text stringlengths 8 5.77M |
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Daniel Craig Picture 18
18/23
Daniel Craig
This consistent British film actor is recognized for his supporting roles in Road to Perdition and The Jacket, but he's known for replacing Pierce Brosnan as 007 in the latest Bond flicks Casino Royale,Quantum of Solace and Skyfall. |
Product Description
Shandong Leader Machinery Co.,ltd. have engaged in Oil Refinery Equipment and Microwave Equipment since1997 in China,with 20 years` experience and 80 engineers,, scientific research, manufacturing, installation, commissioning.We can provide customers with design and services of 1-2000 tons oil equipment.factory occupied area is over 100,000 square meters,more than 3200 customers all around the world, we greatly hope to have the opportunity to serve you.
Functions of main parts:Extracting:To extract the oil in the cake by solvent, the general solvent is 6# extraction solvent oil or commercial hexane.Desolventising:To remove and recover the solvent in the meal; Dry and cool down the meal at the same time.Evaporating and stripping:Heating the the miscella by indirect steam, so that can vaporize the solvent and concentrate the miscella.Solvent recycling: This process is to recover the solvent, decrease solvent comsuption, keep safety prodution and improve product quality.
3. Installation Site for sunflower edible oil mill
4.Customer visiting sunflower edible oil mill:
We have customers from Nigeria, Mexico,SouthAfrica,Nicaragua,Serbia,Colombia etc. |
Breath holding and rebreathing at low and high altitude.
Breath holding and rebreathing have been carried out at sea level in lowlanders and at high altitude in acclimatized lowlanders and in highlanders. It has been shown that the values of gasping time, breath-holding time, rebreathing time and the composition of the alveolar gases at the breaking point are modified by chronic hypoxia, especially in highlanders. The modifications observed can be explained by different sensitivities to humoral stimuli of the different groups of subjects. The importance of nonhumoral factors, as studied by comparing apnea and rebreathing, seems modified at altitude, especially in highlanders, although the mechanism of this change is unknown. |
Q:
Windows Phone: how to tell when Deployment.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke has completed?
I'm trying to make the UI of a page in a WP7 application more responsive by putting the data loading portion into a background thread rather than running in the foreground when the page loads.
The thread code essentially works through some data and adds items to an observable collection; in order to avoid exception issues, I execute something like:
Deployment.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { _events.Add(_newItem); });
so that the addition of the item to the collection is done in the UI thread.
The problem I'm now hitting is that a subsequent part of the code needs to perform a foreach on the collection in order to figure out where to insert a new item rather than just add it. Unfortunately, what I'm finding is that the UI thread can sometimes perform its Add while I'm in the foreach loop, instantly breaking the foreach.
From the reading I've done, it looks like one approach would be to call EndInvoke() in order to block the background thread until the UI piece is done. Unfortunately, it looks like thw Wp7/Silverlight implementation doesn't support EndInvoke.
Any suggestions on how I can check that the Add has been completed before I start the foreach?
Thanks.
Philip
A:
It's very easy ;)
// must be executed in background
foreach (Item item in Items)
{
EventWaitHandle Wait = new AutoResetEvent(false);
Deployment.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
_events.Add(_newItem);
Wait.Set();
});
// wait while item is added on UI
Wait.WaitOne();
}
// here all items are added
This approach you can use everywhere where you need synchronize background and UI thread execution
|
Harry Jackson (footballer, born 1918)
Harry 'Jacko' Jackson (1918 – 1984) was a footballer who played as a centre forward or inside forward in the Football League for Manchester City, Preston North End, Blackburn Rovers and Chester. He also appeared for a variety of clubs as a 'guest' player during the war including Accrington Stanley, Tottenham Hotspur and Watford whilst being stationed around London and the South Coast serving in the Royal Navy.
In the 1948–49 season he scored 4 goals in 4 appearances for Mossley.
After his time with Chester he played for Hyde United, Ashton United, Nelson and Clitheroe.
References
Category:1918 births
Category:1984 deaths
Category:Sportspeople from Blackburn
Category:Association football forwards
Category:English footballers
Category:Darwen F.C. players
Category:Burnley F.C. players
Category:Manchester City F.C. players
Category:Preston North End F.C. players
Category:Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Category:Chester City F.C. players
Category:Hyde United F.C. players
Category:English Football League players
Category:Mossley A.F.C. players
Category:Ashton United F.C. players
Category:Nelson F.C. players
Category:Clitheroe F.C. players |
Q:
Angular - How to go to child route?
In my Angular App I have defined routes:
const appRoutes = [
{ path: '', component: HomeComponent},
{ path: 'news', component: NewsComponent, children: [
{ path: ':id', component: NewsDetailComponent },
]},
{ path: '**', component: PageNotFoundComponent}
];
In my NewsComponent ('/news') html file I have *ngFor loop to iterate and generate the news:
<div class="news">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-12 col-md-3" *ngFor="let n of news" (click)="goToNews(n.id)">
<div class="single-news">
<img [src]="n.photoUrl" [alt]="n.headline">
<div class="news-content">
<h3>{{ n.headline }}</h3>
<p>{{ n.content }}</p>
<small>{{ n.author }}, {{ n.date | date }}</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
... and my .ts file:
goToNews(id: number) {
this.router.navigate(['news', id]);
}
The problem is when I click the element, my URL changes, but I stay on the same component I've been for the entire time. How do I navigate to NewsDetailComponent?
A:
Whenever a route has child routes, the component that route points to needs to have a <router-outlet></router-outlet>. This is what Angular uses to determine where to put the components from the child route.
Alternatively, if your goal is to replace the top-level screen using the details screen, you could restructure your routing scheme as follows to add a top-level route for the detail page.
const appRoutes = [
{ path: '', component: HomeComponent},
{ path: 'news', component: NewsComponent},
{ path: 'news/:id', component: NewsDetailComponent },
{ path: '**', component: PageNotFoundComponent}
];
|
Q:
Modal closing when pop up is clicked
I'm making a simple jQuery pop up modal. I know I should just use a plugin but I want to at least understand the mechanics of how it works before using a plugin so im creating my own.
here is the html:
<div id="box">
<div id="modal">
<a href="#" class="close"><div>close</div></a>
<div class="wrapper">
<h1 style="text-align:center">Title Here</h1>
<p style="text-align:center">Do what ever you want here crete a form add an image gallery etc.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="wrapper">
<h1>This is a Very Simple/Lightweight jQuery Modal Pop Up!</h1>
<a href="#" class="reveal">Click Me!</a>
</div><!-- END WRAPPER -->
the css:
#modal{
background-color: #fff;
width: 500px;
height: 300px;
z-index: 50;
position:absolute;
border-radius: 8px;
}
and now the jQuery:
$(document).ready(function(){
// hide the modal on page load
$('#box').hide();
//show modal when the link is clicked
$('.reveal').click(function(e){
e.preventDefault();
pageWidth = $(window).width();
pageHeight = $(document).height();
modalLeft = Math.max(pageWidth - $('#modal').outerWidth(), 0) / 2;
modalTop = Math.max($(window).height() - $('#modal').outerHeight(), 0) / 2;
$('#box').fadeIn("slow").css({
"background-color": "rgba(0,0,0,0.8)",
"width" : pageWidth,
"height" : pageHeight,
"z-index" : "10",
'position' :'absolute',
'top' :'0',
'left' :'0'
});
$('#modal').fadeIn("slow").css({
'top' : modalTop + $(window).scrollTop(),
'left' : modalLeft + $(window).scrollLeft()
});
});
// close modal
$('.close').click(function(){
$('#box').fadeOut("slow");
});
$('#box').click(function(){
$(this).fadeOut("slow");
});
});
here is a jsfiddle so it can be seen in action:
http://jsfiddle.net/dNj4b/
The problem that I am having is that I want the pop up to close only when the overlay is clicked;howver, it closes even when just the pop up box is clicked
A:
Well, in the jsFiddle you posted you have this:
$('#box').click(function(){
$(this).fadeOut("slow");
});
Remove it.
The thing is, your wrapper/outer div that is being used as overlay is #box
$('#box').fadeIn("slow").css({
"background-color": "rgba(0,0,0,0.8)",
"width" : pageWidth,
"height" : pageHeight,
"z-index" : "10",
'position' :'absolute',
'top' :'0',
'left' :'0'
});
and you have a click event handler attached to it firing a fadeout.
EDIT:
To be able to close it just with the overlay use this:
$('#box').click(function(e){
if (e.target.id != 'box'){return false;}
$(this).fadeOut("slow");
});
Demo here
A:
You need to move your overlay from being the wrapper for the modal to just a placeholder tag. It should not be parent of the modal. Click event on the modal will propagate to the click event of the overlay and it evetually closes. Try this way:
Move box out
<div id="box"></div>
<div id="modal"> <a href="#" class="close"><div>close</div></a>
<div class="wrapper">
<h1 style="text-align:center">Title Here</h1>
<p style="text-align:center">Do what ever you want here crete a form add an image gallery etc.</p>
</div>
</div>
Demo
and add these:
$('#box, #modal').hide();
// close modal
$('.close').click(function () {
$('#box, #modal').fadeOut("slow");
});
$('#box').click(function () {
$(this).add('#modal').fadeOut("slow");
});
|
Degradation and endoplasmic reticulum retention of unassembled alpha- and beta-subunits of Na,K-ATPase correlate with interaction of BiP.
Assembly of alpha- and beta-subunits in the endoplasmic reticulum is a prerequisite for the structural and functional maturation of oligomeric P-type ATPases. In Xenopus oocytes, overexpressed, unassembled alpha- and beta-subunits of Xenopus Na,K-ATPase are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are degraded with different kinetics, while unassembled beta-subunits of gastric H, K-ATPase leave the ER. In this study, we have investigated the role of the immunoglobulin-binding protein, BiP, in the folding, assembly, and ER retention of ATPase subunits. We determined the primary sequence of Xenopus BiP and used polyclonal antibodies to examine the interaction with BiP of various wild type and mutant alpha- and beta-subunits overexpressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our results show that ER-retained, unassembled Na,K-ATPase beta-subunits, but not transport-competent H,K-ATPase beta-subunits, efficiently associate with BiP until assembly with alpha-subunits occurs. Furthermore, the kinetics of BiP interaction with unassembled wild type and with mutant Na,K-ATPase beta-subunits parallels their respective stability against cellular degradation. Finally, alpha-subunits that are overexpressed in oocytes and are rapidly degraded and endogenous oocyte alpha-subunits that are stably expressed as individual assembly-competent proteins also interact with oocyte or exogenous BiP, and the interaction time correlates with the protein's stability. These data demonstrate for the first time that BiP might be involved in a long term maturation arrest and/or in the ER quality control of a multimembrane-spanning protein and lend support for a universal chaperone function of BiP. |
journal posts
Entries tagged with kat s-320
[It's been a while, Paradisa, but there is a light-blue space marine patrolling the halls again. Just breaking 7' with her full suit on, her right arm a robotic prosthetic that moves as fluidly as if it were flesh and blood, she can be found making her way about the interior of the castle, reading all of the nameplates and look for anyone familiar. She dictates into the journal as she does, in her thick Israeli accent]
[Kat's in her hangar, working on schematics and starting a new, large project. What this place needed was a tank. She's got the doors wide open, feel free to wander in and bother the Spartan.]
I don't know about anyone else, but as much as the nightmares were an unwanted experience forced on us against our will, it was ... refreshing, I think, to get a reminder of home; of what we're fighting for, of what's important.
York
[Even though it was just a dream, she still feels pretty guilt-ridden that she allowed York to die in her nightmare.]
I owe you a ... beer. [That's what civvies did, right?]
Noble Team
Falcon drills at 1600. Be at the hangar at 1530. I want to see just how rusty we've gotten. [Nightmares get to her? Maybe. Probably. Yes.]
[Obviously this is another test. Last time, York had said the objective here was to 'explore and survive', so she's certain there's got to be a twist, second time around.]
Catherine Beta-320 reporting for duty.
[That check-in out of the way, she's going to roam the halls, taking note of the new and old name plates and reacquainting herself with the layout. To her, it's been a couple years since she's been here.]
[[OOC: open journal, open action hallways! Broad filter; if you think this means your character, than it probably does!]]
[Kat's journal opens with a CRASH. Nope, the castle hadn't forgotten about all the components she'd previously wished for in order to make her impressive armory, a hangar, and the FALCON. One wish for breakfast as she was finishing her morning routine brought it all down on her in one fell swoop, and for someone unused to feeling at such a disadvantage she'd lost her balance directly into her desk.]
[Thanks to the castle's meddling, Kat's official first day back had been spent relaxing, and while it had been a little frustrating to not be able to jump right into things the way she would have liked, it did give her a chance to reflect on the memories she was still receiving and digging up.]
[But, now she was back on her terms, and that meant getting down to business.]
Filtered to Friends and Allies, both new and old
Status report. Now. I've got a lot of catching up to do.
/Filter
[A faint pause after that filter. She'd had certain memories, recollections of past conversations, she knew what would have happened if she had really been sent home, and just Jorge's and Six's presence here reinforces what she had at one time thought was a complete and utter lie.]
[There's a small hint of amusement amid the determination in her voice.] I guess it is true. Spartans never die.
[She'll be reacquainting herself with the castle and surrounding grounds today, patrolling in full armor. Feel free to run into her anywhere!]
[Kat's busy digging through her things, looking for the notes she knows she has for a pretty decent chariot design, when she finds someone's journal in with her stuff.]
[Except it has her name and some sort of call number on it, and it talks. Of all the strange things that had been happening lately, this was pretty high on the list.]
[A quick inspection of the thing definitely has it as some sort of communication device, and she hears some of the other campers, and while a lot of it made sense -- talk of the protest, classes, that sort of thing -- there was a fair bit that didn't. Curiostiy meant that she only paused briefly before clearing her throat and speaking into it.] |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for operating an active pixel sensor cell and, more particularly, to a method that reduces noise in the photo information extracted from the cell.
2. Description of the Related Art
Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have been the mainstay of conventional imaging circuits for converting a pixel of light energy into an electrical signal that represents the intensity of the light energy. In general, CCDs utilize a photogate to convert the light energy into an electrical charge, and a series of electrodes to transfer the charge collected at the photogate to an output sense node.
Although CCDs have many strengths, which include a high sensitivity and fill-factor, CCDs also suffer from a number of weaknesses. Most notable among these weaknesses, which include limited readout rates and dynamic range limitations, is the difficulty in integrating CCDs with CMOS-based microprocessors.
To overcome the limitations of CCD-based imaging circuits, more recent imaging circuits use active pixel sensor cells to convert a pixel of light energy into an electrical signal. With active pixel sensor cells, a conventional photodiode is typically combined with a number of active transistors which, in addition to forming an electrical signal, provide amplification, readout control, and reset control.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a conventional CMOS active pixel sensor cell 10. As shown in FIG. 1, cell 10 includes a photodiode 12 connected to a first intermediate node N.sub.IM1, and a reset transistor 14 that has a drain connected to a power supply node N.sub.PS, a source connected to node N.sub.IM1, and a gate connected to a first input node N.sub.IN1.
Cell 10 further includes a buffer transistor 16 and a row-select transistor 18. Buffer transistor 16 has a drain connected to node N.sub.PS, a source connected to a second intermediate node N.sub.IM2, and a gate connected to node N.sub.IM1, while row-select transistor 18 has a drain connected to node N.sub.IM2, a source connected to a third intermediate node N.sub.IM3, and a gate connected to a second input node N.sub.IN2. In addition, a detection and calculation circuit 20 is connected to the third intermediate node N.sub.IM3.
FIGS. 2A-2C show timing diagrams that illustrate the operation of cell 10. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A-2C, the operation of cell 10 begins by briefly pulsing the gate of reset transistor 14 with a reset voltage V.sub.RESET at time t.sub.1. The reset voltage V.sub.RESET, which is equal to Vcc (+5V), resets the voltage on photodiode 12 to an initial integration voltage to begin an image collection cycle.
At this point, the initial integration voltage on photodiode 12 (the first intermediate node N.sub.IM1) is defined by the equation V.sub.RESET -V.sub.T14 -V.sub.CLOCK, where V.sub.T14 represents the threshold voltage of reset transistor 14, and V.sub.CLOCK represents reset noise from the pulsed reset voltage (assumed to be constant). Similarly, the initial integration voltage on the second intermediate node N.sub.IM2 is defined by the equation V.sub.RESET -V.sub.T14 -V.sub.CLOCK -V.sub.T16, where V.sub.T16 represents the threshold voltage of buffer transistor 16 (functioning as a source follower).
After the reset voltage V.sub.RESET has been pulsed and the voltage on photodiode 12 (the first intermediate node N.sub.IM1) has been reset, a row-select voltage V.sub.RS is applied to the second input node N.sub.IN2 at a time t.sub.2 which immediately follows the falling edge of the reset pulse V.sub.RESET. The row select voltage V.sub.RS causes the voltage on the second intermediate node N.sub.IM2, which represents the initial integration voltage of the cycle, to appear on the third intermediate node N.sub.IM3. Detection and calculation circuit 20 then amplifies, digitizes, and stores the value of the initial integration voltage as it appears on the third intermediate node N.sub.IM3.
Next, from time t.sub.2, which represents the beginning of the image collection cycle, to a time t.sub.3, which represents the end of the image collection cycle, light energy, in the form of photons, strikes photodiode 12, thereby creating a number of electron-hole pairs. Photodiode 12 is designed to limit recombination between the newly formed electron-hole pairs.
As a result, the photogenerated holes are attracted to the ground terminal of photodiode 12, while the photogenerated electrons are attracted to the positive terminal of photodiode 12 where each additional electron reduces the voltage on photodiode 12 (the first intermediate node N.sub.IM1) . Thus, at the end of the image collection cycle, a final integration voltage will be present on photodiode 12 (the first intermediate node N.sub.IM1).
At this point (time t.sub.3) , the final integration voltage on photodiode 12 (the first intermediate node N.sub.IM1) is defined by the equation V.sub.RESET -V.sub.T14 -V.sub.CLOCK -V.sub.S, where V.sub.S represents the change in voltage due to the absorbed photons. Similarly, the final integration voltage on the second intermediate node N.sub.IM2 is defined by the equation V.sub.RESET -V.sub.T14 -V.sub.CLOCK -V.sub.T16 -V.sub.S.
At the end of the image collection cycle (time t.sub.3), the row-select voltage V.sub.RS is again applied to the second input node N.sub.IN2. The row select voltage V.sub.RS causes the voltage on the second intermediate node N.sub.IM2, which represents the final integration voltage of the cycle, to appear on the third intermediate node N.sub.IM3. Detection and calculation circuit 20 then amplifies and digitizes the value of the final integration voltage as it appears on the third intermediate node N.sub.IM3.
Following this, detection and calculation circuit 20 determines the number of photons that have been collected during the integration cycle by calculating the difference in voltage between the digitized final integration voltage taken at time t.sub.3 and the digitized stored initial integration voltage taken at time t.sub.2. At this point, the difference is voltage is defined by the equation (V.sub.RESET -V.sub.T14 -V.sub.CLOCK -V.sub.T16)-(V.sub.RESET -V.sub.T14 -V.sub.CLOCK -V.sub.T16 -V.sub.S), thereby yielding the value V.sub.S.
Once the final integration voltage has been digitized by detection and calculation circuit 20, the reset voltage V.sub.RESET is again applied to the first input node N.sub.IN1 at time t.sub.4, which immediately follows the rising edge of the row select voltage V.sub.RS at time t.sub.3. The reset voltage V.sub.RESET again resets the voltage on photodiode 12 to begin another image collection cycle.
One of the problems with active pixel sensor cell 10, however, is that the reset voltage V.sub.RESET and the row-select voltage V.sub.RS have periods, both of which are approximately 30 mS, which are sufficiently long enough to introduce a substantial amount of 1/f noise into the cell. 1/f noise, which results from the trapping and de-trapping of surface charges, can be accurately modeled as variations in the threshold voltages of the reset and buffer transistors 14 and 16.
As a result, the number of photons which are absorbed by photodiode 12 during an image collection period is more properly defined by the equation (V.sub.RESET -V.sub.T14 -V.sub.CLOCK -V.sub.T16)-(V.sub.RESET -V.sub.T14 -V.sub.CLOCK -V.sub.T16 -V.sub.S -V.sub..alpha.), where V.sub..alpha. represents the variations in the threshold voltages of transistors 14 and 16 due to 1/f noise.
Thus, the variations in the threshold voltages of the reset and buffer transistors 14 and 16 add an error term V.sub..alpha. which erroneously yields V.sub.S +V.sub..alpha. as the number of absorbed photons, thereby limiting the accuracy of the cell.
Thus, to reduce the introduction of errors, there is a need for a method for operating an active pixel sensor cell that reduces 1/f-noise variations in the threshold voltages of the reset and buffer transistors. |
President Trump and U.S. military leadership clashed this weekend over the case of Chief Petty Officer Edward Gallagher, a highly decorated Navy SEAL accused and acquitted of war crimes but convicted of posing in a photograph with a dead militant’s…
After two weeks of testimony, Chief Edward Gallagher was found not guilty of murdering a suspected ISIS prisoner in Iraq. The decorated Navy SEAL had been accused of stabbing the wounded teenage captive, as well as attempted murder of Iraqi…
In our news wrap Tuesday, White House and Justice Department officials confirmed the U.S. Census Bureau will begin printing forms for the 2020 survey, without a citizenship question. Also, members of the European Union have broken a deadlock and chosen…
A daring rescue mission in the treacherous confines of a flooded cave in northern Thailand has saved all 12 boys and their soccer coach who were trapped deep within the labyrinth, ending a grueling 18-day ordeal that claimed the life…
More than a month after a controversial U.S. Special Operations raid in Yemen -- during which Navy SEAL Ryan Owens was killed -- there are still questions about how the mission was authorized, what it accomplished and more. Chief foreign…
In our news wrap Tuesday, President Trump said in an interview on FOX News that he followed his generals' advice in ordering a U.S. military raid that left a Navy SEAL dead. Also, billionaire investor Wilbur Ross was sworn-in by…
In our news wrap Wednesday, President Trump flew to Dover Air Force Base to honor the first U.S. serviceman killed in combat since he took office, as the remains of William "Ryan" Owens, a Navy SEAL arrived for a special… |
Pages
Wednesday, October 13, 2010
I love the little factoid Doug Smith dropped today after the Raptors lost their preseason game against the Bulls:
Oh, had Tuesday's game in Chicago been a regular season affair, you would have witnessed history, had you witnessed the game.
The 22 rebounds collared by the collection of Rodmanesque Raptors represent the fewest in any game ever played by Toronto.
The low for games that count is 24, set one night in February, 1998 against Miami.
When Bargnani is your starting centre, your team will get outrebounded - unless you have Dennis Rodman playing beside him, in which case you might break even (and yes, Bargnani didn't start the game, but he played the most minutes of anyone at any position). This will be a season-long trend unless the Raptors can replace Bargnani with a centre who at least rebounds as well as an average PF.
By the way, the preseason spreadsheet will be updated every time I input new data, so its numbers no longer match the text I included in the last preseason review - in case anyone freaks out.
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Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
That means that you may share and remix this content as you like as long as you give me credit, don't try to sell it, and make your work available under this same license. |
Yarmouth native Oliver Wahlstrom was taken by the New York Islanders with the 11th overall pick in the NHL draft Friday night, becoming the first Maine native selected in the first round.
The only Americans selected ahead of Wahlstrom were two college players – forward Brady Tkachuk of Boston University, taken fourth by Ottawa, and Michigan defenseman Quintin Hughes, who went seventh to Vancouver.
Wahlstrom grew up in Yarmouth and played for North Yarmouth Academy before going to prep school in Minnesota and then joining the U.S. National Development Team Program. He plans to attend Boston College this fall, and the Islanders would retain Wahlstrom’s rights until he leaves college and turns pro.
Previously, three Maine players were drafted in the second round – Eric Weinrich of Gardiner in 1985 (32nd overall), Brian Dumoulin of Biddeford in 2009 (51st) and Brian Hart of Cumberland in 2012 (53rd).
Wahlstrom, a 6-foot-1, 207-pound forward, was called “the best goal-scorer in the draft” by draft analyst Craig Button. He starred for the U.S. team that won a silver medal at this year’s U18 world championship, scoring seven goals in seven games. He was also on the gold-medal winning team in 2017.
Wahlstrom was the leading scorer this season for the National Development Team with 48 goals and 46 assists in 62 games.
Before Wahlstrom was selected, Swedish defenseman Rasmus Dahlin went first overall to the Buffalo Sabres, and Russian winger Andrei Svechnikov was drafted second by the Carolina Hurricanes.
The Sabres taking Dahlin was expected since they won the draft lottery in April, and the 18-year-old wore a Buffalo Bills hat Friday prior to the selection. He’s the second Swedish player to be taken No. 1 and the first since Mats Sundin in 1989. Sundin went on to a Hall of Fame career.
“It’s pretty crazy actually,” Dahlin said. “He’s a legend in the hockey world. It’s kind of weird but amazing.”
The selections after Dahlin and Svechnikov brought some surprises. Montreal took Finnish center Jesperi Kotkaniemi third, and Arizona went a bit off the board with center Barrett Hayton fifth, allowing high-scoring Czech winger Filip Zadina to fall to Detroit with the sixth pick.
“I wasn’t really surprised,” said Kotkaniemi, who had been linked to the Canadiens in recent days. “I heard that they were looking for centers. So I hoped that they chose me.”
Red Wings General Manager Ken Holland said before the draft that they were going to take the player they thought would be the best down the road. Holland figured Zadina can be a 30-goal scorer in the NHL.
“We’re trying to build,” Holland said. “We’re looking to acquire as much talent as we can as quickly as possible.”
Dahlin should spark the rebuilding process for Buffalo, which has missed the playoffs in each of the past seven seasons. The smooth-skating playmaker was considered the consensus first pick for more than a year.
“It’s been a long waiting,” Dahlin said. “You can’t really plan anything. Finally today I can plan my future. I love to call my new town Buffalo.”
Dahlin will jump to the NHL right away and should help the club’s league-worst offense that contributed to its last-place finish. He had six assists in seven games at the world junior championships in Buffalo and put up 20 points in 41 games in Sweden’s top pro league this season.
General Manager Jason Botterill and his staff met with Dahlin at the scouting combine in Buffalo and came away as impressed with the young Swede’s self-assessment as his on-ice talent.
“I think Mr. Dahlin could improve pretty much 31 teams in the National Hockey League,” Botterill said earlier in the day. “You watch him on the ice and you’re very impressed with his hockey sense, his speed, his puck skills but a very humble man off the ice.”
About an hour before the Sabres were on the clock, the Stanley Cup champion Washington Capitals made the first trade of draft weekend by sending veteran defenseman Brooks Orpik and backup goaltender Philipp Grubauer to the Colorado Avalanche for a second-round pick. The trade netted Washington the 47th pick, but most importantly cleared significant salary-cap space to attempt to re-sign pending free agent defensemen John Carlson and Michal Kempny.
Capitals General Manager Brian MacLellan has spoken with Carlson’s agent about a deal but had not agreed to one as of Friday night.
Grubauer was the first domino to fall in what could be a fascinating goaltending market. Ottawa’s Craig Anderson is reportedly available, and Columbus might have to make a decision on Sergei Bobrovsky if the two-time Vezina winner isn’t willing to talk about a contract extension with just a year left before free agency.
Send questions/comments to the editors. |
The present invention relates to a lock construction in which a sliding bolt is moved by a pivoted handle.
There have been provided in the prior art various constructions in which a bolt is slidable by a pivoted handle, and in which the bolt may be selectively locked into the extended or locked position thereof by a key-operated barrel lock.
George U.S. Pat. No. 2,348,065 discloses a construction in which there is a sliding bolt that is spring urged into the extended or locked position, and which bolt is moved to the retracted position by a pivoted handle which overlies it, and has extending from it a lug which engages in a recess in the bolt. A key-operated barrel lock has a detent extending from it in the axial direction, the barrel lock being positioned generally at right angles to the bolt. The detent in one position of the barrel lock cooperates with a lug extending transversely of the bolt, in order to lock the bolt against opening movement. This construction results in a lock which is comparatively thick or deep, due to the fact that the depth dimension must be the sum of the axial length of the key-operated lock and the thickness of the bolt. In addition, a separate plate must be provided in this construction in order to conceal and protect the bolt.
Halinka U.S. Pat. No. 1,299,177 provides a lock construction including a bolt which is slidable, and has a yoke providing an aperture, and at its rear end has a head, for locking. The bolt is spring urged in the extended position. A handle is mounted in a recess in the housing which supports the bolt, and covers and conceals the bolt in the locked position of the bolt. The handle is pivoted, and has a lug extending downwardly into the yoke, so as to effect movement of the bolt. In axial alignment with the bolt there is provided a combination lock, at the rear of the bolt, the lock having within the housing a disk with an opening in it, the disk being posibionable so that the opening is aligned with the head of the bolt, located at the rear end of the bolt, thereby permitting movement of the bolt towards the retracted position when the handle is operated and the slot in the locking disk is aligned with the head of the bolt. This construction requires a relatively long construction, since the combination lock is in alignment with the bolt.
Troche et al U.S. Pat. No. 2,668,076 discloses a lock construction in which a bolt is slidable in a housing, and is spring urged to the extended position. The bolt has an opening which receives a lug of a pivoted handle, so that upon pivoting of the handle, the bolt is urged against the spring force to the withdrawn position. The handle is positioned in a recess of the housing, and has an additional plate which serves to cover and protect the bolt. At the rear end of the bolt, there is provided a key-operated barrel lock, having a radial extension which may be positioned in alignment with the bolt, so as to block movement of it, or positioned out of alignment, so as to permit movement of the bolt. The barrel lock is in axial alignment with the bolt, and thereby provides a construction which is relatively long.
Swedish Pat. No. 119,133 discloses a hasp-like lock construction in which a bolt is slidable by a link which is pivoted to the bolt and to a handle which is pivoted between a bolt-open position and a locked position. In the locked position, the handle overlies the link and the bolt, and has an opening which receives a staple. The staple may receive a separate securing device, which will prevent opening movement of the handle. The securing device may be a peg or a pad lock, and thus this construction is not an integral lock construction.
Biebuyck U.S. Pat. No. 3,680,901 discloses a lock or latch for a door, being mounted in an edge of the door. A sliding bolt is provided, which is extended and retracted by pivotal movement of a handle which is pivotably supported on a housing, and which is pivoted to the bolt.
Italian U.S. Pat. No. 595,627 also shows a construction in which a sliding bolt is connected to a rotating handle by a link which is pin connected to the end of the rotating handle and an end of the bolt. The handle is pivoted intermediate its ends, and pivoting movement of the handle serves to shift the bolt axially between extended and retracted positions.
Montgomery U.S. Pat. No. 202,186 discloses a lock construction in which a plate supports a bolt for sliding movement, being mounted on the under side of the plate. On the upper side of the plate is a handle construction, the handle being pivoted at one end to the plate, and having a crank mechanism to which is pivotally connected a link, the link being connected at its other end to a lug of the bolt which extends through a slot in the plate. Rotational movement of the handle thereby effects sliding movement of the bolt between extended and retracted positions. The handle is open, exposing the connecting link and the crank of the handle, and in this construction there is not provided a lock of any type. |
I hope for some helpful assistance.I found something really strange. I have Nagios setup to Ping every 5 mins and then if it doesn't respond to try again every min for 4 times. With this setting, it would cause issues with the voice quality on the SIP Phone System. When I would # out the host name to disable it temp, it would then stop effecting the phones.
Does anyone have any thoughts why this would be happening? I've never heard of a ping causing voice quality issues. I can post config settings if needed. I have been searching lot of VoIP hosting explainer videos for some help but did not get any useful help till now .Any tips from experienced bake sellers also welcome .Please help me . |
The relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes: an integrative review.
The purpose of this integrative review was to describe the relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes and to explore factors which affect this relationship. In the past 15 years, research has indicated that youth with type 1 diabetes face considerable self-management challenges and are at increased risk for poor metabolic control. To enhance the development of behavioural interventions for youth with type 1 diabetes, the relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control needs to be more clearly elucidated. Research studies that examined the relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes were included (n = 18). The electronic databases searched included OVID, MEDLINE (1996 to present), SCOPUS (1996 to January 2010) and PubMed (1996 to January 2010). An integrative literature review was carried out using Whittemore's modified framework for data collection, analysis and synthesis. A positive relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes was supported in longitudinal studies and in studies where the mean age was >13 years. Factors influencing this relationship are identified. Measurement of self-management was quite variable. Interventions targeting self-management in youth with type 1 diabetes are indicated, particularly in families of diverse race and ethnicity globally. Further evaluation of the measures of self-management and more longitudinal research are also indicated. |
In these Catecheses we wish to understand a little more what the Church is. The last time we meditated on the theme of Apostolic Tradition. We saw that it is not a collection of things or words, like a box of dead things. Tradition is the river of new life that flows from the origins, from Christ down to us, and makes us participate in God's history with humanity.
This topic of Tradition is so important that I would like to reflect upon it again today: indeed, it is of great importance for the life of the Church.
The Second Vatican Council pointed out in this regard that Tradition is primarily apostolic in its origins: "God graciously arranged that the things he had once revealed for the salvation of all peoples should remain in their entirety, throughout the ages, and be transmitted to all generations.
Therefore, Christ the Lord, in whom the entire Revelation of the Most High God is summed up (cf. II Cor 1: 20; and 3: 16-4, 6), commanded the Apostles to preach the Gospel... and communicate the gifts of God to all men. This Gospel was to be the source of all saving truth and moral discipline" (Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, n. 7).
The Council noted further that this was faithfully done "by the Apostles who handed on, by the spoken word of their preaching, by the example they gave, by the institutions they established, what they themselves had received - whether from the lips of Christ, from his way of life and his works, or whether they had learned it at the prompting of the Holy Spirit" (ibid.).
The Council adds that there were "other men associated with the Apostles, who, under the inspiration of the same Holy Spirit, committed the message of salvation to writing" (ibid.).
As heads of the eschatological Israel, and likewise as Twelve, the number of the tribes of the Chosen People, the Apostles continued the "gathering" begun by the Lord and did so first and foremost by transmitting faithfully the gift received, the Good News of the Kingdom that came to people in Jesus Christ.
Their number not only expresses continuity with the holy root, the Israel of the 12 tribes, but also the universal destination of their ministry, which brought salvation to the very ends of the earth. This can be understood from the symbolic value that the numbers have in the Semitic world: twelve results from the multiplication of three, a perfect number, and four, a number that refers to the four cardinal points, hence, to the whole world.
The community, born from the proclamation of the Gospel, recognizes that it was called by the words of those who were the first to experience the Lord and were sent out by him. It knows that it can count on the guidance of the Twelve, as well as that of those who were gradually associated with them as their successors in the ministry of the Word and in the service of communion. Consequently, the community feels committed to transmit to others the "Good News" of the actual presence of the Lord and of his Paschal Mystery, brought about in the Spirit.
This is clearly highlighted and visible in certain passages of the Pauline Letters: "I delivered to you... what I also received" (I Cor 15: 3). And this is important. St Paul, it is well-known, originally called by Christ with a personal vocation, was a real Apostle, yet for him too, fidelity to what he received was fundamentally important. He did not want "to invent" a new, so-to-speak, "Pauline" Christianity. Therefore, he insisted, "I have passed on to you what I too received". He passed on the initial gift that comes from the Lord and the truth that saves.
Then, towards the end of his life, he wrote to Timothy: "Guard this rich trust with the help of the Holy Spirit that dwells within us (II Tm 1: 14).
It is also effectively demonstrated by this ancient testimony of the Christian faith written by Tertullian in about the year 200: "(The Apostles) after first bearing witness to the faith in Jesus Christ throughout Judea and founding Churches (there), they next went forth into the world and preached the same doctrine of the same faith to the nations. They then in like manner founded Churches in every city, from which all the other Churches, one after another, derived the tradition of the faith and the seeds of doctrine, and are every day deriving them, that they may become Churches. Indeed, it is on this account only that they will be able to deem themselves apostolic, as being the offspring of apostolic Churches" (Tertullian, De Praescriptione Haereticorum, 20: PL 2, 32).
The Second Vatican Council comments: "What was handed on by the Apostles comprises everything that serves to make the People of God live their lives in holiness and increase their faith. In this way the Church, in her doctrine, life and worship, perpetuates and transmits to every generation all that she herself is, all that she believes" (Dei Verbum, n. 8).
The Church transmits all that she is and believes, she hands it down through worship, life and doctrine.
So it is that Tradition is the living Gospel, proclaimed by the Apostles in its integrity on the basis of the fullness of their unique and unrepeatable experience: through their activity the faith is communicated to others, even down to us, until the end of the world. Tradition, therefore, is the history of the Spirit who acts in the Church's history through the mediation of the Apostles and their successors, in faithful continuity with the experience of the origins.
This is what St Clement of Rome said towards the end of the first century: "The Apostles", he wrote, "have preached the Gospel to us from the Lord Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ was sent by God. Christ, therefore, was sent forth by God, and the Apostles by Christ.
"Both these appointments, then, were made in an orderly way, according to the will of God.... Our Apostles also knew, through Our Lord Jesus Christ, that there would be strife on account of the episcopal office.
"For this reason, therefore, inasmuch as they had obtained a perfect foreknowledge of this, they appointed those [ministers] already mentioned, and afterwards gave instructions that when these should fall asleep, other approved men should succeed them in their ministry" (Ad Corinthios, 42, 44: PG 1, 292, 296). This chain of service has continued until today; it will continue to the end of the world. Indeed, the mandate that Jesus conferred upon the Apostles was passed on by them to their successors. Going beyond the experience of personal contact with Christ, unique and unrepeatable, the Apostles passed on to their successors the solemn mandate that they had received from the Master to go out into the world. "Apostle" comes precisely from the Greek term, "apostéllein", which means "to send forth".
The apostolic mandate - as the text of Matthew shows (Mt 28: 19ff.) - implies a service that is pastoral ("Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations..."), liturgical ("baptizing them"), and prophetic ("teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you"), guaranteed by the Lord's closeness, until the end of time ("and lo, I am with you always, to the close of the age").
Thus, but differently from the Apostles, we too have a true, personal experience of the presence of the Risen Lord.
Therefore, through the apostolic ministry it is Christ himself who reaches those who are called to the faith. The distance of the centuries is overcome and the Risen One offers himself alive and active for our sake, in the Church and in the world today.
This is our great joy. In the living river of Tradition, Christ is not 2,000 years away but is really present among us and gives us the Truth, he gives us the light that makes us live and find the way towards the future.
* * *
To special groups
I welcome all the English-speaking pilgrims here today, including groups from Britain and Ireland, from Asia and from the United States of America. In this month of May I entrust you to the maternal protection of our Blessed Lady, Queen of Peace. Upon all of you I invoke the abundant Blessings of our Risen Saviour.
I would now like to address the young people, the sick and the newly-weds. We have just begun the month of May, dedicated especially to the Virgin Mary, and I urge you, dear young people, to study every day at her school, to learn from her to do God's will. Contemplating the Mother of the Crucified Christ, dear sick people, may you be able to accept the saving value of every cross, even those that are the heaviest. Lastly, I entrust you, dear newly-weds, to the motherly protection of the Blessed Virgin, so that you may create in your families the atmosphere of prayer and love of the House of Nazareth. |
Q:
How to convert seconds to time format?
For some reason I convert a time format like: 03:30 to seconds 3*3600 + 30*60, now. I wanna convert it back to its first (same) format up there. How could that be?
My attempt:
3*3600 + 30*60 = 12600
12600 / 60 = 210 / 60 = 3.5, floor(3.5) = 3 = hour
Now, what about the minutes?
Considering the value can be like 19:00 or 02:51.
I think you got the picture.
And by the way, how to convert 2:0 for example to 02:00 using RegEx?
A:
This might be simpler
gmdate("H:i:s", $seconds)
PHP gmdate
A:
$hours = floor($seconds / 3600);
$mins = floor($seconds / 60 % 60);
$secs = floor($seconds % 60);
If you want to get time format:
$timeFormat = sprintf('%02d:%02d:%02d', $hours, $mins, $secs);
A:
If the you know the times will be less than an hour, you could just use the date() or $date->format() functions.
$minsandsecs = date('i:s',$numberofsecs);
This works because the system epoch time begins at midnight (on 1 Jan 1970, but that's not important for you).
If it's an hour or more but less than a day, you could output it in hours:mins:secs format with `
$hoursminsandsecs = date('H:i:s',$numberofsecs);
For more than a day, you'll need to use modulus to calculate the number of days, as this is where the start date of the epoch would become relevant.
Hope that helps.
|
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a closure device and more particularly to a closure for closing plastic bags or the like.
2. Description of the Related Art
Many types of closures have been provided for closing the bunched end of a plastic bag or the like. Perhaps the most common type of closure is the twist tie type which consists of a thin wire embedded in an elongated strip of plastic or paper. While the twist ties are generally satisfactory and are fairly easy to use, the twist ties are easily dislodged from the bag and therefore do not provide a secure closure.
Another type of common closure is the "saw blade" type which is comprised of an elongated flat plastic member having an opening at one end thereof and a plurality of serrated teeth at the other end thereof which are adapted to be received in the opening at the other end of the device. These type of closures are more difficult to use and are not believed to provide a positive closure for the bag.
Other types of bag closures are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,997,943; 4,306,745; 4,835,820; 4,871,265; 4,887,835; 4,951,362; 5,109,576 and 5,199,794. All of the prior art closure devices are believed to suffer one or more shortcomings whether those shortcomings be convenience of use, durability, positive lock, expense, etc. |
Last month, the engineering department at Slack—an instant messaging platform commonly used for community and small business organization—released a new distributed VPN mesh tool called Nebula. Nebula is free and open source software, available under the MIT license.
It's difficult to coherently explain Nebula in a nutshell. According to the people on Slack's engineering team, they asked themselves "what is the easiest way to securely connect tens of thousands of computers, hosted at multiple cloud service providers in dozens of locations around the globe?" And (developing) Nebula was the best answer they had. It's a portable, scalable overlay networking tool that runs on most major platforms, including Linux, MacOS, and Windows, with some mobile device support planned for the near future.
Nebula-transmitted data is fully encrypted using the Noise protocol framework, which is also used in modern, highly security-focused projects such as Signal and WireGuard. Unlike more traditional VPN technologies—including WireGuard—Nebula automatically and dynamically discovers available routes between nodes and sends traffic down the most efficient path between any two nodes rather than forcing everything through a central distribution point.
Getting started with Nebula isn't too difficult, although the documentation is a little sparse. The Github repository for Nebula makes binaries for Windows, Linux, and MacOS available, along with a sample configuration file. The config files consists of pki, static_host_map, lighthouse, listen, tun, and firewall sections.
Jim Salter
Jim Salter
Jim Salter
Nebula's term for a publicly-available node in the network is a "lighthouse." Lighthouse nodes should be available over underlying network connections without Nebula up and running, and they represent a point of entry for new nodes joining the network. But once a node has joined the network, it won't need to route all its traffic through a lighthouse—nodes will automatically discover the most efficient path between themselves, and if that doesn't include a lighthouse node in the middle, that's fine. Even if traffic needs to punch across NAT "the wrong way," there's no problem—because each node behind NAT will make and keep open tunnels to all nodes it knows about.
Jim Salter
Jim Salter
Jim Salter
We tested this by connecting four nodes in a small Nebula network: a lighthouse node hosted at Digital Ocean—which we creatively named lighthouse—and three member nodes in a small office. Two of our member nodes (nat0 and nat1) are on the main LAN in the office, and the third member node, doublenat, is on a separate subnet, connected behind node nat0.
It didn't take much testing to confirm that Nebula's promise to automatically discover the best route works as advertised. When running an iperf3 network speed test from nat1 to doublenat, we got 674Mbps throughput, making it painfully clear that packets aren't being routed through lighthouse, which is in Digital Ocean's New York datacenter several hundred miles away. Instead, doublenat has punched a tunnel outward through the NAT (Network Address Translation) layer directly to nat1, and the two hosts can use that established tunnel to communicate directly.
We can already hear some of you clamoring, "can I use this to escape obnoxious networks with overbearing firewalls?" and the answer—sorry!—is "probably not." Just like WireGuard, Nebula operates over UDP only—so overzealous firewalls that won't allow WireGuard connections won't allow Nebula either. This also sharply limits its value as an exfiltration tool, since a big wash of outbound traffic on an arbitrary UDP port will stick out like a sore thumb to any network analysis tools, even if the firewall allows it.
We think that the greatest potential value to using Nebula over a more conventional VPN tool like WireGuard is its ability to discover the most efficient routes wherever it happens to be. If you have Nebula running on your laptop, your home PC, and a Digital Ocean droplet, the laptop will communicate with the PC at LAN speeds when it's at home and Internet speeds when it's on the road.
Listing image by NSSDC Photo Gallery |
Ok so I’m thinking of adding an opening to these posts, like in anime. Anyways if you think I should keep it than vote here ——>http://www.strawpoll.me/11450362, otherwise I just won’t add it. But if people do want me to keep the OP than your required to listen to the part I give you while reading until it finishes. (play it as many times as you want after that, I don’t give a Lay (shit)).
Op-1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ti0zpSiXse4&t=1m10s
Fun fact. Regulus is used 198 times in this chapter. I can sense all the Regulus fan boys and girls cumming in unison.
===========================================================================
*So Subaru’s in a church with Reinhard and Regulus. There’s a dust and shit all over the place*
*Regulus has Emilia in a Chris Brown lock (gripping Emilia by the neck)*
*Reinhard does a couple of slashes or whatever*
*Regulus gets blown back and emilia is on the ground w̶h̶e̶r̶e̶ ̶s̶h̶e̶ ̶s̶h̶o̶u̶l̶d̶ ̶b̶e̶.
*Emilias on the ground gasping for air. w̶h̶a̶t̶s̶ ̶n̶e̶w̶?̶*
*some random girl with golden hair comes out of nowhere, and he can’t see her face*
*something about an icewall keeping Emilia safe*
*subaru’s all like “Ohh shes a koochi ma ma eyyyy lmao lemme get ur phone girl*
Emilia tan are you ok? said subaru
Yea. But my throat kinda hurts (kek).
Did he do anything strange? He molested you, licking you on the cheek or tongue in different ways? In that cute wedding dress? Clothes or not, it’s Regulus right? That bastard!. But I link his choice for the wedding dress.
*Reinhard wipes some blood off his manly totally ripped chest*
*Reinhard has a blessing that lets him revive once (lol), and he already used that cuz gg Regulus*
*Basically Reinhard is saying if he dies again he’s dead for good….. or for worse&
*Regulus comes back and is flaming Emilia. Calling her witch witch witch bitch witch witch*
*Subaru whips it out…… his whip that is*
*blah blah blah Reinhard kicks Regulus and he gets blown outside the church (no homo).*
*Emilia makes an ice sword into her hand…. she gives it to Reinhard and Reinhard does a respectful bow than goes outside to fight Regulus*
*I might be reading this wrong but it basically says all of Regulus’s harem is running outside of the church (50 people not including Reinhard)*
*Subaru’s wondering if they’re part of the witch cult but Emilia says they were forced into Regulus’s harem.
*outside the church rocks and debris were wising like bullets.
Are you injured Emilia? said Subaru while she was rocking the blonde woman’s shoulder.
*blah blah blah the girl in Emilia’s arm shows some emotion after saying that Reinhard is the sword saint*
*Reinhards doing some cool shit which will probably be cooler when its animated*
*Subaru calls Regulus a rapist (regulus? more like RAPE-YOU-LUST OOOOO)
*Speaking of getting raped, Reinhard grabs Regulus’s leg, spins around several times and slams his nice ass body against the wall*
*Subaru calling Regulus a rape demon*
*more fighting stuff…. honestly just save the fighting shit for the anime or manga. It’s way more impact full to see someone get slammed against a fucking wall then to read it*
*Reinhard breaks a water pipe or whatever*
* a water dragon comes out of the pipe and bites rapeyoulust*
*Emilia makes an ice spear and gives it to Reinhard*
*He throws it at Regulus so hard it blows him back*
*Regulus picks up the water dragon and carpet bombs the whole area? lol ok*
The endu desu |
1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention relate to an organic light emitting display panel.
2. Description of the Related Art
Organic light emitting display apparatuses display images using organic light emitting diodes (OLED) and attract public attention due to outstanding brightness and color purity.
Conventional organic light emitting display apparatuses have high-density integrated circuits integrated with driving circuits which generate and apply scan signals and data signals to pixels. The high-density integrated circuits are manufactured and connected to array substrates, on which pixels are arranged, by using a tape automated bounding (TAB) method. However, organic light emitting display apparatuses to which driving circuits and pixel-array substrates are connected by using the TAB method need a plurality of leads for connecting pixel-array substrates and driving circuits. This process may cause difficulties in manufacturing processes and may deteriorate reliability and yields of organic light emitting display apparatuses. Since costs of high-density integrated circuits are generally expensive and thus, costs of organic light emitting display apparatuses may be increased.
To overcome such limitations, chip-on-glass (COG) or system-on-panel (SOP) technologies are used for organic light emitting display apparatuses. These technologies implemented by directly bonding pads of the integrated circuits or integrating driving circuits on pixel-circuit array substrates on which pixel circuits are arranged. As described above, since COG or SOP types of organic light emitting display apparatuses eliminate additional processes for connecting driving circuits and pixel-circuit array substrates through another device such as flexible printed circuit board, reliability and yields of products may be increased. However, it is difficult to test arrays in the panel. |
Buying Glasses Online Coastal.com Review
Guest Author - Kim Lynch
Eyeglasses are an item I never considered ordering online until I looked at the $200 frames offered by the eye doctor's office, with lenses I was looking at $300 or more dollars for glasses. Since I had not factored this expense into my budget, I decided to explore the available online options.
I began by creating a list of websites that sell eyeglasses, I ended up purchasing glasses from two different sites with vastly different results. For this article, I'm going to focus on one site, Coastal.com.
They have a wide selection of frames and the site allows you to search using a variety of criteria including shape and frame material such as plastic or metal. After selecting a pair of Lauren Hutton frames, I had to enter my prescription and discovered that I would also need my pupillary distance (PD) number. This is the distance between your pupils and is typically not included on your prescription.
You can request your PD from you eye doctor, but they may not be able to provide it. The office that determined my prescription, would not measure my PD distance unless I purchased glasses from them, so I had to do it myself.
Coastal offers a printable PD measurement ruler which I printed out. The ruler included clear instructions and was easy to read. Measuring your own PD can be a bit risky, since getting it wrong could cause distortion in your lenses, but I was willing to take a chance.
After I placed my order, I found I needed to call customer service because a discount advertised on the website had not been applied to my final purchase price. The representative acknowledged that Coastal was aware of the problem and immediately credited my account.
When I call a second time, I asked where the call center was located and where the lenses were manufactured. The answer to both of my questions was Canada. According to the representative, after the glasses are assembled they are shipped from Canada to Washington state where they are packaged and sent out to customers. She did emphasize that they don't manufacture the frames and that they have no control over where a specific designer produces their frames. On both occasions, I found the representatives to be friendly, knowledgeable and helpful.
Coastal kept me informed, providing an email confirmation of the order and tracking information when the order shipped. My glasses arrived in exactly 10 days. They were securely packed in a heavy duty box which in addition to the glasses, included a shinny blue, hard shell case, a cleaning cloth, and a key chain with mini screw drivers.
The glasses were in prefect condition and when I slipped them on I could see clearly. Because I was a first time customer and used a coupon, the total cost of my eyeglasses including shipping and the scratch resistant coating was $36.95.
I recently received a $50 coupon from Coastal in my email. This time I selected some Kam Dhillon frames. The total for frames and lenses with all the coatings would be $68 shipped, which I think is still a great deal. Frames are available in a wide range of prices so cost can vary greatly from my example.
If you decide to order glasses from Coastal, take advantage of all the information guides they provide. It is very important that you pay close attention to the frame and lens sizing measurements or you might end up with frames that are too big or too small.
One of disadvantages of ordering glasses online include the lack of personal services, such as fitting and adjusting your glasses. There are many chain stores that offer free adjustments, you'll have to check around.
Another problem is that you can't try on the frames, although Coastal will let you upload a picture and virtually try on glasses. While this is a great option, it's still not the same as actually trying on the frames and getting a feel for the look and the fit. My solution was to pick out frames similar in style and size I had previous worn. |
The present invention concerns that of a new and improved apparatus for use when playing jump rope.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,001,048, issued to Taylor, discloses a musical jump rope which continuously plays a number of pre-programmed songs, and at the same time, provides a display with multiple colored or white incandescent lights.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,139,966, issued to Connell, discloses a trick rope device for forming a noose in a horizontal plane including a rope member having one end formed into a noose.
The present invention would be a new and improved jump rope, with the jump rope comprising a plurality of lights that would be attached to the rope. The lights would electronically hooked up to one another. The handles of the jump rope would be hollow and would each have an internal battery compartment, with each battery compartment having at least one battery. The plurality of lights would be electronically hooked up to the batteries. Each battery compartment would have a hatch which would allow a user to place batteries within each battery compartment. Each hatch would be located on the end of either handle or handle.
The jump rope would also have an on/off switch located on one of the two handles which a user would use to turn power to the plurality of lights. In addition, the jump rope would also have an option switch that would also be located on one of the two handles which would allow a user to set the plurality of lights to different modes, such as constant, blinking, cascading, flashing, twinkling, or other possible options.
There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of a jump rope that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of the jump rope that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto.
In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the jump rope in detail, it is to be understood that the jump rope is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The jump rope is capable of other embodiments and being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of descriptions and should not be regarded as limiting.
As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present jump rope. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a jump rope which has all of the advantages of the prior art and none of the disadvantages.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a jump rope which may be easily and efficiently manufactured and marketed.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a jump rope which is of durable and reliable construction.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a jump rope which is economically affordable and available for the consumer market.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment when considered with the attached drawings and appended claims. |
Distillery guard charged in bourbon theft ring
Evidence presented at the Franklin County Sheriff’s Office in April from the investigation of a bourbon theft syndicate included a stainless steel barrel, center, like the one involved in an indictment May 19 of a Buffalo Trace Distillery security guard.(Photo: Gregory A. Hall/The Courier-Journal)Buy Photo
FRANKFORT, Ky. – A Franklin County grand jury Tuesday indicted a former Buffalo Trace Distillery security guard on accusations of twice being paid to look the other way as 11 barrels were stolen in part of what authorities say was a bourbon theft criminal syndicate.
Prosecutor Zachary Becker, an assistant commonwealth's attorney handling the case, said Leslie M. Wright, 34, of Frankfort, has admitted receiving a total of $800 for allowing the theft of stainless steel barrels.
She is charged with complicity in receiving stolen property over $10,000.
"She appeared to be very truthful in her admissions here," Becker said, which were made in an interview with the Franklin County Sheriff's Office that is investigating the case.
The woman is the 10th person charged in the what investigators and Becker say was a criminal operation that improperly obtained and sold bourbon and steroids.
Becker said again Tuesday that more indictments could be sought "in light of this and other information that's come to light ... The investigation is still very much ongoing at this point."
Buffalo Trace Distillery worker Gilbert "Toby" Curtsinger is accused of being the ringleader of the syndicate that operated out of Central Kentucky since 2008 obtaining bourbons like Pappy Van Winkle and Wild Turkey and selling them. Curtsinger was arrested in March after sheriff's investigators searched his Frankfort home, where five Wild Turkey barrels were found in the backyard in addition to steroids. A Franklin County grand jury released the racketeering indictment of the nine last month.
Two have since pleaded guilty to conspiracy to receive stolen property and agreed to work with prosecutors on the case.
Besides those indicted, the investigation also led to the resignation of now-former Frankfort Police Officer Mike Wells after his name surfaced in the investigation. According to a case summary filed with the court, Wells said he participated in the purchasing of the steroids and used some himself. He has not been charged, but Becker has said Wells is expected to testify at trial.
Becker said Tuesday that Wright cooperated in giving a statement, but isn't aware if she's hired an attorney yet. He said Wright worked at the distillery for about two years.
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In the interview, Wright admitted to being paid $500 by Curtsinger so he could get six barrels -- that she said she was told by Curtsinger that he wanted for scrap metal -- on one occasion in December and $300 for five more barrels the following week.
Wright said in the interview that the thefts occurred during public ghost tours at the distillery at dusk or in the early evening and that Curtsinger drove his pickup truck with the barrels covered by a tarp, Becker said. He added that the numbers of barrels each time came from another witness in the case, Buffalo Trace co-worker Austin Johnson, who was hiding in the truck and working with Curtsinger.
Becker said one of the barrels has been recovered and was found to have 23 gallons of Eagle Rare inside it worth about $12,000. Repackaged contents from another barrel also were recovered.
Michael Shaun Ballard and Ronnie Lee Hubbard also have pleaded guilty to conspiracy to receive stolen property worth more than $10,000, an amended misdemeanor charge, after originally being indicted along with the other seven defendants for engaging in organized crime — Kentucky law's equivalent of racketeering. Both agreed to cooperate against the remaining defendants and are recommended to receive one-year sentences — but those could be served on probation rather than in a jail if a judge allows.
Wright's help "certainly did provide an easier means in order to commit this very valuable theft," Becker said.
Becker said he couldn't say whether Wright knew the barrels weren't empty, but that the payments were considerable for what were supposed to be just scrap metal.
The arraignments of the remaining seven original defendants, including Curtsinger, are set for Friday in Franklin Circuit Court.
Besides the racketeering charge, Curtsinger, 45, is charged with two counts of receiving stolen property, four counts of trafficking in a controlled substance while in possession of a firearm and possession of drug paraphernalia while in possession of a firearm.
Reporter Gregory A. Hall can be reached at (502) 582-4087. Follow him on Twitter at @gregoryahall. |
Hurricane Irma, Fear, and Jesus Christ
With Hurricane Irma around Antigua & Barbuda, I was already scared for my family in Miami that was about to face its category 5 winds head-on. Especially vulnerable were the homes in which my husband’s family members live, given that they are all closer to the coast. Yes, I was already feeling anxious and worried for them.
And then my husband decided to fly out to Miami from Phoenix and help his family prepare for the storm.
I’d like to tell you that I hugged him before he left, with a heart full of faith, and gave him encouraging words before heading to the airport. I’d love to tell you that I was confident that God would protect him in what was predicted to be a direct hit “worse than Andrew’s” (at the time). I’d love to say that I was okay to welcome the best case scenario, the worst case scenario, and anything in between with full trust in God.
But I can’t say any of those things because they would be lies.
The truth is, I was scared. I still am a bit scared. Even with the recent advisories saying Miami will feel less and less of the worst parts of the storm, I am still worried. Hurricanes are unpredictable. Trajectories can change within minutes and communities predicted to be fine can be hit head on (Andrew taught me that). Hurricanes can have unexpected impacts (Katrina taught me that). There is no “control” when it comes to things in nature. There are no certainties.
I wanted to write this blog post before Miami gets hit with anything serious. I don’t care if nobody reads it until way later (I don’t care if it’s read at all, to be honest). I wanted to make sure my words were down BEFORE any of the results of this Hurricane came back to me.
I already ruined my chance to give God glory by letting fear get the best of me. I want to use the little bit of that testimony I have left to praise Him, glorify Him, and point to Him.
We still don’t know the impact this storm will have on Florida (or any other state, for that matter). As I said earlier, hurricanes are unpredictable. Yesterday, God brought something to my mind to comfort me in that uncertainty. It was a video on YouTube I saw years ago with a clip from one of Matt Chandler’s sermons.
If you choose not to watch it, Matt Chandler says this; He explains how his wife tells him to “be safe” when he flies in an airplane. He often makes a joke that a seatbelt isn’t going to protect you on an airplane in the event of a crash, so you can’t really “be safe” when you fly. That said, his response to his wife is “I am untouchable until it’s time”. In other words, until God wants him home, he is untouchable. Nobody can supersede God.
Could I lose my husband to Irma? Could I lose family and friends? I’ll say it once again, hurricanes are unpredictable. It could dissipate and cause nothing more than rain, or it could strengthen back to a category 5 and turn to hit South Miami head on. Miami is under tornado warning. Many homes during Hurricane Andrew were destroyed due to tornadoes.
So, could I lose people I know and love due to Hurricane Irma? The honest answer to that is “yes“.
But until God calls his saints home, they are UNTOUCHABLE.
That is a truth I wanted to speak BEFORE I lost anything. I didn’t want my words to be tainted with “well, she didn’t lose anyone, so of course she said that“. I may still lose people. I am praying I don’t. I haven’t stopped praying for protection and peace for them. I won’t until this storm is nothing more than a harmless cloud in the sky.
Miami family and friends, I am praying for you all. I am praying for all of Florida, the states who may feel Irma next, and all of the countries that have already experienced Irma. I am praying for all of those family members who, like me, have to watch Irma from a distance and just wait until after it’s over.
Saints, join me in praying for all affected by Irma. Thank you to all of those who have reached out to me with words of comfort, especially those going through the storm themselves. I can express how meaningful your kind words and prayers are to me. I am grateful to God for such good friends and family members.
Published by christinaxarteaga
Christina Arteaga (who sometimes goes by Christina Chanel) is, quite simply, a grace addict. Everything else in her life stems from her love of Jesus Christ. She is a wife, a mother, an artist, and a writer, but most importantly, she is a child of a God and a worshipper of Jesus Christ.
View all posts by christinaxarteaga |
Q:
How to find file in the iphone?
I am saving my data in the iphone. How could I find the following txt file?
Any idea?
My file is saved in the following directory:
/var/mobile/Applications/366D42D4-5817-4007-831B-1A6EB929AF8E/Documents/Annotation1.txt
My question is how to find txt file already saved in the iphone.
A:
You get access to the Documents directory by doing:
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
You would then append the filename:
NSString *path = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Annotation1.txt"];
That gives you the path to the file. But if you didn't know this, how did you save the file to begin with?
Edit: It turns out the OP wants to provide access to the files in the Documents directory via iTunes. This is done by adding the "Application supports iTunes file sharing" key to the Info.plist. The value should be a boolean with a value of YES.
A:
Connect your device to computer.
Run Xcode.
Open Organizer (Window->Organizer)
Select Devices tab and then select your device on the left side
You should see something like:
MyIpad
Provisioning Profiles
Applications
Console
Device Logs
Screenshots
select Applications
select application that saved the data you're interested in
on the bottom line click download and save the archived file to the desktop
you can open archived file with right-click and "Show Package Contents"
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Mário da Silva Pedreira Júnior
Mario Da Silva Pedreira Junior (born ) is a Brazilian male volleyball player. He was part of the Brazil men's national volleyball team at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship in Italy. He played for Volley Piacenza. Mario in World League 2010 and Word League 2013 won Best Libero Award.
Clubs
Volley Piacenza (2010)
Sporting achievements
Individuals
2010 FIVB World League – "Best Libero"
2011 Pan American Games – "Best Receiver"
2013 FIVB World League – "Best Libero"
2013 South American Championship – "Best Libero"
References
Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Brazilian men's volleyball players
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Pan American Games medalists in volleyball
Category:Pan American Games gold medalists for Brazil
Category:Volleyball players at the 2011 Pan American Games |
Compliance Affidavit
The Lafayette Fire Prevention Bureau has adopted an Inspection Compliance Affidavit Program. The compliance Affidavit code compliance verification is offered as an alternative to a re-inspection visit.
Reinspection Alternative
Many code violations do require a re-inspection by an inspector. In this case, the inspector will clearly identify the date of the re-inspection.
Submitting an Affidavit
Property owners, Managers or Business Representative shall provide proof of compliance by submitting an affidavit form (PDF) by email to the Lafayette Fire Prevention Bureau or via fax to 765-807-1601. |
Perhaps everyone will agree that chatting became an indivisible part of modern life. It makes it so easy to communicate with your relatives, friends, coworkers, partners any time, almost anywhere.
Chat is the killer app of the smartphones.
Besides general-purpose chats like Telegram, Viber, WhatsApp and Messenger, a lot of businesses implement their own solutions for specific purposes, like contacting your cab driver, courier or landlord.
From developer’s point of view implementing chat may become a pain, for the first time — for sure. The reason of this is a synchronization between server and client, which is done with properly mixed powers of local database, http requests and socket connection. This is where Firestore can help us as it solves a problem of synchronization almost completely.
Google’s Cloud Firestore is a NoSQL document database that allows users to create serverless applications.
In this article series we will examine how to implement a chat app for iOS using Firestore. Entire process will be split into 3 parts:
Requirements and model; Firebase interactions; UI.
Information is targeted for beginners in mobile app programming. Only the last article will be strictly bound to iOS SDK, so you can apply the lessons to Android, React Native and Web as well.
In this article we will review requirements and implement models following plan below:
Requirements
Defining Domain Model
Deserialization
Serialization
Let’s Start The Party
Any complex feature can be implemented easily with proper model design. In this article we will learn how to define and implement model both abstract and specific for programming language (Swift in our case).
At first let’s define functionality scope to see what we should cover.
Requirements
The app will consist of following screens:
Authentication. User can enter his email and password. App creates an account for new user or lets old user sign in. New users must also specify their name;
List of available chats. Contains list of chats that current user is member of. Each chat has a name and last sent message. User can view particular chat, create a new one or sign out. When there are no chats available user sees a message suggesting to start using the app;
Chat. Shows a list of users’ and system messages. Messages are being grouped by day of sending and common sender. Each message has time when it was sent and read status. Screen also shows a sheet with following options: invite user to chat, rename chat and leave chat.
For authentication we will use FirebaseAuth. It has nice ready-to-use UI and support for third-party social networks auth. In our case, we will only use email and password sign in to keep things simple, but you can add social login easily.
Defining Domain Model
Keeping in mind app functionality, let’s define three main entities:
Chat Represents a chat that has a name and creation date. Has one to many relationship to events and to users;
Event The thing we show in list on Chat screen. Can be a message from user or system info. If Event is a message, it has a text body, sender and read status. If Event is a system info, it can be one of this types: createdChat, addedUser, userLeft, renamedChat;
User Name and email of user. These will be taken from FirebaseAuth and posted to Firestore.
These are high-level entities, each entity will be represented with one or more Swift structs for different layers of abstraction.
User Entity
CODE:https://gist.github.com/EvgenyMatviyenko/63bcdd8bba85df983b177d837065d1b0.js
User entity is simple, there is no need to create multiple structs for it.
Chat Entity
CODE:https://gist.github.com/EvgenyMatviyenko/0cf1dd13b8517369a53dd1fcbfc13874.js
Same as User, Chat entity has only one struct to deal with in whole app. The only thing that differs is that we cannot store Date type as it is in Firestore, so it will be converted to timestamp. Also this struct stores latest message, which we will cover in next section.
Event Entity
CODE:https://gist.github.com/EvgenyMatviyenko/ee95bda46f19ae5e96c6f35505af6358.js
Event is a bit more complex. It has nested enums with associated values that cannot be serialized into JSON (Firestore is JSON database). This is why Event requires different, flat representation for storing/transportation.
CODE:https://gist.github.com/EvgenyMatviyenko/4dd86e01f1762752603ed750e061ff08.js
Now we have a flat FirebaseEvent model that can be converted into JSON, but can be in invalid state that doesn’t make sense. To understand what invalid state means let’s take a look at initialization of Api models.
CODE:https://gist.github.com/EvgenyMatviyenko/a3d2cc9a734e1d8782f320a9989e107a.js
Here every initialization fail represents invalid state of model. For example FirebaseEvent can have type message but contain info instead. We don’t want to deal with this validations later. That is why we separate complex entities to different structs. In view controllers we will only operate with high-level representation.
Finalize Models
To keep things consistent we rename models that have only one struct and create aliases for high-level versions of them. So ApiUser becomes FirebaseUser, ApiChat becomes FirebaseChat and ApiMessage becomes FirebaseMessage. ApiUser, ApiChat, ApiMessage are now type aliases for corresponding Firebase models.
CODE:https://gist.github.com/EvgenyMatviyenko/6f42644e9e385e20fa30cf78899efed9.js
To sum up, structs with Firebase prefix will be used only for transportation and will be abstracted from domain logic code.
Deserialization
Firestore models are being represented by DocumentSnapshot class in it’s API. We need a way to convert it to structs we implemented recently. For this purpose I created a protocol FirebaseDecodable and methods for initializing models, that conform it, from Firestore snapshots.
CODE:https://gist.github.com/EvgenyMatviyenko/554083f33c133612c7db5eb1cf865257.js
Now let’s conform our Firebase models to FirebaseDecodable protocol. I will show an example of one model, all others can be done by analogue.
CODE:https://gist.github.com/EvgenyMatviyenko/948ad9bf1b78c39434fa2365eda8d495.js
Here we convert iOS Foundation Date object to Firestore’s Timestamp to save model as dictionary to Firestore later.
Now we are ready to deserialize database objects into Swift structs. Next step is implementing serialization.
Serialization
We could create similar protocol FirebaseEncodable as opposite to FirebaseDecodable, but saving info to Firestore isn’t same straightforward as fetching.
At first, we assumed that our structs can only represent entities that are already in database, because each of it contains an identifier. Beside that, we want to use server-side values for some properties like createdAt timestamps, because taking timestamp value from user’s phone is error prone. For example, user 1 with valid time 7:00 PM sends a message to chat. User 2 with wrong time 6:00 PM sends a message after user 1. If database query depends on createdAt property, message from user 2 will appear above message from user 1, which is incorrect. Firestore provides some API to handle such cases, we will take a look at it in details in next part.
Let’s create auxiliary high-level structs for saving info to database later.
CODE:https://gist.github.com/EvgenyMatviyenko/41ef3d45128bf7ca756ab4958e66e2a5.js
We will call service object method passing this model to create event in the database.
CODE:https://gist.github.com/EvgenyMatviyenko/226b936a082667857bbd4f2435852a7b.js
Similar to events, this will be used for creating new chats.
Conclusion
We have implemented all models that we need for describing domain logic. You can find project code here.
In next part we will implement service object class, that will encapsulate Firestore interactions to abstract them from other parts of the app.
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sunroom flooring ideas
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average cost of a sunroom
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But like any well constructed room a sunroom will both enhance your homes curb appeal and increase its value. The best way to ensure that you will pay the minimum amount for the maximum value when adding a sunroom to you home is to accept the fact that the prices of materials and labor will never be any lower than they are right now. So if you are serious about your sunroom project you shouldnt delay talking to area contractors any more than is absolutely necessary. Its true that a sunroom qualifies as a major expenditure but even if youre not I n a position to pay for yours in cash you will almost certainly be able to find at least one sunroom manufacturer who can set you up with affordable financing.
These items include tempered glasses security locks full-screen windows skylights sliding doors French doors and other specialty installations. After such intense survey you should visit the references of the contractors to know better about these contractors. Ask them whether the sunroom was completed in time whether the material was durable or how he had been able to introduce his imagination on the sunrooms. If you are given a chance of scrutinizing the new building constructed by the specific sunroom contractor then you should look after the following points. Notice whether the walls floors ceilings and doorways are even or not whether the doors and windows are trim and properly installed or not or whether any part of the constructions have any leakage problems or not. Once you complete your survey you will definitely get a sunroom contractor who will be able to suit your needs.
Sunroom kits are ideal for homeowners with enough do-it-yourself construction experience to build fairly simple home additions on their own. But you will have to do an honest assessment of your construction skills before ordering a sunroom kit because if you do a less than professional job you may end up with a sunroom full of drafts letting the arm air escape or the cold air enter. Youll pay for your bad work in the form of hefty energy bills and the odds are that you wont find your sunroom comfortable enough to use very often. What A Sunroom Kit Is But if you do some research on sunroom kits and are comfortable with the amount of work which will be required of you to construct one properly go ahead and draft a design of your dream sunroom and then look for the sunroom kit which resembles it most closely. |
The Role of Positive Expectations for Resilience to Adverse Events: Subjective Well-being before, during and after the Greek Bailout Referendum
Can positive expectations help foster resiliency against adversity? In this current study, we used high-frequency panel data, to examine how positive as compared to neutral and negative expectations can buffer the negative impact on subjective well-being generated by an adverse event, the announcement of the Greek bailout referendum in July 2015. Results show that individuals with more positive expectations for the future before the referendum announcement experienced smaller decreases in subjective well-being and adapted quicker to this adverse event than did individuals who held regular expectations for the future. In addition, we found some evidence that individuals who shifted from positive to negative expectations before and during the adverse event, respectively, had significantly lower subjective well-being from individuals who had consistent positive expectations. This finding supports the view that optimism, or consistent positive expectations, and even positive mindsets, as indicated by lacks of shifts to negativity, can be potentially be a source of resilience that helps individuals cope and adapt quicker to adverse events. |
Senator Hillary Clinton has long been a target for distortion, despite her outstanding record on issues ranging from education, to health care, to support for Israel. Despite her strong commitment to Israel and close kinship with the Jewish Community (a key reason she is tremendously popular with her New York constituents), right wing smears against her leadership continue.
Giuliani advisor Martin Kramer, for instance, wrote a
disingenuous piece in the Jerusalem Post claiming that Senator Clinton’s rhetoric on Israel contains code words hinting that she is not really a true friend of Israel. Of course there was no logic to anything he wrote, not a surprise given that Senator Clinton has worked overtime in support of Israel in the Senate.
I wrote an
op-ed responding to Mr. Kramer. I would recommend sending these paragraphs to anyone who is tempted to believe a right wing smear of the Senator and her support for the Jewish state:
Before delving into the specific charges offered by Kramer, it is important to note that Senator Clinton has been a great supporter of Israel throughout her career, and is one of Israel's strongest friends in the US Senate. She led the charge for
Red Cross recognition of Magen David Adom and has an impeccable voting record.
If Hillary were but a fair weather friend of Israel, as Kramer suggests, she surely would not enjoy the immense popularity she has seen in New York. One simply does not get re-elected in the Empire State with 67% of the vote if there is even a smidgeon of legitimate doubt about one's support for Israel.
Here is what the Orthodox newspaper, The Jewish Press, which opposed Clinton in 2000,
wrote in support of her candidacy for re-election to the Senate in 2006: "As regards Israel, she has become an important supporter of the Jewish state both in public and, perhaps more importantly, behind the scenes. She is held in the highest regard by those who regularly plead Israel's cause in the halls of government. For those who initially were wary of her positions on Middle East issues - and we include ourselves in that category - Ms. Clinton has proved to be a pleasant and welcome surprise."
At NJDC’s Washington Conference, Senator Clinton strongly
affirmed that that the U.S. stands "with Israel because it is a beacon of democracy in a neighborhood that is shadowed by radicalism, extremism, despotism and terrorism," and that Israel’s very existence is "a defiant rebuke to anti-Semitism." Her remarks were particularly well received by our members.
(Click here for a transcript and video.)
The Senator’s Israel position paper states, "from her first trip to Israel on New Year’s Day in 1982 through her years as a U.S. Senator, Hillary Clinton has a long history of strong and steadfast leadership for the US-Israel relationship. Her connection to the State of Israel, which began when as the First Lady of Arkansas, she brought an innovative Israeli preschool education program to her state, has grown." It goes on to say that "Hillary recognizes that Israel is a most important strategic ally against the scourge of terrorism and radicalism. ‘Israel,’ she said, ‘is not only a friend and ally for us; it is a beacon of what democracy can and should be.’"
Time and again, Senator Clinton comes forward to stand with Israel. In September, for instance, Senator Clinton voiced strong and eloquent support of Israel’s decision to take out a Syrian weapons facility in September, asserting that "the Syrians apparently were putting together, and perhaps over some period of years, a nuclear facility, and the Israelis took it out," adding, "I strongly support that."
In a further example, Senator Clinton’s office teamed with Palestinian Media Watch in February 2007 to release a study of anti-Israel language in Palestinian textbooks. Bold actions in support of Israel are the rule from Senator Clinton’s office, not the exception.
And, as was previously alluded to, Senator Clinton was a leader in the successful efforts to push for recognition of Magen David Adom (Israel’s Red Cross) into the International Red Cross movement, leading American Red Cross Chairwoman Bonnie McElveen-Hunter to comment: "In partnership with the American Red Cross, Senator Clinton has been a strong and engaged leader in support of Magen David Adom’s acceptance into the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement."
Of course, it is important to remind anyone tempted to believe the right wing’s rhetoric about Senator Clinton that her husband’s administration was strongly supportive of Israel. To this day, former President Clinton continues to speak out on behalf of the U.S.-Israel relationship, notably taking former President Jimmy Carter to task for falsehoods in his book about the Middle East. |
Q:
Is it possible to merge two Postgres databases
We have two copies of a simple application that is based on SQLite. The application has 10 tables with a variety of relations between the tables. We would like to merge the databases to a single Postgres database with the same schema. We can use Talend to facilitate this, however the issue is that there would be duplicate keys (as both the source databases are independent). Is there a systematic method by which we can insert data into Postgres with the original key plus an offset resulting from loading the first database?
A:
Step 1. Restore the first database.
Step 2. Change foreign keys of all tables by adding the option on update cascade.
For example, if the column table_b.a_id refers to the column table_a.id:
alter table table_b
drop constraint table_b_a_id_fkey,
add constraint table_b_a_id_fkey
foreign key (a_id) references table_a(id)
on update cascade;
Step 3. Update primary keys of the tables by adding the desired offset, e.g.:
update table_a
set id = 10000+ id;
Step 4. Restore the second database.
If you have the possibility to edit the script with database schema (or do the transfer manually with your own script), you can merge steps 1 and 2 and edit the script before the restore (adding the option on update cascade for foreign keys in tables declarations).
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Live. Laugh.Love
Find Your Happy
https://foodforfuel2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/pharrell-williams-happy-official-music-video.mp3First things first, stop caring about what other people think. I know this is said so often, but like you actually have to do it in order for a difference to be noticed. Next time you are about to go through with something, but you hold back because of what someone else might think, just do it. Starting this blog page had me thinking about what people might think or say about me after reading it. You know what I said to myself? Fuck it. That’s exactly what I said. Everyone should say that, except for my younger sister, when they are doubting their own decisions.
Secondly, surround yourself with the right people for you. Hang around with people who make you happy, are like minded, and support you no matter what. Surround yourself with inspiring individuals, people who push you to be a better you, and don’t ever pressure you to be someone you are not. If you get bad vibes from someone, feel out the situation, and as soon your instinct is proven right, drop em’. You don’t have to be mean about, just simply have less of them in your life. You don’t have to like everyone, and not everyone has to like you. That’s how the world works. My brother told me that after high school, he went through his social media and removed people that he knew were not meant to be in his life. You bet I did that same thing right when he told me that. There is nothing wrong with this if you ask me. This is your life, and you get to decide who is and is not a part of it.
We all have different paths to follow. God gives everyone different gifts, and skills. This does not mean you HAVE to pursue what it is you are good at, but we all have options to choose from. College is not for everyone, yet I find that in today’s world, if someone doesn’t go, they are looked down upon. Who are we to judge anyone else though? That’s a topic for a different day I guess. Anyway, I don’t think we should ever feel like we MUST do something. You don’t have to get married when you’re older, you don’t have to do what your parents tell you is a good job, you just don’t. You do you fam. Keeping an open mind as we go through life is important because things change. Change makes life fun.
Another thing I think we could all start doing is stop envying others, and start taking part in the joy of those around you. If someone lands a dope job, and you have maybe a “not so great” job, do not envy that person. Instead, celebrate their achievement with them. This helps spread a positive energy. Those who share happiness with you in your accomplishments instead of sitting back and loathing you for them are the people you want in your life. Jealousy is a negative character trait. I know sometimes we all experience it, but next time you catch yourself feeling that way, stop and think. You’ll probably come to realize the negative energy I’m talking about. Spread love and positivity always. Life is better that way.
Sorry this is such a long one, but I had a great mom who taught me lessons that I think everyone needs to be reminded on once in a while.
I’ll end on this note. No one in this life is going to chase your dreams for you. You have to do it yourself if you really want it. If you read my ED story, you will see that I eventually left the professional nutritionist and psychologist because I finally woke up, and saw that it was all on me to fix it. If you don’t like your job, or your college major, or whatever you got going on in life, wake up. Wake up, and do something about it. Do not sit around and pity yourself. Say less, and do more. Do it for you, whatever it is. If you are passionate about something, do it. Do it full heartedly and results will come. You have to find your own happy, my blog post is not going to do it for you.
These are a few things that we should all try to do once in a while to create positive energy, and kindness. |
Stoughton Police Make Donation To 4-Year-Old Boy Battling Leukemia
STOUGHTON (CBS) – Members of the Stoughton Police Department teamed up with Cops For Kids With Cancer to provide a gift to a 4-year-old who is battling leukemia. Michael Caron came to Stoughton Police headquarters with his family for the presentation on Tuesday. “It is hard to put on a brave face when meeting a family who has gone through so much,” police posted on Facebook. “However, Michael just wouldn’t allow us to feel sad for long. His energy lit a fire in our community room and his smile warmed our hearts on this cold day.” The boy’s family was presented with a check to help pay for his medical care. Officers also gave him a hand sewn superhero quilt, a stuffed bear, and a Stoughton Police junior officer badge. |
Summary
Company Announcement Date: June 05, 2017 FDA Publish Date: February 08, 2018 Product Type: Food & Beverages
Tree Nuts
Food & Beverage Safety Reason for Announcement: Recall Reason Description Foreign Material Company Name: Star Snacks Co. Brand Name: Brand Name(s) Southern Grove Product Description: Product Description Cashews Halves and Pieces with sea salt
Company Announcement
Star Snacks Co. of Jersey City, NJ is voluntarily recalling two lots of Southern Grove Cashew Halves and Pieces with Sea Salt due to the potential presence of glass pieces.
The affected product was distributed in 8.0oz canisters under the following label:
Southern Grove Cashew Halves and Pieces with Sea Salt, Net Weight 8.0 oz. (227 grams)
UPC code 041498179366
Code: Best by date 11/27/18 & 11/28/18 (printed on the bottom of the can)
No other product is affected by this voluntary recall.
The recall was initiated after the company received consumer reports of glass found in the product. To date, there have not been any reported injuries. Potentially impacted product has been removed from store shelves.
The product was distributed to ALDI stores in the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington DC., Wisconsin and West Virginia.
Consumers who have purchased the product in question are urged not to consume this product and may return the product to their local ALDI store for a refund or dispose of the item. Consumers with questions may contact Star Snacks at 201-882-4593 or RecallFEQ01@gmail.com, Monday-Friday 9 am – 2 pm EST.
Company Contact Information Consumers: 201-882-4593 RecallFEQ01@gmail.com Media: Eddie Engelman RecallFEQ01@gmail.com |
A biochip enables the following steps to be carried out simultaneously in a large amount: fixing on a support (substrate) bio molecules such as DNA, protein, sugar chains or the like, or cells; contacting the thus fixed bio molecules, cells or the like (hereinafter referred to as ‘probes’) with bio molecules or any other compounds (hereinafter referred to as ‘targets’); and detecting the thus resulting characteristic interactions. Among such biochips, a DNA chip is prepared by fixing several thousands or several tens of thousands kinds of DNA fragments and synthetic oligonucleotide (hereinafter, they will be referred to as ‘DNA probes’) respectively at predetermined positions on a glass substrate, a silicon substrate or the like that is square, several centimeters on the side. Such a DNA chip is used, for example, for measuring simultaneously a number of genes being expressed. It can be used also in genetic screening for detecting the presence of a particular gene, for example.
The genetic screening using a DNA chip can be performed in the following steps, for example. 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is extracted from cells or blood of a specimen. 2. Complementary DNA (cDNA) is reverse-transcribed and replicated from the mRNA, fragmented and bonded to fluorochrome for labeling, thereby preparing a target. 3. The thus labeled cDNA (target) is contacted with the DNA chip so as to bond to the DNA probe on the substrate. The cDNA as the target is bonded to DNA probe complementary to the cDNA. 4. The DNA chip is washed in order to remove the target not being bonded to the DNA probe. 5. Color development of the fluorochrome is observed with a fluorescence microscope so as to detect the position and amount of the targets on the DNA chip substrate.
Processes for manufacturing a DNA chip is classified roughly into two types. The first type utilizes a photolithography method that is used in the semiconductor manufacturing technique. According to this process, four kinds of mononucleotides as constituent units of DNA are bonded chemically in a predetermined order respectively at predetermined positions on the substrate so as to form oligonucleotide (see Patent Document 1, for example). As used herein, a word “oligonucleotide” denotes a polymer of several or several tens of nucleotides, and it is formed for example by fragmenting a polynucleotide with a high polymerization degree (such as a natural nucleic acid), or its molecular weight is smaller than that of the polynucleotide.
The second type is a process for manufacturing a DNA chip, where oligonucleotide to be fixed is dissolved in a liquid previously, and the liquid is micro-dripped on predetermined positions of a substrate and fixed thereto. Methods for fixing the oligonucleotide onto the substrate include, for example, a process using chemical bonding, a process using physical adsorption and the like, and an ink jet method can be applied to the micro-dripping (see Patent Document 2, for example). In the ink jet method, droplets are discharged from a number of holes toward a substrate, where each of the holes formed on a nozzle plate has a diameter of several tens of micrometers, thereby placing the liquid on predetermined positions of the substrate. This method is used commonly as an ink jet printing method.
According to a process for manufacturing a DNA chip by an ink jet method, a DNA chip can be manufactured easily at a low cost in comparison with the first method. Therefore, the ink jet method is expected to contribute to the process for manufacturing DNA chips in the future. However, the process can cause problems from the following viewpoints: (1) accuracy in placing droplets on predetermined positions of a substrate; and (2) spreading and bleeding of a solution discharged on a substrate by the ink jet method.
The accuracy in placement as raised in (1) above is an essential factor for the quality of the DNA chip, and the accuracy can be improved by developing an ink jet discharger that allows highly-accurate printing. Some commercially-available ink jet printers can place droplets having a diameter of several tens of micrometers on a substrate with a positional accuracy of ±30 μm. Reduction in size and the positional accuracy of the droplets are considered to improve remarkably by future remodeling of the apparatuses.
Spreading and bleeding of a solution on a substrate as mentioned in (2) above will restrict the density in placing the DNA probe regions on the substrate. Namely, for raising the density of the DNA probe regions, the respective DNA probe solutions must be placed on the substrate at a narrow spacing. The solutions will overlap each other due to spreading or bleeding of the solutions. When the spacing between the respective solutions is widened for avoiding the overlapping of the solutions, the probe density will decrease.
FIGS. 5A-5F show schematically that a DNA probe solution discharged by an ink jet method is spreading on a substrate. The same reference numerals in FIGS. 5A-5F are assigned to the same elements. FIG. 5A-5C show a case where a DNA probe solution discharged toward the substrate by an ink jet method does not spread on the substrate. Specifically, FIG. 5A shows that a DNA probe solution 51 is discharged by an ink jet method toward a substrate 53 in a direction indicated by an arrow 52. FIG. 5B shows a DNA probe solution 54 on the substrate 53, which was observed just after contacting the DNA probe solution 54 with the substrate 53. FIG. 5C shows a DNA probe solution 55 on the substrate 53, which was observed after a lapse of time from the contact. As shown in FIGS. 5A-5C, substantially there is no difference between a contact area of the solution 54 observed just after contacting the solution 54 with the substrate 53 (FIG. 5B) and a contact area of the solution 55 on the substrate 53 over time (FIG. 5C), and this indicates that the DNA probe solution will not spread on the substrate 53. In contrast, FIGS. 5D-5F show schematically a case where a DNA probe solution spreads on a substrate. Specifically, FIG. 5D shows that the DNA probe solution 51 is discharged by an ink jet method toward the substrate 53 in a direction indicated by the arrow 52. FIG. 5E shows a DNA probe solution 56 on the substrate 53, which was observed just after contacting the DNA probe solution 54 with the substrate 53. FIG. 5F shows a DNA probe solution 57 on the substrate 53 after a lapse of time from the contact. As shown in FIGS. 5D-5F, the contact area of the solution 56 just after contacting the solution 56 with the substrate 53 (FIG. 5E) increases over time. Namely, the solution 57 spreads on the substrate 53 (FIG. 5F).
FIGS. 6A-6C are plan schematic views showing a DNA chip substrate before fixing DNA probe solutions and after discharging the DNA probe solutions by an ink jet method. The same reference numerals in FIGS. 6A-6C are assigned to the same elements. FIG. 6A shows a DNA chip substrate 61 before fixing DNA probe solutions onto fixation regions 62. FIG. 6B shows the DNA chip substrate 61 for a case where DNA probe solutions 63 are discharged but not spreading on the substrate 61. FIG. 6C shows a DNA chip substrate 61 for a case where DNA probe solutions 64 are discharged to spread on the substrate 61. When the DNA probe solutions do not spread on the substrate, the solutions 63 are placed on predetermined regions 62 as shown in FIG. 6B. When the DNA probe solutions spread, the solutions 64 at adjacent regions will be mixed with each other as shown in FIG. 6C. For preventing the overlapping of the DNA probe solutions, spacing between the respective solutions (spacing between the DNA probe regions) must be increased. However, this will lower the density of the DNA probe regions on the substrate, and the number of spots of the DNA probe solutions allowed to be placed on a DNA chip will be restricted.
The tendency of spreading and bleeding of the DNA probe solutions provided by the ink jet method on a substrate often is effected from the method of fixing the DNA probes to the substrate. As mentioned above, examples of the method for fixing the DNA probes onto a substrate include chemical bonding and physical adsorption, and both the chemical bonding and physical adsorption use polar groups in DNA probes. Therefore, either polar groups to react chemically with the polar groups of the DNA probes or polar groups to form ionic bonds or hydrogen bonds with the polar groups of the DNA probes will exist on the substrate to fix the DNA probes. A substrate surface having polar groups has a high surface energy and favorable wettability with respect to liquids. Therefore, a DNA chip substrate generally has a high surface energy and thus the DNA probe solution discharged by an ink jet method easily will spread or bleed on the substrate.
In a method disclosed for solving the problems of spreading and bleeding of the DNA probe solution on a substrate, regions for fixing the DNA probes are made to be hydrophilic with the surrounding regions being hydrophobic in order to prevent the DNA probe solution from spreading from the fixing regions (see Patent Document: D3). Accordingly, DNA chips can be manufactured in this method by: preparing a substrate whose surface is water-repellent in an untreated condition and becomes hydrophilic by a treatment with light beams or heat; forming a pattern of water-repelling regions and hydrophilic regions on the substrate surface by irradiating with light through a metal mask for example; and then discharging solutions containing DNA probes on the hydrophilic regions by an ink jet method.
Patent Document D1: U.S. Pat. No. 5,405,783
Patent Document D2: JP 2001-66305 A
Patent Document D3: JP 2003-28864 A |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
<class>LocateResourceDialog</class>
<widget class="QDialog" name="LocateResourceDialog">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>0</x>
<y>0</y>
<width>401</width>
<height>145</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="windowTitle">
<string>Missing Resource</string>
</property>
<layout class="QGridLayout" name="gridLayout">
<item row="0" column="1" colspan="2">
<widget class="QLabel" name="resourceName">
<property name="font">
<font>
<weight>75</weight>
<bold>true</bold>
</font>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>resource.png</string>
</property>
<property name="alignment">
<set>Qt::AlignCenter</set>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item row="1" column="0">
<widget class="QLabel" name="label_3">
<property name="text">
<string>Please locate it manually.</string>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item row="2" column="0" colspan="2">
<widget class="QLineEdit" name="pathEdit">
<property name="readOnly">
<bool>true</bool>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item row="2" column="2">
<widget class="QPushButton" name="pathBrowse">
<property name="maximumSize">
<size>
<width>30</width>
<height>16777215</height>
</size>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>..</string>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item row="3" column="0">
<spacer name="verticalSpacer">
<property name="orientation">
<enum>Qt::Vertical</enum>
</property>
<property name="sizeHint" stdset="0">
<size>
<width>274</width>
<height>12</height>
</size>
</property>
</spacer>
</item>
<item row="4" column="0" colspan="3">
<widget class="QDialogButtonBox" name="buttonBox">
<property name="standardButtons">
<set>QDialogButtonBox::Cancel|QDialogButtonBox::Ok</set>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item row="0" column="0">
<widget class="QLabel" name="label">
<property name="text">
<string>The following resource could not be found:</string>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
</layout>
</widget>
<resources/>
<connections>
<connection>
<sender>buttonBox</sender>
<signal>accepted()</signal>
<receiver>LocateResourceDialog</receiver>
<slot>accept()</slot>
<hints>
<hint type="sourcelabel">
<x>253</x>
<y>122</y>
</hint>
<hint type="destinationlabel">
<x>224</x>
<y>95</y>
</hint>
</hints>
</connection>
<connection>
<sender>buttonBox</sender>
<signal>rejected()</signal>
<receiver>LocateResourceDialog</receiver>
<slot>reject()</slot>
<hints>
<hint type="sourcelabel">
<x>289</x>
<y>119</y>
</hint>
<hint type="destinationlabel">
<x>292</x>
<y>95</y>
</hint>
</hints>
</connection>
</connections>
</ui>
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
# Licensed under the MIT License. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import unittest
try:
# Attempt to load mock (works on Python 3.3 and above)
from unittest.mock import patch
except ImportError:
# Attempt to load mock (works on Python version below 3.3)
from mock import patch
from azext_devops.dev.common.telemetry import (set_tracking_data, try_send_telemetry_data)
class TestTelemetryMethods(unittest.TestCase):
_TEST_DEVOPS_ORGANIZATION = 'https://dev.azure.com/AzureDevOpsCliTest'
def test_send_telemetry_should_send_if_enabled(self):
with patch('azext_devops.dev.common.telemetry._is_telemetry_enabled') as mock_telemetry_enabled:
mock_telemetry_enabled.return_value = True
with patch('azext_devops.dev.common.telemetry._try_send_tracking_ci_event_async') as mock_telemetry_send:
try_send_telemetry_data(self._TEST_DEVOPS_ORGANIZATION)
#assert
mock_telemetry_send.assert_called_once_with(self._TEST_DEVOPS_ORGANIZATION)
def test_send_telemetry_should_not_send_if_disabled(self):
with patch('azext_devops.dev.common.telemetry._is_telemetry_enabled') as mock_telemetry_enabled:
mock_telemetry_enabled.return_value = False
with patch('azext_devops.dev.common.telemetry._try_send_tracking_ci_event_async') as mock_telemetry_send:
try_send_telemetry_data(self._TEST_DEVOPS_ORGANIZATION)
#assert
mock_telemetry_send.assert_not_called()
def test_set_tracking_data_should_set_data_correctly_with_command(self):
class FakeTelemetryClass:
def __init__(self, command):
self.command = command
def __iter__():
for key, value in self.command:
yield(key, value)
command_dict = FakeTelemetryClass('devops repos list')
set_tracking_data(**{'args': command_dict})
from azext_devops.dev.common.telemetry import vsts_tracking_data
assert vsts_tracking_data.area == 'AzureDevopsCli'
assert vsts_tracking_data.feature == 'devops'
assert vsts_tracking_data.properties['Command'] == 'repos list'
|
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)
, 1935-
, Reifschneider, David
, Stockton, David J.
and Wilcox, David W..
Econometric Models and the Monetary Policy Process.
October 1996,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/?id=1190,
accessed on March 3, 2015. |
Benson Sports Training, LLC is a company dedicated to helping athletes unlock their true athletic potential. Most athletes spend thousands of dollars throughout their sports careers going to skill camps but spend very little time training to become more athletic. In fact, most athletes do not begin training until they experience success in a sport and by that point it may be to late. Although skill development is generally the most important attribute to being successful in sports, it is now followed closely by athleticism. In today's sports world, athletes are faster, stronger and more explosive than ever before. Scott Benson has developed a proven system that focuses on speed development, explosive power and functional strength. The program is divided into 3 components: Weight training, plyometric training and speed/agility training. Athletes that have gone through the program experience significant gains in speed, quickness, jumping ability and strength. As an added benefit the high intensity nature of this type of training, performed in a controlled setting, prepares the body for game speed movements which greatly reduces the risk of injury. Less then one third of 1% of Benson Sports Training athletes have sustained a season ending injury while practicing or playing a sport.
22 South Dakota Team State Champions
10 NCAA All Americans
3 NCAA Champions
2018 SD Ms. Volleyball
2012, 2014 & 2016 Basketball SD Player of the Year2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018 SD Am Legion Baseball MVP83 All State Athletes 53 Individual State Champions14 RC Athlete's of the Year2012 CHL Defensive Player of the Year 164 NCAA & NAIA Athletes3 High School Track and Field All Americans5 Past or Present All Time State Records |
Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites and suicide.
Prospective studies of the serotonergic system and suicide report that low 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a history of attempted suicide predict suicide risk. Low CSF homovanillic acid (HVA) is reported to be associated with past and future lethality of suicide attempts but not with suicide. The interrelationships between monoamine metabolites, violent method, suicide intent and lethality of suicidal behaviour are complex. We hypothesized that CSF 5-HIAA and HVA levels are related to suicide intent, violence and lethality of suicidal behaviour. Fifteen male suicide attempters admitted to a psychiatric ward at the Karolinska University Hospital and eight healthy male volunteers were submitted to lumbar puncture and CSF 5-HIAA and HVA were assayed. Suicide intent with the Beck Suicide Intent Scale (SIS), lethality and violence of suicidal behaviour were assessed. All patients were followed up for causes of death. Six suicides and one fatal accident were identified with death certificates. Mean CSF 5-HIAA but not CSF HVA differed between suicides and survivors. Violent suicides had higher suicide intent and CSF 5-HIAA than non-violent suicides. In violent suicides, CSF 5-HIAA levels were negatively correlated with SIS. Greater suicide intent may be associated with greater aggressive intent and predicts a violent suicide method. |
Send mediators to Washington
There is a way to resolve political impasses like the one that nearly caused a default on US debt. Every day, mediators settle business, divorce, and employment disputes. A George Mitchell or Kenneth Feinberg could do the same for Washington.
In order to answer those questions, one must understand the cause of this condition. Why do impasses occur in government, business, and other arenas? Negotiation theory provides answers by identifying three common causes of negotiation failure.
The first arises from one side locking itself into a position. This is known as a “strategic barrier” to settlement.
Imagine two drivers speeding toward each other on a narrow one-lane road, with each determined to force the other off the road. What would you do if you were driving one of the cars and the other driver suddenly pried the steering wheel off his car and hurled it out the window, making sure that you could see what he had done?
In the debt ceiling crisis, some legislators locked themselves into a position that gave them no flexibility on raising revenue. No new taxes, they had pledged – in writing.
A second type of bargaining failure comes from rigidly clinging to positions instead of articulating underlying interests.
In a classic example – from the book “Getting to Yes” – two siblings are fighting over an orange. Their mother solves the problem by cutting the orange in two. But one of them wanted only the rind to bake a cake, and the other wanted only the pulp to make juice. Both could have had the functional equivalent of the whole orange if they had communicated about their interests.
A third obstacle is called “adverse selection” – a problem that arises when both sides are actually willing to settle, but are afraid to disclose their true bargaining positions out of fear that their candor will be exploited.
Imagine that you would like to sell your car for $10,000, and so you list it for $12,000. Then someone who is willing to pay $10,000 sees your car and offers you $8,000. If you both stand firm on the proposed price, the deal falls through.
In the recent debt ceiling crisis, a deal was made, but just in the nick of time, and the close call contributed to the United States losing – for the first time – its triple-A bond rating.
There is a common cure for all three obstacles – one that is used every day to resolve conflict in business litigation, divorce settlements, and employment disputes. The parties call in a mediator to broker a deal.
Among the critical skills that mediators employ are earning trust and keeping secrets. Mediators construct settlements by exploring each side’s underlying interests, testing to see whether there is a zone of possible agreement, and persuading each side to refrain from taking the steering wheel off the car.
Of course, politicians almost never seek mediation, because they are reluctant to invite someone into their arena who will then have more information than they do. Information is power. In addition, politicians pride themselves on never compromising their principles – they fear losing the next election if they accept a brokered deal.
However, the times, as Bob Dylan famously sang, are a-changing. Americans are fed up with governmental gridlock, the threat of financial default, and legislative stalemates.
They should insist that politicians embrace a new pledge: "No new impasses." This means that whenever healthy debate nears the point of intolerable deadlock, both sides will call upon an impartial intermediary to broker a deal.
Also, many nongovernmental organizations have experience in managing intergovernmental disputes, rule-making, and public policy conflict. And while America waits for mediation to become a routine, institutionalized part of good government, the ad hoc use of exceptional mediators – such as Eric Green and Jonathan Marks in the Microsoft antitrust litigation, Kenneth Feinberg in the 9/11 Compensation Fund, and George Mitchell in Northern Ireland – should also be considered.
America won’t get over the nation’s case of PTID immediately, but with a firm commitment from politicians to steer clear of the brink and deploy mediators when needed, perhaps the healing can begin. |
5 of 13
Jeff Hanisch-USA TODAY Sports
Gordon Hayward left the Utah Jazz for the Boston Celtics in the year 2017, so, naturally, the Milwaukee Bucks must start worrying about Giannis Antetokounmpo staging his own heel turn in 2021.
Here's ESPN.com's Adrian Wojnarowski speaking on The Russillo Show (h/t Sporting News):
"Milwaukee's going to go through this with the Greek Freak. That day's coming, right? Where he's going to look and say, 'Where is this organization? What are they doing here?' Like, you don't think Giannis has been watching what went on there for the last several months? Of what they allowed to go on with the front office? He's watching it. And the clock has started. Everybody in the league is trying to figure out how they are going to get him out of there. That has started."
So, like, I have so many questions.
Is "everybody in the league" trying to get him out of Milwaukee right now? As in, actively and persistently? Or is this just a situation in which rival general managers call randomly—you know, just to see what's up?
Has Antetokounmpo given any inclination he'd leave the Bucks in four years? Isn't that almost a half-decade down the line? And isn't that nearly 20 percent of the 22-year-old's entire lifespan? How can someone so young know where they'll be, or where exactly they want to be, or what the place they're currently in will look like, that far in advance?
Four years come at you fast in the NBA. There's no disputing that little slice of spinach pie—especially when it was baked and served by Woj the All-Knowing. But Bucks fans needn't lose their heads. The front office is a mess, but the team has some irons in the fire.
Malcolm Brogdon is already a stud. Thon Maker often looks like he'll soon join him. Jabari Parker is a No. 2 overall pick, not a lost cause. Khris Middleton is one of the 10 or 12 best wings in the league and doesn't turn 26 until August. D.J. Wilson was a reach at No. 17, but he's a stretchy big with switchy defensive potential.
Fret over 2021 two years from now, when all of these players are known commodities, both swings and misses. Right now, the Bucks are rising through the East on the back of a top-10 player who isn't old enough to rent a car in New York without incurring some sort of surcharge. That's a pretty damn good place to be. |
Bäch railway station
Bäch is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Schwyz and municipality of Freienbach. The station is located on the Lake Zurich left-bank railway line. It is an intermediate stop on Zurich S-Bahn service S8, between Zurich and Pfaffikon SZ.
References
Bach
Bach
Category:Freienbach |
// RUN: %clang_cc1 -emit-llvm %s -o - -triple x86_64-linux-gnu | FileCheck %s --check-prefixes=CHECK,CHECK-NOSANITIZE
// RUN: %clang_cc1 -fsanitize=alignment -fno-sanitize-recover=alignment -emit-llvm %s -o - -triple x86_64-linux-gnu | FileCheck %s -implicit-check-not="call void @__ubsan_handle_alignment_assumption" --check-prefixes=CHECK,CHECK-SANITIZE,CHECK-SANITIZE-ANYRECOVER,CHECK-SANITIZE-NORECOVER,CHECK-SANITIZE-UNREACHABLE
// RUN: %clang_cc1 -fsanitize=alignment -fsanitize-recover=alignment -emit-llvm %s -o - -triple x86_64-linux-gnu | FileCheck %s -implicit-check-not="call void @__ubsan_handle_alignment_assumption" --check-prefixes=CHECK,CHECK-SANITIZE,CHECK-SANITIZE-ANYRECOVER,CHECK-SANITIZE-RECOVER
// RUN: %clang_cc1 -fsanitize=alignment -fsanitize-trap=alignment -emit-llvm %s -o - -triple x86_64-linux-gnu | FileCheck %s -implicit-check-not="call void @__ubsan_handle_alignment_assumption" --check-prefixes=CHECK,CHECK-SANITIZE,CHECK-SANITIZE-TRAP,CHECK-SANITIZE-UNREACHABLE
typedef char **__attribute__((align_value(0x80000000))) aligned_char;
struct ac_struct {
// CHECK: %[[STRUCT_AC_STRUCT:.*]] = type { i8** }
aligned_char a;
};
// CHECK-SANITIZE-ANYRECOVER: @[[ALIGNED_CHAR:.*]] = {{.*}} c"'aligned_char' (aka 'char **')\00" }
// CHECK-SANITIZE-ANYRECOVER: @[[LINE_100_ALIGNMENT_ASSUMPTION:.*]] = {{.*}}, i32 100, i32 13 }, {{.*}}* @[[ALIGNED_CHAR]] }
char **load_from_ac_struct(struct ac_struct *x) {
// CHECK: define i8** @{{.*}}(%[[STRUCT_AC_STRUCT]]* %[[X:.*]])
// CHECK-NEXT: [[ENTRY:.*]]:
// CHECK-NEXT: %[[STRUCT_AC_STRUCT_ADDR:.*]] = alloca %[[STRUCT_AC_STRUCT]]*, align 8
// CHECK-NEXT: store %[[STRUCT_AC_STRUCT]]* %[[X]], %[[STRUCT_AC_STRUCT]]** %[[STRUCT_AC_STRUCT_ADDR]], align 8
// CHECK-NEXT: %[[X_RELOADED:.*]] = load %[[STRUCT_AC_STRUCT]]*, %[[STRUCT_AC_STRUCT]]** %[[STRUCT_AC_STRUCT_ADDR]], align 8
// CHECK: %[[A_ADDR:.*]] = getelementptr inbounds %[[STRUCT_AC_STRUCT]], %[[STRUCT_AC_STRUCT]]* %[[X_RELOADED]], i32 0, i32 0
// CHECK: %[[A:.*]] = load i8**, i8*** %[[A_ADDR]], align 8
// CHECK-NEXT: %[[PTRINT:.*]] = ptrtoint i8** %[[A]] to i64
// CHECK-NEXT: %[[MASKEDPTR:.*]] = and i64 %[[PTRINT]], 2147483647
// CHECK-NEXT: %[[MASKCOND:.*]] = icmp eq i64 %[[MASKEDPTR]], 0
// CHECK-SANITIZE-NEXT: %[[PTRINT_DUP:.*]] = ptrtoint i8** %[[A]] to i64, !nosanitize
// CHECK-SANITIZE-NEXT: br i1 %[[MASKCOND]], label %[[CONT:.*]], label %[[HANDLER_ALIGNMENT_ASSUMPTION:[^,]+]],{{.*}} !nosanitize
// CHECK-SANITIZE: [[HANDLER_ALIGNMENT_ASSUMPTION]]:
// CHECK-SANITIZE-NORECOVER-NEXT: call void @__ubsan_handle_alignment_assumption_abort(i8* bitcast ({ {{{.*}}}, {{{.*}}}, {{{.*}}}* }* @[[LINE_100_ALIGNMENT_ASSUMPTION]] to i8*), i64 %[[PTRINT_DUP]], i64 2147483648, i64 0){{.*}}, !nosanitize
// CHECK-SANITIZE-RECOVER-NEXT: call void @__ubsan_handle_alignment_assumption(i8* bitcast ({ {{{.*}}}, {{{.*}}}, {{{.*}}}* }* @[[LINE_100_ALIGNMENT_ASSUMPTION]] to i8*), i64 %[[PTRINT_DUP]], i64 2147483648, i64 0){{.*}}, !nosanitize
// CHECK-SANITIZE-TRAP-NEXT: call void @llvm.trap(){{.*}}, !nosanitize
// CHECK-SANITIZE-UNREACHABLE-NEXT: unreachable, !nosanitize
// CHECK-SANITIZE: [[CONT]]:
// CHECK-NEXT: call void @llvm.assume(i1 %[[MASKCOND]])
// CHECK-NEXT: ret i8** %[[A]]
// CHECK-NEXT: }
#line 100
return x->a;
}
|
A Scottish couple was told they couldn’t get married at a church in Aberdeenshire after the local minister objected to the fact that the pair were planning on wearing a bingo company’s logo on their garments. OnlineBingoClub had put up £5K for the couple to engage in the stunt, but the vicar didnae want the guests to be suddenly consumed by an urge to reclaim their wedding gift from the pile, hock it and then gamble away the ill-gotten proceeds. Under the G, “git tae fook’ outta here! Read more.
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The Ayre Media Group is based in Antigua in the West Indies with teams in London, Manila and Vancouver covering the global gambling industry.Along with ensuring fair coverage of the gambling industry we highlight the great work of the Calvin Ayre Foundation. |
[Molecular evolution of MHC DQA genes. II. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide substitution and SCU bias].
Phylogenetics of 23 alleles at MHC DQA loci in 7 mammalian species was studied based on their nucleotide (NT) substitution and synonymous codon usage (SCU) bias. (1) It was demonstrated that the NT substitution rates are 1.0 x 10(-9) NT/site/yr for exon2 and 1.3 x 10(-9) NT/site/yr for exon2-4 in a large time scale, which is similar to other nuclear genes, while for mouse and rat the rates are nearly twice as high as above mentioned. (2) The DQA locus diversity and their interallelic diversity developed long after the radiation of mammalian 80Mya (million years ago). The bovine counterpart, of, and with the same recent ancestor of ovine DQA2, remains to be discovered. HLA-DQA2 locus split from HLA-DQA1 ancestor at the time between 12 approximately 20 Mya while allele diversity of HLA-DQA1 emerged and developed from 24 Mya to less than 1 Mya. (3) The phylogenetic trees based on SCU divergence reflect the phylogenetics of MHC DQA genes quite well generally in a new respect and reveal that HLA-DQA2 has a distinctive SCU bias different from all other MHC DQA locianalyzed. It indicates that SCU statistics plays an important and unique role in phylogenetic analysis of orthologous genes. The method to estimate the SCU divergence and SCU similarity was improved in this research. |
ETF Guides
Gold Up Eight Days in a Row
With all the hoopla surrounding gold recently, it should come as no surprise that the commodity is currently riding an eight-day winning streak. The current run represents the seventh time since 1980 that gold has had a streak of eight or more consecutive days with a gain. As shown below, the only time one of these streaks went for more than eight days was back in 1982 when the ninth day was also positive (on the tenth day it fell 5.7%, or $63 in today's prices). Looking out over the next week, there has been little consistency in the results as periods of negative and positive returns have been evenly split. ,
Subscribe to Bespoke Premium to receive more in-depth research from Bespoke. |
Economy Adds Only 74,000 Jobs In December; Jobless Rate At 6.7 Percent
We'll be posting updates after the report's 8:30 a.m. ET release.
Enlarge this image toggle caption Matt Rourke/AP Matt Rourke/AP
There were only 74,000 jobs added to public and private payrolls in December, but the unemployment rate fell to a 5-year low 6.7 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics said Friday morning.
It was a report that included several surprises for economists and raised questions about just how strong — or not — the labor market was as 2013 came to a close. But some of those experts cautioned against reading too much into the data, which may have been skewed by unusually harsh weather last month that might have depressed job growth. They also said the December data could be revised in coming months.
We'll have more on the news. Click your "refresh" button to be sure you're seeing our latest updates.
Update at 10:15 a.m. ET. Stock Market Down A Bit:
At the opening of trading Friday, stocks rose slightly. But after the first 45 minutes or so, the Dow Jones Industrial Average is down about a quarter of a percentage point and other indices have dropped similar amounts. You can track the markets here.
Update at 9:55 a.m. ET. "A Lot More Work To Do," White House Says:
"As our economy continues to make progress, there's a lot more work to do," Jason Furman, chairman of the president's Council of Economic Advisers, says in a statement the White House just posted here.
He continues: "Though December's job growth was less than expected, we continue to focus on the longer-term trend in the economy: 2.2 million private sector jobs added and a 1.2 percentage point decline in the unemployment rate over the course of 2013."
Update at 9:40 a.m. ET. Boehner Blames Obama's Policies:
"Every American has a right to ask the question 'Where are the jobs?' " House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, says in a statement emailed to reporters. "Today's disappointing report shows, once again, that the president's policies are failing too many Americans, many of whom have simply stopped looking for work."
The White House typically posts its analysis of each months jobs report here. We'll update with a highlight once it's available.
toggle caption Krishnadev Calamur/NPR/Bureau of Labor Statistics
Update at 9:25 a.m. ET. Will Revisions Make December Look Better?
As it releases employment figures each month, BLS also revises the data from earlier months. On Friday, for example, it said that about 38,000 more jobs had been added to payrolls in November than previously thought.
Politico writes that:
"The surprising low payroll figures [released Friday] had some analysts predicting the number of jobs added in December will be revised upward in the coming month. " 'I wouldn't pay any attention at all to these numbers. They're not consistent with anything,' Moody's Analytics Chief Economist Mark Zandi said on CNBC. 'We're going to get the benchmark revisions, and they're going to be all revised up and revised away.' "
Update at 9:15 a.m. ET. Fed Policymakers Have A Dilemma:
The Fed, as we wrote earlier, has said it thinks the economy is in good enough shape to allow the central bank to begin scaling back on the amount of money it's been pumping in to boost growth.
What does this jobs report mean for Fed policy?
"If you're the Fed, I don't know what you do with this except scratch your head," tweets Washington Post columnist and Wonkblog economics editor Neil Irwin.
Update at 9:05 a.m. ET. Did Bad Weather Skew The Jobs Data?
The BLS economists do adjust the data for seasonal factors — to, for example, smooth out some of the variations caused by such things as winter weather that really aren't tied to the economy's underlying health.
But Bloomberg News notes that "more than a quarter million Americans were not at work because of inclement weather, the most for any December since 1977, the Labor Department said." The standard "seasonal adjustments" may not have been able to compensate for that.
The Wall Street Journal writes that "the Lindsey Group's Peter Boockvar suggests that [the sharp, weather-related drop in employment] likely hurt construction employment. ... 'Bottom line, because ... this figure doesn't square with other labor market indicators seen, I'm really not sure what to make of it,' he says."
Update at 8:45 a.m. ET. If Job Growth Was So Slow, Why Did The Jobless Rate Go Down?
The 74,000-gain in payroll employment last month was far below the 195,000-or-so that economists expected. But the unemployment rate fell 0.3 percentage points, which also surprised the experts. They had thought the rate held steady at November's 7 percent.
Those figures often seem to contradict each other because they're based on different surveys. The job growth data come from surveys of businesses and government agencies. Those institutions are basically asked to report how many jobs they have on their payrolls. The unemployment figure, meanwhile, comes from a survey of households. People are basically asked if they were or were not working.
To understand what's going on, it's important to dig into the data behind the unemployment rate. According to BLS, there were 347,000 fewer people in the "civilian labor force" last month than there were in November. That group includes both those who have jobs and those who say they're looking for work.
Meanwhile, BLS says that 143,000 more people — a subset of the total labor force — reported they were working. When the total size of the labor force shrinks, but more people say they've got jobs, that brings the unemployment rate down.
A key issue: Why were there fewer people in the labor force? According to BLS, 917,000 individuals were classified as "discouraged workers" last month. That was up by 155,000 from November. Discouraged workers are those who would like to have jobs, but have given up looking for work because they don't think they can find any.
An increase in the number of discouraged workers is not a positive sign.
Our original post — Will Last Jobs Report For 2013 Offer Hopeful Signs For 2014? — previewed the news:
When the Bureau of Labor Statistics releases figures this morning about job growth and the unemployment rate in December, economists will sift through the data to see if the numbers add to the recent evidence of slow improvement in the labor market, NPR's Yuki Noguchi said on Morning Edition.
The BLS report is due at 8:30 a.m. ET. We'll be updating with highlights and reaction to the news. As we wrote Thursday, economists expect to hear that 195,000 or so jobs were added to public and private payrolls last month. The unemployment rate, meanwhile, likely stayed around November's 7 percent.
There's a growing sense among economists, Yuki said, that something of a "warm front" is sweeping across the economy and that job growth in 2014 might be able to continue at a 200,000-or-so monthly rate. If that happens, she added, the jobless rate could be down around 6 percent by year's end.
One caveat: As the Federal Reserve scales back on some of the stimulus it's been giving the economy, that could slow things down.
Our friends over at Planet Money, who track this sort of news all the time, offer this related post: Every Job In America, In 1 Graph. |
The US and Japan have agreed plans to halve the number of US marines stationed on the island of Okinawa and to boost military ties.
Some 7,000 marines are to relocate to the US Pacific territory of Guam under plans agreed at talks in Washington.
US and Japanese forces will also set up joint operations and share bases, and cooperate on intelligence and training.
The moves are part of a joint strategy to dismantle static defences in order to confront new threats like terrorism.
US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld were joined by their Japanese counterparts in Washington for the talks.
The US has had tens of thousands of troops in Japan, its most important Asian ally, since the end of World War II.
Popular move
The decision to reduce the numbers in Okinawa, where about three-quarters of the US force is based, is likely to be popular with local residents, correspondents say.
About half of all US troops in Japan are based on Okinawa
The locals have long complained about the crime, pollution and noise from US bases - and Japan has been pushing for a redeployment of troops.
Three days ago, the US agreed it would relocate a military base on Okinawa from Futenma to Camp Schwab, near Henoko.
Neighbours wary
Japan has made a commitment to expand its own defence forces, which will train and operate alongside the US troops.
Tokyo has also agreed to the deployment of a powerful X-band radar, used to track long-range ballistic missiles, on its territory.
Earlier this week, Japan agreed to allow a US nuclear-powered aircraft carrier to be stationed in its waters for the first time from 2008.
At the same time, the US is looking for ways to make its military more flexible, stretched as it is by the continuing missions in Iraq and Afghanistan, the BBC's Chris Hogg in Tokyo says.
The Bush administration wants Japan to take a more active role in maintaining regional security, and it wants US and Japanese forces to be integrated more closely.
But because of Japan's past militarism, its neighbours - in particular China and South Korea - are wary of any move it makes away from its post-war pacifist stance, our correspondent says.
Japan's government also has problems selling such policies to its own people.
Many are wary of their prime minister's closeness to President George Bush, our correspondent adds, and will be unhappy if the redeployment of US troops from Okinawa means a greater military presence on their own doorstep. |
Q:
Why it doesn't return anything?
when i run the program it doesn't return the values True or False. Why that happens?
def esvocal(letter):
vocal = "a","e","i","o","u"
vocalup = "A","E","I","O","U"
if letter == vocal and letter == vocalup:
return True
else:
return False
esvocal("s")
esvocal("a")
A:
def esvocal(letter):
vocal =[ "a","e","i","o","u"]
vocalup = ["A","E","I","O","U"]
if letter in vocal and letter in vocalup:
return True
else:
return False
esvocal("s")
esvocal("a")
Python really cares about indentation
Use in instead of ==
|
Q:
fuzzy output after gdal2tiles.py on sentinel 2 data
I am trying to set up a tile service for Sentinal2 images.
For testing I use S2A_MSIL2A_20171007T103021_N0205_R108_T32UMC_20171007T103241.SAFE
There I take GRANULE/L2A_T32UMC_A011974_20171007T103241/IMG_DATA/R10m/L2A_T32UMC_20171007T103021_B03_10m.jp2
Copernicus Sentinel data [2017]' for Sentinel data
gdalinfo L2A_T32UMC_20171007T103021_B03_10m.jp2
Driver: JP2OpenJPEG/JPEG-2000 driver based on OpenJPEG library
Files: L2A_T32UMC_20171007T103021_B03_10m.jp2
L2A_T32UMC_20171007T103021_B03_10m.jp2.aux.xml
Size is 10980, 10980
Coordinate System is:
PROJCS["WGS 84 / UTM zone 32N",
GEOGCS["WGS 84",
DATUM["WGS_1984",
SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],
AXIS["Latitude",NORTH],
AXIS["Longitude",EAST],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]],
PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],
PARAMETER["central_meridian",9],
PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.9996],
PARAMETER["false_easting",500000],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["metre",1,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],
AXIS["Easting",EAST],
AXIS["Northing",NORTH],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","32632"]]
Origin = (399960.000000000000000,5800020.000000000000000)
Pixel Size = (10.000000000000000,-10.000000000000000)
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left ( 399960.000, 5800020.000) ( 7d31'53.50"E, 52d20'28.85"N)
Lower Left ( 399960.000, 5690220.000) ( 7d33'47.90"E, 51d21'15.96"N)
Upper Right ( 509760.000, 5800020.000) ( 9d 8'35.85"E, 52d21' 1.39"N)
Lower Right ( 509760.000, 5690220.000) ( 9d 8'24.68"E, 51d21'47.37"N)
Center ( 454860.000, 5745120.000) ( 8d20'40.48"E, 51d51'18.19"N)
Band 1 Block=1024x1024 Type=UInt16, ColorInterp=Undefined
Min=1978.000 Max=13691.000
Minimum=1978.000, Maximum=13691.000, Mean=7548.914, StdDev=1541.257
Overviews: 5490x5490, 2745x2745, 1372x1372, 686x686, 343x343
Overviews: arbitrary
Metadata:
STATISTICS_MAXIMUM=13691
STATISTICS_MEAN=7548,914
STATISTICS_MINIMUM=1978
STATISTICS_STDDEV=1541,2571173571
My idea was to generate the tiles with gdal2tiles.py. But I think my results are not usable.
Running gdal2tiles.py -p raster L2A_T32UMC_20171007T103021_B03_10m.jp2 ./tiles
Generated images in the folders look rather strange to me:
I already looked at the documentation and tried to play with the options
and read through gis.stackexchange. (https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/200251/how-to-use-gdal2tiles-on-a-custom-tiff-image-recieved-from-providers-to-generate)
But I was not able to get any closer to a solution.
Does someone spot my error and can help me?
Many thanks in advance, for everyone taking the time!
Kind regards
Niklas
A:
I was able to ask an expert for his advice.
This is the solution, that works perfectly for my data:
It seems to be, that gdal2tiles needs explicit unit8 (Byte)
gdal_translate -ot Byte -scale xxx.jp2 out.tif
gdal2tiles.py out.tif tms
Kind regards
Niklas
|
---
# TODO specify redis server version
- name: install redis
apt: name=redis-server state=present
notify: start redis
- name: install memcached
apt: name=memcached
notify: start memcached
|
Q:
Why is the term "depressed" often used to describe a button which is pressed?
In several books that mention GUI, keyboard, or mouse buttons (e.g. the book Programming Windows by Charles Petzold), the authors refer to the state of a pressed button as depressed. Why is this term used instead of the word pressed, which has a simple and intuitive meaning?
Some alternative terms that could be a better fit are pushed, clicked, or activated. As someone who is not a native-English speaker, the term depressed is unintuitive to me because it resembles the opposite meaning: not pressed.
A:
From TheFreeDictionary.com:
depression 1.
a. The act of depressing.
b. The condition of being depressed.
And the verb:
depress 4. to press or push down
So ... depressed works just fine for the state of a button being pushed in.
A:
"De" is also used as a prefix meaning "down to the bottom" or "away", which can also lead to "completely", as in the examples here: denude, denigrate.
It may count as an auto-antonym, also called contronym. But I can't think of an example of un-pressing something.
A:
Not sure, but my guess is that it's because technical writers are trying to make a distinction between the act of pressing something and the state of something being down/pressed/depressed.
depress and press are pretty much exact synonyms, but almost no one ever uses the term "depress" to describe the act of pressing something. It's correct, but the usage is rare. It's usually used to refer to the state of something. The word pressed is used both ways. But technical writers exploit the rarity of the usage of "depressed" to emphasize the distinction between between the state-word and the action-word.
So:
He pressed the button, and it was pressed.
Was the button actually in a down-state after it was pressed, or is the sentence just saying the same thing twice, that he attempted to press it?
He pressed the button, and it was depressed.
Okay, got it, his attempt to press the button was successful, and it left the button in a down-state.
|
Candida albicans is a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract. C. albicans, and to a lesser extent several other related species, are of increasing importance as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised hosts. A dimorphic, diploid yeast with no known sexual cycle, C. albicans is an endogenous organism that can be isolated from skin and mucosal tissues of persons whose immune systems are intact. However, perturbations of the immune or endocrine systems can create opportunities for Candida species to convert from a commensal state to invade tissues either locally or systemically. An example of this opportunism is the oral-esophageal or vaginal candidiasis that is encountered in association with HIV infection.
In C. albicans, the nuclear rDNA genes encoding the 5S, 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNAs are found as 50-100 copy tandem repeats of approximately 10 kb unit length on chromosome seven (Magee et al., 1987, Thrash-Bingham and Gorman, 1992). The 5S rDNA gene (121 bp) is flanked by two nontranscribed regions located between the small and large subunits, and collectively termed the intergenic spacer (IGS). Ribosomal 5.8S sequences have been compiled from a variety of eukaryotes (Dams et al., 1988). In addition, sequence analysis of the 5.8/28S internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region has shown strain variation within at least one fungal species (O'Donnell, 1992), while other species have demonstrated complete conservation (Mitchell et al., 1992). Strain-specific restriction polymorphisms (RFLPs) have previously been observed in the IGS region for C. albicans (Magee et al., 1987).
An opportunistic fungus, C. albicans also causes systemic disease in severely immunocompromised hosts. It is the most causative species of disseminated candidiasis followed by C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata (Odds, 1988). Dissemination occurs when Candida is spread via the bloodstream or by invasion of mucosal surfaces to internal organs (Odds, 1988). High-risk patient populations include individuals with malignancy or neutropenia, those receiving chemotherapy and/or multiple antibiotics, and those with indwelling catheters or low birth weight infants (Armstrong, 1989).
Diagnosis of systemic candidiasis is complicated by the absence of clinically distinguishing signs, frequently negative blood cultures, and the absence of a reliable serological test to detect infection. Currently, disseminated candidiasis is often diagnosed by a minimum of at least two positive blood cultures (Odds, 1988). However, blood culture alone is clearly not sufficient for the diagnosis of disseminated candidiasis since as many as 50% of disseminated candidiasis cases are diagnosed at autopsy (Telenti, et al. 1989). The nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B, the drug of choice for immunocompromised patients with disseminated disease, precludes its use for prophylaxis.
The incidence of disseminated candidiasis has increased in recent years due to the rising number of immunosuppressed and post-operative patients. The advent of new anti-fungal drugs has improved the prospects for management of this disease; however, diagnosis remains difficult. In addition, although fluconazole prophylaxis of bone marrow transplant patients has reduced the incidence of disseminated disease caused by Candida albicans, other Candida species which are innately resistant to fluconazole, most notably C. krusei and C. glabrata, have increased as the primary causative agent. Early detection and identification of Candida species is therefore essential for the proper targeting of antifungal therapy.
These facts, in conjunction with the difficulty of reliably culturing Candida from the blood and the lack of a sensitive and specific serological test to detect disease, underscore the need to develop alternative diagnostic approaches.
Technology has been developed for the detection of bacterial and viral DNA from the bloodstream of infected patients through the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR amplifies genomic DNA geometrically so that it may be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, or dot blot hybridization (Miyakawa et al. 1992, Kafatos et al. 1979, Lasker et al. 1992).
PCR-based diagnostic methods may provide increased sensitivity relative to blood culture techniques since viable organisms are not required for amplification or detection. There has only been one report to date describing the detection of C. albicans cells in infected patient blood through the use of PCR-amplified DNA (Buckman et al. 1990). Buchman et al. lysed C. albicans cells with ZYMOLYASE and proteinase K and extracted the DNA with phenol and chloroform. The limit of sensitivity by this method was 120 cells per ml of whole blood. As described, this method was time consuming, labor-intensive, repeatedly used toxic chemicals (phenol and chloroform), and has not been shown to be readily reproducible. In addition, a single copy gene, the cytochrome P-450 gene, was the target for DNA amplification, thus making the method much less sensitive. Miyakawa et al. described improved sensitivity by use of Southern blot hybridization for the detection of PCR products from Candida DNA (Miyakawa et al. 1991). The limit of sensitivity by Southern blot in their study was 10 cells per ml of urine and did not address detection in blood.
Use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based tests to detect C. albicans DNA in body fluids has produced some encouraging results. However, routine application of these tests for the detection of candidemia remains difficult. Current methods require labor-intensive sample preparation, costly enzymes for liberation of Candida DNA, and phenol-chloroform extraction to purify DNA before PCR amplification. After amplification, detection of PCR products by gel electrophoresis or Southern blotting is often not practical in a clinical laboratory setting. Sensitivity has been variable and false positive as well as false negative results have been reported. Also, most studies have concentrated on the detection of C. albicans DNA but not on DNA from non-albicans Candida species.
On the other hand, routine, culture-based identification of Candida species requires at least one day following initial positive results to obtain a pure culture, another day to identify C. albicans isolates by germ tube formation, and two or more additional days to identify non-albicans Candida isolates by API-20C sugar assimilation strip tests and cornmeal agar morphology. Therefore, a test to rapidly and accurately identify Candida isolates to the species level would be both clinically and epidemiologically useful.
The ability to detect Candida in blood is crucial for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of systemic candidiasis, because detection from urine or mucosal secretions can be confused with the normal commensal status of the organism or a localized non-disseminated infection. |
Could This Be Austin’s New Major League Soccer Stadium? (RENDERINGS)
December 7, 2017 by BuildingATX Staff
Could a new Major League Soccer stadium be coming to downtown Austin?
We’re getting our first look at early conceptual renderings of a 20,000-seat stadium that could host Major League Soccer (MLS) games, should the Columbus Crew franchise relocate to Austin. The rendering shows what a stadium might look like on the south shore of Lady Bird Lake, with a panoramic view of Austin’s skyline in the background.
In November, City Council passed a resolution to explore potential sites for a MLS soccer stadium as well as the potential effects on the surrounding community. The sites being considered include city owned property and under-utilized parkland.
While no sites have been selected, the 200 South Lamar site has been identified by franchise representatives as “virtually perfect”. It is owned by the City of Austin and is currently the Butler Shores at Town Lake Central Park. The stadium would be built on the western end of the park, and the east portion of the park would be preserved.
The site plan for the proposed stadium contains “little to no on-site parking”, and officials are proposing that attendees would get to the stadium using shuttles, walking, and ride-sharing services.
City Council is scheduled to discuss this site, and other potential sites, during their December 14th meeting. |
[A case of benign schwannoma arising in the brachial plexus with intrathoracic extension].
A case of benign schwannoma originating from the lowest trunk of the left brachial plexus with intrathoracic extension was reported. Intrathoracic growth of a schwannoma of the brachial plexus has been reported in only five cases in the literature. The patient was a 35-year-old man and had been pointed out an abnormal shadow at the left lung apex on the roentgenogram since 20-year-old. The tumor shadow was increased to seven cm from four in size on recent chest X-ray. We performed a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with the oblique skin incision at the left neck and removed the tumor completely and safely. |
LONDON (Reuters) - Veteran British actor Sir John Hurt, Oscar-nominated for his star turn in “The Elephant Man” and his supporting role in “Midnight Express”, has died after a long battle with pancreatic cancer, a representative said on Saturday. He was 77.
Hurt, who had starred in more than 200 films and television series over a career spanning six decades, revealed in 2015 that he was suffering from the early stages of pancreatic cancer and that he was receiving treatment.
His death was confirmed to Reuters via email by Charles McDonald, a British-based representative for the actor’s Los Angeles talent manager, John Crosby. The BBC, citing the actor’s agent, also reported that Hurt had died. Further details of the circumstances of his death were not immediately available.
Hurt said at the time of his cancer diagnosis that he intended to continue working. He most recently starred in the Sundance TV crime series “The Last Panthers” and in the Oscar-nominated film “Jackie”, playing a priest who consoled the newly widowed wife of slain U.S. President John F. Kennedy.
Hurt, a native of Derbyshire in England, garnered his first Academy Award nomination for his supporting role as Max, an inmate and heroin addict who befriends the imprisoned drug smuggler Billy inside a Turkish jail in the gripping 1978 drama “Midnight Express”.
He earned greater acclaim, and an Oscar nomination as best lead actor, for his portrayal of John Merrick, a grossly disfigured Victorian-era man struggling to project his humanity while enduring the indignities of life as a side-show freak in “The Elephant Man”. With his face obscured behind the character’s deformity, Hurt’s performance rested largely on the expression of the actor’s signature raspy voice.
Those two roles won him Britain’s top film award, the BAFTA. He was bestowed an honorary BAFTA in 2012 for his outstanding contribution to cinema.
Slideshow ( 14 images )
Hurt also played a key role in the original 1979 sci-fi thriller “Alien”. His character, Kane, became the first member of a space merchant vessel crew to fall victim to a fearsome life form, encountered on a distant moon, when a deadly parasitic creature burst from his chest.
It was one of the more memorable of numerous roles during his prolific career that ended with his character’s death - 40 in all, according to The Hollywood Reporter. His considerable body of on-screen portraits of mortality, from “The Wild and the Willing” in 1962 to “Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy” in 2011, were documented in a 4-1/2-minute YouTube compilation of clips titled “The Many Deaths of John Hurt”.
Other notable credits included supporting parts as a village doctor in Greece whose daughter falls in love with an Italian military officer during World War Two in the 2001 film “Captain Corelli’s Mandolin”, and as the eccentric wand-maker Mr. Ollivander in the “Harry Potter” movie franchise.
On television, he guest starred as the War Doctor, an incarnation of the lead protagonist in the long-running BBC science fiction series “Doctor Who”, for three episodes celebrating the show’s 50th anniversary in 2013. |
GSA: skin of the external auditory meatus; GVA: viscera of head, neck, thorax & abdomen proximal to the left colic flexure; SVA: taste from the epiglottis
also known as: CN X, 10th cranial nerve; the vagus n. passes through the jugular foramen to exit the posterior cranial fossa; (Latin, vagus = wanderer, so called because of its wide distribution to the body cavities)
Clinical Terms
congenital anomaly in which the upper esophagus ends (atresia) and does not connect with the stomach, and the lower esophagus connects to the trachea (tracheoesophageal fistula); a common complication seen shortly after birth is an aspiration pneumonia - infants will demonstrate excessive salivation, gagging, and coughing with feeding, poor feeding and a bluish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis); treatment involves the surgical repair of the esophagus before the child can take anything by mouth
visceral pain
pain relating to the viscera (i.e., splanchnic); mediated by the autonomic nervous system
referred pain
pain that is felt somewhere other than a region from which it originates; mediated by the autonomic nervous system
carcinoma
any of the various types of malignant (invasive) neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue in several sites, occurring more frequently in skin, bronchi, stomach, and prostate gland in men, and in the breast, cervix, and skin in women (Greek, carcino- = cancer + -oma = tumor)
tachycardic
patient with a rapid beating of the heart, defined as over 100 beats/minute
a common major operation performed to remove malignancies of the head and neck; the neck must be opened laterally and the majority of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is removed along with the regional cervical lymph nodes, the jugular vein, accessory nerve, submaxillary and parotid glands
epistaxis
nosebleed
murmur
a finding that can be indicative of heart disease. Murmurs can result from abnormalities in the heart or vessels that lead to turbulent flow |
Washington: Rapidly changing images may look like a blur to infants as their eyes take 10 times longer than adults to process movement, a new study had found.
Researchers at the University of California, Davis, found that while infants can perceive flicker or movement, they may not be able to identify the individual elements within a moving or changing scene as well as an adult.
"Their visual experience of changes around them is definitely different from that of an adult," study researcher Faraz Farzin was quoted as saying by a website.
Babies' brains gradually develop the ability to use visual information to discover and process their world, the researchers said.
They found that the speed limit at which babies can recognise individual moment-to-moment changes is about half a second -- about 10 times slower than adults, who can recognise rapid, individual changes that occur 50 to 70 milliseconds or slower.
To determine the speed limit on infants' visual perception, the researchers monitored the eye movements of a group of 6- to 15-month-olds as they were shown four flickering squares.
Three squares flickered from black to white and back, and one square flickered white to black, which was intended to draw more attention because it is out of phase with the other squares — the "odd man out."
Tracking the infants' eye movements showed that they did not spend more time looking at the odd white-to-black square, suggesting they could not distinguish it as being different, the researchers reported in the journal Psychological Science. "It was surprising how coarse their resolution was." Farzin said.
Specifically, the researchers found the six- and nine-month-olds could differentiate the alternating squares up to a rate of just 0.5 hertz, or one flicker per two seconds; the limit for the 15-month-olds was one hertz, or two flickers per two seconds -- which is eight times coarser than the resolution observed in adults who participated in the same flicker experiment.
The research suggests that for infants younger than 15 months, a TV show or movie in which scenes change faster than two frames per second most likely look like a blur.
For example, 24 frames per second are about the rate at which movies are filmed — way too fast for babies to decipher. |
---
abstract: 'The Tartarus database contains products for 529 *ASCA* observations of active galactic nuclei. We have been updating Tartarus to include observing sequences conducted after 1999 January. The revised database will contain products for 375 objects, with a total of 614 observing sequences. We have begun a systematic timing analysis of the Tartarus light curves. We present here some preliminary results of an investigation into the relation between excess variance and black-hole mass. Having optimised our analysis to minimize the scatter in the variance measurements, we find that the narrow-line active galactic nuclei follow roughly the same relation as the broad-line objects.'
author:
- 'Paul M. O’Neill'
- Kirpal Nandra
- 'Iossif E. Papadakis'
- 'T. Jane Turner'
title: Timing Analysis of Light Curves in the Tartarus Active Galactic Nuclei Database
---
[ address=[Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AW, United Kingdom]{} ]{}
[ address=[Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AW, United Kingdom]{} ]{}
[ address=[Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71 003, Heraklion, Greece]{} ,altaddress=[IESL, FORTH-Hellas, 71 110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece]{} ]{}
[ address=[Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, Code 660, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771]{} ,altaddress=[University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250]{} ]{}
X-RAY VARIABILITY IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
===========================================
The existence of variability in the X-ray emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs), on time-scales of days to years, was established roughly three-decades ago [e.g. @mwp81 and references therein]. Variations on time-scales shorter than this are also common. The launch of *EXOSAT*, with its long orbit, meant that well-sampled X-ray light curves could be obtained for time-scales of minues to days. The power-spectra generated from *EXOSAT* light curves could be described by an unbroken power-law [e.g. @lp93; @gml93]. Archival observations spanning weeks to months showed that, for two objects, the power-law flattened at low frequencies [@m88; @pm95]. More recently, *RXTE* and *XMM-Newton* observations have shown that the power-spectra of AGN light curves exhibit broken power-law shapes very similar to those seen in galactic black-hole X-ray binaries [e.g. @mpu03; @mev03].
As well as power-spectral density, the *excess variance* can be used to characterise the X-ray variability [e.g. @ngm97]. Excess variance is defined as the variance in the light curve not due to statistical fluctutations. The window function affects the excess variance less than it does the power-spectral density. Therefore, the excess variance is an especially useful quantity for the description of light curves containing many gaps.
An anti-correlation was found between excess variance and luminosity for a sample of AGNs observed by the *Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics* (*ASCA*) [@ngm97]. Later work using *ASCA* data found that, for a given luminosity, the X-ray light curves of narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies exhibit a larger excess variance than broad-line Seyfert 1 (BLS1) galaxies [@tgn99; @l99]. This result can be explained if, for a given luminosity, the NLS1s have a lower black-hole mass than the BLS1s. A lower mass results in faster variations, and this is seen as a larger excess variance. Alternatively, other properties of the variability, not just the time-scale, might differ between NLS1s and BLS1s. These alternatives can be tested through examining the dependence of the excess variance on black-hole mass.
The relationship between excess variance and black-hole mass, for Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), has been studied using *ASCA* data (time-scale $\sim 1$ d) [@ly01; @bz03]. These studies revealed an anti-correlation between mass and variance. Moreover, the narrow-line (NL AGNs) and broad-line (BL AGNs) objects followed the same relation. This relation could be explained if the power-spectrum is an unbroken power-law \[$P(\nu ) \propto
\nu^{-\alpha}$\] with $\alpha \sim 2$ [@ly01].
An investigation using *RXTE* data (time-scale $\sim 300$ d) presents a different picture [@p03]. The BLS1s, and the NLS1 MCG–6-30-15, follow a variance–mass relation that is consistent with a universal power-spectral shape. This ‘average’ spectrum comprises a twice-broken power-law which breaks from $\alpha = 0$ to $1$ at the so-called ‘low-frequency break’, and from $\alpha = 1$ to $2$ at the ‘high-frequency break’. The break frequencies are inversely proportional to black-hole mass, and the amplitude, when represented in power$\times$frequency space, is constant. This power-spectral shape resembles that seen in the black-hole binary Cyg X-1 in the low/hard state. The other NLS1 in the sample, NGC 4051, *did not* follow the above relation. The excess variance of NGC 4051 was consistent with a singly-broken power-law, breaking from $\alpha = 1$ to $2$, with a break frequency that is $20$ times higher than for BLS1s. This shape is similar to that seen in Cyg X-1 in the high/soft state. A power-spectral analysis of NGC 4051, using *RXTE* (time-scale $\sim 6.5$ years) and *XMM-Newton* (time-scale $\sim
100$ ks) data, confirms that NGC 4051 is indeed an analogue to high state binaries [@mpu03]. Moreover, in plots of high-frequency break versus black-hole mass, the NLS1s were found to have systematically higher break frequencies than the BLS1s [@p03; @mpu03].
The excess variance versus luminosity relation for the BLS1 galaxies can be explained as a consequence of the variance-mass relation if the BLS1s radiate at $\sim 13$ per cent of the Eddington luminosity [@p03]. The location of NGC 4051 in the variance-luminosity plane is consistent with that object radiating at $\sim 10$ per cent Eddington [@p03].
These results from *RXTE* and *XMM-Newton* suggest that the power-spectral properties of AGN depend on black-hole mass *and* at least one other parameter. The dependence with mass is perhaps the least surprising, since we expect the size of the emission region—and, therefore, the variability time-scale—to scale with mass. A useful step forward, then, is to account for this mass dependence and investigate how the X-ray variability depends on other parameters. This is best achieved through maximising the sample size and minimising observational scatter.
TARTARUS: A DATABASE OF ASCA OBSERVATIONS OF AGN
================================================
The *ASCA* satellite was launched into a 96 minute orbit on 1993 February 20 and ceased observing on 2000 July 14 [@tih94][^1]. The satellite comprised four X-ray telescopes and four corresponding focal-plane instruments [@sjs95]. There were two solid-state imaging spectrometers (SIS0 and SIS1) [@g95] and two gas imaging spectrometers (GIS2 and GIS3) [@oef96]. The effective energy ranges were 0.5–10 keV and 0.7–10 keV for the SIS and GIS instruments, respectively.
The Tartarus database contains products for all *ASCA* observations with targets designated as AGN [@tnt01]. The products comprise SIS and GIS event files, images, spectra, and light curves. Version 2 is presently available[^2] at Goddard Space Flight Centre (GSFC), and consists of 529 observing sequences. We are updating and improving the database to include data collected after 1999 January. The revised database will consist of 614 sequences with a total of 375 objects. Version 3 of Tartarus is to be made available at GSFC and Imperial College London.
We are conducting a systematic timing analysis of the light curves in the Tartarus database. Tartarus is well suited to such a project because it contains data for a large sample of objects. The overall aim of the project is to uncover any correlations that exist between the properties of the X-ray variability and other parameters.
We have begun the project by investigating those AGN for which the black-hole mass has been estimated. We present here some preliminary results of an investigation between excess variance and black-hole mass. Our work is similar to that conducted using *RXTE* data as described in the previous section.
ANALYSIS
========
---------------------- -------- ------------------------ ---------- --
[**Variable**]{}
NGC 4051 NL AGN $0.05^{+0.06}_{-0.03}$ [@sun03]
MRK 766 NL AGN 0.0832 [@bz03]
AKN 564 NL AGN 0.115 [@bz03]
MCG$-$6-30-15 NL AGN 0.155 [@bz03]
MRK 1040 BL AGN 0.229 [@bz03]
NGC 4593 BL AGN $0.66\pm0.52$ [@opd03]
NGC 7469 BL AGN $0.75^{+0.74}_{-0.75}$ [@ksn00]
MRK 110 NL AGN $0.77^{+0.28}_{-0.29}$ [@ksn00]
NGC 3783 BL AGN $0.87\pm0.11$ [@op02]
MRK 290 BL AGN 1.12 [@bz03]
NGC 4151 BL AGN $1.20^{+0.83}_{-0.70}$ [@ksn00]
TON S180 NL AGN 1.23 [@bz03]
NGC 3516 BL AGN $1.68\pm0.33$ [@opd03]
NGC 3227 BL AGN $3.6\pm1.4$ [@opd03]
MRK 509 BL AGN $9.2\pm1.1$ [@ksn00]
NGC 5548 BL AGN $9.4^{+1.7}_{-1.4}$ [@ksn00]
[**Non-Variable**]{}
MRK 335 NL AGN $0.38^{+0.14}_{-0.10}$ [@ksn00]
IC 4329A BL AGN $0.7^{+1.8}_{-1.6}$ [@ksn00]
PG 0026$+$12 NL AGN $2.66^{+0.49}_{-0.55}$ [@ksn00]
MRK 279 BL AGN 4.17 [@bz03]
F 9 BL AGN $8.3^{+2.5}_{-4.3}$ [@ksn00]
MRK 841 BL AGN 14.1 [@bz03]
PG 1116$+$215 BL AGN 16.2 [@wu02]
PG 0804$+$761 BL AGN $16.3^{+1.6}_{-1.5}$ [@ksn00]
AKN 120 BL AGN $18.7^{+4.0}_{-4.4}$ [@ksn00]
MCG$-$2-58-22 BL AGN 34.7 [@bz03]
MRK 1383 BL AGN $37^{+13}_{-16}$ [@ksn00]
IRAS F04250$-$5718 BL AGN 38.0 [@bz03]
HE 1029-1401 BL AGN 120 [@wu02]
---------------------- -------- ------------------------ ---------- --
: Name, type and black-hole mass for each object having at least 1 valid Tartarus light curve. The objects exhibiting significant variability are listed first.[]{data-label="tab:objinfo"}
We restricted our analysis to narrow- and broad-line AGN. Our sample contains Seyfert 1 galaxies and QSOs. We do not differentiate between Seyfert galaxies and QSOs, but we shall simply refer to each object as either a narrow- or broad-line AGN [@bz03]. We used the ‘rms spectrum’ [@pwb98] reverberation-mapping mass estimate if available, otherwise we used the mass estimate determined from the optical luminosity [e.g @wu02]. The objects in our sample, along with their black-hole masses, are listed in Table \[tab:objinfo\]. The mass measurements with no error bars were estimated via the optical luminosity. The uncertainty in these measurements is about 0.5 dex [@bz03]. Objects with $\mathrm{H}\beta < 2000$ km s$^{-1}$ were classified as NL AGNs [@tgn99; @bz03; @bg92; @md01].
The variance in a light curve is equal to the integral of the power-spectral density between the frequency limits set by the time resolution and duration of the light curve. Therefore, the use of different binnings and durations per object will introduce artificial scatter. We wish to minimize this scatter. Therefore, we used a time resolution of 256 s for all light curves, and restricted them to be between 30 and 40 ks in duration.
A sample of measurements of the excess variance of a red-noise process will possess a large scatter about their mean [@vew03 see also the following section]. This scatter is, of course, reduced by averaging over many realizations. Therefore, in our analysis, light curves longer than 40 ks were subdivided into many shorter segments. This allowed us to maximize the number of variance measurements per object.
We extracted a 2–10 keV combined SIS0 and SIS1 light curve for each object. We only used light curves comprising at least 20 bins, with each bin having no fewer than 20 counts. Some light curves, having being initially extracted, contained some bins having fewer than 20 counts. In these cases, we excised bins from the light curve, on the basis of fractional exposure, so that only valid bins remained. The invalid bins could thus be removed from the light curve without introducing bias.
There were 29 objects for which we had at least a single valid light curve segment. These objects are listed in Table \[tab:objinfo\]. We determined the $\chi^{2}$ corresponding to the hypothesis of a constant counting rate for each segment. We then summed all of the $\chi^{2}$s and degrees-of-freedom for each object, and thereby tested whether that object exhibited variability. We detected variability in 16 objects at the 95 per cent confidence significance level (see Table \[tab:objinfo\]). We are yet to determine the upper limits for those objects in which variability was not detected.
For the 8 objects having at least 5 measurements of excess variance, the uncertainty in the mean variance was measured from the observed scatter in those measurements. The standard deviation of the scatter about the mean was found to be $\sim 60$ per cent of the mean. We used this relation to assign uncertainties for the 8 objects having fewer than 5 variance measurements.
RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
-----------------------------------------
A plot of log$_{10}$ of the excess variance versus log$_{10}$ of the black-hole mass is presented in Fig. \[fig:xrt2003plot\]. The open and filled circles indicate the NL AGNs and BL AGNs, respectively. The stars indicate the masses of the 13 objects in we did not detect variability.
The solid line in Fig. \[fig:xrt2003plot\] shows the expected variance assuming a twice-broken power-law. We determined this using the relation found from *RXTE* data for BLS1s [@p03], except that we also accounted for red-noise leak. The dashed lines indicate the rough range of the expected variance based on the errors from the *RXTE* analysis.
The NL AGNs and BL AGNs follow roughly the same relation. This conclusion was also reached with previous analyses of *ASCA* data [@ly01; @bz03]. We note again that our analysis is an improvement over the previous work because we have calculated the excess variance from light curves having nearly the same length.
The next step in our work is to include the GIS data in our analysis to improve our signal-to-noise and increase the number of valid light curves. We will also investigate the variance–mass relationship in different energy bands.
Most importantly, our future work will involve simulations similar to those used in modeling AGN power-spectra [e.g. @mev03]. This will allow us to account for the sampling of the light curves and, thereby, permit a robust comparison with a hypothesised universal power spectrum. Moreover, we shall quantify the extent to which the mean excess variance of each object differs from the expected variance. These residuals can then be examined against other parameters, such as mass-accretion rate. In this way, we can investigate the extent to which various parameters, other than black-hole mass, are associated with the X-ray variability.
PMO acknowledges financial support from PPARC. This research has made use of the TARTARUS database, which is supported by Jane Turner and Kirpal Nandra under NASA grants NAG5-7385 and NAG5-7067.
[27]{} natexlab\#1[\#1]{}\[1\][“\#1”]{} url \#1[`#1`]{}urlprefix
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[^1]: see also <http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/asca/ascagof.html>
[^2]: [http//:tartarus.gsfc.nasa.gov](http//:tartarus.gsfc.nasa.gov)
|
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NO. 12-04-00001-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT
TYLER, TEXAS
JOE COLLINS, § APPEAL FROM THE 145TH
APPELLANT
V. § JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF
J.E. KINGHAM CONSTRUCTION, ET AL,
APPELLEES § NACOGDOCHES COUNTY, TEXAS
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Joe Collins appeals the jury verdict entered in favor of Appellees J.E. Kingham Construction
(“Kingham”), Ltd., Eastex Steel Erectors, Inc. d/b/a Eastex Steel Erectors (“Eastex”), and Tommy
Searcy, Individually, d/b/a Tommy’s Welding Service, and d/b/a TWS Construction Services
(“Searcy”). Collins raises three issues on appeal. We affirm.
Background
Kingham was the general contractor on the Berry Direct construction project in Nacogdoches,
Texas. Kingham subcontracted the steel work to Eastex, which, in turn, subcontracted a portion of
that work to Searcy. Kingham hired Collins as an electrical subcontractor. Collins was laying
electrical conduit in the northeast corner of the job site when two unsecured steel girders
fell over
onto Collins and injured him.
Collins filed suit against Kingham, Eastex, and Searcy seeking damages for premises
liability, negligent failure to control, and simple negligence. In the court’s charge, the first question
read as follows:
Question No. 1
Did those named below have a right to control the injury-causing activity and/or the defect-producing
work on the premises?
“Right to control requires that those named below exercised or retained some control over the manner
in which the injury-causing activity and/or the defect-producing work was performed, other than the
general right to order the work to start or stop or to inspect progress or receive reports.
Answer “Yes” or “no” for each of the following:
a. J.E. Kingham Construction Company, Ltd. ___________
b. Eastex Steel Erectors, Inc. ___________
The jury answered “no” with respect to both Kingham and Eastex. The remaining charge
questions were conditioned, either directly or indirectly, upon the jury’s answer to Question 1.
Collins subsequently filed a motion for new trial, which the trial court denied. This appeal followed.
Hearsay
In his first issue, Collins argues that the trial court improperly admitted hearsay testimony
over his timely objection. The pertinent testimony
and Collins’s objection are contained in the
following excerpt:
Q You just answered a question, and you said that you heard from one of the
electricians that these thing[s] happened this way and that way. I really didn’t
understand that answer.
A Well, it’s simple of it. I draw near to that person because he was a Hispanic person,
and I’ve asked him what happened, and the ambulance have already been there and
everything.
Q Okay. But my question is, first of all, you were able to communicate with this other
fellow because he spoke Spanish like you do?
A Yes.
Q And because you were working on a job site where someone else got injured, you
were probably curious about why that person got injured; would that be correct?
A Yes.
Q And so did you walk up to the Spanish speaking fellow and say, what happened to
your co-worker, what happened to your friend, how did he get hurt?
A Yes, that basically was what I’ve asked him.
Q Okay. And what – I didn’t understand, and I apologize to you for what I don’t
understand. Is that – was this response back to you about how or why the accident
happened?
A What –
[COLLINS’S ATTORNEY]: Objection, hearsay.
THE COURT: Any response, . . .
[KINGHAM’S ATTORNEY]: Your Honor, it’s res gestae. This happened just
after the event.
[EASTEX’S ATTORNEY]: It’s a present sense impression also, Judge, and it goes
to the –
[COLLINS’S ATTORNEY]: Judge, can we – we don’t have the objections out in
the open. It’s hearsay. And if we need to approach and discuss why it’s hearsay –
[KINGHAM’S ATTORNEY]: I don’t know why we need to approach.
THE COURT: Yeah, y’all approach for a second.
(At the bench, off the record)
THE COURT: Overruled.
[KINGHAM’S ATTORNEY]: I’ll re-read the question.
Q ... what was his response back to you about how or why the accident happened?
A What he answered to me, it was that there were two people walking and one was in
front and one was behind, the one in front walked through, and the one behind
stumbled on the steel and he fell.
Q And did this Spanish speaking fellow tell you that he saw what happened?
A Yes, because he was –
[COLLINS’S ATTORNEY]: Judge – Hold on. I don’t think we had a ruling to the objection
on the record. So, I want to make sure the record’s clear that I previously objected to it as
hearsay, and then you overruled the objection.
....
THE COURT: Okay. I did overrule it. Thank you.
Hearsay is defined as “a statement, other than one made by the declarant while testifying at
the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted.” Tex. R. Evid.
801(d). Hearsay is not admissible except as provided by statute or other rules. See Tex. R. Evid.
802. However, even if we assume that the above-referenced testimony was hearsay not subject to
an exception, any error in admitting such testimony must be harmful to result in a reversal.
No judgment may be reversed on appeal on the ground that the trial court made an error of
law unless the court of appeals concludes that the error either (1) probably caused the rendition of
an improper judgment or (2) probably prevented the appellant from properly presenting the case to
the court of appeals. See Tex. R. App. P. 44.1(a). We review the entire record to determine whether
the ruling amounted to reversible error. See Quantum Chem. Corp. v. Toennies, 47 S.W.3d 473,
480 (Tex. 2001). Reversible error does not usually occur in connection with an evidentiary ruling
unless the whole case turns on the evidence admitted or excluded. See City of Brownsville v.
Alvarado, 897 S.W.2d 750, 753 (Tex. 1995).
In the case at hand, the only issue addressed by the jury was whether Kingham and/or Eastex
had a right to control the injury-causing activity and/or the defect-producing work on the premises.
As Collins notes in his brief, Flores’s testimony that he was told that Collins stumbled on the steel
and he fell “has no bearing on the issue of Kingham’s right of control.” Yet, Collins argues that it
is plausible that if the jury believed that Collins tripped over the steel, then the jury would believe
that Kingham should not be responsible for Collins’s own negligence. However, Collins’s argument
fails to address the fact that the jury’s finding addressed only the issue of Kingham and/or Eastex’s
control over the injury-causing activity and/or the defect-producing work on the premises, not
proportionality of responsibility. See Plainview Motels, Inc. v. Reynolds, 127 S.W.3d 21, 35 (Tex.
App.–Tyler 2003, pet. denied) (In our analysis of the distinction between premises liability and
negligent activity, we do not focus on the activities of the plaintiff, which relate to the issue of
contributory negligence, but rather on the activities of the defendant.); Restatement (Second) of
Torts § 341 (1965). We conclude that Flores’s testimony had no bearing on the jury’s finding that
neither Kingham nor Eastex had a right to control the injury-causing activity and/or the defect-producing work on the premises. Therefore, we hold that even if the trial court did erroneously
admit the aforementioned portion of Flores’s testimony to which Collins objected, such error was
harmless. Collins’s first issue is overruled.
Factual Sufficiency
In his second issue, Collins argues that the evidence was factually insufficient to support the
jury’s finding that Kingham did not have a right to control or actually control the injury-causing
activity and/or the defect-producing work on the premises. When evaluating a factual sufficiency
challenge, we will consider and weigh all of the evidence in the case, both evidence supporting the
verdict and evidence that tends to contradict the facts upon which the jury based its verdict. See In
re King’s Estate, 244 S.W.2d 660, 661 (Tex. 1951). We may not substitute our conclusions for
those found by the jury and will reverse only if we conclude that the verdict is so against the great
weight and preponderance of the evidence as to be manifestly unjust. Id.
Materiality of Question 1
Premises defect cases and negligent activity cases are based on independent theories of
recovery. Clayton Williams, Jr., Inc. v. Olivo, 952 S.W.2d 523, 529 (Tex. 1997). Recovery on
a negligent activity theory requires that the person be injured by or as a contemporaneous result of
an activity, rather than by a condition created by the activity. Timberwalk Apts. v. Cain, 972 S.W.2d
749, 753 (Tex. 1998); Keetch v. Kroger Co., 845 S.W.2d 262, 264 (Tex. 1992). If the injury was
caused by a condition created by the activity rather than the activity itself, the plaintiff is limited to
a premises liability theory of recovery. See Keetch, 845 S.W.2d at 264.
In his brief, Collins states, “[I]t is clear from the evidence that the conduct about which
[Collins] complained and which resulted in his injuries related to the condition and location of the
two steel girders which fell on Collins on the date of the accident.” Collins continues, “Other than
the testimony of Cesario Flores about which Plaintiff raised a valid objection, there is no evidence
that any activities by anyone ‘caused’ the steel to fall on Plaintiff Collins.” Moreover, in a footnote,
Collins states, that it is his contention that this is a premises defect case and not a negligent activity
case
and that the evidence establishes that Kingham exercised actual control over where and when
Collins was working and had actual knowledge of the type of work he was doing that day. In sum,
Collins concedes that the evidence supports a premises liability finding, but not a finding related to
negligent activity. Id.
A premises liability defendant may be held liable for a dangerous condition on the property
if it assumed control over and responsibility for the premises. See County of Cameron v. Brown,
80 S.W.3d 549, 556 (Tex. 2002). The relevant inquiry is whether the defendant assumed sufficient
control over the part of the premises that presented the alleged danger. Id.
In the case at hand, Collins has conceded that the evidence does not support a finding related
to negligent activity. The only other theory under which Collins sought to hold Kingham liable was
premises liability. However, Question 1 did not permit the jury to find whether Kingham assumed
control over and responsibility for the premises. See id. Rather, Question 1 concerned whether
Kingham had a right to control the injury-causing activity and/or the defect-producing work on the
premises. As Question 1 did not address the element of ownership or possession by virtue of control
over the premises, the jury’s finding on Question 1 is immaterial with respect to the issue of
premises liability. Collins’s second issue is overruled.
Charge Instruction
In his third issue, Collins argues that the trial court erred by refusing to submit the following
instruction with Question 1 of the court’s charge:
A written contract expressly excluding any right of control over the details of the work is not
conclusive if it was a subterfuge from the beginning or was persistently ignored or was modified by
subsequent express or implied agreement of the parties; otherwise such a written contract is
conclusive.
In his brief, Collins argues that the only evidence on which the jury could have reasonably relied in
answering “no” to Question No. 1 with respect to Kingham was the actual contract between
Kingham and Eastex. As set forth above, Collins has conceded that the evidence supports a premises
liability finding, but not a finding related to negligent activity. Yet even assuming arguendo that the
trial court’s refusal to submit the aforementioned instruction was erroneous, such refusal was not
harmful.
No judgment may be reversed on appeal on the ground that the trial court made an error of
law unless the court of appeals concludes that the error either (1) probably caused the rendition of
an improper judgment or (2) probably prevented the appellant from properly presenting the case to
the court of appeals. See Tex. R. App. P. 44.1(a). We review the entire record to determine whether
the instruction amounted to reversible error. See Toennies, 47 S.W.3d at 480.
Here, as set forth above, Question 1 is immaterial with respect to the issue of premises
liability. Therefore, we hold that even if the trial court erred in refusing to submit the requested
instruction, such refusal was harmless with regard to the issue of premises liability. Collins’s third
issue is overruled.
Disposition
Having overruled Collins’s issues one, two, and three, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
DIANE DEVASTO
Justice
Opinion delivered July 20, 2005.
Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Griffith, J., and DeVasto, J.
(PUBLISH)
|
r). Let x(p) be the first derivative of p**3 + 0 + 47 - 28. Give x(b(w)).
3*w**4
Let d(h) = h**2 - 909796. Let b(t) = t**2. Determine d(b(a)).
a**4 - 909796
Let i = -2 - -15. Let g(m) = i*m - 36*m + 14*m + 7*m. Let y(f) be the first derivative of -f**3/3 + 1. Determine g(y(c)).
2*c**2
Suppose -2*d = 5*x - 6, 4*d = 3*x + 5*d - 3. Let f(h) be the second derivative of x*h**2 + 0 - 7/6*h**3 - 4*h. Let m(y) = -y. What is m(f(q))?
7*q
Let c(o) = -3*o**2 - 6*o + 6. Suppose 0 = -6*a + 2 + 34. Let h(w) = 4*w**2 + 7*w - 7. Let s(u) = a*h(u) + 7*c(u). Let f(y) = -4*y**2. What is s(f(b))?
48*b**4
Let q(p) = 228*p**2. Let f(d) = -1 + 6 - d + 2 - 7. What is f(q(n))?
-228*n**2
Let z(d) = 3*d**2 - 2*d - 3. Let s(f) = 29*f**2 - 22*f - 33. Let q(b) = 2*s(b) - 22*z(b). Let t(j) = 14*j. Calculate t(q(v)).
-112*v**2
Let v(z) = -3*z - 543. Let f(w) = -15*w**2. Calculate v(f(i)).
45*i**2 - 543
Let d(m) = -3*m**2 + 29 - 13 - 16 + 4*m**2. Let c(w) = -775*w**2. What is c(d(s))?
-775*s**4
Let v(q) = -q**3 - 8*q**2 + 11*q + 21. Let g be v(-9). Let x(j) be the second derivative of 0 + 3/2*j**g + 4*j + 0*j**2. Let l(n) = n**2. Determine l(x(f)).
81*f**2
Let f(t) = 192*t - 198*t - 24 + 36. Let k(s) = -s. Calculate f(k(y)).
6*y + 12
Let f(p) = -30*p**2 + 3*p - 3. Let i(l) = -61*l**2 + 7*l - 7. Let s(x) = 7*f(x) - 3*i(x). Let r(h) = 5*h. Calculate r(s(z)).
-135*z**2
Let z be (-10)/(-4)*(-20)/(-10). Let i(b) = b. Let w(q) = q. Let d(u) = z*w(u) - i(u). Let s(o) be the third derivative of -o**4/12 + 4*o**2. What is s(d(v))?
-8*v
Suppose -5*y + 10 = 0, 3*y = -3*t + 16 + 5. Let z(q) = 3*q + 2*q + t*q - 9*q. Let f(r) = -10*r**2. Give z(f(w)).
-10*w**2
Let b(v) = 4*v**2. Let p(f) be the third derivative of f**6/180 - 5*f**3/3 - 12*f**2. Let x(c) be the first derivative of p(c). Determine x(b(h)).
32*h**4
Let j(g) be the third derivative of -33*g**2 + 0*g**3 + 0*g + 0 + 13/24*g**4. Let t(c) = -c**2. Give t(j(l)).
-169*l**2
Let p(a) = 38*a - 18*a + 49 - 26 - 23. Let t(j) = -3*j**2 + 6. Calculate p(t(n)).
-60*n**2 + 120
Let l(a) = -a**2. Let p(i) = 3*i**2 - 12*i + 4. Let c(h) = 2*h**2 - 16*h + 3. Let m(d) = -4*c(d) + 3*p(d). Determine m(l(f)).
f**4 - 28*f**2
Let n(q) be the second derivative of -3*q**4/4 + 29*q**2/2 + 173*q. Let o(k) = -2*k. Give o(n(b)).
18*b**2 - 58
Let n(r) = -2*r**2. Let f = 99 + -90. Let l(v) = -v**2 + f - 4 - 5. Determine l(n(u)).
-4*u**4
Let p(u) = 92719*u. Let b(t) = 23*t**2. Give b(p(i)).
197726698103*i**2
Let f(m) be the third derivative of -27*m**4/8 + 39*m**2. Let j(t) = 3*t**2. Determine j(f(s)).
19683*s**2
Let g(m) = -23*m. Let j(b) = 3*b + 10*b - 16*b + 2*b. Give g(j(r)).
23*r
Let l(x) = x. Let o(g) = -554*g**2 + 11*g. Determine o(l(a)).
-554*a**2 + 11*a
Let x(u) = 21855*u. Let s(t) = 17*t**2 + 1. Determine x(s(c)).
371535*c**2 + 21855
Let q(t) be the second derivative of 0*t**2 + 23/6*t**3 + t + 19. Let l(n) = -2*n**2. What is q(l(a))?
-46*a**2
Let z(o) = -o**2 - o - 1. Let a = -24 - -28. Let s(n) = -7*n**2 - 4*n - 4. Let f(d) = a*z(d) - s(d). Let j(p) = 4*p**2. Give f(j(h)).
48*h**4
Let m(i) = -3*i**2. Let j(u) = -1 - 2*u - 10*u - 1 + 3 + 2. Calculate m(j(k)).
-432*k**2 + 216*k - 27
Suppose -5*a = -20, m + m = -4*a + 22. Let q(o) = m*o**2 - 9*o + 4*o**2 + 9*o. Let w(y) = -2*y + 6. Let g(p) = 1. Let b(v) = 6*g(v) - w(v). Determine b(q(d)).
14*d**2
Let a = -13 - -15. Let b(k) = 3*k**a + 2*k**2 - 17 + 17. Let z(t) = -t**2. Calculate b(z(m)).
5*m**4
Let w(r) = r. Let l = -3/391 + 4319/2346. Let b(f) be the second derivative of 0*f**2 + 5*f + l*f**3 + 0. Determine w(b(i)).
11*i
Let c(h) = -2*h + 3095. Let k(z) = -3*z. Calculate c(k(v)).
6*v + 3095
Let z = -263 + 263. Let r(u) be the third derivative of 3*u**2 + 0*u**4 + z - 1/60*u**5 + 0*u**3 + 0*u. Let x(k) = 3*k**2. Give r(x(g)).
-9*g**4
Let b(d) = -4*d. Let n be (-14)/(-50)*5 + 3/5. Let y(v) = 5*v - 3*v + 3*v**2 - n*v. Give y(b(x)).
48*x**2
Let h(q) = 8*q. Let c be (-4)/((-7)/((-7)/(-2))). Let g(o) = -3*o**c - 2*o**2 + o**2 + 2*o**2. What is g(h(m))?
-128*m**2
Let j(l) = 3*l**2 - 5. Let o(y) be the first derivative of y - 19. Let p(h) = j(h) + 5*o(h). Let m(z) = 11*z**2. Determine m(p(q)).
99*q**4
Suppose w - 1 = -0*w. Let n(t) = w - 21*t + 5*t + 9*t. Let g(o) = 2*o**2. Determine g(n(f)).
98*f**2 - 28*f + 2
Let z(o) = 6*o + 21. Let l(h) be the first derivative of h**2/2 + 4*h + 17. Let n(g) = 21*l(g) - 4*z(g). Let m(u) = -21*u**2. Determine m(n(a)).
-189*a**2
Let w(p) be the second derivative of p**3/2 + 99*p + 1. Let v(l) = -68*l**2. Determine w(v(h)).
-204*h**2
Let v(h) = -104*h. Let a(r) = -3*r + 6*r**2 + 3*r - r**2 - 3*r**2. What is v(a(u))?
-208*u**2
Let a(y) = -10955*y**2 - 2. Let n(o) = o. What is a(n(g))?
-10955*g**2 - 2
Let n(u) = -7*u**2. Let t(v) = -26*v - 2. Let g(w) = -26*w - 3. Let a(k) = -2*g(k) + 3*t(k). Calculate n(a(j)).
-4732*j**2
Let x(m) = -13*m. Let n(s) = 1652*s. Determine n(x(c)).
-21476*c
Let w(i) = -77*i - 76*i - 3*i**2 + 153*i. Let n(v) = -14 + 2*v**2 + 7 + 7. Calculate n(w(u)).
18*u**4
Let w(f) = -32*f. Let t(d) = 18*d**2. Calculate w(t(c)).
-576*c**2
Let a(v) = -778*v. Let t(l) = 486*l. What is t(a(f))?
-378108*f
Let d(o) = -8*o - 2. Let a(q) = -q**2 - 20*q - 5. Let r(k) = -2*a(k) + 5*d(k). Let w(f) be the second derivative of -5*f**4/4 - 10*f. Give r(w(j)).
450*j**4
Let v(x) = -x. Let i(l) = 219414*l**2 + 3. What is v(i(m))?
-219414*m**2 - 3
Let s(i) = i**2 + 4. Let g(k) = -321*k**2. Calculate g(s(b)).
-321*b**4 - 2568*b**2 - 5136
Let v(b) = -9*b - 7. Let r(q) = 5*q + 4. Let g(d) = 7*r(d) + 4*v(d). Let l(x) = -7*x + 2*x - x. Determine l(g(s)).
6*s
Let w(p) = p. Let k(z) = 16*z**2 - 6*z + 18. Let m(g) = g - 3. Let b(y) = -k(y) - 6*m(y). Determine b(w(c)).
-16*c**2
Let g(j) = 4*j**2 - j. Let b(m) = -m**2 - 43. Give b(g(v)).
-16*v**4 + 8*v**3 - v**2 - 43
Let x(g) = 4*g. Let z(r) = -3*r. Let j be 4/(-12)*0 - 6. Let y(s) = j*z(s) - 5*x(s). Let a(t) be the third derivative of t**5/30 - 20*t**2. Calculate y(a(f)).
-4*f**2
Let u(q) be the first derivative of -q**2 + 949. Let o(i) = 40*i - 15. Let t(c) = -5*c + 2. Let w(k) = -3*o(k) - 25*t(k). Calculate w(u(x)).
-10*x - 5
Let r(h) be the first derivative of 2 - 1 - h**3 - 3. Let u(g) = 7*g**2 + 5*g - 5. Let v(p) = -6*p**2 - 4*p + 4. Let k(q) = -4*u(q) - 5*v(q). What is k(r(l))?
18*l**4
Let s(c) = c**2 + 10*c + 12. Suppose k = -2*t - t - 9, t + 9 = -k. Let a be s(k). Let m(i) = -a*i + 5*i + i - 2*i. Let h(o) = 3*o**2. Determine h(m(b)).
3*b**2
Let g(y) = 6*y**2. Let x(o) = -3374*o**2. Give x(g(i)).
-121464*i**4
Let a(p) = -303450*p. Let o(v) = 2*v. What is a(o(h))?
-606900*h
Let h(f) be the third derivative of f**7/1260 - 13*f**4/12 + 19*f**2. Let u(o) be the second derivative of h(o). Let g(c) = 9*c. Give u(g(i)).
162*i**2
Suppose 5*b - 7*z + 2*z + 80 = 0, 64 = -5*b + z. Let l be (32/b)/(4/(-6)). Let c(a) = 0*a - l*a + 2*a. Let u(x) = 6*x. Determine c(u(f)).
-12*f
Let h(w) be the third derivative of 2*w**5/5 - w**2. Let a(g) be the first derivative of g**2 + 41. Determine a(h(y)).
48*y**2
Let x(o) = 6*o**2 - 6. Let w(f) = -f**2 + f - 1. Let u(i) = 10*i**2 - 15*i + 15. Let z(c) = u(c) + 15*w(c). What is z(x(p))?
-180*p**4 + 360*p**2 - 180
Let b(j) = -641*j. Let g(m) = 6*m**2 + 36. Give b(g(n)).
-3846*n**2 - 23076
Let w(g) = -4*g**2 - 6*g - 6. Let j(z) = z. Let l(v) = -v**2 + 2*v - 1. Let s(p) = 15*j(p) - 5*l(p). Let o(y) = 6*s(y) + 5*w(y). Let a(f) = f. What is a(o(q))?
10*q**2
Let u(c) = -30817*c. Let m(x) = 3*x**2. Calculate m(u(v)).
2849062467*v**2
Let f(l) = 5*l**2 - 13*l**2 + 4*l**2. Let s(v) be the second derivative of 0 + 0*v**2 + 1/6*v**3 + v. Calculate s(f(i)).
-4*i**2
Let v(i) = 7*i - 2. Let d(t) be the third derivative of -t**4/24 + 104*t**2. Calculate v(d(a)).
-7*a - 2
Let q(f) = -19653*f + 7. Let a(r) = 2*r. Calculate q(a(c)).
-39306*c + 7
Let f(y) be the first derivative of y**2/2 - 1. Let j(a) = a - 6. Let s(u) = u - 4. Let c(v) = 2*j(v) - 3*s(v). Calculate c(f(d)).
-d
Let f(d) = 5*d + 18. Let k(t) = -14*t**2 - 15. Let h(z) = 8*z**2 + 9. Let y(g) = 5*h(g) + 3*k(g). Give f(y(r)).
-10*r**2 + 18
Let j(p) = -121*p + 187. Let w(r) = 2*r - 3. Let d(c) = 6*j(c) + 374*w(c). Let u(g) = -4*g. Give u(d(m)).
-88*m
Let l(f) = f. Let q(c) = 21552*c**2. Calculate q(l(b)).
21552*b**2
Let o(z) = 18159*z. Let d(p) = -5*p. What is d |
Interleukin-4 is chemotactic for mouse macrophages.
An important component of the cell-mediated immune response often is the migration of macrophages to the site of immune activity. Although much evidence suggests that macrophage migration is regulated by antigen-specific T cells, the influence of T cell-derived cytokines on macrophage chemotaxis has not been well studied. Here we present evidence that interleukin-4 (IL-4), a cytokine derived from T helper 2 (Th 2) cells, is chemotactic for mouse peritoneal macrophages. In an in vitro chemotaxis assay using Boyden chambers, recombinant IL-4 was chemotactic for mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages. This response was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the anti-IL-4 antibody, 11B11. As shown here and previously, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), cytokines derived from T helper 1 cells, are not chemotactic for mouse macrophages. |
Q:
PHP no recibe parametros despues de submit
Estoy haciendo una formulario relativamente sencillo en el que uso el plugin multiple-select.
Este es el formulario:
<form id="frmDatos" class="form-horizontal" action="txartelak.php" method="post">
<input type="submit" class="btn" id="salida" name="salida" value="<?php echo $lang["BUSCAR"] ?>" onclick="alert('Pulsado')">
<a href="listados.php" class="btn btn-danger"><?php echo $lang["VOLVER"]?></a>
<div class="form-body">
<div class="form-group">
<div class="row">
<!-- Año escolar -->
<label class="col-md-2 col-sm-12 control-label" for="annoMostrar"><?php //echo $lang["AÑOACADEMICO"] ?></label>
<div class="col-md-2 col-sm-12">
<input id="annoMostrar" maxlength="4" name="annoMostrar" type="text" class="form-control" value="<?php //echo $annoMostrar ?>">
</div>
<div class="col-md-2 col-sm-12">
<input id="annoSig" maxlength="4" name="annoSig" type="text" class="form-control" disabled>
</div>
<!-- Falta añadir multiselect de alumnos y etapa -->
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-2">
<label class="col-md-2 col-sm-12 control-label" for="annoMostrar"><?php echo "ALUMNO"//$lang["AÑOACADEMICO"] ?></label>
</div>
<div class="col-6" style="padding-top:10px;">
<select id="alumnos" style="width:100%" id="alumnos" name="alumnos[]" class="js-example-basic-single" multiple="multiple" style="height: 30px" >
<?php foreach ($filtroUsuarios as $monitores) { ?>
<option value="<?php echo $monitores["USCOD"]; ?>" ><?php echo $monitores["USCOD"]."-".$monitores["SNOM"]; ?></option>
<?php } ?>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-2">
<label class="col-md-2 col-sm-12 control-label" for="annoMostrar"><?php echo "ETAPA"//$lang["AÑOACADEMICO"] ?></label>
</div>
<div class="col-6" style="padding-top:10px;">
<select id="etapas" style="width:100%" id="etapas" name="etapas[]" class="js-example-basic-single" multiple="multiple" style="height: 30px">
<?php foreach ($filtroEtapas as $monitores) { ?>
<option value="<?php echo $monitores["ETCOD"]; ?>"><?php echo $monitores["ETCOD"]."-".$monitores["ETDESCE"]; ?></option>
<?php } ?>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-2" >
<label class="col-md-2 col-sm-12 control-label" for="annoMostrar"><?php echo "CURSO"//$lang["AÑOACADEMICO"] ?></label>
</div>
<div class="col-6" style="padding-top:10px;">
<select id="cursos" style="width:100%" id="cursos" name="cursos[]" class="js-example-basic-single" multiple="multiple" style="height: 30px">
<?php foreach ($filtroClase as $monitores) { ?>
<option value="<?php echo $monitores["SCLASE"]; ?>"><?php echo $monitores["SCLASE"]?></option>
<?php } ?>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-2">
<label class="col-md-2 col-sm-12 control-label" for="annoMostrar"><?php echo "CLASE"//$lang["AÑOACADEMICO"] ?></label>
</div>
<div class="col-6" style="padding-top:10px;">
<select id="clases" style="width:100%" id="clases" name="clases[]" class="js-example-basic-single" multiple="multiple" style="height: 30px">
<?php foreach ($filtroGrupo as $monitores) { ?>
<option value="<?php echo $monitores["SGRUPO"]; ?>"><?php echo $monitores["SGRUPO"]?></option>
<?php } ?>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-12 text-right">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
El problema es el siguiente, los selects
<select id="etapas" style="width:100%" id="etapas" name="etapas[]" class="js-example-basic-single" multiple="multiple" style="height: 30px">
<?php foreach ($filtroEtapas as $monitores) { ?>
<option value="<?php echo $monitores["ETCOD"]; ?>"><?php echo $monitores["ETCOD"]."-".$monitores["ETDESCE"]; ?></option>
<?php } ?>
</select>
Los cargo con una consulta que he realizado previamente, esto se cargan correctamente, a continuacion les implemento el plugin.
$("#alumnos").multipleSelect({
filter: true,
multiple: true
});
$('#alumnos').multipleSelect('checkAll');
Esto funciona sin problemas y no me da ningun tipo de error, ni de javascript,jquery o PHP.
Ahora bien, a la hora de pulsar el submit, dependiendo directamente del lugar del formulario donde se encuentra funciona o no.
Esto es porque no se definen los indices despues del primer select. Para comprobar esto lo he hecho de la siguiente manera.
if(isset($_POST['salida'])){
echo $_POST['salida'];
$alumnos = $_POST['alumnos'];
for($i==0;$i<count ($alumnos);$i++){
echo $alumnos[$i];
}
$etapas = $_POST['etapas'];
for($i==0;$i<count ($etapas);$i++){
echo $etapas[$i];
}
$cursos = $_POST['cursos'];
for($i==0;$i<count ($cursos);$i++){
echo $cursos[$i];
}
$clases = $_POST['clases'];
for($i==0;$i<count ($clases);$i++){
echo $clases[$i];
}
}
Esto me devuelve por pantalla lo siguiente
Buscar
"El codigo de los alumnos seleccionados"
Notice: Undefined index: etapas in /var/www/html/txartelak.php on line 262
Notice: Undefined index: cursos in /var/www/html/txartelak.php on line 266
Notice: Undefined index: clases in /var/www/html/txartelak.php on line 270
Si situó el input después del primer select, el formulario no se envía porque tampoco se define este indice.
El problema parece ser del plugin, pero ya lo he usado en otro formulario y no me ha dado ningun problema.
Por lo tanto veo dos posibles soluciones a las que espero que alguien pueda dar la respuesta.
Es un código largo y tedioso de entender por lo podría tener un fallo que no he visto.
La posibilidad de usar otro plugin que tenga la misma característica de seleccionar todos por medio de un checkbox, que no de problemas con PHP.
EDICION
He hecho unas pocas pruebas mas y me he dado cuenta que esto pasa cuando selecciono gran cantidad de opciones en el select. El fallo se donde esta, cual es y la razón me falta saber como solucionarlo.
EDICION 2
A partir de la primera edición, de saber que el error dependia directamente del numero de resultados, he probado cual es el total de selecciones que hay que hacer para que ocurra el error, este error salta exactamente cuando seleccionas 1000 checkbox.
A:
Respuesta larga:
Probé tu código en local y a mí me fallaba a partir de 2.500 elementos seleccionados. Eso me llevó a pensar que el problema podría ser más de configuración del navegador o del servidor (servidor web o PHP) que un problema con el código.
Entonces probé en local con Chrome, Firefox e Internet Explorer y me encontré con que todos ellos fallaban a partir del mismo número de elementos seleccionados (2500). Con eso descarté que fuera un error del navegador y me centré en la configuración del servidor.
Entonces abrí la configuración de PHP (en el fichero php.ini) y me encontré que está esta fila:
; How many GET/POST/COOKIE input variables may be accepted
max_input_vars = 2500
Es decir, el máximo número de variables que se le pueden pasar en GET, POST o con una cookie es 2500. ¡El número que me da dallo! Incrementé ese número a 250000 y ya me funciona.
Haciendo algo de investigación online, parece que el valor por defecto de esa variable en PHP <=5.3 es 1000 (que coincidiría con el valor que recibes) y en PHP >=5.4 es 2500 (que coincidiría con el valor que recibo).
Si sigues recibiendo errores, eso se podría deber a que estás alcanzando los límites en otros puntos. Hay otras variables que controlan el tamaño que se puede enviar en el POST (post_max_size), intenta incrementando su valor para ver si te funciona.
tl;dr;
Incrementa el número de variables que puedes pasar por GET/POST/COOKIE porque ese es seguramente el motivo. Lo puedes hacer en php.ini cambiando el valor de max_input_vars:
; How many GET/POST/COOKIE input variables may be accepted
max_input_vars = 250000
|
#include "jpeg.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <csetjmp> // for mozjpeg error handling
#include <iostream>
#include <mozjpeg/jpeglib.h>
const uint8_t Jpeg::header_magic[] = { 0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF };
bool Jpeg::keep_exif_ = false;
bool Jpeg::keep_icc_profile_ = false;
bool Jpeg::keep_all_metadata_ = false;
bool Jpeg::force_arithmetic_coding_ = false;
namespace {
jmp_buf setjmp_buffer;
void mozjpeg_error_handler(j_common_ptr cinfo) {
(*cinfo->err->output_message)(cinfo);
if (cinfo->client_data != nullptr)
jpeg_destroy(static_cast<j_common_ptr>(cinfo->client_data));
longjmp(setjmp_buffer, 1);
}
void CompressJpeg(const j_decompress_ptr srcinfo, jvirt_barray_ptr* coef_arrays, bool baseline, bool arithmetic,
bool keep_exif, uint8_t** outbuffer, unsigned long* outsize) {
jpeg_compress_struct dstinfo;
dstinfo.client_data = &dstinfo;
jpeg_error_mgr jdsterr;
dstinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jdsterr);
jdsterr.error_exit = mozjpeg_error_handler;
jpeg_create_compress(&dstinfo);
if (is_verbose) {
dstinfo.err->trace_level++;
}
if (baseline) {
jpeg_c_set_int_param(&dstinfo, JINT_COMPRESS_PROFILE, JCP_FASTEST);
}
/* Initialize destination compression parameters from source values */
jpeg_copy_critical_parameters(srcinfo, &dstinfo);
// use arithmetic coding if input file is arithmetic coded or if forced to
if (arithmetic) {
dstinfo.arith_code = true;
dstinfo.optimize_coding = false;
} else {
dstinfo.optimize_coding = true;
}
/* Specify data destination for compression */
jpeg_mem_dest(&dstinfo, outbuffer, outsize);
/* Start compressor (note no image data is actually written here) */
jpeg_write_coefficients(&dstinfo, coef_arrays);
for (auto marker = srcinfo->marker_list; marker; marker = marker->next) {
if (keep_exif || marker->marker != JPEG_APP0 + 1) {
jpeg_write_marker(&dstinfo, marker->marker, marker->data, marker->data_length);
}
}
/* Finish compression and release memory */
jpeg_finish_compress(&dstinfo);
jpeg_destroy_compress(&dstinfo);
}
} // namespace
size_t Jpeg::Leanify(size_t size_leanified /*= 0*/) {
jpeg_decompress_struct srcinfo;
srcinfo.client_data = nullptr;
jpeg_error_mgr jsrcerr;
srcinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jsrcerr);
jsrcerr.error_exit = mozjpeg_error_handler;
if (setjmp(setjmp_buffer)) {
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&srcinfo);
return Format::Leanify(size_leanified);
}
jpeg_create_decompress(&srcinfo);
/* Specify data source for decompression */
jpeg_mem_src(&srcinfo, fp_, size_);
// Always save exif to show warning if orientation might change.
jpeg_save_markers(&srcinfo, JPEG_APP0 + 1, 0xFFFF);
if (keep_icc_profile_ || keep_all_metadata_) {
jpeg_save_markers(&srcinfo, JPEG_APP0 + 2, 0xFFFF);
}
if (keep_all_metadata_) {
// Save the rest APPn markers.
for (int i = 3; i < 16; i++)
jpeg_save_markers(&srcinfo, JPEG_APP0 + i, 0xFFFF);
// Save comments.
jpeg_save_markers(&srcinfo, JPEG_COM, 0xFFFF);
}
jpeg_read_header(&srcinfo, true);
if (!keep_exif_ && !keep_all_metadata_) {
for (auto marker = srcinfo.marker_list; marker; marker = marker->next) {
if (marker->marker == JPEG_APP0 + 1) {
// Tag number: 0x0112, data format: unsigned short(3), number of components: 1
const uint8_t kExifOrientation[] = { 0x12, 0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
const uint8_t kExifOrientationMotorola[] = { 0x01, 0x12, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01 };
uint8_t* start = marker->data;
uint8_t* end = start + marker->data_length;
uint8_t* orientation_tag = std::search(start, end, kExifOrientation, std::end(kExifOrientation));
bool big_endian = false;
if (orientation_tag == end) {
orientation_tag = std::search(start, end, kExifOrientationMotorola, std::end(kExifOrientationMotorola));
big_endian = orientation_tag != end;
}
if (orientation_tag != end) {
uint16_t orientation = *reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(orientation_tag + sizeof(kExifOrientation));
if (big_endian)
orientation = ((orientation >> 8) | (orientation << 8)) & 0xFFFF;
// Only show warning if it's not the default upper left.
if (orientation != 1) {
std::cout << "Warning: The Exif being removed contains orientation data, result image might have wrong "
"orientation, use --keep-exif to keep Exif."
<< std::endl;
}
}
break;
}
}
}
/* Read source file as DCT coefficients */
auto coef_arrays = jpeg_read_coefficients(&srcinfo);
uint8_t* outbuffer = nullptr;
unsigned long outsize = 0;
// Try progressive unless fast mode.
if (!is_fast) {
CompressJpeg(&srcinfo, coef_arrays, false, srcinfo.arith_code || force_arithmetic_coding_,
keep_all_metadata_ || keep_exif_, &outbuffer, &outsize);
}
// Try baseline if fast mode or small file.
if (is_fast || size_ < 32768) {
uint8_t* baseline_buffer = nullptr;
unsigned long baseline_size = 0;
CompressJpeg(&srcinfo, coef_arrays, true, srcinfo.arith_code || force_arithmetic_coding_,
keep_all_metadata_ || keep_exif_, &baseline_buffer, &baseline_size);
if (baseline_size < outsize) {
free(outbuffer);
outbuffer = baseline_buffer;
outsize = baseline_size;
} else {
free(baseline_buffer);
}
}
(void)jpeg_finish_decompress(&srcinfo);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&srcinfo);
fp_ -= size_leanified;
// use mozjpeg result if it's smaller than original
if (outsize < size_) {
memcpy(fp_, outbuffer, outsize);
size_ = outsize;
} else {
memmove(fp_, fp_ + size_leanified, size_);
}
free(outbuffer);
return size_;
}
|
Related literature {#sec1}
==================
For related literature, see: Bao *et al.* (2005[@bb1]); Bao, Lü *et al.* (2006[@bb2]); Bao, Ma *et al.* (2006[@bb3]); Zou *et al.* (2005[@bb8]).
Experimental {#sec2}
============
{#sec2.1}
### Crystal data {#sec2.1.1}
C~28~H~24~N~2~*M* *~r~* = 388.49Monoclinic,*a* = 9.603 (3) Å*b* = 8.017 (3) Å*c* = 14.332 (5) Åβ = 94.740 (6)°*V* = 1099.7 (7) Å^3^*Z* = 2Mo *K*α radiationμ = 0.07 mm^−1^*T* = 273 (2) K0.50 × 0.50 × 0.45 mm
### Data collection {#sec2.1.2}
Bruker SMART 1K CCD diffractometerAbsorption correction: multi-scan (*SADABS*; Sheldrick, 2002[@bb6]) *T* ~min~ = 0.973, *T* ~max~ = 0.9766608 measured reflections2373 independent reflections1776 reflections with *I* \> 2σ(*I*)*R* ~int~ = 0.029
### Refinement {#sec2.1.3}
*R*\[*F* ^2^ \> 2σ(*F* ^2^)\] = 0.049*wR*(*F* ^2^) = 0.178*S* = 1.032373 reflections137 parametersH-atom parameters constrainedΔρ~max~ = 0.27 e Å^−3^Δρ~min~ = −0.19 e Å^−3^
{#d5e354}
Data collection: *SMART* (Bruker, 1998[@bb5]); cell refinement: *SAINT* (Bruker, 1998[@bb5]); data reduction: *SAINT* ; program(s) used to solve structure: *SHELXS97* (Sheldrick, 2008[@bb7]); program(s) used to refine structure: *SHELXL97* (Sheldrick, 2008[@bb7]); molecular graphics: *DIAMOND* (Bergerhoff, 1996[@bb4]); software used to prepare material for publication: *SHELXTL* (Sheldrick, 2008[@bb7]).
Supplementary Material
======================
Crystal structure: contains datablocks I, global. DOI: [10.1107/S1600536808003632/er2044sup1.cif](http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600536808003632/er2044sup1.cif)
Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI: [10.1107/S1600536808003632/er2044Isup2.hkl](http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600536808003632/er2044Isup2.hkl)
Additional supplementary materials: [crystallographic information](http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/sendsupfiles?er2044&file=er2044sup0.html&mime=text/html); [3D view](http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/sendcif?er2044sup1&Qmime=cif); [checkCIF report](http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?er2044&checkcif=yes)
Supplementary data and figures for this paper are available from the IUCr electronic archives (Reference: [ER2044](http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/sendsup?er2044)).
The authors thank the Central China Normal University and the China University of Geosciences for supporting this work. The support of the Education Bureau of Hubei Province (project D2006--28004) and the Technologies R&D Programme of Hubei Province (2005 A A401D57, 2006 A A101C39) is gratefully acknowledged.
Comment
=======
As the late metal complexes are effective catalysts in the polymerization of ethylene and other olefins (Bao *et al.*, 2005), a number of studies have been directed towards the development of the late transition metal complexes (Bao, Ma *et al.*, 2006). The studies have been complemented by a report that the α--diimine ligand unit of the Ni complex is responsible for catalytic activity in the homopolymerization of ethylene (Zou *et al.*, 2005). The crystal structure of this α-diimine ligand has been obtained by our group. It was characterized by X-ray diffraction.
Experimental {#experimental}
============
α-Diimine ligands was prepared according to modified literature procedures (Bao *et al.*, 2005; Bao, Lü *et al.*, 2006; Bao, Ma *et al.*, 2006). 3-Butanedione 1.3 ml (1.27 g, 14.8 mmol) and 2-aminobiphenyl 5.00 g (29.5 mmol) were stirred for 5 h at 55°C in 25 ml of ethanol containing 1 ml formic acid. The precipitated orange solid was collected by filtration and dried. The crude product was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of petroleum aether/ethyl acetate 1:1 to give the pure ligand, yield 3.20 g, 51.04%. Anal. Calcd. for C~28~H~24~N~2~: C, 86.56; H, 6.23; N, 7.21. Found: C, 86.48; H, 6.25; N, 7.02. Crystals suitable for X-ray structure determination were grown from a solution of the title compound in a (1:1) mixture of dichloromethane-ethanol.
Refinement {#refinement}
==========
H atoms were placed in calculated positions \[C---H=0.93 Å and U(H) = 1.2*U*~eq~(C)\] and were included in the refinement in the riding model approximation.
Figures
=======
{#Fap1}
Crystal data {#tablewrapcrystaldatalong}
============
------------------------- --------------------------------------
C~28~H~24~N~2~ *F*~000~ = 412
*M~r~* = 388.49 *D*~x~ = 1.173 Mg m^−3^
Monoclinic, *P*2~1~/*n* Mo *K*α radiation λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2yn Cell parameters from 775 reflections
*a* = 9.603 (3) Å θ = 2.7--26.1º
*b* = 8.017 (3) Å µ = 0.07 mm^−1^
*c* = 14.332 (5) Å *T* = 273 (2) K
β = 94.740 (6)º Block, yellow
*V* = 1099.7 (7) Å^3^ 0.50 × 0.50 × 0.45 mm
*Z* = 2
------------------------- --------------------------------------
Data collection {#tablewrapdatacollectionlong}
===============
------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------
Bruker SMART 1K CCD diffractometer 2373 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube 1776 reflections with *I* \> 2σ(*I*)
Monochromator: graphite *R*~int~ = 0.029
Detector resolution: 10 pixels mm^-1^ θ~max~ = 27.0º
*T* = 273(2) K θ~min~ = 2.5º
ω scans *h* = −12→12
Absorption correction: multi-scan(SADABS; Sheldrick, 2002) *k* = −10→8
*T*~min~ = 0.973, *T*~max~ = 0.976 *l* = −15→18
6608 measured reflections
------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------
Refinement {#tablewraprefinementdatalong}
==========
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Refinement on *F*^2^ Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
Least-squares matrix: full H-atom parameters constrained
*R*\[*F*^2^ \> 2σ(*F*^2^)\] = 0.049 *w* = 1/\[σ^2^(*F*~o~^2^) + (0.1119*P*)^2^ + 0.1177*P*\] where *P* = (*F*~o~^2^ + 2*F*~c~^2^)/3
*wR*(*F*^2^) = 0.178 (Δ/σ)~max~ \< 0.001
*S* = 1.03 Δρ~max~ = 0.27 e Å^−3^
2373 reflections Δρ~min~ = −0.19 e Å^−3^
137 parameters Extinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), Fc^\*^=kFc\[1+0.001xFc^2^λ^3^/sin(2θ)\]^-1/4^
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods Extinction coefficient: 0.126 (15)
Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Special details {#specialdetails}
===============
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geometry. All e.s.d.\'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.\'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.\'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.\'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.\'s is used for estimating e.s.d.\'s involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Refinement of *F*^2^ against ALL reflections. The weighted *R*-factor *wR* and goodness of fit *S* are based on *F*^2^, conventional *R*-factors *R* are based on *F*, with *F* set to zero for negative *F*^2^. The threshold expression of *F*^2^ \> σ(*F*^2^) is used only for calculating *R*-factors(gt) *etc*. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. *R*-factors based on *F*^2^ are statistically about twice as large as those based on *F*, and *R*- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å^2^) {#tablewrapcoords}
==================================================================================================
------ -------------- -------------- --------------- -------------------- --
*x* *y* *z* *U*~iso~\*/*U*~eq~
N1 0.41183 (12) 0.12272 (16) 0.07641 (9) 0.0549 (4)
C1 0.28095 (15) 0.14069 (18) 0.11538 (11) 0.0522 (4)
C2 0.26218 (19) 0.0733 (2) 0.20274 (12) 0.0678 (5)
H2A 0.3336 0.0117 0.2340 0.081\*
C3 0.1387 (2) 0.0970 (2) 0.24353 (14) 0.0766 (6)
H3A 0.1269 0.0505 0.3018 0.092\*
C4 0.03264 (19) 0.1895 (2) 0.19818 (14) 0.0728 (5)
H4A −0.0501 0.2073 0.2261 0.087\*
C5 0.05000 (16) 0.2551 (2) 0.11148 (13) 0.0626 (5)
H5A −0.0224 0.3163 0.0810 0.075\*
C6 0.17315 (14) 0.23261 (18) 0.06781 (10) 0.0513 (4)
C7 0.18618 (15) 0.30173 (19) −0.02718 (10) 0.0540 (4)
C8 0.29127 (18) 0.4124 (2) −0.04477 (12) 0.0638 (5)
H8A 0.3572 0.4420 0.0036 0.077\*
C9 0.3002 (2) 0.4798 (3) −0.13270 (13) 0.0799 (6)
H9A 0.3708 0.5554 −0.1429 0.096\*
C10 0.2048 (3) 0.4352 (3) −0.20518 (14) 0.0936 (8)
H10A 0.2104 0.4808 −0.2644 0.112\*
C11 0.1018 (3) 0.3236 (3) −0.18970 (15) 0.0941 (8)
H11A 0.0383 0.2920 −0.2391 0.113\*
C12 0.09052 (19) 0.2568 (3) −0.10133 (13) 0.0731 (5)
H12A 0.0191 0.1820 −0.0916 0.088\*
C13 0.43020 (13) 0.00418 (18) 0.02004 (10) 0.0503 (4)
C14 0.32384 (18) −0.1253 (3) −0.00980 (15) 0.0783 (6)
H14C 0.3624 −0.2013 −0.0526 0.117\*
H14B 0.2426 −0.0724 −0.0401 0.117\*
H14A 0.2982 −0.1855 0.0441 0.117\*
------ -------------- -------------- --------------- -------------------- --
Atomic displacement parameters (Å^2^) {#tablewrapadps}
=====================================
----- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
*U*^11^ *U*^22^ *U*^33^ *U*^12^ *U*^13^ *U*^23^
N1 0.0449 (7) 0.0577 (7) 0.0620 (8) 0.0032 (5) 0.0036 (5) −0.0031 (6)
C1 0.0450 (7) 0.0529 (8) 0.0590 (8) −0.0012 (6) 0.0060 (6) −0.0063 (6)
C2 0.0647 (10) 0.0702 (10) 0.0682 (10) 0.0027 (8) 0.0049 (8) 0.0078 (8)
C3 0.0831 (13) 0.0817 (12) 0.0680 (11) −0.0117 (10) 0.0237 (9) 0.0057 (9)
C4 0.0608 (10) 0.0759 (11) 0.0854 (12) −0.0047 (9) 0.0285 (9) −0.0047 (9)
C5 0.0489 (9) 0.0618 (9) 0.0783 (11) 0.0025 (7) 0.0126 (7) −0.0076 (7)
C6 0.0464 (8) 0.0481 (8) 0.0594 (8) −0.0015 (6) 0.0056 (6) −0.0090 (6)
C7 0.0503 (8) 0.0545 (8) 0.0570 (8) 0.0132 (6) 0.0045 (6) −0.0080 (6)
C8 0.0706 (10) 0.0619 (10) 0.0605 (10) 0.0030 (8) 0.0155 (7) −0.0056 (7)
C9 0.1029 (15) 0.0716 (11) 0.0695 (11) 0.0155 (10) 0.0331 (10) 0.0031 (9)
C10 0.128 (2) 0.0970 (16) 0.0586 (11) 0.0514 (15) 0.0237 (12) 0.0052 (10)
C11 0.1005 (16) 0.1150 (18) 0.0631 (12) 0.0464 (15) −0.0156 (11) −0.0194 (12)
C12 0.0634 (10) 0.0816 (12) 0.0721 (11) 0.0155 (9) −0.0080 (8) −0.0144 (9)
C13 0.0435 (8) 0.0497 (8) 0.0573 (8) 0.0037 (6) 0.0018 (6) 0.0011 (6)
C14 0.0592 (10) 0.0759 (12) 0.1026 (14) −0.0153 (9) 0.0236 (9) −0.0272 (10)
----- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Geometric parameters (Å, °) {#tablewrapgeomlong}
===========================
--------------- ------------- -------------------- -------------
N1---C13 1.2691 (19) C8---C9 1.380 (3)
N1---C1 1.424 (2) C8---H8A 0.9300
C1---C2 1.389 (2) C9---C10 1.374 (3)
C1---C6 1.401 (2) C9---H9A 0.9300
C2---C3 1.378 (3) C10---C11 1.365 (3)
C2---H2A 0.9300 C10---H10A 0.9300
C3---C4 1.378 (3) C11---C12 1.388 (3)
C3---H3A 0.9300 C11---H11A 0.9300
C4---C5 1.372 (3) C12---H12A 0.9300
C4---H4A 0.9300 C13---C14 1.494 (2)
C5---C6 1.395 (2) C13---C13^i^ 1.503 (3)
C5---H5A 0.9300 C14---H14C 0.9600
C6---C7 1.485 (2) C14---H14B 0.9600
C7---C8 1.383 (2) C14---H14A 0.9600
C7---C12 1.393 (2)
C13---N1---C1 119.94 (12) C9---C8---H8A 119.4
C2---C1---C6 119.83 (14) C7---C8---H8A 119.4
C2---C1---N1 119.91 (14) C10---C9---C8 120.0 (2)
C6---C1---N1 120.19 (14) C10---C9---H9A 120.0
C3---C2---C1 120.61 (16) C8---C9---H9A 120.0
C3---C2---H2A 119.7 C11---C10---C9 119.61 (19)
C1---C2---H2A 119.7 C11---C10---H10A 120.2
C2---C3---C4 120.15 (17) C9---C10---H10A 120.2
C2---C3---H3A 119.9 C10---C11---C12 120.9 (2)
C4---C3---H3A 119.9 C10---C11---H11A 119.5
C5---C4---C3 119.54 (16) C12---C11---H11A 119.5
C5---C4---H4A 120.2 C11---C12---C7 120.0 (2)
C3---C4---H4A 120.2 C11---C12---H12A 120.0
C4---C5---C6 121.86 (16) C7---C12---H12A 120.0
C4---C5---H5A 119.1 N1---C13---C14 125.10 (14)
C6---C5---H5A 119.1 N1---C13---C13^i^ 116.87 (15)
C5---C6---C1 118.00 (15) C14---C13---C13^i^ 118.03 (16)
C5---C6---C7 120.13 (14) C13---C14---H14C 109.5
C1---C6---C7 121.85 (13) C13---C14---H14B 109.5
C8---C7---C12 118.16 (16) H14C---C14---H14B 109.5
C8---C7---C6 121.66 (14) C13---C14---H14A 109.5
C12---C7---C6 120.18 (16) H14C---C14---H14A 109.5
C9---C8---C7 121.27 (18) H14B---C14---H14A 109.5
--------------- ------------- -------------------- -------------
Symmetry codes: (i) −*x*+1, −*y*, −*z*.
|
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a common cause of death among people with epilepsy (PWE),^[@R1]^ claiming 1% of patients\' lives per decade,^[@R2]^ and is the second leading neurologic cause of lost potential life-years.^[@R3]^ When witnessed outside the hospital or recorded on video EEG, most SUDEPs follow ≥1 generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) with death during the postictal state; however, some SUDEPs occur without a preceding electrographic or clinical seizure.^[@R4],[@R5]^ Individual risk varies substantially and is highest in those with treatment-resistant epilepsy who have recent and frequent GTCS, especially during sleep.^[@R6]^ Other risk factors include lack of observation or monitoring in sleep and nonadherence to antiseizure medication (ASM).^[@R7]^ However, SUDEP can occur in patients with recent onset of epilepsy, well-controlled epilepsy, or benign epilepsies.^[@R8]^ Parallel cause of death in patients with provoked seizures (e.g., febrile seizures) is not diagnosed as epilepsy; thus, deaths are not SUDEP by definition.^[@R9],[@R10]^
Knowledge about the epidemiology, risk factors, mechanisms, and prevention of SUDEP comes from population-based studies, medical examiner office case-control series, and clinical case-control series focused on specific subgroups (e.g., ASM trials, epilepsy surgery, vagus nerve stimulator \[VNS\], or responsive brain stimulation), epilepsy monitoring unit studies of seizures and postictal states, and animal models.^[@R11][@R12][@R14]^ These studies have greatly advanced our understanding about SUDEP, yet detailed clinical and pathologic studies remain limited to small samples, often derived from single subgroups (e.g., epilepsy surgery, children, pregnancy, epilepsy monitoring unit) or geographic regions.^[@R4],[@R13],[@R15][@R16][@R20]^ Larger series often focused on selected features (e.g., nocturnal, witnessed, prone position) or had limited access to detailed clinical data (e.g., medical examiner or VNS series).^[@R21][@R22][@R26]^
The North American SUDEP Registry (NASR) is a repository of medical records, comprehensive interviews with family members, and biospecimens (e.g., DNA, brain tissue) to aid investigations of SUDEP pathophysiology. Here, we report the comprehensive study of clinical characteristics and postmortem findings in a large consecutive series of SUDEPs.
Methods {#s1}
=======
Participants {#s1-1}
------------
Since October 2011, NASR has enrolled decedents with epilepsy, living controls with epilepsy, living first-degree relatives of presumed SUDEP cases, and control decedents with or without epilepsy. We reviewed all enrolled cases through June 2018. Family members of the decedents were referred to NASR from physicians, medical examiners or coroners, or advocacy groups (e.g., NIH Center for SUDEP Research, Epilepsy Foundation/SUDEP Institute, Dravet Syndrome Foundation, Dup15q Alliance, Danny Did Foundation) or were self-referred via an online search, recorded at the time of enrollment. If a first-degree relative indicated interest in NASR participation, saliva was collected; if the family member also had epilepsy, medical records were collected, and the case was enrolled as a living control and/or prospective brain donor, according to the individual\'s wishes.
Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents {#s1-2}
----------------------------------------------------------------
All next of kin (NOK) provided written informed consent, and this study was approved by the New York University Langone Medical Center Institutional Review Board.
Data collection {#s1-3}
---------------
A research assistant conducted a structured telephone interview that included social/familial history, medication history and adherence, seizure history and semiology, and circumstances of death (data available from Dryad, [doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gn74mt3](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gn74mt3)). For 2 cases for whom a language barrier limited verbal interview, NOK completed a questionnaire with assistance from the decedent\'s physician. Medical records included reports and original data for brain MRIs, EEGs or video EEGs, and ECGs. Seizure types, epilepsy etiology, MRI findings, and EEG results were abstracted with the use of the NIH Common Data Elements for epilepsy.^[@R27]^ A NASR neurologist or cardiologist adjudicated seizure types, epilepsy syndrome, and diagnostic test findings (EEG/video EEG, MRI, ECG) to confirm diagnosis.
To assess intellectual disability when formal testing was unavailable, we assumed normal intellectual function (IQ \> 70) if the individual was not diagnosed with intellectual disability and either ≥12 years of education or full-time employment. Otherwise, intellectual status was considered unknown.
Sleep deprivation during the 24 hours before death was determined through NOK interview or death investigator records, including the decedent self-reporting being exhausted/very tired before terminal sleep, decedent went to sleep late or woke up early, or circadian rhythm disrupted from recent travel (e.g., 1 such case was noted "texting until 12:10 [am]{.smallcaps} and woke up early for work"). Many cases lacked information on sleep status.
SUDEP adjudication {#s1-4}
------------------
We adjudicated cases using standard SUDEP criteria^[@R1]^ to determine whether the death was SUDEP: a sudden, unexpected, witnessed or unwitnessed, nontraumatic, and nondrowning death, occurring in benign circumstances in a PWE, with or without evidence for a seizure, excluding documented status epilepticus (seizure duration \>30 minutes or seizures without recovery in between). Definite SUDEP met all criteria with complete postmortem examination that did not reveal an alternative cause of death. Definite plus SUDEP met the definite criteria with a health condition or autopsy/toxicologic finding that could have contributed to death. Probable SUDEP met the criteria for definite SUDEP without postmortem examination. Possible SUDEP had a competing cause of death. Two epileptologists (O.D. and D.F.) with SUDEP expertise independently reviewed all records to confirm epilepsy diagnosis and to determine SUDEP classification. In cases with disagreement, a third epileptologist with SUDEP expertise (E.D.) reviewed the case and achieved consensus. Non-SUDEP, near SUDEP, and possible SUDEP deaths were excluded from this analysis.
Statistical analysis {#s1-5}
--------------------
We report mean ± SD or median and interquartile range (IQR) for continuous data. Statistics were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics, version 23 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). We assessed differences between SUDEP incidence by days of the week, months, or seasons using a χ^2^ goodness-of-fit test.
Data availability {#s1-6}
-----------------
Deidentified data will be available on request to any qualified researcher.
Results {#s2}
=======
NASR enrolled 331 epilepsy decedents, with 264 definite/plus/probable SUDEPs: definite (n = 135), definite plus (n = 25), probable (n = 77), possible (n = 16), or near (n = 11) cases. We enrolled 56 PWE who died of non-SUDEP causes, and 11 cases had insufficient information to categorize. Here, we report 237 cases of definite (57%), definite plus (11%), and probable SUDEPs (32%). Interviews were conducted in 163 of 237 (69%) cases. In the remainder, history was obtained exclusively from medical records and medical examiner reports.
One additional case was excluded because the individual had no lifetime history of seizures, but the death scene was typical of SUDEP (found in morning dead after period of sleep deprivation, "tangled in comforter on the floor" with arms close to chest with hand in fisted position). Neuropathology revealed focal cortical dysplasia.
Demographics {#s2-1}
------------
The median age of the 237 cases of SUDEP was 26 years (range 1--70 years) ([figure 1A](#F1){ref-type="fig"}), and 38% (n = 89) were female. The average age for definite SUDEP cases was 25 years (SD 13 years); for definite SUDEP plus, 40 years (SD 14 years); and for probable SUDEP, 24 years (SD 15 years). Ethnicities (reported by NOK interview or listed in medical records) were as follows: white 79% (n = 188), black 9% (n = 22), and Hispanic 11% (n = 25). Other ethnicities (1%) included South Asian or East Asian American and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. Among 173 adults (age \>16 years), education history was available in 140 cases: 26% (37 of 140) had a bachelor\'s degree or higher; 62% (87 of 140) had some college education; and 88% (123 of 140) had a high school diploma, general equivalency diploma, or greater.
{#F1}
Contact was initiated to NASR by the decedent\'s NOK through medical examiners (31%, n = 49), patient/family support group (18%, n = 29), the decedent\'s physician (21%, n = 33), or web search (17%, n = 26). The rest found NASR through other families or physicians (7%, n = 11) or other sources (n = 9), and contact was unspecified in 80 cases. Only 16% (n = 39) of NOK had heard about SUDEP before their relatives\' death.
Circumstances of death {#s2-2}
----------------------
Death was witnessed in 7% (16 of 237) of SUDEPs, with a seizure observed immediately preceding death in 10 of 16 (63%) witnessed cases. Of the 6 witnessed cases without terminal seizure, 4 had difficulty breathing immediately before death, and 1 was in a typical postictal state. Thirteen (81%) cases received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) either by a CPR-trained bystander or directly by EMS personnel. Of 16 witnessed SUDEPs, 7 were presumed asleep and 9 were awake (e.g., exiting the shower, speaking with friends in their room, or sitting on the porch drinking beer).
Many unwitnessed SUDEPs were administered CPR on discovery. Although time between terminal seizure or death and EMS response cannot be determined, it appears that most cases of unwitnessed SUDEP were administered CPR after the decedent had already been discovered dead ([table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}).
######
Circumstances of death (n = 237)
Only 37% (66 of 180) had reportedly taken their last prescribed ASM dose before death, and 23 cases were not prescribed ASMs.
Of the 157 decedents with narratives surrounding the circumstances of death, 15% (24 of 157) were reported to be sleep deprived at the time of death. The 80 cases (36%) without interviews lacked information to determine sleep status before death.
A full autopsy was performed in 65% (155) of cases ([table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). Of these 155 cases with autopsy, 142 (92%) listed a seizure-related cause or contributing cause of death. The other 13 were attributed to cardiac (9), respiratory (3), or hepatic (1) causes; 6 of these cases were classified as definite plus SUDEP. Brain tissue (whole brain, portions, or slides) was donated for 120 decedents; DNA samples were donated for 144 decedents. Medical examiner death scene investigation reports and autopsy/toxicology reports were obtained for 155 cases ([table 2](#T2){ref-type="table"}). Full neuropathology examinations were performed by NASR for 28 decedents; 25 (89%) demonstrated epilepsy-related changes, most commonly gliosis (43%), focal dysgenesis of the dentate gyrus (29%), and focal cortical dysplasias type I/IIA (21%/18%). In 136 cases, the median brain weight was 1,424 g (IQR 1,269--1,542 g). The mean weights of SUDEP brains for both adult women \>16 years of age (1,324 g \[SD 139 g\]) and adult men \>16 years of age (1,543 g \[SD 201 g\]) in our cohort were slightly higher than reported in aggregated autopsy reports of normal brain weights for women (1,287 g) and men (1,418 g).^[@R28]^ Lung pathology revealed pulmonary edema in 40% (57 of 142) and pulmonary congestion in 55% (78 of 142); congestion and edema concurred in 30% (42) of cases. Genetic analysis of NASR biospecimens for relevant neurologic, cardiac, and respiratory findings is currently being conducted.
######
Major autopsy findings (n = 237)
Seizure history {#s2-3}
---------------
Among SUDEPs, the median epilepsy duration was 13 years (available for 198 of 237, IQR 5--23 years). The median age at onset was 10 years (198 of 237, IQR 3--17 years). For the 143 cases with sufficient data to make electroclinical diagnoses, 40% (57) had generalized epilepsy, 60% (86) had focal epilepsy, and 10% (15) had both generalized and focal epilepsies. The remaining 40% (94 of 237) were unclassified due to lack of data, ambiguity, or discordant data ([table 3](#T3){ref-type="table"}).
######
Seizure histories in cases of SUDEP with sufficient information to adjudicate (143 of 237)
The interval between last seizure and SUDEP is plotted in [figure 1B](#F1){ref-type="fig"}. Seven cases had no known lifetime GTCS (5 had focal unaware seizures and 2 had focal seizures with preserved awareness). Estimated lifetime number of GTCS is summarized in [figure 1C](#F1){ref-type="fig"}. Of the 28 cases whose family members reported \>500 lifetime GTCS, 4 had Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 7 had Dup15q chromosomal abnormality, 6 had Dravet syndrome, and 1 had both Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dup15q.
Data on seizure frequency before death were obtained from interviews and medical records and represent best estimates for many patients. In the month before death, 54% had no GTCS. During the 3 months before death in the 153 patients with data available, 42% had no GTCS and 14% had 1 GTCS. In 182 cases with sufficient data in the year before death, 15% were seizure-free.
Among the 27 patients who were seizure-free during the year before death, 7 had idiopathic generalized epilepsy (4 with GTCS), 9 had focal epilepsy (5 with GTCS), and 11 had unknown epilepsy classification. The average age at death for cases seizure-free in the year before death was 29 years, and 63% were male, similar to the overall cohort. Among these 27 cases, 82% were taking ASMs, and 8% had undergone epilepsy surgery or VNS implantation.
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) with comorbid epilepsy were diagnosed in 6 of 166 (4%) SUDEPs; 4 were male. For the 6 cases of PNES, the median age at epilepsy diagnosis for the group was 4.5 years (IQR 0.9--10.25 years), and the median age at PNES diagnosis for the group was 25 years (n = 6). The median age at death for the PNES group was 22 years (IQR 12.75--30.5 years), lower than for the SUDEP cases without PNES: median age at epilepsy diagnosis was 10 years (IQR 3.0--17.0 years) and at death was 26 years (IQR 18.0--47.0 years).
Epilepsy treatment history {#s2-4}
--------------------------
Among the 203 cases with sufficient data, 89% (n = 180) were prescribed ASMs, and 23 (11%) were never prescribed an ASM. During interviews, NOK recalled ASM adherence status in 170 cases, even when specific ASMs could not be named; of these, 66% (113) were adherent and 34% were nonadherent (frequently forgot ASMs, took subtherapeutic doses to reduce side effects, or intentionally skipped or stopped ASM). Medication adherence was unknown in 44 cases.
Data on specific ASMs at the time of death were available in 180 of 237 cases, compiled from postmortem testing, medical records, and recall during the interview. The most frequent ASMs were levetiracetam (39%, n = 71), lamotrigine (26%, n = 47), valproate (15%, n = 27), topiramate (13%, n = 24), and oxcarbazepine (12%, n = 22). For these 180 cases, 56 were taking 1 ASM, 62 were taking 2 ASMs, and 62 were taking ≥3 ASM (2 cases were taking 6 concurrent ASMs). Of the 140 cases with toxicology reports, no antiepileptic drugs were detected in 40 (29%), including patients who were nonadherent (34) and those who were never prescribed antiepileptic drugs (6).
Of 57 patients who were nonadherent with ASMs, information about psychiatric history was obtained in 47: 70% had no psychiatric conditions listed and 30% had anxiety disorder (n = 8), bipolar disorder (n = 2) schizophrenia (n = 2), adjustment disorder (n = 1), or extreme anger (n = 1). Of these nonadherent cases, 26 were active alcohol users, and 19 were currently using recreational drugs. The mean age at death for these cases was 28 years, similar to the group as a whole.
Epilepsy surgery was performed on 18% (42 of 237) of cases, including temporal lobectomies (n = 19), extratemporal lobe resections (n = 3), corpus callosotomy (n = 6), and lesionectomy (n = 8) (arteriovenous malformation \[n = 2\], tumor \[n = 2\], ganglioma \[n = 1\], or subdural and epidural hematoma \[n = 1\], and 1 foreign body excision). Neurostimulating devices were implanted in 32 of 237 (14%): 31 had a VNS, and 1 had a deep brain stimulator.
Dietary therapy for epilepsy was attempted by 25 of 237 (11%): ketogenic diet (n = 20), modified Atkins diet (n = 4), low glycemic diet (n = 2), or other seizure diets (n = 3), with some attempting \>1 therapeutic diet in their lifetime.
Medical and psychiatric comorbid conditions are summarized in [figure 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}.
{#F2}
Epilepsy syndromes and etiologies {#s2-5}
---------------------------------
Epilepsy syndromes included Dravet syndrome in 5% (n = 13), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in 4% (n = 9), Dup15q chromosomal abnormality in 4% (n = 9), febrile seizure plus syndrome in 3% (n = 7), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in 3% (n = 5), and benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes in 1% (n = 3).^[@R8]^ The causes of epilepsy for SUDEP cases were often unknown. Among 150 cases with sufficient data to classify etiology, 43% (64) had epilepsy of unknown cause. The rest included genetic/presumed genetic or epileptic encephalopathies (n = 33), traumatic brain injury (n = 11), malformations of cortical development (n = 7), or a viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection (n = 4).
MRI, EEG, ECG findings are listed in [table 4](#T4){ref-type="table"}.
######
EEG, MRI, and ECG findings
### Other common risk factors {#s2-5-1}
Around the time of death, 15 had alcohol use disorder; of these, 4 were drinking alcohol the night they died, with 3 of 4 binge drinking that night. In most cases, data were not available on alcohol consumption on the day before death. Toxicology reports from 140 decedents found alcohol in 6%, although this may be an overestimate due to postmortem decomposition artifact and may be an underestimate of the role of alcohol withdrawal, which may be associated with nondetectable ethanol levels.
History of recreational drug use was assessed in 196 cases: 12% used illegal drugs near the time of death, and 7% used them previously. These drugs included marijuana (n = 33), amphetamines (n = 4), cocaine (n = 2), and heroin (n = 2). No lifetime use of illicit drugs was reported in 81%. Among medical examiner--referred cases (n = 49), 20% had used illegal drugs and 12% used illicit drugs at the time of death. Toxicology reports in 140 cases found illegal drugs (10%), including marijuana (n = 9), amphetamines (n = 4), and opiates (n = 1).
One hundred seventy-six cases shared the bed while sleeping, most frequently with spouses or parents. Among the 118 cases with data, 86% (n = 102) had an estimated IQ \>70, while 14% (n = 16) had an IQ \<70.
There was no relationship between SUDEP and day of the week (χ^2^ = 2.013, *p* \< 0.05) (n = 230), month of year (χ^2^ = 2.82, *p* \< 0.05) (n = 230), or season (χ^2^ = 0.5165, *p* \< 0.05) (n = 230).
Discussion {#s3}
==========
We report 237 cases of definite and probable SUDEP, the largest series with extensive ascertainment and adjudication of medical records, death scene investigations, and autopsy reports to confirm epilepsy diagnosis and to accurately identify seizure types and epilepsy syndromes; EEG, MRI, and ECG findings; and SUDEP classification. Our data expand what is currently considered the typical case or spectrum of SUDEP. Although SUDEP is most common in the intractable epilepsies, our findings establish that SUDEP affects the full spectrum of epilepsies, from benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes to epileptic encephalopathies and failed resective surgeries. The distribution of generalized and focal epilepsy paralleled their frequency in the general epilepsy population: 40% had generalized seizures, 60% had focal seizures, and 10% had both.^[@R29],[@R30]^ Finally, lack of ASMs was common: 11% were not prescribed ASMs, with only 37% of those prescribed ASMs reported to have taken their last dose before death. This suggests that a single missed dose of ASM may, in some patients and circumstances, increase SUDEP risk.
Because SUDEP can occur in patients with epilepsy who are seizure-free, have never had tonic-clonic seizure, or were diagnosed with a benign epilepsy syndrome, clinicians should discuss SUDEP with all PWE for 2 reasons. First, some reassurance can be given to relieve anxiety for those at low risk (e.g., focal aware or absence seizures only). Second and most important, patients and families must understand the critical---and potentially lifesaving---importance of seizure control. Many SUDEPs could likely be prevented by ASM adherence and lifestyle factors (sleep hygiene, limited/no alcohol), and many lives are likely saved by patients and families pursuing aggressive seizure management and possibly by monitoring to detect seizures and provide prompt first aid.
Our series paralleled prior studies, with the peak age distribution in young adults, frequent occurrence in apparent sleep (70%), death in the prone position (69%), low rate of witnessed death (7%), and evidence of a preceding seizure in most cases (74%).^[@R21],[@R31]^ However, 27% of our sample was \<16 years of age, which is 2-fold more than the combined 13% of SUDEPs in the 0- to 20-year age ranges reported in a pooled analysis from high-quality population-based studies of SUDEP incidence across all age groups.^[@R2]^ Our findings, although partly reflecting referral bias, accord with recent population-based cohorts showing that pediatric SUDEPs are more common than suspected.^[@R2],[@R32]^ SUDEPs in older children and young adults (11--40 years of age, 71%), unwitnessed or unaccompanied death (93%), and found in the prone position (69%) were prevalent in our study, all of which are previously documented SUDEP risk factors.^[@R9]^
Among the 16 (7%) witnessed SUDEPs, 10 had seizures immediately preceding death. Of the 6 other cases without preceding seizure, 4 had difficulty breathing around the terminal event. This provides further anecdotal evidence for proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms of SUDEP of seizures followed by acute respiratory distress or arrest.^[@R33]^ We need additional studies of cases of witnessed near SUDEP in the epilepsy monitoring unit with cardiopulmonary monitoring devices. Access to rapidly responsive emergency medical providers was key in resuscitating cases for \>1 hour (i.e., near SUDEP)^[@R34]^ and, in many cases, preventing death.
Among unwitnessed cases of SUDEP with known sleep state at the time of death (153), death was more likely to occur during sleep (73%) than while awake (27%). This contrasts to cases of witnessed SUDEP (16), which were more frequently awake (55%) than asleep. Witnessed seizures are more likely to receive rapid, potentially lifesaving first aid, which would reduce the frequency of witnessed SUDEPs. Sleep state may be conducive to SUDEP independently of a witness or first aid. For some, a perfect storm of sleep state, altered reduced sympathetic activity, serotonin circadian cycling, and more prolonged postictal generalized EEG suppression leading to cerebral shutdown may combine to impair autonomic function, arousal, and respiration, making SUDEP more likely with seizures during sleep.^[@R35],[@R36]^
As with prior studies, we found that recent history and high frequency of GTCS are common among SUDEP decedents. The high number of lifetime GTCS in this cohort partly reflects patients with epileptic encephalopathies for which very frequent GTCS are retrospectively reported by parents.^[@R37]^
While the majority of decedents in this study had a high lifetime GTCS burden, many reported good seizure control before death. Paradoxically, most SUDEPs in our cohort occurred in patients who are traditionally considered at low SUDEP risk. Our findings also highlight an important issue regarding GTCS frequency and SUDEP. While frequent GTCS are known to increase the relative risk of SUDEP, most PWE have relatively few GTCS. Therefore, in absolute numbers, SUDEP occurs more frequently in people who have relatively milder forms of epilepsy. However, these findings are consistent in that they highlight different aspects of SUDEP: high GTCS frequency increases SUDEP risk in a small group, but the low-risk group is much larger and accounts for most SUDEPs.^[@R12]^ Long periods of seizure freedom could potentially increase SUDEP risk if seizures that occur after a long period of seizure freedom are more dangerous due to a relative lack of tolerance or adaptive recovery responses. One mother feared long periods of seizure freedom in her daughter because the GTCS that followed would often be worse than her typical convulsions. Relatively seizure-free patients must remain vigilant to mitigate risk because ASM nonadherence or lifestyle lapses could prove fatal.
Seven (3%) cases never had a GTCS before SUDEP. Thus, SUDEP risk is not limited to patients with frequent or uncontrolled GTCS. SUDEP should be discussed with all patients and families, regardless of their seizure type, severity, or frequency.^[@R10]^
We studied other SUDEP risk factors, including intellectual disability, alcohol or illicit drug use, and medication nonadherence. The IQ range of our cohort was similar to that of epilepsy populations; 14% had intellectual disability.^[@R19]^ Alcohol use was not frequent in our cohort; 23% were current alcohol users, and 64% never used alcohol, similar to prior studies.^[@R7]^ However, our data reflect only available history, and many SUDEP cases were referred by medical examiners and had limited history. Toxicology findings may bias referrals and influence adjudication because deaths with illicit drug use findings are more likely adjudicated as not SUDEP or possible SUDEP (i.e., overdose is a competing cause of death).
At least 15% of decedents were sleep deprived before death. This conservative figure includes only cases for whom this information was explicitly stated by NOK or confirmed through investigative reports. Because sleep deprivation is a seizure provocation factor, it may be a risk factor for SUDEP.^[@R38]^ We found no relationship of SUDEP to day of the week, month, or season of the year, similar to prior studies.^[@R39]^
Only 16% of NOK were aware of SUDEP before their loved one\'s death, similar to our earlier report^[@R40]^; 74% of this group were glad it was discussed. Among those who had not learned of SUDEP, 78% wish they had been told beforehand. Doctors routinely fail to educate patients and families about SUDEP and ways to reduce risk despite families\' interest in this information and its potential to save the family member\'s life.^[@R41]^
Our cohort had higher comorbidity rates than the general epilepsy population, including depressive (32% compared to 23% reported in a meta-analysis of psychiatric disorders among PWE^[@R42]^) and anxiety disorders (27% compared to 11%--25% in the same reference study^[@R42]^), autism spectrum disorder (16%), and apnea (13%). While the high rates of autism spectrum disorder and possibly apnea may reflect our biased recruiting of patients with Dup15q syndrome and Dravet syndrome, high rates of depressive and anxiety disorders exceed that of the general epilepsy population and are biased down by the epileptic encephalopathy populations, in which these psychiatric diagnoses were infrequent. In patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery and had prospective, systematic assessments, moderate to severe depression and anxiety were identified in 22.1% and 24.7%, respectively.^[@R43]^ In contrast, our data were limited by lack of available medical records, and we lacked either prospective or systematic psychiatric assessments. The prevalence of psychiatric comorbid conditions was likely higher than we identified. A large population-based study in Sweden found that PWE have an ≈11-fold increase in the odds ratio of death during a 55-year follow-up period compared to the general population.^[@R44]^ Of the 15.8% who died of external causes (e.g., suicide, accident, drowning, assault), psychiatric comorbid conditions, especially depression and substance misuse, occurred in 75%.
Our study has multiple limitations. Self-referral or advocacy group referrals likely biased our sample toward higher socioeconomic, white, and younger cases. Our series comprised cases from various referral sources, with only 31% coming from a population base (i.e., San Diego County). In contrast, in the population-based recruitment through medical examiner office referrals, only 17 of 49 cases had finished high school, and 12% were unemployed. Furthermore, 47% of those enrolled through a medical examiner were black or Hispanic/Latino vs 13% of our cohort referred through other sources. The families of most decedents had high medical literacy or access to healthcare providers to learn of NASR. This highlights the nonrandomness of our missing data, often skewed toward collecting higher-quality medical records from patients of a higher socioeconomic status who had more access to specialty care. Interviews were more frequently conducted in these cases than in medical examiner referrals, for which NOK often waived consent to be recontacted or were lost to follow-up. In the 31% of our cases without interviews, information relied on investigative reports and medical records, which often have limited data. Thus, data including last witnessed GTCS and medication compliance were inconsistent, limiting the generalizability of conclusions about SUDEP mechanisms. We hypothesize that ASM nonadherence, sleep deprivation, alcohol withdrawal, and comorbid psychiatric disorders may have a greater role in SUDEP than we could identify.
Data were also limited by recall bias, inherent in retrospective interviews. Although we sought family interviews shortly after enrollment, many were postponed due to grieving or difficulty recontacting. This time interval was even longer among cases enrolled months or years after death. Details on circumstances of dying, medication compliance, and seizure phenotype in many cases were ambiguous. Many parents of adult children lacked accurate information about their child\'s seizure frequency, history of substance abuse, or other details about daily life. Our inability to classify epilepsy syndrome as focal or generalized in 40% of cases reflects inclusion of medical examiner cases who often lacked routine neurologic or other medical care. In other cases, despite care at epilepsy centers, semiologic features (e.g., tonic-clonic seizures without aura) or normal/nonspecific EEG findings did not permit classification.
The lack of a population-based cohort or representative control cohort limits our ability to compare and determine possible risk factors between cases of SUDEP and living cases of epilepsy or non-SUDEP epilepsy deaths. NASR hopes to recruit representative epilepsy and nonepilepsy control cases to compare to cases of SUDEP.
We will make NASR data available to physicians and researchers to collaborate or perform their own historical, genetic, and pathologic analyses. We hope to leverage NASR data and biospecimens to accelerate the understanding the risk factors and mechanisms underlying SUDEP and to advance preventive strategies and interventions. For more information, please see [sudepregistry.org](http://sudepregistry.org).
Editorial, page 93
Podcast: [NPub.org/bcfh4f](http://NPub.org/bcfh4f)
CME Course: [NPub.org/cmelist](http://NPub.org/cmelist)
Study funding
=============
Funded by Finding a Cure for Epilepsy and Seizures, Lundbeck, and American Epilepsy Society.
Disclosure
==========
C. Verducci and F. Hussain report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. E. Donner receives consulting fees from Eisai and UCB. She also receives research grants from Ontario Brain Institute and Canadian Institutes of Health Research. B. Moseley has served on advisory boards for UCB Pharma, Eisai, and Validus Pharmaceuticals. He also serves on speakers bureaus for UCB Pharma, LivaNova, and Eisai. He receives research support from LivaNova, Sunovion, and the NASR at New York University. J. Buchhalter is on the executive committee of the NASR. He also receives salary support for consulting and clinical trial--related activities performed on behalf of The Epilepsy Study Consortium, a nonprofit organization. He has received consulting fees for services provided to Insys, Inc and Zogenix. D.C. Hesdorffer is on the committee of the NASR at New York University. She has received research support from the Epilepsy Study Consortium, a nonprofit organization, and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute Patient-Powered Research Network for the Rare Epilepsy Network. She is an associate editor of *Epilepsia* and a reviewer of *Epilepsy and Behavior*. She has received travel reimbursement related to research, meetings, or presentations of results at scientific meetings. D. Friedman is on the executive committee of the NASR. He also receives salary support for consulting and clinical trial--related activities performed on behalf of The Epilepsy Study Consortium, a nonprofit organization. Dr. Friedman receives no personal income for these activities. New York University receives a fixed amount from the Epilepsy Study Consortium towards Dr. Friedman\'s salary. Within the past year, The Epilepsy Study Consortium received payments for research services performed by Dr. Friedman from Adamas, Biogen, CuroNZ, Engage Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, GW Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Takeda, and Zynerba. He has also served as a paid consultant for Eisai and Penumbra. He has received honorarium from Neuropace, Inc. He receives research support from Empatica, Epitel, UCB, Inc, and Neuropace. He holds ownership interests in Neuroview Technology. O. Devinsky serves on the medical or scientific advisory board and receives compensation from Privateer Holdings/Tilray, Egg Rock/Papa & Barkley, Receptor Life Sciences, Empatica, Tevard, Engage, Rettco, and Pairnomix/Q-state. He has received consulting fees from Zogenix and GW Pharmaceuticals. He is the principal investigator (uncompensated) for the NASR and the Sudden Unexplained Death in Childhood Registry and Research Collaborative. He receives grant support from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Mental Health, Department of Defense, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Go to [Neurology.org/N](https://n.neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000007778) for full disclosures.
ASM
: antiseizure medication
CPR
: cardiopulmonary resuscitation
GTCS
: generalized tonic-clonic seizures
IQR
: interquartile range
NASR
: North American SUDEP Registry
NOK
: next of kin
PNES
: psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
PWE
: people with epilepsy
SUDEP
: sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
VNS
: vagus nerve stimulator
[^1]: The Article Processing Charge was funded by the authors.
[^2]: Go to [Neurology.org/N](https://n.neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000007778) for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
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Toxicities Following Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy Treatment of Locally-Recurrent and Previously Irradiated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) with concomitant cetuximab is an effective treatment option for previously irradiated, locally recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Its local control and overall survival are similar to those of other available treatment options. Each retreatment depends heavily on the prior treatment and every patient is a special case. Based on the experience of our institution and previously published studies, for patients who receive concomitant cetuximab with a median prior radiation therapy dose of 70Gy, we recommend a total dose of 40-44Gy delivered in 5 fractions on alternating days over 1-2 weeks. However, Grade 2 or 3 toxicities are not uncommon. Therefore, in this review, we also report a pilot study that applies a normal tissue complication probability dose-response model to estimate the probability of toxicities in locally recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck reirradiated with SABR. Although this dose-response model includes concurrent targeted therapy and no comparable model yet exists for SABR without it, complication rates without concurrent biological therapy or chemotherapy should be no higher than those described here. |
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Oscillatory synchrony in the monkey temporal lobe correlates with performance in a visual short-term memory task.
Oscillatory synchrony has been proposed to dynamically coordinate distributed neural ensembles, but whether this mechanism is effectively used in neural processing remains controversial. We trained two monkeys to perform a delayed matching-to-sample task using new visual shapes at each trial. Measures of population-activity patterns (cortical field potentials) were obtained from a chronically implanted array of electrodes placed over area V4 and posterior infero-temporal cortex. In correct trials, oscillatory phase synchrony in the beta range (15-20 Hz) was observed between two focal sites in the inferior temporal cortex while holding the sample in short-term memory. Error trials were characterized by an absence of oscillatory synchrony during memory maintenance. Errors did not seem to be due to an impaired stimulus encoding, since various parameters of neural activity in sensory area V4 did not differ in correct and incorrect trials during sample presentation. Our findings suggest that the successful performance of a visual short-term memory task depends on the strength of oscillatory synchrony during the maintenance of the object in short-term memory. The strength of oscillatory synchrony thus seems to be a relevant parameter of the neural population dynamics that matches behavioral performance. |
From My Own Brother in My Own Home: Children's Experiences and Perceptions Following Alleged Sibling Incest.
Sibling incest is an understudied field despite its high prevalence rates. The current study was designed to characterize the way children describe their experiences and perceptions following alleged sibling incest. The sample consisted of 20 forensic investigations with children who were referred to forensic investigation following suspected sibling incest. The age range of the children was between 6 and 12 years old, including 17 girls and three boys. Thematic analysis was conducted on all the interviews and the children's perceptions greatly echoed the ecological framework while they elaborated on three levels: family level, in which children discussed the context of the abuse and the disclosure; sibling level, in which children discussed their siblings' behaviors and the grooming process; and the child level, in which the children discussed their own behavior during the abuse. The discussion highlights the relevance of the ecological framework to the study's results and stresses the complexity of this phenomenon and the challenges it raises for practitioners in various contexts-child protective, forensic, and clinical. |
983 F.2d 1058
NOTICE: Fourth Circuit I.O.P. 36.6 states that citation of unpublished dispositions is disfavored except for establishing res judicata, estoppel, or the law of the case and requires service of copies of cited unpublished dispositions of the Fourth Circuit.UNITED STATES of AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee,v.Anthony Dewayne RAMEY, Defendant-Appellant.UNITED STATES of AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee,v.Rickey Ricardio JOHNSON, Defendant-Appellant.
Nos. 91-5083, 91-5117.
United States Court of Appeals,Fourth Circuit.
Argued: December 3, 1992Decided: January 6, 1993
Appeals from the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia, at Roanoke. James C. Turk, Chief District Judge. (CR-91-14-R)
ARGUED: George David Nixon, King, Fulghum, Snead, Nixon & Grimes, P.C., Roanoke, Virginia, for Appellant.
Donald Ray Wolthuis, Assistant United States Attorney, Roanoke, Virginia, for Appellee.
ON BRIEF: Jonathan M. Apgar, Damico & Apgar, Roanoke, Virginia, for Appellant.
E. Montgomery Tucker, United States Attorney, Roanoke, Virginia, for Appellee.
W.D.Va.
Affirmed.
Before MURNAGHAN, WILKINS, and WILLIAMS, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
OPINION
Anthony Dewayne Ramey
1
Anthony Dewayne Ramey was convicted of conspiracy to commit robbery, see 18 U.S.C.A. § 371 (West 1966), armed robbery, see 18 U.S.C.A. § 2113(a), (d) (West 1984 & Supp. 1992); 18 U.S.C.A. § 2 (West 1969), and carrying a firearm during the commission of a violent crime, see 18 U.S.C.A. § 924(c) (West Supp. 1992); 18 U.S.C.A § 2 (West 1969).1 Ramey raises several assignments of error attacking his convictions. Concluding that these contentions are without merit, we affirm.
I.
2
Rickey Ricardio Johnson and Dedrick Lee Wiley admitted their involvement in a robbery of the Roanoke General Electric Employees Federal Credit Union (credit union). Both testified that Ramey was also involved and that he supplied the firearm used in the commission of this crime. Ramey admitted that he was with Johnson at the time, date, and place of the robbery, but claimed that he was not a party to the robbery.
3
Charles Perkins, the general manager of the credit union, testified that the credit union was federally chartered and federally insured. The defense objected to Perkins' testimony. The district court overruled the objection, holding that as general manager, Perkins was in a position to give this testimony.
4
After Ramey was convicted by a jury, the district court imposed a concurrent sentence of 41 months imprisonment on the conspiracy and robbery counts, see United States Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual, § 2B3.1 (Nov. 1990), a consecutive term of 60 months imprisonment for carrying a firearm during the commission of a violent crime, see 18 U.S.C.A. § 924(c) (West Supp. 1992), a term of supervised release of three years, and a special assessment of $150.
II.
5
Ramey appeals his convictions, contending that the Government did not prove that the credit union was federally insured on the date of the robbery or that the firearm used in the commission of the robbery traveled in interstate commerce. Additionally, Ramey asserts that the testimony of Charles Perkins concerning the federal insurance issue was inadmissible, and that the testimony of accomplices Johnson and Wiley was insufficient to support his convictions.
6
After carefully reviewing the record and viewing the facts and inferences therefrom in the light most favorable to the Government, see Glasser v. United States, 315 U.S. 60, 80 (1942), we find no merit to Ramey's claims. The Government, through Perkins, did offer sufficient evidence on which a jury reasonably could conclude that the credit union was federally insured on the date of the robbery, see Fed. R. Evid. 602; see also United States v. Safley, 408 F.2d 603, 605 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 983 (1969). Furthermore, there was sufficient evidence produced to establish that the firearm used had traveled in interstate commerce, see United States v. Rodriguez, 915 F.2d 397, 399 (8th Cir. 1990). Finally, the testimony of accomplices Johnson and Wiley was sufficient to support Ramey's convictions. Accordingly, the convictions are affirmed.
Rickey Ricardio Johnson2
7
Rickey Ricardio Johnson pled guilty to armed robbery, see 18 U.S.C.A. § 2113(a), (d) (West 1984 & Supp. 1992); 18 U.S.C.A. § 2 (West 1969), and using a firearm during the commission of a violent crime, see 18 U.S.C.A. § 924(c) (West Supp. 1992); 18 U.S.C.A. § 2 (West 1969). The remaining count of the indictment, conspiracy to commit robbery, see 18 U.S.C.A. § 371 (West 1966), was dismissed. Johnson was sentenced to 41 months imprisonment for armed robbery, see United States Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual, § 2B3.1 (Nov. 1990), a consecutive term of 60 months imprisonment for carrying a firearm during the commission of a violent crime, see 18 U.S.C.A. § 924(c) (West Supp. 1992), a term of supervised release of three years, and a special assessment of $100.
8
Johnson claims that the district court erred in not departing downward on the basis of his alleged substantial assistance to the Government. Because the Government did not move for a downward departure pursuant to 18 U.S.C.A. § 3553(e) (West Supp. 1992), and United States Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual, § 5K1.1 (Nov. 1990), the court was without authority to depart on this basis. See Wade v. United States, 112 S. Ct. 1840, 1843-44 (1992). Further, there was no showing that the Government agreed to make this motion or in any way acted in bad faith.
9
In a supplemental brief, Johnson also raises the issue of whether the credit union was federally insured. The fact that the credit union had purchased separate insurance from a company organized under state law does not establish that it was not federally insured. We have carefully considered Johnson's supplemental brief and conclude that it sets forth no grounds upon which relief should be granted.
AFFIRMED
1
The district court dismissed Ramey's conviction on Count IV, possession by a convicted felon of a firearm that has traveled in interstate commerce, 18 U.S.C.A. §§ 922(g), 924(a)(2) (West Supp. 1992), "as far as imposing any sentence."
2
On December 3, 1992, this court granted Johnson's motion to submit his appeal for a decision on the briefs
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Q:
C++ overloading operator+ for matrixes
class matrix
{
int n;
double **a; //the "matrix"
public:
matrix(int);
~matrix();
int getN();
matrix& operator=(matrix&);
double& operator()(int,int);
friend matrix& operator+(matrix,matrix);
friend matrix& operator-(matrix,matrix);
friend matrix& operator*(matrix,matrix);
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &,const matrix &);
};
matrix& operator+(matrix A,matrix B)
{
int i,j,n=A.getN();
assert(A.getN()==B.getN());
matrix *C=new matrix(A.getN());
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<n; j++)
{
(*C)(i,j)=A(i,j)+B(i,j);
}
}
return *C;
}
Is this the correct way to overload arithmetic operators?
Are there memory leaks in my code?
The constructor allocates memory in heap, first for an array of double pointers, then for each pointer an array of double.
A:
You should be returning the new matrix by value, and passing (at leas one of) the arguments by const reference:
matrix operator+(const matrix& A, const matrix& B);
This means that you should not allocate it dynamically inside the body of the operator.
If you only call public member methods or member operators, then there is no need to declare the non-member operators as friend.
Also note that is is common practice to implement +=, *= etc. as member operators, and then implement the non-members in terms of those:
matrix operator+(matrix A, const matrix& B)
{
return A+=B;
}
As an aside, you have to check that the dimensions of the matrices are correct. With your design it is only possible to do this at run-time. Another approach is to enforce dimensional correctness at compile time by making the matrices class templates:
template <typename T, size_t ROWS, size_t COLS> matrix;
The trade-off is that matrices of different dimensions are different types.
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Obama Would Pay More — Romney, A Lot More — If Bush-Era Tax Cuts End
An occasional series, Fiscal Cliff Notes
breaks down the looming "fiscal cliff" of expiring tax cuts and deep automatic spending cuts set to hit around the first of year.
About 80 percent of Americans would see their taxes go up if all the tax cuts signed into law by President George W. Bush were to expire as scheduled at the end of this year. And nearly 100 percent of the highest income earners would have to pay more — including both the Obamas and the Romneys. "I should pay more taxes, and folks in my income bracket should pay more taxes," President Obama said at a January campaign event. In 2011, Obama and the first lady had about $500,000 in taxable income, after deductions. If the tax cuts expire, the Obamas will pay an estimated $15,000 to $20,000 more in federal taxes, says Bill Smith, managing director in the CBIZ MHM national tax office. "Most of the Obamas' income was from wages or from book royalties," explains Smith, whose large accounting and tax firm works with high net-worth individuals. If the cuts expire, tax rates on income at just about every level would rise. Smith says the top marginal tax rate would go up from 35 percent to 39.6 percent.
"And so you can see just the rate differential, the rate increase at the upper end accounts for a fairly high tax increase for the Obamas," he says. But it's nothing compared to the tax increase the Romneys would face. "Now you're talking about real money," says Smith. Not only do Mitt and Ann Romney have a lot more income than the Obamas — about $20 million in 2011, according to their estimated tax returns — but more than half of it comes in the form of dividends and capital gains, taxed at a lower rate. In January, Romney said: "What's the effective rate I've been paying? It's probably closer to the 15 percent rate than anything. Because my last 10 years ... my income comes overwhelmingly from investments made in the past, rather than ordinary income." Smith says much of that advantage would go away if the Bush-era tax cuts expire. "Qualified dividends go from a 15 percent rate all the way to 39.6 percent," he says. And long-term capital gains rates would rise by 5 percentage points. In all, based on their 2011 income, the Romneys would see an increase of more than $1 million in federal taxes in 2013, Smith says.
Blind Archer Makes World Record
As we've reported, there were no public events on the Olympic sporting schedule today, the day of the opening ceremony. But we must note that two world records were set at the London 2012 Games this morning. That's when South Korean archer Im Dong-hyun scored a record 699 points. You might recall Im's name — he's made headlines because he is both a gold medalist and legally blind. Im, 26, was a teenager when he started to lose his eyesight. His vision is now rated at a reported 20/100 in his right eye, and 20/200 in his left eye. Im described how he copes with his condition in an interview with The Telegraph:
"In his words, it leaves the rainbow colours of the archery target looking 'as if different types of paint have been dropped in water. The lines are blurred.' "Im began losing his eyesight as a teenager, when he was already an established archer, although there are no tell-tale signs. "'I do not feel that I need to wear glasses. I am not myopic, I am far-sighted,' he said, after one of his daily training sessions at his training centre in Seoul." Olympic archers shoot at their target from a distance of nearly 230 feet — or, 70 meters, to be exact. The target has two center rings, which are 4.8 and 2.4 inches in diameter. In the interview, Im went on to describe how he "feels" each shot with his body. He has developed muscles that are very sensitive to the kind of consistency he needs to hit his target, he says. On the strength of Im's result Friday, the South Koreans also set a team world record in Friday's event, a preliminary ranking round. American Brady Ellison, the world's No. 1-ranked archer, placed tenth Friday, with 676 points.
London Opens Up, In Danny Boyle's 'Warm-Up Act' For The Summer Olympics
Every recent opening ceremony of the Olympics went for glitter and glamour, in an escalating war of excess. Ceremony fanatics consider the Beijing opening ceremony the gaudiest of all — and Oscar-winner Danny Boyle (the director of Slumdog Millionaire) had $42 million to try to outdo the Chinese organizers. Instead, Boyle says, "You can't get bigger than Beijing. So that, in a way, kind of liberated us. We thought, 'Great. Oh good. We'll try and do something different, then.' " The result is a "show," as Boyle calls it, focused on Britain's pastoral past and the "pandemonium" of the Industrial Revolution. It also celebrates British culture, music, literature — and even socialized medicine. The government-supported National Health Service "is embedded in our culture," Boyle says, and it's also embedded in the ceremony.
"We hope the feeling of the show is a celebration of generosity ... and of hope," he told reporters before Friday's ceremony began. "There's no better expression of that," he continued, than the 15,000 volunteers performing in the ceremony, and their belief "in this ideal that we can all come together in peace and celebrate the greatest of us." In the U.S., the opening ceremony is being broadcast by NBC on tape-delay Friday, airing at 7:30 p.m. in most markets and at 6:30 p.m. in the Central time zone. In London, the show begins at 9 p.m. — or 4 p.m. EDT. Forgive Boyle for waxing rhapsodic about this "warm-up act for the games." Sitting beside him at an embargoed news briefing was Sebastian Coe, the former Olympic gold and silver medalist who chairs the London Organizing Committee. "This is probably the biggest day of my life," Coe declared. "This has been 10 years in the making." About half of the opening ceremony is lightly produced, as thousands of athletes march into London's Olympic Stadium behind colleagues bearing their nation's flags. "We don't get lost in show business," Boyle says. "The show will say a lot about us," Coe adds. "But I also want it to be a dedication and a welcome — a British welcome — to the athletes of the world." |
Q:
Does Gripe Water work for fussy babies?
All parents have to deal with a fussy infant at one time or another and it seems like nothing will sooth them*. Hence, there are many over-the-counter tonics and formulas that are said to calm a fussing infant child suffering from gastrointestinal discomfort.
One of these is Gripe Water. I currently have Mommy's Bliss brand in front of me and it says right on the front:
Safely and naturally relieves stomach discomfort and gas*
occasionally associated with colic / upset tummy / hiccups / teething
...
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnosis, treat, cure, or prevent disease.
This particular brand contains these seemingly benign ingredients:
Deionized water, vegetable glycerine, fructose, citrus biflavinoid extract, citric acid, natural fennel flavor.
Now I have never actually used it more than twice, once on my daughter a few years ago and earlier today on my infant son who won't stop fussing today, so I can't speak from personal experience if it works or not. My sister swears by it with her three children.
Is there any study on the effectiveness of Gripe Water? Can the claim be substantiated? What is the history of this solution? What is the active ingredient in the above list?
*In fact, I am typing this with one hand because my three week old son won't stop fussing unless I hold him in a particular way.
A:
There is little limited research on if/how Gripe Water works.
This literature review from 2000 looks at the evidence of how Gripe Water deals with colic (which may or may not be caused by intestinal discomfort):
Blumenthal, I (April 2000). "The Gripe Water Story". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 93 (4): 172–174. PMC 1297971. PMID 10844880.
Some versions of Gripe Water contain alcohol (depending on jurisdiction), but that does not appear to be an active ingredient in dealing with colic.
Instead, it is the sweet taste that helps. So (depending on the ingredients), not the bicarbonate, not the sugar itself and probably not the dill in most cases. (Fennel wasn't present in the original formulation, although it varies.)
It now seems that the soothing effect of gripe water derives from its sweet taste. Recent studies have shown that infants with colic obtain relief from sugar solutions. The face that the analgesic effect of a sugar solution is lost when it is fed by tube indicates the effect, which persists after the sugar is swallowed, is mediated through taste. Artificial sweeteners such as aspartame are just as effective as sucrose.
A:
Fennel is commonly used as a natural remedy for gas and other digestive problems, so that is probably the "active ingredient" (though "natural flavor" is pretty vague). Glycerin would be for texture and sweetness, fructose is a sweetener, citric acid adds tartness (probably just for flavor). Citrus bioflavonoids is trickier. That umbrella covers many different compounds, some studied, some not so much.
There is a chance that the gripe water could work, as one study has shown fennel effective at reducing the symptoms of colic, but none yet prove the effectiveness of prepared gripe water.
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changelog:
- type: DEPENDENCY_BUMP
dependencyOwner: solo-io
dependencyRepo: solo-kit
dependencyTag: v0.11.5
- type: FIX
description: Fix generated API field links in docs.solo.io/gloo/latest/.
issueLink: https://github.com/solo-io/gloo/issues/1477
- type: NON_USER_FACING
description: Cherry-pick recent docs updates from solo-docs.
issueLink: https://github.com/solo-io/gloo/issues/1505
|
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The Protected content
is the smallest brewery in Munich. It is owned by Werner Shuegraf who started his career doing some homebrewing together with an american friend. They were focused mainly in experimentation. Soon after Werner decided he wanted to establish his own brewery and he named it after kind of Computer hacking. The idea was to do something you shouldn't do or hadn't been done before. He actually brew a combination of traditional Munich styles of beer and american and belgian styles!
This coming Friday Werner and the Protected content
will celebrate two years of activity. There will be a live concert and of course a lot of beer!! Come and join me there, It will be fun!! |
As the summer of 2016 wound down, the University of Chicago’s dean of students sent a letter to the school’s incoming cohort of freshmen telling them not to expect the sort of coddling that had become worryingly commonplace at elite American colleges. His welcome to the class of 2020 aimed to introduce them to the school’s climate of unadulterated academic rigor and heady debate—the Chicago brand. This dean, John Ellison, didn’t mean to bring down the full weight of a national conversation about campus politics on his university.
“My letter was meant for our students and was not really meant to garner so much attention,” said Ellison via email, when he politely declined my request for an interview. He hadn’t wanted the letter to go viral or to inspire—and require—reactions from alumni, academics, and administrators, many of them stooping to defend these censorious habits, most of them actually critical of just one incendiary sentence: “Our commitment to academic freedom means that we do not support so-called ‘trigger warnings,’ we do not cancel invited speakers because their topics might prove controversial, and we do not condone the creation of intellectual ‘safe spaces’ where intellectuals can retreat from ideas and perspectives at odds with their own.”
Really, Ellison’s missive was just a cover letter for a monograph: a history of Chicago’s commitment to academic freedom by Dean of the College John Boyer. Ellison sent another similar letter atop Boyer’s brief history this month, making no mention of “trigger warnings” or “safe spaces” but pledging an “unwavering commitment to academic freedom and free expression” all the same. In the summer of 2016, when the Christakises of Yale and Mizzou’s Melissa Click loomed in recent memory, the Ellison letter proved a salve for some, a shock to others. Last year’s buzzwords— those tools of an over-sensitive undergraduate seeking to shield himself from minor discomforts—became shorthand for how the hell’d these kids get so soft. And then at some point they lost their buzz.
For 2017’s college administrator, fear of physical violence overwhelms the theoretical concerns that made that first letter famous—according to constitutional scholar and University of Chicago law professor Geoffrey Stone. “Now, you’ve got Nazis marching around. The concern about things like trigger warnings has been eclipsed by a much more serious threat,” Stone says. His 2012 “Statement on principles of free inquiry,” known to Chicagoans as the “Stone Statement,” clarified the university's commitment to free speech before preempted the current crisis-level aversion to free expression. Between those too easily offended and those too happy to offend, Stone perceives a stalemate. Both sides, to borrow a phrase, are to blame: Conservative students’ escalating impishness has risen, over the years, to meet campus leftists’ corresponding oversensitivity, Stone says.
He compares them—these progressive student protesters, notably bolstered at Berkeley and Middlebury by anarchist interlopers—to Southern segregationists whose violent rebukes made national news out of peaceful civil rights demonstrations. And by 2015, college students’ distaste for debate likewise drove the day. Stone co-authored a “Report of the Committee on Freedom of Expression”—known as the “Chicago Principles,” which Princeton, Purdue, and American University adopted later that same year. And it’s clearer than ever now that the underlying principles Ellison’s letter extolled, a respect for free speech and civil engagement, need to be explicitly taught, not just agreed upon by faculty or practiced and preached by a far-sighted president.
Princeton’s president Christopher Eisgruber, another constitutional lawyer, penned a commencement address and corresponding article last spring on the cultivation of civil discourse and free inquiry—virtues that are thriving, contrary to elsewhere, on the Ivy League campus. Former Pennsylvania senator Rick Santorum told Eisgruber after a lecture and some verbal sparring with Princetonians, “This is what should happen on college campuses.” (The same Santorum decried a “crisis-level plague of indecency on our campuses” in a candid interview with THE WEEKLY STANDARD last year.) There was a time when Eisgruber wouldn’t have found a civil exchange between undergraduates and a former U.S. senator—even a conservative Republican—quite so remarkable. “If you had asked me a little more than four years ago, when I took office, ‘Do you think free speech is something you need to speak up and defend?’—I would have said, well, it’s our common heritage, so fundamental to what we do at universities.” Since Eisgruber assumed the post in 2013, “It’s become apparent that we really do need to be talking about it.” And, today, he tells me, “It can feel precarious. It doesn’t take a lot of people to heckle a speaker or shut someone down.”
Princeton professor Keith Whittington, author of a forthcoming book on campus free speech, found the outbreak of mob violence at Middlebury in March a turning point, and inspiration to finallywrite book that had been brewing in the back of his mind. “The extreme to which that went was shocking,” Whittington says, noting their fearsome persistence: Protesters pursued Murray and his interviewer from one venue to the next and swarmed their car as they tried to leave campus. “But the fact that students were trying to shut down a speaker? That should no longer be surprising, which is why we ought to take it more seriously.”
Letting the air fill with words and ideas you oppose or dislike, and waiting your turn to rebut, or respectfully declining to react—these are skills even the rowdiest student protesters must have mastered at some point. “What you learned in kindergarten can be a useful guide for what you ought to be doing right now,” Whittington says, when I ask him what advice he would offer undergraduates. There’s a place for instruction in the virtue of free expression, he believes, at freshman orientations, right alongside inevitable warnings against binge drinking and sexual assault.
Not a new idea, this.
At Indiana’s Purdue University, where President Mitch Daniels tells me freshman orientation is under way, they’ve offered a unit of instruction to practice—and “unpack” in silly-serious skits—the principles of free speech Purdue pledges to uphold.
Thanks to its president—the popular two-term governor of Indiana and, per columnist George Will (not to mention most every right-thinking Republican), "the president America needs"—Purdue University leads the pack in tackling every excess and affliction of a typical American university. (It's a rare higher-education story that doesn't call for some example of how Purdue, and Daniels, does it better.) Their income share agreements permit market-friendly loan repayment at rates predetermined by different majors' likely future earnings; their purchase of reputable for-profit Kaplan U savvily preempted higher ed's inevitable "tech disruption,” out ahead of the otherwise squeamish industry; their remedial orientation module on the indispensable principles of free expression is the envy of many a college currently waking up to a generation's dangerous aversion to free thought. Daniels is cautiously hopeful, he tells me. “Excesses of authoritarianism,” he says, reflecting on the last year and a half, “got the attention of folks who hadn't paid much before.”
“We detect a lot more interest than a couple years ago in other schools trying to establish—or reestablish—a climate of openness and freedom of expression,” Daniels tells me. “We've been asked to share [the orientation module] fairly widely, especially in the last year.” It's even the envy of the University of Chicago, I’m told. At multiple conferences this summer where colleges administrators presented their orientation materials and borrowed each other’s ideas, representatives from other universities approached Purdue’s student life directors about their free speech program—and Chicago was among them.
“There's a market for it,” says Daniels, who also helmed the Office of Management and Budget under George W. Bush and worked, before that, as a business executive—“and I think a growing one,” he adds. Purdue may offer a model for the survival, and growth, of the American university but it’s a model dependent, as ever, on the unfettered exchange of ideas, the bedrock principles a youthful appetite for censorship threatens with extinction. (Purdue modeled its own “Statement of Commitment to Freedom of Expression” on the Chicago Principles, recall.)
A growing awareness there’s something amiss when universities, of all places, undermine the free exchange of ideas is in itself a promising development. Just how far the public’s attention to Ellison’s letter surpassed his expectations, for instance, suggests a certain civic resilience in the knowledge that our self-government’s at stake. “If individually colleges and universities want to disgrace themselves by allowing this basic freedom to be trespassed, then that's their problem,” says Daniels, presidentially. “But if we’re raising a generation of young people with an inverted view of the First Amendment, that's everybody's problem.” |
In Japan, Blue is generally known as "Green," which may be the more common name for the character in certain corners of the fandom. Japanese manga usually refer to the character as "Green" while English translations change it to "Blue." This can cause confusion especially for manga such as Pokémon Adventures, which also features a female character called "Blue" in Japanese manga and "Green" in translations.
Characterization
Gameverse Blue
[Original (R/B/Y) vs. remake (HG/SS)? Blue & Eevee from Yellow]
Special!Blue
The fandom for the Pokémon Adventures (a.k.a. Pokémon Special) manga tends to refer to characters by their original Japanese names, so this character is usually known as Special!Green. This incarnation of the character is "often regarded as the most ikemen ['Hot guy'] out of all the Greens [Blues]".[1]
Other Incarnations
[ Gary Oak in the anime as well as The Electric Tale of Pikachu manga and "Shigeru" in Pokémon Zensho. Pocket Monsters version is "Green". "Blue" from the Pocket Monsters manga may be very loosely based on Gameverse Blue?] |
Cloning of SEZ-12 encoding seizure-related and membrane-bound adhesion protein.
SEZ-12 is one of the seizure-related cDNAs which was isolated by differential hybridization from primary cultured neurons from the mouse cerebral cortex with or without pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). SEZ-12 expression is transiently down-regulated in the mouse brain by injection of PTZ. To characterize SEZ-12, isolation of full-length cDNA and nucleotide sequence analysis were performed. The deduced amino acid sequence of SEZ-12 revealed that it encodes membrane-bound C-type lectin and has a significant homology to that of human cDNA, DGCR2 and IDD, which were cloned from a balanced translocation breakpoint associated with the DiGeorge syndrome. The isolated cDNA was about 4 kb in length and the message was expressed ubiquitously in various organs with low-abundance. Previously, we also cloned a transmembrane protein which is probably involved in cell-cell interaction by the differential hybridization technique. These findings suggest that transmembrane signaling in neuronal cells may have an important role in PTZ-induced seizure. |
New Principal Prepares For Tasks At High School
July 11, 1994|By ALIX BIEL; Courant Staff Writer
OLD SAYBROOK — A revolving door in the principal's office, an unsatisfactorily high dropout rate and a new curriculum planning model might have been enough to send the new high school principal speeding off into the night after the last school board meeting, heading home to King of Prussia, Pa.
But before he left the meeting, Kevin Hart assured board members he would return July 20 to start his new job and begin grappling with problems at Old Saybrook Senior High School.
Although he said it was too early to tell where he would focus his priorities, he planned to spend much of the summer listening to parents, students and teachers, and getting acclimated to the community before classes resume at the end of August.
Hart, 46, has spent his professional life in Connecticut, except for the past four years, when he was principal at Upper Merion Area High School in Pennsylvania. A Pittsburgh native, he began teaching after graduating from Yale University in 1969, and eventually became associate headmaster at Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven.
While the high rate of turnover at the principal's office is unfortunate, Hart is unfazed.
``I can't be concerned with the revolving door,'' he said. He assured school board members he would be staying for at least a few years, board Vice Chairwoman Eileen D. Baker has said.
The dropout rate at the high school is ``something worth directing a lot of attention to,'' Hart said, although he had no immediate plans to address it. In Pennsylvania, he established an alternative school within the high school that was ``counseling intensive.'' In its first year, the program worked well, he said.
Old Saybrook's alternative education program was not so successful this past school year. Principal Thad C. Hasbrouck, whose resignation became effective in June, recommended that the program be discontinued in the fall because too many students had dropped out of it. Students enrolled in the alternative program had already dropped out of high school once and had been wooed back to the alternative program by school officials.
``I'll have to take a closer look at what is here,'' Hart said.
What he won't have to study much is outcome-based education, or OBE, a philosophy that prizes student achievement in pre-designated areas. Old Saybrook's school board, which adopted OBE in the late 1980s, this week replaced it with a different model for planning curriculum.
Hart is fluent in OBE, which Pennsylvania schools considered adopting statewide. His familiarity with the theory cost him one vote on the school board; Brian T. O'Neill explained his vote against hiring Hart last month by saying he was grounded in the philosophy that Old Saybrook was abandoning.
After July 20, Hart plans to find housing and get to know the district and high school. He said he does not have any area of special interest to promote in the school. |
UPDATE–Law enforcement agencies in Europe and the United States, including Europol and the FBI, ran a coordinated takedown of the GameOver Zeus botnet on Friday, seizing servers and disrupting the botnet’s operation. Authorities say that the same botnet has been used to distribute the CryptoLocker ransomware and they’re now looking for a 30-year-old Russian whom they say is connected to the operation of the botnet.
GameOver is a separate strain of malware from the more well-known Zeus Trojan and the botnet built using GameOver has proven to be a hard target for researchers and law enforcement. The GameOver Zeus botnet uses a P2P architecture, which makes it difficult to disrupt because of the decentralized command-and-control infrastructure. Many malware authors and botnet operators have shifted to this architecture in the last few years because of the advantages it offers in resisting takedowns and removal attempts.
GameOver Zeus is used as part of a wire fraud scheme.
GameOver Zeus is used as part of a wire fraud scheme that involves stealing financial credentials from infected users’ computers and then sending money from the victims’ accounts to those controlled by the attackers. GameOver often is distributed to victims through other botnets, specifically the Cutwail botnet.
On May 30, authorities working out of the European Cybercrime Center (EC3) worked with a number of security companies and researchers to takedown the botnet and seize the servers that were part of the botnet. The Shadowserver Foundation, Abuse.ch, CrowdStrike, Microsoft and several other companies were part of the takedown. The FBI has identified Evgeniy Mikhailovich Bogachev as the alleged controller of the GameOver Zeus operation.
“This big, and very successful, operation has been an important test of the EU Member States’ ability to act fast, decisively and coordinated against a dangerous criminal network that has been stealing money and information from victims in the EU and all over the globe. Over many days and nights cyber police from several EU countries in EC3 operation rooms maximized the impact of this joint investigation. We get better and better after each such operation, and many more will undoubtedly follow,” said Troels Oerting, head of the EC3.
The U.S. government sinkholed some of the servers involved in the GameOver Zeus botnet, redirecting traffic from infected machines to servers they control. This is a common tactic used as part of botnet takedowns, but is not always completely effective, especially against P2P botnets that don’t rely on one or handful of key C&C servers.
On Monday, the US-CERT issued a technical warning about Zeus GameOver, telling users to be wary of the malware.
“GOZ, which is often propagated through spam and phishing messages, is primarily used by cybercriminals to harvest banking information, such as login credentials, from a victim’s computer. Infected systems can also be used to engage in other malicious activities, such as sending spam or participating in distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks,” the warning says.
Kaspersky Lab has released a removal tool for GameoverZeus that can disinfect compromised systems. David Emm, senior expert with Kaspersky’s Global Research and Analysis Team, said the many variants of Zeus make it a difficult threat to eradicate.
“These types of threats are not uncommon – in our virus lab we see about 315,000 unique samples every day, including banking Trojans, ransomware and many other types of malware. Looking at Zeus, whose original code has been available on the Internet for years, it can be seen that there are literally hundreds of thousands of variants of it, and one of the reasons for this is that when attackers take control of a user’s computer they tend to want to keep control of it for as long as possible,” he said.
This is not the first time that researchers and authorities have gone after a Zeus botnet. In 2012, Microsoft took down some servers used as C&C points for Zeus, but because GameOver Zeus uses a P2P architecture, the operation didn’t put a dent in that malware operation.
“This operation disrupted a global botnet that had stolen millions from businesses and consumers as well as a complex ransomware scheme that secretly encrypted hard drives and then demanded payments for giving users access to their own files and data,” said Deputy Attorney General Cole. “We succeeded in disabling GameOver Zeus and Cryptolocker only because we blended innovative legal and technical tactics with traditional law enforcement tools and developed strong working relationships with private industry experts and law enforcement counterparts in more than 10 countries around the world.”
The Department of Justice charged Bogachev with conspiracy, wire fraud, computer hacking, bank fraud and money laundering in connection with the operation of GameOver Zeus. Authorities also say he was responsible for running the CryptoLocker infrastructure, a highly profitable ransomware operation.
This article was edited on June 2 to add the FBI’s comments. |
Developmentally arrested oviduct: a structural and functional defect in mice following prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol.
To determine the effects of exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the developing oviduct, timed pregnant CD-1 mice were treated with DES (10-100 micrograms/kg subcutaneous) on days 9-16 of gestation. Prenatal DES-exposed and age-matched control mice were sacrificed from day 16 of gestation to 15 weeks of age and oviductal development was compared. Following prenatal exposure to DES (100 micrograms/kg), the oviduct at all ages examined was uncoiled and shorter, closely adherent to and wrapped around the ovary in an anatomical configuration similar to the fetal mouse. In addition, the demarcation between the oviduct and uterus was not readily apparent. Histological changes in the DES (100 micrograms/kg) oviduct as compared with control at 10-15 weeks of age included a proliferation of columnar epithelium lining the lumen with gland formation extending into the underlying stroma, absence of or a reduced amount of fimbrial tissue, increased thickness of the muscular wall, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Also, as a functional test of uterotubal junction integrity, Coomassie Blue dye was injected into the uterus. The control uterotubal junction confined the fluid to the uterus. In 80% and 100% of the animals exposed prenatally to DES (10 and 100 micrograms/kg, respectively), independent of the extent of the gross abnormality, the dye readily flowed into the oviduct and filled the ovarian bursa. We conclude that prenatal DES exposure can alter fetal development of the mouse oviduct, resulting in an apparent developmental arrest and functional disruption of the integrity of the uterotubal junction. The fetal like configuration of the ovary, oviduct, and uterus suggests the term developmentally arrested oviduct (DAO). |
Q:
combined legend for a pgfplots layered style plot
Based on a question and the answer I have provided for it; now I have a question about adding legend to a plot which is made by means of the layered feature of the pgfplots.
As far as the legend option is defined in the axis environment; and the layer feature allows to combine multiple separate axis environments like this:
but I can not find a way to add a legend for the whole plot like this:
How can I add a complete legend for the whole pgfplots layer plot.
\documentclass[margin=1mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{statistics}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
declare function={gamma(\z)= 2.506628274631*sqrt(1/\z)+ 0.20888568*(1/\z)^(1.5)+ 0.00870357*(1/\z)^(2.5)- (174.2106599*(1/\z)^(3.5))/25920- (715.6423511*(1/\z)^(4.5))/1244160)*exp((-ln(1/\z)-1)*\z;},
declare function={gammapdf(\x,\k,\theta) = 1/(\theta^\k)*1/(gamma(\k))*\x^(\k-1)*exp(-\x/\theta);},
declare function={cauchypdf(\x,\mu,\gamma) = 1/(pi*\gamma*(1+((\x-\mu)/\gamma)^2));}
]
\pgfplotsset{set layers}
\begin{axis}[
axis y line*=left,
ylabel=Histogram,
every axis y label/.style={rotate=90, blue, at={(-0.15,0.5)},},
ybar,
ymin=0,
yticklabel style={blue},
]
\addplot +[hist] table [y index=0, col sep=comma,row sep=newline] {
data
48
51
48
51
66
0
0
25
31
60
9
43
49
15
22
1
};
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
ylabel style={black},
axis y line*=right,
axis x line=none,
ylabel=PDF's,
every axis y label/.style={rotate=-90, black, at={(1.15,0.5)},},
/pgfplots/every y tick scale label/.style={
at={(1,1)},
above right,
inner sep=0pt,
yshift=0.3em,
},
yticklabel style={black},
legend entries={
$\textbf{Gamma}~\alpha=1.7435~ \beta=21.263$,
$~\textbf{Cauchy}~\sigma=16.1340~ \mu=39.554$
},
legend style={at={(0.5,-0.15)},anchor=north},
ymin=0,
]
\addplot [thick, smooth, domain=0:66, black, mark=square] {gammapdf(x,1.7435, 21.263)};
\addplot [thick, smooth, domain=0:66, red, mark=triangle] {cauchypdf(x,39.554, 16.134)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
A:
You can label each plot and then set the legend as a tikz matrix outside the axis environments.
\documentclass[margin=1mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{statistics}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
declare function={gamma(\z)= 2.506628274631*sqrt(1/\z)+ 0.20888568*(1/\z)^(1.5)+ 0.00870357*(1/\z)^(2.5)- (174.2106599*(1/\z)^(3.5))/25920- (715.6423511*(1/\z)^(4.5))/1244160)*exp((-ln(1/\z)-1)*\z;},
declare function={gammapdf(\x,\k,\theta) = 1/(\theta^\k)*1/(gamma(\k))*\x^(\k-1)*exp(-\x/\theta);},
declare function={cauchypdf(\x,\mu,\gamma) = 1/(pi*\gamma*(1+((\x-\mu)/\gamma)^2));}
]
\pgfplotsset{set layers}
\begin{axis}[
axis y line*=left,
ylabel=Histogram,
every axis y label/.style={rotate=90, blue, at={(-0.15,0.5)},},
ybar,
ymin=0,
yticklabel style={blue},
]
\addplot +[hist] table [y index=0, col sep=comma,row sep=newline] {
data
48
51
48
51
66
0
0
25
31
60
9
43
49
15
22
1
};\label{plots:hist}
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
ylabel style={black},
axis y line*=right,
axis x line=none,
ylabel=PDF's,
every axis y label/.style={rotate=-90, black, at={(1.15,0.5)},},
/pgfplots/every y tick scale label/.style={
at={(1,1)},
above right,
inner sep=0pt,
yshift=0.3em,
},
yticklabel style={black},
ymin=0,
]
\addplot [thick, smooth, domain=0:66, black, mark=square] {gammapdf(x,1.7435, 21.263)};
\label{plots:gamma}
\addplot [thick, smooth, domain=0:66, red, mark=triangle] {cauchypdf(x,39.554, 16.134)};
\label{plots:cauchy}
\end{axis}
% Legend
\matrix[
matrix of nodes,
draw,
anchor=north,
column 1/.style={nodes={anchor=center}},
column 2/.style={nodes={anchor=west}}
] at([yshift=-2.5em]current axis.south)
{
\ref{plots:gamma}&$\textbf{Gamma}~\alpha=1.7435~ \beta=21.263$\\
\ref{plots:cauchy}&$\textbf{Cauchy}~\sigma=16.1340~ \mu=39.554$\\
\ref{plots:hist}&Histogram\\};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
Because of a comment by Iony:
You can use a patch suggested by Ijon Tichy on www.texwelt.de to externalize this tikzpicture:
%%% %http://texwelt.de/wissen/fragen/9476/labels-an-pgfplots/9527 (by Ijon Tichy)
\usepackage{scrlfile}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\newif\if@lateexternal
\newcommand*{\nextwithlateexternal}{\@lateexternaltrue}
\renewcommand*{\@lateexternalfalse}{\global\let\if@lateexternal\iffalse}
% Den Systemaufruf von external so ändern, dass er optional doppelt
% stattfindet: Zunächst wie gehabt unmittelbar und zusätzlich nachdem
% die aux-Datei geschlossen (und sogar neu gelesen) wurde.
\patchcmd\tikzexternal@externalizefig@systemcall@@
{\immediate\write18{\pgf@tempa}}%
{\immediate\write18{\pgf@tempa}%
\if@lateexternal
\begingroup
\protected@edef\reserved@a{%
\noexpand\endgroup
\noexpand\AfterReadingMainAux{%
\noexpand\immediate\noexpand\write18{%
\expandafter\detokenize\expandafter{\pgf@tempa}}%
}%
}%
\reserved@a
\fi
}%
{}%
{\patchFailedError}
% Nun dafür sorgen, dass der Aufruf \nextwithlateexternal nur auf
% den nächsten potentiellen Systemaufruf von external wirkt statt
% auf den nächsten tatsächlichen oder gar alle:
\apptocmd\tikzexternal@externalizefig@systemcall@@
{\@lateexternalfalse}
{}
{\patchFailedError}
\makeatother
%%%
and then \nextwithlateexternal immediately before this tikzpicture environment. Run twice with -shell-escape.
First run:
Second run:
Code:
\documentclass[margin=1mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{statistics}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\usepgfplotslibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize
\tikzsetexternalprefix{external_figs/}
%%% %http://texwelt.de/wissen/fragen/9476/labels-an-pgfplots/9527 (by Ijon Tichy)
\usepackage{scrlfile}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\newif\if@lateexternal
\newcommand*{\nextwithlateexternal}{\@lateexternaltrue}
\renewcommand*{\@lateexternalfalse}{\global\let\if@lateexternal\iffalse}
% Den Systemaufruf von external so ändern, dass er optional doppelt
% stattfindet: Zunächst wie gehabt unmittelbar und zusätzlich nachdem
% die aux-Datei geschlossen (und sogar neu gelesen) wurde.
\patchcmd\tikzexternal@externalizefig@systemcall@@
{\immediate\write18{\pgf@tempa}}%
{\immediate\write18{\pgf@tempa}%
\if@lateexternal
\begingroup
\protected@edef\reserved@a{%
\noexpand\endgroup
\noexpand\AfterReadingMainAux{%
\noexpand\immediate\noexpand\write18{%
\expandafter\detokenize\expandafter{\pgf@tempa}}%
}%
}%
\reserved@a
\fi
}%
{}%
{\patchFailedError}
% Nun dafür sorgen, dass der Aufruf \nextwithlateexternal nur auf
% den nächsten potentiellen Systemaufruf von external wirkt statt
% auf den nächsten tatsächlichen oder gar alle:
\apptocmd\tikzexternal@externalizefig@systemcall@@
{\@lateexternalfalse}
{}
{\patchFailedError}
\makeatother
%%%
\begin{document}
\nextwithlateexternal% <- added
\begin{tikzpicture}[
declare function={gamma(\z)= 2.506628274631*sqrt(1/\z)+ 0.20888568*(1/\z)^(1.5)+ 0.00870357*(1/\z)^(2.5)- (174.2106599*(1/\z)^(3.5))/25920- (715.6423511*(1/\z)^(4.5))/1244160)*exp((-ln(1/\z)-1)*\z;},
declare function={gammapdf(\x,\k,\theta) = 1/(\theta^\k)*1/(gamma(\k))*\x^(\k-1)*exp(-\x/\theta);},
declare function={cauchypdf(\x,\mu,\gamma) = 1/(pi*\gamma*(1+((\x-\mu)/\gamma)^2));}
]
\pgfplotsset{set layers}
\begin{axis}[
axis y line*=left,
ylabel=Histogram,
every axis y label/.style={rotate=90, blue, at={(-0.15,0.5)},},
ybar,
ymin=0,
yticklabel style={blue},
]
\addplot +[hist] table [y index=0, col sep=comma,row sep=newline] {
data
48
51
48
51
66
0
0
25
31
60
9
43
49
15
22
1
};\label{plots:hist}
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
ylabel style={black},
axis y line*=right,
axis x line=none,
ylabel=PDF's,
every axis y label/.style={rotate=-90, black, at={(1.15,0.5)},},
/pgfplots/every y tick scale label/.style={
at={(1,1)},
above right,
inner sep=0pt,
yshift=0.3em,
},
yticklabel style={black},
ymin=0,
]
\addplot [thick, smooth, domain=0:66, black, mark=square] {gammapdf(x,1.7435, 21.263)};
\label{plots:gamma}
\addplot [thick, smooth, domain=0:66, red, mark=triangle] {cauchypdf(x,39.554, 16.134)};
\label{plots:cauchy}
\end{axis}
% Legend
\matrix[
matrix of nodes,
draw,
anchor=north,
column 1/.style={nodes={anchor=center}},
column 2/.style={nodes={anchor=west}}
] at([yshift=-2.5em]current axis.south)
{
\ref{plots:gamma}&$\textbf{Gamma}~\alpha=1.7435~ \beta=21.263$\\
\ref{plots:cauchy}&$\textbf{Cauchy}~\sigma=16.1340~ \mu=39.554$\\
\ref{plots:hist}&Histogram\\};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
|
Animation studio Production I.G announced today that every episode of the upcoming anime Psycho-Pass 3 will be available for international audiences on a different streaming platform. The third season of the popular anime series is set to air in October, when its first episode will be simulcast on Funimation. Hi-Dive announced they have secured the rights to the second episode, and then the third episode will be available exclusively on Hulu.
“Thanks to its rise in popularity and acceptance into the mainstream, there has never been more ways to watch anime!” said Jessica Reimstead of the Consumer Insight Group, a media-focused market research institute based in the United Kingdom. “This level of consumer choice is unparalleled, and is surely to please fans around the world.”
Crunchyroll is set to simulcast episode 4 in coastal U.S. states and on continents whose name begin with a vowel, except for Australia, where episode 4 will be available only on something called “AnimeLab”.
In the United Kingdom and Sweden, episode 5 will only be available on Japanese Niconico accounts belonging to people who have active American Amazon Prime accounts. For the rest of Europe and North America, the episode will be available on eBaum’s World.
The arrangement for the remaining episodes are not fully clear yet, but they are rumored the involve ESPN3, Mixer, YouTube TV, and NyaaTorrents.
Psycho-Pass 3 is expected to finish airing in early January for Japanese viewers. However, overseas fans will have to wait until June of 2020 to see the final episode, which is licensed by Netflix.
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Author Archives: Darin Gantt
The Panthers have shown their willingness to extend players, so long as they’re deemed key parts for the future. So Monday, they added two years to center Ryan Kalil’s deal, the team announced. The five-time Pro Bowl center’s deal was set to expire after this season, but now they have a little more security in…
Veteran defensive end Stephen Bowen has decided to call it a career, after getting far more than anticipated out of that career. According to John Keim of ESPN.com, Bowen announced his retirement after 10 years in the NFL. Originally making it as an undrafted rookie in Dallas, he grew into a steady and productive starter before…
Buccaneers General Manager Jason Licht took some heat for trading into the second round to take a kicker. But part of the reason Licht didn’t mind is that he thought Florida State’s Robert Aguayo was a first-round talent. Then again, Licht’s confident in his drafts as a whole, as he thinks he ended up with three first-rounders…
With rookie deals becoming rote, more and more teams are announcing their signings in bulk. The Giants are the latest, announcing they’ve gotten four of their six picks under contract already. Included in the group are first-round cornerback Eli Apple, second-round wide receiver Sterling Shepard, fifth-round running back Paul Perkins and sixth-round tight end Jerell Adams. Although,…
The Browns made it official Friday with a 117-word press release, or one per headache Johnny Manziel caused them. The team announced they had waived Manziel, which everyone knew was coming from the time they washed their hands of him the week of the Super Bowl. The release was straightforward, with no quotes from anyone…
That sound you hear is greater New England exhaling as one. According to Adam Schefter of ESPN, Patriots quarterback Tom Brady underwent an MRI on his sore right ankle, but it revealed no fractures, just a sprain, and he’s expected to be ready for the playoffs. That’s good news for a guy who was hobbling noticeably… |
IMAX inks new theater deal in Japan
Megascreen producer IMAX Corp. Chief Executive Richard Gelfond smiles next to a poster of Tim Burton's blockbuster "Alice in Wonderland" featuring Johnny Depp during an interview with The Associated Press in Tokyo, Japan, Monday, April 19, 2010. Megascreen theater company IMAX Corp. said Tuesday it
/ AP
Megascreen producer IMAX Corp. Chief Executive Richard Gelfond smiles next to a poster of Tim Burton's blockbuster "Alice in Wonderland" featuring Johnny Depp during an interview with The Associated Press in Tokyo, Japan, Monday, April 19, 2010. Megascreen theater company IMAX Corp. said Tuesday it will expand in Japan _ the latest in a series of international deals inked recently amid growing demand for 3-D movies following the success of science fiction blockbuster Avatar. (AP Photo/Tomoko A. Hosaka)
Megascreen producer IMAX Corp. Chief Executive Richard Gelfond smiles next to a poster of Tim Burton's blockbuster "Alice in Wonderland" featuring Johnny Depp during an interview with The Associated Press in Tokyo, Japan, Monday, April 19, 2010. Megascreen theater company IMAX Corp. said Tuesday it will expand in Japan _ the latest in a series of international deals inked recently amid growing demand for 3-D movies following the success of science fiction blockbuster Avatar. (AP Photo/Tomoko A. Hosaka) (/ AP)
TOMOKO A. HOSAKA, Associated Press Writer
Megascreen theater company IMAX Corp. said Tuesday it will expand in Japan - the latest in a series of international deals inked recently amid growing demand for 3-D movies following the success of science fiction blockbuster Avatar.
The Canada-based company, along with local partner Tokyu Recreation, will add five of its giant 3-D equipped screens in the Japan over the next two years. Since Tokyu opened four IMAX theaters last year, box office receipts have exceeded expectations and convinced the Japanese company to build more.
"Performance has been really strong," said IMAX chief executive Richard Gelfond of the Japanese theaters. "It's probably the strongest start that we've had in any territory in our history."
The deal is part of the IMAX's aggressive expansion, particularly in Asia. Those plans had already been in place last year as the company sought growth and a rebound from losses in 2008.
But then Avatar - and its phenomenal success - came along in December. The film fueled revenues, piqued interest in 3-D worldwide and added momentum to IMAX's expansion.
Avatar, the highest grossing film of all time, also broke global IMAX box office records, bringing in $237 million on 256 screens. The company's biggest hit before the 3-D science fiction epic was the Dark Knight, which made $62 million.
Financial returns for movie theaters were already good, Gelfond said in Tokyo. "But Avatar really put them in another strata."
The agreement in Japan follows a 15-theater deal it signed last month in South Korea, a four-theater deal in France, a single-theater deal in Singapore and an expanded partnership in Russia.
IMAX is even looking to build IMAX screens where there are no theaters. In development is a portable IMAX theater, similar to an inflatable dome, that could be erected in days and seat 450.
The idea holds promise for rural areas, such as in China, or live action sports events in parks, Gelfond said. A prototype should be out by May, with possible launch in September.
The emergence of 3-D televisions also has the company considering how to parlay its success into living rooms.
It may introduce a "very very high-end" 3-D home entertainment system in the future, Gelfond told The Associated Press. It is also working on a project with Sony Corp. and Discovery Communications to launch the first 3-D television channel next year.
"IMAX has been in the 3-D business for 25 years, so we have a fair amount of content in our library," Gelfond said.
The company was originally known for offering educational films in science centers and museums. In 2002, it introduced technology that enabled standard 35mm movies to be digitally converted for its large-format cinemas at a reasonable cost.
An IMAX screen is like high-definition TV for a movie theater. They can be anywhere from 40-feet high such as on 42nd Street in New York to eight-story tall screens in London and Sydney.
As many as 700 people can fit in a single cinema. The technology offers enhanced visual and sound quality for several dollars more than the price of a regular ticket.
The experience appears to be finally worth it for moviegoers, which Gelfond attributes to good storytelling combined with new technology.
"The industry was a little drunk on the idea that you put anything in 3-D and it sells tickets," he said. "The quality of Avatar and its result have hopefully reinforced that it's really about the movie."
The company's revenue jumped 67 percent in 2009, and it rebounded to a net profit of $20.5 million. Its stock is up more than 200 percent over the past year.
Alice in Wonderland is also proving a 3-D hit in Japan, its opening weekend earning about $336,000 on the four existing IMAX screens, surpassing Avatar's first two days in the country. IMAX is in talks with other companies to build more screens besides the five already planned and hopes to eventually reformat Japanese films for its theaters.
Last year, it ventured outside Hollywood productions for the first time when it announced plans to start reformatting mainstream Chinese films for its theaters beginning in July 2010. As part of a deal with one of China's largest film studios, Huayi Brothers, the film "Aftershock" will be the first of three releases at theaters in China.
Worldwide, there are 430 IMAX theaters in 48 countries, with at least 50 more on the way in 2010. Its 3-D film lineup this year includes Shrek Forever After, Toy Story 3 and Tron: Legacy. |
The Next 700 Programming Languages (1965) [pdf] - entelechy
http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/papers/papers-we-love/landin-next-700.pdf
======
al2o3cr
From section 6 (page 160), bottom left:
(c) Indentation, used to indicate program structure. A
physical IswiM can be defined in terms of an unspecified
parameter: a subset of phrase categories, instances of
which are restricted in layout by the following rule called
"the offside rule." The southeast quadrant that just contains
the phrase's first symbol must contain the entire
phrase, except possibly for bracketed subsegments.
Did this invent Python-style significant whitespace?
~~~
pjmlp
Languages with significant whitespace style are older than Python.
~~~
coldtea
Which the parent didn't argue against, only wondered whether this feature was
first described in this paper.
------
nerdponx
I wonder what the author would think of today's Lisps, or languages like
Haskell and Prolog that embrace non-sequential execution, allow you to freely
define infix operators, and have a _where_ syntax.
~~~
rurban
Lisp has the LOOP macro for this kind of nonsense.
~~~
nerdponx
I don't think ISWIM (as I understand it) needs to be "conversational" like
LOOP. List comprehensions, as a direct translation of set-builder notation,
are probably good enough.
LOOP has nothing to do with non-sequential execution, or anonymous scoped
blocks (read: 'where' clauses).
------
remcob
First example:
x(x - k a)
where x = b + 2c
Now imagine ‘+’ and ‘-’ have side-effects, like a log message. What would the
output be? ‘+-’, ‘++-’ or ‘+-+’? Certainly not the ‘-+’ order as they appear
in the code, which is causally impossible.
The paper restricts to pure functions, where this is not an issue. But it does
seem to violate a widely followed implicit rule that lines of code are in
strict causal order, with well-defined explicit exceptions for control flow.
~~~
theoh
I'm not sure "violate" is the right word, given Landin's objectives.
If the where-clause offends you, use a let-clause instead?
------
elvinyung
> A possible first step in the research program is 1700 doctoral theses called
> "A Correspondence between x and Church's λ-notation."
|
Towamencin police have charged a Hatfield man with indecent exposure. Investigators say the incident involving 61-year-old Richard McConnell of Providence Lane happened at General Nash Elementary School in May. The students there were participating in Olympic Day activities and were given water bottles because it was very warm outside. Police say McConnell approached an eleven year old girl and asked her to squirt him. As he did that, police allege McConnell exposed himself. A nine-year-old student also observed the incident and a teacher was told what happened. She confronted the suspect who left the scene in a hurry. The teacher called police but they were unable to make an arrest until Friday. McConnell is being held at Montgomery County Prison in lieu of $250,000 cash bail. |
There are two primary methods for harvesting a cotton crop. The first is by spindle picking where only relatively mature cotton (e.g., at least 60% open boll) is harvested in one or more pickings. Because cotton fibers are generally best at full maturity, spindle picking may harvest some fibers before they have achieved the desired fineness and length. The second is by strip picking where everything is stripped from the plant in a single picking. Strip picking occurs at 100% open boll, i.e., all bolls on the plants in a field are open. Fiber properties are generally at their peak at 100% open boll if only they can be harvested without reducing the crop value.
The presence of leaves on the cotton plants is a major source of crop value reduction. Both spindle and strip picking require that the cotton plants be free of leaves and other vegetative matter at the time of picking. The presence of green leaves can stain the cotton fibers and significantly reduce the crop value since cotton fibers are more difficult if not impossible to dye once stained by chlorophyll. The value of a cotton crop can be reduced as much as 5-10% by staining.
In addition to staining, because its is difficult to avoid harvesting leaves by the strip picking method. A precleaner separation stage can remove most of the burrs and many, but not all, of the leaves. If leaves or pieces thereof enter the gin, the leaves are broken down into very fine pieces that become mixed with the cotton fibers. Even 1 wt % of such vegetative fines may reduce the crop value by as much as 50%. Higher levels make the crop valueless.
The market has responded to the concerns over vegetative contamination of cotton with a variety of harvest aids. There are products available for defoliating cotton plants, enhancing the effects of defoliants, surfactants for assuring adequate contact, and boll openers for accelerating the maturation rate of cotton bolls.
Harvest aids are generally applied as a mixture about two weeks before the cotton is planned to be picked. This two week period may require some careful coordination because some cotton fields may take six weeks to harvest and, depending on the type of picking method used, may require two passes to complete the harvest. Unexpected events, rain or other weather delays, or a lack of adequate planning for the harvest may permit the cotton plants to begin to grow new vegetative matter as well as produce immature squares.
Fruiting sites in cotton are referred to as "squares." Each fruit bearing branch will form three fruiting sites ("squares") with approximately six days between square formations on each branch. New squares and the beginning of reproductive growth in cotton plants are referred to as "pinhead" squares due to their barely visible size. After about three days, the square has grown to about the size of a match head and is a period in the plant cycle referred to as a "match head square." The match head square continues to grow to about the size of an average adult fingernail before blooming ("early bloom"). Three days later, a boll has formed beneath the bloom. Roughly thirty days after early bloom, the product boll is fully mature and ready for harvest.
Regrowth and the production of immature squares pose a problem in effective harvesting and crop management. Regrowth is young, vital vegetative matter that cannot be effectively treated with defoliants. The tissue is too vigorous to succumb to the chemical effects. The conventional method for responding to regrowth is to apply a desiccant (to avoid fiber staining) and pick the cotton despite the dry vegetation accumulated with the cotton. The immature squares are also where weevils overwinter to infest the next crop and reduce its yield.
It would be desirable to have a way of preventing cotton plant regrowth after defoliation that did not materially affect yield or cotton fiber quality.
It would also be desirable to have a means for preventing the development of immature squares to reduce weevil infestation by eliminating sites for overwintering.
In some planting practices, cotton seeds from the harvested cotton are recovered and used for the next crop. It is desirable, therefore, that any treatment to deter regrowth not adversely affect the vigor of seeds from the treated plants. |
There are two important aspects of the problem that we seek to solve. Non-equilibrium transport is a generic formulation of any quasi-particle transport phenomena. As a result, to understand transport in the nanometer scale, for example, in a solar cell where electrons and holes are propagating or in a thermoelectric device where a phonon is propagating or a solid state lighting device where one needs to worry about photon propagation, the same Non Equilibrium formalism will be necessary. Thus the simulation platform that we are developing will be a general one that can be applied to a diverse set of problems.
If successful, this will be the first calculation of electronic transport in presence of lattice vibrations in realistically sized devices including atomistic detail. |
2 Wn. App. 484 (1970)
469 P.2d 974
J.G. WATKINS et al., Respondents,
v.
W.M. PARPALA, Appellant.
No. 58-40709-2.
The Court of Appeals of Washington, Division Two.
April 24, 1970.
William D. Cameron and Williams, Lanza, Kastner & Gibbs, for appellant.
Leon L. Wolfstone, Wolfstone, Panchot, Kleist & Bloch, and Lee J. Campbell, for respondents.
PEARSON, J.
This is an action against defendant dentist, claiming malpractice, in which, following a jury verdict in favor of the defendant, the trial court granted plaintiff a new trial, limited to the issue of damages.
The pertinent facts are as follows. On or about February 1, 1965 plaintiff consulted defendant for the purpose of having her remaining 10 upper teeth extracted and a denture prepared. The procedure was elective in the sense that no immediate emergency existed, although the teeth were irregular, discolored and had some decay.
On February 8, 1965, the four back teeth (two upper left bicuspids and upper left and right second molars) were extracted and on February 25, 1965 the six upper front teeth were extracted. Defendant testified that he placed sulfa in the tooth sockets and sutured the areas of the extracted upper second molars and bicuspids,[1] and advised plaintiff to return for "checkups" which she did during the month of March, 1965.
*486 What occurred at the time of these five or six post-extraction checkups was a matter of conflicting testimony. Plaintiff testified that during several of these checkups she complained to defendant of a peculiar gurgling sensation upon an intake of fluids and a feeling of air in the upper jaw going into her sinus, with a whistling sensation as well as a loss of suction in her mouth. Her version was that defendant advised her to quit complaining and worrying about it. Defendant denies that any of these complaints were made to him prior to the taking of dental impressions on April 1 and 7, 1965. His former dental technician tends to corroborate his testimony in this regard, having been unable to recall any of these unusual complaints.
On April 1, 1965, Dr. Parpala's visual and digital examination revealed to him nothing abnormal with reference to plaintiff's gums and consequently the first of two dental impressions were taken. Plaintiff testified that she made no complaint on that day of the unusual symptoms she continued to experience. The first impression involved the use of a pink mixture known as "Jeltrate." No X rays were taken prior to the impressions. The impression material, in a tray, was pushed firmly against the gums, held there for a time until partially hard, and then removed.
On April 7, 1965, a like impression was taken, using a red material called "Co-oral-ite" and using a special mouth-conforming tray made from a model produced from the "Jeltrate" impression. She experienced a sharp pain upon the withdrawal of the "Co-oral-ite" impression. On April 16, 1965 her denture was ready and two subsequent denture adjustments were made without complaint.
On June 7, 1965, plaintiff telephoned defendant, complaining of swelling, pus drainage, and a repugnant odor from her mouth. She was immediately examined, x-rayed, and referred to Dr. E.Z. Jones, an ear, nose and throat specialist whom she first visited on June 18, 1965. She also consulted Dr. John C. Korvel, a general practitioner, on July 8, 1965, who ordered X rays of her left sinus. These were obtained by Dr. Richard Kegel, a radiologist, on July *487 10, 1965. He thought there might be a "tooth remnant" in the sinus.
Conservative treatment was attempted until September 15, 1965, when Dr. Jones sought consultation with Dr. Paul Osmun, a Seattle ear, nose and throat specialist. On that day Dr. Osmun, assisted by Dr. Jones, surgically removed a foreign substance from plaintiff's left sinus.
The defendant challenges the sufficiency of the identification of this substance. However, our review of the testimony convinces us that there was an issue for the jury, sufficient for them to find that the foreign substance removed by surgery was, in fact, "Jeltrate" impression material (exhibit 13).
Plaintiff's principal theory of liability was that the upper left molar, which was the last of the four molars removed, contained a long root which invaded the left sinus. When the extraction occurred, a portion of the sinus bone and membrane adhered to the extracted root, leaving an air passage (referred to as a "fistula") from the root canal into the sinus. In the exercise of reasonable care, Dr. Parpala knew or should have known that such opening was present at the time the impressions were taken. Dr. Parpala conceded that had he known the passage was not closed, it would not have been proper to proceed with the impressions because of the risk of forcing the material into the sinus opening, with the attending risk of infection. He testified, however, that the only way in which to diagnose the condition (other than visual and digital examinations which he made and which might not disclose it) was by the presence of abnormal symptoms which he testified the patient did not complain about prior to the time the impressions were taken.
In any event, the plaintiff was required to undergo surgical procedures on two later occasions to close the fistula and control the infection. The second surgical procedure was done by an oral surgeon, Dr. George Dore.
Seven expert witnesses were called to testify in addition to the defendant. We have studied their testimony carefully. *488 There was no substantial dispute that the proper standards of dental practice required the closure of the fistula prior to taking the impressions if the presence of the fistula were known to the dentist. There is likewise little dispute that unusual complaints of the patient referred to above having to do with air going from the mouth into the sinus would put the dentist on reasonable notice of the presence of an opening.
The point of disagreement among the experts had to do with whether or not, absent the unusual complaints of the patient, a dentist, exercising reasonable care, should have discovered the fistula prior to taking impressions. The experts appearing on defendant's behalf, namely, Dr. Roy West, Dr. Paul Smith, Dr. Edward Nowak, Dr. Boyd Myers and Dr. Donald Walker, tended to support Dr. Parpala's testimony that a dentist exercising ordinary care could have missed the existence of an opening of sufficient size to allow the impression material to invade the sinus. Dr. David Dore testified that a dentist could not help but see a hole large enough to receive exhibit 13.
There was conflicting expert testimony as to whether or not X rays (which would have shown that the root invaded the sinus) should have been taken prior to extracting the teeth. Some experts felt this was unnecessary, since it was not an uncommon condition and, in any event, the cavity usually fills rapidly and regenerates bone quickly. All experts who were questioned on the subject agreed that the penetration of an impression material into the sinus cavity was a rare, unusual and unexpected occurrence.
Following a jury verdict, the trial court granted plaintiffs a new trial, limited to damages, stating that it had erred in not granting plaintiff's motion for a directed verdict. In its order granting this relief, the trial court stated:
The court does further find and decree that an error in law occurred at the trial duly excepted to by the plaintiffs in that the court should have granted to the plaintiffs a directed verdict on the issue of liability for the reason that the evidence overwhelmingly justified and dictated such a decision upon the part of the court.
*489 We believe the trial court erred in making this ruling and that the evidence we have outlined above presented a clear issue of fact as to defendant's negligence. We think that factual issue concerned the question of whether or not plaintiff made the unusual complaints to the defendant prior to the taking of the impressions, which complaints would have suggested the presence of the fistula. Plaintiff testified that these complaints were made. Defendant denies that they were made and his dental assistant could not recall their being made. We believe the trial judge invaded the jury's province in accepting plaintiff's testimony on the disputed factual issue.
[1] The rule applicable in a case of this kind was stated in Frasch v. Leedom, 62 Wn.2d 410, 414, 383 P.2d 307 (1963).
[A] challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, a motion for dismissal or for directed verdict, or a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict admits the truth of the opponent's evidence, together with all reasonable inferences arising therefrom, and requires a most favorable interpretation thereof. No element of discretion is involved, and such motions can be granted only when the court can say, as a matter of law, there is no substantial evidence to support the opponent's claim. Williams v. Hofer, 30 Wn. (2d) 253, 191 P. (2d) 306; Lambert v. Smith, 54 Wn. (2d) 348, 340 P. (2d) 774; Miller v. Payless Drug Stores of Washington, 61 Wn. (2d) 651, 379 P. (2d) 932.
[2] The rules governing the duty and liability of a dentist to his patient correspond to the rules applicable to physicians and surgeons generally. They are obliged to render the degree of care and skill of average competent practitioners acting in the same or similar circumstances. See Hill v. Parker, 12 Wn.2d 517, 122 P.2d 476 (1942); Pederson v. Dumouchel, 72 Wn.2d 73, 431 P.2d 973 (1967); 83 A.L.R.2d 7 (1962).
Viewing the evidence favorably to the defendant, the issue of whether or not Dr. Parpala complied with the required standards of dental practice was a question for the *490 jury and the trial court erred in granting a judgment notwithstanding the verdict.
Plaintiff argues, however, that a directed verdict would have been justified by application of the doctrine of informed consent. The record does establish that Dr. Parpala did not inform plaintiff of the possibility of a fistula developing with the likelihood of foreign material ingestion into the sinus. Therefore, plaintiff argues, since the procedure was elective, Dr. Parpala was liable for an unauthorized procedure.
[3] The doctrine of informed consent has not been the subject of any Supreme Court decision in this state to date. However, it would logically follow that if a physician, or as in this case, a dentist, must obtain the consent of the patient in order to perform a surgical procedure (see Grannum v. Berard, 70 Wn.2d 304, 422 P.2d 812 (1967)), the consent must be an informed consent with the normal or serious risks of the surgery communicated to the patient. See 75 Harv. L. Rev. 1445 (1962) for a discussion of the development of this theory of liability.
The courts which have recognized this theory of liability, have in general premised it either on negligence in failing to disclose the probable result or assault and battery, in that the failure to disclose the risk renders the consent ineffective. See Watson v. Clutts, 262 N.C. 153, 136 S.E.2d 617 (1964) (negligence); also see Bang v. Charles T. Miller Hosp., 251 Minn. 427, 88 N.W.2d 186 (1958) (assault and battery).
While it could be argued from Grannum, which was a suit grounded in assault and battery, that this court should premise an informed consent theory of liability on intentional tort principles, we are more inclined to view the doctrine in terms of negligence. Where no consent is given, it is logical to infer the intent necessary to ground an action for assault and battery. But where the patient has consented to the procedure and it becomes a question of whether or not the physician (or dentist) has disclosed the risks inherent in the procedure to the patient, it is difficult *491 to view that failure, if any, as an intentional tort. We, therefore, prefer to classify the doctrine in the normal negligence or malpractice area.[2]
In the application of this rule, the California courts impose liability on the physician if he "withholds any facts which are necessary to form the basis of an intelligent consent" Salgo v. Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Bd. of Trustees, 154 Cal. App.2d 560, 578, 317 P.2d 170 (1957), subject only to some discretion where the patient's welfare and apprehension make it undesirable to explain the risk. Expert medical testimony, under the California doctrine of informed consent, is not necessary since the duty to disclose all risks is one imposed by law because of the fiduciary relationship between the physician and his patient.
We think the view disclosed in Watson, and which is described in 75 Harv. L. Rev. 1445, 1448 (1962) is a more reasonable approach and more consonant with efficient, effective medical practice and physician-patient or dentist-patient relationships:
"The duty narrows then, in the average case, to disclosure of dangers peculiar to the treatment proposed and of which it is likely that the patient is unaware. The doctor should have little difficulty in choosing from these the risks that are sufficiently serious and likely to occur as to be essential to an intelligent decision by his patient."
We think the California view of this doctrine imposes too great a burden on the physician and would tend to diminish rather than improve his effectiveness. It might in our judgment inhibit exploratory surgery and it would seem to us to make any form of medical testing or experimentation in rare or new disease situations extremely hazardous for the physician to undertake.
We think the physician or dentist should disclose those risks in the contemplated procedure which he, as a reasonable physician or dentist, should know about, and which the *492 patient does not but should know in order to determine whether to consent to the procedure. See Watson v. Clutts, supra.
[4] Likewise, we think the question of whether or not a particular risk should be disclosed should have the same evidentiary requirements as any other act of malpractice. The standards of disclosure should require some medical testimony unless the disclosure is so obvious that laymen can recognize the necessity of such disclosure. See Douglas v. Bussabarger, 73 Wn.2d 476, 438 P.2d 829 (1968).[3]
In this case, the expert witnesses testified that the unfortunate occurrence was rare; most had never experienced such a result. None testified as to the standards of disclosure. We do not think a verdict could properly have been directed on the lack of informed consent, nor do we believe there was an issue for the jury on this theory of liability.
Next, plaintiff argues that we should uphold a new trial on all issues on the basis of other errors of law, particularly the refusal of the trial court to give several requested instructions. See Worthington v. Caldwell, 65 Wn.2d 269, 396 P.2d 797 (1964).
Two of those instructions, JJ and KK, were premised on a directed verdict and were properly refused for the reasons stated above. Two other instructions, GG and HH, had to do with negligence predicated on a general practitioner's failure to refer his patient to a specialist. There was no medical testimony as to any deviation from such standards and they were properly refused.
Plaintiff's proposed instructions CC, DD, EE, and LL pertained to the duty owed by dentists to their patients. The substance of these instructions was given by the trial court in more objective form.
The order of the trial court granting a new trial is reversed *493 and the case is remanded with directions to enter judgment in accordance with the verdict of the jury.
ARMSTRONG, C.J., and PETRIE, J., concur.
Petition for rehearing denied June 2, 1970.
NOTES
[1] Since the extracted six front teeth are not involved in the claimed malpractice, we will not detail their follow-up treatment.
[2] See Physicians' & Dentists' Bus. Bureau v. Dray, 8 Wn.2d 38, 111 P.2d 568 (1941) where the Supreme Court characterized an unauthorized surgery as "negligence" for the purpose of determining the applicable statute of limitations.
[3] However, where the emotional well-being of the patient is a factor in whether or not disclosure of a particular risk should be made, we believe expert testimony is essential to establish liability of the physician for failing to disclose such risk.
|
This time it's with the Philadelphia Eagles, a rival of the team that drafted him, the New York Giants. Jones was the Giants third round pick in the 2010 draft, but was released this year when he was unable to pass a physical and has been out of football all season. |
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Lynch Mob Mayhem in Ferguson
Two police officers shot -- and a manhunt is underway.
Shortly after midnight Thursday morning, two police officers were shot in front of the Ferguson Police Department. A 41-year -old officer from the St. Louis Police Department was shot in the shoulder, with the bullet exiting through his back. A 32-year-old officer officer from the Webster Groves Police Department was shot just below the right eye with the bullet lodging in his ear. "We could have buried two police officers next week over this,” said St. Louis County Police Chief Jon Belmar.
Police believe the shots came from a handgun fired from approximately 120 yards away, and based on the trajectory of the bullets, it appears the shots were intentionally aimed at the officers. They were part of a 25-man police line at set up at the Ferguson PD headquarters to deal with the latest protest, convened to celebrate Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson’s resignation from the force, and to call for Mayor James Knowles III to follow suit. Jackson will receive nearly $96,000 in annual salary and health coverage following his resignation on Mar. 19. Lt. Col. Al Eickhoff will take over as acting chief until the city completes a nationwide search for a new police chief, the city said in a news release.
And while the protests were winding down for the night, shots suddenly rang out. "We heard, like, a firework--we thought it was a firework--it was loud,” said journalist Bradley Rayford. "You couldn't even see where it was coming from, but you saw the muzzle" flash from up the hill. The bullets went right past my head.”
"We all ducked down” Rayford added. "I saw a cop on the ground, obviously in pain; they had to drag him from the front lines.”
Belmar aptly characterized the incident for what it was. "This is really an ambush," he said. "You are basically defenseless. It is hard to guard against.” When asked if the gunman played any part in the protest, Belmar was diplomatic, saying he was "very confident that whoever did this was there for the wrong reasons,” and that he considered the shooting "an unfortunate association with the gathering.”
One is left to wonder how unfortunate. An video taken at the scene reveals the sound of one shot ringing out as a woman screams in surprise. A second and possibly a third shot is also heard, followed by the sound of someone, presumably one of the wounded officers, moaning in pain. While protestors are fleeing the scene and cops are engaging in an effort to help their fallen comrades another voice is heard. “Acknowledgement nine months ago would have kept that from happening,” declared the unidentified speaker, more than likely referring to the initial incident during which former Ferguson Police Officer Darren Wilson shot and killed Michael Brown last August.
Wilson was cleared of all charges related to that incident by a local grand jury last fall. Wilson was also cleared last week following an investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). And as was the case following a similar investigation of George Zimmerman following his acquittal for shooting Trayvon Martin, the DOJ again cited a lack of evidence as its reason for failing to bring Wilson to trial for civil rights violations.
However while Wilson was exonerated, a second report excoriated the Ferguson Police Department, accusing it of engaging in racially discriminatory policing tactics. that report precipitated the resignation of Jackson, along with city manager John Shaw and the city’s municipal judge, Ronald J. Brockmeyer. The impetus for those resignations was the report’s contention the Ferguson municipal court system acted “not with the primary goal of administering justice or protecting the rights of the accused, but of maximizing revenue.”
Critics of the report note that Holder and company embraced the concept of "disparate impact” in reaching their conclusion. Disparate impact posits that a neutrally-applied policy can be deemed “discriminatory” if its application has an “adverse impact” on members of a “protected class.” In Ferguson this amounted to black Americans accounting for 86 percent of traffic stops in 2013, despite comprising only 63 percent of the population. Hence, black Americans were “unfairly targeted.”
Or were they? As columnist Heather Mac Donald explains, such statistics "are meaningless as a measure of police behavior, unless one considers the underlying rate of traffic offenses. If blacks are disproportionately represented among speeders, red-light runners, and drivers without updated vehicle registration, say, then their higher rate of being stopped simply means that the police are applying the traffic laws neutrally to lawbreakers,“ she writes.
Such disparities are hardly limited to the issuance of traffic tickets. As black columnist Thomas Sowell so ably notes, blacks are overrepresented among NBA stars, relative to their population as are Hispanics in baseball, and Asians at engineering schools. "Statistical disparities between ethnic groups are normal, not evidence of racism,” he explains.
Regardless, Holder is proceeding with his agenda, one in which he’s “prepared to use all the powers” of the federal government against Ferguson, including the complete dismantling of the force. “If that’s what’s necessary, we’re prepared to do that,” Holder warned.
This is the context behind the protests that took place Wednesday night leading into Thursday morning. And despite Jackson’s resignation, the acting head of the DOJ's civil rights division released a statement saying the federal government remains committed to reaching a "court-enforceable agreement" to address Ferguson's "unconstitutional practices," regardless of who's in charge of the city.
As for the contemptible statement heard on the aforementioned video, it was hardly an anomaly. Several tweets expressed support for the would-be cop killers. "After what the Ferguson Police Dep has done does anyone REAAALLY care that three pigs were shot? #NoLOL” stated one. "hopefully they'll be off the street for a long time. two less pigs out harassing & kidnapping people. #Ferguson,” stated another.
Shortly after the shooting police swarmed a home in Ferguson, four blocks west of the crime. Three people, two men and a woman were brought out in handcuffs. It is not known at this time what connection they have to the incident. Both officers have been released from the hospital, although the one shot in the face will have to return for further evaluation some time in the future.
Holder condemned the shooting as "inexcusable and repugnant.” "We wish these injured officers a full and speedy recovery,” he said in a statement. "We stand ready to offer any possible aid to an investigation into this incident, including the department's full range of investigative resources.” President Obama tweeted his statement. "Violence against police is unacceptable. Our prayers are with the officers in MO. Path to justice is one all of us must travel together. -bo,” it read.
St. Louis County Police and the Missouri State Highway Patrol assumed “command of the security detail regarding protests” Thursday at 7 p.m. EST., with Mayor Knowles noting the arrangement will continue "until further notice." St. Louis Police Officers Association head Jeff Roorda called on authorities to restrict further protests to daytime hours. “This is a very volatile situation," Roorda said. "You have outside agitators racing to be here. This isn't safe for police, community or peaceful protesters.”
It hasn’t been safe in Ferguson for quite some time. A throughly discredited “Hands Up, Don’t Shoot” campaign, perpetrated by racial arsonists and their media enablers, led to several instances of rioting, arson, and looting both before and after the grand jury reached its decision not to indict Wilson. In other words, the facts were irrelevant, and as this shooting and subsequent outpouring of support for those who perpetrated this heinous act indicates, they still are for at least some of those involved in the ongoing activism.
Ferguson activist Kayla Reed illuminated the mindset of those who continue to show up on the streets of Ferguson. "We aren't satisfied with this," she referring to Jackson’s resignation. "It's a step in the right direction, but it's not what total justice looks like in Ferguson.”
Reed should be careful about calls for “total justice.” Genuine total justice would also provide for the arrest, vigorous prosecution and incarceration of those who turned Ferguson, MO into a de facto war zone in order to advance an agenda based on a lie. Genuine justice would provide some measure of accountability for a president, an Attorney General and their ally and race-baiter extraordinaire Al Sharpton. Men who, despite all protests to the contrary, bear a large portion of responsibility for the lynch mob mentality they helped foment in Ferguson.
Despite the three arrests, a manhunt remains ongoing. As for limiting the protests to daytime hours, St. Louis County Executive Steve Stenger indicated there are no plans to do so. |
Does standardisation have a role in nanotechnology and medicine?
A look at what nanotechnology means in the context of medical science and what developments are in the pipeline. |
Portions of North Main Street (Route 28) will be closed Thursday for the funeral for Boston officer and Randolph native Dennis “DJ” Simmonds Jr., who was injured during the 2013 shootout with Boston Marathon bombing suspects Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev. He died unexpectedly on April 10 at age 28.
With Wednesday visiting hours and a Thursday funeral set for decorated Boston police officer and Randolph native Dennis Oliver “DJ” Simmonds Jr., Randolph’s police chief says some of the town’s main routes will be closed and detoured at those times.
“We’re expecting 3,000 to 4,000 (mourners),” Chief William Pace said. “That will have quite an impact on traffic.”
Simmonds drew national praise for his bravery during last April’s police chase and shootout in Watertown with Boston Marathon bombing suspects Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev. He suffered serious head injuries when one of the brothers tossed an explosive close to where he was standing. It took him months to recover.
Simmonds, a Randolph High graduate who lived in Hyde Park, was scheduled to receive the National Association of Police Organization’s “Top Cop Award” from President Barack Obama on May 12. He unexpectedly died from a medical emergency while on duty on April 10. He was 28.
The cause of his death hasn’t been determined. He’d been on the Boston force for six years, and last worked with the department’s youth violence strike force. He received the Boston Police’s top honor earlier this year.
With perhaps thousands of police expected to gather to honor Simmonds, Pace said stretches of North Main Street (Route 28) will be closed from 4 to 8 p.m. Wednesday and again from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Thursday.
For Wednesday visiting hours at Cartwright Funeral Home, 419 N. Main St., Pace said the road will be closed between Liberty and West streets. The northbound lanes will be detoured at Pleasant Street onto North Street. Southbound lanes will be re-routed at Liberty Street.
For Thursday’s 11 a.m. funeral at First Baptist Church in Randolph, the northbound lanes of North Main will be closed at West Street, and the southbound lanes at Oak Street. |
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