his floral shirt, I say. ‘The shirt is pretty gay really, I imagine. Does metrosexual mean I drink beer and fart but I have an appreciation of cushions? Is that it? I must be one then.’ Hang on, you’re not allowed to say your shirt is a bit gay any more, are you? ‘No. Because that doesn’t really mean anything. Anyway, when I was a kid – and I think this is probably still true for a lot of people – the word “gay” didn’t mean homosexual. It meant... not soft... do you remember Walter the Softy in The Beano? What was he? He was slightly away with the fairies.’ This is not helping. ‘He wasn’t gay in the sense that we mean it now, he was just soft. He was soft and sensitive and a bit delicate.’ Is that what he is trying to signify with his shirt? ‘Quite possibly. I don’t know. The shirt thing just started one day when I bought one with a really interesting pattern and people laughed at it, so I thought, “I’ll keep buying daft shirts with flowers on.”’ Those shirts now define his image. ‘I can’t shake it off. But just for the record, to let your readers know, when I’m at home I often put on a really shabby old dirty T-shirt and go in my garage and take a motorcycle to bits while listening to AC/DC and drinking beer. Just to reassure myself.’ Top Gear always seemed to pride itself on looking pretty butch, but was it really dangerous when they appeared to be playing about with live ammunition, blowing things up or driving at great speed around narrow mountain roads? ‘I have never thought, “S*, this is when I am going to die.”’ Not even in Argentina, where they were attacked for turning up with a Porsche whose number plate – H982 FKL – was taken to be a reference to Britain’s victory in the Falklands War? ‘No. I feared for the crew.’ As their hotel was besieged by angry Argentinians, the three presenters slipped out the back way and took a helicopter to safety, leaving the crew behind with the cars. ‘We thought that if we just quietly disappeared it would all calm down, but we were wrong. 'The target was the three cars. The crew drove out towards Chile but they got a lot of stick and stuff thrown at them,’ he says. ‘We didn’t mean to, but I’m afraid we did drop them in it slightly. I feel a bit bad about that. But I had broken three ribs, falling off a horse, so I wouldn’t have been much good in a fight.’ He doesn’t mind a virtual fight, though. Top Gear’s more rabid fans have been trolling Chris Evans, as they did Sue Perkins before him. ‘I hated that, yes, I found that very depressing. People are saying, “This new Top Gear is going to be all political correctness and health and safety and I won’t be watching it.” How do you know? 'It might be brilliant. It might be naked dancing girls and fireworks. You just don’t know. So for God’s sake, give it a go.’ That’s very generous. ‘I genuinely can’t wait, because I know Chris a bit and he’s mad obviously, but in a constructive and driven and dynamic way. You’ve got two new fresh car shows where there used to be one and they will be egging each other on a bit, so who loses? No one, as far as I can see.’ May is a born enthusiast about... well, most things. ‘I do fetishise cars. Not just cars, but objects. I like watches and air rifles and toy trains, but I also quite like nice cutlery, coffee-making machines. I like art. I just like stuff.’ And he grins, delighted that it didn’t all end with a punch. Put James May in front of some stuff he can play with and he’s happy, then. Put him on the telly and we all are.
Q: What (if anything) about tuberculosis makes producing a highly effective vaccine difficult? What about tuberculosis makes it difficult to produce a safe vaccine that is effective at producing an immunogenic response in >99% of individuals against all strains of the bacteria? I am aware of the BCG vaccine which has a variable efficacy depending on how it is measured and am aware of the 4 current vaccine candidates (MVA85A, rBCG30, 72F fusion protein, and ESAT6-Ag85b fusion protein). I am curious about the very specific question of aspects of the bacteria that make the TB vaccine difficult. Many, many thanks. A: Thats an interesting and complex question. First, Mycobacteria tuberculosis is present for a long time in the human population and evolved to evade our immune system. One of the keys are glycolipids and sugars which are part of the bacterial cell wall. These either help suppressing an immune response or help the bacteria to enter host cells in which they can stay without being identified by the immune system. See references 1-3 for details on this topic. Then most tuberculosis infections are hold of by the immune system, mostly they come up, when the carriers immune system is compromised. M. tuberculosis can successfully hide inside macrophages and multiply there and start an infection from this hiding place. See references 4 and 5 for more details here. One of the main problems with the development of new vaccines is that this takes quite a long time from successful experiments in the lab to the availability of a usable vaccine. Tuberculosis has been neglected here for decades. Then the market for such a vaccine wasn't deemed lucrative enough from the pharma companies, as this is mostly important for poor and developing countries. For use there, the vaccine needs to be cheap and easy to administer. Additionally humans are the main host for M.tuberculosis which makes chossing appropriate animal models for research and testing not an easy task. The development of novel vaccine candidates follow different routes. First, there are live vaccinations, which mainly consist of modified strains of the BCG vaccine strain. Then there are vaccines in the development which are supposed to support the immune answer by BCG and finally, there are vaccines which are independent of BCG and are mostly composed from proteins of the outer bacterial cell wall. For an overview about this field, I can recommend the review articles 6 and 7, if you want to go deeper in the field, also the references 8-10. References Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Glycolipids Directly Inhibit CD4+ T-Cell Activation by Interfering with Proximal T-Cell-Receptor Signaling Divergent Effects of Mycobacterial Cell Wall Glycolipids on Maturation and Function of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host cells: are mycobacterial sugars the key? Annulling a dangerous liaison: vaccination strategies against AIDS and tuberculosis Macrophages Play a Dual Role during Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Mice Vaccines against Tuberculosis: Where Are We and Where Do We Need to Go? Vaccine against tuberculosis: what’s new Tuberculosis vaccines: past, present and future. Childhood tuberculosis: old and new vaccines. Exploiting the mycobacterial cell wall to design improved vaccines against tuberculosis
15, -4h = -4w - 40. Which is the biggest value? (a) h (b) 3 (c) -0.04 (d) 200 d Let o = -0.8 + -7.2. Let f = 2439.5 + -2437.5. Which is the second smallest value? (a) f (b) -0.2 (c) o (d) 0 b Let o(a) = 5a + 100. Let x be o(-22). Let s be (1/6)/(x/150). What is the biggest value in s, 2/11, 13/2? 13/2 Let g = -11923 - -11914. Which is the third biggest value? (a) -5 (b) g (c) 1 (d) 3/7 (e) 2/15 e Let t = -5067 + 5068.1. Which is the fourth biggest value? (a) 14 (b) t (c) 3 (d) -2 d Let d = -9200 - -9204. What is the fifth biggest value in d, -4, -1/3, -5, 145/4? -5 Let l be 3(-4)/(-12)11. Let i = -62 + 57. Let g = -13/5 + 3. Which is the third biggest value? (a) g (b) l (c) 0 (d) i c Let w = -397.3 - -397.32. Which is the second biggest value? (a) 3 (b) w (c) 5.8 a Let t be (-2 + 3)/((-92)/(-8) - 2). What is the biggest value in -3/8, 4/7, t? 4/7 Let h = 5545.3 + -5545. What is the fourth biggest value in 4, 2/101, h, -1/2? -1/2 Suppose 89q - 24q = -109q - 1566. What is the smallest value in 5, q, -26? -26 Let g = 88.42 - 88.62. Which is the fourth smallest value? (a) 79 (b) 0.3 (c) g (d) -4 a Let l(g) = -g2 - 5g + 44. Let o be l(13). Let s = o + 190. Which is the fourth smallest value? (a) 1 (b) -1 (c) s (d) 3/4 a Let j = 4 + -3.7. Let n = 9.898 + -10.198. Let w = -16349/23 + 711. Which is the second smallest value? (a) j (b) w (c) n b Let x be ((-1)/2)/((-10)/(-12)). Let i be (-1(-133)/161)/(52/94). Let k = 2/299 + i. Which is the second smallest value? (a) x (b) 8 (c) k c Let o = -2.1252 + -1.8748. Which is the second smallest value? (a) o (b) -0.02 (c) 13 b Let a = 0.2945 - 3.2945. What is the third biggest value in a, -4, 3, 6? a Let r = -0.098 - -2304.098. What is the second smallest value in r, -0.5, -1/4? -1/4 Suppose 39w + 20w - 62009 = 0. Which is the biggest value? (a) 1 (b) -1 (c) w (d) -2 c Let w = -23/55 - -1/55. Let s = 89775 - 89779. What is the smallest value in s, w, -4/3, -1? s Let t = 565.6 + -562.6. What is the third smallest value in t, -993, -1/7, -0.4? -1/7 Let o = -109.5698 + 0.0698. Let p = 110 + o. What is the third biggest value in p, 1, 0, 20? p Let w = 603 + -607.78. Which is the second smallest value? (a) 2 (b) -3 (c) -4 (d) w c Let g = -1864 - -1866. Suppose -8 = -2c - 4. Let k be (4 - 2)/(8c). What is the fourth smallest value in g, k, 3, -0.2? 3 Let r = 2.15 + 32.85. Let h = 34.85 - r. Which is the smallest value? (a) h (b) 4/7 (c) 4 a Let h = -990377/13 + 76145. Let n = 38 + h. Which is the smallest value? (a) 13 (b) n (c) 2/7 b Let c = -9/115 + -6289/460. Suppose 3y = 2p - 0p - 34, -40 = 4y - 4p. Let d = c - y. What is the third smallest value in -1/3, d, -1? d Let i be 803/(-2152) + -22 + 22. Let h = i + -1/538. Which is the third biggest value? (a) -0.2 (b) h (c) -8 c Let f = 5314 + -5314.3. Which is the second biggest value? (a) 0 (b) -3/4 (c) f (d) 3 (e) 2 e Let t = -2146/9333 - -8/1037. Let q be 10/(-6)(1 - -2). Which is the fourth biggest value? (a) q (b) -2 (c) 4 (d) t a Let p be (21/60)/(((-513)/76)/(-27)). Which is the third biggest value? (a) 4 (b) -2.3 (c) p b Let n = -5.2 - -6. Let w be (2/(-550))/((-140)/198503). Let y = w - 2/385. What is the third smallest value in -2, y, n, 0? y Let l = 2281 + -4551. Let g = 2267.961 + l. Let i = -0.039 - g. Which is the smallest value? (a) i (b) 0.37 (c) 0.2 c Let h = 122 + -852/7. Suppose -3s - 13 = 13z - 18z, 3z = -4s + 31. What is the third smallest value in z, -5/6, h, 1? 1 Let u = 0.3 + 2.7. Let z = 4.239 + -0.239. What is the smallest value in u, z, 0, -2? -2 Let j = 3052 + -3051.8. Which is the biggest value? (a) -2 (b) -85 (c) -0.3 (d) j d Suppose 100 = 76o + 100. Which is the second smallest value? (a) -11 (b) o (c) -3 (d) 1 c Let i = 332 - 309.7. Let d = -22.5 + i. Which is the third biggest value? (a) -1 (b) 0.03 (c) d a Let i = -1589.7 - -1772. Let b = i + -182. What is the third smallest value in 3, 2.6, -0.2, b? 2.6 Let x = -0.209 - 0.447. Let m = -0.156 - x. Which is the third smallest value? (a) 6 (b) m (c) -3/5 a Let h be (-3)/(-8)((-160)/(-48))/(-5). Which is the second smallest value? (a) 120/17 (b) h (c) 1 c Let l = 0.35511 - 0.35511. Let m = 29/98 + -12003/490. Let f = 24 + m. What is the smallest value in f, 3, -3, l? -3 Let h = 6 + -4. Let t = 1/3199 - -39301/3199. Let y = 221/14 - t. What is the third smallest value in -4/7, y, h? y Let a = 44731/13 - 3441. What is the fourth smallest value in 5, a, -2, 76? 76 Let h = 3488 - 3491. Which is the fourth smallest value? (a) 4 (b) h (c) -0.01 (d) -48 (e) -1 c Let z = -15 + 146. Let o = z + -130.9. Let p = 4 + -2. Which is the second smallest value? (a) -0.3 (b) o (c) p (d) -3 a Let j be -23/4(-240)/(-29880). What is the biggest value in -7, 1, j? 1 Let i = 567 - -495. Let p = 1062.5 - i. Let h = -0.1 + 0.07. Which is the smallest value? (a) h (b) -5 (c) p b Let o = 5245 - 5244.34. Which is the biggest value? (a) -2 (b) o (c) 0.5 (d) -1/5 b Let u = -83 + 84. Let m = -0.693 - -0.073. Which is the smallest value? (a) m (b) 0.5 (c) u a Let x = -258 + 143. Let o = x - -120. Suppose 22 = 4b + 10. What is the third biggest value in o, 1, b? 1 Let o = 99 + -292. Let i = 192.9 + o. What is the second biggest value in -0.2, i, -0.09? i Let d = 9195 + -9195.4. What is the second smallest value in -5, -4/9, d, 0.5? -4/9 Let r be ((-6)/21 - 8/21)/(14948/(-1212)). Which is the biggest value? (a) -6 (b) r (c) -2 b Let f be (-2)/5 - (-108)/12159. What is the third biggest value in -4, -186, 0, f? -4 Let m = -1.9308 - 0.0692. Which is the fourth smallest value? (a) 6/7 (b) m (c) -4 (d) -20/31 a Let k be (-1 + 2)2416/16. Let f = 150 - k. Which is the third smallest value? (a) f (b) -0.4 (c) 1 c Let h = 0.03 - -3.97. Let x = 1090.49 + -23.49. Let k = x + -1072. Which is the smallest value? (a) k (b) 0.3 (c) h (d) -1 a Let l = -4.965 - 0.035. Let y(p) = -5 + p + 0p + p + 12. Let b be y(-5). What is the smallest value in b, 1/4, l? l Let r = -642 - -635. Let l be (-6 - 780/(-55)) + -8. What is the fourth biggest value in r, -0.4, 4, l? r Let g = -720 + 697. Which is the second smallest value? (a) -6 (b) -5 (c) g (d) -3/7 a Let o = -0.78 + -2.22. Let t = 0.111 + 11.489. Let m = 12 - t. What is the third smallest value in 2, o, m, 3? 2 Let j = 5 - 1. Let f be (7/(70/(-12)))/(10/50) + 1. Let z = -1834/9 - -204. Which is the biggest value? (a) -4 (b) f (c) j (d) z c Let v = 183/358 + -2/179. Which is the biggest value? (a) v (b) 51 (c) -14 b Let j = -1.67 + 1.37. Let o = 1.1 - 1.8. Let g = -79 + 77. What is the third smallest value in j, g, o? j Let u(g) = -g3 + 8g*2 - 3g + 9. Let p be u(7). Suppose 9 = 40f - pf. Suppose fw - 35 = 10w. What is the biggest value in 2, 0, w, -2? 2 Let n = -1280 + 1279.988. Which is the third smallest value? (a) n (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) -0.5 c Let c = 11.01615 - 0.01615. What is the smallest value in 0.22, 3, c? 0.22 Let n = -48.4 + 48. Let s = -0.32 + n. Let u = 1.12 + s. Which is the second smallest value? (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) u (d) -4 c Let x(y) = 150y - 292. Let g be x(3). Which is the third smallest value? (a) g (b) -0.3 (c) 6 a Suppose 5o - 60 = -4x + 3o, -22 = -x + 3o. Suppose q - 3q = 0. Suppose q = -4l - x. Which is the third smallest value? (a) 1/3 (b) l (c) -3 a Suppose 29 = 11u - 4. Let z be (-4 + 18/6)u. Which is the second biggest value? (a) -10 (b) -0.4 (c) -1/4 (d) z b Let q = 164 - 163.921. Let u = q - -4.921. Let y be 5/(-4) - ((-8)/(-16) + -2). Which is the second smallest value? (a) y (b) u (c) -0.5 (d) 0 d Let f = 205.7 + -200.7. Which is the biggest value? (a) -2/9 (b) f (c) 0.5 (d) -20 (e) -2 b Let k be (-1 - -2) + 6 + -2. Let i be 4/18 - (-6)/(-27). Suppose -kg + ig = 35. Which is the second biggest value? (a) -2 (b) g (c) -2/5 (d) 0.3 c Let c = -1032.2 - -1032.4. What is the smallest value in 0.03, -0.18, c? -0.18 Let p = 0.1 + -0.5. Let u = 0.333 + -4.273. Let h = u - 1.06. Which is the biggest value? (a) h (b) -3 (c) -14 (d) p d Let p = -0.32 - 4.78. Let g = -1.1 - p. Let a be 10/1448/120. What is the biggest value in 1/5, a, g? g Let y = 53
Sports involving spherical game balls, such as basketball, soccer, and volleyball, are enjoyed by millions of spectators and players around the world. An important characteristic of these game balls is how visible the ball is to a spectator or a player. The games are played in a wide variety of lighting conditions. For example, games are played outdoors, indoors, under artificial light, under natural light, in bright sunlight, and at twilight. Ball visibility is affected by the color or colors used on the ball, yet in most game balls the color(s) is chosen based on aesthetics or tradition. Some attempts have been made to produce high-visibility balls using bright, fluorescent colors. Another approach has been to provide a light source within the ball, for example, an LED. Yet another approach uses phosphorescent pigments which absorb and then re-emit light. However, these approaches are relatively expensive. Thus, a heretofore unaddressed need exists in the industry to address the aforementioned deficiencies and inadequacies.
Tim Tebow is no stranger to beating the odds. The southpaw slinger thrilled Florida Gators fans for four glorious seasons, arguably finishing his career as the greatest college football player of all-time. Tebow went on to find success in the NFL, winning games at an impressive clip despite the naysayers picking apart his mechanics and his Christianity at every turn. In perhaps his most impressive athletic feat, Tebow went on to play in the New York Mets Minor League system. After not playing baseball since high school, Tebow became an Eastern League All-Star. For the non-haters who actually know how hard it is to hit a baseball, it is not lost on them just how impressive it is to succeed at the grandest game of failure after not picking up a bat for decades. There is still a real chance that Tebow will one day reach the big club in Queens. But for all this man has done on the gridiron and on the diamond, he is about to embark on a new challenge that may be more daunting than anything he’s ever encountered in the athletic arena. Tim Tebow is now the proud papa of, count ’em, THREE eight-week-old puppies. Tebow and his new bride Demi-Leigh Tebow made the big announcement this week about Tebow Pack. A three-pack of adorable puppies the couple recently added to the family. Paris is the little girl. She’s an adorable Dalmatian with eyes cooler than Max Scherzer’s. Clearly, she’s already a princess. Then there are her brothers. Chunk, the cutest Bernese Mountain Dog, who already has a big personality, and Kobe, a perfect-looking Golden Retriever. Three little puppies, all eight weeks old, quarantined with newlyweds. The big three already have their own Instagram page and clearly the Tebows are in love with their new additions. With baseball on hold, Tebow will learn quickly that hitting Major League pitching has a lot in common with raising three baby dogs. Both can be challenging and both can keep you up nights, but if you can master either, the rewards are abundant. Tebow is clearly a dog lover. He would rave about his old pal Bronco, a pup he’d had since 2010. After Bronco’s passing last year, Tebow was heartbroken. He spoke of Bronco with love and fondness. Now, the former Gator has three little chompers to care for. Bronco would approve. Mets players love their dogs. Jeff McNeil and his wife adopted an Alaskan Malamute named Willow last year. She’s become a fixture around the ball club. Brandon Nimmo and his wife adopted a Yorkie named Jake ‘The Snake’ Nimmo in 2018. Like the Tebow Pack, Jake has his own Instagram page. When it comes to the Mets, it’s always a bark in the park. No word on if Golden Retriever Kobe is named after Kobe Bryant, but either way the little guy has a great name. As for Chunk, well, how can you go wrong with a Mountain Dog named Chunk? Tebow isn’t the only top athlete to have a dog named Chunk. Ronda Rousey and her husband have a Chunk of their own, a slobberknocker of a guy who is a bit of an Internet sensation of his own. So while we are told to social distance and stay home, athletes will be doing the same. For Tim Tebow however, he will not be alone. The Heisman winner and his Miss Universe wife have three little angels to keep them company, not just through their quarantine, but for many, many years to come. These are hard times for many Americans. We miss sports very much. Now more than ever, it’s a good time to rely on family and of course, all the dogs that make us smile no matter what is going on in the world. Let’s Go Mutts! Follow Kevin Scholla on Twitter @kevinscholla
Update in Mechanical Ventilation, Sedation, and Outcomes 2014. Novel approaches to the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome include strategies to enhance alveolar liquid clearance, promote epithelial cell growth and recovery after acute lung injury, and individualize ventilator care on the basis of physiological responses. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is growing rapidly, and centers providing ECMO must strive to meet stringent quality standards such as those set out by the ECMONet working group. Prognostic tools such as the RESP score can assist clinicians in predicting outcomes for patients with severe acute respiratory failure but do not predict whether ECMO will enhance survival. Evidence continues to grow that novel modes of mechanical ventilation such as neurally adjusted ventilatory assist are feasible and improve patient physiology and patient-ventilator interaction; data on clinical outcomes are limited but supportive. Critical illness causes long-term psychological and function sequelae: the risk of a new psychiatric diagnosis and severe physical impairment is significantly increased in the months after discharge from the intensive care unit. These long-term effects might be amenable to changes in sedation practice and increased early mobilization. Daily sedation discontinuation enhances the validity of routine delirium assessment. Many critically ill patients merit assessment by palliative care clinicians; the demand for palliative care services among critically ill patients is expected to grow. Future trials to test therapies for critical illness must ensure that study designs are adequately powered to detect benefit using realistic event rates. Integrating "big data" approaches into treatment decisions and trial designs offers a potential means of individualizing care to enhance outcomes for critically ill patients.
Bosh has trouble with the camera during the séance.
This online marketplace claims to sell unused gift cards in 37 minutes flat and adds they have sold more than 700 different brands this year alone. A seller looking to sell his Amazon gift card here needs to first list his card on the website. Even if yours does not happen to sell in the promised 37 minutes, the site does vouch for the fact that a majority of gift cards posted for sale to sell within a few hours of listing. You also get to choose from multiple secure payment options which include PayPal or direct credit to your bank account. Alternately you also have an opportunity to exchange it for a different value of similar value. This website lets you exchange amazon gift card to cash and also offers some great deals. To sell Amazon gift cards, you will need to first enter your gift card details online to get the price estimates for your card. Next, you get to choose the price you want to sell your card for from the options provided. The average Gift Cardio user sells their gift card for approx.94.3% of its value – which means if you a $100 gift card you could sell it for $94.3. On this website, the first thing you need to do is click on the Sell tab to find out what MGC will pay for your Amazon gift card. Next, if you are ok with the price offered, enter the current value of your card, the original balance and then click on the Sell button. If it’s a physical card, you will need to ship it to them at your own cost. Once received and verified you should get your cash within 3-5 business days vide check/PayPal/Dwolla. Some Other Ways to Sell Amazon Gift Cards I have found out some more ways to sell your Amazon gift card. 15. Try a CoinStar Kiosk You probably have seen these machines in sundry stores which turn your loose change into bills. Well, the machines have since been taken over by Cardpool – one of the leading players in the business of buying and selling gift cards. All you need to do is take your Amazon gift card to the nearest Cardpool kiosk and enter the card and ID information. You will then see an offer (upto 85% of the card value) for your gift card on display. If you accept the offer, you will need to enter the card into the slot provided and collect the cash; alternately you can just cancel the transaction and walk away. Like Craigslist, you could try this popular online platform to sell Amazon gift cards. Now a couple of things to remember before you go ahead with the listing. There may be listing (and selling fees) involved so decide on a price after taking both into consideration. And if the buyer happens to stay in some other city/state, there may be shipping charges involved as well – assuming of course that you have a physical gift card. So that needs to be considered as well. Letgo is one of the most significant apps to buy and sell tons of stuff locally. And it’s free too. It’s frequented by buyers (and sellers) who are usually from the same neighbourhood. So if you’re looking at selling your Amazon gift card with the minimum fuss – you need to download the app and list it here. Of course, the usual precautions apply here too – if the buyer is not known to you. 21. Exchange it for Cryptocurrency Did you know you can also exchange your unused Amazon gift card for cryptocurrency on Purse? It’s a website that exchanges only Amazon gift cards – for Bitcoin. On it you find buyers looking to purchase stuff from Amazon. Your job is to buy that stuff from them – using your gift card. In return, the person opens an escrow account and deposits the cash – so you get paid once the transaction is completed. Once done, the person receives his Amazon goodies while you understand his Bitcoin – cool isn’t it? 22. Check Back With Amazon Now, this might seem a little unconventional to some, but what the heck it’s worth a shot. Have you considered the possibility of selling the card back to Amazon? It’s possible they might be interested in repurchasing it from you, and all you need to do is – ask them. Worst case scenario, they might turn you down, so what? But if they do say – yes, there is a good chance that you may get the full monetary value back for your gift card. 23. Use It, Sell the Items for Profit Now since we are talking about unconventional ways here is another way you could try. It involves using the gift card to buy cool stuff from Amazon and then selling it online – for a tidy profit. The most significant advantage of using this method is that you don’t have to sell your gift card for a discount and you end up making a nice profit instead. Plus if you happen to be an Amazon Prime member, you stand to earn cash rewards too. 24. Gift it to your Friends & Family. Instead, you could consider gifting them the Amazon gift card – and save yourself both time, effort and money in the bargain. As the saying goes – Adollar saved is a dollar earned – and in this case, you will end up saving much more than a dollar, and nobody has to know. Smart, eh? Also Read: How to Make Money With Amazon Associates Program 25. Buy Stuff You Really Need Ok now here’s another cool idea and this is how it works. As you probably know already, Amazon sells thousands of products online across hundreds of different categories. This also includes many of the daily essentials that you need to buy anyway like soap, groceries, accessories, clothing etc. So you use your gift card to buy the stuff you need – for FREE and in return, you gift yourself the cash from your bank account – which you would have commonly used to pay for the stuff – to do as you please. This way your gift card is put to good use and you also get your hands on some surplus cash to spend (or save) – as you deem fit. With over 562,382,292 different products listed (as on Jan 10th, 2019), it comes as no surprise why Amazon continues to be among the top choices for online shopping. Having said you should face absolutely no problem in finding a buyer for your unused Amazon gift cards – either online or offline – using any of the simple ways suggested in this article. Good luck. Disclaimer SZBUZZ.COM provides general educational information on various topics on this website as a public service, which should not be construed as professional, financial, business, tax or legal advice. These are our personal opinions only. You should not rely solely on this information. Always consult a professional in the area for your particular needs and circumstances prior to making any professional, legal, business and financial or tax related decisions.
Whitefish Energy: Power company halts Puerto Rico work An energy firm is halting work restoring power in hurricane-ravaged Puerto Rico in a dispute over pay. Whitefish Energy says payments have been delayed from Puerto Rico’s bankrupt power authority. The power authority, known was Prepa, says it is reviewing invoices and has stopped payments after receiving a complaint from a subcontractor. Whitefish Energy has been at the centre of a contracting controversy that reached the Trump administration. Puerto Rico’s hard road to recovery after Hurricane Maria Whitefish energy grid deal to be scrapped The company said in a statement it had been “promptly” turning over payments to subcontractors but “outstanding invoices for work performed in October made it impossible to continue in this manner”. Speaking on the condition of anonymity a Whitefish official told the BBC that $83m (£67m) was owed by Prepa. In a statement, Prepa spokesman Carlos Monroig, said Whitefish had “paralysed” restoration efforts, and that the power authority was “in the process of reviewing and auditing invoices submitted by Whitefish”. Contracting row The power restoration deal struck with Whitefish quickly after the storms came under scrutiny last month after revelations in the media. Among other peculiarities, it was revealed that the two-year-old company had little experience with work on this scale and was headquartered in the tiny Montana hometown of US Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke. Mr Zinke denied any involvement in the deal and denied any wrongdoing, while the White House distanced itself from it. Prepa and the Puerto Rican government are saddled with massive debts. The power authority declared bankruptcy in July. The Caribbean island, home to more than three million US citizens, was struck by two massive hurricanes in September. Hurricane Maria, the second storm, all but wiped out the island’s power grid.
Q: How can i get childSID using parentSID into the twilio I am using a Twilio javascript SDK into my application . Twilio connection always return a parentSID , but in the childSID there is actual data is available , how can i get the childSID using a parentSID , is there any possible way to get a list of childSID ? Thanks in advance. A: Twilio developer evangelist here. You can use Twilio's REST API to return all the child calls of a parent SID. You just need to make a call to the Calls list resource and pass a parent call SID parameter. In Node.js that would look like this: var accountSid = "your_account_sid"; var authToken = "your_auth_token"; var client = require('twilio')(accountSid, authToken); client.calls.list({ parentCallSid: "the_parent_call_sid" }, function(err, data) { data.calls.forEach(function(call) { console.log(call.sid); }); }); Edit Here's the PHP version you'd need. You'll want to download the Twilio PHP helper library and then use this code: require_once '/path/to/vendor/autoload.php'; // Loads the library use Twilio\Rest\Client; // Your Account Sid and Auth Token from twilio.com/user/account $sid = "ACXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"; $token = "your_auth_token"; $client = new Client($sid, $token); $calls = $client->calls->read( array("ParentCallid" => "the_parent_call_sid") ); // Loop over the list of calls and echo a property for each one foreach ($calls as $call) { echo $call->sid; } Let me know if this helps at all.
In-Line Proximity Effects in Extended 7-Azanorbornanes. 2. A Major Reduction of N-Inversion Barriers in Symmetrically Flanked Systems. Through-space compression effects from a pair of flanking (sentinel) groups X are shown to cause a flattening of the bridging nitrogen in symmetrically fused 7-azanorbornanes which is evaluated by a substantial reduction of the nitrogen inversion barrier as measured by low-temperature (1)H NMR spectroscopy. This effect is attributed to destabilization of the ground state of the amine.
Staying celibate can be a difficult task, but bdelloid rotifers have managed to survive without sex for nearly 50 million years. Scientists now think they have cracked the secret to these microscopic animals’ success: recombining their own genes in new ways and stealing genes from other organisms living nearby, thus keeping genetic diversity alive and well—even without the DNA from a mate. “This animal has lost its sexuality,” said study co-author Olivier Jaillon of Genoscope, part of the Institut de Génomique du CEA in France. Jaillon said the results of the study gave him one of the very rare moments in a career when you feel you’ve really “found something.” Reproductive Mystery Bdelloid rotifers are microscopic, multicellular animals that look and move a lot like leeches (“bdelloid” is from the Greek for “leech”). They generally live in freshwater, moist soil, and other damp environments. And these unassuming animals have some pretty cool superpowers: They can withstand long periods of being dried out, as well as massive doses of radiation that would kill pretty much every other living thing. Despite these traits, bdelloid rotifers are mainly known in the research world for their 40-million-year-long dry spell in the sack. Although biologists long suspected that these microscopic animals never reproduced sexually—they generally reproduce via an asexual method known as parthenogenesis, in which the offspring is the clone of the parent—the assertion remained controversial for several reasons. One of the key purposes of sexual reproduction is to provide an ongoing source of genetic diversity and not let harmful mutations accumulate. Since these rotifers were such an evolutionary success, scientists found it difficult to believe the animals weren’t reproducing sexually. (Get a genetics overview.) This Female Insect Fakes Her Own Death to Avoid Sex READ: May 2, 2017 - For some animals, sex can be a risky activity, especially if the timing isn’t right. Copulation can be energy-intensive, and can cause injury to one of the partners. One species of dragonfly, called the moorland hawker, native to the Swiss Alps, has evolved an unusual strategy to mitigate possible danger. Females are especially vulnerable right after egg laying, so if they spy a male approaching when they’re leaving a newly deposited clutch, they sometimes play dead. The ploy often works, with the male passing the seeming carcass by, and the female flying away when the male has moved on.READ: Why Female Dragonflies Go to Extreme Lengths to Avoid Sex Although sexual reproduction is extremely beneficial, it’s not without costs: Time spent finding a mate is time not spent finding food or hiding from predators. There’s also no guarantee that the offspring will be as well adapted to the environment as the parents. Yet just because sexual reproduction in bdelloid rotifers had never been observed didn’t mean it never happened. Dr. Ruth of Rotifers To settle this issue, Jaillon, along with Jean-François Flot and Karine Van Doninck, at the University of Namur in Belgium, and colleagues focused their efforts on one particular species of bdelloid rotifer, Adineta vaga. This species is easy to raise in the lab, and previous work had indicated that it had one of the smallest genomes of any of the bdelloid rotifers, which would make it easier for the scientists to sequence. The sequencing results weren’t quite what the researchers had anticipated. “We were all surprised by the genome structure, as nothing like this had been observed before,” said Flot, whose study appeared this week in the journal Nature. The genome of A. vaga had an unusual array of characteristics that, together, made it basically impossible for the rotifer to reproduce sexually. (Also see “Wild Romance: Weird Animal Courtship and Mating Rituals.”) A. vaga has modifications that made its chromosomes—or DNA molecules—nonidentical, which is also unusual in the animal kingdom. This meant that A. vaga‘s sex cells couldn’t complete a key phase of meiosis—or cell division—known as crossing over, in which each chromosome lines up next to its partner and they swap portions of DNA. The genes present on each chromosome have been shuffled across the genome, which means the rotifers’ chromosomes aren’t alike enough to line up for the crossing over. In fact, Van Donink pointed out, the chromosomes of A. vaga had many of the same genetic characteristics of the human Y chromosome, which also does not undergo crossing over. This similarity helps confirm that this step does not happen and these bdelloid rotifers are not capable of sexual reproduction. Mission to Mars? Although A. vaga can’t use crossing over to get rid of harmful mutations, it does use a similar method to shuffle its genes. And, like all bdelloids, A. vaga is a notorious gene thief. Its genome sequence revealed that 8 percent of its genes had come from non-animals like prokaryotes and fungi. This, along with its ability to shuffle genes, will likely keep the rotifer alive and well for at least another 40 million years. “Because of these incredible survival abilities and the fact that, being asexual, a single individual can start a whole population, I wouldn’t be surprised if bdelloid rotifers were able to survive space travel and colonize other planets such as Mars,” Flot said.
Agile Development is Broken - asfafsaf http://www.typemock.com/blog/2011/10/17/agile-development-is-broken/?utm_source=hackernews&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=agile-development-is-broken ====== afdssfda I think saying that Agile development is broken because it is too developer- centric is BS. It is all about implementation. XP for example is meant to be customer-centric. The point of it is to complete working functionality for the customer, and the customer should drive the development and what features are needed. Scrum is similar in that the customer can define a bunch of requirements and prioritize them and the team works on those priorities. The problem with any development being about development and not about the customer's needs has to do with management. I've seen and heard of many mismanaged Agile teams, but none where the problem was Agile. Agile might have been the excuse for lack of organization and direction, but good management that focuses on the customer needs as well as the developers' needs is what is needed- that can be done with Agile (e.g. XP, Scrum), Kanban, and other methods focused on quick incremental delivery usually much more easily than other methodologies (e.g. Waterfall). With regard to: "As Igal pointed out in this summer’s webinar, what is a unit that is tested in a unit test? Business logic." Strictly speaking, yes, but generally if you describe what a unit test is doing to a user, assuming it is really a unit test, most of the time they would not agree that it is business logic. Business logic is usually considered a lot more high-level. Human-language-based customer readable test definitions can potentially be created in Cucumber and similar BDD frameworks. There are also products that use UI-based behavior driven test definitions. But, in my experience, even these haven't really defined solely the business logic; there is always some level of implementation detail that creeps in. But, you do what you can. From what I've seen and heard, sometimes having the developer or analyst work with the customer to define tests is a good idea, and other times it is a wash or is a time sink. Do whatever it takes is basically the rule of thumb- i.e. there are no hard and fast rules to these things. Good luck to the guy that ditches Agile because it is "broken".
config CARL9170 tristate "Linux Community AR9170 802.11n USB support" depends on USB && MAC80211 && EXPERIMENTAL select FW_LOADER select CRC32 help This is another driver for the Atheros "otus" 802.11n USB devices. This driver provides more features than the original, but it needs a special firmware (carl9170-1.fw) to do that. The firmware can be downloaded from our wiki here: <http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/carl9170> If you choose to build a module, it'll be called carl9170. config CARL9170_LEDS bool "SoftLED Support" depends on CARL9170 select MAC80211_LEDS select LEDS_CLASS select NEW_LEDS default y help This option is necessary, if you want your device' LEDs to blink Say Y, unless you need the LEDs for firmware debugging. config CARL9170_DEBUGFS bool "DebugFS Support" depends on CARL9170 && DEBUG_FS && MAC80211_DEBUGFS default n help Export several driver and device internals to user space. Say N. config CARL9170_WPC bool depends on CARL9170 && (INPUT = y \|\| INPUT = CARL9170) default y
Q: Reading DB credentials in Laravel from files outside laravel core Sorry if the question is trivial for someone but I wasn't be able to make it and to find answer so far. In Laravel we have DB credentials in app/config/database.php 'connections' => array( ... 'mysql' => array( 'driver' => 'mysql', 'host' => 'localhost', 'database' => 'myDB', 'username' => 'myUser', 'password' => 'myPass', 'charset' => 'utf8', 'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci', 'prefix' => '', ), ... ), Now I have 2 custom files one in public directory and one in libraries directory which also got db credentials in them $servername = "localhost"; $username = "myUser"; $password = "myPass"; $dbname = "myDB"; $conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname); Is there a way somehow to include app/config/database.php in those files and read DB credentials from instead of have DB credentials in 3 files? A: If test.php would live inside your public folder: // test.php $config = include __DIR__ . '/../app/config/database.php'; // var_dump($config); $servername = $config['connections']['mysql']['host']; $username = $config['connections']['mysql']['username']; $password = $config['connections']['mysql']['password']; $dbname = $config['connections']['mysql']['database']; $conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
Pavel Ryzhevski Pavel Ryzhevski (, born 3 March 1981) is a Belarusian footballer, who currently plays for BFC Daugavpils in the Virsliga. Ryzhevski previously played for Dinaburg FC. Through the 2008 season, Ryzhevski had made 125 appearances and scored 26 goals in the Latvian Higher League. In the 2012 season Ryzhevski scored 26 goals in 22 matches for Ilūkstes NSS, helping the team clinch a promotion to the Latvian Higher League. He was the top scorer of the Latvian First League and was also named the best player of the Latvian First League in 2012 by the Latvian Football Federation. Despite his effectiveness, Ryzhevski left the club after the season due to professional reasons. In April 2013 it was announced that Ryzhevski would continue playing in the Latvian First League, joining BFC Daugavpils. Honours Skonto Riga Latvian Higher League champion: 2002, 2003 Latvian Football Cup winner: 2002 Playing career * - played games and goals References Category:1981 births Category:Living people Category:Belarusian footballers Category:Belarusian expatriate footballers Category:Expatriate footballers in Latvia Category:Belarusian expatriate sportspeople in Latvia Category:Belarusian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan Category:Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan Category:Belarusian Premier League players Category:Latvian Higher League players Category:Kazakhstan Premier League players Category:FC Molodechno players Category:Skonto FC players Category:Dinaburg FC players Category:FC Tobol players Category:FC Dynamo Brest players Category:SK Blāzma players Category:BFC Daugavpils players Category:Ilūkstes NSS players Category:Association football forwards
Smoking indicators such as breath carbon monoxide (CO) and semiquantitative cotinine immunoassay test strips (urine and saliva NicAlert) are frequently relied on to determine smoking status, but few studies have evaluated the relative performance of these indicators alone and in combination. Additionally, there is still disagreement about the optimal breath CO cutoff to discriminate smokers from nonsmokers. Nontreatment seeking smokers (heavy and light) and nonsmokers (exposed and not exposed to passive smoking environments) completed smoking histories and provided breath CO, urine, and saliva specimens. Urine and saliva specimens were assayed for cotinine by NicAlert and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMSMS). An optimal breath CO cutoff was established using self-report and gold standard LCMSMS analysis of cotinine as reference measures. Performance of self-report, breath CO (at optimal cutoff), urine NicAlert, saliva NicAlert, and combinations of these indicators were compared to LCMSMS as the reference. Breath CO ≥5 ppm optimally discriminated smokers from nonsmokers. Saliva NicAlert performance was less effective than the other indicators, which performed similarly in predicting smoking status determined by LCMSMS. The optimal breath CO cutoff of ≥5 ppm is lower than the ≥8-10 ppm cutoff recommended by the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco in 2002. Recent public health initiatives to decrease passive smoke exposure may have lowered breath CO from environmental exposure, allowing a lower cutoff level to efficiently differentiate smokers from nonsmokers. A combination of self-report, breath CO (cutoff ≥5 ppm), and urine NicAlert testing can optimally determine smoking status.
Q: R shiny slider increments Trying to setup a slider bar range from 0.5 - 999.5 with increments of 1 such that the range of values that it can take on is 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 ... 999.5 . My problem is that when I use the the slider from the code below, I get values including whole integer 1, 2, 3, 4...etc I have tried changing the steps to 0.5 but then I get, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 ...etc. Any ideas? column(4, fileInput("pbs", label = ("PBS File input")), sliderInput("size", label = ("Size Range Selection"), min = 0.5, max = 999.5, value = c(0.5,999.5), step = 1, round = F ) A: So this is not the greatest, but it will work: In your ui: sliderInput("size", label = ("Size Range Selection"), min = 0, max = 999, value = c(0,999), step = 1, round = F, post=".5" ) This will show a slider that goes from 0 to 999, but it adds ".5" to the labels so it will look like 0.5 to 999.5. Then, in your server, you will have to add .5 to each of the values from the slider before using the numbers.
This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers, click the "Reprints" link at the top of any article. Consultants' Commentary: FX Moving from planning to action during the ongoing fire drill in Europe by Craig Jeffery, Strategic Treasurer. The continuing anxiety in Euro-land has kept many treasury groups busy with both planning for country and currency situations and taking precautionary actions. Some companies are moving cash selectively within euro-denominated countries and others are moving funds out of euros entirely to reduce their exposure. And more companies are managing counterparty risk more closely across a range of short-term asset classes and maintaining stricter diversification standards. As the Greek crisis has played out, multinational and European-centric firms have shifted their mind-sets and actions in two notable ways. First, the presumption that a euro breakup or a country’s leaving the euro was not very likely has been replaced by a growing conviction that ‘some countries’ leaving the euro is all but inevitable and the question is when, and whether it will be an orderly or disorderly exit. Second, companies tracking with increased concern what is happening in Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain (PIIGS) have gone from simply modeling basic scenarios to taking preventive steps. A number of these steps have been publicly communicated. There are several main trends with cash movements. First, many companies moved most of the cash they had in Greece to other countries some months ago. Second, significant cash stores held in the other PIIGS are regularly moved to other euro countries perceived as far more stable, such as Germany. Third, some companies are moving funds out of euro-based countries to non-euro European countries, such as the UK or Switzerland. Finally, we continue to see and hear of some companies moving their euro cash exposures into U.S. dollars even if these funds are held within Europe. Moody’s placing over 100 financial institutions on review for downgrade in mid-February formalized a long-running view of increased counterparty risk with many European financial institutions. Parking cash is an ongoing concern when there are monthly fire drills that seem to highlight individual counterparties, sovereign counterparties and even certain money-market funds. Transparency and visibility have been on treasurers’ minds acutely since 2008 and the requirement to further calibrate the level of risk has challenged many firms. The work of monitoring and calibrating these exposures is keeping treasurers very active. Companies are modeling an increasing number of possible scenarios and detailing what they would do in each situation. What is different is that over the past six to seven months, many of the initial steps of these plans have become operational, as in cash movement. The second step of their plans is being well-modeled and estimated (i.e., how would we generate and deploy cash in the right locations). These steps include borrowing arrangements as well as adjustments in working capital. Many companies are sitting on a far larger pile of liquidity than during the worst part of the financial crisis. And they are moving it rapidly, rather than simply parking it, as they carefully monitor and calibrate the various and volatile risks that confront their organizations. Craig Jeffery is managing partner of Strategic Treasurer, an Atlanta-based treasury consulting company formed in 2004. Copyright 2015 Bloomberg. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Treasury & Risk Treasury & Risk is an online publication and robust website designed to meet the information needs of finance, treasury, and risk management professionals. Our editorial content, delivered through multiple interactive channels, mixes strategic insights from thought leaders with in-depth analysis of best practices, original research projects, and case studies with corporate innovators.
Q: Techniques for teaching children from the start about how to read advertising? I took a class in high school that taught media literacy and it has been one of the few learning experiences in high that really stuck with me. I'd like my boy to learn from the beginning, when he's just starting to see advertising, how to read and understand how advertisers are trying to manipulate him. We already live in a household without much advertising (get TV from Netflix so there are no commercials, avoid websites with ads, etc) so it's jarring when we leave our house and are bombarded with billboards, buses wrapped with ads, and flying banners, and the ads on the TVs in airports. The obvious thing would be to talk about the ads when we see them and explain to him what they are trying to do. Are there are formal techniques for teaching media literacy to young children? Does a household without advertising make it better or worse for a child to understand what they are seeing? A: To answer your last question, I think that it does make it harder to teach about things that you actively exclude from your house. What is it that you want to teach your children? Do you want them to patently hate any and all forms of advertisement? Or do you want them to develop the ability to understand what they are and why they say what they say? We've looked at some of the ideas at PBS Kids which shows some interesting things about ads for kids. In our house (we watch netflix but do watch normal broadcast tv as well) we talk about what the ad is selling and if we think it is a good thing to buy or if "they are just trying to trick us". By doing this we have already given our 5 year old a bit of a skeptical attitude about seeing things being sold on tv and in catalogs.
--- abstract: 'The rheology of granular particles in an inclined plane geometry is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The flow–no-flow boundary is determined for piles of varying heights over a range of inclination angles $\theta$. Three angles determine the phase diagram: $\theta_{r}$, the angle of repose, is the angle at which a flowing system comes to rest; $\theta_{m}$, the maximum angle of stability, is the inclination required to induce flow in a static system; and $\theta_{max}$ is the maximum angle for which stable, steady state flow is observed. In the stable flow region $\theta_{r}<\theta<\theta_{max}$, three flow regimes can be distinguished that depend on how close $\theta$ is to $\theta_{r}$: i) $\theta>>\theta_{r}$: Bagnold rheology, characterized by a mean particle velocity $v_{x}$ in the direction of flow that scales as $v_{x}\propto h^{3/2}$, for a pile of height $h$, ii) $\theta\gtrsim\theta_{r}$: the slow flow regime, characterized by a linear velocity profile with depth, and iii) $\theta\approx\theta_{r}$: avalanche flow characterized by a slow underlying creep motion combined with occasional free surface events and large energy fluctuations. We also probe the physics of the initiation and cessation of flow. The results are compared to several recent experimental studies on chute flows and suggest that differences between measured velocity profiles in these experiments may simply be a consequence of how far the system is from jamming.' address: 'Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185' author: - 'Leonardo E. Silbert, James W. Landry, and Gary S. Grest' title: 'Granular flow down a rough inclined plane: transition between thin and thick piles' --- \[sec:introduction\]Introduction ================================ The flow properties of granular materials puzzle engineers and physicists alike. Despite numerous experimental studies of heap flows, avalanches, and chute flows, there still does not exist a general consensus on the nature of [typical]{} granular flow. Early systematic experiments in inclined plane geometries were concerned with flow rates of granular material down chutes [@savage1; @campbell1; @campbell2], usually with smooth bases. Large regions of plug flow were observed, i.e. the whole bulk of the material slid down the plane at a velocity determined by the input mass rate and inclination angle of the chute. Kinetic theories for the inclined plane problem can explain some aspects of this flow behaviour for nearly elastic particles on smooth chutes [@brennen1; @jackson1]. Other studies have determined structural features in the flow in two dimensional (2D) experiments [@drake1] and simulations [@poschel1; @zheng1]. Still, there has not been the same success in predicting flows down rough inclines for inelastic, frictional particles. Detailed measuring techniques have been developed recently to capture various flow properties of granular material down rough inclined planes [@pouliquen1; @azanza1; @ancey2] and in heap flow geometries [@durian1; @komatsu1; @khakhar2]. Accompanying these more thorough experiments, further theoretical treatments have also emerged [@azanza1; @ancey1; @mills4; @gollub2; @aranson1], together with full three dimensional (3D) computer simulations [@walton2; @walton3; @deniz2; @leo7]. Despite this growth in literature, there appears to be a disturbing feature of these studies: reports on quantities such as velocity profiles differ quite dramatically. While some reports are agreement with the pioneering results of Bagnold [@bagnold1; @bagnold3], others are not. In 1954, Bagnold [@bagnold1] proposed a momentum transfer picture to describe his experimental results on inertial granular flow. This simple 2D model describes the collisional process between particle layers during flow. The resulting relations predict a shear stress $\sigma$ that is proportional to the square of the strain-rate, $$\sigma \propto \dot{\gamma}^{2}, \label{chute3_eq1}$$ where the strain-rate is defined as the derivative of the velocity in the direction of flow ($x$) with respect to depth ($z$), $\dot{\gamma}\equiv \partial v_{x}(z)/\partial z$. Typically, in local, Newtonian, hydrodynamic treatments of granular dynamics [@gollub2], the relationship $\sigma=\eta\dot{\gamma}$ is used, combined with the kinetic term $\eta\propto T^{1/2}$, where $\eta$ is a viscosity and $T$ is the granular temperature (to be discussed in section \[depth\]). Since the strain-rate is also proportional to the square root of the granular temperature $\dot{\gamma}\propto T^{1/2}$, Eq. \[chute3\_eq1\] is then recovered. Bagnold’s argument, applied to the case of bulk granular flow, is predicated on a constant density depth-profile with no-slip condition at the base. This leads to a velocity depth-profile of the form, $$v_{x}(z)\propto \left[h^{3/2}-\left(h-z\right)^{3/2}\right], \label{chute3_eq2}$$ for a pile of total height $h$, where $z$ is measured from the bottom of the pile. Because Bagnold scaling comes naturally from dimensional analysis in the absence of intrinsic time scales, one might expect that most studies would observe this kind of rheology. However, results depend strongly on the experimental procedure; profiles of this form have only been reported in a few instances [@pouliquen1]. One method to study gravity-driven flows is to construct a wedge-shaped static pile that evolves to produce an inclined surface close to the angle of repose of the material [@durian1; @komatsu1; @khakhar2], Fig. \[chute3\_fig1\](a). We term these [heap flows]{}. Here, the inclination of the surface is determined by material properties. To study flow, material is supplied via a hopper-feeder mechanism at the high end of the pile and flow is induced at the free surface. In this case, although the flow rate may be varied by changing the discharge rate of the hopper, the system typically flows only in a thin surface layer, indicated by the shaded region in Fig. \[chute3\_fig1\](a), which is of order 10 particles diameters in depth. In one such experiment, Lemieux and Durian [@durian1] observed avalanche behavior for low particle flux, characterized by sporadic downstream movement at the free surface. On increasing the particle flux, a velocity profile with depth was observed to be approximately exponential in the thin surface layer. More recently, utilizing a similar experimental geometry, Komatsu et al. [@komatsu1] found that the ‘stationary’ bulk material beneath the surface flow actually undergoes very slow, ‘creeping’ motion with a well-defined exponential velocity profile at longer times. ![Schematics of experiments used to study gravity-driven, granular flows. The (a) heap flow geometry used by Lemieux and Durian [@durian1] and Komatsu et al. [@komatsu1], and (b) the inclined plane geometry employed by Pouliquen for chute flow studies [@pouliquen1]. Our simulations correspond closely to the Pouliquen experiments.[]{data-label="chute3_fig1"}](heap5.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"} ![Schematics of experiments used to study gravity-driven, granular flows. The (a) heap flow geometry used by Lemieux and Durian [@durian1] and Komatsu et al. [@komatsu1], and (b) the inclined plane geometry employed by Pouliquen for chute flow studies [@pouliquen1]. Our simulations correspond closely to the Pouliquen experiments.[]{data-label="chute3_fig1"}](incline3.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"} Another method uses inclined planes to study flows and avalanches, typically with rough beds designed to reduce slip at the base, thereby avoiding plug or unstable flow [@walton2; @louge1; @leo8]. We term these [chute flows]{}. Roughness is introduced onto the chute by gluing particles to the chute base [@pouliquen1; @ancey2; @aguirre1], or by attaching a frictional material to the base, such as the velvet cloth used by Daerr and Douady [@daerr1]. Chute flow studies of two and three dimensional systems with rough bases report depth-averaged velocities with both linear [@azanza1; @ancey2] and non-linear dependence [@pouliquen1; @ancey2] on height. The geometry for these experiments is shown in Fig. \[chute3\_fig1\](b). The material is contained in a reservoir at one end of a plane inclined at a variable angle $\theta$ with respect to the horizontal. After the gate to the reservoir is opened, material flows down the incline. Steady flow occurs only at high enough angle; while flows come to rest quickly on the rough bed for small inclination angles [@pouliquen2]. Increasing the gate opening leads to thicker flows down the incline: there are no dead zones along the incline and all the material flows down the chute. This allows one to independently control the inclination angle and material flux of the pile, in contrast to the heap experiments. Using a range of inclination angles and flow depths, Pouliquen [@pouliquen1] measured the depth-averaged flow velocity of material for piles of different thickness. The velocity in the direction of flow scaled with height of the pile as $v_{x}\propto h^{3/2}$, which has a different form from the heap flow results reported by Lemieux and Durian [@durian1] and Azanza et al. [@azanza1]. However, Ancey’s comprehensive experimental investigation [@ancey2] demonstrated that during the course of one experiment, a range of flow behaviors is obtained that depends, among other parameters, on the flow rate of the material. Ancey’s results suggest that the different flow profiles observed are not necessarily in contradiction, but may be a consequence of the conditions under which the measurements are made. In our earlier studies [@deniz2; @leo7], we simulated the rheology of dense, cohesionless, frictional spheres in inclined plane geometries. Employing periodic boundary conditions in the flow and vorticity directions, our simulations can be considered equivalent to the experimental set up in Fig. \[chute3\_fig1\](b), for an infinitely long chute far away from the material reservoir and side walls, with a continuous supply of material. Our previous study was concerned with the flow of thick piles on rough bases over a range of tilt angles where we found Bagnold scaling in stable steady flow, for a range of parameters (e.g. particle friction and inelasticity, and inclination angles). To investigate the discrepancies between the various experimental results previously mentioned, we have extended our previous computational studies of granular chute flows to cover a wide range of pile thickness, from very thin to very thick piles, both near and far from the angle of repose $\theta_{r}$. We show here that even thick piles experience a crossover in behavior from Bagnold rheology to linear velocity profiles, and also avalanche-like flow near the angle of repose. We therefore refine our definition of stable, steady state flow: we report on three distinct steady state flows observed in our simulations which match the experimentally observed flows reported by Lemieux and Durian [@durian1] (avalanches), Ancey [@ancey2] (linear velocity profiles), and Pouliquen [@pouliquen1] (Bagnold scaling). Our main conclusion is that the observed behavior is strongly dependent on how close the system is to jamming or how close $\theta$ is to $\theta_{r}$. In the next section we briefly describe the simulation procedure. In section \[chute3\_results\] we present the results of our simulations, in particular defining the phase space of our study and describing transitions between the flow properties of thick and thin piles both near and far from the angle of repose. We also present results for our analyses on the initiation and cessation of flow in section \[chute3\_initiate\]. In section \[chute3\_conc\] we summarize the main conclusions of this work. Simulation Procedure ==================== Here we briefly introduce the simulation model; a thorough description of the technique is available elsewhere [@deniz2; @leo7]. We model $N$ cohesionless, frictional, and inelastic spheres of diameter $d$ and mass $m$ flowing on a fixed, rough bed of area $A$ with a free top surface. Although most of our results are for monodisperse systems, we have verified that our results hold for systems with small polydispersity [@footnote12]. We employed a 3D contact force model that captures the major features of granular particles: interactions between spheres are modeled as Hertzian contacts with [static friction]{}. The implementation of the contact forces, both the normal forces and the shear (friction) tangential forces, is essentially a reduced version of that employed by Walton and Braun [@walton1], developed earlier by Cundall and Strack [@cundall1]. Normal and tangential forces acting on particle $i$ due to contact with particle $j$ are given by $$\begin{aligned} {\bf F}_{n_{ij}}&=&\sqrt{\delta_{ij}/d}\left(k_{n}\delta_{ij}{\bf n}_{ij} -m_{\rm eff}\gamma_{n}{\bf v}_{n_{ij}}\right), \label{chute3_eq3}\\ {\bf F}_{t_{ij}}&=&\sqrt{\delta_{ij}/d}\left(-k_{t}{\bf u}_{t_{ij}} -m_{\rm eff}\gamma_{t}{\bf v}_{t_{ij}}\right), \label{chute3_eq4}\end{aligned}$$ where $\delta_{ij}$ is the particle-particle overlap, ${\bf n}_{ij} \equiv {\bf r}_{ij}/r_{ij}=({\bf r}_{i}-{\bf r}_{j})/\|{\bf r}_{i}-{\bf r}_{j}\|$, is the unit normal along the line of centers, for particle $i$ situated at ${\bf r}_{i}$ and $j$ at ${\bf r}_{j}$. ${\bf v}_{n,t}$ are relative velocities in the normal and tangential directions respectively, and ${\bf u}_{t_{ij}}$ is the elastic tangential displacement that is set to zero at the initiation of a contact. $m_{\rm eff}$ is the effective mass and $k_{n,t}$ and $\gamma_{n,t}$ are elastic and viscoelastic constants respectively. Thus in a gravitational field [g]{}, the force on particle $i$ arises from Newton’s second law for the translational and rotational degrees of freedom, $$\begin{aligned} {\bf F}_{i}^{\rm tot}&=&m {\bf g} + \sum_{j}{{\bf F}_{n_{ij}} +{\bf F}_{t_{ij}}}; \\ \mbox{\boldmath{$\tau$}}_{i}^{\rm tot}&=&-\frac{1}{2}\sum_{j}{{\bf r}_{ij} \times{\bf F}_{t_{ij}}}, \label{chute3_eq6}\end{aligned}$$ and the force on particle $j$ is determined from Newton’s third law. As shown in Fig. \[chute3\_fig2\], we define flow to be parallel to the $x$-direction, $z$ the height normal to the base, and $y$, the vorticity axis, is normal to the $xz$-plane. Values for the friction coefficient $\mu$, and the elastic and viscoelastic coefficients (which are related to the moduli of the material) are chosen to be characteristic of real materials. For all simulations in this study we set $\mu=0.50$, $k_{n}=2\cdot10^{5}mg/d$, $k_{t}=\frac{2}{7}k_{n}$, $\gamma_{n}=50\sqrt{g/d}$, and $\gamma_{t}=\gamma_{n}/2$ [@footnote17]. The time-step $\delta t=10^{-4}\tau$, where $\tau=\sqrt{d/g}$. For a millimeter sized particle $\tau\approx0.01s$. All simulations were run for at least $1\cdot10^{7}\delta t$ before any quantities were measured. Figure \[chute3\_fig2\] shows snapshots of flowing systems where the area of the chute base $A\equiv L_{X}\times L_{Y}= 20d \times 10d = 200d^{2}$, and we vary the total number of particles $N$. The fixed chute bed is made from a random close packing of particles with the same diameter as those in the bulk, mimicking gluing particles onto a chute base as in Ref. [@pouliquen1], for example. In section \[depth\] we kept $A=200d^{2}$ fixed. In section \[chute3\_initiate\], we used a base with dimensions $A = 200d\times 10d = 2000d^{2}$. We have shown [@leo7] that results for thick piles are robust with respect to the dimensions of the chute base. The height of a static pile $h_{\circ} = N/A\rho_{\circ}$ depends on the density of the static packing $\rho_{\circ}$, or equivalently the volume fraction $\phi_{\circ} \equiv \rho_{\circ}\pi/6~(\approx 0.60$ [@leo7]) which is defined in the hard sphere limit (where the subscripts denote the static values). In the flowing state, the actual height of the pile increases with inclination angle due to dilation effects of the flow. However, the dependence of $h$, and therefore $\rho$, on $\theta$ is weak. We find that the computed bulk volume fractions vary over a small range, $0.55\lesssim\phi\lesssim 0.60$, for steady state flows for the particular parameters chosen in this paper [@leo7]. Thus for the simulations $h_{\circ}=\pi N/6A\phi_{\circ}$: for $N=5000$, $h_{\circ}\approx 22d$. ![Configuration snapshots for systems of various sizes with a chute base of fixed area $A=200d^{2}$, that is inclined at an angle $\theta=24^{\circ}$ to the horizontal, where (a) $N=8000$, (b) $N=6000$, (c) $N=4000$, and (d) $N=2000$. The fixed rough base is denoted by the black particles, the flowing particles are grey, and the frame is a guide to the eye fixed at the height $h\approx 39.6d$ of the $N=8000$ system to provide a comparison between the different flow heights.[]{data-label="chute3_fig2"}](config_m8k_ang24.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"} ![Configuration snapshots for systems of various sizes with a chute base of fixed area $A=200d^{2}$, that is inclined at an angle $\theta=24^{\circ}$ to the horizontal, where (a) $N=8000$, (b) $N=6000$, (c) $N=4000$, and (d) $N=2000$. The fixed rough base is denoted by the black particles, the flowing particles are grey, and the frame is a guide to the eye fixed at the height $h\approx 39.6d$ of the $N=8000$ system to provide a comparison between the different flow heights.[]{data-label="chute3_fig2"}](config_m6k_ang24.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"}\ (a)(b)\ ![Configuration snapshots for systems of various sizes with a chute base of fixed area $A=200d^{2}$, that is inclined at an angle $\theta=24^{\circ}$ to the horizontal, where (a) $N=8000$, (b) $N=6000$, (c) $N=4000$, and (d) $N=2000$. The fixed rough base is denoted by the black particles, the flowing particles are grey, and the frame is a guide to the eye fixed at the height $h\approx 39.6d$ of the $N=8000$ system to provide a comparison between the different flow heights.[]{data-label="chute3_fig2"}](config_m4k_ang24.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"} ![Configuration snapshots for systems of various sizes with a chute base of fixed area $A=200d^{2}$, that is inclined at an angle $\theta=24^{\circ}$ to the horizontal, where (a) $N=8000$, (b) $N=6000$, (c) $N=4000$, and (d) $N=2000$. The fixed rough base is denoted by the black particles, the flowing particles are grey, and the frame is a guide to the eye fixed at the height $h\approx 39.6d$ of the $N=8000$ system to provide a comparison between the different flow heights.[]{data-label="chute3_fig2"}](config_m2k_ang24.eps "fig:"){width="6cm"}\ (c)(d)\ Results {#chute3_results} ======= In our previous studies [@deniz2; @leo7], we roughly determined the range of parameters where steady state flow existed for chute flows, focusing mainly on steady state flow for thick piles away from $\theta_{r}$. We found that $\theta_{r}$ is approximately independent of height for piles of sufficient depth. In this work we perform a more thorough analysis of the entire region of the $h-\theta$ phase space. We determine several different flow regimes within the stable, steady state region which are qualitatively identical to several experimental observations in inclined plane geometries, on avalanche dynamics [@daerr1; @daerr2] and rheology [@pouliquen1; @azanza1; @ancey2; @durian1]. Although the exact location of the boundaries of the phase picture shown in Fig. \[chute3\_fig3\] are dependent on specific particle parameters, such as the friction and damping coefficients, the features we report here are general to systems that exhibit steady state flow. Phase Behavior {#chute3_res1} -------------- The overall phase behaviour is determined by the height of the pile $h$ and the angle of inclination $\theta$, as characterised in 2D by Pouliquen and Renault [@pouliquen2]. A prominent feature of that study is the existence of a [flow line]{}, later observed in 3D experiments by Pouliquen [@pouliquen1] and also in studies of avalanches [@daerr1]. The flow line defines the angle of repose as a function of height of material flowing $\theta_{r}(h)$. One can equivalently refer to this in terms of the conjugate variable $h_{stop}(\theta)$ [@pouliquen1]: $\theta_{r}(h)$ is the angle at which a pile of thickness $h$ will cease to flow, and conversely, $h_{stop}(\theta)$ gives the maximum thickness of material that will cease to flow at an inclination angle $\theta$. Various theoretical treatments have also successfully predicted the existence of the flow line [@aranson1; @mills5]. Experimental [@aguirre1; @daerr1] and numerical [@barker7] studies have also identified distinct sub-regions within the stable flow regime of which more will be discussed below. In order to quantify this boundary with precision for our system, we performed a number of simulations to generate the $h-\theta$ phase diagram shown in Fig. \[chute3\_fig3\]. Initially, a static packing with a volume fraction $\phi\approx 0.60$, at $\theta=0^{\circ}$ [@leo9], is tilted until flow is observed. The [maximum angle of stability]{} $\theta_{m}$ is defined as the angle at which flow is initiated and largely depends on construction history of the initial static packing, such as the roughness of the supporting bed and the packing fraction of the initial configuration [@aguirre2]. The angle of repose $\theta_{r}$ is defined as the inclination angle at which the system subsequently jams and flow ceases upon reducing $\theta$ back down. ![The $h-\theta$ phase diagram for granular chute flow, where $h$ is the height of the pile. The filled squares are the simulation data for $\theta_{r}(h)$ and we indicate the [flow line]{} as a fit to Eq. \[chute3\_eq7\]. The open squares are $\theta_{m}(h)$. Solid circles are $\theta_{max}(h)$, the angle at which we observe the onset of unstable flow. Route A corresponds to a path taken by keeping the angle fixed and reducing the system size $N$, whereas Route B has $N$ fixed and decreasing inclination. These routes are discussed in section \[depth\].[]{data-label="chute3_fig3"}](phase.eps "fig:"){width="8cm"}\ Our initial packing was generated by taking a flowing system and gradually reducing the inclination down to $0^{\circ}$ and then allowing the system to relax until it became completely static. Experimental studies on avalanches have shown that $\theta_{m}$ can fluctuate over a range of $3^{\circ}-4^{\circ}$ for different packings with the same height because of construction history effects [@aguirre1]. We have also observed avalanche-like dynamics in our simulations. We characterise avalanches as distinct from regular or continuous flow by observing the time evolution of bulk quantities of the system such as bulk kinetic energy or stress. For continuous flow, the stress or bulk energy will fluctuate about a well-defined mean value, with fluctuations typically less than $10\%$ of the mean. In the case of avalanches, the stress and energy fluctuate about a mean value with O(1) fluctuations, indicative of sporadic flow that mainly occurs at the free surface. We also checked any possible system size dependence. To compare with our smaller systems, we studied a system with $N=32000$ and $A=80d\times40d$ (i.e. approximately $10d$ high on a base with an area four times our standard system size). We again observed avalanche-like behaviour for the big system, although we cannot rule out that in the limit of infinite system size, avalanches might not be observed. From our extensive study, we were able to determine the following general features of flow down inclined planes: there are three principal regions, corresponding to [no flow]{}, [stable flow]{}, and [unstable flow]{}. For a pile of given thickness $h$, and fixed microscopic interaction parameters, these three regions are separated by two angles: $\theta_{r}$, the angle of repose, and $\theta_{max}$, the maximum angle for which we observe stable flow. No flow : $\theta<\theta_{r}$: the system does not flow. Starting from $\theta=0^{\circ}$, an inclination of $\theta=\theta_{m}>\theta_{r}$ is required to initiate flow. As $\theta_{m}$ is approached, a few particles at the free surface rearrange and tumble short distances before coming to rest, but this does not lead to bulk motion or flow [@aguirre3]. $\theta_{r}$ is the angle at which flow ceases on reducing the inclination from a flowing state - it is the lowest angle at which flow is observed and depends on material properties (friction and inelasticity) [@zhou1], as well as the roughness of the supporting bed. Stable flow : $\theta_{r}<\theta<\theta_{max}$: bulk flow is observed (after flow is initiated). The bulk averaged kinetic energy of the system is constant with time and the entire pile is seen to be in motion while no slip is observed at the bottom with these rough boundary conditions. The stable flow region can be divided into the following three regimes: Continuous flow I : $\theta>>\theta_{r}$: away from the flow line, the rheology is well approximated by Bagnold scaling, Eqs. (\[chute3\_eq1\]) and (\[chute3\_eq2\]). Continuous flow II : $\theta_r <\theta\lesssim\theta_m$: close to the flow line, the rheology is not Bagnold-like, rather the velocity profile is better approximated by a linear relationship with depth $v(z)\propto z$. The upper boundary $\theta_{m}$ is also seen in experimental studies of avalanches and differentiates between different flow mechanisms, depending on whether one is above or below $\theta_{m}$ [@daerr1]. Avalanching flow : $\theta\approx\theta^{^{+}}_{r}$: Very close to the angle of repose, but just above it, regular continuous flow is not observed, rather in this regime, steady state involves slow, underlying creep motion of the entire pile combined with sporadic free surface motion down the incline. In the vicinity of $\theta_{r}$, extremely large energy fluctuations are observed [@leo10]. Unstable flow : $\theta>\theta_{max}$: the development of a shear thinning layer at the bottom of the pile results in lift-off and unstable acceleration of the entire pile. $\theta_{max}$ becomes approximately constant for $h\gtrsim10d$. The flow descriptions above capture the principal observations of several different experiments of gravity-driven flows [@pouliquen1; @ancey2; @durian1; @daerr1]. In particular, the transition from no flow to avalanche flow at $\theta \approx \theta_{r}$ is similar to the observations reported by Lemieux and Durian [@durian1] for low material flux. The transition from avalanches to our continuous flow II regime appears to resemble the observations reported by Daerr and Douady [@daerr1] of avalanche studies for $\theta_{r}<\theta<\theta_{m}$. Similar observations have been reported for rotating cylinder experiments [@rajchenbach1]. Pouliquen [@pouliquen1], later verified by Daerr and Douady [@daerr1], characterized the flow line - the dividing line between no flow and flow. Using an empirical argument, Pouliquen suggested the following relation: $$\tan\theta_{r}=\tan\theta_{1}+[\tan\theta_{2}-\tan\theta_{1}]\exp\left(-\frac{h}{l}\right), \label{chute3_eq7}$$ where $\theta_{1}$ is the angle at which $\theta_{r}$ becomes independent of depth, $\theta_{2}$ is the largest value of $\theta_{r}$, and $l$ is a characteristic length scale. In Fig. \[chute3\_fig3\] we fit Eq. \[chute3\_eq7\] to our simulation points and obtained the following fitting parameters; $\theta_{1}=19.60^{\circ}~(19.55^{\circ})$, $\theta_{2}=28.50^{\circ}~(27.75^{\circ})$, and $l\approx8.5d$, where the values in parentheses are the data points from the simulations. Our simulations not only predict the phase behavior of chute flows, but also capture the subtle features emerging in recent experiments. In the following sections we present various depth profiles of density, velocity, and stress to better quantify the transitions between thin and thick piles. Depth Profiles {#depth} -------------- We computed depth profiles as a function of $z$ for the packing fraction $\phi$, velocity in the direction of flow $v_{x}$, strain-rate $\dot{\gamma}$, shear stress $\sigma_{xz}$, and granular temperature $T$ (see definition below), for a range of system sizes and inclination angles. Since our simulations employ periodic boundary conditions in the plane perpendicular to height, our simulations are not influenced by the effects of side walls and are therefore equivalent to measurements made along the centre line of a real chute flow, away from the edges. It has been recognised that profiles taken at the side walls are significantly different from those made along the centre line [@ancey2; @walton3]. Because of the dependence of $\theta_{r}$ on $h$, we approached $\theta_{r}$ in two ways: fixing the inclination angle of the chute and observing flow in systems of different heights until flow ceased for a pile of height $h_{stop}(\theta)$ (route A). Alternatively, we held $N$ fixed and reduced the inclination angle of a flowing state down to $\theta_{r}(h)$ (route B). [Route A:]{} Figures \[chute3\_fig7\]-\[chute3\_fig10\] show various bulk profiles for route A, that is, systems at a fixed inclination angle of $\theta=24^{\circ}$ but of varying sizes, $N=8000,~5000,~3000,~2000,~1000$. The density profiles in Fig. \[chute3\_fig7\] exhibit a constant density region throughout the bulk of the material which is a familiar observation for thicker systems [@leo7]. ![Depth profiles of the packing fraction $\phi$, for systems of various size $N$, varying in heights from $h\approx 40d$ to $5d$ for $\theta=24^{\circ}$: route A in Fig. \[chute3\_fig3\].[]{data-label="chute3_fig7"}](den_ang24_bw.eps){width="6.5cm"} The flow velocity $v_{x}$ and strain-rate $\dot{\gamma}$ profiles shown in Fig. \[chute3\_fig8\] are for the same systems reported in Fig. \[chute3\_fig7\]. For moderate to thick piles, $h\gtrsim 15d$, the velocities and corresponding strain-rates scale with height. However, for $h\lesssim 15d$, there are significant differences. The velocity profiles, top panel in Fig. \[chute3\_fig8\], for the thinner piles at first become more linear with depth, then ultimately have a curvature opposite to that of the thicker piles. This gradient transformation is more apparent from the strain-rate curves (bottom panel Fig. \[chute3\_fig8\]): for thicker piles $\dot{\gamma}$ decreases from the chute base toward the free surface of the flowing pile, whereas in thinner piles there is a range of system sizes where $\dot{\gamma}\approx constant$ throughout the pile, leading to a linear velocity profile. For thinner systems still, $\dot{\gamma}$ increases near the free surface. ![Depth profiles of the velocity in the direction of flow (top panel) and the corresponding strain-rate (bottom panel), each normalized by their maximum value, for various system sizes for $\theta=24^{\circ}$. Note the depth is normalized by the respective height for clarity. Legend as in Fig. \[chute3\_fig7\].[]{data-label="chute3_fig8"}](vel_ang24_bw.eps){width="6.5cm"} In this work, we define the “granular temperature” $T$ to be the averaged velocity fluctuations about the mean bulk flow velocity at that height, $T\equiv\langle v^{2}\rangle-\langle v\rangle^{2}$. The temperature in the flow direction is defined as $T_{x}=\langle v_{x}^{2}\rangle-\langle v_{x}\rangle^{2}$. Figure \[chute3\_fig9\] shows the change in the profiles of $T_{x}$ from thick to thin piles, which is similar to the behavior of $\dot{\gamma}$. From the simulations we find that for [all sizes]{}, $$T_{x}\propto \dot{\gamma}^{2}, \label{chute3_eq8}$$ although the data for thinner piles is considerably noisier. ![Profile of the granular temperature $T_{x}/T_{x}^{max}$, in the direction of flow as a function of $z$ for various system sizes for $\theta=24^{\circ}$. Legend as in Fig. \[chute3\_fig7\].[]{data-label="chute3_fig9"}](temp_x_ang24_bw.eps){width="6.5cm"} Similarly, the rheology plot in Fig. \[chute3\_fig10\] shows that thicker piles display Bagnold rheology: $\sigma_{xz}\propto \dot{\gamma}^{2}$, but there is a transition away from this as the piles become thinner. For thin piles, $5\lesssim\frac{h}{d}\lesssim 15$, the strain rate is approximately constant away from the free surface and the chute base. For the thinnest piles $h\approx5d$, the strain rate decreases with shear stress. This may come about from competing length scales in the system, i.e. the thickness of the flow determines the separation between the top free surface and the chute base. Some theoretical treatments based on these considerations have been used to explain the differences between observed velocity profiles in flowing piles [@mills4]. ![Rheology data for various system sizes for $\theta=24^{\circ}$: $\dot{\gamma}$ vs. $\sigma_{xz}$. Legend as in Fig. \[chute3\_fig7\].[]{data-label="chute3_fig10"}](rheo_ang24_bw.eps){width="6.5cm"} [Route B:]{} Figures \[chute3\_fig11\]-\[chute3\_fig14\] show depth profiles for a system taken along route B in Fig. \[chute3\_fig3\]. These are for a system of fixed size $N=6000$, where we vary the inclination angle down toward $\theta_{r}$. In Fig. \[chute3\_fig11\] the density profiles for the system $N=6000$ are shown for a range of inclination angles $\theta=25^{\circ},~23^{\circ}~,22^{\circ},~21^{\circ}~,20^{\circ}$. We see the constant density region, where the bulk density decreases with increasing angle due to dilatancy effects. However, there are no qualitative differences between the behaviour at different angles. ![Depth profiles of the packing fraction $\phi$, for a system with a fixed number of particles, $N=6000$, over a range of inclination angles, route B in Fig. \[chute3\_fig3\].[]{data-label="chute3_fig11"}](den_m6k_bw.eps){width="6.5cm"} For the velocity and strain-rate profiles shown in Fig. \[chute3\_fig12\], differences do emerge, and these differences mimic the behavior observed along route A. Away from the flow line, the velocity profiles scale as Eq. \[chute3\_eq2\], whereas for systems at lower angles the velocity profiles change to linear. $\dot{\gamma}$ changes likewise as does the granular temperature (shown in Fig. \[chute3\_fig13\]). ![Profiles for the velocity in the direction of flow $v_{x}$ (top panel) and the corresponding strain-rate $\dot{\gamma}$ (bottom panel), each normalized by their respective maximum values, for a system with a fixed number of particles, $N=6000$, over a range of inclination angles inclination angle. The height is normalized by the system size. Legend as in Fig. \[chute3\_fig11\].[]{data-label="chute3_fig12"}](vel_m6k_bw.eps){width="6.5cm"} ![Profile of the x-component of the granular temperature $T_{x}/T_{x}^{max}$ for a system with a fixed number of particles, $N=6000$, over a range of inclination angles. Legend as in Fig. \[chute3\_fig11\].[]{data-label="chute3_fig13"}](temp_x_m6k_bw.eps){width="6.5cm"} ![Rheology data for a system with a fixed number of particles $N=6000$, over a range of inclination angles: $\dot{\gamma}$ normalized by $(\theta - \theta_{r})$ vs. $\sigma_{xz}$. Legend as in Fig. \[chute3\_fig11\].[]{data-label="chute3_fig14"}](rheo_m6k_bw.eps){width="6.5cm"} In Fig. \[chute3\_fig14\] we plot the rheology curves for the different angles. We have rescaled $\dot{\gamma}$ by $(\theta-\theta_{r})$, for convenience. We find that for systems with $(\theta-\theta_{r})\gtrsim 1.0^{\circ}$, the rheology plots scale well. However, for the system that is closest to $\theta_{r}$, the flow behavior is very different, though similar to the differences observed along Route A. Therefore the two routes A and B indicated in Fig. \[chute3\_fig3\] offer complementary paths to similar states. Because of the very nature of the dependence of $\theta_{r}$ on $h$, the flow properties of systems at different angles and different heights show similarities provided they are taken equivalently close to $\theta_{r}$. Velocity Scaling ---------------- Pouliquen [@pouliquen1] showed that flows of thick and thin piles approximately obey a simple scaling relation. Non-dimensionalizing $v$, the velocity measured along the centre line at the top of the flowing pile by $\sqrt{gh}$, where g is the acceleration due to gravity and $h$ is the measured height of the pile, one obtains the [Froude]{} number $Fr\equiv v/\sqrt{gh}$. By plotting the Froude number against $h/h_{stop}$, where $h_{stop}(\theta)$ is the height of a pile at which a system flowing at an angle $\theta$ would stop, Pouliquen was able to collapse his full data set of systems with different particle size and properties. Pouliquen proposed the simple scaling relation, $$\frac{v}{\sqrt{gh}} = \beta \frac{h}{h_{stop}}. \label{chute3_eq9}$$ where the coefficient $\beta$ was fit to the experimental data, resulting in an apparently universal value, $\beta_{exp}=0.136$. The quantity $h_{stop}$ encodes details of the particle roughness, the base roughness and all other intrinsic properties of a particular system. Accordingly, one need only measure $h_{stop}$ of the system in question to determine the flow properties. In a similar vein, in Fig. \[chute3\_fig15\] we plot the flow velocity, taken from the top of the flowing pile, non-dimensionalised by $\sqrt{gh}$ for each height $h$ against $h/h_{stop}$. The data agrees well with a linear relation, giving a coefficient $\beta_{sim}=0.147$, which is in good agreement with the experimental result determined by Pouliquen [@pouliquen1], $\beta_{exp}=0.136$. ![Froude number $v/\sqrt{gh}$ as a function of $h/h_{stop}$ for different inclinations. A measure of the slope gives $\beta_{sim} = 0.147$, compared with Pouliquen’s experimental determination of $\beta_{exp} = 0.136$.[]{data-label="chute3_fig15"}](froude.eps){width="8cm"} The scaling relation Eq. \[chute3\_eq9\] although simple, appears to be quite robust. Pouliquen [@pouliquen4] and also Andreotti et al. [@daerr5], have taken Eqs. \[chute3\_eq9\] and \[chute3\_eq7\] to predict phase behaviour and flow properties. Their resulting analyses of granular fronts captures many of the main features of granular flows. However, as yet, there is no underlying explanation for these seemingly simple relationships. Initiation and Cessation of flow {#chute3_initiate} ================================ We have also studied the initiation and cessation of flow, something difficult to probe experimentally. For these studies we used large systems, $A = 200d \times 10d = 2000d^2$ and $h_{\circ} \approx 50d$, providing better resolution for these processes. In addition, any size effects due to thin samples do not complicate our observations. We have previously studied initiation of flow from a crystalline static state in 2D [@leo7]. After such a system is tilted, a disordering front propagates upwards from the bottom of the pile, melting the ordered structure, until the entire pile is disordered and flows in its steady state form. Although the starting state in $3D$ need not be ordered, we find that flow initiation in $3D$ also undergoes a similar bottom-up process. [Initiation]{} was studied for a disordered, static packing of our larger system that was tilted from $\theta=0^{\circ}$ to $24^{\circ}$. See Fig. \[chute3\_fig5\]. At the instant of flow initiation, the system slips at the bottom boundary and begins to flow as a plug as indicated in Fig. \[chute3\_fig5\](a). Particles closest to the base undergo collisional motion with the fixed bed leading to the creation of a granular temperature front, as shown in Fig. \[chute3\_fig5\](b). This [thermalization]{} front propagates up the pile, disrupting the plug region. After the original initiation slippage, the slip region disappears and the velocity profile appears approximately linear with height, with a crossover to the plug region. After the plug phase melts, the system dilates slightly, leading to a velocity profile of the Bagnold steady state form. ![Initiation of flow: time evolution of the depth profiles of, (a) the velocity in the direction of flow and (b) the granular temperature in the direction of flow, at the initiation of flow for a static state ($h\approx 50d$), initially at $\theta=0^{\circ}$, that is tilted to $24^{\circ}$. Initial failure occurs near the base, the pile then “heats up” from the bottom of the pile, a thermalization front propagates up the pile with time, disrupting the plug flow above it. The lowest curve starts at $t=025\tau$ after the system is first tilted, and we plot curves for $t=0.50\tau,~1\tau,~2\tau,~3\tau$, and $4\tau$ respectively.[]{data-label="chute3_fig5"}](v_x-z-initiation-long-times2.ps "fig:"){width="6.5cm"} ![Initiation of flow: time evolution of the depth profiles of, (a) the velocity in the direction of flow and (b) the granular temperature in the direction of flow, at the initiation of flow for a static state ($h\approx 50d$), initially at $\theta=0^{\circ}$, that is tilted to $24^{\circ}$. Initial failure occurs near the base, the pile then “heats up” from the bottom of the pile, a thermalization front propagates up the pile with time, disrupting the plug flow above it. The lowest curve starts at $t=025\tau$ after the system is first tilted, and we plot curves for $t=0.50\tau,~1\tau,~2\tau,~3\tau$, and $4\tau$ respectively.[]{data-label="chute3_fig5"}](vel-fluc-nn22.ps "fig:"){width="6.5cm"}\ [Cessation]{} was observed for a system that was initially in steady state flow at $\theta = 24^{\circ}$, as the inclination angle was reduced to $\theta = 18^{\circ}$, which is below $\theta_{r}$. See Fig. \[chute3\_fig6\]. Although it may seem intuitive to expect an exact reversal of the initiation process, this is not observed. After $\theta$ is reduced to below the angle of repose, particles at the bottom of the pile, which have the smallest velocities, come to rest first becoming trapped by the rough base. The frozen layer then serves to trap the slowly moving particles above it. This [trapping]{} front propagates up the pile towards the free surface, as indicated in Fig. \[chute3\_fig6\](a). A consequence of this is that the granular temperature cools from the chute base as the whole system gradually comes to rest. We note the emergence of a thin saltating region at the free surface during the cooling process. ![Cessation of flow: time evolution of the depth profiles of, (a) the velocity in the direction of flow and (b) the granular temperature in the direction of flow, for the cessation of flow of a system with $h\approx 50d$. Initially in steady state flow with $\theta=24^{\circ}$, the inclination angle is then reduced to $18^{\circ}<\theta_{r}$ leading to the gradual stopping of flow into a jammed state. Particles moving slowest at the base stop flowing first, leading to a freezing front that propagates up the pile. The top curve is taken at a time $100\tau$ after the angle is first reduced to below the angle of repose, and subsequent curves are separated by $10\tau$ later.[]{data-label="chute3_fig6"}](v_x-z-24to18.ps "fig:"){width="6.5cm"} ![Cessation of flow: time evolution of the depth profiles of, (a) the velocity in the direction of flow and (b) the granular temperature in the direction of flow, for the cessation of flow of a system with $h\approx 50d$. Initially in steady state flow with $\theta=24^{\circ}$, the inclination angle is then reduced to $18^{\circ}<\theta_{r}$ leading to the gradual stopping of flow into a jammed state. Particles moving slowest at the base stop flowing first, leading to a freezing front that propagates up the pile. The top curve is taken at a time $100\tau$ after the angle is first reduced to below the angle of repose, and subsequent curves are separated by $10\tau$ later.[]{data-label="chute3_fig6"}](vel-fluc1-sf-nn2.ps "fig:"){width="6.5cm"}\ During this trapping process the pile exhibits two distinct behaviors separated by the trapping front. Below the trapping front, the particles are frozen into a pack, whereas above the trapping front, particles continue to flow. As the trapping front moves up the pile, the depth of the flowing section continuously shrinks with time. As shown in Fig. \[chute3\_fig6\](a), this leads to a bulk velocity profile that consequently transforms from Bagnold-like flow to linear with depth until flow ceases. Essentially, flow cessation is a transient version of route B in Fig. \[chute3\_fig3\] for flow at one angle over a range of flow heights. Another feature of flow transitions is in understanding the stress response of the system upon initiation and cessation of flow. Classical treatments of granular media [@nedderman1] demand that failure will only occur if the ratio of the shear stress to the normal stress equals the tangent of the angle of repose, $$\sigma_{xz} = \sigma_{zz} \tan\theta_{r}. \label{chute3_eq10}$$ However, Eq. \[chute3\_eq10\] needs to be modified to take into account the history dependence of the starting point of flow for initiation at $\theta_{m}$, and the general stopping point of flow for cessation at $\theta_{r}$. In Fig. \[chute3\_fig16\] the stress ratio $\sigma_{xz}/\sigma_{zz}$ is plotted as a function of inclination angle $\theta$ for initiation of flow (circles) and cessation of flow (squares). We see that $\sigma_{xz}/\sigma_{zz}$ is linear with $tan\theta$. Still, to observe flow from initiation, the stress ratio must exceed $\tan\theta_{m}$, or for flow to cease its value must be reduced to below $\tan\theta_{r}$. In other words, the shear stress can have a non-zero value and remain static as long as the stress ratio is smaller than the tangent of $\theta_{r}$ or $\theta_{m}$. The particular stress state of the [static]{} system is very much history dependent and comes about from the imposed conditions at the instant the system became static [@leo10]. ![Ratio of the shear stress to the normal stress $\sigma_{xz}/\sigma_{zz}$ as a function of the tangent of the angle of inclination $\theta$ for initiation of flow (squares) and cessation of flow (circles). The open symbols correspond to static states and the filled symbols are flowing. The lines indicate the positions of $\theta_{r,m}$. The stress ratio is linear with $\tan\theta$, but flow will not occur unless the stress ratio remains above $\tan\theta_{r}$ in the case of a system already flowing, or exceeds $\tan\theta_{m}$ for initiation of flow.[]{data-label="chute3_fig16"}](str_resp.eps){width="8cm"} Conclusions {#chute3_conc} =========== We have performed a systematic simulation study of inclined plane, gravity-driven flow of granular materials, elucidating the reasons behind the discrepancies that exist between several different experimental procedures. These arise as a consequence of how far the system is from jamming, or how close the inclination angle of the pile is from the angle of repose. We have accurately determined the flow phase diagram for a system with a particular interaction parameter set, indicating the height dependence of the angle of repose and the maximum angle of stability. We have also determined the boundary between steady state and unstable flow and find that the maximum angle for steady state flow also exhibits height dependence. This suggests the existence of an intrinsic length scale in granular flows and forms part of our work in progress. For thick enough piles flowing on a rough inclined plane, say $h\gtrsim20d$, the velocity profiles and rheology follow Bagnold scaling. As one reduces the height of the flowing pile, a continuous transition from Bagnold rheology to linear velocity profiles through to avalanche-like dynamics occurs, until finally, one reaches the angle of repose $\theta_{r}$, and flow ceases. As a result, one can obtain various velocity profiles and flow behaviors not only through changing the height of the flowing pile, but also by varying the inclination angle of the chute, such that there is an overlap region where one can obtain similar flow properties through either procedure. These features can be used in surface flow treatments [@degennes5; @daerr3] to better predict the evolution of an avalanche surface. Our investigation on the initiation and cessation of flow shows that the initiation process starts from failure at the base that results in a “heat” front that propagates up the pile. Upon cessation of flow, an effective freezing front propagates up the pile with particles becoming trapped in the frozen layer until the whole system comes to rest. In some cases, flow initiation or cessation only occurred after many time units (approximately equivalent to 20 seconds for a 1mm sized particle). A consequence of these findings is that experimental reports of various flow behaviour in flowing piles may also be due to the time window of observation. In general, we have captured all the major observations from experiment, including quantitative agreement of the scaling parameter $\beta$, Eq. \[chute3\_eq9\], from Pouliquen’s empirical theory [@pouliquen1]. Acknowledgements {#acknowledgements .unnumbered} ================ We thank Deniz Ertas and Thomas Halsey for helpful discussions and a critical reading of the manuscript. LES would also like to thank M. A. Aguirre for insightful discussions. This work was supported by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. [10]{} S. B. Savage, “Gravity flow of cohesionless granular materials in chutes and channels,” J. Fluid Mech. [92,]{} 53 (1979). C. S. Campbell, C. E. Brennen, and R. H. Sabersky, “Flow regimes in inclined open-channel flows of granular materials,” Powder Tech. [41,]{} 77 (1985). M. Sadjadpour and C. S. Campbell, “Granular chute flow regimes: mass flowrates, flowrate limits and clogging,” Advanced Powder Technol. [10,]{} 175 (1999). H. Ahn, C. E. Brennen, and R. H. Sabersky, “Analysis of the Fully Developed Chute Flow of Granular Materials,” J. Appl. Mech. [59,]{} 109 (1992). P. C. Johnson, P. Nott, and R. Jackson, “Frictional-collisional equations of motion for particulate flows and their application to chutes,” J. Fluid Mech. [210,]{} 501 (1990). T. G. Drake, “Structural features in granular flows,” J. Geophysical Res. [95,]{} 8681 (1990). T. P$\ddot{o}$schel, “Granular material flowing down an inclined chute: a molecular dynamics simulation,” J. Phys. II [3,]{} 27 (1993). X. M. Zheng and J. M. Hill, “Molecular dynamics modelling of granular chute flow: density and velocity profiles,” Powder Tech. [86,]{} 219 (1996). O. Pouliquen, “Scaling laws in granular flows down rough inclined planes,” Phys. Fluids [11,]{} 542 (1999). E. Azanza, F. Chevoir, and P. Moucheront, “Experimental study of collisional granular flows down an inclined plane,” J. Fluid Mech. [400,]{} 199 (1999). C. 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/* * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. / package android.telephony; import android.annotation.Nullable; import android.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage; import android.os.Build; import android.os.Parcel; import android.telephony.gsm.GsmCellLocation; import android.text.TextUtils; import java.util.Objects; /* * CellIdentity is to represent a unique LTE cell / public final class CellIdentityLte extends CellIdentity { private static final String TAG = CellIdentityLte.class.getSimpleName(); private static final boolean DBG = false; private static final int MAX_CI = 268435455; private static final int MAX_PCI = 503; private static final int MAX_TAC = 65535; private static final int MAX_EARFCN = 262143; private static final int MAX_BANDWIDTH = 20000; // 28-bit cell identity private final int mCi; // physical cell id 0..503 private final int mPci; // 16-bit tracking area code private final int mTac; // 18-bit Absolute RF Channel Number private final int mEarfcn; // cell bandwidth, in kHz private final int mBandwidth; /* * @hide / @UnsupportedAppUsage public CellIdentityLte() { super(TAG, CellInfo.TYPE_LTE, null, null, null, null); mCi = CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE; mPci = CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE; mTac = CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE; mEarfcn = CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE; mBandwidth = CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE; } /* * * @param mcc 3-digit Mobile Country Code, 0..999 * @param mnc 2 or 3-digit Mobile Network Code, 0..999 * @param ci 28-bit Cell Identity * @param pci Physical Cell Id 0..503 * @param tac 16-bit Tracking Area Code * * @hide / @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023) public CellIdentityLte(int mcc, int mnc, int ci, int pci, int tac) { this(ci, pci, tac, CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE, CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE, String.valueOf(mcc), String.valueOf(mnc), null, null); } /* * * @param ci 28-bit Cell Identity * @param pci Physical Cell Id 0..503 * @param tac 16-bit Tracking Area Code * @param earfcn 18-bit LTE Absolute RF Channel Number * @param bandwidth cell bandwidth in kHz * @param mccStr 3-digit Mobile Country Code in string format * @param mncStr 2 or 3-digit Mobile Network Code in string format * @param alphal long alpha Operator Name String or Enhanced Operator Name String * @param alphas short alpha Operator Name String or Enhanced Operator Name String * * @hide / public CellIdentityLte(int ci, int pci, int tac, int earfcn, int bandwidth, String mccStr, String mncStr, String alphal, String alphas) { super(TAG, CellInfo.TYPE_LTE, mccStr, mncStr, alphal, alphas); mCi = inRangeOrUnavailable(ci, 0, MAX_CI); mPci = inRangeOrUnavailable(pci, 0, MAX_PCI); mTac = inRangeOrUnavailable(tac, 0, MAX_TAC); mEarfcn = inRangeOrUnavailable(earfcn, 0, MAX_EARFCN); mBandwidth = inRangeOrUnavailable(bandwidth, 0, MAX_BANDWIDTH); } /* @hide / public CellIdentityLte(android.hardware.radio.V1_0.CellIdentityLte cid) { this(cid.ci, cid.pci, cid.tac, cid.earfcn, CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE, cid.mcc, cid.mnc, "", ""); } /* @hide / public CellIdentityLte(android.hardware.radio.V1_2.CellIdentityLte cid) { this(cid.base.ci, cid.base.pci, cid.base.tac, cid.base.earfcn, cid.bandwidth, cid.base.mcc, cid.base.mnc, cid.operatorNames.alphaLong, cid.operatorNames.alphaShort); } private CellIdentityLte(CellIdentityLte cid) { this(cid.mCi, cid.mPci, cid.mTac, cid.mEarfcn, cid.mBandwidth, cid.mMccStr, cid.mMncStr, cid.mAlphaLong, cid.mAlphaShort); } /* @hide / public CellIdentityLte sanitizeLocationInfo() { return new CellIdentityLte(CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE, CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE, CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE, CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE, CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE, mMccStr, mMncStr, mAlphaLong, mAlphaShort); } CellIdentityLte copy() { return new CellIdentityLte(this); } /* * @return 3-digit Mobile Country Code, 0..999, * {@link android.telephony.CellInfo#UNAVAILABLE UNAVAILABLE} if unavailable. * @deprecated Use {@link #getMccString} instead. / @Deprecated public int getMcc() { return (mMccStr != null) ? Integer.valueOf(mMccStr) : CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE; } /* * @return 2 or 3-digit Mobile Network Code, 0..999, * {@link android.telephony.CellInfo#UNAVAILABLE UNAVAILABLE} if unavailable. * @deprecated Use {@link #getMncString} instead. / @Deprecated public int getMnc() { return (mMncStr != null) ? Integer.valueOf(mMncStr) : CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE; } /* * @return 28-bit Cell Identity, * {@link android.telephony.CellInfo#UNAVAILABLE UNAVAILABLE} if unavailable. / public int getCi() { return mCi; } /* * @return Physical Cell Id 0..503, * {@link android.telephony.CellInfo#UNAVAILABLE UNAVAILABLE} if unavailable. / public int getPci() { return mPci; } /* * @return 16-bit Tracking Area Code, * {@link android.telephony.CellInfo#UNAVAILABLE UNAVAILABLE} if unavailable. / public int getTac() { return mTac; } /* * @return 18-bit Absolute RF Channel Number, * {@link android.telephony.CellInfo#UNAVAILABLE UNAVAILABLE} if unavailable. / public int getEarfcn() { return mEarfcn; } /* * @return Cell bandwidth in kHz, * {@link android.telephony.CellInfo#UNAVAILABLE UNAVAILABLE} if unavailable. / public int getBandwidth() { return mBandwidth; } /* * @return Mobile Country Code in string format, null if unavailable. / @Nullable public String getMccString() { return mMccStr; } /* * @return Mobile Network Code in string format, null if unavailable. / @Nullable public String getMncString() { return mMncStr; } /* * @return a 5 or 6 character string (MCC+MNC), null if any field is unknown. / @Nullable public String getMobileNetworkOperator() { return (mMccStr == null \|\| mMncStr == null) ? null : mMccStr + mMncStr; } /* @hide / @Override public int getChannelNumber() { return mEarfcn; } /* * A hack to allow tunneling of LTE information via GsmCellLocation * so that older Network Location Providers can return some information * on LTE only networks, see bug 9228974. * * The tunnel'd LTE information is returned as follows: * LAC = TAC field * CID = CI field * PSC = 0. * * @hide / @Override public GsmCellLocation asCellLocation() { GsmCellLocation cl = new GsmCellLocation(); int tac = mTac != CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE ? mTac : -1; int cid = mCi != CellInfo.UNAVAILABLE ? mCi : -1; cl.setLacAndCid(tac, cid); cl.setPsc(0); return cl; } @Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(mCi, mPci, mTac, super.hashCode()); } @Override public boolean equals(Object other) { if (this == other) { return true; } if (!(other instanceof CellIdentityLte)) { return false; } CellIdentityLte o = (CellIdentityLte) other; return mCi == o.mCi && mPci == o.mPci && mTac == o.mTac && mEarfcn == o.mEarfcn && mBandwidth == o.mBandwidth && TextUtils.equals(mMccStr, o.mMccStr) && TextUtils.equals(mMncStr, o.mMncStr) && super.equals(other); } @Override public String toString() { return new StringBuilder(TAG) .append(":{ mCi=").append(mCi) .append(" mPci=").append(mPci) .append(" mTac=").append(mTac) .append(" mEarfcn=").append(mEarfcn) .append(" mBandwidth=").append(mBandwidth) .append(" mMcc=").append(mMccStr) .append(" mMnc=").append(mMncStr) .append(" mAlphaLong=").append(mAlphaLong) .append(" mAlphaShort=").append(mAlphaShort) .append("}").toString(); } /* Implement the Parcelable interface / @Override public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) { if (DBG) log("writeToParcel(Parcel, int): " + toString()); super.writeToParcel(dest, CellInfo.TYPE_LTE); dest.writeInt(mCi); dest.writeInt(mPci); dest.writeInt(mTac); dest.writeInt(mEarfcn); dest.writeInt(mBandwidth); } /* Construct from Parcel, type has already been processed / private CellIdentityLte(Parcel in) { super(TAG, CellInfo.TYPE_LTE, in); mCi = in.readInt(); mPci = in.readInt(); mTac = in.readInt(); mEarfcn = in.readInt(); mBandwidth = in.readInt(); if (DBG) log(toString()); } /* Implement the Parcelable interface / @SuppressWarnings("hiding") public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<CellIdentityLte> CREATOR = new Creator<CellIdentityLte>() { @Override public CellIdentityLte createFromParcel(Parcel in) { in.readInt(); // skip; return createFromParcelBody(in); } @Override public CellIdentityLte[] newArray(int size) { return new CellIdentityLte[size]; } }; /* @hide */ protected static CellIdentityLte createFromParcelBody(Parcel in) { return new CellIdentityLte(in); } }
Please visit ourCommunity Links section for other Sullivan County Organizations PLEASE NOTE: If you bookmark a particular link from the current news, sports or obituaries offered on our Website, be aware that the URL address will change once it is archived. Bookmarking an archived link is therefore the surest way to retain access to a particular article. Rob Potter \| Democrat The members of the Homers softball team and four of their most loyal fans gathered for a team photo after the team won the first annual Santos Memorial Softball Tournament on Sunday afternoon at Edward M. Collins Memorial Park in Mongaup Valley. In the front row, from left to right, are Thomas VanDunk, Chris Morgan Jr., Lesley Morgan, Dillon Kozloski, Chris Morgan, Wayne Kozloski, Jamie Caufield and Mike Talmadge. In the back row, from left to right, are Chris Smith, Jason Corman, J.R. Drew, Tom Butler, Alex Rodriguez, Brian Kowal, Billy Schutz, Chuck Worthington and Jason McCann. Homers wins first annual Santos Memorial Softball Tournament By Rob PotterMONGAUP VALLEY The Fitness Factory softball team is used to playing in tournaments and playing very well in those tournaments. Last summer, the team, which is sponsored by The Fitness Factory Health Club in Monticello, won the New York State Men’s Modified Tournament held in Mechanicsville. This past weekend, however, the Fitness Factory coaches and players held a softball tournament the first annual Santos Memorial Softball Tournament. The Fitness Factory team decided to organize the tournament to honor Santos Rodriguez, who moved to Puerto Rico in 2009 and passed away in February 2010. When he resided here in Sullivan County, Santos Rodriguez played for the Fitness Factory team and was one of the pitchers who helped the team win the second annual John Spear Memorial Softball Tournament held in July 2008 at Edward M. Collins Memorial Park in Mongaup Valley. Earlier this year, Fitness Factory Coach Edwin “Flaco” Rodriguez and his teammates decided to honor Santos Rodriguez with a softball tournament. Santos Rodriguez was a beloved teammate and the uncle of team members Edwin Rodriguez, Serafin Rodriguez, Dennis Rivera, Derwin Rivera and Xavier Cardona. The first annual Santos Memorial Softball Tournament was held this past weekend at Collins Park and Kenneth H. Somerville Field in Monticello. Four games were held at Somerville Field, while the other games were played at Collins Park. “I think he helped us out with the weather for this tournament,” Edwin Rodriguez said of his uncle on Sunday afternoon while looking to the heavens above moments after the championship game ended. “We had 12 teams in the tournament and had to turn away six or seven teams. The teams came from all over to play in the tournament, from the Bronx to Binghamton to Pennsylvania.” Instead of first and second place trophies, the first place team received $500 and the second place team received $250. The Fitness Factory team members served as umpires for the tournament and as the public address announcer for Sunday afternoon’s championship games. Other members of the Fitness Factory team and their family members also volunteered to help the tournament run smoothly. In Sunday’s first possible championship game of the double-elimination tourney, Rockland Revolution, which came out of the loser’s bracket, defeated Homers, 5-2. Moments later, the teams played again for the title. Homers, which is sponsored by Homers Coffee Shop in Port Jervis and has players who live in the Port Jervis and the Matamoras, Pa. area, edged Rockland Revolution, 13-12. Rockland Revolution, which includes players from Rockland County and Sullivan County resident Tim “Chopper” Ackermann, who also pitches for the Fitness Factory team, rebounded from an early 3-0 deficit to take a 12-6 lead in the top of the third inning. But Homers scored six runs in the bottom of the fourth inning to even the game at 12-12. The score remained tied until the bottom of the sixth inning. With one out, Mike Talmadge singled to left field. When Wayne Kozloski hit a fly ball to the outfield which was caught for the second out of the frame, Talmadge tagged up and advanced to second base. Tom Butler then hit a double down the left field line to bring Talmadge in to score what became the game-winning run. As Edwin Rodriguez noted, the dozen teams which played in the tourney represented several communities in the tri-state area. One of the teams, Darders Stone Works, is based here in Sullivan County. Edwin Rodriguez and his teammates are already looking forward to next year’s Santos Memorial Softball Tournament. “We’re planning on holding this tournament every season,” he said.
Newsroom Newsroom Posted Oct 17, 2011 by Suzie Ford Gamepot has announced that Wizardry Online has officially entered into its open beta phase of development in Japan. So successful is the open beta, the team has had to add extra servers to accommodate over 100,000 registrations on the first day. Gamepot is anxious to bring Wizardry Online to North American users and is actively seeking publishing partners. Developed in conjunction with Japanese game studio Headlock Inc., Wizardry Online offers multiplayer features new to the Wizardry series, including party play and player versus player (PvP) combat, while maintaining the classic style for which the series is beloved. Hardcore gamers will revel in the return of the complex dungeons that punctuated earlier iterations, and soon will find that the game is fraught with significant peril: Wizardry Online features permanent death, in which player characters can be removed from the game upon dying, creating a more immersive experience. advertisement Suzie Ford / Suzie is the Associate Editor and News Manager at MMORPG.com. Follow her on Twitter @MMORPGMom
Don’t Know What To Do With Your Life? Here’s A Secret For You We live in an age where both humanity and planet earth are going through a lot of changes. If we look back roughly fifty years ago, we would have generally known our place and role in society. Women were housewives or secretaries, and men were the breadwinners, the heads of the family. We had guidelines reinforced by war-time propaganda and shows like “I Dream of Genie” and “Bewitched.” We had a rough idea of who we were, and what we were going to do with ourselves in the future. In our modern day and age, we have no clear guidelines. We currently find ourselves changing from a Type Zero civilization to a Type One (see the video below), and one of the products of this change is the internet, a technology that allows us to be a constantly interconnected civilization. National borders are no longer barriers that stop us from communicating and progressing together. We are becoming global citizens. This can be seen as a source of liberation, or intense confusion. The internet allows us to be exposed to a wider variety of voices, its wealth of information allows us to see that it is possible to live our lives differently. We now know going to school, to university, getting a ‘respectable’ job, getting married and getting a mortgage isn’t the only path we can take. We know there are people out there like Steven Spielberg and Bill Gates who lead particularly successful lives without university degrees, and established an inspiring legacy for all of us. We know that we can publish our own book on Amazon, we can build our own websites, we can manage our businesses wherever we have wifi, and we can find a special someone online who really shares all our interests, rather than selecting people at random in the darkness of bars and nightclubs. So, in this age of constant and limitless opportunity offered to us by the internet, what exactly should we do with ourselves? This is a difficult question, and it is this question that is responsible for the rising phenomena that is the Quarter-Life Crisis. The younger generations are breaking under the pressure previously felt by people in their 50s. The Mid-Life Crisis came on when you looked back on your life feeling you wasted half of it, and missed every opportunity you had to make something better of it. So you anxiously try to do something different, for fear of running out of time. Twenty year olds nowadays feel the pressure from their family, friends, and society, to do something ‘worthwhile’ with their future. So they find solace in the only place they know they don’t have to fear external and unwanted expectations, they don’t have to change who they are to ‘fit in’. And that place is the internet. YouTube. Tumblr. Alternative websites like Collective Evolution. We are secretly hoping we somehow find a way out of all this mess. That somehow, somewhere, we will find a person, a video, a phrase, that triggers an idyllic revelation, and will tell us exactly what we have to do. In this age of constant social, environmental and galactic change, it is not surprising we feel lost, stressed, insignificant, and somewhat detached from the world ‘out-there’. It’s a natural consequence of our evolution. The paradigms of the past are out-dated, they don’t fit in with how we feel inside. Someone else’s expectations of ourselves, although sometimes based on good intentions, can be a great source of stress. What can you do? There is one secret, that is not-so-secret, that will let us find the answer we are searching for. And it is inside each and every one of us. It is our intuition. Our inner voice. Our gut-feeling. Whatever you wish to label it. We all have it. If we tune into this voice, we will never go wrong. It will guide us exactly where we want to go, it will make sure you always go after what will make you safe, happy, loved and fulfilled. The tricky bit is blocking out all the external voices, the external expectations that cause all the pressure. These voices can be very loud, very firm, and they surround us every day. Learn to recognise them with patience. Ask yourself: why am I doing this? Why am I thinking this? Why am I feeling this? Is this my voice? Or is this someone else’s voice? Analyse the causes and the consequences of every major decision you have made or are being faced with. Was it made out of love? Or was it made due to pressure? Did I tell myself to do this? Or did someone else tell me to do this? Is this what I want to do? Or is this what someone else thinks I should do? We are lucky we can use the internet as a tool to connect with people who are going through or who went through exactly what you are going through right now, as an added form of support. Do some research to prove to yourself that it is possible to be different and do things out of the ordinary. Only by being out of the ordinary can you become extraordinary. Learn to trust yourself. Trust your intuition. It will guide you. It will make you do things you might never have done. And it will feel right. When you have that feeling, never let it go. Remember, the whole world is changing. And because we are children of this earth, we are changing too. Accept the fact that as a whole, everything on this planet is moving on to something different. By doing so, you will accept yourself, and you will allow your inner voice more room to speak out. When it does, trust it.
589 N.W.2d 700 (1998) LARKEN, INC., Appellee, v. LARKEN IOWA CITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP and Pine Hill Iowa, Inc., Appellants. No. 96-2189. Supreme Court of Iowa. December 23, 1998. Rehearing Denied January 29, 1999. Edwin N. McIntosh of Dorsey & Whitney LLP, Des Moines, and Howard O. Boltz, Jr. of Bryan Cave LLP, Los Angeles, California, for appellants. Hugh G. Albrecht of Tom Riley Law Firm, P.C., Cedar Rapids, and Mark C. Dangerfield and L. Richard Williams of Grant, Williams, Lake & Dangerfield, Phoenix, Arizona, for appellee. Considered en banc. LARSON, Justice. The owner of an Iowa City hotel has appealed from a district court judgment denying the owner's attempted termination of a management agreement allegedly breached by the manager's self-dealing. The district court held that the owner's sole remedy was termination following the thirty-day notice and right to cure provided by the management agreement, and the owner had no right to terminate the contract without notice. We reverse and remand. I. The Facts. The defendants, Larken Iowa City Limited Partnership and Pine Hill Iowa, Inc. (Pine Hill), and the plaintiff, Larken, Inc. (Larken), owned a Hilton Inn in Bloomington, Minnesota, and a Holiday Inn in Iowa City, Iowa. The present action involves only the management of the Iowa City hotel. In addition to its ownership interest, Larken managed both 701 hotels under similar long-term management agreements. Pine Hill eventually bought out Larken's interest in the partnerships to become the sole owner of the hotels, but Larken retained its manager status. Larken and Pine Hill also reached a $700,000 settlement for accounting errors and defaults by Larken under the contract. That litigation, in federal court, did not address the issue in the present case: whether Pine Hill may terminate the management contract without notice and an opportunity to cure. As manager, Larken is responsible for purchasing equipment for the hotel, maintaining the hotel to comply with Holiday Inn franchising requirements, accounting for receipts and expenditures, and supervising the employees who handle the day-to-day operations of the hotel. Larry and Ken Cahill own Larken, Inc. and manage several hotels in addition to the Hilton Inn and the Holiday Inn. Larry Cahill is the president of Larken, and he also owns an interest in Long Distance Data Partnership (LDDP) telephone service, a relationship that ultimately gave rise to Pine Hill's claim of self-dealing, as discussed later. On October 31, 1995, Pine Hill sent a letter notifying Larken that Pine Hill intended to terminate the management agreement for several alleged defaults. Pine Hill did not offer an opportunity to cure the defaults. Larken responded by filing declaratory judgment actions in Minnesota and Iowa to obtain rulings that Larken had not violated the agreements and that Pine Hill had not provided Larken with a notice and an opportunity to cure as required by the agreements. Pine Hill counterclaimed, seeking a declaratory judgment that the agreement could be terminated because Larken's breaches were incurable and the notice and opportunity-to-cure provisions were not Pine Hill's exclusive means to terminate the contract. In the Minnesota litigation, the Minnesota district court ruled that Pine Hill could not terminate the agreement. That court applied Minnesota contract law and concluded that the core purpose of the Minnesota management agreement was to make a profit. The hotel was profitable, so the purpose of the agreement was fulfilled, according to the court. Therefore, any breaches of the agreement by Larken were not so material as to give Pine Hill the right to terminate without notice and the right to cure. The Iowa district court, relying on the Minnesota ruling, applied collateral estoppel and reached the same conclusion as to the Iowa agreement. Pine Hill contends this was error. We do not believe, as the Minnesota court apparently did, that profitability of the enterprise should be the sole touchstone for resolving the parties' termination rights. While profitability is a significant purpose of the management agreement, the honesty of the parties is also an integral, although unexpressed, component of the agreement. We are not bound by principles of res judicata to reach the same legal conclusions as a court in another state, applying its own law. See Allan D. Vestal, Res Judicata Preclusion V250 (1969) ("Generally ... it would seem that there is complete freedom to examine any point of law regardless of an earlier decision."); 50 C.J.S. Judgments § 970, at 57 (1997). A judgment rendered by a court of one state must be a judgment on the merits in order to be entitled to recognition and enforcement in other states, and if it is a judgment on the merits, it will be given full faith and credit.... A judgment denying recovery because the laws of the state do not provide a remedy for the wrong alleged will not bar recovery in another state which does provide a remedy. 50 C.J.S. Judgments § 970, at 57 (footnotes omitted). Moreover, the acts of the manager in Minnesota giving rise to the attempted termination there were not the same acts complained of in Iowa. The "identity of issues" required for collateral estoppel is therefore lacking. See Penn v. Iowa State Bd. of Regents, 577 N.W.2d 393, 398 (Iowa 1998). We reject Larken's collateral estoppel argument and proceed to resolve the issues in this case without regard to the Minnesota judgment. II. The Merits. The substantive issue is whether a contract may be terminated for a breach of 702 an unexpressed duty of honesty and fidelity in the face of express contract language that requires notice and right to cure before termination. This is apparently an issue of first impression in Iowa. The Pine Hill-Larken agreement provides for notice and the right to cure before termination: 16.01 Termination; Notice to Licensor. Any [violation] of this Agreement may constitute grounds for termination of the License Agreement. At least thirty (30) days prior to any termination of this Agreement, written notice thereof must be delivered to Licensor . . . 16.02 Termination for Cause. (a) Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default in any of Articles 15.01(a), (e), (f) or (g), this Agreement shall terminate if the defaulting party fails to remedy such Event of Default within thirty (30) days after receipt of notice to remedy; provided that if such Event of Default be of a non-monetary nature and cannot be reasonably cured within said thirty (30) day period, then said thirty (30) day period shall be deemed to be extended for such additional period as may be reasonably necessary to promptly cure said Event of Default.... However, the management agreement suggests that the procedure with notice and the right to cure is not the only remedy available to a party. The agreement also provides: 16.02 Termination for Cause. .... (d) The terms of this Article shall not be deemed to preclude or impair the right of any party to exercise any right or remedy, whether for damages, injunction, specific performance, or otherwise, upon any breach of any terms of this Agreement. Pine Hill relies on section 16.02(d) in arguing that termination after notice and an opportunity to cure is not the exclusive remedy. Larken counters that this interpretation renders the notice and opportunity to cure provision meaningless. Instead, Larken argues, section 16.02(d) "merely clarifies that the power to effect a termination does not `preclude or impair' other remedies in place of or in addition to terminating the agreement, such as for damages or injunctive relief." Larken also argues that the management agreement lists the breaches for which notice and opportunity to cure are not required. Those breaches include a party's voluntary or involuntary dissolution, filing for appointment of a receiver, filing of a voluntary petition in bankruptcy, or otherwise admitting in writing an inability to pay debts. The type of breach claimed here, self-dealing, is not listed as a basis for termination without notice. The district court found that Larken had breached the agreement in several respects. It found that Holiday Inn employees purchased a dryer, a large screen television, cedar siding, and garage door repair services for personal benefit. Employees retained rebates for personal use on goods ordered for Holiday Inn purposes, and Larken failed to obtain Pine Hill's approval for three separate purchases totaling $37,320. On appeal Pine Hill focuses primarily on two breaches: Larken entered into an unauthorized telephone maintenance contract with LDDP, a long-distance telephone provider controlled by Larry Cahill, a principal of Larken. In addition, Pine Hill asserts that Larken misappropriated the rebates that should have been paid to Pine Hill, as owner. Despite the court's finding that these breaches were established, it concluded that Pine Hill was not entitled to terminate the agreement without complying with the notice and opportunity-to-cure provisions. It ruled the primary purpose of the management agreement was to make money for the owner, and because the hotel had not lost its profitability, the essential purpose of the contract was intact. Pine Hill contends it may terminate the contract if a breach goes to the essence or fundamental purpose of the contract, and dishonesty falls in that category. Pine Hill supports this argument with several authorities, including Olin v. Central Industries, Inc., 576 F.2d 642, 648 (5th Cir.1978). In that case, an Olin franchisee, Central Industries, Inc., had illegally short-filled fifty-pound bags of fertilizer produced by Olin. 703 Central kept the difference. Olin terminated the agreement without notice or right to cure as provided by the franchise agreement. The federal court in Olin, anticipating what Mississippi law would be (because Mississippi had not yet passed on the question), said: [W]e hold that the termination provision in the Olin-Central agreement did not provide the exclusive means of termination in the event of a material breach which had the effect of substantially defeating the purpose of the contract. Olin, 576 F.2d at 648. A similar case, Southland Corp. v. Mir, 748 F.Supp. 969, 983 (E.D.N.Y.1990), also involved a claim of fraud perpetrated by a franchisee. The court stated: It is clear that the termination and curing provision grants Southland the right to terminate and deny the franchisees the right to cure for substantial violations.... That the list in the provision of events and violations that are not curable fails to refer to fraud does not preclude the parties having intended that termination for fraud was without the right to cure: "Unless a contract provision for termination for breach is in terms exclusive, it is a cumulative remedy and does not bar the ordinary remedy of termination for `a breach which is material, or which goes to the root of the matter or essence of the contract.'" Southland Corp., 748 F.Supp. at 983 (quoting Olin, 576 F.2d at 647). On the question of whether a party may terminate for certain breaches without notice and right to cure, one authority has said: It seems to the present author that Olin presents just such a case where Olin could have terminated as it did even despite contract provisions that the 90 days notice be exclusive. The notice provision assumed that the breaches which would be used to terminate the contract would be curable breaches. There was a frustration of purpose when a breach involving fundamental dishonesty by one party occurred, because no amount of payment for past thefts by Central could ever restore the business trust and confidence which Olin wanted to have in its distributors.... Under the circumstances, then, Central's breach was a vital breach, it would have been sufficient to allow Olin to rescind the contract even if the contract had been in terms an absolute one for a fixed term with no right of termination at all; it seems strange to suggest that the right of immediate termination is lost because the parties expressly provided a means of terminating for lesser, curable breaches. 6 Lawrence A. Cunningham & Arthur J. Jacobson, Corbin on Contracts § 1266, at 23 (1997 Supp.) [hereinafter Corbin].[1] Other jurisdictions have adopted a similar rule. See, e.g., L.K. Comstock & Co. v. United Eng'rs & Constructors, 880 F.2d 219, 232 (9th Cir.1989) (adopting Corbin's position on incurable breaches of contracts with exclusive notice and cure provisions); Blue Bell, Inc. v. Western Glove Works, Ltd., 816 F.Supp. 236, 243 (S.D.N.Y.1993) ("[D]ebate over whether a termination provision with notice and cure requirements in a contract makes termination without notice and cure impossible seems to have ended in favor of the view that fraud may entitle one party to recision regardless of notice and cure, but it turns on the quality of the fraud."); Lanvin v. Colonia, Inc., 739 F.Supp. 182, 195 (S.D.N.Y.1990) ("Unless a notice provision is exclusive, however, it is only a cumulative remedy and does not bar the ordinary remedy of termination without notice for a breach which is material or which goes to the root or essence of the contract."); D.C. Films, Inc. v. Best Film & Video Corp. (In re Best Film & Video Corp.), 46 B.R. 861, 875 (E.D.N.Y.1985) (when breach was incurable, film company had right to rescind contract even though notice was required and even if the contract had no termination provision at all); see also Leghorn v. Wieland, 289 So.2d 745, 704 748 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1974) ( "[I]f the breach was so grave as to be irreparable and incurable, the giving of notice would be a useless gesture."); Young Travelers Day Camps, Inc. v. Felsen, 118 N.J.Super. 304, 287 A.2d 231, 237 (N.J.Dist.Ct.1972) (when notice provision in contract benefited both parties, it was not the exclusive method of terminating contract in which breach could not be remedied). An analogous case in this court, Craig Foster Ford, Inc. v. Iowa Department of Transportation, 562 N.W.2d 618 (Iowa 1997), involved the termination of a franchise agreement because of alleged dishonesty by the franchisee. The plaintiff, Craig Foster Ford, Inc., was a franchisee under Ford Motor Company and had dealerships in two Iowa towns. Ford terminated the franchise because of false rebate claims exceeding $25,000. Iowa Code section 322A.2 provides that a franchise for a motor vehicle dealership may be terminated only for "good cause." In turn, section 322A.15 provides eight guidelines to be used in determining whether good cause exists. The first six guidelines pertain to financial matters. The seventh consideration pertains to failure by the franchisee to substantially comply with the requirements of the franchise. The eighth consideration, which is the most pertinent to the present case, provides that another consideration is bad faith by the franchisee in complying with those terms of the franchise which are determined by the department of inspections and appeals to be reasonable and material. Iowa Code § 322A.15(8). In the administrative hearing, the franchisee stressed its financial success and the resulting benefits to the communities, thereby largely satisfying the requirements of the first six considerations under section 322A.2. (The financial success of the venture is what Larken stresses here; the purpose of the management agreement is to make money. Because Larken has made money for the owner, other considerations are secondary, according to it.) In Craig Foster Ford the administrative law judge placed greater weight on the nonfinancial considerations and concluded that Ford had good cause to terminate the franchise. On appeal we observed: Foster's dispute lies with the emphasis accorded factors (7) and (8) by the ALJ and district court. The dealership insists on appeal that each of the eight factors should carry equal weight, thus giving it a winning score of six to two. Foster's tally makes little sense, however, where the defining interests are, on the one hand, profitability, and, on the other hand, good faith and fair dealing. At least one other court has observed in similar circumstances that positive factorsuch as increased salescannot outweigh findings of pervasive fraud in a dealership's service department. Chesapeake Ford, Inc. v. Ohio Motor Vehicle Dealers Bd., 103 Ohio App.3d 515, 660 N.E.2d 481, 485 (1995). We are convinced that section 322A.15 calls for a qualitative rather than quantitative analysis.... A poor showing on factors (1) through (6) would signal financial and service weaknesses, problematic for the franchiser and public alike. Factors (7) and (8), by contrast, would reveal a breakdown in the parties' good-faith adherence to the terms of their franchise. Craig Foster Ford, 562 N.W.2d at 623. We upheld the termination. In Wheeler v. Waller, 197 N.W.2d 585 (Iowa 1972), we said that "[the] duty of good faith is not limited to the familiar categories such as partnership, joint venture, and agency; it permeates the law wherever a relationship of trust and confidence exists." Wheeler, 197 N.W.2d at 587. We conclude that the acts of self-dealing found by the district court were so serious that they frustrated one of the principal purposes of the management agreement, which was to manage the hotel in the best interests of the owner and to be honest and forthright in its dealings. Self-dealing is the antithesis of that purpose, and it violates the relationship of trust necessarily underlying such agreements. Larken's breach of its implied duty of honesty and fidelity went to the heart of the contract. Merely requiring Larken to retroactively undo its wrongdoings, as Larken *705 urges, would not be an adequate remedy. AsCorbin observed in discussing Olin, "no amount of payment for past thefts by [the franchisee] could ever restore the business trust and confidence which [the franchisor] wanted to have in its distributors." Corbin § 1266, at 23. We conclude the district court erred in denying Pine Hill its right to terminate this agreement based on Larken's acts of self-dealing. We reverse and remand to the district court for entry of judgment accordingly. REVERSED AND REMANDED. All justices concur except CARTER, J., who takes no part. NOTES [1] The view expressed by "the present author" is apparently so identified in order to clarify the view of the original author of Corbin, who had stated: The time and manner of exercising a power of termination may be specified in the contract; in such case an attempt to exercise it otherwise will be ineffective. 6 Corbin § 1266, at 65 (1962).
"Braking" the Prefrontal Cortex: The Role of Glucocorticoids and Interneurons in Stress Adaptation and Pathology. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) receives information regarding stimuli and appropriately orchestrates neurophysiological, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress. The cellular and neurochemical heterogeneity of the mPFC and its projections are key to fine-tuning of stress responses and adaptation. Output of the mPFC is mediated by glutamatergic pyramidal neurons whose activity is coordinated by an intricate network of interneurons. Excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in the mPFC is critical for appropriate responsiveness to stress, and E/I imbalance occurs in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders that co-occur with chronic stress. Moreover, there is mounting data suggesting that chronic stress may precipitate E/I imbalance. This review will provide information regarding the cellular and anatomical makeup of the mPFC and discuss the impact of acute and chronic stress in adulthood and early life on interneuron function, with implications for E/I balance affecting functional connectivity. Specifically, the review will highlight the importance of interneuron type, connectivity, and location (both layer- and subregion-specific). The discussion of local mPFC networks will focus on stress context, including stressor duration (acute vs. chronic) and timing (early life vs. adulthood), as these factors have significant implications for the interpretation of experiments and mPFC E/I balance. Indeed, interneurons appear to play a prominent role in prefrontal adaptation, and a better understanding of the interactions between stress and interneuron function may yield insight to the transition from adaptation to pathology. Ultimately, determining the mechanisms mediating adaptive versus pathologic plasticity will promote the development of novel treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders related to prefrontal E/I imbalance.
Aspergillus Cell Wall Melanin Blocks LC3-Associated Phagocytosis to Promote Pathogenicity. Concealing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is a principal strategy used by fungi to avoid immune recognition. Surface exposure of PAMPs during germination can leave the pathogen vulnerable. Accordingly, β-glucan surface exposure during Aspergillus fumigatus germination activates an Atg5-dependent autophagy pathway termed LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), which promotes fungal killing. We found that LAP activation also requires the genetic, biochemical or biological (germination) removal of A. fumigatus cell wall melanin. The attenuated virulence of melanin-deficient A. fumigatus is restored in Atg5-deficient macrophages and in mice upon conditional inactivation of Atg5 in hematopoietic cells. Mechanistically, Aspergillus melanin inhibits NADPH oxidase-dependent activation of LAP by excluding the p22phox subunit from the phagosome. Thus, two events that occur concomitantly during germination of airborne fungi, surface exposure of PAMPs and melanin removal, are necessary for LAP activation and fungal killing. LAP blockade is a general property of melanin pigments, a finding with broad physiological implications.
Kwade (Comminution) comminution kinetics - Columbia University than size x are being formed is given in equation (3): Wx = Kxt. (3) where W x comminution operation, such as ball milling, can . kinetics of particle formation in a ball mill. one .. responding daily mill capacities showed a linear relationship,. The Power Consumption Calculation of a Ball Drum Mill - Idosi Mill (grinding)Stone Crusher Machine for Sale A mill is a device that breaks solid materials into smaller pieces by grinding, crushing, or cutting To calculate the needed grinding work against the grain size changing three half-empirical models are . The power predictions for ball mills typically use the following form of the Bond equation: . "Mills and GMDs" ( PDF). Basics in Minerals Processing Handbook as pdf file - Exploring ball size distribution in coal grinding mills (PDF Download Article (PDF Available) in Powder Technology 257:68–73 · May 2014 with 202 Reads new balls are added to the mill, have significant effects on the mill capacity and the milling The effect of the ball size distribution on the milling rate of coal has been .. These equations were incorporated into our simulation so ftware. 1 MODELING THE SPECIFIC GRINDING ENERGY AND BALL-MILL Effect of circulating load and classifiion efficiency on HPGR and pdf. Effect of circulating load and classifiion efficiency on HPGR and ball mill capacity Ball mill capacity tends to increase with larger circulating loads, but this The first order grinding law is described by Equation 1: í dD dt Where: dR dt
Bodmin Jail hotel plans unanimously approved Plans to transform two wings of Bodmin Jail in Cornwall into a 63-bedroom hotel have been unanimously approved by Cornwall Council. Twelve Architects submitted proposals earlier this year to redevelop the Grade II-listed jail into hotel, alongside a visitor experience, teaching and learning resource, and a venue for private hire. The £30m project could start development inOctober, with the site scheduled to be completed in 2019. A hotel operator is yet to be named. Chris Wilkes, the manager of Bodmin Jail, told Cornwall Live: “We’re absolutely delighted to have achieved this unanimous decision. It’s great news for the jail, for its owners and for not just Bodmin itself but for the whole county.”
Administrative Exile for Bat-Ayin Youth The Honenu legal-aid organization reported, Thursday afternoon, that commander Nitzan Allon of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) has issued an administrative order to keep an 18-year-old from Bat Ayin away from certain places for six months, including his parents' home in the Judean Jewish community. Honenu, which is assisting the youth, issued a statement saying, "We're sorry that even when the state is being attacked by Arab missiles, the Israel Security Agency chooses to continue to obsessively persecute the [Jewish] residents of Judea and Samaria." The statement continued, "We condemn the IDF's use of administrative orders, without due process and hearings, against Jews who love the people and the land."
Q: Generic lambdas with statically sized arrays as arguments Is the following generic (polymorphic) lambda legal C++14? auto f = [](auto x[3]) { x[0]; x[1]; // etc. }; GCC and Clang 4 accept the code, but Visual Studio 2017 does not. Is it legal? error C3318: 'auto [3]': an array cannot have an element type that contains 'auto' A: It is illegal. [dcl.array]/1, emphasis mine: In a declaration T D where D has the form D1 [ constant-expressionopt ] attribute-specifier-seqopt and the type of the identifier in the declaration T D1 is “derived-declarator-type-list T”, then the type of the identifier of D is an array type; if the type of the identifier of D contains the auto type-specifier, the program is ill-formed.
A new exposé in The Nation magazine reveals that trailers the Clinton Foundation donated to post-earthquake Haiti to use as temporary classrooms—and to double as hurricane shelters—are plagued by mold, shoddy construction. In at least one case, an air quality test revealed worrying levels of formaldehyde. The trailers were built by the same company that is being sued in the United States for providing formaldehyde-laced trailers to displaced residents after Hurricane Katrina. We speak with the journalists who broke this story, Isabel Macdonald and Isabeau Doucet. “What does it say about the reconstruction efforts in Haiti, if the very first project approved by the commission that’s supposed to ensure accountability and transparency in Haiti’s rebuilding passes this kind of project?” says Macdonald. “Bill Clinton himself has his hands all over it, and he is the co-chair of this commission that is supposed to ensure that Haiti is ‘built back better.’” [includes rush transcript] Isabeau Doucet, co-author of the Nation piece “The Shelters that Clinton Built.” She is a freelance journalist working in Port-au Prince, Haiti, where she has written for Haïti Liberté and worked for Al Jazeera. Isabel Macdonald, co-author of the Nation piece “The Shelters that Clinton Built.” She is a freelance journalist and former communications director of the media watch group Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting. AMY GOODMAN: Today marks one-and-a-half years since the devastating earthquake that ravaged Haiti, killing more than 316,000 people, leaving at least a million homeless. The country has slowly begun to build, but efforts have been slow in a country that was already one of the poorest in the Western hemisphere before the earthquake hit. Critics have faulted the efforts of international donors, including the U.S., for failing to deliver on pledges while exerting excessive control over the reconstruction process. Former President Bill Clinton has played a major role in relief efforts, serving as the U.N. special envoy to Haiti and as co-chair of the Interim Haiti Recovery Commission. Through his Clinton Foundation, the former president has helped fund a number of projects in Haiti. Well, a new investigative report from The Nation magazine takes a critical look at the Clinton Foundation’s first recovery commission project in post-earthquake Haiti: the construction of shelters in the city of Léogâne. President Clinton first announced the project in a video on his foundation’s website. BILL CLINTON: Many of you have expressed your interest in the progress being made in Haiti as the nation continues to recover from the earthquake. I wanted to give you just a quick update of some of our ongoing efforts to help the people build back better. The recent cholera outbreak serves as a stark reminder of the urgency we face to address and strengthen reconstruction efforts in Haiti. After the outbreak, my foundation responded, allocating a million dollars to the government, so that we can move supplies down there in a hurry. In addition to the health outbreaks, the hurricane season remains a threat, especially to those still living in camps. My foundation has contributed a million dollars there to the construction of emergency storm shelters in Léogâne. AMY GOODMAN: But according to a new exposé in The Nation magazine, the shelters turned out to be a series of trailers beset with problems including mold, shoddy construction—in one case, worrying levels of formaldehyde. The trailers are also built by the same company, Clayton Homes, that’s currently being sued in the U.S. for providing formaldehyde-laced trailers to displaced residents after Hurricane Katrina. A student and teacher at a school housed in the trailers described the conditions there. MONDIALIE CINEAS: [translated] The class gets so hot. The kids get headaches. And we go to the teacher for him to give us painkillers. DÉMOSTHÈNE LUBERT: [translated] I believe that the grant foundation of Clinton, given that we’re speaking of a school, Clinton would build latrines for us, so that the children can go to the toilet safely, given that we’re under the iron rule of cholera. It’s not finished. It’s not too late. We’re waiting, waiting for a lot of things from Clinton. And Clinton can do good things for Haiti. AMY GOODMAN: That video clip is courtesy of The Nation magazine and the Canadian Center for Investigative Reporting. Well, for more, we’re joined by the journalists who broke the story, Isabel Macdonald and Isabeau Doucet. Their piece, “The Shelters that Clinton Built,” is in the July 11th issue of The Nation magazine, online atTheNation.com. Isabeau, talk more about what you found. ISABEAU DOUCET: Well, Clinton—this was one of the first projects of the commission, and there’s been very little transparency and accountability, despite all these buzzwords—you know, “sustainable development,” “community consultation”—around this commission. It’s kind of widely seen as very opaque and labyrinthian. So we thought we’d just pick one project and really investigate it. And since this was one of the first, and it was one of the few that’s actually completed, we thought, you know, perfect. And what we found was, I mean, not only are these hurricane-proof shelters trailers, which cannot be hurricane-proof, according to U.S. standards, but they were riddled with any number of problems. They’re extremely hot. They’re leaking. There’s mold. You know, they’re visibly already starting to rot, even though they’re freshly installed. So we thought, given that Clinton himself was the one who coined this term, “build back better”—we’re going to “build back better” Haiti—what does this mean for what’s to come of the commission’s projects? AMY GOODMAN: Isabel Macdonald, Clayton Homes, can you explain where these trailers came from and the problems they’ve had after Hurricane Katrina? ISABEL MACDONALD: Well, we’ve been requesting documentation of any bidding process from the Clinton Foundation, and we have not gotten documentation. We know that they were built by Clayton Homes, which is currently being sued in the United States for exposing Hurricane Katrina survivors to injurious levels of formaldehyde, which the plaintiffs in thisFEMA formaldehyde lawsuit claim came as a direct result of them residing in trailers that Clayton Homes had sold to FEMA. The Clinton Foundation has not answered our questions about any due diligence that was done. We know that trailers are considered a liability in the United States in the case of a hurricane. FEMA tells Americans to evacuate trailers. And so, the real question is, how did Bill Clinton think that this would be acceptable in Haiti to provide these trailers as hurricane shelters, to buy them from a company facing this kind of lawsuit over formaldehyde? And what does it say about the reconstruction efforts in Haiti, if the very first project approved by the commission that’s supposed to ensure accountability and transparency in Haiti’s rebuilding passes this kind of project? And Bill Clinton himself has his hands all over it, and he is the co-chair of this commission that is supposed to ensure that Haiti is “built back better.” AMY GOODMAN: We’re going to have to leave it there, but we’ll link toThe Nation and your investigation. Isabel Macdonald, Isabeau Doucet, thank you very much. The piece is called “The [Shelters] that Clinton Built.”
/* Copyright 2017 The TensorFlow Authors All Rights Reserved. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. ==============================================================================/ // GRPC client to perform on-demand profiling #ifndef TENSORFLOW_CORE_PROFILER_RPC_CLIENT_CAPTURE_PROFILE_H_ #define TENSORFLOW_CORE_PROFILER_RPC_CLIENT_CAPTURE_PROFILE_H_ #include <string> #include "tensorflow/core/platform/status.h" #include "tensorflow/core/profiler/profiler_options.pb.h" #include "tensorflow/core/profiler/profiler_service.pb.h" #include "tensorflow/core/profiler/protobuf/xplane.pb.h" namespace tensorflow { namespace profiler { // Convert XSpace to tool data and saves under <logdir>/plugins/profile/. Status ExportToTensorBoard(const XSpace& xspace, const std::string& logdir); // Collects one sample of monitoring profile and shows user-friendly metrics. // If timestamp flag is true, timestamp will be displayed in "%H:%M:%S" format. Status Monitor(const std::string& service_addr, int duration_ms, int monitoring_level, bool display_timestamp, std::string result); // Starts tracing on a single or multiple hosts and saves the result in the // given logdir. If no trace was collected, retries tracing for // num_tracing_attempts. Status Trace(const std::string& service_addr, const std::string& logdir, const std::string& workers_list, int duration_ms, int num_tracing_attempts, const ProfileOptions& opts); } // namespace profiler } // namespace tensorflow #endif // TENSORFLOW_CORE_PROFILER_RPC_CLIENT_CAPTURE_PROFILE_H_
AB-701 Sex crimes: rape.(2015-2016) Bill Start An act to add Section 263.1 to the Penal Code, relating to sex crimes. [ Approved by Governor September 30, 2016. Filed with Secretary of State September 30, 2016. ] LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST AB 701, Cristina Garcia. Sex crimes: rape. Existing law defines rape and spousal rape as an act of sexual intercourse accomplished under specified circumstances indicating a lack of consent, force, or duress, as specified. Existing law additionally makes various acts, including sodomy and oral copulation without consent or sexual intercourse with a minor, unlawful as sexual assault. This bill would state the findings of the Legislature that all forms of nonconsensual sexual assault may be considered rape for purposes of the gravity of the offense and the support of survivors and would state that this is declarative of existing law. Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: NO Local Program: NO Bill Text The people of the State of California do enact as follows: SECTION 1. Section 263.1 is added to the Penal Code, to read: 263.1. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that all forms of nonconsensual sexual assault may be considered rape for purposes of the gravity of the offense and the support of survivors.
Poverty will become ever more entrenched in Britain if the government does not maintain social spending to protect the most vulnerable, the Organisation of Economic and Social Development has warned. The Paris-based organisation said austerity measures and benefits cuts were more likely to hurt the poor in the UK than in most other OECD countries because its benefits system is more strongly targeted at low income groups. The pace of cuts will intensify between now and 2015, the OECD noted in its "society at a glance 2014" report. A rise in youth unemployment and poverty in recent years also suggested the government needed to do more to help young people leaving education, the organisation said. "The government has already implemented certain strategies for youth not in employment, education or training (NEET). Such programmes will need to be maintained and developed for the foreseeable future as high NEET rates persist." All member countries were urged to take action to tackle rising inequality and social divisions. Angel Gurría, OECD secretary general, said: "The economic recovery alone will not be enough to heal the social divisions and help the hardest-hit bounce back. Governments need to put in place more effective social policies to help their citizens deal with future crises. They also need to avoid complacency and persevere in their reform efforts as the recovery takes hold." There are 48 million people looking for work in OECD countries, 15 million more than in September 2007. The number of people living in households without any income from work has doubled in Greece, Ireland and Spain since the onset of the crisis, and risen by 20% or more in Estonia, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Slovenia and the United States. Poorer households have lost greater shares of their incomes than the better-off . The OECD warned there was risk that as the UK government rolls out its Universal Credit scheme and efforts to "make work pay", policies to stabilise incomes, such as child and working tax credits, should be considered. It added: "Experience from earlier recessions suggests that there is a risk that many families could remain partly or fully dependent on benefits for extended periods of time. "Freezing or capping benefit levels and changing the way benefits are adjusted over time means that living standards of people more dependent on benefits will fall relative to the rest of the population. This might entrench poverty for families who depend on income support." While overall unemployment rates in Britain have been lower in recent years compared with other crisis hit countries, Britain recorded the fourth biggest rise among OECD countries in the proportion of people forced to take part-time work when they would prefer to work more, and wages have fallen faster than in other countries, the OECD said. Average annual household disposable incomes fell to £19,900 in the UK last year from a pre-crisis level of £20,400. Over the same period average disposable incomes were flat in both the European Union and OECD at $22,900 and $23,100 respectively. Relative poverty rates have fallen in the UK however to 10% from 11.3%, but rose slightly in the EU and OECD.
1980 U.S. Clay Court Championships The 1980 U.S. Clay Court Championships was a men's Grand Prix and women's Colgate Series tennis tournament held at the Indianapolis Sports Center in Indianapolis in the United States and played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 12th edition of the tournament and was held from August 4 through August 10, 1980. Eighth-seeded José Luis Clerc and top-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd won the singles titles. Finals Men's Singles José Luis Clerc defeated Mel Purcell 7–5, 6–3 It was Clerc's 3rd singles title of the year and the 7th of his career. Women's Singles Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Andrea Jaeger 6–4, 6–3 It was Evert-Lloyd's 4th singles title of the year and the 97th of her career. Men's Doubles Kevin Curren / Steve Denton defeated Wojciech Fibak / Ivan Lendl 3–6, 7–6, 6–4 It was Curren's 2nd title of the year and of his career. It was also Denton's 2nd title of the year and of his career. Women's Doubles Anne Smith / Paula Smith defeated Virginia Ruzici / Renáta Tomanová 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 It was Anne Smith's 6th title of the year and the 12th of her career. It was Paula Smith's 1st title of the year and of her career. References External links U.S. Clay Court Championships U.S. Clay Court Championships Category:1980 U.S. Clay Court Championships U.S. Clay Court Championships U.S. Clay Court Championships
Q: Conditional Formatting TODAY() with Date + Time in cell What I am trying to do is highlight cells that contain both a date and time together, I would like it to ignore the time and highlight the cell if the date is equal to TODAY. For example: -\| A \| B \| 1 \| Option1 \| 06/17/2020 0800 \| 2 \| Option2 \| 06/17/2020 1500 \| 3 \| Option1 \| 06/18/2020 2300 \| 4 \| Option1 \| 06/20/2020 0800 \| I would want B1 and B2 highlighted if today was 06/17/2020. I tried a few different formulas in conditional formatting I found on Google, but with no luck. Thank you! A: Use a rule based on the following formula: =--(LEFT($B1,10))=TODAY() Apply to column B. Note that this assumes that the date portion is always in the format mm/dd/yyyy, i.e. it takes up the 10 left characters.
Chris Chaberski In a move that many thought would never, could never happen, Fox News has decided to cut ties with Bill O'Reilly, the network's biggest star for 21 years and host of the highest-rated show in cable news, 'The O'Reilly Factor.' The Senate has voted to confirm Judge Neil Gorsuch to the U.S. Supreme Court, taking the seat left vacant since Justice Antonin Scalia died in February 2016. Gorsuch, 49, will become the 113th justice to sit on the court.
Sterling Silver and Bronze Necklaces Designs by Sue Beatrice Made In New York Bronze Watch Parts Dragon Pendant sale Bronze Watch Parts Dragon Pendant 99.00125.00 Introducing "Gotham" my watch parts dragon. This piece is beautifully cast in bronze and hand finished to give it an antique patina. Gotham comes with an 18" satin cord with silver clasp, pouch and gift box. Available for immediate shipping! Made in the USA. Dimensions: 48mm tall with loop x 48mm wide. * If shipping outside of the USA, you will be responsible for any import duties and taxes required by your country.
/* JSDoc prettify.js theme / / plain text / .pln { color: #000000; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; } / string content / .str { color: hsl(104, 100%, 24%); font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; } / a keyword / .kwd { color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; } / a comment / .com { font-weight: normal; font-style: italic; } / a type name / .typ { color: #000000; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; } / a literal value / .lit { color: #006400; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; } / punctuation / .pun { color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; } / lisp open bracket / .opn { color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; } / lisp close bracket / .clo { color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; } / a markup tag name / .tag { color: #006400; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; } / a markup attribute name / .atn { color: #006400; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; } / a markup attribute value / .atv { color: #006400; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; } / a declaration / .dec { color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; } / a variable name / .var { color: #000000; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; } / a function name / .fun { color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; } / Specify class=linenums on a pre to get line numbering */ ol.linenums { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } code { font-family: $monospace; padding: 0 .5em; background: $theme-code; color: $theme-code-color; border-radius: 2px; } pre { padding: 1rem; overflow: auto; code { padding: 0; margin: 0; display: block; background: none; color: currentColor; border-radius: 0; } } @import "prettify";
Photo : @jamooreforsc15 ( Twitter ) FOX 24 Charleston, you done fucked up. During a news segment discussing 2019 Root 100 Honoree Jaime Harrison, who also just so happens to be running for U.S. Senate in South Carolina—he has our vote!—this happened: Yes, they flashed a mugshot while discussing the 44-year-old’s ongoing campaign but no, the woman in that mugshot—22-year-old Javondrea Shaidasha McLeod—isn’t Harrison. And to imply as much, accidentally or otherwise, has the potential to not only irreparably harm his campaign, but his standing as a reputable politician. Shout out to morning news anchor Jon Bruce for doing his part to sidestep that bullshit, but since FOX 24 is acutely unaware of exactly who Jaime Harrison is, allow me to do the honors. Shall we run down his resume? Here’s what we at The Root wrote about him after announcing his status as a 2019 Root 100 Honoree: Jamie Harrison is looking to make history once again. In 2013, the Yale University grad became the first African American to become the chairman of the Democratic Party in South Carolina. Prior to assuming leadership of his home state’s party, Harrison served as Rep. Jim Clyburn’s director of floor operations while the congressman was the Majority Whip. Harrison also worked as a lobbyist for the Podesta Group. Earlier this year, Harrison announced his candidacy for U.S. Senate from the Palmetto State. If he unseats Republican Sen. Lindsay Graham, Harrison would become the first Democrat to win statewide office in South Carolina since 2006. It’s a Herculean challenge but Harrison is ready to battle. And in 2016, Congressman James Clyburn, Majority Whip in the U.S. House of Representatives, co-signed Harrison’s inevitable ascension within the political ranks. “He has the experience, vision, and commitment to rebuild our party and to return us to victory on national, state, and local levels,” Clyburn wrote to members of the Democratic National Committee. “Jaime’s experiences have made him adept at connecting with people at all levels—from South Carolina fish fries and Maryland crab boils to the hallowed halls of our finest colleges and universities. Jaime is well regarded by many of my colleagues here and by Democrats from around the country.” But back to FOX 24 Charleston’s bullshit. Guy King, Harrison’s spokesman, provided the following statement to The Root: “It is shocking and deeply disturbing that a news organization would make this kind of error, which raises serious questions about their commitment to fair coverage, especially as Americans are marking Black History Month.” We also reached out to the Congressional Black Congress PAC for comment but they had yet to respond. In closing, I respectfully request—and expect—FOX 24 Charleston to do better. And the next time you provide updates on Harrison’s campaign, use a picture that accurately conveys his character and the caliber of candidate you’re reporting on instead of a fucking mugshot. Here are some options: Image : @JamieHarrisonSC ( Facebook ) Photo : Jaime Harrison ( JaimeHarrison.com ) Photo : Arturo Holmes ( Getty Images ) You’re welcome.
Show HN: Wikipedia over DNS - adtac https://wpodns.adtac.in/ ====== askmike Great start, but plain text in 2020? I propose we design a markup language so this can be parsed. How about DTML? And maybe some styling rules as well, we can call it DSS. And we can't forget a basic scripting language called DJS. I'll start working on the parser, we can call it a drowser. ~~~ hising I'll have to say that DTML seems to be a mess and missing the point and suggest we start working on XDTML. ~~~ ainar-g XDTML 2.0 you mean? XDTML 1.0 is merely a serialisation of DTML. With XDTML 2.0 in place, the real fun can start! ------ geocrasher A while back I showed how you could drop data into a server log file, and jokingly called it CurlyTP. I have thought many times about embedding a website directly into DNS. [https://miscdotgeek.com/curlytp-every-web-server-is-a- dead-d...](https://miscdotgeek.com/curlytp-every-web-server-is-a-dead-drop/) Anybody up for the challenge? With some scripting you could do a dig on a TXT record, parse it, and display it right in a web page. ~~~ 3xblah For some reasons I always had the idea of using HTTP headers and server logs to pass data. It can, e.g., be an alternative way of passing request/query input to a server, instead of using URLs or HTML forms. The server can read filtered input from a log file stored on RAM disk. I did the TXT record as HTML idea many years ago by modifying djb's dnstxt to output valid HTTP header. The idea was to use tinydns and dnscache as a "back- end" database to store millions of tiny "webpages". A true Rube Golberg machine. ------ ape4 $ dig dns.wpodns.adtac.in txt dns.wpodns.adtac.in. 3600 IN TXT "The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources..." ------ dang The opposite way from yesterday: [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22790425](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22790425) ~~~ aledalgrande I wouldn't say it's the opposite. It sounds the opposite from the title, but this actually returns Wikipedia content. The other one fetches a link to a site. ~~~ dang I just meant opposite in the most trivial sense: (reverse '("Wikipedia" "over" "DNS")) => ("DNS" "over" "Wikipedia") ~~~ shepherdjerred finally my lisp class has aided me in a real-life scenario ~~~ onionisafruit I never had a lisp class, so I'm sitting here wondering why there is one single quote. ~~~ dang Out of curiosity, did the sibling replies to your comment (all of which are accurate!) answer your question, in the sense that you now understand? ------ bobbiechen A few other implementations of "DNS as database": DNS-FS: [https://blog.benjojo.co.uk/post/dns-filesystem-true-cloud- st...](https://blog.benjojo.co.uk/post/dns-filesystem-true-cloud-storage- dnsfs) DNS as a config management database: [https://www.lastweekinaws.com/podcast/aws-morning- brief/whit...](https://www.lastweekinaws.com/podcast/aws-morning- brief/whiteboard-confessional-route-53-db/) "A globally-distributed, eventually-consistent, 100% available key-value store ;)" (I haven't actually tried running this code personally): [https://github.com/craftyphotons/ten34](https://github.com/craftyphotons/ten34) ------ tonymet this is great. DNS TXT records are under appreciated. It's a distributed key value store with distributed caching ~~~ caseyohara I had never thought of it that way. What is a practical use for using TXT records a distributed KV store? ~~~ tonymet distributed config. ------ k__ I love those! The most impressive one I saw, was IP over DNS. ~~~ willcipriano You may be talking about iodine: [https://code.kryo.se/iodine/](https://code.kryo.se/iodine/) You can host it yourself. ~~~ btrettel Unrelated comment: I like this sort of web design. Might just be nostalgia. It reminds me of web design circa 2001 or so. You can see many similar examples on OSWD, e.g.: [http://www.oswd.org/design/preview/id/9/](http://www.oswd.org/design/preview/id/9/) [http://www.oswd.org/design/preview/id/3/](http://www.oswd.org/design/preview/id/3/) [http://www.oswd.org/design/preview/id/6/](http://www.oswd.org/design/preview/id/6/) [http://www.oswd.org/design/preview/id/45/](http://www.oswd.org/design/preview/id/45/) ------ koolba Nice. Now let’s get Wireguard over DNS and be done with it. ~~~ qubex How about WireGuard over DNSSEC and call it a day? ------ jamieweb Would it be possible to support returning a larger excerpt of the article within a single TXT record? You should be able to get up to 64 KiB (minus a few bytes for headers, etc) within a TXT record. The lookup will have to use TCP though. ~~~ zamadatix Large single record seems to work fine testing from BIND via Windows nslookup as long as you obey the 255 character per line rule i.e. split strings "like" "this" at least every 255 characters. ------ tomcooks The other day, while I was messing with Letsencrypt TXTDNS auth I was wondering: Is there a problem with updating DNS TXT records too often? It could become an interesting way to create a "decentralized" microblogging network. ------ lAz2imOvV There are a few examples in rubydns code eg. [https://github.com/socketry/rubydns/blob/master/examples/wik...](https://github.com/socketry/rubydns/blob/master/examples/wikipedia- dns.rb) ------ brchn > Who knows, maybe we'll have DNS over Wikipedia over DNS one day. Looks like my weekend got more interesting ------ easrng1 I actually made this same thing recently: [https://github.com/easrng/wiki- pdns](https://github.com/easrng/wiki-pdns) ------ _threads That’s really cool ! A security teacher told me a long time ago about these possibilities and I love the concept, I love Wikipedia and I love plain text, so thanks a lot for this ! ------ parhamn Couldn’t this actually be useful in countries that block Wikipedia? ~~~ Arnavion Those countries would just block adtac.in recursively when they noticed. And if you decide to work around that by setting up more domains to do this, then you could just as well use those domains to front regular proxy servers. ------ totetsu Now do it for stack exchange sites :) dig how-do-i-block-edit-in-vim.wpodns.adtac.in txt ~~~ 0-_-0 I think you meant how-do-i-exit-vim.wpodns.adtac.in ~~~ totetsu :exec system("dig how-do-i-exit-vim.wpodns.adtac.in txt +short\| tr -d '\"'")
By Calum Marsh June 19, 2013 If you would like to see the most exciting films being produced in America today, the BAMcinemaFest makes it almost too easy to do so. Now in its fifth year, the festival—which assembles something like a greatest hits of independent cinema by cherry-picking the standouts from bigger festivals the world over—enjoys a clear curatorial advantage over its competitors: quality over quantity, a gamble which has proven effective. By keeping its offerings bold but slender, the festival suggests confidence in the value of each selection—and since former coups include success stories... More >>>
--- abstract: 'In this paper, we give a criterion on instability of an equilibrium of a nonlinear Caputo fractional differential system. More precisely, we prove that if the spectrum of the linearization has at least one eigenvalue in the sector $$\left\{\lambda\in{\mathbb{C}}\setminus\{0\}:\|\arg{(\lambda)}\|<\frac{\alpha \pi}{2}\right\},$$ where $\alpha\in (0,1)$ is the order of the fractional differential system, then the equilibrium of the nonlinear system is unstable.' author: - 'N.D. Cong[^1], T.S. Doan[^2], S. Siegmund[^3] [ ]{}and H.T. Tuan[^4]' title: \| An instability theorem for nonlinear\ fractional differential systems --- [**Key words:** fractional differential equations, qualitative theory, stability theory, instability condition]{} Introduction ============ In recent years, fractional differential equations have attracted increasing interest due to their many applications in various fields of science and engineering, see e.g., [@Oldham; @Samko]. One of the fundamental problems of the qualitative theory of fractional differential equations is stability theory. So far, there have been a number of publications on stability theory for different types of fractional systems, e.g., linear fractional differential equations [@Matignon_1996; @Bonilla; @Cermak13; @Kaminski], linear fractional difference equations [@Abu; @Cermak] and nonlinear fractional differential equations [@Ahmed; @Deng; @Agarwal; @Cong_3]. In this paper, we are interested in stability of the trivial solution of a nonlinear Caputo fractional differential system of order $\alpha$, $0<\alpha<1$, $$\label{IntroEq} ^{C\!}D_{0+}^\alpha x(t)=Ax(t)+f(x(t)),$$ where $t\geq 0$, $x\in {\mathbb{R}}^d$, $A\in{\mathbb{R}}^{d\times d}$ and $f:{\mathbb{R}}^d \rightarrow {\mathbb{R}}^d$ is continuous on ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ and Lipschitz continuous in a neighborhood of the origin, $f(0)=0$ and $\lim_{r\to 0} \ell_f(r)=0$, where $$\label{eqn.l_f} \ell_f(r):=\sup_{\substack{x,y\in B_{{\mathbb{R}}^d}(0,r)\\ x\neq y}}\frac{\\|f(x)-f(y)\\|}{\\|x-y\\|},$$ with $B_{{\mathbb{R}}^d}(0,r):=\big\{x\in{\mathbb{R}}^d: \\|x\\|\leq r\big\}$. Similarly as for ordinary differential equations, we would expect for fractional differential equations that if the linear system $$\label{LinearizationEq} ^{C\!}D_{0+}^\alpha x(t)=Ax(t),$$ is asymptotically stable (or unstable) then the trivial solution of the perturbed system is also asymptotically stable (or unstable, respectively), since these conclusions hold in the theory of ordinary differential equations, see e.g., [@Coddington Chapter 13]. In [@Cong_3], we give an affirmative answer in the case when the linear system is asymptotically stable by proving that the trivial solution of system is then also asymptotically stable. However, in the case that system is unstable, e.g., if $A$ has at least one eigenvalue $\lambda$ with its argument[^5] satisfying that $\|\arg(\lambda)\|<\frac{\alpha \pi}{2}$, the question whether the trivial solution of is unstable still remains open. Notice that in the scalar case, this question is part of a conjecture of J. Audounet, D. Matignon and G. Montseny [@Matignon Theorem 3, p. 81] which is stated as follows. The local stability of the equilibrium $x^{}=0$ of the nonlinear fractional differential system $^{C\!}D_{0+}^{\alpha} x(t) = f(x(t))$ is governed by the global stability of the linearized system near the equilibrium $^{C\!}D_{0+}^{\alpha} x(t) = \lambda x(t)$, where $\lambda = f'(0)\in {\mathbb{C}}$, namely: - $x^{}=0$ is locally asymptotically stable if $\|\arg(\lambda)\|>\frac{\alpha \pi}{2}$, - $x^{}=0$ is not locally stable if $\|\arg(\lambda)\|<\frac{\alpha \pi}{2}$. In this paper, we establish an instability theorem for the nonlinear Caputo fractional differential system when the linearization is unstable. As a consequence, we also prove statement (ii) of the conjecture above. The main ingredient in the proof is to construct a suitable Lyapunov–Perron operator and to show that a bounded solution of must be a fixed point of this operator. By constructing a suitable initial value for which the associated Lyapunov–Perron operator has no nontrivial fixed point, we show the existence of an unbounded solution which leads to the instability of the system. We note that [@LiMa13] claimed that they proved the conjecture above, but their paper contains serious flaws which make their construction as well as their proof incorrect; a discussion about their paper will be given in Remark \[discussion\] below. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 is a preparatory section where we present some basic notions from fractional calculus and give some basic properties of Mittag-Leffler functions. Section 3 is devoted to the main result of the paper in which we prove a theorem on instability of the trivial solution of the nonlinear Caputo fractional differential system . To conclude the introductory section, we fix some notation which will be used later. Let ${\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0}$ denote the set of all nonnegative real numbers. For $\alpha \in (0,1)$, we define $$\label{Sector} \Lambda_{\alpha}^u:=\left\{z\in{\mathbb{C}}\setminus\{0\}:\|\text{arg}(z)\|< \frac{\alpha \pi}{2}\right\}.$$ Let $(X,\\|\cdot\\|)$ be a Banach space. Denote by $C({\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0};X)$ the linear space of all continuous functions $\xi:{\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0}\rightarrow X$, and by $C_\infty({\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0};X)$ the linear space of all continuous functions $\xi:{\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0}\rightarrow X$ such that $$\\|\xi\\|_\infty:=\sup_{t\in {\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0}}\\|\xi(t)\\|<\infty.$$ Clearly, $(C_\infty({\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0};X),\\|\cdot\\|_\infty)$ is a Banach space. Preliminaries ============= Fractional differential equations --------------------------------- We briefly recall an abstract framework of fractional calculus. Let $\alpha>0$, $[a,b]\subset {\mathbb{R}}$ and $x:[a,b]\rightarrow {\mathbb{R}}$ be a measurable function such that $\int_a^b\|x(\tau)\|\;d\tau<\infty$. The Riemann–Liouville integral operator of order $\alpha$* is defined by $$(I_{a+}^{\alpha}x)(t):=\frac{1}{\Gamma(\alpha)}\int_a^t(t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}x(\tau)\;d\tau,$$ where $\Gamma(\cdot)$ is the Gamma function. The Caputo fractional derivative $^{C\!}D_{a+}^\alpha x$ of a function $x\in C^m([a,b])$ is defined by $$(^{C\!}D_{a+}^\alpha x)(t):=(I_{a+}^{m-\alpha}D^mx)(t),$$ where $D=\frac{d}{dt}$ is the usual derivative and $m:=\lceil\alpha\rceil$ is the smallest integer larger or equal to $\alpha$. The Caputo fractional derivative of a $d$-dimensional vector function $x(t)=(x_1(t),\dots,x_d(t))^{{\mathrm {T}}}$ is defined component-wise as $$(^{C\!}D_{a+}^\alpha x)(t):=(^{C\!}D_{a+}^\alpha x_1(t),\dots,^{C\!}D_{a+}^\alpha x_d(t))^{{\mathrm {T}}}.$$ We now recall the notions of stability of the trivial solution of the fractional differential equation , see also [@Kai Definition 7.2, p. 157]. Note that since $f$ is locally Lipschitz continuous, for any initial value $x_0\in{\mathbb{R}}^d$ in a neighborhood of 0, the equation has a unique solution, which we denote by $\varphi(\cdot,x_0)$, with its maximal interval of existence $I = [0,t_{max}(x_0))$, $0<t_{max}(x_0)\leq \infty$. \[DS\] The trivial solution of is called stable if for any $\varepsilon >0$ there exists $\delta=\delta(\varepsilon)>0$ such that for every $\\|x_0\\|<\delta$ we have $t_{max}(x_0) = \infty$ and $$\\|{\varphi}(t,x_0)\\|\leq {\varepsilon}\qquad\hbox{for } t\ge 0.$$ The trivial solution is called unstable if it is not stable. Mittag-Leffler function ----------------------- The Mittag-Leffler function is a generalization of the exponential function. Like the exponential function plays a very important role in the theory of ordinary differential equation, the Mittag-Leffler function is at the heart of the theory of fractional differential equations (see, e.g., [@Podlubny]). The Mittag-Leffler function is defined by the formula $$E_{\alpha,\beta}(z):=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{z^k}{\Gamma(\alpha k+\beta)},\qquad E_{\alpha}(z):=E_{\alpha,1}(z),$$ where $z\in {\mathbb{C}}$, $\alpha>0$, $\beta >0$. For a constant matrix $A$ the matrix-valued Mittag-Leffler function is defined by $$E_{\alpha,\beta}(A):=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{A^k}{\Gamma(\alpha k+\beta)},\qquad E_{\alpha}(A):=E_{\alpha,1}(A).$$ We present in this subsection some basic properties of Mittag-Leffler functions. These results are slight refinements of known results in the theory of Mittag-Leffler functions which are adapted to our case. To derive these estimates one uses the integral representation of Mittag-Leffler functions, see e.g., [@Podlubny]; we give only a sketch of the proof. \[Lemma3\] Let $\lambda\in\Lambda_\alpha^u$, where $\Lambda_\alpha^u$ is defined in . There exist a real number $t_0>0$ and a positive constant $m(\alpha,\lambda)$ such that the following estimates hold: $$\begin{aligned} \left\|E_\alpha(\lambda t^{\alpha})-\frac{1}{\alpha}\exp{(\lambda^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}t)}\right\|&\le \frac{m(\alpha,\lambda)}{t^{\alpha}},\\ \left\|t^{\alpha-1}E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\lambda t^{\alpha})-\frac{1}{\alpha}\lambda^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1 }\exp{(\lambda^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}t)}\right\|&\le \frac{m(\alpha,\lambda)}{t^{\alpha+1}},\end{aligned}$$ for every $t\geq t_0$. For a proof of this theorem one uses integral representations of Mittag-Leffler functions and estimates for the integrals similarly as in the proofs of Theorem 1.3 and Theorem 1.4 in [@Podlubny pp. 32–34]. \[Lemma4\] Let $\lambda\in\Lambda_\alpha^u$, where $\Lambda_\alpha^u$ is defined in . There exists a positive constant $K(\alpha,\lambda)$ such that the following estimates hold: $$\begin{aligned} &\int_t^\infty \left\|\lambda^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}E_\alpha(\lambda t^\alpha) \exp(-\lambda^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau)g(\tau)\right\|\;d\tau \leq K(\alpha,\lambda)\\|g\\|_\infty,\\ &\int_0^t\left\| \left((t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\lambda(t-\tau)^{\alpha})- \lambda^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}E_\alpha(\lambda t^\alpha)\exp(-\lambda^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau)\right)g(\tau)\right\|\;d\tau\\ &\hspace{6.5cm} \leq K(\alpha,\lambda)\\|g\\|_\infty,\end{aligned}$$ for all $t \ge 0$ and any function $g\in C_\infty({\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0};{\mathbb{C}})$. The proof of this lemma follows easily by using Lemma \[Lemma3\] and repeating arguments used in the proofs of Lemma 5 and Lemma 6 in [@Cong]. \[LimitLemma\] For any function $g\in C_\infty({\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0};{\mathbb{C}})$ and $\lambda\in\Lambda_{\alpha}^u$, we have the following limiting relations: $$\begin{aligned} \label{Eq4} \lim_{t\to\infty}&\int_0^t \notag (t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}\frac{E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\lambda(t-\tau)^\alpha)}{E_\alpha(\lambda t^\alpha)}g(\tau)\;d\tau\\ &\hspace{0.5cm}=\; \lambda^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}\int_0^\infty\exp(-\lambda^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau)g(\tau)\;d\tau.\end{aligned}$$ Use Lemma \[Lemma3\], Lemma \[Lemma4\], and arguments similar to that of the proof of Lemma 8 in [@Cong]. Instability of Fractional Differential Equations ================================================ We now state the main result of this paper about a criterion of instability of fractional differential equation. \[main result 1\] Consider the nonlinear fractional differential equation $$\label{mainEq} ^{C\!}D_{0+}^\alpha x(t)=Ax(t)+f(x(t)),$$ where $t\in {\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0}$, $x\in{\mathbb{R}}^d$, $A\in {\mathbb{R}}^{d\times d}$, and $f:{\mathbb{R}}^d \rightarrow {\mathbb{R}}^d$ is Lipschitz continuous on a neighborhood of the origin. Assume that the spectrum $\sigma(A)$ of $A$ satisfies $$\label{SpecCond} \sigma(A)\cap \Lambda_{\alpha}^u\ne \emptyset,$$ and $f$ satisfies $$\label{LipschitzCond} f(0)=0\quad\hbox{and}\quad\lim_{r\to 0} \ell_f(r)=0.$$ Then, the trivial solution of is unstable. For a proof of this theorem we follow the approach of [@Cong_3; @Cong_4]. Namely, first we transform the linear part to a simple form; then construct an appropriate Lyapunov–Perron operator which is a contraction and its fixed point is a solution of , and exploit the property of the Lyapunov–Perron operator to derive the conclusion of the theorem. To do this we need some preparatory steps, the details of which we now present. [Transformation of the linear part]{} Let $\sigma(A):=\{\hat\lambda_1,\dots, \hat\lambda_m\}$ denote the spectrum of $A$, i.e., $\hat\lambda_1,\dots,\hat\lambda_m \in {\mathbb{C}}$ is the collection of all the distinct eigenvalues of $A$. Let $T\in{\mathbb{C}}^{d\times d}$ be a nonsingular matrix transforming $A$ into its Jordan normal form, i.e., $$T^{-1}A T=\hbox{diag}(A_1,\dots,A_n),$$ where for $i=1,\dots,n$ the block $A_i$ is of the following form $$A_i=\lambda_i\, {\hbox{id}}_{d_i\times d_i}+\eta_i\, N_{d_i\times d_i},$$ where $\eta_i\in\{0,1\}$, $\lambda_i \in \sigma(A)$, and the nilpotent matrix $N_{d_i\times d_i}$ is given by $$N_{d_i\times d_i}:= \left( \begin{array}{7{c}} 0 & 1 & 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & \cdots & 0\\ \vdots &\vdots & \ddots & \ddots &\vdots\\ 0 & 0 &\cdots & 0 & 1 \\ 0& 0 &\cdots &0 & 0 \\ \end{array} \right)_{d_i \times d_i}.$$ Note that with this transformation we leave the field of real numbers and consider differential equations in the complex numbers. Only if all eigenvalues of $A$ are real, we remain in ${\mathbb{R}}$. For a general real-valued matrix $A$ we may simply embed ${\mathbb{R}}$ into ${\mathbb{C}}$, consider $A$ as a complex-valued matrix and thus get the above Jordan form for $A$. Alternatively, we may use a real-valued Jordan form (see [@Lancaster Chapter 6, p. 243]; for a discussion on similar issues for FDE see also [@Kai pp. 152–153]). For simplicity we use the embedding method and omit the discussion on how to return back to the field of real numbers. Note also that those techniques are well known in the theory of ordinary differential equations. Let $\gamma$ be an arbitrary but fixed positive number. Using the transformation $P_i:=\textup{diag}(1,\gamma,\dots,\gamma^{d_i-1})$, we obtain that $$P_i^{-1} A_i P_i=\lambda_i\, {\hbox{id}}_{d_i\times d_i}+\gamma_i\, N_{d_i\times d_i},$$ $\gamma_i\in \{0,\gamma\}$. Put $P:= \textup{diag}(P_1,\dots,P_n)$, then under the transformation $y:=(TP)^{-1}x$ system becomes (denoting the solution again by $x$ instead of $y$) $$\begin{aligned} \label{NewSystem} ^{C\!}D_{0+}^\alpha x(t)&=\hbox{diag}(J_1,\dots,J_n)x(t)+h(x(t)),\\ \notag &=Jx(t)+h(x(t)),\end{aligned}$$ where $J:=\text{diag}(J_1,\dots,J_n)$, $J_i:=\lambda_i {\hbox{id}}_{d_i\times d_i}$ for $i=1,\dots,n$ and the function $h$ is given by $$\label{Eq3} h(x):=\text{diag}(\gamma_1N_{d_1\times d_1},\dots,\gamma_nN_{d_n\times d_n})x+(TP)^{-1}f(TPx).$$ Note that $$\label{eqn.new-h} h(0)=0,\qquad \lim_{r\to 0}\ell_h (r)= \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \gamma & \hbox{if there exists } \gamma_i=\gamma,\\[1ex] 0 & \hbox{otherwise}. \end{array} \right.$$ Since the spectrum of $A$ satisfies the instability condition we can find at least one eigenvalue $\hat\lambda_i\in \Lambda_{\alpha}^u$. Without loss of generality, we can assume that $\hat\lambda_i\in\Lambda_{\alpha}^u$ for $i=1\ldots,k'$, $1 \leq k' \leq d$. Consequently, for simplicity of notation we can write in the form $$\label{NewSystem1} ^{C}D_{0+}^\alpha x(t)=\hbox{diag}(\mu_1,\dots,\mu_d)x(t)+h(x(t)),$$ where $h$ is defined by and $$\begin{aligned} \label{neweq.instability} \notag \mu_i &\in\sigma(A) = \{\hat\lambda_1,\ldots,\hat\lambda_m\}, \qquad i=1,\ldots,d,\\ \mu_i &\in\Lambda_{\alpha}^u,\qquad\hspace{3cm} i=1,\ldots,k,\\ \notag \mu_i &\in\sigma(A)\setminus \Lambda_{\alpha}^u, \qquad\hspace{1.8cm} i=k+1,\ldots,d.\end{aligned}$$ \[Remark2\] Since the transforming matrix $TP$ is constant, the type of stability of the trivial solution of equations and are the same, i.e., they are either both stable or both unstable. [Construction of an appropriate Lyapunov–Perron operator]{} We define a specific Lyapunov–Perron operator associated with the equation as follows. For any $\xi \in C_{\infty}({\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0};{\mathbb{C}}^d)$, the Lyapunov–Perron operator $\mathcal{T}: C_{\infty}({\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0};{\mathbb{C}}^d) \rightarrow C({\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0};{\mathbb{C}}^d)$ is defined by $$\label{eqn.LyaPer} \mathcal{T}\xi(t):= ((\mathcal{T}\xi)^1(t),\dots,(\mathcal{T}\xi)^d(t))^{{\mathrm {T}}}\qquad\hbox{for all}\quad t\in{\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0},$$ where for $i=1,\ldots,k$ we set $$\begin{aligned} \label{DefineT1} \notag (\mathcal{T}\xi)^i(t):=& \int_0^t (t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i(t-\tau)^\alpha )h^i(\xi(\tau))\;d\tau\\ &\hspace{0.5cm} -\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}E_\alpha(\mu_it^\alpha)\int_0^\infty \exp{\big(-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau\big)}h^i(\xi(\tau))\;d\tau,\end{aligned}$$ and for $i=k+1,\ldots,d$ we set $$\label{DefineT2} (\mathcal{T}\xi)^i(t):=\int_0^t (t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i(t-\tau)^\alpha)h^i(\xi(\tau))\;d\tau,$$ here $h(x) = (h^1(x),\ldots,h^d(x))^{{\mathrm {T}}}$ is the coordinate representation of the vector $h(x)$. Note that under an additional assumption that $\mu_i\not=0$ and $\|\mbox{arg}(\mu_i)\|\not=\frac{\alpha \pi}{2}$ for $i=1,\dots,d$, it is proved in [@Cong_4] that there exists a neighborhood of the trivial function in $C_{\infty}({\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0};{\mathbb{C}}^d)$ equipped with the sup norm such that the operator $\mathcal T$ is a contraction on this neighborhood. In this paper, it is only assumed that $\|\mbox{arg}(\mu_i)\|< \frac{\alpha \pi}{2}$ for $i=1,\dots,k$ and for $i=k+1,\dots,d$ either $\mu_i=0$ or $\|\mbox{arg}(\mu_i)\|\geq \frac{\alpha \pi}{2}$. Therefore, the operator $\mathcal T$ is in general not a contraction with respect to the sup norm. To see this, consider the case that $d=2, k=1$, $\mu_2=0$, $h(x):=(0,x_2^2)^{{\mathrm {T}}}$, then the operator $\mathcal T$ defined by has its second coordinate given by $$(\mathcal{T}\xi)^2(t):=\int_0^t (t-\tau)^{\alpha-1} h^2(\xi(\tau))\;d\tau,$$ hence, obviously, $\mathcal T$ as well as any of its restrictions to small balls around the origin in $C_{\infty}({\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0};{\mathbb{C}}^2)$ is not a contraction. In what follows, by introducing a suitable weighted norm $\\|\cdot\\|_w$ on $C_\infty({\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0};{\mathbb{C}}^d)$, we show that the Lyapunov–Perron operator $\mathcal T$ is contractive on a neighborhood of the trivial function. For $i=1,\ldots,k$, we write $\mu_i$ in the form: $$\mu_i=r_i(\cos {\varphi}_i+\iota \sin {\varphi}_i),$$ where $\iota$ denotes the imaginary unit, $r_i>0$ is the modulus and $-\frac{\alpha \pi}{2}<{\varphi}_i<\frac{\alpha \pi}{2}$ is the argument of the complex number $\mu_i\in \Lambda_\alpha^u$. Let $$\label{WeightFactor} w:=\frac{\min_{1\le i\le k}\big\{r_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\cos \frac{{\varphi}_i}{\alpha}\big\}}{3} >0,$$ and define a weighted norm-like function on $C({\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0};{\mathbb{C}}^d)$ by $$\\|\xi\\|_w:=\sup_{t\ge 0}\frac{\\|\xi(t)\\|}{\exp(w t)}.$$ It is easily seen that $\\|\cdot\\|_w$ has the three properties of a norm but it might take the value $+\infty$ on the space $C({\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0};{\mathbb{C}}^d)$. It is a norm on the space $C_\infty({\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0};{\mathbb{C}}^d)$ and $(C_\infty({\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0};{\mathbb{C}}^d), \\|\cdot\\|_w)$ is a Banach space. From and it follows that $h$ is Lipschitz continuous on a neighborhood of the origin. Hence, there exists $\widehat\varepsilon>0$ such that $\ell_h(r)<\infty$ for all $0<r<\widehat\varepsilon$, where $\ell_h(r)$ is defined according to . Using the notation $$B_{C_\infty}(0,\widehat\varepsilon):=\Big\{\xi\in C({\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0};{\mathbb{C}}^d):\left\|\|\xi\|\right\|_\infty\le \widehat\varepsilon\Big\},$$ the following proposition gives an estimate for the operator $\mathcal{T}$. \[Prp2\] Consider system . Then, there exists a positive constant $K(\alpha,A)$ depending on $\sigma(A)$ such that the following inequality holds $$\\|\mathcal {T}\xi-\mathcal{T}\hat{\xi}\\|_w \le K(\alpha,A)\; \ell_h (\max\{\\|\xi\\|_\infty,\\|\hat{\xi}\\|_\infty\})\\|\xi-\hat{\xi}\\|_w,$$ for all $\xi,\hat{\xi}\in B_{C_\infty}(0,\widehat\varepsilon)$. Let $\xi,\hat{\xi}\in C_\infty({\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0};{\mathbb{C}}^d)$ be arbitrary. For any index $i\in \{1,\ldots,k\}$ and any $t\geq 0$, from the definition of the operator $\mathcal{T}$, we have $$\begin{aligned} &\|(\mathcal{T}\xi)^i(t)-(\mathcal{T}\hat{\xi})^i(t)\|\\ &\hspace{1cm}\le \int_0^t \left\|(t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i(t-\tau)^\alpha)-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}E_\alpha(\mu_it^\alpha)\exp{\big(-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau\big)}\right\|\\ &\hspace{2.0cm}\cdot \|h^i(\xi(\tau))-h^i(\hat{\xi}(\tau))\|\;d\tau\\ &\hspace{1.5cm}+\int_t^\infty \left\|\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}E_\alpha(\mu_it^\alpha) \exp{\big(-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau\big)}\right\|\cdot \|h^i(\xi(\tau))-h^i(\hat{\xi}(\tau))\|\;d\tau.\end{aligned}$$ Hence, $$\begin{aligned} &\frac{\|(\mathcal{T}\xi)^i(t)-(\mathcal{T}\hat{\xi})^i(t)\|}{\exp(w t)}\\ &\hspace{1cm}\le \int_0^t \left\|(t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i(t-\tau)^\alpha)-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}E_\alpha(\mu_it^\alpha)\exp{\big(-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau\big)}\right\|\\ & \hspace{2.0cm}\cdot \ell_h(\max\{\\|\xi\\|_\infty,\\|\hat{\xi}\\|_\infty\})\frac{\\|\xi(\tau)-\hat{\xi}(\tau)\\|}{\exp(w \tau)}\;d\tau\\ &\hspace{1.5cm}+\int_t^\infty \left\|\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}E_\alpha(t^\alpha \mu_i) \exp{\big(-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau\big)}\right\|\exp{w (\tau-t)}\\ &\hspace{2.3cm}\cdot\ell_h(\max\{\\|\xi\\|_\infty,\\|\hat{\xi}\\|_\infty\})\frac{\\|\xi(\tau)-\hat{\xi}(\tau)\\|}{\exp(w \tau)}\;d\tau.\end{aligned}$$ Since $\mu_i\in\Lambda_{\alpha}^u$, according to Lemma \[Lemma4\], we can find a constant $K(\alpha,\mu_i)>0$ such that for all $t\geq 0$ $$\label{est_1} \int_0^t \left\|(t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i(t-\tau)^\alpha)-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}E_\alpha(\mu_it^\alpha)\exp{\big(-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau\big)}\right\|\,d\tau \leq K(\alpha,\mu_i).$$ Furthermore, by definition of $w$ as in and Lemma \[Lemma3\] there exist $t_0>0$ and $m(\alpha,\mu_i)>0$ such that for any $t \geq t_0$ we have $$\begin{aligned} \label{est_2} \notag & \int_t^\infty \left\|\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}E_\alpha(\mu_it^\alpha) \exp{(-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau)}\right\|\exp(w (\tau-t))\;d\tau\\ \notag & \le r_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}\int_t^\infty \left(\frac{\exp\big(r_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}t\cos\frac{{\varphi}_i}{\alpha}\big)}{\alpha}+\frac{m(\alpha,\mu_i)}{t_0^\alpha}\right) \|\exp{(-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau)}\| \exp(w (\tau-t))\;d\tau\\ &\le r_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}\left(\frac{1}{\alpha}+\frac{m(\alpha,\mu_i)}{t_0^\alpha}\right)\int_0^\infty \exp(-w \tau)\;d\tau,\end{aligned}$$ while for $0\le t\le t_0$ $$\begin{aligned} \label{est_3} \notag &\int_t^\infty \left\|\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}E_\alpha(\mu_it^\alpha) \exp{\big(-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau\big)}\right\|\exp(w (\tau-t))\;d\tau\\ &\hspace{1cm} \le r_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1} E_\alpha(r_i t_0^\alpha)\int_0^\infty \exp(-w \tau)\;d\tau.\end{aligned}$$ From , , and , for each $i=1,\ldots,k$, we can find a constant $\hat{K}(\alpha,\mu_i) > 0$ such that $$\\|(\mathcal {T}\xi)^i-(\mathcal{T}\hat{\xi})^i\\|_w \le \hat{K}(\alpha,\mu_i)\; \ell_h (\max\{\\|\xi\\|_\infty,\\|\hat{\xi}\\|_\infty\})\\|\xi-\hat{\xi}\\|_w.$$ Now for $i=k+1,\ldots,d$, using , we obtain for any $t\geq 0$ the estimate $$\begin{aligned} \frac{\|(\mathcal{T}\xi)^i(t)-(\mathcal{T}\hat{\xi})^i(t)\|}{\exp(w t)}\le &\int_0^t (t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}\|E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i (t-\tau)^\alpha)\|\exp(-w (t-\tau))\\ &\hspace{0.5cm} \cdot \ell_h(\max\{\\|\xi\\|_\infty,\\|\hat{\xi}\\|_\infty\})\frac{\|\xi(\tau)-\hat{\xi}(\tau)\|}{\exp(w \tau)}\;d\tau,\end{aligned}$$ which implies that $$\begin{aligned} \frac{\|(\mathcal{T}\xi)^i(t)-(\mathcal{T}\hat{\xi})^i(t)\|}{\exp(w t)}\le &\int_0^t \tau^{\alpha-1}\|E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i \tau^\alpha)\|\exp(-w \tau)\;d\tau\\ &\hspace{0.5cm} \cdot \ell_h(\max\{\\|\xi\\|_\infty,\\|\hat{\xi}\\|_\infty\})\\|\xi(\tau)-\hat{\xi}(\tau)\\|_w.\end{aligned}$$ Note that for $\mu_i\in\sigma(A)\setminus \Lambda_\alpha^u$, it is clear that $\|E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i t^\alpha)\|$ is bounded on ${\mathbb{R}}_{\ge 0}$, and thus $$\int_0^\infty \tau^{\alpha-1}\|E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i \tau^\alpha)\|\exp(-w \tau)\;d\tau<\infty.$$ Hence, for $i=k+1,\ldots, d$, the following inequalities hold $$\begin{aligned} & \\|(\mathcal {T}\xi)^i-(\mathcal{T}\hat{\xi})^i\\|_w\\ &\hspace{1.0cm} \le \int_0^\infty \tau^{\alpha-1}\|E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i \tau^\alpha)\|\exp(-w \tau)d\tau \cdot \ell_h (\max\{\\|\xi\\|_\infty,\\|\hat{\xi}\\|_\infty\})\\|\xi-\hat{\xi}\\|_w.\end{aligned}$$ Let $\hat{K}(\alpha,\Lambda_\alpha^u):=\max_{1\le i\le k}\hat{K}(\alpha,\mu_i)$ and $$K(\alpha,A):=\max\left\{\hat{K}(\alpha,\Lambda_\alpha^u),\max_{k+1\le i\le d}\int_0^\infty \tau^{\alpha-1}\|E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i \tau^\alpha)\|\exp(-w\tau)\;d\tau \right\},$$ then the proof is complete. From now on, we choose and fix the parameter $\gamma>0$ in the definition of the transformation $P$ above such that $\gamma<\frac{1}{2K(\alpha,A)}$. By this choice of $\gamma$ the systems and are completely specified. Due to , there exists a positive constant $\varepsilon$ such that $$\label{Eq7a} 0 < \varepsilon < \widehat\varepsilon, \qquad\hbox{and}\qquad K(\alpha,A)\;\ell_h (\varepsilon) \leq \frac{2}{3}.$$ By using and Proposition \[Prp2\], we obtain immediately the following property of $\mathcal T$. \[Lemma6\] For all $\xi,\hat{\xi}\in B_{C_\infty}(0,\varepsilon)$, where $\varepsilon$ is a positive number satisfying , we have $$\\|\mathcal{T}\xi-\mathcal{T}\hat{\xi}\\|_w \leq \frac{2}{3}\;\\|\xi-\widehat{\xi}\\|_w.$$ Due to Remark \[Remark2\], it is sufficient to prove the instability for the trivial solution of system . Assume to the contrary that the trivial solution of is stable. Let $\varepsilon>0$ satisfy and assume that the function $f$ is Lipschitz continuous on $B_{{\mathbb{C}}^d}(0,{\varepsilon})$. Choose $\delta=\delta(\varepsilon)>0$ such that for any $x_0\in B_{{\mathbb{C}}^d}(0,\delta)$ the solution ${\varphi}(\cdot,x_0)$ satisfies $\\|{\varphi}(t,x_0)\\|\le \varepsilon$ for every $t\ge 0$. Note that a vector $x\in {\mathbb{C}}^d$ can be written component-wise as $x=(x^1,x^2,\ldots,x^d)^{\rm T}$. Take and fix a vector $x_0=(x_0^1,\ldots,x_0^k,0,\ldots,0)^{\rm T}\in B_{{\mathbb{C}}^d}(0,\delta)\setminus\{0\}$. By the variation of constants formula for fractional differential equations (see [@Cong Theorem 1] and [@Kai Remark 7.1, pp. 135–136]), ${\varphi}(\cdot,x_0)$ is represented in the form $$\begin{aligned} {\varphi}(t,x_0)&=E_{\alpha}(t^{\alpha}\hbox{diag}(\mu_1,\dots,\mu_d))x_0\\ & \hspace{1.0cm}+\int_0^t (t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}E_{\alpha,\alpha}((t-\tau)^{\alpha}J)h ({\varphi}(\tau,x_0))\;d\tau\\ &=: ({\varphi}^1(t,x_0),{\varphi}^2(t,x_0), \ldots,{\varphi}^d(t,x_0))^{\rm T}.\end{aligned}$$ Therefore, writing this formula component-wise, for $i=1,\ldots,k$, we have $$\begin{aligned} {\varphi}^i(t,x_0)&=E_\alpha(\mu_it^\alpha)x_0^i+\int_0^t (t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i(t-\tau)^\alpha)h^i({\varphi}(\tau,x_0))\;d\tau\\ &=E_\alpha(\mu_it^\alpha)\left[x^i_0+\int_0^t \frac{(t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i(t-\tau)^\alpha)h^i({\varphi}(\tau,x_0))}{E_\alpha (\mu_it^\alpha)}\;d\tau\right]\end{aligned}$$ and for $i=k+1,\ldots, d$, we have $${\varphi}^i(t,x_0)=\int_0^t (t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i(t-\tau)^\alpha)h^i({\varphi}(\tau,x_0))\;d\tau.$$ By virtue of Lemma \[Lemma3\], $\lim_{t\to\infty}\|E_\alpha(\mu_i t^\alpha)\|=\infty$ for $i=1,\ldots, k$. Therefore, $\sup_{t\in{\mathbb{R}}_{\geq 0}}\\|{\varphi}(t,x_0)\\|\leq {\varepsilon}$ implies that for $i=1,\dots,k$ $$\begin{aligned} x_0^i &=& -\lim_{t\to\infty} \int_0^t \frac{(t-\tau)^{\alpha-1}E_{\alpha,\alpha}(\mu_i(t-\tau)^\alpha)h^i({\varphi}(\tau,x_0))}{E_\alpha (\mu_it^\alpha)}\;d\tau\\ &=& -\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}-1}\int_0^\infty \exp\big(-\mu_i^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}\tau)h^i({\varphi}(\tau,x_0))\;d\tau,\end{aligned}$$ where we use Lemma \[LimitLemma\] to have the preceding limit. Therefore, ${\varphi}(\cdot,x_0)$ is a fixed point of the operator $\mathcal{T}$, i.e., $\mathcal{T} {\varphi}(\cdot,x_0) = {\varphi}(\cdot,x_0)$. Obviously $\mathcal{T}0=0$, and both the function ${\varphi}(\cdot,x_0)$ and the trivial function $0$ belong to $B_{C_{\infty}}(0,\varepsilon)$. Therefore, by virtue of Proposition \[Lemma6\] we have $$\begin{aligned} \\|{\varphi}(\cdot,x_0)- 0\\|_w&= \\|\mathcal {T}{\varphi}(\cdot,x_0)-\mathcal{T}0\\|_w \le K(\alpha;A)\; \ell_h (\varepsilon)\\|{\varphi}(\cdot,x_0)- 0\\|_w\\ &\le \frac{2}{3}\;\\|{\varphi}(\cdot,x_0)-0\\|_w,\end{aligned}$$ which implies that ${\varphi}(t,x_0)=0$ for all $t\ge 0$. We arrive at a contraction because ${\varphi}(0,x_0)=x_0\ne 0$. Thus, the trivial solution of is unstable and the proof of the theorem is complete. \(i) We get the second part of the conjecture [@Matignon Theorem 3, p. 81] formulated in the beginning of this paper as a special case of Theorem \[main result 1\] when $d=1$. \(ii) Note that if the matrix $A$ is hyperbolic then the stability of the perturbed system can be determined by using the result of [@Cong_4]. If $A$ is not hyperbolic, i.e. $A$ has an eigenvalue $\lambda$ such that $\lambda=0$ or $\|\arg(\lambda)\|=\frac{\pi\alpha}{2}$, then our Theorem \[main result 1\] show the instability of provided that $\sigma(A)\cap \Lambda_\alpha^u\not= \emptyset$. Otherwise, in case $A$ is non-hyperbolic and $\sigma(A)\cap \Lambda_\alpha^u = \emptyset$ the stability type of the trivial solution of is undecided. For an example, we consider the following one-dimensional equation $$\label{ex_extr} ^{\!C}D^\alpha_{0+} x(t)=0.$$ The trivial solution of is stable. However, if we add the perturbation $x^2(t)$ to this equation, then the trivial solution of the perturbed equation $$^{\!C}D^\alpha_{0+} x(t)=x^2(t)$$ is unstable, see [@LiMa13 Lemma 2, p. 629]. On the other hand, for the perturbation $-x^3(t)$, the trivial solution of the perturbed equation $$^{\!C}D^\alpha_{0+} x(t)=-x^3(t)$$ is asymptotically stable, see [@Lam p. 550]. \[discussion\] As mentioned in the Introduction, Li and Ma claimed in [@LiMa13] that they proved the Audounet–Matignon–Montseny conjecture as a consequence of their Theorem 3 in [@LiMa13]. However, their paper contains flaws which make their proof incorrect. More precisely, Theorem 2 in [@LiMa13] concerning a construction of a fractional flow in the Caputo sense is false. For a simple counterexample consider the one-dimensional fractional system $$\begin{cases} ^{C\!}D_{0+}^\alpha x(t)=x(t),\qquad \alpha \in (0,1),\\ x(0)=x_0, \end{cases}$$ which can be solved explicitly and the solution is $x(t) = x_0 E_\alpha(t^\alpha)$ (see [@Kai Theorem 7.2, p. 135]). For this system, using the notation of [@LiMa13], for $s=1$ and $t > 0$ we have $$\begin{aligned} \theta_t\circ {\varphi}_1(x_0)&= x_0 + \frac{1}{\Gamma(\alpha)}\int_0^1(t+1-\tau)^{\alpha-1} E_\alpha(\tau^\alpha)x_0 d\tau\\ &=x_0\Big(1+\frac{1}{\Gamma(\alpha)}\int_0^1(t+1-\tau)^{\alpha-1} E_\alpha(\tau^\alpha)d\tau\Big).\end{aligned}$$ Hence $${\varphi}_t\circ \theta_t\circ {\varphi}_1(x_0) = x_0\Big(1+\frac{1}{\Gamma(\alpha)}\int_0^1(t+1-\tau)^{\alpha-1} E_\alpha(\tau^\alpha)d\tau\Big)E_\alpha(t^\alpha).$$ On the other hand, $${\varphi}_{t+1}(x_0) = x_0 E_\alpha\big((t+1)^\alpha\big).$$ Theorem 2 of [@LiMa13] asserts that ${\varphi}_{t+1}={\varphi}_t\circ \theta_t\circ {\varphi}_1$ which amounts to $$\begin{aligned} E_\alpha\big((t+1)^\alpha\big)&= \left(1+\frac{1}{\Gamma(\alpha)}\int_0^1(t+1-\tau)^{\alpha-1} E_\alpha(\tau^\alpha)d\tau\right)E_\alpha(t^\alpha).\end{aligned}$$ However this assertion is false, because by using the asymptotic behavior of the function $E_\alpha(\cdot)$ (see [@Podlubny Theorem 1.3] and Lemma \[Lemma3\] above), for $t>0$ big enough one easily gets $$\begin{aligned} E_\alpha\big((t+1)^\alpha\big)& >\left(1+\frac{E_\alpha(1)}{t^{1-\alpha}\Gamma(\alpha)}\right)E_\alpha(t^\alpha)\\ & >\Big(1+\frac{1}{\Gamma(\alpha)}\int_0^1(t+1-\tau)^{\alpha-1} E_\alpha(\tau^\alpha)d\tau\Big)E_\alpha(t^\alpha).\end{aligned}$$ Thus, Theorem 2 of [@LiMa13] is false. The construction of a fractional flow in the Caputo sense in [@LiMa13] is therefore invalid. Moreover, the proof of Theorem 3 of [@LiMa13] which relies on Theorem 2 of [@LiMa13] is incorrect. Acknowledgement {#acknowledgement .unnumbered} =============== The work of the first, second and fourth author is supported by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under Grant Number 101.03-2014.42. The third author is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through the Cluster of Excellence ’Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden’ (cfaed). The final part of this work was completed when the second and fourth author were visiting Vietnam Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics (VIASM). They would like to thank VIASM for financial support of this visit. [15]{} R. Abu-Saris and Q. Al-Mdallal. 16* (2013), no. 3, 613–629. E. Ahmed, A.M.A. El–Sayed and H.A.A. El–Saka. (2007), 542–553. R. Agarwal, D. O’Regan and S. Hristova. 60 (2015), no. 6, 653–676. J. Audounet, D. Matignon, G. Montseny. 73–82, B. Bonilla, M. Rivero and J.J. Trujillo. (2007), 68–78. J. Čermák, T. Kisela and L. Nechvátal. 219 (2013), no. 12, 7012–7022. J. Čermák, I. Győri and L. Nechvátal. On explicit stability conditions for a linear fractional difference system. [Fract. Calc. Appl. Anal.]{} 18 (2015), no. 3, 651–672. E.A. Coddington, N. Levinson. New York, 1955. N.D. Cong, T.S. Doan, S. Siegmund and H.T. Tuan. (2014), 157–168. N.D. Cong, T.S. Doan, S. Siegmund and H.T. Tuan. , No. 39 (2016), 1–13. N.D. Cong, T.S. Doan, S. Siegmund and H.T. Tuan. On stable manifolds for fractional differential equations in high dimensional spaces. 86 (2016), no. 3, 1885–1894. K. Diethelm. . W. Deng. 72 (2010), no 3-4, 1768–1777. J.Y. Kaminski, R. Shorten and E. Zeheb. 85 (2015), 95–-99. P. Lancaster and M. Tismenetsky. C. Li and Y. Ma. (2013), 621–633. D. Matignon. (1996), 963–968. K.B. Oldham and J. Spanier. I. Podlubny. . S.G. Samko, A.A. Kilbas and O.I. Maritchev. J. Shen, J. Lam. 50 (2014), 547–551. [^1]: Email: ndcong@math.ac.vn, Institute of Mathematics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam. [^2]: Email: dtson@math.ac.vn, Institute of Mathematics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam and Department of Mathematics, Hokkaido University, Japan. [^3]: Email: stefan.siegmund@tu-dresden.de, Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. [^4]: Email: httuan@math.ac.vn, Institute of Mathematics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam. [^5]: For a nonzero complex number $\lambda$, we define its argument to be in the interval $-\pi < \arg{(\lambda)}\leq \pi$.
Transmission matrix approaches for nonlinear fluorescence excitation through multiple scattering media. Several matrix approaches were developed to control light propagation through multiple scattering media under illumination of ultrashort pulses of light. These matrices can be recorded with either spectral or temporal resolution. Thanks to wavefront shaping, temporal and spatial refocusing has been demonstrated. In this Letter, we study how these different methods can be exploited to enhance a two-photon excitation fluorescence process. We first compare the different techniques on micrometer-size isolated fluorescent beads. We then demonstrate point-scanning imaging of these fluorescent microbeads located after a thick scattering medium at a depth where conventional imaging would be impossible because of scattering effects.
After 10 Years iPhone Is In 1 Billion Hands, Now Read This Interesting Journey Ten years ago, Apple company launched the first iPhone. Then nobody was convinced that this would prove to be a revolutionary product and change the lives of people. So far, more than one billion iPhones have been sold and Apple is the world’s most valuable company. One eye on the important things related to Apple’s ten-year journey – – Brian Merchant has written a book, ‘The One Device: The Secret History of the iPhone’. In this book, he has told how works are going in Apple. From the selection of raw materials to the grand launch of the product, such things have been told, from which the outer world was unaware so far. – What has already been discussed in the past. They are – Apple did not invent Multitouch Technology itself. Steve Jobs wanted that the screen of the iPhone be made of plastic rather than glass, and this idea came to him just before the launch. In the meanwhile, Merchant has written the about the Industrial Design Engineer Brian Huppi, who has served in Apple between 2012 and 2016, before the iPhone, the company had made the prototype of the flip phone. Apple was working on a variety of flip-phones. Later the idea of cell phone came and the iPhone was made. – Very few people know that the iPhone’s first user interface was made in Photoshop. From 1995 to 2016, Imran Chowdhury, who was Apple’s design director, prepared it with his designer partner base ordering. Seen the popularity of the design of the iPhone, it is said that this was a huge task that was built on basic Adobe software. Apple raised a team of 1000 engineers for this project. They were linked to a three-year mission, named ‘Project Purple 2’. The result of the strong mind and hard work of the same team was that the first iPhone was launched on June 29, 2007 in the world. The team created such a design which is almost the same even after a decade. – Even the smartphone market was not low in 2007. Companies like Nokia and Motorola were trying hard to woo ordinary customers, while BlackBerry, Ericsson, and Microsoft were on the eyes of corporate customers. In such a situation, Apple, instead of competing with anyone, caught its own path, on which the whole world is running today. Very few people know that Apple is not the first company to use touchscreen technology. This was done in Ericsson R380. But the first time the iPhone came with a physical keyboard or navigation panel. – After the launch of the iPhone, many people have neglected things. Like Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer said, ‘You can buy Motorola for $ 99. Apple’s phone is the most expensive today. I do not think it will be able to make any impact. ‘ Although Steve proved wrong.
Can Victory bounce back after a shock loss to the Jets? Can the Reds and Wanderers secure their first wins of the season? Round 4 has plenty in store. See all the important ins-and-outs for each club right here. Hyundai A-League 2015/16 Round 4 - Ins and Outs Friday, 30 October 2015 Melbourne City FC v Newcastle Jets AAMI Park, Melbourne Kick-Off: 7:40 PM (Local) (7:40 PM (AEDT)) Referee: Jarred Gillett Assistant Referee 1: Brad Hobson Assistant Referee 2: George Lakrindis Fourth Official: Lucien Laverdure TV Broadcast: Live coverage on FOX SPORTS 505from 7.00pm (AEDT), SBS TWO from 7:30pm AEDT and Sky Sport 2 (New Zealand) Radio Broadcast : 1233 ABC Newcastle, 774 ABC Melbourne, ABC Local Radio Victoria, Grandstand Digital, Online & via the ABC Radio Mobile App – A-league Live. SEN 1116 AM (Melbourne).Crocmedia A-League Live ( www.facebook.com/A-leagueLIVERadio ). Join the conversation on Twitter using the hash-tag #MCYvNEW To purchase tickets visit www.aleague.com.au/tickets Melbourne City FC squad : 1.Thomas SORENSEN (GK), 4.Connor CHAPMAN, 7.Corey GAMEIRO, 8.Aaron MOOY, 15.David WILLIAMS, 16.Jason TRIFIRO, 17.Wade DEKKER, 18.Paulo RETRE, 19.Benjamin GARUCCIO, 21.Stefan MAUK, 22.Jack CLISBY, 23.Bruno FORNAROLI, 24.Patrick KISNORBO (C), 25.Jacob MELLING, 28.Steve KUZMANOVSKI, 34.Stefan ZINNI, 36.Matt MILLAR, 50.Alexander PAVLIDIS (GK) *two to be omitted* Ins: 17.Wade DEKKER (promoted), 22.Jack CLISBY (returns from injury – quad) Outs: Nil Unavailable: 3. Aaron HUGHES (calf – 1 week), 5. Ivan FRANJIC (quad - 2-3 weeks), 9. Harry NOVILLO (hamstring – 1-2 weeks), 10. Robert KOREN (calf – 1 week), 11. Michael ZULLO (calf – 2-3 weeks), 14. James BROWN (foot – indefinite), 20. Tando VELAPHI (concussion – 1 week), 26. Marc MARINO (knee – 3 months) Newcastle Jets squad : 1.Mark BIRIGHITTI (Gk), 2.Daniel MULLEN, 3.Jason HOFFMAN, 4.Nigel BOOGAARD (C), 5.Ben KANTAROVSKI, 6.Cameron WATSON, 7.Enver ALIVODIC, 8.Mateo POLJAK, 9.Milos TRIFUNOVIC, 10.LEONARDO, 13.Lee KI-JE, 14.Mitch COOPER, 17.Radovan PAVICEVIC, 20.Ben KENNEDY (Gk), 22.Lachlan JACKSON, 23.David CARNEY, 24.Nicholas COWBURN, 25.Brandon LUNDY *two to be omitted* Ins: 1.Mark BIRIGHITTI (Gk) (returns from injury), 13.Lee KI-JE (returns from injury), 25.Brandon LUNDY (promoted) Outs: 40.Blake TUXFORD (Gk) (omitted) Unavailable: 11.Labinot HALITI (knee – season) Saturday, 31 October 2015 Central Coast Mariners v Sydney FC Central Coast Stadium, Gosford Kick-Off: 5:15 PM (Local) (5:15 PM (AEDT)) Referee: Adam Fielding Assistant Referee 1: Ryan Gallagher Assistant Referee 2: James Tesoriero Fourth Official: Kris Griffiths-Jones TV Broadcast: Live coverage on FOX SPORTS 505 from 5.00pm (AEDT) and Sky Sport 2 (New Zealand) Radio Broadcast : 702 ABC Sydney, 92.5 ABC Central Coast & ABC Local Radio NSW, Grandstand Digital, Online & via the ABC Radio Mobile App – A-league Live. Coast FM 96.3 (Central Coast) Join the conversation on Twitter using the hash-tag #CCMvSYD To purchase tickets visit www.aleague.com.au/tickets Central Coast Mariners squad : 1.Paul IZZO (gk), 2.Storm ROUX, 3.Josh ROSE, 4.Jacob POSCOLIERO, 5.Harry ASCROFT, 6.Mitch AUSTIN, 7.Fabio FERREIRA, 8.Nick MONTGOMERY (C), 9.Roy O’DONOVAN, 10.Anthony CACERES, 11.Nick FITZGERALD, 14.Daniel HEFFERNAN, 16.Liam ROSE, 20.Anthony KALIK, 21.Michael NEILL, 22.Jake McGING, 23.Eddy BOSNAR, 30.Adam PEARCE (GK) *two to be omitted* Ins: 4.Jacob POSCOLIERO (return from injury), 20.Anthony KALIK (promoted), 23. Eddy BOSNAR (return from injury), Outs: 18.Glen TRIFIRO (back injury - 1 week) Unavailable: Nil Sydney FC squad : 1.Vedran JANJETOVIC (gk), 2.Seb RYALL, 3.Alex GERSBACH, 5.Matt JURMAN, 7.Andrew HOOLE, 8.Milos DIMITRIJEVIC, 9.Shane SMELTZ, 10.Milos NINKOVIC, 11.Christopher NAUMOFF, 13.Brandon O’NEILL, 14.Alex BROSQUE (c), 18.Matt SIMON, 19.Jacques FATY, 20.Ivan NECEVSKI (gk), 21.Filip HOLOSKO, 23.Rhyan GRANT, 24.George BLACKWOOD, 27.Mickael TAVARES *two to be omitted* Ins: 11.Christopher NAUMOFF (promoted), 24.George BLACKWOOD (promoted) Outs: nil Unavailable: 22.Ali ABBAS (Knee – indefinite) Saturday, 31 October 2015 Brisbane Roar FC v Adelaide United Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane Kick-Off: 6:30 PM (Local) (7:30 PM (AEDT)) Referee: Chris Beath Assistant Referee 1: Nathan MacDonald Assistant Referee 2: Andrew Lindsay Fourth Official: Alan Milliner TV Broadcast: Live coverage on FOX SPORTS 505 from 7.00pm (AEDT) and Sky Sport 2 (New Zealand) Radio Broadcast: 612 ABC Brisbane 891 Adelaide & ABC Local Radio Qld, ABC Local Radio SA, Grandstand Digital & Online & via the ABC Radio Mobile App – A-league Live. Join the conversation on Twitter using the hash-tag #BRIvADL To purchase tickets visit www.aleague.com.au/tickets Brisbane Roar FC squad : 3.Shane STEFANUTTO, 5.Corey BROWN, 6.Jerome POLENZ, 7.CORONA, 8.Steven LUSTICA, 9.Jamie MACLAREN, 13.Jade NORTH, 14.Daniel BOWLES, 16.Devante CLUT, 17.Matt McKAY (c), 19.Jack HINGERT, 20.Shannon BRADY, 21.Jamie YOUNG (gk), 22.Thomas BROICH, 23.Dimitri PETRATOS, 28.Brandon BORRELLO, 32.George LAMBADARIDIS, 36.Andre JANNESE (gk) *two to be omitted* Ins: 3.Shane STEFANUTTO (return from injury), 20.Shannon BRADY (promoted). Outs: Nil Unavailable: 1.Michael THEO (gk) (quad strain, 1 week), 10.HENRIQUE (knee, 2 weeks), 33.Luke DE VERE (quad, 4 weeks). Adelaide United squad: 2.Michael MARRONE, 4.Dylan McGOWAN, 5.Osama MALIK, 7.PABLO SANCHEZ, 8.ISAIAS, 9.Sergio CIRIO, 10.Marcelo CARRUSCA (c), 11.Bruce DJITE, 12.Mark OCHIENG, 14.George MELLS, 15.Ben WARLAND, 16.Craig GOODWIN, 17.Mate DUGANDZIC, 18.Jimmy JEGGO, 20.John HALL (gk), 21.Tarek ELRICH, 28.Antoni TRIMBOLI, 30.John SOLARI (gk) *two to be omitted* Ins : 11.Bruce DJITE (return from injury), 12.Mark OCHIENG (promoted) Outs : Nil Unavailable : 1.Eugene GALEKOVIC (knee – 4 weeks), 4.Iacopo LA ROCCA (foot – 3 weeks ), 19.Eli BABALJ (foot - 5 weeks) Sunday, 1 November 2015 Western Sydney Wanderers FC v Perth Glory Pirtek Stadium, Parramatta Kick-Off: 5:00 PM (Local) (5:00 PM (AEDT)) Referee: Matthew Conger Assistant Referee 1: Allyson Flynn Assistant Referee 2: Lance Greenshields Fourth Official: Katie Patterson TV Broadcast: Live coverage on FOX SPORTS 505 from 5.00pm (AEDT) and Sky Sport 2 (New Zealand) Radio Broadcast: 702 ABC Sydney, 720 ABC Perth & ABC Local Radio NSW, ABC Local Radio WA, Grandstand Digital, Online & via the ABC Radio Mobile App – A-league Live. Join the conversation on Twitter using the hash-tag #WSWvPER To purchase tickets visit www.aleague.com.au/tickets Western Sydney Wanderers FC squad: 1.Dean BOUZANIS (GK), 3.Scott JAMIESON, 4.Nikolai TOPOR-STANLEY (c), 5.Brendan HAMILL, 6.Mitch NICHOLS, 8.DIMAS, 9.Federico PIOVACCARI, 10.Dario VIDOSIC, 11.Brendon SANTALAB, 12.Scott NEVILLE, 15.Kearyn BACCUS, 16.Jaushua SOTIRIO, 17.ALBERTO, 18.ANDREU, 19.Mark BRIDGE, 20.Andrew REDMAYNE (GK), 21.Jacob PEPPER One to be omitted Ins: 11.Brendon SANTALAB (promoted), 15.Kearyn BACCUS (promoted) Outs: 7.Romeo CASTELEN (hamstring – 2 weeks) Unavailable: 2.Shannon COLE (groin – 1 week) Perth Glory squad: 1.Ante COVIC (gk), 2.Alex Grant, 3.Marc WARREN, 5.Antony GOLEC, 6.Dino DJULBIC, 7.Gyorgy SANDOR, 10.Nebojsa MARINKOVIC, 11.Richard GARCIA (c),12.Jerrad TYSON (gk), 13.Diogo FERREIRA, 14.Chris HAROLD, 16.Sidnei SCIOLA, 17.Diego CASTRO, 18.Mitch OXBORROW, 19.Josh RISDON, 20.Guyon FERNANDEZ 23.Michael THWAITE 24.Jamal REINERS. *Two to be omitted* Ins: 5.Antony GOLEC (promoted), 24.Jamal REINERS (promoted), Outs: nil Unavailable: Ruben ZADKOVICH (knee – indefinite) Monday, 2 November 2015 Melbourne Victory v Wellington Phoenix Etihad Stadium, Melbourne Kick-Off: 7:30 PM (Local) (7:30 PM (AEDT)) Referee : Shaun Evans Assistant Referee 1 : Luke Brennan Assistant Referee 2 : Wilson Brown Fourth Official : Jonathan Barreiro TV Broadcast: Live coverage on FOX SPORTS 505from 7.00pm (AEDT) and Sky Sport 2 (New Zealand) Radio Broadcast: 774 ABC Melbourne, ABC Local Radio Vic, Grandstand Digital & via the ABC Radio Mobile App – A-league Live. SEN (Melbourne) Join the conversation on Twitter using the hash-tag #MVCvWEL To purchase tickets visit www.aleague.com.au/tickets Melbourne Victory squad: 1.Danny VUKOVIC, (GK), 2.Jason GERIA, 3.Scott GALLOWAY, 5.Daniel GEORGIEVSKI, 6.Leigh BROXHAM, 7.Gui FINKLER, 8.Besart BERISHA, 9.Kosta BARBAROUSES, 11.Connor PAIN, 13.Oliver BOZANIC, 14.Fahid BEN KHALFALLAH, 16.Rashid MAHAZI, 17.Matthieu DELPIERRE, 18.Dylan MURNANE, 20.Lawrence THOMAS (GK), 21.Carl VALERI (C), 22.Jesse MAKAROUNAS, 24.Thomas DENG *Two to be omitted* Ins: 2.Jason GERIA (promoted), 3.Scott GALLOWAY (promoted) Outs: Nil Unavailable: 4.Nick ANSELL (injured), 10.Arche THOMPSON (injured) Wellington Phoenix squad : 1.Glen MOSS (GK), 2.Manny MUSCAT, 3.Justin GULLEY, 4.Roly BONEVACIA, 5.Troy DANASKOS, 7.Jeffrey SARPONG, 8.Alex RODRIGUEZ, 10.Michael MCGLINCHEY, 12.Blake Powell, 13.Albert RIERA, 16.Louis FENTON, 17.Vince LIA, 18.Ben SIGMUND, 19.Tom DOYLE, 20.Lewis ITALIANO (GK), 21, Roy KRISHNA, 22.Andrew DURANTE (c), 23.Matthew RIDENTON. *two to be omitted* Ins: 5.Troy DANASKOS (promoted), 22.Andrew DURANTE (returns from injury), 23.Matthew RIDENTON (promoted). Outs: 11.Kwabena APPIAH (omitted). Unavailable : Nil.
Q: Python populate a docx table with DocxTemplate I read this documentation on python-docx-template but I'm pretty confused on the table section. Let's say I have a docx template called Template.docx. Inside the docx file i have a table that only has headers for it's title. How can I use python-docx-template to dynamically populate the table (add rows and values)? A: In general, you unlease the power of jinja2 with python-docx-template. Filling individual variables Imagine you make a template.docx file with a table: table 1 table 2 {{some_content1}} {{some_content2}} Then you can fill it using from docxtpl import DocxTemplate import jinja2 doc = DocxTemplate("template.docx") context = { 'some_content1' : "test", "some_content_2": "other"} # Where the magic happens doc.render(context) doc.save("generated_doc.docx") If you have the data available as a pd.DataFrame then you can also generate the context dictionary. For example: import itertools context = {} for row, col in itertools.product(df.index, df.columns): context[f'{row}_{col}'] = df.loc[row, col] Dynamic table You can also generate tables dynamically, which I guess you maybe don't want to do (if you are talking about specifying "table headers" in the docx). It's worth looking into though. Use this template with this example from the git tests: from docxtpl import DocxTemplate tpl = DocxTemplate('templates/dynamic_table_tpl.docx') context = { 'col_labels' : ['fruit', 'vegetable', 'stone', 'thing'], 'tbl_contents': [ {'label': 'yellow', 'cols': ['banana', 'capsicum', 'pyrite', 'taxi']}, {'label': 'red', 'cols': ['apple', 'tomato', 'cinnabar', 'doubledecker']}, {'label': 'green', 'cols': ['guava', 'cucumber', 'aventurine', 'card']}, ] } tpl.render(context) tpl.save('output/dynamic_table.docx')
Whenever I meet a stranger in New Orleans, one of the first questions I’m asked is where I’m from. It’s a loaded question, and I tend to answer it warily because I have a loaded answer: New York City. It tends to elicit raised eyebrows because there is a general perception in New Orleans today that the city is being swarmed, occupied, and rendered unrecognizable by New Yorkers (and, to a slightly lesser extent, Angelenos). Anecdotal evidence would include a surge in fawning depictions of the city in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and New York magazine; a handful of popular restaurants opening recently by former New Yorkers; and, most significantly, the doubling and even tripling of property values in neighborhoods desirable to transplants, such as Bywater, Faubourg Treme, and St. Roch, forcing out longtime residents, particularly working-class African-Americans. The city’s population is undergoing a rapid expansion. Since Hurricane Katrina it has more than doubled from its lowest point of 158,353, to 378,715. (The population remains lower than the pre-Katrina figure of 452,170, and significantly lower than its peak, reached in 1960, of 627,525.) Last year Forbes ranked New Orleans the fastest-growing city in the United States. But the new citizens are not, despite appearances, New Yorkers. A recent poll found that the highest proportion of the recent arrivals had moved from Mississippi, followed by Texas and Georgia. A study by the Kaiser Foundation found that only one in nine New Orleanians had not lived in the city prior to Katrina, meaning that about 80 percent of the increase comes from the return of former residents displaced by the storm. The new New Orleanians have arrived in two phases. The first were city planners, environmentalists, educators, social workers, civil rights activists, and criminal justice reformers who came to help the city rebuild after Katrina. In a recent essay,1 widely circulated locally, the Tulane geographer Richard Campanella calculated that this group numbered in the low- to mid-four digits, and largely left the city after three or four years, when funding ran out.2 Campanella writes that in 2010, the year I moved to the city, a second wave of transplants began arriving, enticed by the relatively robust regional economy compared to the rest of the nation. These newcomers were greater in number (I estimate 15,000–20,000 and continuing), more specially skilled, and serious about planting domestic and economic roots here. Some today are new-media entrepreneurs; others work with Teach for America or within the highly charter-ized public school system (infused recently with a billion federal dollars), or in the booming tax-incentivized Louisiana film industry and other cultural-economy niches. The second-wavers tend to have been drawn by cultural and financial motivations, seeking opportunities that were unavailable in more expensive cities. Far from showing ignorance of local customs,…
Q: "Method must have a return type" on a class constructor Riddle me this, Batman. The section of my code is public class SurveyDbModel { // name of connection string for database that private static readonly string _ConnStrName = "LocalDb"; private SqlConnection Conn; public SurveyModelDb ( ) { this.Conn = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[SurveyDbModel._ConnStrName].ConnectionString); } } and the Visual Studio error is pointing to SurveyModelDb. I can't tell what I'm doing wrong because my synatx seems to match the example on MSDN, public class Taxi { public bool isInitialized; public Taxi() { isInitialized = true; } } A: Your constructor method name needs to match your class name, otherwise the compiler thinks it's a regular method and so needs a return type. Eg. public class SurveyDbModel { // name of connection string for database that private static readonly string _ConnStrName = "LocalDb"; private SqlConnection Conn; public SurveyDbModel ( ) { this.Conn = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[SurveyDbModel._ConnStrName].ConnectionString); } } A: the constructor name SurveyModelDb is not matching with the class name SurveyDbModel..
Drop the anchor at Sydney Harbour’s waterfront bars Soak up the sun and spectacular harbour at this Sydney local’s favourite at Watson’s Bay. It’s no secret, so get in there early for a table with a view. The menu is Mediterranean inspired – think whitebait fritti, clam spaghetti and pork ragu, or just ‘settle’ for a buckets of prawns with a glass of prosecco or craft beer. Kids meals are free on Sundays between 5pm and 7pm, if you’re so inclined to let them go with you that is. Take a short stroll to the fully netted 50 metre ocean pool to get your laps in. Merivale’s Justin Hemmes has really set the standard for Sydney’s food and beverage scene. It’s not just about the menu, its about embracing the local scene and understanding what a venue requires to wow the crowd. Merivale’s Manly offering – Papi Chulo is the perfect example. While not exactly on the waterfront, this East Sydney favourite in Double Bay is only a stone’s throw from the waters edge. There’s a space for everyone at The Sheaf, with a massive beer garden out back, neatly named The Garden, The Canopy, The Terrace, Soda (the classic cocktail bar) and the Public Bar for when you want to join the local Rooster fans on game night. The menu offers pub favourites – pizzas, burgers and steaks off the grill. And our suggestion, if you were going to drink Pimms anywhere, then Double Bay is definitely the place to. Balmain… So many pubs… It’s really hard to make a clear choice when offered with so many options, however, when one of them just happens to be right on the water, it makes the choice just that little bit easier. The Dry Dock hotel is like a pair of old slippers. A bit worn around the edges but oh so comfortable. There’s no pretension here. Staff are lovely and attentive, your canine friends are welcome, there’s sport playing everywhere and the beers are cold and reasonably priced.
Compressed gas guns, such as paintball markers used in the sport of paintball, using compressed gas or air for firing projectiles are well known. As used herein, the term “compressed gas gun” refers to any gun or similar launching mechanism for use in sport wherein a projectile is fired via the force of compressed gas, and includes paintball markers. As used herein, the term “projectiles” refers to both paintballs and other projectiles used in sport and game-play. There are a few basic mechanisms employed in compressed gas guns for firing a projectile during a firing operation. A compressed gas gun generally includes an interior portion including passages for receiving the operating parts of the gun. These passages are often provided as generally cylindrical openings. Loading a projectile into the breech of a compressed gas gun involves a bolt having a bolt passage therethrough that reciprocates from a loading position, allowing a projectile into the breech to a firing position. A valve system is employed to release compressed gas from a source of compressed gas to fire the projectile from the gun. The valve system generally utilizes a hammer or ram that moves under spring force or pneumatic force upon actuation of a trigger to strike the stem of a poppet or Nelson-style valve to allow compressed gas from a compressed gas chamber to flow through the valve body. The compressed gas flows through the opened valve body and through a passage in the bolt, thereby firing a projectile in the breech of the paintball marker from the chamber and down the barrel. While other types of valve systems are employed, generally, most involve directing compressed gas under pressure to fire a projectile from the compressed gas gun. In many cases, compressed gas guns utilize a hammer, striker, or ram arrangement to actuate a poppet-type or valve as the firing valve, i.e., as the valve that releases compressed gas from a compressed gas source to fire a projectile from the gun. A prior art valve 10 is shown in a closed position in FIGS. 1A and 1B. This type of prior art valve, or a Nelson-style valve, or generally similar variations, have been used in paintball markers (guns) sold under, for example, the brand names INDIAN CREEK DESIGNS, TIPPMANN and BT. Similar valve arrangement, in various orientations, are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,936,282 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,257,614. A valve spring 14 is provided, biasing the seat 16 or cup seal of the valve 10 to a closed position. A stem or pin 24 that is attached to the seat 16 or cup seal extends out the rear end of the valve 10. In known compressed gas guns, a spring biased hammer 12 is provided, retained in a cocked or ready position by a sear 18 that pivots to engage a portion of the hammer 12. A schematic representation of such a compressed gas gun operation is shown in FIG. 1A and the valve is shown in greater detail in FIG. 1B. Actuation of a trigger 20 (such as by pulling) disengages the sear 18 from the hammer 12, allowing the hammer 12 to spring forward under the bias force of a hammer spring 22, to contact the stem 24 of the valve 10. When the hammer 12 contacts the stem 24, the seat 16 moves away from the valve body, opening the valve 10, and allowing compressed gas to flow through the opening in the valve body. These types of compressed gas guns move the hammer back to the loading or start position by “blow back,” i.e., some of the air from a high pressure chamber returns the hammer to the cocked or loading position, thus “blowing” the hammer back to the starting position. As can be appreciated, if pressure inside the valve body increases, there is more force pushing against the valve seat or cup seal. The compressed gas within the valve body exerts a force on the effective surface area of the seat or cup seal 16, which exerts a force toward the valve pin or stem 24, thereby tending to keep the valve closed. Thus, a greater force is needed to move the seat or cup seal away from the valve opening to actuate the valve. This mechanism has drawbacks. For example, it requires a heavy hammer propelled forward by a heavy hammer spring. A heavier hammer and hammer spring is needed to overcome the combined force of the compressed gas on the effective surface area of the valve seat or cup seal, combined with the biasing force of the valve spring. In turn, more energy is absorbed from the moving hammer when it hits the valve pin, and more force is required to open the valve. This reduces the amount of time the valve poppet is open. As can be further appreciated, the force of the valve spring must be strong to return the seat of the poppet valve to a closed position. Moreover, the force of the hammer spring moving the hammer must be strong enough overcome the valve spring. This arrangement creates inefficiencies and wastes compressed gas. Accordingly, there remains a need for a valve utilizing a lighter hammer and a lighter main spring in order to reduce the reciprocating mass inside the paintball marker, reduce the weight of the trigger pull, and reduce the force with which the marker chambers a paintball, all while maintaining a stable velocity over a wide range of input pressures.
jonyungk - Motifake.com user http://www.motifake.com/atom.phpmotifake.comhttp://www.motifake.com/admin@motifake.com2018-02-17T23:45:32-05:00PUNCTUATION - Rating: 4.5/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1605022012-11-05T14:16:19-05:002012-11-05T14:16:19-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=160502"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1211/punctuation-battleship-gun-fire-cannon-grammar-demotivational-posters-1352142925.jpeg"></a><br>An effective way to end a sentence or emphasize a statement.YOU ASKED - Rating: 3.8/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1584882012-08-31T12:39:56-04:002012-08-31T12:39:56-04:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=158488"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1208/you-asked-bacon-coffee-torani-syrup-demotivational-posters-1346431177.jpg"></a><br>You were saying about bacon flavored coffeeBE DIPLOMATIC - Rating: 4.9/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1579662012-08-15T19:27:25-04:002012-08-15T19:27:25-04:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=157966"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1208/diplomatic-dog-rock-attack-diplomacy-demotivational-posters-1345073224.jpg"></a><br>Diplomacy is the art of saying Nice doggie until you can find a rock.<br>Will RogersCOFFEE BREAK - Rating: 4.3/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1455092011-12-15T17:07:36-05:002011-12-15T17:07:36-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=145509"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1112/coffee-break-christmas-santa-reindeer-jet-demotivational-posters-1323986844.jpg"></a><br>Even on Christmas Eve youve got to take a break sometime.SMOKED FISH - Rating: 4.5/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1454732011-12-14T23:40:49-05:002011-12-14T23:40:49-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=145473"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1112/smoked-fish-animal-fish-zoo-smoking-cigarette-demotivational-posters-1323924040.jpg"></a><br>Now with nicotine. Yum.LUNCH - Rating: 4.5/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1454722011-12-14T23:38:33-05:002011-12-14T23:38:33-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=145472"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1112/lunch-food-environment-pollution-animal-man-demotivational-posters-1323923902.jpg"></a><br>Another way we can impact the environment in a negative way.DDAY - Rating: 4.2/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1453972011-12-13T09:07:28-05:002011-12-13T09:07:28-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=145397"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1112/d-day-ww2-starwars-d-day-military-demotivational-posters-1323785226.jpg"></a><br>Little did we know how tough it would really be.A CHRISTMAS CAROL - Rating: 3.6/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1453852011-12-13T00:59:31-05:002011-12-13T00:59:31-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=145385"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1112/a-christmas-carol-scrooge-christmas-greed-demotivational-posters-1323755921.jpg"></a><br>Once a warning about losing the Christms spirit.<br>Now one of the seasons biggest cash cows.<br>Which for many capitalists is still in the spirit of the season.STARBUCKS GOES GREEN - Rating: 4.4/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1451582011-12-06T23:38:26-05:002011-12-06T23:38:26-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=145158"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1112/starbucks-goes-green-coffee-starbucks-environment-green-demotivational-posters-1323232686.jpg"></a><br>Forget the cup. Take your caffeine direct.FUTILITY - Rating: 4.8/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1451292011-12-06T14:28:05-05:002011-12-06T14:28:05-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=145129"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1112/futility-coffee-work-caffeine-office-demotivational-posters-1323199670.jpg"></a><br>All the caffeine in Columbia will not make you into a morning person.OPERA - Rating: 4.5/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1451112011-12-05T21:55:25-05:002011-12-05T21:55:25-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=145111"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1112/opera-music-animals-opera-demotivational-posters-1323140111.png"></a><br>Its not just for people anymore.COWABUNGA - Rating: 4.4/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1451102011-12-05T21:52:52-05:002011-12-05T21:52:52-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=145110"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1112/cowabunga-military-sports-waterskiing-airplane-demotivational-posters-1323139945.png"></a><br>For either the most seriously committed<br>or the most likely to be committed. Take your pick.BAD DOG - Rating: 2.6/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1449362011-12-02T00:33:13-05:002011-12-02T00:33:13-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144936"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1112/bad-dog-dog-animal-poop-food-dinner-demotivational-posters-1322803974.jpg"></a><br>Its whats for dinner.WHEN PIGS FLY - Rating: 4.5/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1448702011-11-30T08:53:24-05:002011-11-30T08:53:24-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144870"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/when-pigs-fly-dog-animal-fly-beagle-demotivational-posters-1322661187.jpg"></a><br>Well how about beaglesSANTA DELIVERS - Rating: 4.7/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1446542011-11-26T06:46:49-05:002011-11-26T06:46:49-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144654"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/santa-delivers-santa-christmas-military-gun-army-demotivational-posters-1322307983.jpg"></a><br>Being naughty can get you more than a lump of coal this year.THE HOLY BIBLE - Rating: 4.1/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1444822011-11-23T09:38:06-05:002011-11-23T09:38:06-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144482"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/the-holy-bible-christian-bible-life-shaw-believe-demotivational-posters-1322059057.jpg"></a><br>No man ever believes that the Bible means what it says<br>He is always convinced that it says what he means.<br>George Bernard ShawBLACK FRIDAY - Rating: 3/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1444812011-11-23T09:09:42-05:002011-11-23T09:09:42-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144481"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/black-friday-christmas-greed-capitalism-shopping-demotivational-posters-1322057369.jpg"></a><br>There is a tide in the affairs of men Which taken at the flood<br>leads on to fortune.... On such a full sea are we now afloat. And we must<br>take the current when it serves or lose our ventures.POPULATION CONTROL - Rating: 4.7/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1444652011-11-22T23:25:57-05:002011-11-22T23:25:57-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144465"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/population-control-population-dog-cat-culture-people-demotivational-posters-1322022345.jpg"></a><br>Thats one way to do it.KACHING - Rating: 5/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1444612011-11-22T23:01:22-05:002011-11-22T23:01:22-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144461"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/ka-ching-christmas-holiday-greed-money-demotivational-posters-1322020871.jpg"></a><br>The other true reason for the Christmas season.CATCH - Rating: 4.4/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1444402011-11-22T16:36:27-05:002011-11-22T16:36:27-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144440"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/catch-animal-tiger-demotivational-posters-1321997775.jpg"></a><br>Kitty just got a lot more playful.SUPPORT BACTERIA - Rating: 4.3/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1444272011-11-22T14:53:02-05:002011-11-22T14:53:02-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144427"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/support-bacteria-bacteria-culture-demotivational-posters-1321991568.jpg"></a><br>Its the only culture some people know.HAPPINESS - Rating: 3.9/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1444242011-11-22T12:42:47-05:002011-11-22T12:42:47-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144424"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/happiness-military-gun-dog-navy-demotivational-posters-1321983751.jpg"></a><br>is a dog and a warm gun.DEER HUNTING - Rating: 4.2/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1444222011-11-22T11:15:41-05:002011-11-22T11:15:41-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144422"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/deer-hunting-animal-gun-hunting-rifle-nra-demotivational-posters-1321978474.jpg"></a><br>Need I say moreTHANKSGIVING - Rating: 4.6/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1444172011-11-22T10:55:44-05:002011-11-22T10:55:44-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144417"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/thanksgiving-thanksgiving-holiday-bride-turkey-gun-demotivational-posters-1321977328.png"></a><br>Either she wanted her turkey really fresh<br>or her husbandtobe had better watch his step.WISHFUL IGNORANCE - Rating: 4.8/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1444002011-11-21T23:33:19-05:002011-11-21T23:33:19-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144400"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/wishful-ignorance-opera-ignorance-classical-music-language-demotivational-posters-1321936382.jpg"></a><br>I dont mind what language an opera is sung in<br>so long as it is a language I dont understand.<br>Sir Edward AppletonSTRAVINSKY - Rating: 3.4/5tag:motifake.com,2007-01-01:1441012011-11-18T01:01:47-05:002011-11-18T01:01:47-05:00<a href="http://www.motifake.com/index.php?start=144101"><img src="http://www.motifake.com/image/demotivational-poster/1111/stravinsky-classical-music-stravinsky-demotivational-posters-1321596094.jpg"></a><br>His music used to be original. Now its aboriginal. Sir Ernest Newman<br>My music is best understood by children and animals. Igor Stravinsky
Today In Syria: The Regime’s Supporters BSyria, a protestor and blogger, explains how the regime manages to get crowds to come out in its favor despite such brutality: [N]one of the regime tactics to force people out onto the street are fool proof. (I don’t think it is difficult for people to sneak out of rallies unnoticed.) However, Syria is still a country ruled by fear. In the early days of uprising, enthusiastic media declared that people are no longer afraid. That is not accurate. What has changed is people’s willingness to challenge this fear, but it is still there. I know of pro-democracy persons who joined pro-regime rallies to dispel suspicions that they are anti-regime. So, yes, the regime has supporters. But many of the people you see in a pro-regime rally are not there completely of their own accord. Meanwhile, the opposition [NYT] is meeting with the British government while the latter sponsors a UN resolution condemning the crackdown, prompting an Assad minion to accuse Britain of waging "political and media and diplomatic war" on Syria. In more international pressure news, Erdogan himself – for the first time – called directly for Assad's resignation. Stephen Starr takes a look at the impacts of sanctions and domestic strikes on the Syrian economy. This video from Homs shows how much damage is being done to Syrian cities by Assad's crackdown: This protest in Idlib seems almost carnival-like: Finally, this video captures Samer Abel Mihsen's dying breaths after being shot by the army on the 19th:
Smile! You’re at the best WordPress.com site ever Main menu Post navigation Superpower of Compassion Oh no not again….. Superpower with ability to appear and disappear at will. Danger of becoming ‘hollow man’, a pest with all kinds of perversion. I am rather happy to be a seen man striving hard to subdue all the criminal thoughts that may arise from time to time and be help to fellow human beings without being a superpower. Actually this whole business of having some super natural power is so fascinating that we fall for it time and again. Our imaginations run wild as we always see ourselves as a good soul trying to help the world, diffusing crisis after crisis, almost becoming GOD. Danger is if we get that power then most of us will become more horrible then the greatest SATAN we ever imagine. Would it not be extremely fascinating if we could play GOD building and destroying lives at will. Being able to observe everything seen and unseen, with everyone in awe and shock. In reality if we have that kind of power then most women will be uncomfortable in the privacy of their own home. Security agencies will be in a tizzy on how to safeguard each and every citizen in the world. Even my Atheist friends will also not mind playing GOD or SATAN with that kind of power. Science is taking giant steps and especially war science is trying to make camouflage so realistic that in very near future it will be extremely difficult to spot soldiers. Sooner or later that technology is going to go into the hands of the terrorists and then we will have a major problem in hand when the enemy of the humanity will have the power to appear and disappear at will. I wish I have the power of compassion and have the superpower of filling it in the hearts of all those who are devoid of it. Let us make this world a wonderful place to live rather then become a superpower.
Totalbhakti Guru Pujya Sudhanshu Ji Videohttp://www.totalbhakti.com/videoCategory.php Totalbhakti is the best place to one with great guru pravchan and their bhajanen-us Pravachan Part-78 by Sudhanshuji Maharaj.http://www.totalbhakti.com/myvideo-hindu-religion.php?vId=17569
[Recent injuries of finger flexor tendons in children]. Fifty children had been treated for recent injuries to the flexor tendons. In them, 98 lesions, of which half were at the palm or the wrist and the other half in areas I or II of the fingers. All the divided tendons were primarily repaired, using a combination of a frame suture and two casting sutures. The results seemed to be better when post-operative mobilisation using Kleinert's technique was used. The overall results were better than those obtained in adults. The indications for secondary tenolysis were infrequent when primary suture was correctly made and spontaneous improvement was noted for up to a year.
Unfortunate that we dropped Rohit's chance on Day 1 Linde PTI April 04, 2020 01:05 IST By Tapan Mohanta Ranchi, Oct 20 (PTI) South Africa's debutant left-arm spinner George Linde on Saturday said it was unfortunate that they failed to latch onto the chance given by Indian opener Rohit Sharma, whose maiden double century put the hosts on a driver's seat in the third Test. Rohit scored 212 and Ajinkya Rahane contributed 115 as India declared their first innings at 497 for 9. South Africa are 9 for 2 at close of play. "Those catches they stick or they don't. Unfortunately, it wasn't our way, it was Rohit's. He played well, so well done to him," the rookie spinner said, referring to the catch that Zubayr Hamza dropped at forward short leg off his bowling when the opener was batting on 28. "He (Rohit) played well. He gave us that one chance, it wasn't easy and after that he didn't give a chance," Linde said. The 27-year-old, who was part of the touring South Africa A side to India last month, was alled up to replace the injured Keshav Maharaj. Linde has impressed for his domestic team Cape Cobras with 160 wickets in first-class cricket to date, at an eye-catching average of 24.05, as well as scoring 1497 runs at 25.81. But it's been a hard toil for Linde, who said he was a bit nervous to debut at such a short notice. "It's been lessons to be honest. Also I didn't expect to play Test cricket. This year I didn't expect to come back to play the Test series. So when I got the call-up, I was quite nervous," Linde said. "Luckily, I had a few days to just settle. And today few lessons learnt especially at the end." On a day dominated by the Indian batsmen, Linde was the pick of South African bowlers with 4/133 from his 31 overs and he was the one who terminated Rahane's sublime innings on 115. "Obviously, consistency is very important. Today, I was a lot better on the off side," he said. Linde was heavily strapped in his legs and he said: "It's because I have been diving on it for about three times, so it's protected." South Africa once have frittered away a good start and Linde said they would stay positive to force a comeback. "Obviously, it was a bad start. It's not the way we wanted it to go but tomorrow is another day. We were positive. Guys were smiling in the dressing room, so we are ready for tomorrow. We are not going to sit back and relax, we are going to go forward and try to take the challenge on," he concluded. PTI TAP KHS KHSKHS (This story has not been edited by THE WEEK and is auto-generated from PTI)
Shortly you will receive an email, which you need to validate in order to complete your registration process. Then you can enjoy all the benefits of forming part of fcbarcelona.com and being a Barça Fan! You have [$USER_DIFFTIME$] days left to validate your account and complete the registration process Barça internationals 1x1 With club football about to resume, we take a look back at how the different players got on in this week’s World Cup qualifiers and friendlies Ter Stegen:The FC Barcelona keeper was a huge hit when he played all 90 minutes of Germany’s friendly with England, which doubled as a farewell to Lukas Podolski, who scored the only goal of the game. But despite the glowing praise for his clean sheet in Dortmund, Ter Stegen wasn’t used in the World Cup qualifier, Bernd Leno getting the nod instead, which ended in a 4-1 victory over Azerbaijan. Denis Suárez: The Spain U21 team had a couple of warm-up matches for the European Championships in Poland, and in the first Denis Suárez came off the bench to score in a 3-1 over Denmark, He also played all 90 minutes of an impressive 2-1 win over Italy in Rome. Neymar Jr: The Brazilian scored in back-to-back wins for Brazil that ensure that the five-time champions are the first team to ensure qualification for the 2018 World Cup. The Barça star scored a magnificent chipped goal and also gave an assist in the 4-1 win in Uruguay and was wearing the captain’s armband when he added one of the three goals against Paraguay that confirmed next summer’s trip to Russia – an absolutely stunning coast-to-coast run down the left before tucking away in style. Luis Suárez: It wasn’t a great week for Uruguay, who lost both their games, but the charruas have still held on to one of the top four places that offer direct berths in the finals. Suárez sat out the defeat in Brazil through suspension, but was back for the game in Peru and involved in the build-up to the opening goal. But Uruguay ended up losing 2-1 in Lima. Leo Messi: The striker scored the only goal of the game against Chile, a fifteenth minute penalty, but missed the second fixture in Bolivia as he served the first of a four-match suspension. That game ended in a 2-0 win for the home side in the altitude of La Paz, and it means that as things stand (with four match days left) Argentina would be going into a playoff against the winners of the Oceania zone. Javier Mascherano:‘El Jefecito’ played all 90 minutes of the game with Chile and was involved in the build-up to the move that ended in Argentina’s penalty, assisting Di Maria from the edge of the area. But he’d end up getting booked therefore suspended for the game in Bolivia, so he returned to Barcelona earlier than expected. Arda Turan: Captained Turkey to an important 2-0 win over Finland to keep their World Cup qualification hopes alive. They’re third at the half-way point in Group I – two points behind Iceland. A groin problem meant that Arda sat out Monday’s friendly with Moldova. Ivan Rakitic: The midfielder played a key role in a win against Ukraine to put his team in a strong position in Group I. Rakitic provided the assist for the solitary goal in the game and was substituted after 79 minutes. He returned to Barcelona without playing a part in his team’s friendly in Estonia. Jordi Alba:The left back was one of the prominent players in Spain’s 4-1 win against Israel, and provided the assist for the first goal after 90 minutes. He also set up former Barça colleague Gerard Deulofeu’s goal to seal a 2-0 win in Paris, shortly before being replaced by Nacho Fernandez four minutes from the end. Gerard Piqué: The centre back also featured in the whole of the win against Israel in Gijón and the friendly victory in Paris. Sergio Busquets: Just as he is under Luis Enrique, the Catalan is an automatic first choice starter for Spain boss Julen Lopetegui. He was on for all 180 minutes of Spain’s two wins this week and produced a sublime piece of skill in the build-up to Gerard Deulofeu’s late goal. Andrés Iniesta: Was on for the first 70 minutes of the game with Israel and was widely acclaimed for his performance. If anything, he was even better against France, coming close to scoring on two occasions as he dazzled going forward before being relieved after 56 minutes by Thiago Alcantara. André Gomes: Played 86 minutes of a crucial 3-0 defeat of Hungary that keeps Portugal well in contention for at least a playoff place, although Switzerland currently lead their group by three points. The European champions followed that up with 3-2 defeat in a friendly with Sweden, although Gomes was only on for the last eleven minutes of that one. Jasper Cillessen: Although many were suspecting that Cillessen might be the man for the job, it was Jeroen Zoet who played in goal as Holland tumbled to 2-0 defeat in Bulgaria – a result that leaves their qualification chances hanging on a knife-edge and cost manager Danny Blind his job. The Barça keeper was also an unused substitute in the 2-1 defeat to Italy. Samuel Umtiti: France march on in Group A with a 3-1 win over Luxembourg and Umtiti featuring in all 90 minutes of the game. The defender was also on for the full stretch as Les Bleus lost 2-0 at home to Spain, this time in a friendly.
Screaming babies in public places are a fact of life. Red-faced toddlers (not to mention their red-faced parents) can be spotted everywhere from subway cars to the doctor's office. But one Pennsylvania restaurant has banned young children, sending a clear message to parents: Take your tots and their tantrums elsewhere. poll McDain's Restaurant and Golf Center in Monroeville, Pa., is no longer allowing kids under 6, MSNBC reports. The new policy, meant to shield the restaurant's clientele from crying children, will take effect July 16. "We feel that McDain's is not a place for young children," owner Mike Vuick said in an e-mail to customers. "Their volume can't be controlled and many, many times, they have disturbed other customers." Mr. Vuick added that the new rule comes after years of complaints, and described parents who dine out with kids as "impolite and selfish." Although some patrons say they support Mr. Vuick's decision, others have complained. "I can't believe this. I am offended. This is just an ignorant policy," said Stephanie Kelley, mother of a 13-month-old boy. "If they're so concerned about noise, what do they plan to do about the loud people at the bar?" But other moms say they support the ban. "I have no problem with restaurants choosing to ban children under a certain age, particularly if they are aiming to create a quiet ambience," said Nicole Christen, 32, author of CanadianMomBlogger.com and mother of three young children. "When my husband and I go out for a meal on a date night, we usually request not to be seated near any children so we can have a break from little voices." Ms. Christen added that she brings her children to family-friendly restaurants, where patrons expect an element of noise.
Prof. Franklin Wabwoba with PhD Student in France Dr. Ndenga K. M. after successfully defending his PhD Computer Science thesis poses for a photo with his supervisors and member of host family in France. Starting from left Prof. Akdag (supervisor from University of Paris 8), Mrs Ivyvan (host family member), Dr. Ndenga (formerly Mr. Ndenga) and Prof. Wabwoba (supervisor from Kibabii University)
Places to visit in Kerala - Poovar 18 km south of Kovalam, Poovar is located at the Neyyar estuary. It is a typical Kerala virgin countryside with a lovely beach nudging the palm-fringed Poovar river. You can witness a rare natural phenomenon in Poovar, that of lake, river, sea and beach meeting the land. The charm of serene backwaters and long stretch of golden sand beach will be difficult to resist for a real nature enthusiast.
Elizabeth Banks Elizabeth Banks (born Elizabeth Irene Mitchell; February 10, 1974) is an American actress, director, writer, and producer. She is best known for starring as Effie Trinket in The Hunger Games film series (2012–2015) and as Gail Abernathy-McKadden in the Pitch Perfect film series (2012–2017). Banks made her directorial film debut with Pitch Perfect 2 (2015), whose $69 million opening-weekend gross set a record for a first-time director. She also directed, wrote, produced, and starred in the action comedy film Charlie's Angels (2019). Banks made her film debut in the low-budget independent film Surrender Dorothy (1998). She starred in the films Wet Hot American Summer (2001), Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy (2002–2007), Seabiscuit (2003), The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Slither (2006), Zack and Miri Make a Porno (2008), Role Models (2008), The Next Three Days (2010), Man on a Ledge (2012), What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012), The Lego Movie (2014), Love & Mercy (2014), Magic Mike XXL (2015), Power Rangers (2017), The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part (2019), and Brightburn (2019). On television, Banks had a recurring role as Avery Jessup on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock, which earned her two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. She also had recurring roles on the comedy series Scrubs and Modern Family, the latter of which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. Banks starred in the Netflix miniseries Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp (2015) and Wet Hot American Summer: Ten Years Later (2017). As of 2019, she hosts a revival of the 1980s game show Press Your Luck on ABC. Early life Banks was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and grew up on Brown Street, the eldest of four children of Ann (née Wallace) and Mark P. Mitchell. Her father, a Vietnam veteran, was a factory worker for General Electric and her mother worked in a bank. She has said that she grew up "Irish + WASP + Catholic." Growing up, Banks played baseball and rode horses. She was in Little League when she broke her leg sliding into third base. She then tried out for the school play, which was her start in acting. She graduated from Pittsfield High School in 1992, and is a member of the Massachusetts Junior Classical League. She attended the University of Pennsylvania, where she was a member of the Delta Delta Delta Sorority and was elected to the Friars Senior Society. She graduated magna cum laude in 1996 with a major in communications and a minor in theater arts. In 1998, she completed schooling at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco, California, where she earned an MFA degree. Career 1998–2005: Early career and breakthrough Banks changed her name upon joining the Screen Actors Guild, as actress Elizabeth Mitchell was already registered in the union under that name. After auditioning in New York, she was offered a role on the soap opera Santa Barbara. Taking the role would have required her to quit her education at the American Conservatory Theatre, and Banks ultimately decided to forgo the offer due to having taken out student loans to complete her degree. She made her acting debut in the 1998 independent film Surrender Dorothy, as Elizabeth Casey, and appeared in various films over the next seven years including Wet Hot American Summer (2001), Swept Away (2002), and Seabiscuit (2003). In 2002, Banks set up her own production company called Brownstone Productions with her future husband, Max Handelman. Banks gained more prominent widespread exposure with her role in the 2005 comedy film The 40-Year-Old Virgin. In August 2005, at the Williamstown Theatre Festival, Banks starred in William Inge's Bus Stop as Cherie, the sexy blonde aspiring nightclub singer. Jeffrey Borak wrote that Banks' portrayal was acted "with poise, clarity and a shrewd feel for Cherie's complexities. Her performance is all of a piece and in harmony, stylistically, with the performances around her." In 2005, she appeared on the series Stella, and in May 2006, she had a role in the season five finale of the NBC sitcom Scrubs as Dr. Kim Briggs, the love interest of J.D. (Zach Braff). Banks appeared throughout seasons six, seven, and eight as a recurring guest star. 2006–2014: Further success and recognition In 2006, Banks appeared in the American football drama film Invincible, in which she played Mark Wahlberg's love interest. Later, she and co-star Wahlberg were nominated for the "Best Kiss" award at the MTV Movie Awards. That same year, she landed the starring role in the comedy-horror film Slither. In 2007, Banks played the female lead in the comedy film Meet Bill, alongside Aaron Eckhart and Jessica Alba. That same year, she had a small role as Santa's little helper, Charlyne, in the Christmas comedy film Fred Claus, co-starring Vince Vaughn and Paul Giamatti. In 2008, she played the ex-wife and mother of the daughter of Ryan Reynolds lead in the comedy film Definitely, Maybe, alongside Isla Fisher and Ryan Reynolds, starred with Seth Rogen as the eponymous female lead in the Kevin Smith comedy Zack and Miri Make a Porno, and played United States First Lady Laura Bush in W., Oliver Stone's biopic of George W. Bush. In 2009, Banks appeared in the horror film The Uninvited, a remake of the South Korean film A Tale of Two Sisters. The film was about an intrusive stepmother who makes life miserable for the teen daughters of her new husband. Banks based her character, Rachel, on Rebecca De Mornay's character in The Hand That Rocks the Cradle. "It was very important to me that every line reading I gave could be interpreted two ways," says Banks of her role, "So that when you go back through the movie you can see that". Banks is a frequent co-star of actor Paul Rudd, the two having appeared in five films together to date (Wet Hot American Summer, The Baxter, The 40-Year-Old Virgin, Role Models, and Our Idiot Brother). She is also a frequent co-star of actor Tobey Maguire, the two having also appeared in five films together (Spider-Man, Seabiscuit, Spider-Man 2, Spider-Man 3, and The Details). Banks was cast as a love interest for Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) in the fourth season of the Emmy Award-winning sitcom 30 Rock. Intended to appear in four episodes in 2010, Banks went on to become a recurring character with 13 appearances by the end of the fifth season, including her marriage in the episode Mrs. Donaghy. Her performance in season five earned her a nomination for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards. In 2012, Banks starred in the romantic comedy film What to Expect When You're Expecting and the action film Man on a Ledge. She also starred as Gail Abernathy-McKadden in the musical comedy film Pitch Perfect, which became a critical and commercial success. Banks starred in the science fiction adventure film The Hunger Games (2012), playing Effie Trinket, a woman from "The Capitol" who escorts the District 12 tributes to the annual Hunger Games. She went on to reprise the role in the sequel films The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013), The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 (2014), and The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2 (2015). Banks co-starred in the 2014 movie Every Secret Thing, playing Detective Nancy Porter investigating the disappearance of a young child with similarities to a case she had previously been involved with. In 2014, Banks was recognized by Elle Magazine during The Women in Hollywood Awards, honoring women for their outstanding achievements in film, spanning all aspects of the motion picture industry, including acting, directing, and producing. 2015–present: Directorial debut and continued success After producing and starring in the film Pitch Perfect, Banks directed its sequel, Pitch Perfect 2 (2015), making her feature directorial debut. She also co-produced and starred in both Pitch Perfect 2 and the next sequel, Pitch Perfect 3 (2017). Banks portrayed Melinda Ledbetter Wilson, the wife of Brian Wilson, in the 2015 biopic Love & Mercy, which is based on the life of the legendary musician and founding member of The Beach Boys, as portrayed by John Cusack. In 2015, she was named as a member of the Jury for the Main Competition at the 2015 Venice Film Festival. The festival is chaired by Alfonso Cuarón. Also in 2015, Banks became a spokeswoman for Realtor.com in their series of television commercials. As of mid-February 2016, Banks became the commercial face of Old Navy. She also played space alien Rita Repulsa in the 2017 Power Rangers reboot film. In 2018, Banks co-starred as Jenny in the comedy film The Happytime Murders, alongside Melissa McCarthy and Maya Rudolph. In 2019, she reprised her starring role as Lucy / Wyldstyle in the animated comedy film The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part. She then starred as Tori Breyer in the superhero horror film Brightburn. On May 2, 2019, ABC announced Banks as the host of the summer 2019 revival of the game show Press Your Luck, which she also executive produces. Banks directed, produced, wrote, and starred as Bosley in the action comedy film Charlie's Angels, which was released in November 2019. She will also appear in the FX miniseries Mrs. America as Jill Ruckelshaus. Personal life Banks met her husband, Max Handelman, a sportswriter and producer from Portland, Oregon, on her first day of college on September 7, 1992. They were married in 2003. The couple have two sons, born via surrogate. Banks went through parts of conversion to Judaism, her husband's faith, and studied with rabbis. In 2013, speaking of her religion, she stated that she practices Judaism, though "I did not have my mikveh, so technically I'm not converted," but that she has "been essentially a Jew for like 15 years," adding "Frankly, because I'm already doing everything [practicing religious rituals], I feel like I'm as Jewish as I'm ever going to be." Banks was a vocal supporter of Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign and was involved in a rendition of Rachel Platten's single "Fight Song" with other celebrities at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. She also identifies as a feminist. Filmography Awards and nominations References External links Elizabeth Banks appearances on C-SPAN Category:1974 births Category:20th-century American actresses Category:21st-century American actresses Category:Actresses from Massachusetts Category:American film actresses Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American television actresses Category:American game show hosts Category:American video game actresses Category:American voice actresses Category:American women film directors Category:American women film producers Category:Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania alumni Category:Converts to Judaism Category:Film directors from Massachusetts Category:Film producers from Massachusetts Category:Jewish American actresses Category:Living people Category:Massachusetts Democrats Category:People from Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Paroxysmal sneezing after hypothalamic deep brain stimulation for cluster headache. Cluster headache (CH) is the most common of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC), presenting with excruciatingly severe, short-lasting, unilateral headache accompanied by cranial autonomic symptoms. Chronic CH occurs in 10-15% of patients. Deep brain stimulation in the posterior hypothalamic region (hDBS) is successful in treating about 60% of patients otherwise refractory to medical treatment. A 28-year-old man had hDBS for medically refractory left-sided chronic CH, with a resultant reduction in frequency and severity of his attacks. He developed recurrent paroxysms of sneezing soon after the stimulation was started that have reduced after increasing the pulse width from 60 to 90 µs. Stimulation of the brain in the region of the posterior hypothalamus could produce sneezing from activation of facial nerve parasympathetic or trigeminal afferent pathway activation through the trigeminohypothalamic tract, or through other central mechanisms. DBS in general offers the opportunity to illuminate our understanding of brain function and for CH offers particular opportunities to understand a devastating primary headache syndrome.
Capturing Student Transformation From a Global Service-Learning Experience: The Efficacy of Photo-Elicitation as a Qualitative Research Method. This article describes the use of photo-elicitation as a qualitative research method that captured transformational outcomes of baccalaureate nursing students who participated in a 10-day global service-learning experience in Nicaragua. All participants (N = 8) took photographs as a natural way of capturing moments, scenes, and events that occurred during their immersion experience. Four weeks after the trip, each student selected photographs that were a meaningful visual representation of their experience and participated in a semistructured interview conducted by one of the three faculty investigators. Photo-elicitation captured the cultural, professional, and personal transformations of the students through a process that included "letting go," "confronting reality," and "coming to an understanding." The use of photo-elicitation as a qualitative research method enabled a deeper, more poignant exploration of the impact of a global service-learning experience.
The bus floated through the Nashville streets and stopped at the James Thompson Motor Inn. I got out and walked with Tommy (the Outlaw) and Coe’s old friend, Bobby. “It’s on the fourth floor.” We climbed the steps and walked down a long motel corridor. Looking over, I noticed it was a good 75 feet to the parking lot. At the door, Tommy waited for me. “Come on in, writer.” “Sure.” I felt frightened by his tone—soft, but mocking. I had assumed that there would be women, other musicians, and whiskey. But there was none of that. Instead, there were Outlaws, about 15 of them, sprawled around the room. I looked at their eyes, which were all trained right on my own. In the exact center of the group, like some ancient fertility god, David Allan Coe sprawled on a bed. On his lap was an ugly, trashed-out looking woman, who was laughing insanely. Behind me the door snapped shut. “This here is the writer,” someone said in a steel-wire voice. Everyone was totally silent. “The writer who wrote that shit about David Allan not being an outlaw!” someone else said. I felt my breath leaving me and tried to laugh it off. “Hey, c’mon, you guys. I didn’t write that stuff.” A short, squat, powerful man, the same Outlaw I’d seen screaming at the Exit Inn, came toward me. “You wrote that shit, did you?” He reached in his back pocket and pulled out a five-inch hunting knife. Jack C—-, the federal agent stationed at Gate 56 of the Dallas airport, signaled to his partner when he saw the pair coming, The signal meant “search” and that signal was followed by an announcement to the 23 passengers waiting for Texas International Airlines flight 925 to Austin: “TI 925 will be delayed momentarily due to transient passengers.” Those transient passengers, the suspicious pair, carried no luggage, had paid cash for their tickets, and were similarly attired: rumpled leather suits, scuffed boots, and hair a little longer than is allowed in the VIP lounge just down the corridor. Cowboy singer Waylon Jennings and the writer with him slowed down their loping run for the plane as Agent Jack stepped in front of them: “Please step this way… gentlemen.” Jennings carried no identification and Agent Jack was summoning his superior when a light bulb went on above his head: “Aren’t you . . . you’re Waylon Jennings , ainchoo? I thought you was an entertainer. Hell, yes, I see you over at Panther Hall. I go over to Panther and get drunk and raise heil ever wunst in a wile. Go right on through, gentlemen.”
[The intimate genome… in three dimensions]. Over the past decade, techniques based on chromosome conformation capture (3C) have accelerated our understanding of eukaryote's nuclear architecture. Coupled to high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics they have unveiled different organizational levels of the genome at an unprecedented scale. Initially performed using large populations of cells, a new variant of these techniques can be applied to single cell. Although it can be shown that chromosome folding varies from one cell to the other, their overall organization into topologically associating domains is conserved between cells of the same population. Interestingly, the predicted chromosome structures reveal that regions engaged in trans-chromosomal interactions are preferentially localized at the surface of the chromosome territory. These results confirm and extend previous observations on individual loci therefore highlighting the power of 3C based techniques.
Sayfalar 30 Kasım 2012 Cuma When we want to see who the multinational giants in the world are, two useful studies might help us. One of them is The Fortune Global 500 and the other one is The Forbes 500. The Fortune Global 500 is a ranking of the top 500 corporations worldwide as measured by revenue. The list is compiled and published annually by Fortune magazine. Until 1989 it listed only non-US industrial corporations under the title “International 500”, while the Fortune 500 contained and still contains exclusively US corporations. In 1990, US companies were added to compile a truly global list of top industrial corporations as ranked by sales. There is another useful measure called The Forbes Global 2000 is an annual ranking of the top 2000 public companies in the world by Forbes magazine. The ranking is based on a mix of four metrics: Sales, Profit, Assets and Market value. The list has been published since 2003. The Forbes Global 2000 is a useful indicator of which are the leading public companies in the world but it is only an interpretation, as only public companies are listed. The results are not definitive; any change to the criteria would produce a different list. A multinational corporation (MNC) or transnational corporation, also called as multinational enterprise, is a corporation or enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country. It can also be referred as an international corporation. These companies organization extends employment contracts over national boundaries. They have cross national interdependencies.[1] The first modern MNC is generally thought to be the Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon, first endorsed by the pope in 1129. The key element of transnational corporations was present even back then: the British East India Company and Dutch East India Company were operating in different countries than the ones where they had their headquarters. Nowadays many corporations have offices, branches or manufacturing plants in different countries than where their original and main headquarter is located. This is the very definition of a transnational corporation. They have the multiple operation points that all respond to one headquarter. This often results in very powerful corporations that have budgets that exceed some national GDPs. Multinational corporations can have a powerful influence in local economies as well as the world economy and play an important role in international relations and globalization. The presence of such powerful players in the world economy is reason for much controversy. The emerging global order is spearheaded by a few hundred corporate giants, many of them bigger than most sovereign nations. As an example Ford’s economy is larger than Saudi Arabia’s and Norway’s. Phillip Morris’s annual sales exceeded New Zealand’s gross domestic product. The new giant firms of the 21st century have achieved something that no other nation could manage today. They have reached millions of people through different kind of global webs like shopping, culture, workforce and finance. These worldwide webs of economic activity have already achieved a degree of global integration never before achieved by any world empire or nation state. So that the actors on the top of these webs like Microsoft, IBM, Airbus or Boeing, now have a say on many different political issues and have the power to cause economic effects on many different areas, which never had before.[2] The MNCs should be subject to some regulations due to their oversea operations. Although they are subject to the local regulations in different countries, due to their influence on the world trade they are also subject to OECD regulations. The restrictions and the regulations are in the OECD regulations as follows:[3] “Enterprises (MNCs) should take fully into account established policies in the countries in which they operate and consider the views of other stakeholders. In this regard, enterprises should: Contribute to economic, social and environmental progress with a view to achieving sustainable development. Respect the human rights of those affected by their activities consistent with the host government’s international obligations and commitments. Encourage local capacity building through close co-operation with the local community, including business interests, as well as developing the enterprise’s activities in domestic and foreign markets, consistent with the need for sound commercial practice. Refrain from seeking or accepting exemptions not contemplated in the statutory or regulatory framework related to environmental, health, safety, labour, taxation, financial incentives or other issues. Support and uphold good corporate governance principles and develop and apply good corporate governance practices. Develop and apply effective self-regulatory practices and management systems that foster a relationship of confidence and mutual trust between enterprises and the societies in which they operate. Promote employee awareness of and compliance with, company policies through appropriate dissemination of these policies, including through training programmes. Refrain from discriminatory or disciplinary action against employees who make bona fide reports to management or, as appropriate, to the competent public authorities, on practices that contravene the law, the Guidelines or the enterprise’s policies. Encourage, where practicable, business partners, including suppliers and sub-contractors, to apply principles of corporate conduct compatible with the Guidelines. Abstain from any improper involvement in local political activities.” These items show that OECD is monitoring the activities of MNCs whether they are adding value to the local economy or not. The aim of OECD is to balance the needs of the local country and the MNC and maximize their shared interest. This web site has been designed in order to give information to the researchers about economy, finance, banking, business administration, marketing and related fields . These articles can be used if and only if they are cited.
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. // Licensed under the MIT License. #pragma once // // WinMLTelemetryHelper provides a centralized location for managing all telemetry // usage in the WinML COM runtime. This aims to abstract all interaction with the // TraceLogging APIs. // // A global instance of the helper is declared in precomp.h and defined in dll.cpp. // // TraceLogging includes #include <winmeta.h> #include <TraceLoggingProvider.h> // Forward references class WinMLRuntime; typedef struct WinMLModelDescription { LPWSTR Author; LPWSTR Name; LPWSTR Domain; LPWSTR Description; SIZE_T Version; } WinMLModelDescription; template <typename T> class Profiler; // Schema versions. #define WINML_TLM_PROCESS_INFO_SCHEMA_VERSION 0 #define WINML_TLM_CONTEXT_CREATION_VERSION 0 #define WINML_TLM_MODEL_CREATION_VERSION 0 #define WINML_TLM_RUNTIME_ERROR_VERSION 0 #define WINML_TLM_RUNTIME_PERF_VERSION 0 #define WINML_TLM_NATIVE_API_INTRAOP_THREADS_VERSION 0 #define WINML_TLM_NAMED_DIMENSION_OVERRIDE_VERSION 0 #define WinMLTraceLoggingWrite(hProvider, EventName, ...) \ TraceLoggingWrite(hProvider, \ EventName, \ TraceLoggingBool(true, "UTCReplace_AppSessionGuid"), \ __VA_ARGS__) // // WinMLRuntime Telemetry Support // // {BCAD6AEE-C08D-4F66-828C-4C43461A033D} #define WINML_PROVIDER_DESC "Microsoft.Windows.AI.MachineLearning" #define WINML_PROVIDER_GUID (0xbcad6aee, 0xc08d, 0x4f66, 0x82, 0x8c, 0x4c, 0x43, 0x46, 0x1a, 0x3, 0x3d) #define WINML_PROVIDER_KEYWORD_DEFAULT 0x1 #define WINML_PROVIDER_KEYWORD_LOTUS_PROFILING 0x2 #define WINML_PROVIDER_KEYWORD_START_STOP 0x4 struct MLOperatorKernelDescription; struct MLOperatorSchemaDescription; class WinMLTelemetryHelper { public: TraceLoggingHProvider provider_ = nullptr; // Flag indicating the success of registering our telemetry provider. bool telemetry_enabled_ = false; WinMLTelemetryHelper(); ~WinMLTelemetryHelper(); // // Register telemetry provider and check success. Will only succeed if // client has opted in to sending MS telemetry. // virtual HRESULT Register() { HRESULT hr = TraceLoggingRegister(provider_); if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) { telemetry_enabled_ = true; } return hr; } // // Un-Register telemetry provider to ignore events from a TraceLogging provider. // void UnRegister() { TraceLoggingUnregister(provider_); } void LogWinMLShutDown(); void LogRuntimeError(HRESULT hr, std::string message, PCSTR file, PCSTR function, int line); void LogRuntimeError(HRESULT hr, PCSTR message, PCSTR file, PCSTR function, int line); void LogRegisterOperatorKernel( const char* name, const char* domain, int execution_type); void RegisterOperatorSetSchema( const char* name, uint32_t input_count, uint32_t output_count, uint32_t type_constraint_count, uint32_t attribute_count, uint32_t default_attribute_count); void SetIntraOpNumThreadsOverride( uint32_t num_threads); void SetNamedDimensionOverride( winrt::hstring name, uint32_t value); void EndRuntimeSession() { ++runtime_session_id_; }; bool IsMeasureSampled(); int GetRuntimeSessionId() { return runtime_session_id_; } private: void RestartTimer() { timer_start_ = GetTickCount64(); timer_started_ = true; } private: int runtime_session_id_; unsigned int log_counter_ = 0; bool timer_started_ = false; ULONGLONG timer_start_ = 0; };
(AFP) – Until recently, most migrants entering Bulgaria from Turkey would not hang around, seeking to continue their journeys towards western Europe. But now they are finding themselves stranded in the EU’s poorest country. The reason is that tighter border controls introduced since July have made it much harder for people to follow the usual route of crossing from Bulgaria into Serbia, and from there further west. And if they do make it to Serbia, then getting into Hungary — which last year erected a fence topped with razor wire — has become tougher still with authorities expelling any migrant caught near the border. Iraqi Kurd Azhuan Arhwanssara, for instance, says that after laying low “20 to a room” in a Roma ghetto in Sofia, he took his chances this summer and tried to cross into Serbia — but was turned back by Serbian border guards. “We didn’t come this far to give up,” the 22-year-old musician told AFP at a migrant shelter at Vrajdebna in the outskirts of the Bulgarian capital. He’s not abandoning his dream of making it to “England or Canada”. Ivan Penkov, director of the now overflowing shelter, said that Arhwanssara’s story has become more common in recent weeks, and that in August his facility’s 320 places “were filled up in less than 10 days”. “Since July, several groups of migrants disappeared from our refugee centre,” Penkov told AFP in a visit this week. “But then they came back, having failed to cross into Serbia.” Alan, a 13-year-old Syrian, is another case in point. He broke his leg in a forest while trying to cross into Serbia and was turned back, together with his companions, by Bulgarian border police. – Drowned – And going north from Bulgaria into Romania can be dangerous, since it means crossing the raging Danube river that marks the border between the two countries and where crossing points are rare. Earlier this week a boat capsized on the river. Three migrants drowned and three went missing, some of them children. Police are finding ever more migrants hidden in vehicles on the bridge linking the two countries at Ruse, said local police chief Dimitar Chorbadzhiev. Fewer than 20 percent of the 5,310 places available in Bulgarian reception centres were filled at the end of May. Now they are almost full. “Before, more than 90 percent of those who arrived in Bulgaria left again (for somewhere else). Now they have nowhere to go,” said Georgy Voynov, a lawyer with rights group the Helsinki Committee. Estimated at around 10,000, the number of migrants stranded in Bulgaria remain modest compared to the roughly 60,000 stuck in Greece or the almost 130,000 who have crossed the Mediterranean to Italy so far this year. But the Bulgarian government is still worried that it will become a “buffer state” between Turkey and the rest of the European Union where migrants are stuck, according to Interior Minister Rumiana Bachvarova. Prime Minister Boyko Borisov’s response has been to seek help from fellow EU leaders, who are meeting in Bratislava on Friday, to help stop migrants entering Bulgaria in the first place. Bulgaria has already strung up a barbed wire barrier that will soon cover most of its 259-kilometre (160-mile) border with Turkey. “I want more than statements of solidarity,” Borisov said while visiting Bulgaria’s border with Turkey this week. “At the Bratislava summit I will insist on 160 million euros ($180 million) being granted immediately.” He appears to have won the backing of EU President Donald Tusk and European Commission head Jean-Claude Juncker who said this week that 200 EU border guards and 50 vehicles would be deployed. At the same time Borisov has visited Ankara and Berlin in recent weeks trying to ensure that the EU’s crucial deal with Turkey, under which Turkey stops migrants entering the EU, does not fall apart. “The consequences of a failure (of this agreement) would be catastrophic,” Borisov said.
package manager import ( "bytes" "encoding/json" "io" "net/http" "net/http/httptest" "os" "reflect" "testing" "time" "github.com/Jeffail/benthos/v3/lib/log" "github.com/Jeffail/benthos/v3/lib/metrics" "github.com/Jeffail/benthos/v3/lib/stream" "github.com/Jeffail/benthos/v3/lib/types" "github.com/Jeffail/gabs/v2" "github.com/gorilla/mux" yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3" ) func router(m Type) mux.Router { router := mux.NewRouter() router.HandleFunc("/streams", m.HandleStreamsCRUD) router.HandleFunc("/streams/{id}", m.HandleStreamCRUD) router.HandleFunc("/streams/{id}/stats", m.HandleStreamStats) return router } func genRequest(verb, url string, payload interface{}) http.Request { var body io.Reader if payload != nil { bodyBytes, err := json.Marshal(payload) if err != nil { panic(err) } body = bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes) } req, err := http.NewRequest(verb, url, body) if err != nil { panic(err) } return req } func genYAMLRequest(verb, url string, payload interface{}) http.Request { var body io.Reader if payload != nil { bodyBytes, err := yaml.Marshal(payload) if err != nil { panic(err) } body = bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes) } req, err := http.NewRequest(verb, url, body) if err != nil { panic(err) } return req } type listItemBody struct { Active bool `json:"active"` Uptime float64 `json:"uptime"` UptimeStr string `json:"uptime_str"` } type listBody map[string]listItemBody func parseListBody(data bytes.Buffer) listBody { result := listBody{} if err := json.Unmarshal(data.Bytes(), &result); err != nil { panic(err) } return result } type getBody struct { Active bool `json:"active"` Uptime float64 `json:"uptime"` UptimeStr string `json:"uptime_str"` Config stream.Config `json:"config"` } func parseGetBody(data bytes.Buffer) getBody { result := getBody{ Config: stream.NewConfig(), } if err := json.Unmarshal(data.Bytes(), &result); err != nil { panic(err) } return result } func TestTypeAPIBadMethods(t testing.T) { mgr := New( OptSetLogger(log.New(os.Stdout, log.Config{LogLevel: "NONE"})), OptSetStats(metrics.DudType{}), OptSetManager(types.DudMgr{}), OptSetAPITimeout(time.Millisecond100), ) r := router(mgr) request := genRequest("DELETE", "/streams", nil) response := httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusBadRequest, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("DERP", "/streams/foo", nil) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusBadRequest, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } } func TestTypeAPIBasicOperations(t testing.T) { mgr := New( OptSetLogger(log.Noop()), OptSetStats(metrics.Noop()), OptSetManager(types.NoopMgr()), OptSetAPITimeout(time.Second), ) r := router(mgr) conf := harmlessConf() request := genRequest("PUT", "/streams/foo", conf) response := httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusNotFound, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("GET", "/streams/foo", nil) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusNotFound, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("POST", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("POST", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusBadRequest, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("GET", "/streams/bar", nil) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusNotFound, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("GET", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } info := parseGetBody(response.Body) if !info.Active { t.Error("Stream not active") } else if act, exp := info.Config, conf; !reflect.DeepEqual(act, exp) { t.Errorf("Unexpected config: %v != %v", act, exp) } newConf := harmlessConf() newConf.Buffer.Type = "memory" request = genRequest("PUT", "/streams/foo", newConf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) t.Logf("Error message: %v", response.Body.String()) } request = genRequest("GET", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } info = parseGetBody(response.Body) if !info.Active { t.Error("Stream not active") } else if act, exp := info.Config, newConf; !reflect.DeepEqual(act, exp) { t.Errorf("Unexpected config: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("DELETE", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("DELETE", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusNotFound, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } testVar := "__TEST_INPUT_TYPE" originalEnv, orignalSet := os.LookupEnv(testVar) defer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(testVar) if orignalSet { _ = os.Setenv(testVar, originalEnv) } }() _ = os.Setenv(testVar, "http_server") newConf = harmlessConf() newConf.Input.Type = "${__TEST_INPUT_TYPE}" request = genRequest("POST", "/streams/fooEnv", newConf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("GET", "/streams/fooEnv", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } info = parseGetBody(response.Body) // replace the env var with the expected value in the struct // because we will be comparing it to the rendered version. newConf.Input.Type = "http_server" if !info.Active { t.Error("Stream not active") } else if act, exp := info.Config, newConf; !reflect.DeepEqual(act, exp) { t.Errorf("Unexpected config: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("DELETE", "/streams/fooEnv", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } } func TestTypeAPIPatch(t testing.T) { mgr := New( OptSetLogger(log.Noop()), OptSetStats(metrics.DudType{}), OptSetManager(types.DudMgr{}), OptSetAPITimeout(time.Millisecond100), ) r := router(mgr) conf := harmlessConf() request := genRequest("PATCH", "/streams/foo", conf) response := httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusNotFound, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("POST", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } patchConf := map[string]interface{}{ "input": map[string]interface{}{ "http_server": map[string]interface{}{ "path": "/foobarbaz", }, }, } request = genRequest("PATCH", "/streams/foo", patchConf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } conf.Input.HTTPServer.Path = "/foobarbaz" request = genRequest("GET", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } info := parseGetBody(response.Body) if !info.Active { t.Fatal("Stream not active") } if act, exp := info.Config.Input.HTTPServer.Path, conf.Input.HTTPServer.Path; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected config: %v != %v", act, exp) } if act, exp := info.Config.Input.Type, conf.Input.Type; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected config: %v != %v", act, exp) } } func TestTypeAPIBasicOperationsYAML(t testing.T) { mgr := New( OptSetLogger(log.Noop()), OptSetStats(metrics.Noop()), OptSetManager(types.NoopMgr()), OptSetAPITimeout(time.Second), ) r := router(mgr) conf := harmlessConf() request := genYAMLRequest("PUT", "/streams/foo", conf) response := httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusNotFound, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genYAMLRequest("GET", "/streams/foo", nil) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusNotFound, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genYAMLRequest("POST", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genYAMLRequest("POST", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusBadRequest, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genYAMLRequest("GET", "/streams/bar", nil) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusNotFound, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genYAMLRequest("GET", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } info := parseGetBody(response.Body) if !info.Active { t.Error("Stream not active") } else if act, exp := info.Config, conf; !reflect.DeepEqual(act, exp) { t.Errorf("Unexpected config: %v != %v", act, exp) } newConf := harmlessConf() newConf.Buffer.Type = "memory" request = genYAMLRequest("PUT", "/streams/foo", newConf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genYAMLRequest("GET", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } info = parseGetBody(response.Body) if !info.Active { t.Error("Stream not active") } else if act, exp := info.Config, newConf; !reflect.DeepEqual(act, exp) { t.Errorf("Unexpected config: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genYAMLRequest("DELETE", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genYAMLRequest("DELETE", "/streams/foo", conf) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusNotFound, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } } func TestTypeAPIList(t testing.T) { mgr := New( OptSetLogger(log.New(os.Stdout, log.Config{LogLevel: "NONE"})), OptSetStats(metrics.DudType{}), OptSetManager(types.DudMgr{}), OptSetAPITimeout(time.Millisecond100), ) r := router(mgr) request := genRequest("GET", "/streams", nil) response := httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } info := parseListBody(response.Body) if exp, act := (listBody{}), info; !reflect.DeepEqual(exp, act) { t.Errorf("Wrong list response: %v != %v", act, exp) } if err := mgr.Create("foo", harmlessConf()); err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } request = genRequest("GET", "/streams", nil) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } info = parseListBody(response.Body) if exp, act := true, info["foo"].Active; !reflect.DeepEqual(exp, act) { t.Errorf("Wrong list response: %v != %v", act, exp) } } func TestTypeAPISetStreams(t testing.T) { mgr := New( OptSetLogger(log.New(os.Stdout, log.Config{LogLevel: "NONE"})), OptSetStats(metrics.DudType{}), OptSetManager(types.DudMgr{}), OptSetAPITimeout(time.Millisecond100), ) r := router(mgr) if err := mgr.Create("foo", harmlessConf()); err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } if err := mgr.Create("bar", harmlessConf()); err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } request := genRequest("GET", "/streams", nil) response := httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } info := parseListBody(response.Body) if exp, act := true, info["foo"].Active; !reflect.DeepEqual(exp, act) { t.Errorf("Wrong list response: %v != %v", act, exp) } if exp, act := true, info["bar"].Active; !reflect.DeepEqual(exp, act) { t.Errorf("Wrong list response: %v != %v", act, exp) } barConf := harmlessConf() barConf.Input.File.Path = "BAR_ONE" bar2Conf := harmlessConf() bar2Conf.Input.File.Path = "BAR_TWO" bazConf := harmlessConf() bazConf.Input.File.Path = "BAZ_ONE" streamsBody := map[string]stream.Config{ "bar": barConf, "bar2": bar2Conf, "baz": bazConf, } request = genRequest("POST", "/streams", streamsBody) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) t.Logf("Message: %v", response.Body.String()) } request = genRequest("GET", "/streams", nil) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) t.Logf("Message: %v", response.Body.String()) } info = parseListBody(response.Body) if _, exists := info["foo"]; exists { t.Error("Expected foo to be deleted") } if exp, act := true, info["bar"].Active; !reflect.DeepEqual(exp, act) { t.Errorf("Wrong list response: %v != %v", act, exp) } if exp, act := true, info["baz"].Active; !reflect.DeepEqual(exp, act) { t.Errorf("Wrong list response: %v != %v", act, exp) } var barVal, bar2Val, bazVal string mgr.lock.Lock() if val, exists := mgr.streams["bar"]; exists { barVal = val.Config().Input.File.Path } if val, exists := mgr.streams["bar2"]; exists { bar2Val = val.Config().Input.File.Path } if val, exists := mgr.streams["baz"]; exists { bazVal = val.Config().Input.File.Path } mgr.lock.Unlock() if act, exp := barVal, "BAR_ONE"; act != exp { t.Errorf("Bar was not updated: %v != %v", act, exp) } if act, exp := bar2Val, "BAR_TWO"; act != exp { t.Errorf("Bar2 was not created: %v != %v", act, exp) } if act, exp := bazVal, "BAZ_ONE"; act != exp { t.Errorf("Baz was not created: %v != %v", act, exp) } } func TestTypeAPIDefaultConf(t testing.T) { mgr := New( OptSetLogger(log.New(os.Stdout, log.Config{LogLevel: "NONE"})), OptSetStats(metrics.DudType{}), OptSetManager(types.DudMgr{}), OptSetAPITimeout(time.Millisecond100), ) r := router(mgr) body := []byte(`{ "input": { "type": "nanomsg" }, "output": { "type": "nanomsg" } }`) request, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/streams/foo", bytes.NewReader(body)) if err != nil { panic(err) } response := httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } } func TestTypeAPIGetStats(t testing.T) { mgr := New( OptSetLogger(log.Noop()), OptSetStats(metrics.Noop()), OptSetManager(types.DudMgr{}), OptSetAPITimeout(time.Millisecond100), ) r := router(mgr) if err := mgr.Create("foo", harmlessConf()); err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } <-time.After(time.Millisecond * 100) request := genRequest("GET", "/streams/not_exist/stats", nil) response := httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusNotFound, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("POST", "/streams/foo/stats", nil) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusBadRequest, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } request = genRequest("GET", "/streams/foo/stats", nil) response = httptest.NewRecorder() r.ServeHTTP(response, request) if exp, act := http.StatusOK, response.Code; exp != act { t.Errorf("Unexpected result: %v != %v", act, exp) } stats, err := gabs.ParseJSON(response.Body.Bytes()) if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } if exp, act := float64(1), stats.S("input", "running").Data().(float64); exp != act { t.Errorf("Wrong stat value: %v != %v", act, exp) t.Logf("Metrics: %v", stats) } }
I talked to Skilling yesterday and asked him if he would be interested in teaching at the Jones School. I was very clear that I had not talked to you or anyone else about it yet. He said he would be interested. If you would like to talk to him, I'll give you his number. -----Original Message----- From: Gilbert Whitaker [mailto:grwhit@rice.edu] Sent: Wednesday, August 08, 2001 11:46 AM To: Kean, Steven J. Subject: RE: I look forward to our meeting. I was sorry to learn about your father. gil At 07:58 AM 8/8/01 -0500, you wrote: >I've been thinking about the need to recast the "e-commerce" position as >well. I'm asking Maureen to get some time for us to meet (at Rice) in >the next few weeks. > >-----Original Message----- >From: Gilbert R. Whitaker, Jr. [mailto:grwhit@rice.edu] >Sent: Tuesday, July 31, 2001 3:29 PM >To: skean@enron.com >Subject: > > >Steve - > >We are beginning our planning for faculty recruiting for the fall of >2002. We tried hard this year to recruit a person for the finance (risk > >management) position and made an offer but he eventually chose to stay >where he was for family reasons. We will try again with him but will >also >widen the search again. > >We will begin the search for the second Enron Professorship which was >described as E-commerce. Since we initially discussed this a lot has >happened in the E-commerce world and we think it might be useful to >re-designate the field a bit. The use of the web and technology in >business has become a critical part of the fundamental operations of the > >business and as we think that a professorship in operations management >with >a bent toward the use of the web and other related technologies might >the >educational needs of the students better and with better long term >results. Is this too far afield from the grant or do you think we would >be >in the general parameters? > >Thanks. > >gil > >P.S. I have not yet seen your picture with a pie!!! > > > >******************************************************************** >This e-mail is the property of Enron Corp. and/or its relevant affiliate >and may contain confidential and privileged material for the sole use of >the intended recipient (s). Any review, use, distribution or disclosure by >others is strictly prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient (or >authorized to receive for the recipient), please contact the sender or >reply to Enron Corp. at enron.messaging.administration@enron.com and >delete all copies of the message. This e-mail (and any attachments hereto) >are not intended to be an offer (or an acceptance) and do not create or >evidence a binding and enforceable contract between Enron Corp. (or any of >its affiliates) and the intended recipient or any other party, and may not >be relied on by anyone as the basis of a contract by estoppel or >otherwise. Thank you. >********************************************************************
JackRussell8888's Blog (4) This hit me like a gigantic ton of bricks about 10 minutes ago. I had to sit down and get this written out. You know my approach by now, it all about agreement and mind games. This one is HUUUUGGGEEE. Knock it out of the park. Ahhhhhhhhhhhh!!! OK, enough of that already. What is it I am talking about? If you have been reading my posts, you know that I say that I am a nullist. It is an even more powerful position than an atheist. It is a position of affirmation not of denial. It… Continue There are a handful of major anchors that establish the TRUTH to a christians faith. In these deconversion routines, we look at many of them. Today, I want to look at a really big one. Heaven. Before I go into heaven, it is important to understand that heaven is not about what you might think. It is about security. It is about having a safe, secure, comfortable home. Surrounded by people like them, like other people they know and love. It is a place that they can wrap around… Continue I love de-converting folks. Remember, the most powerful and fastest way to deconvert is not to argue, but to agree, but mess with their minds. Especially, to get them thinking and having to go directly to the bible themselves. Remember, the bible is the biggest ally is getting a deconversion to happen.
Didn't use second new ball well enough, says Jurgensen New Zealand did not bowl as well as they should have with the second new ball on day three in Bulawayo, according to their bowling coach Shane Jurgensen, but they are still in with a good chance of winning
Hulu’s adaptation of the Stephen King book, “11/22/63,” has nabbed James Franco as its lead, Hulu and Warner Bros. announced. The nine-episode series — which will be produced by J.J. Abrams’ Bad Robot production company, and written by Bridget Carpente — follows English teacher Jake Epping (Franco), who “travels back in time to prevent the […] Hulu has ordered 11/22/63 — based on the Stephen King novel with the same name — straight to series. Here’s what Hulu has to say about the show, which will come from J.J. Abrams’ Bad Robot production company… ““On November 22, 1963, three shots rang out in Dallas, President Kennedy was killed, and the world […]
Jaqueline Orth Jaqueline Orth (born 10 February 1993) is a German sport shooter. She participated at the 2018 ISSF World Shooting Championships, winning a medal. References External links Category:Living people Category:1993 births Category:German female sport shooters Category:ISSF rifle shooters Category:People from Bad Hersfeld Category:Shooters at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics
Customized Pens with Logo & Basic Promotional Pens Advertise your business on budget promotional pens. Imprinted basic pens are economical and make great giveaways for your office or trade show swag. Put your company name on plastic stick pens, retractable ballpoints, and felt-tip, rollerball, and gel pens. Imprinted pens from BIC®, Uniball®, and Papermate® add value to your name. “We order these pens every year. People love them because they last forever and they are nice and lightweight. They’re a very classic design.” –Kim, VA
Just the daemon (advanced) ========================== Linux ##### 1. Compile the dependencies --------------------------- .. code-block:: bash cd contrib mkdir native cd native ../bootstrap make 2. Compiling dring ------------------ .. code-block:: bash cd ../../ ./autogen.sh ./configure make 3. Installing dring ------------------- .. code-block:: bash make install Done ! OSX ### 1. Installing dependencies -------------------------- Without a package manager .. code-block:: bash cd extras/tools ./bootstrap make export PATH=$PATH:/location/of/ring/daemon/extras/tools/build/bin With a package manager (macports or brew) Install the following: - automake - pkg-config - libtool - gettext - yasm 2. Compiling dependencies ------------------------- .. code-block:: bash cd contrib mkdir native cd native ../bootstrap make -j 3. Compiling the daemon ----------------------- .. code-block:: bash cd ../../ ./autogen.sh ./configure --without-dbus --prefix=<install_path> make If you want to link against libringclient and native client easiest way is to add to ./configure: ``--prefix=<prefix_path>`` Done! Common Issues ------------- ``autopoint not found:`` When using Homebrew, autopoint is not found even when gettext is installed, because symlinks are not created. Run: ``brew link --force gettext`` to fix it. Clang compatibility (developers only) ------------------------------------- It is possible to compile dring with Clang by setting CC and CXX variables to 'clang' and 'clang++' respectively when calling ./configure. Currently it is not possible to use the DBus interface mechanism, and the interaction between daemon and client will not work; for each platform where dbus is not available the client should implement all the methods in the *_stub.cpp files.
The most epic supercar experience in Canada takes place over in British Columbia. Choose from an overnight, weekend getaway or design your own bespoke experience. The company offers a variety of supercars to choose from or you can simply bring your own with options to ship your car here. You'll experience some of the most stunning scenic drives along with adrenaline filled track days. Carve your way around British Columbia while enjoying world-class food and exciting destinations. Each trip is made to fit the tastes of the drivers and they'll make sure you have the time of your life.
Taye Diggs (The Best Man Holiday) has landed a recurring role on Fox freshman drama series Rosewood. Created by Todd Harthan, Rosewood stars Morris Chestnut as Dr. Beaumont Rosewood Jr., a private pathologist in Miami who partners with Detective Annalise Villa (Jaina Lee Ortiz). Diggs will play Mike Boyce, a world-renowned infectious disease doctor based in Miami and the longtime best friend of Dr. Beaumont Rosewood (Morris Chestnut), who is brought in to consult on a case and catches the eye of Detective Villa, much to Rosewood’s surprise. It’s a reunion for Diggs and Chestnut, who starred in the hit feature The Best Man and sequel The Best Man Holiday. Diggs is repped by ICM, Authentic Management, Franklin, Weinrib, Rudell & Vassallo, and Burt Goldstein and Co. Erik Allan Kramer has booked a recurring role on CBS comedy series Mike & Molly. Kramer plays Officer Seely, who’s very hard-headed and has issues with Mike. Kramer’s TV credits include Good Luck Charley, and he just wrapped the feature Surge Of Power. Kramer is repped by Stone Manners Salners and McGowan Management.
Q: How to direct jQuery's .html method to outer HTML wrap? I'm trying to toggle between two chunks of HTML, a span and an anchor. For example: <span class="current">Demo</span> toggle with: <a href="http://someurl/" class="demo">Demo</a> I've tried the following: $(spanDemo).html('<a href="http://someurl/" class="demo">Demo</a>'); $(anchorDemo).html('<span class="current">Demo</span>'); However, the elements get wrapped inside each other, and the DOM result is: <span class="current"><a href="http://someurl/" class="demo">Demo</a></span> and <a href="http://someurl/" class="demo"><span class="current">Demo</span></a> THE QUESTION IS: How can I use replace the entire wrap, instead of wrapping these HTML chunks together? Thanks! A: Use replaceWith $('.current').replaceWith('<a href="http://someurl/" class="demo">Demo</a>'); $('.demo').replaceWith('<span class="current">Demo</span>');
Right ventricular performance The right ventricle receives systemic and coronary venous return and pumps it into the left ventricle across the pulmonary vascular bed. The right and left ventricles can be described as two pumps in series coupled by the lungs and operating as one functional unit. Both parts of this unit have a common blood supply, a common muscular septum separating both cavities, and common intertwining myocardial bundles. Moreover, both ventricles are confined within the common pericardium and exposed to the same changes in intrathoracic pressure and lung volume. There are, however, important differences between both ventricles. Anatomically, the right ventricle consists of the free wall and septum arranged into the inflow tract (sinus) and the outflow tract (conus); the conus represents the phylogenic relic of the bulbus cordis.98 The right ventricular outflow tract contracts after the inflow tract with a delay of up to 25-50 ms; this asynchrony causes the outflow tract to expand during the contraction of the inflow tract and to maintain right ventricular ejection by the time the inflow tract is beginning to relax. Under intense sympathetic stimulation, significant pressure gradients between inflow and outflow tracts can occur.99-101 Wall thickness and myocardial mass of the right ventricle are considerably less than those of the left ventricle, reflecting the lower external work of the former. Although the right ventricle pumps the same amount of blood (cardiac output) as the left ventricle, it does so into the low pressure pulmonary vascular bed with low resistance to flow. Pulmonary arteries are much more distensible than systemic arteries, and the pulse wave velocity in the pulmonary arteries is lower than in the systemic arterial tree. This causes the reflected pressure waves to return after the closure of the pulmonic valve. The pulmonary input impedance, representing the external load of the right ventricle, differs from the aortic impedance in that the oscillatory component (characteristic impedance) is relatively greater and makes up to 25-30% of the total pulmonary resistance.102 The right ventricular ejection into the low impedance pulmonary vascular bed, together with the delayed return of the reflected waves, affect the right ventricular pressure waveform. There is a very short isovolumic contraction period, lower right ventricular dP/dt, and systolic peak pressure occurs early during the ejection. Furthermore, the ejection continues despite the rapid and marked decline in pressure.103 As a result of the low intraventricular and, consequently, low intramural pressure, the coronary blood flow in the right ventricle is continuous throughout the cardiac cycle. In spite of these differences, the mechanical behaviour of the right ventricle closely resembles that of its left companion. An increase in right ventricular filling (reflected by increases in end diastolic volume and pressure, and related to an increase in resting fibre length) leads to an augmentation of right ventricular stroke volume and stroke work according to the Frank-Starling law. Similar to the left ventricle, there is an inverse relationship between the impedance opposing ejection and the right ventricular function expressed as either ejection fraction or stroke volume. An augmentation of right ventricular preload and positive inotropic stimulation will improve right ventricular performance.99 101 The right ventricle is more sensitive to increases in afterload than the left one. With increasing resistance to ejection (for example, in pulmonary hypertension), the right ventricle readily uses up its preload reserve and dilates. As a result of the high chamber compliance of the thin walled right ventricle, the increase in end diastolic volume can be more pronounced than the increase in filling pressure. Thus, the right ventricle is able to maintain normal pulmonary blood flow and left ventricular filling without an undue increase in central venous pressure. The right ventricular ejection fraction will, however, exhibit a linear decrease with increasing afterload.99 101 A prerequisite to the maintenance of flow is an adequate preload reserve. Yet, there is a limitation to right ventricular performance, as a normal, non-hypertrophied right ventricle will not sustain an acute increase in peak systolic pressure of more than 7080 mm Hg without failing.101 Similar to the left ventricle and the systemic circulation, the coupling of the right ventricle and the pulmonary vasculature was studied by means of the time varying elastance model, which revealed an optimal matching between the right ventricle and its load under physiological conditions.102 The right ventricular P/V loop reflects its ejection characteristics. Isovolumic contraction is almost absent, and there is a continuous decrease in ventricular volume after the end systolic point. The slope of the end systolic P/V relationship (right ventricular Emax) is lower and the volume intercept (Vo) is higher in the right than in the left ventricle.103 The right ventricle appears to have better tolerance of acute decreases in pulmonary compliance (for example, occlusion of a central pulmonary artery branch) than of increases in resistance (for example, peripheral pulmonary embolisation or lung hyperinflation).104 105 Considering the close anatomical relationship between both ventricles, it is not surprising that changes in geometry, pressure, and volume of one ventricle directly affect the function of the other. This is known as ventricular cross talk or interdependence, and occurs in both diastole and systole.106 107 An increase in filling volume of one ventricle causes an upward shift of the diastolic P/V relationship, a decrease in diastolic chamber compliance, and impaired filling of the other ventricle. For instance, an increase in right ventricular diastolic volume and pressure leads to an inversion of the diastolic trans-septal pressure gradient, flattening of the ventricular septum curvature, and a leftward shift of the septum during diastole; these effects increase the stiffness of the left ventricle and limit its filling. In patients with an overloaded and failing right ventricle, right ventricular filling pressure (right atrial pressure) exceeds left sided filling pressure (left atrial pressure or wedge pressure). Diastolic ventricular interdependence is more pronounced with the pericardium intact.108 109 The term "systolic interdependence'' describes the observation that an increase in pressure in one ventricle leads to an immediate pressure increase in the other ventricle. The contribution of the left ventricle to pressure generation in the right ventricle exceeds the contribution of the right to the left ventricle and is estimated to be about one third of the right ventricular systolic pressure.110 Although ventricular interdependence operates primarily through the interventricular septum, the free walls of both ventricles are also involved: in the case of the right ventricle, this is accomplished by pulling the right ventricular free wall against the septum during contraction of the intertwining muscle bundles shared by both ventricles.108 111 This mechanism of "left ventricular assistance", combined with the force acting from behind ("vis a tergo") imparted by left ventricular contraction, explains why there is only a modest depression of haemodynamic function after total exclusion of the right ventricular free wall, provided that there is low pulmonary vascular resistance.112 The diastolic and systolic interdependence plays an important role in clinical conditions such as right ventricular volume or pressure overload and right ventricular ischaemia. In these conditions, both diastolic filling and systolic performance of the left ventricle are compromised and left ventricular support of the right ventricle reduced. Therapy aimed at improved left ventricular function and developed pressure will result in enhanced right ventricular function. That will result partly from the interdependence mechanism, and partly from the increase in right ventricular coronary perfusion pressure. The right ventricle plays an important role in the perioperative period and critical care medicine where acute changes in loading conditions, gas exchange, ventilatory patterns, and coronary blood flow can often eventually lead to right ventricular failure. To assess the right ventricular function properly, to detect its dysfunction in time, and to treat it correctly, the measurement of pressures and flows in the right heart and lesser circulation is necessary (Table 2.2).18 113 The use of fast thermistor pulmonary catheters and the thermodilution method for assessment of right ventricular ejection fraction and volumes can provide additional useful information. The most valuable information on the structure and function of the right ventricle at the bedside is now obtained by transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. With the help of echocardiography, and the end diastolic and end systolic size of the right ventricle, its ejection fraction, regional wall motion, septum shifts, and presence of tricuspid and pulmonic valve regurgitation can be evaluated. By means of Doppler measurements of forward and regurgitant Table 2.2 Right ventricular pump function18113 Normal values Right atrial pressure 5 mm Hg Right ventricular pressure (systolic/diastolic) 25/5 mm Hg Pulmonary artery pressure (systolic/diastolic) 25/9 mm Hg Pulmonary artery pressure (mean) 15 (10-20) mm Hg Right ventricular end diastolic volume index 65-100 ml/m2 Right ventricular ejection fraction 48-66% Right ventricular stroke work index 5-10 gm/m2 blood flow velocities across the tricuspid and pulmonic valve, estimates of right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures can be made. Your heart pumps blood throughout your body using a network of tubing called arteries and capillaries which return the blood back to your heart via your veins. Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of your arteries as your heart beats.Learn more...

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