text stringlengths 8 5.77M |
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Shōken Kamitsukasa
Kamitsukasa Shōken (上司 小剣) (1874 - 1947) was a Japanese novelist and literary critic. Although having initially only primary school education he became a teacher, then joined the editorial staff of Yomiuri Shinbun in 1897, and worked his way up to become chief editor of its literary department until retirement in 1916. He was elected to the Japan Art Academy in 1937. Having begun with stories of local life in Osaka he later took up socialist themes.
His representative short novella of Osaka life is Hamo no Kawa (鱧の皮). This 1914 work, named after a local delicacy still eaten in the Kansai District today, tells of a wife preparing to send the pickled skin of the daggertooth pike conger to her estranged husband in Tokyo as she runs the busy family restaurant.
Translations
Hamo no Kawa was translated into Spanish as: “La piel del hamo" in the multi-author short story collection La sociedad gastronómica y otros cuentos para gourmets (Kappa Bunko, 2016). Hamo no Kawa was translated into English by Andrew Murakami-Smith under the title "The Skin of the Pike Conger Eel" and won the University of Chicago's William F. Sibley Memorial Translation Prize for 2013.
References
Category:1874 births
Category:1947 deaths
Category:20th-century Japanese novelists |
---
abstract: 'Language is a social phenomenon and variation is inherent to its social nature. Recently, there has been a surge of interest within the computational linguistics (CL) community in the social dimension of language. In this article we present a survey of the emerging field of ‘Computational Sociolinguistics’ that reflects this increased interest. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of CL research on sociolinguistic themes, featuring topics such as the relation between language and social identity, language use in social interaction and multilingual communication. Moreover, we demonstrate the potential for synergy between the research communities involved, by showing how the large-scale data-driven methods that are widely used in CL can complement existing sociolinguistic studies, and how sociolinguistics can inform and challenge the methods and assumptions employed in CL studies. We hope to convey the possible benefits of a closer collaboration between the two communities and conclude with a discussion of open challenges.'
author:
- Dong Nguyen
- 'A. Seza Doğruöz'
- 'Carolyn P. Rosé'
- Franciska de Jong
bibliography:
- 'bib.bib'
title: 'Computational Sociolinguistics: A Survey'
---
Introduction
============
Methods for Computational Sociolinguistics {#sec:methods}
==========================================
Language and Social Identity {#sec:identity}
============================
Language and Social Interaction {#sec:interaction}
===============================
Multilingualism and Social Interaction {#sec:multilingualism}
======================================
Research Agenda {#sec:conclusion}
===============
|
#
# File : codeblocks.py
# This file is part of RT-Thread RTOS
# COPYRIGHT (C) 2006 - 2015, RT-Thread Development Team
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
#
# Change Logs:
# Date Author Notes
# 2015-01-20 Bernard Add copyright information
#
import os
import sys
import string
import building
import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
from xml.etree.ElementTree import SubElement
from utils import _make_path_relative
from utils import xml_indent
fs_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
def CB_AddHeadFiles(program, elem, project_path):
building.source_ext = []
building.source_ext = ["h"]
for item in program:
building.walk_children(item)
building.source_list.sort()
# print building.source_list
for f in building.source_list:
path = _make_path_relative(project_path, f)
Unit = SubElement(elem, 'Unit')
Unit.set('filename', path.decode(fs_encoding))
def CB_AddCFiles(ProjectFiles, parent, gname, files, project_path):
for f in files:
fn = f.rfile()
name = fn.name
path = os.path.dirname(fn.abspath)
path = _make_path_relative(project_path, path)
path = os.path.join(path, name)
Unit = SubElement(parent, 'Unit')
Unit.set('filename', path.decode(fs_encoding))
Option = SubElement(Unit, 'Option')
Option.set('compilerVar', "CC")
def CBProject(target, script, program):
project_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(target))
if os.path.isfile('template.cbp'):
tree = etree.parse('template.cbp')
else:
tree = etree.parse(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'template.cbp'))
root = tree.getroot()
out = file(target, 'wb')
out.write('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?>\n')
ProjectFiles = []
# SECTION 1. add "*.c|*.h" files group
for elem in tree.iter(tag='Project'):
# print elem.tag, elem.attrib
break
# add c files
for group in script:
group_xml = CB_AddCFiles(ProjectFiles, elem, group['name'], group['src'], project_path)
# add h files
CB_AddHeadFiles(program, elem, project_path)
# SECTION 2.
# write head include path
if building.Env.has_key('CPPPATH'):
cpp_path = building.Env['CPPPATH']
paths = set()
for path in cpp_path:
inc = _make_path_relative(project_path, os.path.normpath(path))
paths.add(inc) #.replace('\\', '/')
paths = [i for i in paths]
paths.sort()
# write include path, definitions
for elem in tree.iter(tag='Compiler'):
break
for path in paths:
Add = SubElement(elem, 'Add')
Add.set('directory', path)
for macro in building.Env.get('CPPDEFINES', []):
Add = SubElement(elem, 'Add')
Add.set('option', "-D"+macro)
# write link flags
'''
# write lib dependence
if building.Env.has_key('LIBS'):
for elem in tree.iter(tag='Tool'):
if elem.attrib['Name'] == 'VCLinkerTool':
break
libs_with_extention = [i+'.lib' for i in building.Env['LIBS']]
libs = ' '.join(libs_with_extention)
elem.set('AdditionalDependencies', libs)
# write lib include path
if building.Env.has_key('LIBPATH'):
lib_path = building.Env['LIBPATH']
paths = set()
for path in lib_path:
inc = _make_path_relative(project_path, os.path.normpath(path))
paths.add(inc) #.replace('\\', '/')
paths = [i for i in paths]
paths.sort()
lib_paths = ';'.join(paths)
elem.set('AdditionalLibraryDirectories', lib_paths)
'''
xml_indent(root)
out.write(etree.tostring(root, encoding='utf-8'))
out.close()
|
About Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation. Clinton has been described as a New Democrat. Many of his policies have been attributed to a centrist Third Way philosophy of governance. Before becoming president he was the Governor of Arkansas serving two non-consecutive terms from 1979 to 1981 and from 1983 to 1992.
Born and raised in Arkansas, Clinton became both a student leader and a skilled musician. He is an alumnus of Georgetown University, where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Kappa Kappa Psi and earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford. He is married to Hillary Rodham Clinton, who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 and who was a Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009. Both Clintons received law degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the state's education system, and served as Chair of the National Governors Association.
The divide of race has been America's constant curse. Each new wave of immigrants gives new targets to old prejudices. Prejudice and contempt, cloaked in the pretense of religious or political conviction, are no different. They have nearly destroyed us in the past. They plague us still. They fuel the fanaticism of terror. They torment the lives of millions in fractured nations around the world. These obsessions cripple both those who are hated and, of course, those who hate, robbing both of what they might become.
I ask you to join in a re-United States. We need to empower our people so they can take more responsibility for their own lives in a world that is ever smaller, where everyone counts. We need a new spirit of community, a sense that we are all in this together, or the American Dream will continue to wither. Our destiny is bound up with the destiny of every other American.
The real differences around the world today are not between Jews and Arabs; Protestants and Catholics; Muslims, Croats, and Serbs. The real differences are between those who embrace peace and those who would destroy it; between those who look to the future and those who cling to the past; between those who open their arms and those who are determined to clench their fists.
I hope they will say that I did a good job of leading America into a new century, a new millennium, and a whole new way working and living and relating to the rest of the world, that I lifted the American people up. And brought them together.
People can quarrel with whether we should have more troops in Afghanistan or internationalize Iraq or whatever, but it is incontestable that on the day I left office, there were unaccounted for stocks . . . of biological and chemical weapons.
Advances in computer technology and the Internet have changed the way America works, learns, and communicates. The Internet has become an integral part of America's economic, political, and social life. |
History of Hamilton, Ontario
Hamilton, from the point at which it was first colonized by settlers, has benefited from its geographical proximity to major land and water transportation routes along the Niagara Peninsula and Lake Ontario. Its strategic importance has created, by Canadian standards, a rich military history which the city preserves.
Tension between maximizing economic growth and minimizing environmental damage was evident, even from the city's early development. The area between Burlington Bay (also known as Hamilton Harbour) and the Niagara Escarpment has been greatly altered for residential, industrial and recreational purposes. Cootes Paradise in Dundas also known as the Dundas Marsh, was a very rich wetland with plenty of fish, birds and other game. Cootes Paradise was named after Captain Thomas Coote, a British army officer of Irish extraction who was stationed in the area at the time of the American revolutionary war in the 18th century. The richness of the valley led to population, and to degradation of the marsh, although its legal protection, starting in the 1880s, and the efforts of civic officials and others, have led to it still being of great environmental importance in the 21st century.
For about a century after achieving its status as a city in 1846, Hamilton has seen itself in terms of industrial production. It adopted or acquired such nicknames as the Ambitious City, Steel City and the Birmingham of Canada. However, after this period, other sectors of the economy took over and Hamilton became a post-industrial economy but failed to change its image and self-image to match. Here then follows the growth of the Hamilton until the end of the Second World War.
Prior to colonization, Hamilton was occupied by the Chonnonton, or Attiwandaronk, an Iroquois-speaking nation referred to by French explorers as the "Neutral" people. Since then, there have been successive waves of immigration.
Pre-1811
Like most of the Americas south of the water line, the original inhabitants of the Hamilton area were Native North American Aboriginal peoples. The first European to visit what is now Hamilton was probably Étienne Brûlé in 1616. Lasalle also visited the area, a fact commemorated at a park in nearby Burlington.
In pre-became Upper Canada in 1791 and ultimately Ontario in 1867. These included Brant’s Ford (now Brantford) on the Grand River in Brant County south of Hamilton, and Brant’s Block (now Burlington) in Halton County north of Hamilton.
The United Empire Loyalists moved into the Hamilton area during and after the American War of Independence as well, dramatically boosting the population and economic development of the region between the original Upper Canadian capital at Newark (now Niagara-on-the-Lake) and the new one at York (now Toronto). This was to prove crucial, for the fighting between the United States and Britain was not yet over.
Administratively, the whole area was part of the Nassau District, which was renamed the Home District in 1792. Additionally, parts of the area were separately incorporated into the West Riding of York County and First Riding of Lincoln County. In 1798, most of the future Hamilton became part of Niagara District while remaining in Lincoln County.
1812-1844
The town of Hamilton was conceived by George Hamilton when he purchased the Durand farm shortly after the War of 1812. Nathaniel Hughson, a property owner to the north, cooperated with George Hamilton to prepare a proposal for a courthouse and jail on Hamilton's property. Hamilton offered the land to the crown for the future site. James Durand, the local Member of the British Legislative Assembly, was empowered by Hughson and Hamilton to sell property holdings which later became the site of the town. As he had been instructed, Durand circulated the offers at York during a session of the Legislative Assembly and a new Gore District was established of which the Hamilton town site was a member. As such, Hamilton's future seemed to be shaped by a private collaboration of Hamilton, Hughson and Durand.
Initially the Town of Hamilton was not the dominant center of the Gore District. A permanent jail was not constructed until 1832 when a cut-stone design was completed on one of the two squares created in 1816, Prince's Square. Subsequently, the first police board and the town limits were defined by statute on February 13 of 1833.
After simmering treaty and border disputes finally erupted into the War of 1812, the Hamilton area again became a strategic area. In 1813, the British regulars and Canadian militia defeated invading American troops at the Battle of Stoney Creek which was fought in what is now a park in eastern Hamilton. Burlington Heights, adjacent to the grounds of present-day Dundurn Park and Castle, was also a site commanding the entry to Burlington Bay.
George Hamilton, a settler and local politician, established a town site in the northern portion Barton Township after the war in 1815. He kept several east–west roads which were originally Indian trails, but the north–south streets were on a regular grid pattern. Streets were designated "East" or "West" if they crossed James Street or King’s Highway No. 6. Streets were designated "North" or "South" if they crossed King Street or King’s Highway No. 8.
Gore Park, whose western boundary is King and James Streets, formed the public square for the new settlement and has remained the centre of the city ever since. The original plot of land set aside for the courthouse has had four different buildings erected on it. It was only supplanted as the court site by a move across the street in the 1990s as part of an architectural preservation project for the Post Office and Dominion Public Building.
Gore District of Upper Canada and Wentworth County were created in 1816, with Mr. Hamilton’s settlement as the seat for both. The county’s original constituent townships included the following, the territory of which became part of the amalgamated Hamilton in 2001: Ancaster (later a town), Barton, Binbrook (later one half of Glanbrook), Glanford (later the other half of Glanbrook) and Saltfleet (later the town and city of Stoney Creek). Seneca and Brant Townships were also original constituents of the county but later became part of Haldimand County and Brant County, respectively.
During the first half of the 19th century, Mr. Hamilton’s settlement in Barton Township steadily increased status at the expense of Dundas. Growth was aided in 1810 by a channel cut to link Burlington Bay directly with Lake Ontario, thus improving its marine transportation. George Hamilton’s settlement was incorporated as a police village in 1833. In comparison, the Desjardins Canal to Dundas was at best an incomplete success. The physical structures, with living interpreters, of these pioneer days are preserved at Westfield Heritage Centre.
As railway fever raced across North America, Hamilton prematurely got in the act with the promotion of various paper lines in the 1830s. This included Allan Napier MacNab’s Hamilton and Port Dover Railway which, although chartered in 1835, did not actually lay any track until the mid-1850s under a different corporate name. MacNab completed Dundurn Castle, his stately home, in 1835. A boy soldier in the War of 1812, he led Gore militia to crush insurgents in the Rebellion of 1837 for which he was knighted the following year.
1845-1866
Official City status was achieved on June 9, 1846.
As a result of municipal reorganization of Wentworth County, Caistor Township (earlier and later part of West Lincoln) was briefly added in 1845. Hamilton received its city charter in 1846. Seneca, Onondaga and Caistor Townships were removed from the administration of county and replaced with three others from Halton County: Beverly, East Flamborough and West Flamborough (which were amalgamated as the Town of Flamborough 1974-2000).
Hamilton City Council was based on a board of control, which effectively meant an executive committee of at-large city councillors controlled the city government. Mayors were short-term figureheads who changed mostly on practically an annual basis. The same year Hamilton became a city, Robert Smiley and a partner began publishing ‘’The Hamilton Spectator and Journal of Commerce".
As MacNab completed his two years as the premier of the united Province of Canada, the newly renamed Great Western Railway became Hamilton’s first functioning railway in 1854. Completion of this railway and the Niagara Suspension Bridge transforms Hamilton into a major centre and part of the American immigration route from New York City or Boston to Chicago or Milwaukee. Over two hundred miles of distance was saved travelling through what was then called CANADA WEST. However, because of the different gauge or width between the American and Canadian tracks, passengers had to switch trains at both Niagara Falls, then known as Clifton as well as at Detroit. The GWR’s maintenance and marshalling yards were located in Hamilton, and the city got its first taste of the steel industry as it re-rolled rails imported from Britain. Unfortunately, in 1857, 57 passengers were killed when a train derailed near the Desjardins Canal.
Not content with this relatively minor operation, dozens of small workshops and craftsmen banded together to smelt steel rather than just mill steel. Easy access to limestone from the Niagara Escarpment, coal mined in Appalachia, iron ore mined from the Canadian Shield and export markets through the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence system made Hamilton an important iron and steel producing city.
Other industrial ventures conducted in the Ambitious City (a phrase adopted by ‘’The Spectator" from detractors in Toronto) and Birmingham of Canada included manufactured tobacco, beer and other consumer products. It also became a centre for the textile industry, which did not die out completely until the 1950s.
Long before the Royal Military College of Canada was established in 1876, there were proposals for military colleges in Canada. Staffed by British Regulars, adult male students underwent a 3-month-long military course from 1865 at the School of Military Instruction in Hamilton. Established by Militia General Order in 1865, the school enabled Officers of Militia or Candidates for Commission or promotion in the Militia to learn Military duties, drill and discipline, to command a Company at Battalion Drill, to Drill a Company at Company Drill, the internal economy of a Company and the duties of a Company's Officer. The school was not retained at Confederation, in 1867.
1867-1892
When the Dominion of Canada was created in 1867, Hamilton was an enthusiastic partner in the bold new political enterprise and preached the joys of the British Empire. The city was represented in the House of Commons by one seat for the city proper and two for the remainder of the county (Wentworth South and Wentworth North).
Growing commercial and industrial prosperity prompted large scale emigration from the British Isles. Many Irish immigrants created a Corktown in the general vicinity of John and Hunter Streets. Patriotic Britons and native born Canadians of British stock erected many public monuments downtown to honour John A. Macdonald, Queen Victoria and the United Empire Loyalists. More people meant more demand for services and information. In 1874, the Hamilton Street Railway (HSR) began offering horse-drawn public transportation.
Robert Smiley, the founding publisher of The Spectator, sold the newspaper to William Southam in 1877 as the first link in the Southam newspaper chain. A unified and paid Hamilton Fire Department, replaced the numerous volunteer fire companies in 1879, led by fire chief Alexander Aitchison.
The Hamilton area was also intimately connected with the early history of the telephone. While staying at his parents’ Brantford home in neighbouring Brant County, Alexander Graham Bell conceived of the idea of the telephone in 1874 and made the first experimental long distance call to Paris, Ontario in 1876. The following year, retired Baptist minister Thomas Peter Henderson become the first General Agent for the telephone business in Canada. In 1878, the first telephone exchange in the British Empire was opened in Hamilton by Hugh Cossart Baker, Jr. On May 15, 1879 Hugh Cossart Baker Jr. makes Hamilton the site of the first commercial long distance telephone line in the British Empire.
More workers and new immigrants encouraged a nascent trade union movement among skilled craftsmen. Hamilton unionists and other working-class people gave birth in 1872 the Nine Hour Movement, urging the government to limit working hours to nine per day.
A more modest but still unstable railway boom marked the last part of the 19th century too. The Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway was incorporated in 1884, and by 1892 offered limited cargo service and ultimately passenger service. Electrical railways which sporadically linked Hamilton with Grimsby, Beamsville, Brantford and Oakville were established the following decade.
1893-1905
Modernization and business consolidation often went hand in hand with unionization. The HSR converted to electrically powered vehicles in 1892. In keeping with the area’s reputation, the firefighters unionized in 1896.
As it was absorbed by Hamilton Electric Light and Power Company in 1899, HSR workers joined Division (now Local) 107 of the predecessor of the current Amalgamated Transit Union.
But it was definitely not all work and no play for local residents. In 1894, Hamilton Herald newspaper and cigar store owner Billy Carroll established the Around the Bay Road Race. The route circumnavigates Burlington Bay and, although it is not a proper marathon, it is the longest continuously held long distance foot race in North America. It was won by such sporting greats as William "Billy" Sherring, Tom Longboat and Sam Mellor.
Adelaide Hoodless and other founded the first Women’s Institute in Saltfleet Township (Stoney Creek) in 1897 and began her educational campaign for home economics. A year after she died in 1910, one of Hamilton’s many new schools was named in her honour.
Hamiltonians, like other residents of the colonies, discovered one of the darker sides of British Imperialism when the South African War broke out in 1899. Men from Wentworth County and other Canadians volunteered to serve in the Canadian Mounted Rifles or North-West Mounted Police contingents. Although they excelled at the bitter guerrilla war there against the Boers, its conclusion in 1902 served as an omen for the future.
Ernest D’Israeli Smith, after being frustrated by paying to have his fruit transported from the Stoney Creek area, had founded a company in 1882 to market directly to wholesalers and eliminate the middleman. Smith & Sons Ltd. continues operating today, and has since the early 20th century has sold manufactured preserves and jams. Its namesake founder served as the Conservative MP for Wentworth around the start of the 20th century.
By the end of the 19th century, symbolically marked by the death of Queen Victoria in the first days of the 20th century, Hamilton expanded to the approximate limits of the Mountain Brow to the south, Chedoke Creek to the west and Gage Avenue to the east.
Through natural increase and immigration, the urban Hamilton-rural Wentworth population balance shifted so much that in 1904 the federal ridings were redistributed. While the total number of MPs remained the same, two were now from the city proper (Hamilton East and Hamilton West) and one represented the rest of the county.
1906-1918
Hamilton had a momentous year in 1906: local boy Billy Sherring won an Olympic gold medal at Athens for the marathon. The Amalgamated Transit Union struck against the HSR in a bitter labour dispute. The working class voters of Hamilton East, sympathetic to the ATU, elected Allan Studholme as their Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. For years he stood as the lone labour representative in the legislature, championing the eight-hour day, workmen's compensation, the minimum wage and women's suffrage.
The steel industry continued to grow and finally consolidate through this period, some combining to form the Steel Company of Canada in 1910 and others Dominion Steel Casting Company in 1912. Stelco and Dofasco, as they became colloquially and then legally known, were located in the north end to take advantage of the transportation and cooling opportunities provided by access to the water. Industrial waste from the industries along the waterfront led to Hamilton Harbour becoming heavily polluted with industrial waste.
The infant science of aviation found early and enthusiastic supporters in Hamilton. Jack Elliot established an airport in the north end near Stelco which in 1911 hosted the first Canadian Air Meet. Pioneering aviator J.A.D. McCurdy won that contest, sponsored in part by the newly minted Hamilton Automobile Club (now CAA South Central Ontario).
Emigration continued from Britain and the United States (chiefly blacks) during this period as local museums show, but also began from other countries such as Italy and Austria-Hungary. Remarkably, thousands of Italian Hamiltonians are descendants of emigrants in this period from a single Sicilian town, commemorated by the dual naming of Murray Street as Corso Raculmuto.
Increased population and prosperity prompted a building boom. As a publicity stunt and raffle, workers and contractors built a house in a day in 1913 which was later featured in a Ripley’s Believe It or Not cartoon. The same year, the Hamilton Public Library opened its new building funded by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. (The site was renovated and now houses the Family Court.)
Hamiltonians participated in the First World War as combatants, but due to Col. Sir Sam Hughes' mobilization plans for the Canadian Expeditionary Force, there were no major battles associated purely with Hamiltonians. The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry later perpetuated the battle honours of four of these consecutively numbered Overseas Battalions of the CEF.
Heavy industry boomed as the Canadian and British governments' war driven demands for steel, arms, munitions and textiles increased. Unfortunately, in their quest to expand, the twin steel giants damaged the land by infilling Hamilton Harbour and burying or diverting many creeks which formerly flowed into the bay. War profiteering by manufacturers dampened some of the mood, but generally Hamiltonians pulled together.
1919-1938
The Great War was a somber affair, but post-war dream seemed secure in the Roaring Twenties. The United Farmers of Ontario won the most seats in the 1919 provincial election and formed a coalition government with the Independent Labour Party. Walter Rollo, Member of the Legislative Assembly for Hamilton West, became the first Ontario Minister of Labour in this government.
The Hamilton Board of Education resumed its ambitious building program for schools. Their names often honoured the memory of war veterans: Memorial School, Allenby School and Earl Kitchener School. The educational building boom was coupled with a residential housing boom in which hundreds of low-rise apartment buildings, of three to four stories and six to ten units, grew up across the city, especially in the east end.
Higher education—disregarding its normal school or teachers college—arrived in Hamilton in 1930. McMaster University was founded in Toronto as a Baptist institution of higher learning. Funded by a bequest of Senator William McMaster in 1887, it was in danger of becoming absorbed by the University of Toronto. Hamilton’s municipal government, civic boosters and ordinary residents lured the university to the city with grants of land and money in 1930. Not only did McMaster preserve its independence, but it began publishing The Silhouette student newspaper, now an award-winning weekly broadsheet.
Local boosters also ensured that Hamilton hosted the inaugural Empire Games, now known as the Commonwealth Games in 1930. Amateur athletes from around the British Empire and Commonwealth gathered to compete at Hamilton Civic Stadium, the current site of Ivor Wynne Stadium as a result of the efforts of Melville Marks Robinson.
The Great Depression of the 1930s hit Hamilton hard. The simultaneous and prolonged decline in domestic consumption and international trade in finished industrial goods and building supplies put a stop to residential and institutional construction for a decade. It was in this context of privation that Dr. Elizabeth Bagshaw started her illegal birth control clinic in 1931.
Emotional relief from the Depression was found in the Washingtons, local brothers who performed as a blues quartet throughout Ontario. Practical relief was found in government works projects designed to prime the economy and which added to the long-term attractiveness of Hamilton.
Thomas B. McQuesten, a Hamilton lawyer, alderman, and MLA, served as minister of transportation and chairman Niagara Parks Commission from 1934 to 1943. He spearheaded the construction of the Queen Elizabeth Way, a controlled access highway which links Fort Erie with Toronto via Hamilton, and the Mountain access for Highway 20 in Stoney Creek. He founded Royal Botanical Gardens, seeing the institution through from an early concept in the 1920s to incorporation and staffing in the 1940s. Whitehern, his downtown family home, now serves as a civic museum.
1939-1945
As war clouds gathered over Europe, Britain decided to shore up its support in the Dominions by having a royal visit to Canada. When King George VI and his consort Queen Elizabeth visited Canada in May and June 1939, they stopped in Hamilton and also opened up the QEW.
Hamiltonians like others in Canada and the world welcomed the spike of economic demand caused by the Second World War but not its source. Heavy industry again began spewing out its pollutants, and by the end of the war the ecological cost of pollution had taken its toll on Hamilton: heavy metals made fish from the Hamilton Harbour inedible, air pollution made breathing difficult and industrial dumps contaminated land.
Unlike the First World War, in this war the Canadian Army mobilized its territorially recruited militia units as a body rather than soliciting individuals to serve in conglomerated units. Men of the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (colloquially known as the Rileys) and the rest of the 2nd Canadian Division were mobilized early, but sat on their hands in Britain for two years. The Hamilton area was also active in the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF): the city proper sponsored 424 "Tiger" Squadron by buying bombers to equip it.
On the home front, the public not only eagerly followed the progress of the war, but they also got a chance to see airmen in action. In 1940, as part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, the Royal Canadian Air Force established a station in Glanford Township. Hundreds of Commonwealth pilots and other aircrew were trained at RCAF Station Mount Hope, and some unfortunate ones are still buried there.
The army’s enforced idleness—disregarding their unsuccessful foray to France in May 1940 and disastrous defence of Hong Kong in December 1941—led to discontent in the army, the public and the government. In this atmosphere, the timing was ripe for Lord Louis Mountbatten’s ill-advised and unauthorized raid-in-force. The Rileys lost hundreds of its young men on a single day in 1942, when they were effectively wiped out as a fighting force at Dieppe.
When the war finally ended, Hamilton was a much different place. Women had permanently entered the paid workforce. The lean times of the Great Depression were over—and veterans were going to make sure that happened.
Notable people from Hamilton prior to 1946
People associated with Hamilton who became well-known prior to 1946 are listed below in the order of their birth year.
Étienne Brûlé, (1592–1633), The first European to visit what is now Hamilton was probably Étienne Brûlé in 1616.
Robert Land, (1736–1818), veteran of the American Revolution and one of Hamilton's founding citizens.
John Askin, (1739–1815), was a fur trader, merchant and official in Upper Canada.
Nathaniel Hughson, (1755–1837), Farmer & hotel owner, Loyalist who moved to Canada following the American Revolution, one of the city founders of Hamilton.
William Rymal, (1759–1852), farmer and one of earliest settlers on the Hamilton mountain. Rymal Road was named after him.
Richard Beasley (1761–1842), was a soldier, political figure, farmer and businessman in Upper Canada.
John Vincent, (1764–1848), British army officer in the Battle of Stoney Creek, War of 1812.
Richard Hatt (1769–1819), was a businessman, judge and political figure in Upper Canada.
James Gage, (1774–1854), Lumber merchant, miller. Gage Avenue in the city named after him.
James Durand, (1775–1833), was a businessman and political figure in Upper Canada.
John Willson, (1776–1860) was a judge and political figure in Upper Canada.
Peter Hess, (1779–1855), farmer, landowner. Peter and Hess Streets in the city named after him as well as Caroline Street named after one of his daughters.
George Hamilton, (1788–1836), settler and city founder.
Henry Beasley, (1793–1859), was a farmer and office-holder.
Sir Allan MacNab, (Sir Allan Napier MacNab), (1798–1862), soldier, lawyer, businessman, knight and former Prime Minister of Upper Canada. MacNab Street in Hamilton is named after him.
Thomas Stinson, (1798–1864), merchant, banker, landowner. He was an extensive landowner in not only in Hamilton but as well as Chicago, St. Paul, Minnesota, and Superior City, Wisconsin, which he named.
George Perkins Boothesby Bull, (1795–1847), newspaper printer, publisher of one of Hamilton's early newspapers The Hamilton Gazette (1835–1856).
Edward Jackson, (1799–1872), tinware manufacturer. Jackson Street in city named after him.
Peter Hunter Hamilton, (1800–1857), landowner and businessman + half brother of city founder George Hamilton. Hunter Street in city named after him.
Peter Jones, (1802-1856), known in Ojibwe as Kahkewāquonāby; Son of Augustus Jones and Tuhbenahneequay, Indigenous Methodist missionary and Chief of the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation, born on the Burlington Heights.
Colin Campbell Ferrie, (1808–1856), Hamilton's first Mayor.
Isaac Buchanan, (1810–1883), was a businessman and political figure in Canada West.
Daniel C. Gunn, (1811–1876), wharfinger, locomotive manufacturer.
James Jolley, (1813–1892), saddler, harnessmaker, politician. Funded construction of the Jolley Cut; a Mountain access road in Hamilton.
John Rae, (1813-1893), physician, explorer. Discovered fate of the Lost Franklin Expedition; lived in Hamilton 1857–1860.
Colin Campbell Ferrie, (1808–1856), Hamilton's first Mayor.
Dennis Moore, (1817–1887), tinware manufacturer.
Hugh Cossart Baker, Sr., (1818–1859), Banker, businessman, mathematician. Establishes the first life insurance company in Canada (21 August 1847); the Canada Life Assurance Company.
Richard Wanzer, (1818–1900), sewing machine manufacturer.
Thomas Mayne Daly, Sr., (1827–1885), was a businessman and political figure in Canada West (later Ontario). He represented the riding of Perth North in the House of Commons of Canada and in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
Thomas Bain, (1834–1915), Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons.
Richard Butler, (1834–1925), editor, publisher, journalist. Butler neighbourhood in Hamilton named after him.
George Elias Tuckett, (1835–1900), Tuckett Tobacco Company, Hamilton's 27th mayor.
James McMillan, (1838–1902), was a U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan from 1889 to 1902.
William Eli Sanford (1838–1899), was a Canadian businessman, philanthropist, and politician.
George Washington Johnson, (1839–1917), teacher and songwriter; author of poem When You and I Were Young, Maggie, later turned into a song.
Sir John Morison Gibson, (1842–1929), lawyer, politician, businessman.
Clementina Trenholme, (1844–1918), Clementina (Fessenden) Trenholme, author, social organizer. Also, mother of Reginald Fessenden, the radio pioneer. Had two neighbourhoods on the Hamilton Mountain named after her, Trenholme and Fessenden neighbourhoods.
Hugh Cossart Baker, Jr., (1846–1931), businessman, telephone pioneer.
William W. Cooke, (1846–1876), was a military officer in the United States Army during the American Civil War and the Black Hills War. He was the adjutant for George Armstrong Custer and was killed during the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Buried in Hamilton Cemetery.
Allan Studholme, (1846–1919), stove maker and first Ontario Labour MLA.
Campbell Leckie, (1848–1925), engineer. Leckie Park neighbourhood in Hamilton named after him.
Sir William Osler, (1849–1919), 1st Baronet, the Father of Modern Medicine.
Robert B. Harris, (1852–1933), businessman who established The Hamilton Herald newspaper in 1889.
E. D. Smith, (1853–1948), farmer, businessman and politician.
James Balfour, (1854–1917), architect, Canada Life Assurance Company building at corner of King & James (1883), City Hall on corner of James & York (1888).
Robert Kirkland Kernighan, (1854–1926), poet, journalist. Kernighan neighbourhood in Hamilton named after him.
Robert Stanley Weir, (1856–1926), lawyer, poet, author, best remembered as the author of the English lyrics to O Canada.
Charles S. Wilcox, (1856–1938), First president of Iron and Steel Company of Canada, (later called simply Stelco), which was formed from five companies, including his Hamilton Steel and Iron Company.
Sir John Strathearn Hendrie, (1857–1923), was Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1914 to 1919.
Adam Inch, (1857–1933), dairy farmer, politician. Inch Park neighbourhood in Hamilton named after him.
Andrew Ross, (1857–1941), businessman, builder of Tivoli Theatre & Barton Street Arena.
Adelaide Hoodless, (1858–1910), education and women’s activist.
John Moodie Jr., (1859–1944), executive, hobbyist, drove first automobile in Canada in 1898; a one-cylinder Winton he imported from Cleveland, Ohio.
Thomas Willson, (1860–1915), Canadian inventor, designed and patented the first electric arc lamps.
Sydney Chilton Mewburn, (1863–1956), was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He was the Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence from October 12, 1917 - January 15, 1920, under Sir Robert Borden's Union Government in 1917.
John Charles Fields, (1863–1932), was a Canadian mathematician and the founder of the Fields Medal for outstanding achievement in mathematics. the Fields Medal, is considered by some to be the Nobel Prize in Mathematics.
Helen Gregory MacGill, (1864–1947), the first woman in British Columbia to be appointed a judge of the juvenile Court, a post she held for 23 years.
Julia Arthur, (1868–1959), was a Canadian-born stage and film actress.
Walter Rollo, first Ontario minister of labour.
John M. Lyle, (1872–1945), Canadian architect in the late 19th century; New York Public Library (1897), Royal Alexandra Theatre, in Toronto (1907), Union Station (Toronto) 1914–1921.
Clifton Sherman, (1872–1955), founded Dominion Foundries and Steel (later called Dofasco) in 1912 (with his brother Frank Sherman), creating a giant that would bring prosperity and identity to the city.
Jean Adair, (1873–1953), actress. Although she worked primarily on stage (sometimes billed as Jennet Adair), she made several film appearances late in her career, most notably as one of the misguided murdering aunts of Cary Grant in Arsenic and Old Lace.
Charles William Bell, (1876–1938), Playwright, Politician and Rocco Perri's Lawyer.
Florence Harvey, (1878–1968), Golf, Ontario Ladies Amateur Champion 1904, 1906, 1913, and 1914. Canadian Ladies Champion in 1903 and 1904. Founded and served on the executive of the Canadian Ladies Golf Association. Member of Canada's Golf Hall of Fame.
William Sherring, (1878–1964), was a Canadian athlete, gold medal winner of the marathon race at the 1906 Summer Olympics.
Elizabeth Bagshaw, (1881–1982), physician and birth control activist.
John Christie Holland, (1882–1954), In 1924, became an ordained Minister and served as Pastor of Hamilton's Steward Memorial Church. The church has been designated an historic site by the Ontario government because its solid history and connection to the infamous Underground Railroad. 1953 was honored as Citizen of the Year in Hamilton, the first African Canadian to be given that recognition.
Robert Kerr, (1882–1963), was an Irish-Canadian sprinter. He won the gold medal in the 200 metres and the bronze medal in the 100 metres at the 1908 Summer Olympics.
Thomas Baker McQuesten, (1882–1948), lawyer and Ontario minister of transportation.
Rocco Perri, (1887–1944), 1920s Gangster. 'King of the Bootleggers'.
Frank Sherman, (1887–1967), Founded Dominion Foundries and Steel'' (later called Dofasco) in 1912 (with his brother Clifton Sherman), creating a giant that would bring prosperity and identity to the city.
Harry Crerar, (1888–1965), was a Canadian general and the country's "leading field commander" in World War II.
Besha Starkman, (1889–1907), Criminal. Rocco Perri's wife and partner in crime. ("the Brains")
Douglass Dumbrille, (1889–1974), was an actor and one of the Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood.
James Lyle Telford, (1889–1960), was mayor of Vancouver, B.C., from 1939 to 1940.
Florence Lawrence, (1890–1938), Hollywood's first movie star.
Dick Irvin Sr., (1892–1957), NHL hockey player. Former head coach of Toronto Maple Leafs & Montreal Canadiens.
Del Lord, (1894–1970), was a film director and actor best known as a director of Three Stooges films. (Grimsby Ontario)
Helen Kinnear, (1894–1970), was a Canadian lawyer. She was the first federally appointed woman judge in Canada.
Frank O'Rourke, (1894–1986), ex-pro MLB baseball player and long time New York Yankees scout.
Cecil "Babe" Dye, (1898–1962), NHL hockey player, NHL's top goal scorer of the 1920s, inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1970.
Harold A. Rogers, (1899–1994), was the founder of Kin Canada, is a Canadian non-profit service organization that promotes service, fellowship, positive values, and national pride.
George Owen, (1901–1986) was a pro hockey defenceman for the Boston Bruins of the NHL.
Robert McDonald, (1902–1956), was a Canadian soccer player from the 1920s and 1930s who spent a decade playing for famous Scottish football club Rangers.
John Foote, (1904–1988), military chaplain and Ontario cabinet minister. Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross.
George Klein, (1904–1992), often called "the most productive inventor in Canada in the 20th century"; electric wheelchairs, microsurgical staple gun, the ZEEP nuclear reactor and the Canadarm.
Red Horner, (1909–2005), ex-pro hockey player, helped Toronto Maple Leafs win their first Stanley Cup in 1932.
Ray Lewis, (1910–2003), Track & Field, first Canadian-born Black Olympic medalist.
Jackie Callura, (1914–1943), Canadian featherweight Boxer, World featherweight champion 1943.
Harold E. Johns, (1915–1998), was a Canadian medical physicist, noted for his extensive contributions to the use of ionizing radiation to treat cancer.
Jackie Washington, (1919-2009), blues musician and railway worker.
Joe Krol, (1919-2008), Canadian Football quarterback (1932–53), Lou Marsh Trophy winner as Canada's top athlete in 1946.
Syl Apps, (1915–1998), Legendary Toronto Maple Leafs captain who led the Leafs to 3-Stanley Cups. McMaster University Alumni. (Paris Ontario).
Win Mortimer, (1919–1998), was a comic book and comic strip artist for the DC Comics superhero Superman.
Leo Reise Jr., (1922-2015), retired NHL hockey defenseman. 494-games played in the 1940s & 1950s for Detroit, Chicago and NY Rangers.
John Callaghan, (1923–2004), Canadian cardiologist who pioneered open-heart surgery.
See also
Economic History of Hamilton, Ontario
History of Ontario
List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Hamilton, Ontario
List of royal visits to Hamilton, Ontario
Timeline of events in Hamilton, Ontario
References
External links
Historical documentation
Many other websites contain some photographs and other documentation, but these sites contain primarily these.
Canadian Souvenir View Albums (Hamilton, Ontario)
Cultural Landmarks of Hamilton Wentworth
Federated Women’s Institutes of Ontario
Postcards from Hamilton's Past
Vintage Postcards of Hamilton, Ontario
HistoricalHamilton.com, A Historical Photographic Tour of Hamilton's Past
"When You and I Were Young, Maggie", lyrics to George Johnson's song
Miscellaneous links
Map.Hamilton.ca
Ancaster Old Mill
Hamilton in The Canadian Encyclopedia
Haunted Hamilton
Hamilton's Dark History Walk : Ghost Walks
Category:History of Hamilton, Ontario |
4-PBA reverses autophagic dysfunction and improves insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue of obese mice via Akt/mTOR signaling.
4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) has been considered as a key regulator of insulin resistance in obesity. However the mechanism of 4-PBA involved in insulin resistance remains elusive. We evaluated the effect of 4-PBA on abnormal autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in obese mice. 4-PBA was administered in obese mice and adipocyte models, and metabolic parameters, autophagy markers, ER stress indicators, Akt/mTOR signaling and insulin signaling molecular were assessed. 4-PBA treatment not only reversed autophagic dysfunction and ER stress, but also improved impaired insulin signaling in tunicamycin-induced adipocytes, and 4-PBA also inhibited activated ER stress and elevated insulin sensitivity in adipocytes with Atg7 siRNA. Additionally, administration of 4-PBA improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese mice via regulating abnormal autophagy and ER stress in adipose tissue. The protective effects of 4-PBA were nullified by suppression of Akt and mTOR in adipocytes, suggesting that 4-PBA inhibits autophagy and restores insulin sensitivity via Akt/mTOR signaling partially. 4-PBA reverses autophagic dysfunction and improves insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue of obese mice via Akt/mTOR signaling partly, which could be regarded as novel opportunities for treatment of insulin resistance. |
Q:
I m trying to link the img modal box to the img i m clicking at but it wont work
I managed to make a bootstrap3 modal box as a img slider to my thumbnails.
the only leftover problem i have is that if i click on a img it the slider always begins SOMEWHERE.. not at the img i clicked on.
Please Help me!!!
Here's my code:
<div class="container"data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal">
<div class="row">
<h1>Zeichnungen</h1>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><a title="Image 1" href="#"><img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/1.jpg"></a></div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><a title="Image 2" href="#"><img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/2.jpg"></a></div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><a title="Image 3" href="#"><img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/3.jpg"></a></div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><a title="Image 4" href="#"><img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/4.jpg"></a></div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><a title="Image 5" href="#"><img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/5.jpg"></a></div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><a title="Image 6" href="#"><img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/6.jpg"></a></div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><a title="Image 7" href="#"><img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/7.jpg"></a></div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-4 col-xs-6"><a title="Image 8" href="#"><img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/8.jpg"></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
`
<!-- Modal-->
<div class="modal fade" id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" style="display: none;" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div id="modalCarousel" class="carousel">
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="item" title="Image 1">
<h3 class="modal-title">Image 1</h3>
<a href="#" title="Image 1"><img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/1.jpg"></a>
</div>
<div class="item " title="Image 2">
<h3 class="modal-title">Image 2</h3>
<a href="#" title="Image 2">
<img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/2.jpg">
</a>
</div>
<div class="item" title="Image 3"><h3 class="modal-title">Image 3</h3>
<a href="#" title="Image 3">
<img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/3.jpg">
</a>
</div>
<div class="item" title="Image 4"><h3 class="modal-title">Image 4</h3>
<a href="#" title="Image 4">
<img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/4.jpg">
</a>
</div>
<div class="item" title="Image 5"<h3 class="modal-title">Image 5</h3>
<a href="#" title="Image 5">
<img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/5.jpg">
</a>
</div>
<div class="item" title="Image 6"<h3 class="modal-title">Image 6</h3>
<a href="#" title="Image 6">
<img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/6.jpg">
</a>
</div>
<div class="item" title="Image 7"<h3 class="modal-title">Image 7</h3>
<a href="#" title="Image 7">
<img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/7.jpg">
</a>
</div>
<div class="item" title="Image 8"<h3 class="modal-title">Image 8</h3>
<a href="#" title="Image 8">
<img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/8.jpg">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<a class="carousel-control left" href="#modaCarousel" data-slide="prev"><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left"></i></a>
<a class="carousel-control right" href="#modalCarousel" data-slide="next"><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right"></i></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Modal end-->`
A:
To have the thumbnails link to an image within the slideshow, you'll have to link those thumbnails with the data attributes for the modal target and the slide it should reference. Documentation here: http://getbootstrap.com/javascript/#carousel
Example:
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-4 col-xs-6">
<a title="Image 3" href="#" data-target="#myModal" data-slide-to="2">
<img class="thumbnail img-responsive" src="Zeichnungen/3.jpg">
</a>
</div>
|
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package info.xiancloud.nettyhttpserver.http.handler.inbound;
import info.xiancloud.core.util.LOG;
import info.xiancloud.core.util.thread.MsgIdHolder;
import info.xiancloud.nettyhttpserver.http.bean.Request;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
/**
* The last inbound handler
*
* @author happyyangyuan
*/
public class ReqSubmitted extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Request> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Request msg) throws Exception {
LOG.info(">>>>>>>>>>>> 请求已提交给业务层,释放httpRequest的buffer引用并清空$msgId");
MsgIdHolder.clear();
}
}
|
Q:
Very slow connection to SQL Server 2005 only if using ADO.NET with SqlClient
I have a brand new server with Windows 2008 Server 64 bit + SQL Server 2005 Standard Edition SP3.
When I try to open a connection to this server from a client in the same domain (Windows XP, .Net 3.5), it takes around 20 seconds to open the connection.
After opening the connection, everything is fast as usual.
When using a MDAC 2.8 connection, or ADO.NET OleDb, there is no problem at all.
How can I find the reason for the slow connection?
A:
The problem was the firewall running on the server. I added an exception for port 1433 and the problem was gone.
Possible explanation: maybe when using OLEDB the connection tries Name Pipes first, bypassing the firewall rules.
|
Richard Belzer
Richard Jay Belzer (born August 4, 1944) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, and author. He is best known for his role as BPD Detective, NYPD Detective/Sergeant and DA Investigator John Munch, whom he has portrayed as a regular cast member on the NBC police drama series Homicide: Life on the Street and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, as well as in guest appearances on a number of other series. He portrayed the character for 23 years from 1993 to 2016.
Early life and education
Belzer was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, the son of Frances and Charles Belzer, a tobacco and candy retailer. He grew up in a Jewish family. He described his mother as frequently physically abusive, and declared that his comedy career began when trying to make his mother laugh in order to distract her from abusing him and his brother. After graduating from Fairfield Warde High School, Belzer worked as a reporter for the Bridgeport Post.
Belzer attended Dean College, which was then known as Dean Junior College, in Franklin, Massachusetts, but was expelled. He worked at a variety of jobs, including sales and as a census taker.
Career
Stand-up
After his first divorce, Belzer relocated to New York City, moved in with singer Shelley Ackerman, and began working as a stand-up comic at Pips, The Improv, and Catch a Rising Star. He participated in the Channel One comedy group that satirized television and became the basis for the cult movie The Groove Tube, in which Belzer played the costar of the ersatz TV show "The Dealers."
Belzer was the audience warm-up comedian for Saturday Night Live and made three guest appearances on the show between 1975 and 1980. He also opened for musician Warren Zevon during his tour supporting the release of his album Excitable Boy.
Film
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Belzer became an occasional film actor. A short skit of a younger Richard Belzer can be found on Sesame Street season 1, episode 1 when two young men attempt a picnic and boat ride, only to be thwarted by a dog who eats their food. He is noted for small roles in Fame, Café Flesh, Night Shift, and Scarface. He appeared in the music videos for the Mike + The Mechanics song "Taken In" and for the Pat Benatar song "Le Bel Age", as well as the Kansas video "Can't Cry Anymore". He appeared in A Very Brady Sequel as an LAPD detective.
Radio
In addition to his film career, Belzer was a featured player on the National Lampoon Radio Hour with co-stars John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Bill Murray, Gilda Radner, and Harold Ramis, a half-hour comedy program aired on 600 plus U.S. stations from 1973 to 1975. Several of his sketches were released on National Lampoon albums, drawn from the Radio Hour, including several bits in which he portrayed a pithy call-in talk show host named "Dick Ballentine".
In the late 1970s, he co-hosted Brink & Belzer on 660AM WNBC radio in New York City. He has been a frequent guest on The Howard Stern Show.
Following the departure of Randi Rhodes from Air America Radio, Belzer guest-hosted the afternoon program on the network.
Belzer has been a regular guest on the right-wing radio show of Alex Jones, and appeared on the episode covering the Boston Marathon bombing where he referred to the bombing as a false flag event.
Television
In the 1990s, Belzer appeared frequently on television. He was a regular on The Flash as a news anchor and reporter. In several episodes of Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, he played Inspector William Henderson.
He followed that with starring roles on the Baltimore-based Homicide: Life on the Street (1993–1999) and the New York–based Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (1999–2013), portraying police detective John Munch in both series. Barry Levinson, executive director of Homicide, said Belzer was a "lousy actor" in audition when he read lines from the script for "Gone for Goode", the first episode in the series. Levinson asked Belzer to take time to reread and practice the material, then read it again. At his second reading, Levinson said Belzer was "still terrible", but that the actor eventually found confidence in his performance.
In addition, Belzer has played Munch in episodes on seven other series and in a sketch on one talk show, making Munch the only fictional character to appear on eleven different television shows played by a single actor. These shows were on six different networks:
Homicide: Life on the Street (NBC)
Law & Order (NBC)
The X-Files (Fox)
The Beat (UPN)
Law & Order: Trial by Jury (NBC)
Belzer's appearance on Trial by Jury, which aired April 15, 2005, made him the third actor ever to play the same character in six different prime time TV series. The other two actors are John Ratzenberger and George Wendt, who played Cliff Clavin and Norm Peterson, respectively, in Cheers (1982–93); St. Elsewhere (1985); The Tortellis (1987); Wings (1990); The Simpsons (1994); and Frasier (2002).
Arrested Development (Fox)
The Wire (HBO)
30 Rock (NBC)
The characters are watching a Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode; a scene shot for 30 Rock
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (NBC)
Jimmy Kimmel Live! (ABC)
Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt (Netflix), in which he played a John Munch-like character on a fictional Law & Order spinoff.
In March 2016, executive producer Warren Leight announced Belzer would return to reprise the role in a May 2016 episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, titled "Fashionable Crimes".
Belzer portrayed Det. Munch for 22 consecutive seasons on Homicide (7 seasons) and Law & Order: SVU (15 seasons), which exceeded the previous primetime live-action record of twenty consecutive seasons held by James Arness (who portrayed Marshal Matt Dillon on Gunsmoke from 1955 to 1975) and Kelsey Grammer (as Dr. Frasier Crane on Cheers and Frasier from 1984 to 2004).
Belzer appeared in several of Comedy Central's televised broadcasts of Friars Club roasts. On June 9, 2001, Belzer himself was honored by the New York Friars Club and the Toyota Comedy Festival as the honoree of the first-ever roast open to the public. Comedians and friends on the dais included Roastmaster Paul Shaffer; Christopher Walken; Danny Aiello; Barry Levinson; Robert Klein; Bill Maher; SVU costars Mariska Hargitay, Christopher Meloni, Ice-T, and Dann Florek; and Law & Order Jerry Orbach. At the December 1, 2002, roast of Chevy Chase, Belzer said, "The only time Chevy Chase has a funny bone in his body is when I fuck him in the ass."
Belzer voiced the character of Loogie for most of the episode of South Park titled "The Tooth Fairy Tats 2000". He and Brian Doyle-Murray were featured in the tenth-season premiere of Sesame Street.
Author
Belzer believes there was a conspiracy to assassinate President John F. Kennedy and has written four books discussing conspiracy theories: UFOs, JFK, and Elvis: Conspiracies You Don’t Have to Be Crazy to Believe; Dead Wrong: Straight Facts on the Country’s Most Controversial Cover-Ups; Hit List: An In-Depth Investigation into the Mysterious Deaths of Witnesses to the JFK Assassination; and Someone Is Hiding Something: What Happened to Malaysia Airlines Flight 370? Dead Wrong and Hit List were written with journalist David Wayne and reached The New York Times Best Seller list. Someone Is Hiding Something was also written with David Wayne as well as radio talk show host George Noory. Belzer's long-time character, John Munch, is also a believer in conspiracy theories, including the JFK assassination.
Personal life
Belzer's first two marriages were to Gail Susan Ross (1966–72) and boutique manager Dalia Danoch (1976 – c. 1978), both of which ended in divorce. In 1981 in Los Angeles he met 31-year-old Harlee McBride, a divorcee with two daughters, Bree Benton and Jessica. McBride, who had been seen in Playboy magazine four years earlier in that year's sex-in-cinema feature, in conjunction with Young Lady Chatterley, was appearing in TV commercials for Ford motors and acting in free theater, when she met Belzer at the suggestion of a friend. The two married in 1985.
Belzer survived testicular cancer in 1983. His HBO special and comedy CD Another Lone Nut pokes fun at this medical incident as well as his status as a well-known conspiracy theorist.
On March 27, 1985, days prior to the inaugural WrestleMania, Belzer requested on his cable TV talk show Hot Properties that Hulk Hogan demonstrate one of his signature wrestling moves. After being asked by Belzer several times, Hogan put Belzer in a front chin-lock, which caused Belzer to pass out. When Hogan released him, Belzer hit his head on the floor, sustaining a laceration to the scalp that required a brief hospitalization. Belzer sued Hogan for $5 million and settled out of court. He used the incident in his HBO special Another Lone Nut as part of his stand-up routine.
Belzer's older brother, Leonard Belzer (age 73) committed suicide in the early morning hours of July 30, 2014, by jumping from the roof of the New York City luxury apartment building in which he had resided. Belzer’s father had also committed suicide in 1968.
Belzer moved to live in the ourskirts of Paris in a town called Bozouls following his being written out of SVU.
Filmography
Television
Books
UFOs, JFK, and Elvis: Conspiracies You Don't Have to be Crazy to Believe,
How to Be a Stand-Up Comic,
I Am Not a Cop!,
I Am Not a Psychic!,
Dead Wrong: Straight Facts on the Country's Most Controversial Cover-Ups,
Hit List: An In-Depth Investigation into the Mysterious Deaths of Witnesses to the JFK Assassination,
Someone Is Hiding Something: What Happened to Malaysia Airlines Flight 370?,
References
External links
NBC Biography
Category:1944 births
Category:20th-century American comedians
Category:21st-century American comedians
Category:20th-century American male actors
Category:21st-century American male actors
Category:American conspiracy theorists
Category:American male film actors
Category:American male television actors
Category:American stand-up comedians
Category:American television talk show hosts
Category:Connecticut Democrats
Category:Dean College alumni
Category:Jewish American male actors
Category:Jewish comedians
Category:Living people
Category:Male actors from Bridgeport, Connecticut
Category:Male actors from Connecticut
Category:Testicular cancer survivors
Category:Writers from Bridgeport, Connecticut |
The home studio environment can be incredibly sophisticated these days, very much capable of recording, editing, mixing your tracks to a high standard in the comfort of your own tailored musical space. I would like to present some ways of optimizing the home studio environment and ensuring that it is as productive and good sounding as can be.
If there is one area which will provide multiple benefits it is acoustic treatment of walls, corners and ceiling. Basic acoustic treatment can ensure both your recordings and mixes are better. Acoustic treatment does not come across as one of the most interesting of purchases for the home studio but you will hear the benefits on every recording and mix.
Initially it is wise to tame the early reflections from the side walls relative to your monitoring position. This can be done with acoustic foam tiles (10cms thick ideally) and also Rockwool/Owens Corning type products (a 1m x 1m sized placement would be a good starting point). Once this is installed you could also consider a ceiling cloud which is a similar construct but attaches to the ceiling between yourself and your monitors. This is a great way to improve the focus and accuracy of the stereo image when mixing. Bass traps are more bulky and often neglected due to their size but you can make good improvements by straddling corners of the room with slabs of Owens corning or Rockwool type products. A basic frame can be prepared to hold the slabs and they can be covered in fire retardent studio fabric. With acoustic accuracy comes more focused recordings, a more natural and even tonal balance and mixes that will translate better to other playback systems.
Most home studios will have a set of monitoring speakers, the positioning of the speakers has a direct impact on the quality of sound you hear. Ideally you should create an equilateral triangle with your head and the 2 speakers at each of the 3 corners (including your head). Try to align the tweeter at ear height on a robust set of speaker stands.
Speaker stands give your monitors a non resonant anchor point which can focus the sound and reduce resonances that can blur the stereo image and add unrelated sonic information to what you hear. If it is not possible to use stands then purchase neoprene (soft rubber) mounts or a sheet so that you have provided some basic isolation from any desk or shelving that your monitors are placed on. If at all possible try and locate your monitors away from the corners of the room and also try and bring them into the room 0.5meters as opposed to being close to the wall. This reduces ‘bass tip up’ / ‘boundary effect’ which can reduce the accuracy of the low frequency response of the speaker. This is especially true of rear firing reflex loaded speakers. (that have a bass reflex port towards the rear of the speaker panel)
Having a good quality condenser mic will always be a useful addition to any home studio equipment inventory, this type of microphone is very versatile and produces a crisp, clear and well rounded sound for vocals and spoken word. They also perform very well on acoustic instrumentation such as acoustic guitars. An indispensable studio addition, if you select a model with pad switches you can even record sources that produce high SPL signals and use a pair for example for drum overheads. Ensure your mic preamp arrangements can provide 48 volt phantom power before investing.
These days disk space is fairly cheap and most sound cards can record at 24 bit, this is highly recommended. It allows you to record your audio signals at a lower level (peak at -14dBFS) and yet still retain very high fidelity compared with 16 bit recordings. This usually means less distortion as well because the electronics in mic preamps and mixers is less heavily driven creating a cleaner less distorted sound. Distortion is to be avoided at all costs in the home studio, you can always add controlled amounts after the recording has been made but it is virtually impossible to remove once unintentional distortion has been created at the point of recording.
One very useful and often overlooked addition to a home studio is the use of a small, single source mono speaker with a focus on the mid range. In professional studios it is common to see a single small sized speaker as well as near field monitors. This type of speaker was most commonly known as an Auratone as this was the company which historically manufactured them. Avantone now make a modern version and I suggesting using just one and routing your mono summed mix down to the speaker from time to time. This allows you to check mono sum compatibility and also provides a ‘no messing around’ mid range check. These type of speakers despite their simplicity allow you to get a very clear picture of whether your vocals sit right and whether your snare and other mid range elements are well balanced. All reproduction systems play mid range and so it is a critical area of the mix to get right.
Another tool of great value is an SPL meter. (Sound pressure level meter) Realistic and Adastra make a basic analog model which allows you to see in decibels the level that you are monitoring the music at. This allows you to aim towards the 80dB SPL ideal where the human ears response naturally even out (read up on the “Fletcher Munson curves”). In addition it allows you to see what your daily exposure is to sound levels and ensure you protect your all important hearing by keeping exposure within safe limits. (Check out your local authorities recommendations online)
And finally analog warmth is a much talked about quality when working with digital audio. If you have some nice analog equipment thats great but if not, all is not lost when it comes to making warm recordings and mixes. Warmth is a subjective term but most people agree that subdued high frequencies contribute to a subjectively warm sound. Try experimenting with some analog emulations in software form. (EQ’s and compressors) There are many great analog emulations available as software plug ins. In addition you could try some tape saturation plug ins and do not hesitate to use the humble low pass filter or high shelf to cut excessive high frequencies to produce a smoother and less harsh sound. A great tip is to add a low cost ribbon microphone to your gear list and use it as a supplementary microphone when recording any given source. When blended in with your main mic choice you can produce a more mellow and rounded sound which can produce the desired warmth at mix down time.
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Clinical implication of CD166 expression in salivary gland tumor.
CD166 is a glycoprotein of immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion molecules which is overexpressed in many tumors. However, no published literature was found concerning CD166 expression in salivary gland tumor. The purpose of this study was to examine the CD166 expression in the salivary gland tumor by an immunohistochemical approach, to examine the clinical implication of this marker in the prognosis and diagnosis of the salivary gland tumor. In this study, 45 samples of salivary tumors from Khalili Hospital archive including 15 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 16 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 14 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 15 normal salivary glands were selected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) method staining for CD166. CD166 immunoreactivity in malignant tumors (adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC)) (56.7 ± 14.05) was significantly higher than that of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) (34.3 ± 17.07) (P < 0.000) and higher in the PA than normal salivary gland (13.2 ± 12.1) (P = 0.001). CD166 expression was significantly higher in the high-grade tumors (90.3 ± 11.07) compared to low-grade (65.11 ± 27.08) malignant tumors (P = 0.002). CD166 expression showed a significant association with tumor size and the clinical stage (P < 0.001). In conclusion, an overexpression of CD166 was detected in the benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and its expression in the malignant tumor was associated with the aggressive behavior and tumor progression. For this reason, CD166 may be one of the potential biomarkers for predicting tumor behavior in the prognosis of this disease. |
Q:
How to convert from a JSON array to a JSON object
I have this JSON that I'm getting back from a web service call:
{
"name": "My Name",
"path": "my path",
"id": "44",
"type": "my type",
"classes": "my classes"
},
{
"name": "his Name",
"path": "his path",
"id": "76",
"type": "his type",
"classes": "his classes"
}
I then need to convert it to this format
{
"44" : { "name" : "My Name", "path" : "my path" },
"76" : { "name" : "his Name", "path" : "his path" }
}
My initial naive attempt was this:
var myData = [];
for (var i = 0; i < rawData.length; i++) {
myData.push({
rawData[i].id :
{
"path": rawData[i].path,
"name": rawData[i].name
}
});
which fails with syntax errors, so I eventually got to this:
var myData = [];
for (var i = 0; i < rawData.length; i++) {
myData.push(rawData[i].id,
{
"path": rawData[i].path,
"name": rawData[i].name
});
and it mostly works. My array is populated, but the problem is that my myData array doesn't have the "44", and "76" part of the object, just the { "name" : "", "path" : "" } part. I expect this is due to a lack of understanding on my part of how JSON and javscript objects work.
A:
Your desired output isn't an array, so that's your starting point. The output you've said you want is an object, not an array.
You build your result by creating a blank object and then adding the objects to it using id as the key:
var myData = {};
rawData.forEach(function(entry) {
myData[entry.id] = {
name: entry.name,
path: entry.path
};
});
Or if you don't want to use forEach (it's ES5, but can be shimmed for older browsers), the old-fashioned way:
var myData = {};
var index, entry;
for (index = 0; index < rawData.length; ++index) {
entry = rawData[index];
myData[entry.id] = {
name: entry.name,
path: entry.path
};
}
|
Q:
Using python lime as a udf on spark
I'm looking to use lime's explainer within a udf on pyspark. I've previously trained the tabular explainer, and stored is as a dill model as suggested in link
loaded_explainer = dill.load(open('location_to_explainer','rb'))
def lime_explainer(*cols):
selected_cols = np.array([value for value in cols])
exp = loaded_explainer.explain_instance(selected_cols, loaded_model.predict_proba, num_features = 10)
mapping = exp.as_map()[1]
return str(mapping)
This however takes a lot of time, as it appears a lot of the computation happens on the driver. I've then been trying to use spark broadcast to broadcast the explainer to the executors.
broadcasted_explainer= sc.broadcast(loaded_explainer)
def lime_explainer(*col):
selected_cols = np.array([value for value in cols])
exp = broadcasted_explainer.value.explain_instance(selected_cols, loaded_model.predict_proba, num_features = 10)
mapping = exp.as_map()[1]
return str(mapping)
However, I run into a pickling error, on broadcast.
PicklingError: Can't pickle at 0x7f69fd5680d0>:
attribute lookup on lime.discretize failed
Can anybody help with this? Is there something like dill that we can use instead of the cloudpickler used in spark?
A:
Looking at this source, it seems like you have no choice but to use the pickler provided. As such, I can only suggest that you nest dill inside of the default pickler. Not ideal, but it could work. Try something like:
broadcasted_explainer = dill.loads(sc.broadcast(dill.dumps(loaded_explainer)).value)
Or you might try calling the Dill extend() method which is supposed to add Dill datatypes into the default pickle package dispatch. No idea if that will work but you can try it!
|
This invention relates generally to a method of making a filter for removing particulates and, more specifically, to making a lattice-structure filter for removing particulates that can allow for regeneration.
To address tightening diesel-engine-emissions regulations being adopted in the United States and Europe, attention has focused on basic improvements in the design and performance of filters for treating diesel exhaust gases. In such a filter device, the filter traps particulates from an exhaust and, when the amount of particulate matter accumulated on the filter reaches a predetermined value, in order to burn and remove the particulate matter during a regeneration process, the temperature of the filter is increased to, for example, 600° C. or more. This regeneration temperature can be decreased to as low as approximately 300° C. if a catalyst is utilized.
Additionally, NOx formation from methane combustion in gas-turbine electric power plants is becoming a significant environmental concern. Uniting these two technical problems is the fact that both be addressed through the use of state-of-the-art, in-line ceramic filters/supports providing an appropriate catalytic function. However, these are extremely demanding applications. An in-line catalyst support or filter in a high velocity, high temperature, and corrosive gaseous stream must have a large surface area to volume ratio; a high permeability for low pressure drop; high strength and/or low thermal expansion; high temperature corrosion resistance; and high trapping efficiency (for filters). Similarly, the catalyst must be very active, as well as thermally and chemically stable over a broad range of thermal and chemical conditions.
Joining all of these attributes in one package is challenging. Cordierite traps have been extensively investigated, including a two-stage diesel particulate trap that uses a primary converter to produce excess NO2 and a secondary trap to capture and “burn” the soot, using the NO2 as the oxidant. However, impurities from fuel and engine oil induce rapid corrosion of the cordierite trap. Failure within a short time period can occur. Manufacturers of large diesel engines, who eventually will warranty these filter systems, must consider all aspects of the long-term performance of any filter and filter material. A catalytic system that directly utilizes air/oxygen for soot combustion, is not deactivated by components of the particulates, and that is stable over years of thermal cycling is elusive. An ideal catalyst would lower the combustion temperature of soot from about 550° C. to at least 300-350° C. (typical of diesel exhaust). The combustion rate must be as great as the trapping rate to maintain constant pressure drop across the filter. Noble metal catalysts have potential, but are becoming ever more expensive, making the costs prohibitive for larger engines. Complex mixed-phase catalysts have shown promise for soot combustion, but the temperatures to maintain a constant pressure drop are too high (370° C.). Also, the best catalysts of this type are molten at the operating temperature, raising questions about migration of the active components and their long-term viability.
Pressure drop is also a concern for diesel particulate trap design and can heavily influence fuel economy. Soot which enters porous cordierite walls during filtration imparts an immediate pressure drop increase from a clean filter (2 KPa or 0.3 psi) to 10.5 KPa (1.5 psi), inducing a soot filter cake to form. The soot filter cake can then increase the backpressure to over 14 KPa (2.0 psi), increasing until regeneration can occur.
A filter system is required that can meet the described performance requirements. The filter system must be designed to have the necessary heat, flow, and mass transfer characteristics and must be capable of being fabricated with desired materials in a desired three-dimensional structure. |
Optical biosensors to analyze novel biomarkers in oncology.
Many cancer types are characterized by poor survival and unpredictable therapy response. Easy-to-perform molecular analyses may help patient stratification and treatment tailoring. Several integrated devices have been proposed to overcome current analysis equipment limitations. They offer improved sensitivity and easy availability of parallel detection. Particularly, unlabelled optical biosensors combine the manifold advantages of integrated sensors (e.g. easy handling, portability and low-volume requirement) with detection of target molecules in their original form. Here, we review integrated optical biosensor current features, and discuss their possible application to the detection of protein variants from body fluids, with particular regard to histone modifications. Indeed, histone post-translational modifications are a set of epigenetic markers frequently deregulated in cancer. Available technology does not allow a comprehensive analysis of all histone modifications in a single patient. Thus, label-free optical biosensors may pave the way to the discovery and detection of a novel class of biomarkers in oncology. |
Q:
The optimal way to reverse engineer a binary classification problem
I am not sure if this question is more suitable for CS, theoretical CS or math so feel free to improve the description and migrate it.
In a scenario very similar to popular binary classification machine learning contests, competitors are required to submit their answers to the test set containing N data points. The accuracy of the submission will be announced. The competitors can then submit a new answer, and the new accuracy will always be published, no matter improved or not.
If the competitor has no information about the test set at all, what is the optimal way (in the sense that the least submissions are needed) to crack the challenge?
A:
Your problem is tackled in Vaishampayan, Query Matrices for Retrieving Binary Vectors Based on the Hamming Distance Oracle. Vaishampayan relates this problem to one considered in Lev and Yuster, On the size of dissociated bases, and the upshot (if I understand things correctly) is that a random test set of size $O(N/\log N)$ (for an appropriate hidden constant) would do if you don't care about carrying the decoding procedure efficiently. Vaishampayan describes a more structured solution using $o(N)$ tests which can be implemented efficiently.
|
// Copyright (c) Open Enclave SDK contributors.
// Licensed under the MIT License.
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
#include <ftw.h>
#include <unistd.h>
static int do_delete(
const char* path,
const struct stat* sb,
int tflag,
struct FTW* ftwbuf)
{
switch (tflag)
{
case FTW_D:
case FTW_DNR:
case FTW_DP:
rmdir(path);
break;
default:
unlink(path);
break;
}
return (0);
}
int recursive_rmdir(const char* path)
{
// DFS depth is set to 64.
return nftw(path, do_delete, 64, FTW_DEPTH);
}
|
Sharing stories from within the walls of my home; encouraging discourse on the wider world outside them.
Mass
A few weeks ago I resolved to mark my third year of blogging (the anniversary of which is this coming week, I think?) by taking 30 minutes each day to write and by posting on the blog at least three times per week. I’ve mostly succeeded. I think I’ve written almost every day, though a couple were such blurs of activity that I’m pretty sure they were left off. I did the thrice-weekly posting for the first two weeks, but this week I’m likely only fitting in two.
Oh well! On we march. The whole point of that little promise I made to myself was to exercise my writing muscle, so to speak, and I’m doing that.
Being the weekend and all, I have my mind on lazy mornings and delicious coffee, and I’m thinking about what I would say to you if we were sitting down together for coffee.
First
I think I would mention this post and how some people seem to have gotten the impression that I had lost my cool with my son and was therefore writing from a place of regret.
(Now imagine me laughing while looking a little embarrassed.)
Um… if you think that was me losing my cool, you are far too generous. I promise that I am capable of some truly outrageous meltdowns. Like, spittle and popping veins outrageous. Once I was so mad I even had to go outside to run laps across the backyard.
So that post? That was just me recognizing the opposing tugs a parent feels while administering a punishment. And being decently comfortable that (in that one particular situation) I’d dealt with it the right way.
Next
I’d remember that I never updated anyone on how my children behaved at Mass last Sunday. The verdict? I mostly got off easy. My second son turned out to still be too ill to be taken to church, so he stayed home with Daddy. As did the toddler, because… toddler. So I was left with the five-year-old and the baby. And it all went fine except for the two minutes in which the baby spat up all down her front and the boy exclaimed, “She exploded!”
Then
I’d probably complain about being really, really tired of having somebody in the house sick for, like, two months straight. Currently we’ve got two boys (hopefully!) wrapping up their colds. I’m praying that we enjoy at least a small period of good health before somebody else goes down.
I’m sure I’d complain about all this cool, rainy weather we’ve been having. (Seriously – where did May go? Haven’t we been having March for like three months now?)
I’d tell you that I’d failed, once again, to find lamps to replace the ones my boys destroyed ages ago. It turns out it’s not so easy to find lighting that is (1) sturdy enough to withstand being knocked off tables by little boys and (2) not so sturdy that it will seriously injure little boys while falling off tables.
Finally
If you and I had time to discuss all the ideas we have for our homes and gardens, a lathis post, I would report that I exercised some restraint by only planting tomatoes and herbs when I really wanted to go whole-hog and establish The Most Amazing Kitchen Garden Ever.
I’d tell you that we really need some fresh paint around here. And that I’m itching to hang more things on the walls. (Any idea as to how to get your husband to take up a task without nagging him to do it?)
I’d say how we really just need to decide whether to get a playset and patio furniture, already.
And that Brennan and I are leaning toward putting on that kitchen addition one of these days, but that we also daydream about having This Old House do an entire home renovation for us. (Oh, the dreams that boring 30-somethings can come up with…)
By this point I’d have bored you to tears – and we’re caught up by now anyway, so I’ll sign off. Time to see what kind of Mass behavior my boys give us this time.
I’m about to hit “publish” on a blog post on how to get children to behave well in church, mere hours before taking my own children to Mass. They’re going to be terrible – I just know it.
Anyway!
Generally speaking (and I cringe to say this – see above), my children are pretty well behaved at church. We – cringe – even receive compliments on their behavior. (Of course, these might better reflect our fellow parishioners’ expectations upon seeing three small boys and a baby ushered into a pew, but I’ll take them.)
Since it seems to be a perennial question on social media (and because I’m a glutton for punishment), I thought I’d share our strategy for getting our children to refrain from causing a ruckus during Mass. But I’m not going to lie to you – it is not made up of quick fixes. There is no magic bullet – at all, for anything – when it comes to children. There’s a lot of hard work, a few clever ideas, and a decent measure of luck.
In this post, I’m going to first offer you the two “hard work” elements of our strategy and then the six that might fall into the “clever ideas” category. The luck is up to you.
1. We have an expectation that our children will obey us.
Our kids operate under the assumption that when Mommy or Daddy say to do x,y,z, it is to be done. They certainly don’t obey us all the time, but we have reasonable confidence that when we give them a direction, they’ll follow it.
To some, this will seem so obvious as to not be worth mentioning. To others, it will seem like a pie-in-the-sky idea. Either way, unless you’ve been blessed with a child who is naturally mild-mannered (not us!) and pleasing to the general public, it’s the most basic of foundations for functioning well outside the home. (And inside the home too, I’d wager.) We have to trust that when we tell our child to stop and we raise an eyebrow and give him that look, he’ll stop.
How do we do this? How have we gotten to the point where we can reasonably expect our children to obey us, at least in public? Lots of hard work. Lots of consistency, follow-through, consequences… and some yelling. I’ll admit it.
2. Our children are able to sit for the duration of a meal.
I figure that if our children are unable to sit for any length of time in our home, they’ll be unable to do so anywhere else either. Partly for that reason, but mostly because I just think that meals should be eaten at tables, we insist that our children stay seated for the duration of every meal. This is not always easy. It is not uncommon for our meals to be punctuated with, “Sit on your bottom. Sit on your bottom. Sit on your bottom. I said, sit on your bottom.”
In our home, you stay strapped in a booster until you can demonstrate that you’re able to stay seated without it. We’re currently in the transition stage with our two-year-old. If the mood is right, we’ll let him sit there unstrapped, but once he starts trying to get up (and ignores our calls for him to sit back down), we strap him in. He’s learning.
At any rate, I really think the meal thing helps. Our boys are used to sitting in one place three times a day, for between 20 and 60 minutes a pop. So while sitting in church can be a challenge, it’s not a shock to the system.
3. We have age-appropriate expectations for how our children should behave in Mass.
First of all, let’s just make an exception for the 12-24 month range, shall we? My husband and I have found, with each of our children, that little babies in church are no big deal. Bigger babies may need some creative hushing when they become vocal, but they’re still not that difficult. But then you bang up against mobility. From the time our children can crawl through the time (somewhere around the age of two) we can begin to reason with them, there’s just really not much to be done. We can try all the strategies above and below, but it’s always going to be a crapshoot.
In that age range, we keep them in Mass as long as possible, but if they become disruptive, we take them to the back of the church. I prefer to stand in the vestibule with the child, letting him walk around but not run, hushing him when necessary, and demonstrating to him that I’m still paying attention to the Mass. My husband sometimes prefers to take the child downstairs or outside.
Beyond that age, we start with two simple requirements: Our child is to be quiet (not silent!) and he is to stay in the pew. He may whisper, he may move around, he may climb up onto the seat, off the seat, onto the seat, off the seat – he just has to stay in the pew.
Once our child has mastered those two expectations, we add more. He has to stop climbing… he has to stop talking… he has to sit. Ultimately, he’ll have to sit still. (Our oldest is five; we’re not to that last one yet.) We add requirements as our boys are able to handle them and we try to keep them as simple as possible.
4. We talk with our children beforehand about our expectations.
The first Mass behavior expectations we ever voiced to our oldest son were “Remember that you have to be quiet, you have to stay with Mommy and Daddy, and you should set a good example for your brother.” His brother was a baby – he was not yet paying attention to anyone’s example. But the idea that he was the big kid, that he had a big-kid responsibility – it stuck with our oldest. So we still use it.
On our way to Mass, or as we walk from the car into the church, we say something like, “Remember, you’ll be in church. We are not here to play; we are here to pray and to think about Jesus and to thank God for all the good things in our lives. You need to be quiet and you need to set a good example for your brothers.”
We also have particular instructions for those who need them. One of our sons has a tendency to end up sprawled across the pew, his head on our laps. So he is told to sit up straight. Talkers who think they are whisperers get told not to talk at all.
5. We model good Mass behavior. (In other words, we mostly ignore the kids.)
The last part of that line might get me in trouble. To be clear, I don’t mean that we actually ignore our children. I just mean that we utilize those eyes we have in the backs of our heads to monitor them and we reserve the ones in the fronts of our heads for the altar.
I try to keep track of what my boys are doing without making eye contact with them. That may sound cold, but I’m just trying to discourage my chatty guys from starting a conversation. Or from doing something silly to make me laugh. So I sit or stand or kneel (as the case may be), my body and mind oriented as much as possible toward the Mass, and I encourage my children to do the same.
6. We snuggle our children.
While I try not to engage directly with our children during Mass, I do try to take advantage of those quiet, holy moments to be lovingly, physically present to them. I sit with my arms around my boys, I stroke their backs, I give them a pat. When it’s time to sing, I open the hymnal with them, singing in their ears and tracing my finger across the notes on the page. I hope that our one hour in Mass every week begins to take hold in their little minds as a time for tenderness and love.
7. We explain things at appropriate moments. (And sometimes the most appropriate moment is after Mass.)
I want my kids to understand as much as possible about the Mass, and anyway I want to get/keep their interest, so when the time seems right, I’ll lean over and whisper a “Did you hear what Father said there?” or “Can you see what he’s doing?” I offer a quick explanation and then go back to my ignoring/snuggling strategy.
If my boys ask a genuine question that can be easily and simply answered, I go for it. But only if the timing seems appropriate and I don’t think we’ll be disruptive to our fellow parishioners. If they’re asking a question that requires a more complicated response, we tell them we’ll answer it when Mass is over.
8. We bring small distractions (just small ones) to church with us.
We are a thirsty family, never traveling anywhere without a beverage (and my boys are all pretty much addicted to milk), so I’m sure to always stow their sippy cups/bottle in my purse. They make for a great distraction when the first wave of wiggles hits. But beyond that, we keep it very spare. We never bring snacks, because crumbs and wrapper noises and my thing about thinking tables are important. Sometimes I will bring a couple of quiet toys for a baby, but mostly I keep it to one or two books per child. Just religious ones. The images contained in them not only help to keep the boys occupied, but provide a jumping-off point for their questions and imaginations. And I think that’s important.
So that’s how we do it. I’ve probably seen dozens of strategies in my people-observing and blog-reading days, but this is the one that works for us. I offer it here for the curious or the desperate or the only vaguely annoyed. Good luck!
In the interest of not completely neglecting my blog during this busy season of preparing our home for two new additions (not twins – just one baby and one mother-in-law), plus the actual welcoming of the mother-in-law and the ongoing prep for the new baby, I thought I should at least do a little catch-up post. But all I can muster is a list, so that’s what you get – a random collection of 23 goings-on, thoughts, and questions from the past week or so:
1) We’ve been working very hard here – harder than we’ve worked since we moved into this house a year-and-a-half ago. May this (please) be our last push of purging and organizing and moving furniture for some time. (For years. Plural.)
2) Everyone is very, very tired.
3) Pregnancy insomnia is one of the stupidest, most nonsensical things ever.
4) On Saturday, a few of my lovely girlfriends took me to a lovely lunch to celebrate the impending arrival of baby boy #3. I felt just about giddy to be getting out of the house on a beautiful, spring-like day to hang out with my friends and eat delicious, wood-fire pizza. Mmmm… Thank you, ladies!
5) There was absolutely nothing spring-like about yesterday, however. It snowed for something like ten hours straight. On March 25th. Will this winter never end?
6) Change is hard. Or, at least it is for me. Every first day of school, every move, every new job, every new phase of life, every new child – every big change, no matter how wonderful – has been difficult for me to process. I know this about myself and yet I’m always somewhat taken aback when a round of change triggers its inevitable, big, emotional, revelatory moment (which necessarily involves tears). This round’s moment came to me on Sunday afternoon in that most glamorous of places: the driver’s seat of my minivan in the middle of the Safeway parking lot. Boo-hoo.
7) In the scramble to get preparations wrapped up before Brennan’s mother’s arrival on Sunday evening – and the stress, and the exhaustion, and the pregnancy-related discomfort, I didn’t get to mass this weekend. I hate that. There’s no feeling of Catholic guilt quite like that of missing mass. Beyond the guilt-driven regret, though, I feel like I suffer a loss each time I miss Sunday mass. (Fortunately, it’s a rare occurrence.) Missing mass makes me realize how much I depend on it. Whether or not the little ones (or my own distracted brain) have let me pay attention to the readings, whether or not I’ve been wrestling a jumble of little arms and legs, whether or not I’ve been stressed out or agitated, the mass feeds me. Without it, I feel like I go into my week empty-handed. Missing this Sunday’s mass certainly wasn’t the way I wanted to go into this week of welcoming-the-mother-in-law and maybe-giving-birth.
8) All that said, Hilde’s move into our home went just about as smoothly as it could have. She’s got quite a way to go to get things unpacked, but she’s safely here and we’re all getting acquainted with one another.
9) Just about overnight, I have gone from feeling good-but-tired to feeling very uncomfortable and full-of-baby. I feel like this baby is coming soon – like, really soon. But what do I know?
10) I had my weekly ob appointment (and sono) this morning and all went well. My doctor offered to go ahead and schedule my induction for 39 weeks on the dot, which is… next Friday! As long as the hospital’s got room for me, it looks like I should be having this baby by the 4th!
11) I still think I’ll go before then, though. My discomfort level has been prompting many a game of “Is Julie in labor?” The answer so far has, of course, been “no” – but I’m making good progress on the dilation front, so… it could happen!
12) Last week I bought the boys a copy of Frozen to occupy them after the baby is born. Yesterday afternoon I totally cracked and popped that sucker into the DVD player. I may regret it later, but at the moment I was glad to have bought myself precisely 108 minutes of quiet time in which to (finally) pack my hospital bag and (too soon) fret about whether I’m going into labor.
13) Instead, I started writing this post. Priorities.
14) Note: when you’re 8.5 months pregnant and threatening to go into labor at any minute, you should probably give your husband a little warning before venturing out at 6pm to give your mother-in-law a tour of her new town. Because when he arrives home from work to find no minivan, wife, boys, or mother on the premises, he’s likely to panic. Just a little.
15) Another note: eating dinner at 5pm is waaayyy nicer than eating dinner at 9pm. I mean, it gives you actual free time in the evenings that doesn’t involve falling asleep on the sofa.
16) I’ve got a little poll for the mamas out there: While in the hospital after having a baby, do you (a) change into your own clothes or (b) wear the hospital gown provided to you? My best friend and I were having a conversation about this yesterday. On the one hand, we’ve seen pictures of ladies in real clothes in hospital beds and all the cool mommy bloggers seem to dish out great advice on the comfiest clothes to pack in your overnight bag. But we, ahem, don’t understand the logistics of such a move. Real clothes seem awfully inconvenient for all the checking and prodding and poking everybody seems to want to do to you, like, every 20 minutes. And then there’s the not-wanting-to-ruin-our-clothes thing. Are we alone in going the practical, dowdy route or are there more mamas in our camp?
17) One more important question: Is gorging oneself on delicious, home-made (but not by me) bar cookies a sign of imminent labor?
18) We really enjoyed the brief visit from Brennan’s sister and uncle, who drove Hilde here from Minnesota. The boys especially enjoyed their aunt and uncle and were beautifully, pathetically disappointed to learn yesterday morning that they’d left before dawn. It was so heart-breaking/cute.
19) I had to carry my two-year-old (under my arm – just about the only way the belly will allow) out of his big brother’s preschool classroom yesterday, literally kicking and screaming, because he didn’t want to leave. It was also heart-breaking/cute.
20) Last week my three-year-old said two particularly cute things before heading to school. One morning, as soon as he woke up, he said, “Today is my wucky day!” Me: “Why is today your lucky day?” Him: “Because I get to go to school today!” His teacher loved that one.
21) Another morning, on the drive into school, he said, “I’m going to have so much fun at school today! I’m going to be happy and be nice and behave…” Then, to his little brother, he said, “I pwomise not to do bad sings to you anymore. I won’t kick you or hit you ever, ever, ever, ever again. Okay? Okay? Okay?” Finally, his brother gave the obligatory reply: “Otay.”
22) Big brother’s “pwomise” didn’t last long.
23) Fortunately, the little one’s tough. Fierce, we call him. He can take it.
I started writing this post as a 7 Quick Takes Friday, so I was all set to open with a “Happy St. Nicholas Day!” but, um… see numbers two and three. The day was fun, but it pretty much sucked the life out of me.
Anyway, it took my boys a few minutes to remember/discover their goodie-filled shoes Friday morning, but when they did, their delight was, well, delightful. The little one ran up to me with a look of glee and a shout of “Wa-pop!” and the big one with a “Wook what Nickwas bwingt!” Totally worth the effort it took to remember the whole deal.
—2—
We celebrated the good saint’s feast by hosting a little St. Nicholas Day party for friends. Except it didn’t end up being so “little” after all: we had 18 kiddos (two four-year-olds and SIXTEEN three-and-under’s), plus nine adults. I meant for the party to actually be St. Nicholas-focused: I bought materials to make these cute little St. Nicholas ornaments, I thought I’d do some sort of reading or lesson on who St. Nicholas was, and I planned to print off some St. Nicholas coloring pages for the kiddies to work on.
Also, my friends and I had decided to make the party a cookie swap.
But… did I fulfill those expectations? No way. Neither the ornaments nor the cookies were made, the lesson was not planned, and the coloring pages were not printed. One friend did bring this cute St. Nicholas book, which I read aloud to the swarming mass of children. But, you know: 18 children. Surrounded by toys. And each other. Very little attention was paid to me and my feeble narration, I assure you.
Whatever. For once I was dressed and made-up before my guests arrived. The house was clean-ish and arranged for the party before it even started. And I actually had the food ready (pretty much) on time. Also, we had no injuries, no broken toys, no spills, and no major fights. So the party totally goes down as a win in my book.
—3—
The only real hitch was this little guy:
He’s been like a big, flashing neon sign of hyped-up emotions lately. When our guests arrived, he was so EXCITED he ran around the house screaming and roaring, throwing himself on the floor once per lap to flail his limbs and scream some more.
When things didn’t go his way, he was so DISTRAUGHT he sobbed and carried on like he was experiencing an actual trauma. Not like his mother had just told him that no, he couldn’t go outside to play while he had dozens of guests in the house. Especially since it was raining.
Then of course when people started to leave, he became HYSTERICAL. He screamed and sobbed and sniveled, wet-faced and shaking, begging for hugs and kisses from the departing children. Those poor kids. No one wants to hug and kiss someone who looks like that. Still, a few of the kind souls obliged him.
After everyone left, my little guy calmed down considerably. He was really quite lovely. For about five hours. Then it was back to the grind.
—4—
Speaking of the grind, I have a potty training question for you experienced parents out there. Or, maybe it’s not so much a potty training question, because (other than nighttime) my three-year-old son is already potty trained. It’s just that he hates going to the bathroom if it’s not his idea. With a passion.
The child actually potty trained pretty easily. (I attribute this to waiting so long – more than 2.5 years – to work on it. By that time he was just really, really ready and it wasn’t that big of a deal.) He gets through most nights dry and he hasn’t had a true potty accident in weeks. And it’s common for him to just announce that he has to go and go ahead and go like it’s no big deal.
But. Almost every single time that we ask him to try to use the restroom, he fights us on it. (We ask him to go at pretty reasonable times, I promise you: when he first wakes up, when we’re about to leave the house, when it’s time for him to go to bed, or when we’ve noticed that it’s been hours since he’s gone.) We tell him that it’s okay if he doesn’t actually go, but that he has to at least try.)
Once he hears our request, he loses it: He claims he doesn’t have to go, he cries, he runs away, sometimes he throws himself on the floor. It’s lovely. But once we get him in the bathroom (sometimes we pick him up and bring him in there, sometimes he comes under threat of a time-out), he goes! He used to stop crying immediately, brighten up, and say (unprompted), “Oh, I did have to go potty! I’m sowwy, Mommy and Daddy!” But increasingly he continues to cry and claim he doesn’t have to go potty while he is actually going.
Any ideas as to what this is about or how to address it? We’re several months into this issue and it has gotten very, very old.
—5—
On to happier things. Yesterday we had our first snow of the season. (The first snow, a real snow, in a part of the country that’s not accustomed to getting much of the white stuff. So yes, this snow qualifies as happy!)
The morning was something of an adventure for us. We had planned to make the 9am mass and then head straight to a Christmas tree farm afterward to select our big, honkin’ tree. I’d packed sandwiches and snacks and everything. But as usual, we were running late. We were in the car and ready, but would have been embarrassingly late to mass, so we decided to switch the two agenda items. We went straight to the tree farm instead.
We selected one of the few remaining big ‘uns (12 feet!) as the snow began to fall at 9:30. By the time we were on our slow way 45 minutes later, the tree tied precariously to the roof of our minivan, everything was white. My Minnesota-born hubby, who is normally more than a little impatient with the local slow-snow drivers, was thankful for them this time, because of our Christmasy cargo. We munched sandwiches as we trudged through the snow, listening to Christmas music on the radio. It was really all very happy and festive.
Before mass
We made it safely to our (rural) church and waited in the parking lot until it was almost time for the 11:30 mass. The church, which is usually filled to the gills with hundreds of people, had no more than 30 that morning. So intimate! And so revealing of wiggly, whispering, wanting-to-play-in-the-snow toddlers!
Really, it was fine. I was happy to have my whole family together at mass. (We spent most of September/October keeping one or both of the boys home because they had a series of awful colds and are too little to know how not to cough all over strangers. November was challenging because I had to cantor/sing in the choir a few weekends and Brennan doesn’t feel comfortable monitoring the boys by himself during mass.) And anyway, it was so lovely to watch that snow fall outside those tall church windows.
After mass
Still happily under the romantic spell of the swiftly-falling snow, my daring, brave Minnesotan chose to take the (unplowed?) curvy, hilly back roads home. The trip was a little stressful at times (like when we couldn’t see anything but white out the windshield), but we made it home safely. If only it hadn’t ended up taking Brennan five hours of shoveling, scraping, and snow-blowing to get the van all the way up our long, steep driveway.
—6—
While poor Brennan worked on the driveway, I took the boys out to play in the snow. Last winter was mild, so this was our two-year-old’s first opportunity. It was only the second or third for our three-year-old. Naturally, they were captivated.
Today is the little guy’s big 2nd birthday! When I went to get the boys out of bed this morning, they were standing up, waving around stuffed animals, and cheerfully yelling. I said, “Good morning, boys!” and then: “Happy birthday, Jude!” True to form, the child dropped his eyes, scowled, and flung himself face-down onto his mattress. He is the cuddliest little thing, but he does not like being the center of attention. I think his motto should be: “Love me, but don’t look at me.”
More motherly mush to follow in a later post, but for now, here’s a glimpse of yesterday’s birthday party:
Oh, and by the way: he successfully made it through his “Happy Birthday” serenade without screaming. He did, however, squeeze his eyes shut the whole time, likely thinking that if he couldn’t see us, we couldn’t see him.
— 2 —
In last week’s Quick Takes, I announced my new Facebook page for the blog… but I forgot to include a link. That’s brilliance for you.
Living in the greater DC metropolitan area, just about everybody I know has some relative who works for the government. Most of my closest friends have at least one income earner who is employed by the federal government or a government contractor. So what’s everybody worried about right now? That’s right: a potential government shutdown! I don’t know, it might not be big news in the rest of the country, but it sure is here. I’m saying a couple of prayers today that someway, somehow, people find a way to work together to avoid this thing.
— 4 —
Okay, I’m going to fit in just one more thing to round out this very quick little Monday Morning Miscellany and then we’re off to continue our birthday celebrations.
Mass tips. That is, tips on how to get your children to make it through mass without anyone going crazy. A couple of weeks ago, Rosie (who has four small children, including infant twins) at A Blog For My Mom posted a list of helpful tips and encouraged readers to weigh in with more. If you’re trying to figure out how to get your little ones through church, stop on over to Rosie’s to check out what everyone had to say. I really loved that there was such a variety of strategies: a perfect illustration of the differences amongst children (and parents too).
Two sort of foundational tips from me first, though. (Part of which Rosie alluded to. And Auntie Leilawrites about frequently.) Unless you were given the most naturally docile children in the world (Ha!), I think you have to have at least two things in order for any of those tips and strategies to make a difference. (1) Your children have to have some regular practice in sitting in one place (note that I don’t say sitting still). If they can’t sit in one place for the course of a 30-minute meal, they’re not going to be able to make it through a 60-minute mass. (2) There has to be a given expectation that your children will obey you. If they’re not expected to obey your (sometimes loud? Mine are often loud!) directions at home, they’re not going to obey your whispered directions in a crowd of hundreds of strangers.
So, work on (1) and (2), and then be creative about what little things will help your particular children to make it through your particular church service quietly enough to (a) not embarrass you, (b) not distract your fellow parishioners, and (c) eventually learn to get something out of it. Because that last one is really the point, isn’t it?
Grace of the always-worth-visiting Camp Patton is trying a new link-up today called “Sunday Best.” The idea is to blog on your “Sunday Best” clothes and/or your children’s “Sunday Best” (or far from best) behavior at church. I’m in!
(By the way, to any mom friends who haven’t yet checked out Camp Patton – do! Go! Right now! Grace’s tales of life with her three under three are like a visit from a good friend who knows JUST what you’re going through. And who arrives at your house bearing your favorite cocktail.)
Anyway, I’m not going to post a photo of the outfit I wore to mass today. Because (1) I have a head of frizz in this humid summer weather, (2) I’m sunburned and exhausted-looking after the wedding we attended yesterday, and (3) I’m one of those self-conscious moms who (almost) never takes pictures of herself. Yep, that’s me. I admit it.
I will, however, get up the courage to (cringe) post a photo of the boys and me from yesterday’s wedding, because it’s such a good representation of the mass behavior I can typically expect from them:
The almost-three-year-old is usually very well-behaved in mass. (At home? That can be a very different story. But in mass, thankfully, I can normally count on an ‘A’ performance.) The 20-month-old usually does pretty well through the homily, but around the consecration (perfectly timed, I know) he turns into something like the above and the hubby rushes him out.
Today everybody was tired from the wedding, so you can imagine how we did. Big brother kept up a constant stream of low-level noise – lots of whispering and climbing and sound effects and jiggling like a plastic bag filled with Jello – and he responded Not One Little Bit to my corrections. He gets a ‘C’ – saved only by virtue of keeping it all to “low-level.” Little brother pulled off a pretty typical performance, so I guess he gets a ‘C’ too. Even though he successfully brought out the giggles in the people sitting behind us by repeatedly dripping his milk onto the pew and then wiping it up with a napkin, saying “messsh, messsh.”
On a much nicer note, I have to mention that our parish held a Eucharistic procession through town directly after mass, in honor of Corpus Christi. It was the first such thing I’ve participated in. Years ago when I was studying in Germany, the little Bavarian town I was living in hosted a HUGE Corpus Christi procession, complete with hundreds of people wearing lederhosen and dirndls. And I MISSED it! I had signed up for a day trip to Neuschwanstein, not realizing that (1) it was scheduled for Corpus Christi and (2) that meant that the town would be overtaken by processing Catholics. A dear friend photographed it for me because she knew I’d love it, but missing the procession remains my greatest regret of what was otherwise a fantastic summer. Our participation in this morning’s (1000x much) smaller procession lifted my spirits and went a tiny way toward removing my regret at missing the Prien am Chiemsee version.
To end, let me just share a picture of my dapper little guy as ring bearer yesterday. (Congratulations, Tom and Aunt Grace!) The little sign he’s wearing (which you can see better in the first picture) reads “ring security.”
And here’s one of the littlest guy. We borrowed a friend’s toddler tuxedo so he could be just like his big brother, but, um… something got lost in the shuffle. Good thing he’s cute enough to pull off any look! |
Russell Hill, Croydon
Russell Hill is an area in the London Borough of Croydon, located to the north-west of Purley.
It is named after the former prime minister John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, who was President of the Warehousemen, Clerks and Drapers School which was built here in 1886; prior to this the locality was known as Beggar's Thorn or Beggar's Bush. The area is now home to Margaret Roper Catholic Primary School and Thomas More Catholic School.
References
Category:Areas of London
Category:Districts of the London Borough of Croydon |
Q:
$http.get and $templateCache
Could someone explain to me the following code:
$http.get('./template.html', {
cache: $templateCache
}).then (function(response){
console.log(response.data);
});
I understand response.data will be equal to the whole content of template.html, however what about the object
{cache: $templateCache}
What does it do?
A:
Here is a line from documentation for $http service:
cache – {boolean|Object} – A boolean value or object created with $cacheFactory to enable or disable caching of the HTTP response. See $http Caching for more information.
So by specifying {cache: $templateCache} you tell Angular to cache HTTP response in internal cache data map, accessible as $templateCache service. It means that if you request ./template.html again with $http.get or by using template as source in ngInclude directive, it will not be redownloaded but will be retrieved from cache.
|
Tujhe Bhula Diya [remix] - Anjaana Anjaani
vishal dadlani
The recent incidents of gang-rape and murder of girl child
in Khatua and Unnao lead thousands of Mumbaikars lead a silent march seeking justice
for the victims. Along with the common people, celebrities also joined in the
march.
Twinkle Khanna along
with her son Aarav, Rajkumma
Renowned classical vocalist Kishori Amonkar passed away last
night (April 3) at her residence in Dadar West, Mumbai, after a brief illness.
She was 84 and died days ahead of her 85th birthday on April 10. She is
survived by two sons and grandchildren. Her husband Ravindra Amonkar had died
in 1992
42 clerics from Assam have issued a fatwa against reality
singing star Nahid Afrin but the young singing sensation is not afraid and said
that she would not give up on music until her death.
“I was broken completely after hearing
about the ‘fatwa’. But I am not going to stop singing. I ha |
Tips – My Most Valuable Advice
One of the suitable regions of residence in Huntsville. You should find a reputable Huntsville new homes for sale to facilitate your relocation to Huntsville. If you are looking for a new home then you should be guided by certain important factors otherwise you might not enjoy your stay in the region. The article aims to inform you of some of the tips for buying a house in Huntsville. First, you should check if you can afford the house.
The location of the house that you want should also be taken into consideration. The location should be decided upon based on the social amenities that you will be in need of. Areas such as market and schools should be accessible without incurring any cost. The house should be located in a secure area. This way, you will get to minimize the amount of money that you will spend on transportation. If you do not have a car, then the house should be near to public transportation means.
The other tip is knowing the distance of the house from nearby school and the workplace. The most suitable house should be at a walkable distance away from school and workplace or business premise. In the end, you will lower the time and money consumed. The number of rooms in the house should also correspond with the size of your family. The luxury and comfort of the house is usually proportional to the size. You should also take into consideration the future growth of your family. There are probabilities that your house will get small as your family gets big. Therefore, ensure the house that you buy will meet your future needs concerning size.
The terms of payment of the house is also another factor to consider. If you are not in a position to pay for the house in cash, you should look for the most convenient terms of payment. For mortgages, the down payment and the installment should be set a limit that you can afford. With an affordable down payment and regular installments you will be able to pay for the house without experiencing financial difficulties and constraints.
The length of time that you are planning to stay in the house is also another factor to consider. You should choose to rent instead of buying if you intend to live for a few years. If you want to occupy the house for a limited duration then buying will be a waste of money. Therefore, you should ask the seller to provide you with the cost of both renting and buying so that you can compare. By considering the above-discussed factors you will find a suitable house and enjoy your stay in Huntsville.
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Still hesitant to choose the vacation destination? If you love animals and nature, then choose a tour to an Africa safari! Without a doubt, you won't regret about this unforgettable experience. Learn more at http://africansermonsafaris.com/ |
Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences
Bellary Medical College now renamed Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, located in Bellary, is run by the government of Karnataka.
History
The campus of Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences is situated in the former Allipur Jail Buildings which has long history. The history reveals those great freedom fighters including Sri. Chakravarthi Rajgopalachary, Sri. V.V. Giri, Sri. Bejawada Gopala Reddy, Sri. Ghantasala Venkateshwara Rao, Sri. Tekur Subramanya etc.; were lodged in this jail. This jail was closed in 1958 and the old buildings and entire area of was handed over by the Government to start the Medical College in Bellary in 1961. It has grown into prestigious institution over the last 60 years. To overcome the shortcomings the Medical College was made autonomous Institution "Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary" in 1996. This medical college has overcome its shortage of staff, due to recruitment of new staff.
The Medical College Hospital was commissioned in 1966 and has bed strength of 680 beds. The District Hospital is situated in the heart of city and is spread over an area of and has bed strength of 210 for the pediatrics, Gyanecology and Post Partum Cases. Recently 20 bedded Infosys ward was added for the treatment of Japanese Encephalitis cases. To bring all departments under one roof, for the purpose of better-coordinated teaching and better treatment to the patients even these two departments of Gynaecology and Paediatrics department will be shifted to VIMS campus before the end of this year to the newly constructed wards in the VIMS campus.
Government Wellesly TB & Chest Diseases Hospital was started in 1929 over spacious area of and has a bed strength of 280 beds. The Urban Health Center in the heart of the City was constructed in 1999 and about 120 to 140 patients are treated as outpatients daily in this center.
The Medical Council of India recognized the undergraduate MBBS course with and annual intake of 100 students in 1977. But due to the shortage of staff and other infrastructure facilities threatened to de-recognise the UG MBBS course in 1997 and immediate measures were taken to fill up the vacancies of teaching posts and to construct the buildings and purchase the equipments required by MCI. And so MCI agreed to continue the recognition of UG courses. The post graduate courses started with permission of MCI in 1980 in different subjects and today 32 candidates for degree courses in 15 subjects, 23 candidates for diploma courses in 9 subjects are admitted every year in this institute.
MCI has recognized PG courses of following subjects.
Total No. of PG Seats Available – 53
Anatomy – 1, Physiology – 1, Pathology – 2, Micro-Biology – 1, Preventive and Social Medicine – 1, Anaesthesia – 2, Skin & STD – 1, Paediatrics – 2, Medicine – 5, Ophthalmology – 1, ENT – 4, General Surgery – 7, OBG – 3, Radiology – 2 .
In the following 7 subjects, the appointment of staff and purchases of the equipments to fulfill the MCI norms are made and MCI has been already requested to inspect these departments and consider for PG courses recognition in these subjects. The 7 subjects are (1) Ophthalmology (2) Skin & STD (3) Anaesthesiology (4) Pharmacology (5) Pathology (6) Paediatrics (7) Orthopaedics. In the remaining subjects the efforts are being made to develop infrastructures and invite the MCI for PG course recognition.
The Super specialty departments like Urology, Plastic Surgery, Paediatric Surgery and Neurosurgery are functioning and they are well equipped with modern equipments for the treatments and operations of the patients. This Institute also offers M.Ch in Urology courses.
The Institute is affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore and it is to be mentioned that in all the University examinations more than 80% of the students have passed in the last many years. One student of this college got 15th rank in All India PG entrance examination. All the needy students both men, women are provided hostels and have the separate working women hostel.
This Institute runs its own nursing school for diploma nursing studies with annual admission of 30 students and also 8 school of nursing and two college of nursing private nursing institutes are availing the clinical facilities of different hospital of this institute.
General Nurse Midwife (GNM) Course : School of nursing started in 1963 with intake of 12 students. Up to 1995, it was a 3-year, 9 month midwifery course. later it changed course as a 3yrs in 1996-2004. In 2005 curriculum has changed and the duration of course 3 years and internship 6 months under the guidance of Indian Nursing Council and Karnataka State Nursing Council.
It is stipendiary course, each student get after submission of bond paper as per 1957 Note 2 Para G Rule 7 they receive Rs.1000/- per month for 3yrs 6 month.
Basic B.Sc Nursing (B.Sc Nsg) : It is started in 2008 with an intake of 20 students and in the next academic year 2009-10 the intake of student is 25. It is running successfully and first batch students has got 100% results out of which one distinction, 16 first class and 3 second class.
Also courses of different para clinical subjects are conducted in this institution and 60 students are admitted every year.
Recent developments
Dr.B.Devanand who was appointed as a regular Director of VIMS for a period of three years, was the brain child of the recent construction and developmental drive in the Institution.
Department of community medicine spearheading the creation of awareness in the public especially awareness on healthcare facilities.
References
External links
Institute's Official Website
CET Karnataka
Category:Medical colleges in Karnataka
Category:Medical Council of India
Category:Colleges affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences
Category:Education in Bellary
Category:Universities and colleges in Bellary district
Category:Educational institutions established in 1961
Category:1961 establishments in India |
294 N.W.2d 813 (1980)
Peter J. YOUNGBLUT, Appellee-Cross-Appellant,
v.
Woodrow L. WILSON and Patricia A. Wilson, Appellants-Cross-Appellees.
No. 63828.
Supreme Court of Iowa.
July 16, 1980.
Rehearing Denied August 20, 1980.
*814 Richard C. Turner, West Des Moines, for appellants-cross-appellees.
Jonathan C. Wilson and Steven L. Nelson, of Davis, Hockenberg, Wine, Brown & Koehn, Des Moines, for appellee-cross-appellant.
Considered by REES, P. J., and UHLENHOPP, McCORMICK, McGIVERIN and LARSON, JJ.
LARSON, Justice.
This appeal and cross-appeal arose out of the sale of farmland and its lease-back. The vendors, the Wilsons, appeal from a decree granting specific performance of the contract of sale and denying their attempt to forfeit the contract. The purchaser, Peter *815 Youngblut, appeals from those portions of the decree denying him equitable and double rent for the Wilsons' holding over after the expiration of the lease and refusing to foreclose on the security for providing marketable title. We affirm the trial court.
In November, 1976, the Wilsons entered into an installment contract to purchase 2700 acres of land owned by parties named Harvey and Draper. The Wilsons took possession and put 900 acres in row crop, using the rest for a cattle-raising operation. Southern Iowa suffered drought conditions during the summer of 1977, which made it impossible for the Wilsons to meet their February 15, 1978, installment payment out of their own funds. This forced them to consider a short-term loan and the possibility of selling the farm. Word of their situation reached their neighbor Jim Woosley, who brought it to the attention of Leonard Youngblut and Harry Kenniston, realtors from Hudson with whom he had had dealings in the past.
In January, 1978, Leonard and Harry used Jim as a straw man in soliciting a 90-day option to buy the land. Mr. Wilson declined to grant him the option. A week later the three approached Wilson in an attempt to secure an exclusive real estate listing on the property. This attempt also failed. In March, 1978, the three approached Mr. Wilson with an offer from Peter Youngblut, Leonard's brother, to buy the land. The offer was to buy the land for $1,620,000 with a five per cent commission ($60,000) payable by the Wilsons. This offer, too, was refused.
The February 15, 1978, payment on the Harvey-Draper contract was not made, and the Wilsons were served with a notice of forfeiture on March 7. On April 6, Harry, Len, Jim, Peter and Wilson met in the realtors' office and negotiated the sale of the farm with a one-year lease-back agreement, which was necessary for Wilson to remain eligible for an S.B.A. disaster relief loan. The purchase price was increased by $60,000 and the commission agreement altered from five per cent of the purchase price to a flat $60,000. The contract provided for an immediate $100,000 payment (to be used to avoid forfeiture of the Harvey-Draper contract) with
Buyer . . . to pay the balance to Sellers at residence of Sellers, or as directed by Sellers, as follows:
A. $150,000 to be deposited in escrow with Youngblut Realty, and paid to Sellers at such time as Buyer is advised by Buyer's attorney that the abstract shows merchantable title [in accordance with Iowa Title Standards] in Sellers, which shall not be later than May 10, 1978.
The rest was to be paid in annual installments with a balloon payment due on February 15, 1988. The lease would run until February 1, 1979, and provided for rent of $135,000 due on the final day. It also provided that the Wilsons would receive ten percent of the gross profit on any resale of the property before February 15, 1988, or of the appreciation of the property up to that date. The lease also contained a compensation agreement, which provided that the $60,000 was payable "on the date the requirements of Paragraph 1, A [quoted above] of the Real Estate Contract . . are satisfied." A third instrument was executed in connection with the sale: an assignment of the Wilsons' interest in the Harvey-Draper contract to Peter as "a security agreement" which "would be null and void and of no further force and effect" when the Wilsons produced marketable title.
Also on April 6 phone calls were made from Youngblut Realty to the Decatur County Clerk of Court and the office of the attorney representing Ringgold Agricultural Services, Inc. to determine what liens, if any, existed. When Leonard went to the courthouse to file the assignment and the sale contract on April 10, he found that a $33,390.08 judgment lien in favor of Ringgold Ag and a $76,380.42 mechanics lien in favor of W. R. Grace & Co. had been filed earlier that day. On May 8, Youngblut Realty was served a Notice of Garnishment in connection with the Ringgold Ag judgment. It turned out that the property taxes were also delinquent.
*816 Subsequent contact with Wilson revealed he desired to contest the W. R. Grace claim. Therefore, Peter's attorney proposed that the following disbursements be made from the escrowed funds at the May 10 closing:
(1) Youngblut Realty, Inc. (commission) $60,000.00
(2) Charles Elsen (abstracting) $ 185.00
(3) Leo Baker (document drafting) $ 617.50
(4) Black Hawk County Sheriff $34,411.14
(garnishment)
(5) Decatur County Treasurer $ 5,989.42
(delinquent taxes)
(6) Peter's lawyer's trust account $48,796.94
The lawyer called Mr. Wilson to secure approval of the proposed disbursements. After being apprised of the proposal, Mr. Wilson only said, "Why don't you come and take everything I have?" and hung up without approving or disapproving the payments. The source of his disgruntlement appears to have been his need of the cash for upcoming operating expenses.
The disbursements were made as proposed, clearing all but the W. R. Grace lien from the title. The relationship between the parties deteriorated quickly. On June 22 the Wilsons' attorney contacted Youngblut Realty
to give notice to you, the proposed Buyer's agent, that Mr. and Mrs. Wilson do not consider themselves bound by any supposed closing which has taken place in this matter and, further, Mr. and Mrs. Wilson consider the real estate contract between themselves and Peter J. Youngblut. . . as being void and of no legal effect.
On August 24, Peter filed his initial petition in this action seeking enforcement of the assignment of Wilson's equity or, in the alternative, specific performance of the contract. In September, notice of the March 1 termination of the tenancy, in conformity with chapter 562, was served on the Wilsons. In October they were served with a three-day notice to quit, which was ignored.
On December 4, the Wilsons served Peter with a notice of forfeiture of the contract based upon Peter's failure to make the $150,000 payment. Two days later they filed their answer and counterclaim reasserting that the contract was void or, in the alternative, forfeited. On January 4, 1979, they filed an Affidavit of Forfeiture. Late that same day a temporary restraining order against the filing of the affidavit was filed in Polk County; it was not filed in Decatur County until the next morning.
Trial commenced March 12. The trial court ruled the contract was not forfeited and ordered specific performance of it. It ordered the Wilsons to deposit a warranty deed in escrow and to make their title marketable by December 1, at which time the remainder of the escrowed funds would be released to them. Because the trial court decision was not rendered until May 15, well into the crop year, the trial judge fashioned an equitable change in possession. He granted the Wilsons an option to continue in possession of the land until February 1, 1980, at the same annual rent as provided in the original lease. He denied Peter's claim for "equitable" rent from February 1 to March 1, 1979, and for statutory double rent, see § 562.2, The Code 1977, because there was "no evidence from which the Court can ascertain the fair rental value of the farm on a per diem basis during [that] period . . . and it not being demonstrated that their occupancy has been willful. . . ."
Four issues must be considered in resolving this appeal:
(1) Should Peter be denied specific performance of the real estate agreement because he comes into court with unclean hands?
(2) Are the Wilsons entitled to forfeiture of the real estate contract?
(3) Are the Wilsons liable for equitable and double rent for the period they retained possession after the termination date on the lease?
(4) Should the trial court have granted a foreclosure on the assignment of the Harvey-Draper contract?
Since this controversy was tried below in equity, our review is de novo, although we give weight to the findings of fact of the trial court. Iowa R. App. P. 14(f)(7).
*817 I. Specific Performance. Specific performance of a contract is not a remedy which is available as a matter of right; rather, its availability rests in the sound discretion of the court. Incorporated Town of Wahpeton v. Rocklin, 254 Iowa 948, 953, 119 N.W.2d 880, 883 (1963). It will not be granted where to do so would result in hardship or injustice, Clayburg v. Whitt, 171 N.W.2d 623, 631 (Iowa 1969), and any inequitable conduct on the part of the plaintiff will justify its denial. Id. at 631-32; Incorporated Town of Wahpeton v. Rocklin, 254 Iowa at 955, 119 N.W.2d at 884. Thus, the remedy is not available to one who is in default on the contract. Tschirgi v. Merchants National Bank, 253 Iowa 682, 686, 113 N.W.2d 226, 228 (1962). However, where the seller has contracted to convey clear title, tender of the purchase price less the amounts necessary to satisfy outstanding liens is sufficient performance to permit specific performance for the buyer. Clinton v. Shugart, 126 Iowa 179, 187, 101 N.W. 785, 789 (1904).
The Wilsons argue variously that Peter should be denied specific performance because (1) he is in default for failing to pay the $150,000 to them, (2) his approval of the disbursements was wrongful and the disbursements by the realtors are directly attributable to him because they were his agents and (3) an understanding that Youngblut Realty would represent Peter in resale of the land was in conflict with the realtors' fiduciary duty to the Wilsons and Peter's knowledge of that conflict of interest precludes his obtaining summary judgment. Peter counters that he fulfilled his contractual duty by paying the money into the escrow and that the Wilsons cannot complain about any subsequent disbursements because the realtors were their agents. He also argues that he is not in default because his duty to pay the $150,000 does not arise until such time as the Wilsons have provided marketable title.
Peter argues that he cannot be in default because the Wilsons have yet to provide marketable title. This argument is premised on analogy to the general rule that "[d]elivery of the deeds and payment of the purchase price [are] to be concurrent, and neither party [can] put the other in default without tendering unconditional performance." Webb v. Hancher, 127 Iowa 269, 274-75, 102 N.W. 1127, 1129 (1905). However, the contract under dispute clearly departs from the general rule, making payment of the money into escrow and providing clear title independent acts to be performed by the parties at separate times. The Wilsons' contractual duty to provide clear title was not intended to trigger Peter's duty to make the down payment; that payment was already to have been made. Providing clear title was the event which would trigger the escrow agent's duty to release the funds to the Wilsons. See 28 Am.Jur.2d Escrow § 21 (1966). Since Peter's tender and the Wilsons' obligation to clear title were not concurrent, the W. R. Grace encumbrance would not preclude Peter from being in default.
It is not necessary to determine on whose behalf these realtors were acting. It is immaterial whose agents they were for the purpose of the real estate transaction because for purposes of the escrow arrangement they were the agents of both parties. 28 Am.Jur.2d Escrow § 11 (1966). Thus, any breach of the escrow agreement by the realtors cannot be attributed to either party. Peter fulfilled his contractual duty when he placed the money in escrow. There may be circumstances where one party has such control over the escrow agent that the agent's actions may be attributable to the party. However, we do not find such circumstances here. Peter's contractual duties were to pay $100,000 directly to the Wilsons and place $150,000 in escrow with Youngblut Realty. He fulfilled those duties completely.
The Wilsons' argument that the realtors' understanding that they would handle any resale of the farm for Peter created a conflict of interest for the realtors is based on Brown & Co. v. Cash, 165 Iowa 221, 145 N.W. 80 (1914). Cash is clearly distinguishable in that it involved covert self-dealing by realtors in concert with the *818 third party buyer. Such self-dealing is a breach of a realtor's obligation to his client, and makes him liable to account for profits incurred upon resale. Id. at 224, 145 N.W. at 83-84. By contrast, commissions from resale are for services rendered and would not be themselves an interest in the property. Thus, this understanding did not a create a conflict of interest for the realtors.
II. Forfeiture. A vendor in default cannot forfeit his contract. Skubal v. Meeker, 279 N.W.2d 23, 26 (Iowa 1979). The question of the Wilsons' default involves whether they have provided "merchantable title in accordance with Iowa Title Standards," as required by the real estate contract. The Wilsons cite several of our cases for the proposition that encumbrances for less than the outstanding purchase price do not make title unmerchantable. However, his contractual obligation was not to provide on May 10 title that was merchantable according to the common law; it was to provide merchantable title according to the Iowa Title Standards. Standard 1.1 requires not only that title be marketable under the common law but also that it be "subject to no other encumbrances than those expressly provided for by the client's contract." The Wilsons did not provide that title and were therefore precluded from forfeiting the contract.
III. Rent. Peter's appeal asks for rent at the previous rate for the period from February 1 to March 1 and double rent for the time after March 1. Since the trial court award included the February 1 to March 1 amount, we do not address it.
The request for double rent relies on section 562.2:
A tenant giving notice of his intention to quit leased premises at a time named, and holding over after such time, and a tenant or his assignee willfully holding over after the term, and after a notice to quit, shall pay double the rental value thereof during the time he holds over to the person entitled thereto.
The term willfully, in this context, has been construed "to mean intentionally, deliberately, with bad or evil purpose, contrary to known duty. . . . [T]he term include[s] the disregard of the rights of others knowingly and with a stubborn purpose, or contrary to a known duty or without authority, and careless whether he have a right or not." Nelson v. Deering Implement Co., 241 Iowa 1248, 1256-57, 42 N.W.2d 522, 527 (1950) (citations omitted).
The record does not support a finding that the Wilsons' holding over was willful. At the termination of the lease they were asserting ownership of the land under alternative theories that the sale contract was void or had been forfeited. Such a steadfast assertion of one's own rights is not in disregard of the rights of others or contrary to a known duty and without authority. However, we need not rely on the lack of willfulness, for our review of the record reveals that a necessary predicate for double rent is absent: Youngblut has made no showing that the Wilsons had been served, after the termination of the lease, with a notice to quit as required by section 562.2.
IV. Foreclosure of Assignment.
Trial court did not grant Youngblut's demand for foreclosure of the collateral agreement by which the Wilsons assigned their equity under the contract with the Harveys and Drapers as security for their duty to clear the property of liens. The court merely said it should continue as security for the obligations imposed upon them under the decree. We believe this is all the assignment could accomplish in any event; whatever real estate interest they had acquired from the Harveys and Drapers already stood as security for clearing liens. In other words, the assignment did not create any rights or obligations not already imposed by the contract. The trial court was correct in refusing to foreclose it.
We conclude the trial court correctly ruled upon all of the issues raised and affirm on both the appeal and cross-appeal.
AFFIRMED.
|
[Role of interleukin-2 in the functional myocardial impairment induced by anoxia and reoxygenation].
To investigate the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on myocardial impairment during ischemia/reperfusion or anoxia/reoxygenation. Chemical anoxia was introduced in the isolated rat ventricular myocytes by Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution containing 10(-3) mol/L sodium dithionite. The video-tracking system and spectrofluorometric method were employed to verify the cell contraction and calcium homeostasis of the single myocyte. Radioimmunoassay was used to analyze the IL-2 levels in myocardium. The levels of IL-2 in myocardium subjected to ischemia/reperfusion were elevated [(14.34+/-5.99 compared with 22.25+/-3.68)ng/g, P<0.01]. During anoxia, cell contraction and the amplitude of electrically induced calcium transient were depressed and the parameters did not return to the pre-anoxia level during reoxygenation. IL-2 at 200 U/L administered during anoxia aggravated the effect of reoxygenation on cell contraction and calcium transient. After perfusion with IL-2, the malondialdehyde content of myocardial mitochondria was elevated. Coexistence of IL-2 during anoxia aggravates the effect of reoxygenation on the cell contraction and calcium homeostasis in the isolated rat ventricular myocytes, in which the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by IL-2 is involved. |
Episode 8 of The Handmaid's Tale Season 3 ends on a jarring shock, as June's pious and mysterious walking partner Ofmatthew (Ashleigh LaThrop) suffers a violent psychological breakdown. While shopping at the grocery store, she attacks a Guardian, steals his gun, and threatens customers. The standoff ends with her shot dead.
Ofmatthew has been such an enigma throughout this season that we only learn her real name—Natalie—seconds before she's killed. In last week's episode, her interactions with June deteriorated from prickly verbal sparring to outright physical violence following the revelation that Ofmatthew was responsible for the hanging of Frances, the Martha taking care of Hannah. Alienated from her fellow Handmaids, rebuked by Aunt Lydia, and facing the certainty that her unborn child will be taken from her, Ofmatthew reaches a breaking point. It's a scenario we've seen before in varying forms with Emily and Janine, but in Ofmatthew's case, it ends in tragedy.
Hulu/Elly Dassas
"Everything that she believes has fallen," LaThrop says of her character's final descent. "I think that Ofmatthew is a survivor, and I think that she does believe, to a certain extent, that she is right. To suddenly realize that everything you believe is wrong, and to be confronted with the horror of Gilead for really the first time, is what makes her break."
Below, LaThrop breaks down exactly what's happening in Ofmatthew's mind at Loaves & Fishes, her warped friendship with June, and the "terrifying" parallels between Gilead's fictional tyranny and the real-life abortion legislation passing nationwide in the U.S.
Harper's BAZAAR: Ofmatthew is a very mysterious character for most of the season. How much did you know about her going in?
Ashleigh LaThrop: I auditioned with the very first scene that you see me in, when June and I are walking and I'm talking about how I'm super glad we're about to take back Chicago. The only other thing I had was the scene where she says she’s pregnant. But Bruce [Miller, the showrunner] was there for my audition, and he was like "You know, it's gonna be really great for you, this character is really fun, she’s really antagonistic and people are gonna hate her, and you kill someone! So it’s gonna be great!" I was like, 'Wait, what was that?' He never addressed it again! I thought okay, I obviously can't play that I killed someone since I have no information about that, so I'm just gonna go for the holiness!
HB: Even in those early scenes where she seems very pious, there’s an intensity to your performance that suggests there’s more going on. What were you playing in those scenes?
AL: Ofmatthew is described as one of the most zealous believers of Gilead, so early on I was trying to figure out what that means. Is she a true believer, or is she just afraid? Because she is so zealous and June is not, what I tried to play is that this is someone who believes what she believes, but also, she'll be even more rigid because she's confronted by someone who has the polar opposite belief. That's why she comes off even more rigid than she might be normally—because she's confronted with a walking partner who is so openly against Gilead, and so openly rebellious, which makes Ofmatthew have to tighten down on everything that she does in public.
Is she a true believer, or is she just afraid?
HB: What triggers her breakdown, in your mind?
AL: I think everything that she believes has fallen. I think that anyone who has a fundamental belief about themself and about the world, if that were challenged in a moment, that’s unsettling. All of a sudden you don’t have anything to believe in any more, and she doesn't have anyone to help talk her through that. So she has to sit with, You are wrong about everything. Everything that she has done is wrong, all of these hangings... I think that Ofmatthew is a survivor, and I think that she does believe, to a certain extent, that she is right. Or at least in a moment when she has doubt, she’s able to convince herself that she’s right. So to suddenly realize that everything you believe is wrong, and to be confronted with the horror of Gilead for really the first time, is what makes her break.
HB: When did you find out you were going to die?
AL: Three days before we shot it! We block shoot, which means that we shoot more than one episode at the same time, which is really fun and sometimes a little chaotic. Sometimes Monday we'd be shooting Episode 5, and then Tuesday we might shoot part of Episode 8, and then Wednesday we shoot part of Episode 6. We didn’t shoot 7 and 8 until towards the end [of the block], and I hadn’t gotten the script until right before we shot it, and we actually shot the grocery store scene first. Out of everything in those few episodes, that was the very first scene we shot!
HB: You have to play so much in that scene: Ofmatthew effectively has a full psychological breakdown in the space of about three minutes. How do you get yourself to that place?
AL: Director Mike Barker and I had a conversation about what it is that drives her to this extreme point. Everything that happens at the beginning of Episode 8 is what leads up to the grocery store scene. This is someone who doesn't really have any friends in Gilead, but she is a favorite of all the Aunts. And so when June turns all the Handmaids against me, that's horrible, and the idea is that this has been going on for weeks and weeks, just constant torment between the Handmaids. But then that scene when Aunt Lydia, my only supporter in this entire regime, also turns against me when she forces me to go in the circle of shame, then it becomes this idea of, I have no one. I have nothing. I truly believed in this, and it turned against me. The idea that I’m alone in this awful world, with a baby that I want to have and will never have, is what helped me to play that scene.
Hulu/Jasper Savage
HB: There’s a moment when Ofmatthew aims the gun at June, and then decides not to shoot her and aims at Lydia instead. What’s happening in her mind there?
AL: It was written in the script that we kind of have this stare-off moment, and Mike played with the idea that June is directing the narrative from the moment that we get in the grocery store. June is the one who's seeing Ofmatthew about to break, and chooses, in a moment when Ofmatthew looks at her like, "I need help," to look away from her. And June is thrilled with the turn of events that is happening, until the gun is pointed at her, and that's I think the first time that June shows fear, and recognizes that she doesn't actually want to die, and feels vulnerable. She's been pretty invulnerable—she's got a lot of status in Gilead and she's never really felt like she's in danger because she's needed. They need her in order to get the baby back to Gilead from Canada.
I think Ofmatthew, even in her grief and rage, recognizes that this is a person that she cared for, and she can see that she's afraid and she recognizes that June is actually not the problem. June is not really responsible for what went wrong. And I also sort of twisted something in that scene, and decided that Ofmatthew thinks that if she doesn't kill June, that she kills Aunt Lydia, then we can get the baby out. So I played that as well, the idea that we have to kill the people who are responsible and then we can all get out and go to Canada. I think that's what's happening for her in that moment.
HB: Several episodes before she snaps, Ofmatthew seems uneasy about her pregnancy; she says she’s had babies before but this one feels different. Why is that?
AL: I think it's learning that June’s baby has gotten free. That’s what has caused this crack. It’s hard to give them up, but there is no alternative, and I think Ofmatthew has always firmly believed that this is the only way to survive. Then suddenly, there is an alternative. Someone has found a way to get them out, which means that everything that I’ve been doing, giving up these children, is for naught. For me, I stuck with the idea that I desperately want this baby, in a way that is not okay for what we do in Gilead.
Hulu/Jasper Savage
HB: Why does Ofmatthew betray June and get Frances, the Martha, killed? Is she just trying to be a good soldier and do what Aunt Lydia tells her?
AL: I think that Ofmatthew, in her own warped way, thinks of June as her friend. She doesn't have any friends, and so she thinks of June as someone who, while I don't really show her all of my true colors, we have had moments of intimacy and moments of connection. So seeing her friend do something potentially dangerous and damaging, I believe Ofmatthew thinks she’s actually doing the right thing here. Death is common in Gilead and I didn't know that Martha, but I do know June, and I know that June, my friend, will be killed for what she's doing. So I think when I get that woman killed, it is truly to protect June. I think Ofmatthew expects a, "Thank you, you're right, I was going down the wrong path and thank you for showing me the light!”
"Any time I read something and thought 'That’s so wrong!” I would be like, well, let me find a way to make that right, because that's what Ofmatthew does.'"
HB: Ofmatthew’s piety is such a big part of her characterization. Was there any particular research or preparation you did that helped you understand that mindset?
AL: I'd never played anyone whose beliefs are so challenging to myself. I've never played anyone who was just so polar opposite of me. But I will say, I’m from Chicago and I grew up in a household that went to church. I was raised Christian, and so I have a lot of experience with some of the more zealous type of Christians, unfortunately. And also reading the news and listening to certain people's belief systems in U.S. politics, and thinking that they are fundamentally wrong, I used all of that. Any time I read something and thought, "That’s so wrong!" I would be like, well, let me find a way to make that right, because that's what Ofmatthew does.
HB: Was there anything in particular in the news that resonated for you?
AL: The show I think has always been very relevant and current, and I found while we were filming that I didn't focus too much on the cultural and societal impact, because I thought it would be distracting. But now that the show is out, it’s terrifying. These fetal heartbeat laws, that’s the thing currently where I’m like, we’ve done it again, unintentionally. We have become the most relevant show, again, because now we have these laws coming out that are right out of Gilead. Now that we're done filming for the season, I’ve found that I’m really taking note of just how relevant the show is, and that's terrifying.
Emma Dibdin Contributor Emma Dibdin writes about television, movies, and podcasts, with coverage including opinion essays, news posts, episodic reviews and in-depth interviews with creatives.
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/*
* This file is part of muCommander, http://www.mucommander.com
*
* muCommander is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* muCommander is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
package com.mucommander.ui.layout;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Window;
import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.event.AncestorEvent;
import javax.swing.event.AncestorListener;
import com.mucommander.text.Translator;
import com.mucommander.ui.icon.SpinningDial;
/**
* <code>AsyncPanel</code> is a <code>JPanel</code> aimed at components that potentially take a long time to
* initialize. It allows to deport their initialization in a separate thread as to not lock the event thread.
* It works as follows:
* <ol>
* <li>Initially, AsyncPanel displays a 'please wait component' that symbolizes the fact that the contents of the
* panel is being loaded.</li>
* <li>When AsyncPanel becomes visible on screen, the {@link #getTargetComponent()} method is called to trigger the
* initialization of the real component to display.</li>
* <li>As soon as the method returns, the wait component is removed and the target component added to AsyncPanel.
* If AsyncPanel is the child of a <code>java.awt.Window</code>, the window is repacked to take into account the
* new size of this panel.</li>
* </ol>
*
* <p>This panel tries to be as 'transparent' as possible for the target component: the borders of this panel are empty
* and its layout is a <code>BorderLayout</code> where the target component is added to the center.</p>
*
* @author Maxence Bernard
*/
public abstract class AsyncPanel extends JPanel {
/** The component displayed while the target component is being loaded */
private JComponent waitComponent;
/** This field becomes true when this panel has become visible on screen. */
private boolean visibleOnScreen;
/**
* Creates a new <code>AsyncPanel</code> with the default wait component.
*/
public AsyncPanel() {
this(getDefaultWaitComponent());
}
/**
* Creates a new <code>AsyncPanel</code> that displays the given component while the target component is being
* loaded.
*
* @param waitComponent the component to display while the target component is being loaded
*/
public AsyncPanel(JComponent waitComponent) {
super(new BorderLayout());
this.waitComponent = waitComponent;
add(waitComponent, BorderLayout.CENTER);
// Starts loading the component when this panel has become visible on screen
addAncestorListener(new AncestorListener() {
public void ancestorAdded(AncestorEvent e) {
if(visibleOnScreen)
return;
visibleOnScreen = true;
removeAncestorListener(this);
loadTargetComponent();
}
public void ancestorRemoved(AncestorEvent event) {}
public void ancestorMoved(AncestorEvent event) {}
});
}
/**
* Loads the target component by calling {@link #getTargetComponent()} and replace the wait component by it.
*/
private void loadTargetComponent() {
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
JComponent targetComponent = getTargetComponent();
remove(waitComponent);
setBorder(new EmptyBorder(0, 0, 0, 0));
add(targetComponent, BorderLayout.CENTER);
updateLayout();
}
}.start();
}
/**
* Returns the default component to be displayed while the target component is being loaded.
*
* @return the default component to be displayed while the target component is being loaded
*/
private static JComponent getDefaultWaitComponent() {
JLabel label = new JLabel(Translator.get("loading"));
label.setIcon(new SpinningDial(24, 24, true));
// Center the label both horizontally and vertically
JPanel tempPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridy = 0;
gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
tempPanel.add(label, gbc);
return tempPanel;
}
/////////////////////////
// Overridable methods //
/////////////////////////
/**
* Packs the parent Window that contains this component, if any. This method is called once the target component
* has been made initialized and added to this panel. This method can be overridden by subclasses if additional work
* needs to be done to update the layout.
*/
protected void updateLayout() {
Container tla = getTopLevelAncestor();
if(tla instanceof Window)
((Window)tla).pack();
}
//////////////////////
// Abstract methods //
//////////////////////
public abstract JComponent getTargetComponent();
}
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Q:
Jquery adding href to link which includes javascript function
Was looking at ways to clean up the following link :
<a href="javascript:void((function()%7Bvar%20e=document.createElement('script');e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8');e.setAttribute('src','http://assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)%7D)());"><img src="/images/Social%20Media/pinterest.png"/></a>
To something like
<a id="pinterest><img src="/images/Social%20Media/pinterest.png"/></a>
and the href part through Jquery
A:
I think you want this
HTML
<a id="pinterest" href="">
<img src="/images/Social%20Media/pinterest.png"/>
</a>
JS
$('#pinterest').attr("href","javascript:void((function()%7Bvar%20e=document.createElement('script');e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8');e.setAttribute('src','http://assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)%7D)());");
An example here. Click the image in the example to check.
|
A prospective, randomised trial comparing closed intramedullary nailing with percutaneous plating in the treatment of distal metaphyseal fractures of the tibia.
We compared the outcome of closed intramedullary nailing with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using a percutaneous locked compression plate in patients with a distal metaphyseal fracture in a prospective study. A total of 85 patients were randomised to operative stabilisation either by a closed intramedullary nail (44) or by minimally invasive osteosynthesis with a compression plate (41). Pre-operative variables included the patients' age and the side and pattern of the fracture. Peri-operative variables were the operating time and the radiation time. Postoperative variables were wound problems, the time to union of the fracture, the functional American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle surgery score and removal of hardware. We found no significant difference in the pre-operative variables or in the time to union in the two groups. However, the mean radiation time and operating time were significantly longer in the locked compression plate group (3.0 vs 2.12 minutes, p < 0.001, and 97.9 vs 81.2 minutes, p < 0.001, respectively).After one year, all the fractures had united. Patients who had intramedullary nailing had a higher mean pain score (40 = no pain, 0 = severe pain), [corrected] but better function, alignment and total American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle surgery scores, although the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.234, p = 0.157, p = 0.897, p = 0.177 respectively). Three (6.8%) patients in the intramedullary nailing group and six (14.6%) in the locked compression plate group showed delayed wound healing, and 37 (84.1%) in the former group and 38 (92.7%) in the latter group expressed a wish to have the implant removed. We conclude that both closed intramedullary nailing and a percutaneous locked compression plate can be used safely to treat Orthopaedic Trauma Association type-43A distal metaphyseal fractures of the tibia. However, closed intramedullary nailing has the advantage of a shorter operating and radiation time and easier removal of the implant. We therefore prefer closed intramedullary nailing for patients with these fractures. |
United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
F I L E D
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
January 18, 2005
For the Fifth Circuit
___________________________ Charles R. Fulbruge III
Clerk
No. 04-20057
___________________________
LYKES LINES LIMITED;
TMM LINES LIMITED, LLC,
Plaintiffs - Appellees,
VERSUS
M/V BBC SEALAND, in rem; ET AL,
Defendants,
BBC CHARTERING & LOGISTICS GMBH & CO KG,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeals from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Texas
Before KING, Chief Judge, HIGGINBOTHAM and DAVIS, Circuit Judges.
W. EUGENE DAVIS, Circuit Judge:
Defendant BBC Chartering & Logistics GMBH & Co. K.G. appeals the judgment of
the district court denying the lien it claimed against cargo owned by Lykes Lines Limited and
TMM Lines Limited, L.L.C. It also appeals the award of a lien against its vessel, the BBC
Sealand, in rem, for TMM/Lykes’ transshipment costs. We affirm.
1
I.
BBC Chartering & Logistics GBMH & Co., K.G. (“BBC”) is the owner of the vessel
M/V BBC Sealand ( “Sealand”). Argonaut Shipping International and Pegasus Marine
Finance (“Argonaut/Pegasus”) are two companies owned by sole shareholder Cosvogiannis.1
TMM Lines Ltd., LLC and Lykes Lines Ltd. (“TMM/Lykes”) was the cargo owner. CPS
Ships is the parent of TMM/Lykes.
TMM/Lykes contracted via an agent, JBL, with Argonaut/Pegasus to transport cargo
in 89 containers from Itajai, Brazil to Puerto Cabello, Venezuela and to Houston, Texas, at
a price of $210,600. Argonaut/Pegasus chartered the Sealand from BBC to transport this and
other cargo. No contractual relationship existed between TMM/Lykes and BBC or the
Sealand.
The charter agreement between BBC and Argonaut/Pegasus contained a lien provision
which provided that the owner (BBC) would have a lien on the cargo for freight and all other
amounts due under the charter including costs of recovery.2 The charter agreement also
provided that only the vessel owner, master or owner’s agent could issue bills of lading.
Charter hire was set at $366,000 payable in a lump sum and the charter agreement stated that
the vessel would not leave a loading port until the freight was paid in full.
1
The district court pierced the veil of these companies to treat them as t e alter ego of
h
Cosvogiannis and also held that they are the same company.
2
The Owners shall have a lien on the cargo and on all sub-freights payable in respect of the
cargo, for freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages and for all other amounts due under
this charter party including costs of recovering same.
2
On December 14, 2001, the Sealand arrived in Itajai and TMM/Lykes’ cargo was
loaded. BBC advised Argonaut/Pegasus that the vessel was arriving and that it would not
sail from the load port until the freight was paid. Despite the fact that the freight was not
paid, the Sealand sailed from Itajai destined for Santos that same day. On December 18,
2001, Argonaut/Pegasus issued bills of lading without authorization from BBC for the cargo
loaded in Itajai. The bills of lading contained a lien clause in favor of the “carrier.”
“Carrier” is defined as “Pegasus and any connecting or substituted Carrier performing
transportation under the transportation agreement evidenced by this bill of lading.” On
December 19th, the Sealand arrived in Santos, Brazil, where cargo belonging to BBC was
loaded. On December, 20, 2001, BBC forwarded draft bills of lading for the TMM/Lykes’
cargo to Argonaut/Pegasus, noting that originals would come from BBC’s Houston office.
The record reflects that on either December 19th or 26th, 2001, TMM/Lykes paid the
full amount it owed in freight to Argonaut/Pegasus. CP Ships’ corporate representative
testified that freight was paid on December 19th by electronic transfer. He acknowledged
that the bills of lading issued by Argonaut/Pegasus were marked “freight prepaid” even
though on the date of issuance, December 18th, freight had not yet been paid. Receipts from
JBL for the payment are dated December 26th. From these facts BBC contends that the
payments were made December 26th. The district court did not make a finding on this point.
On January 8, 2002, the Sealand arrived offshore Puerto Cabello where TMM/Lykes’
cargo was to be discharged. As it had at various stages of the voyage, BBC demanded
payment of freight from Argonaut/Pegasus and advised that the Sealand would wait for 48
3
hours and if freight was not paid, the vessel would transport the cargo to Houston, its next
port of call. The parties attempted unsuccessfully to negotiate a compromise. In e-mails
BBC acknowledged that CP Ships (TMM/Lykes’ parent) had paid Argonaut/Pegasus but that
Argonaut/Pegasus had not yet paid BBC. After 48 hours, the Sealand sailed for Houston
without discharging TMM/Lykes’ cargo.
On January 10, 2002, Argonaut/Pegasus forwarded a copy of the BBC/Argonaut
charter party to TMM/Lykes’ parent, CP Ships. The next day, BBC advised
Argonaut/Pegasus and CP Ships that unless it received all freight due, it would assert a
freight lien against the cargo once the vessel arrived in Houston. The Sealand arrived in
Houston on January 17, 2002. The cargo was discharged to BBC’s warehouse, but later
released to TMM/Lykes after posting of security. TMM/Lykes then transshipped the
Venezuela cargo from Houston to Venezuela. BBC never received payment due under the
charter party.
When the Sealand arrived in Houston, BBC filed a complaint against the cargo in rem
seeking to enforce BBC’s lien for nonpayment of freight. The claim was amended to add
an in personam claim against Argonaut/Pegasus and Cosvogiannis. TMM/Lykes filed a
complaint against the Sealand, BBC and Argonaut/Pegasus alleging breach of contract,
damage to the cargo and conversion. TMM/Lykes also arrested the Sealand asserting a
maritime lien for its claims. In a separate proceeding, BBC obtained an arbitration judgment
against Argonaut/Pegasus.
After a bench trial, the district court entered judgment in favor of BBC against
4
Argonaut/Pegasus and Cosvogiannis for $407,486 and in favor of TMM/Lykes against
Argonaut/Pegasus and Cosvogiannis for $124,509. No appeal was taken from these awards.
The court also found that the Sealand committed a deviation by failing to deliver the
TMM/Lykes cargo to its intended destination, Puerto Cabello, and entered judgment for
TMM/Lykes against the Sealand for TMM/Lykes’ cost of transhipping the cargo from
Houston to Puerto Cabello. The court concluded that BBC was not entitled to a lien against
TMM/Lykes’ cargo for the vessel’s freight charges and denied relief on that claim. BBC and
the Sealand appeal.
II.
BBC argues that the district court erred by finding that BBC could not assert a
carrier’s lien for freight against TMM/Lykes’ cargo, in rem. BBC is correct that maritime
law recognizes a lien arising as a matter of law in favor of the vessel owner against the cargo
for charges including unpaid freight. Gilmore & Black, The Law of Admiralty (2d ed.), §
9-20, n. 103, quoting The Bird of Paradise, 72 U.S. (5 Wall) 545, 554 (1866); see also
Tetley, Maritime Liens and Claims (2d. ed.), 786-87; 2 Benedict on Admiralty § 45.
However, when cargo is shipped under a charter, this lien only extends to cargo that is
owned by the charterer. Id.
The cargo in this case was not owned by the charterer, Argonaut/Pegasus, but by a
third party shipper, TMM/Lykes.
When cargo shipped under a charter is owned by a third party, general
maritime law does not give the shipowner a lien against either the cargo or the
freight money. Charter parties, however, customarily provide that the owner
5
shall have lien against cargo and freight and require the charterer to insert
appropriate clauses in bills of lading subjecting the bills to the lien provision
in the charter.
Gilmore & Black, The Law of Admiralty (2d ed.), § 9-20, n. 103; see also Tetley, Maritime
Liens and Claims (2d. ed.), 786-87; 2 Benedict on Admiralty § 45. The charter party
between BBC and Argonaut/Pegasus contains such provisions and provides that the vessel
owner will have a lien on the cargo for freight and all other amounts due under the charter
including costs of recovery.
The lien arising under the charter party does not arise by operation of maritime law,
as do other maritime liens. Finora Co. v. Amitie Shipping, 54 F.3d 209, 213 (4th Cir. 1995)
(citing 2 Benedict on Admiralty §45 n.5 (1994)). Rather, this lien is a creature of contract
and arises from the original charter party between the vessel owner, in this case BBC, and
the charterer, in this case, Argonaut/Pegasus. Id. To be enforceable against a third party
cargo owner, like TMM/Lykes, who is not a party to the charter party agreement, the vessel
owner’s lien must be perfected. Id.; Hornbeck Offshore Operators v. Ocean Line, 849 F.
Supp. 434, 439 (E.D. Va. 1994). To perfect its lien, the vessel owner must give actual notice
of the lien provision in the charter party to the cargo owner before the cargo owner pays its
freight to the bill of lading issuer. Otherwise the lien is discharged. Toro Shipping Corp.
v. Bacon-McMillan Veneer Mfg. Co., 364 F.2d 928 (5th Cir. 1966); Finora, 54 F.3d at 211-
12; Hornbeck, 849 F.Supp. at 439. Actual notice can be given, for example, by incorporating
the lien from the charter party in the bill of lading issued to the shipper or by providing a
copy of the charter party to the shipper. Hornbeck.
6
The district court found that TMM/Lykes did not have actual notice of the lien
provision in the BBC/Argonaut charter party until January 10, 2002, when BBC sent a copy
of the agreement to TMM/Lykes. The district court did not make a finding as to when
TMM/Lykes paid Argonaut/Pegasus. Although the bills of lading dated December 18th were
marked “freight prepaid,” CP Ships’ corporate representative testified that freight was paid
on December 19th by electronic transfer. Receipts from JBL for the payment are dated
December 26th. From this evidence, we are satisfied that the payments were made no later
than December 26th. If the district court is correct that TMM/Lykes did not have actual
notice of the lien provision in the charter party until January 10th, it correctly held that BBC
could not assert a lien against the cargo.
BBC argues that TMM/Lykes had constructive notice of the lien based on the
company’s knowledge that the Sealand would be the carrying vessel and because
Cosvogiannis asked CP Ships to confirm payment to BBC in writing. These arguments fail
because none of these facts constitute actual notice of the lien provision. Even if these facts
constitute constructive notice, constructive notice is insufficient to perfect liens against third
party cargo owners. Finora, 54 F.3d at 212.
BBC’s alternative argument is that the lien provision in the Argonaut/Pegasus bill of
lading provided actual notice of the charter party lien to TMM/Lykes. The Argonaut/Pegasus
bills of lading contains a provision that the “Carrier” shall have a lien on “all goods, which
survived delivery for all freight, demurrage . . . and other charges due under this contract.”
It also defines “Carrier” as “Pegasus Marine Finance, Inc. and any connecting Carrier
7
performing transportation under the transportation agreement evidenced by this bill of
lading.” The Sealand was identified as the vessel on the face of the bills of lading. BBC’s
argues that these provisions in the bill of lading coupled with TMM/Lykes’ knowledge that
the Sealand was the vessel which would be carrying their cargo constitute actual notice to
TMM/Lykes of the lien provision in the charter party in favor of BBC. We disagree.
We have found no cases supporting an argument that such incomplete information
places the cargo owner on notice of the lien provision in the charter party. The cases finding
notice generally do so when the cargo owner is notified that the vessel owner is claiming a
lien, the legal basis for the lien (the charter party agreement) and that the vessel owner
intends to enforce it by demanding payment of freights directly to it. For example in
Hornbeck at 437-38, the vessel owner’s agent notified the cargo owner that it claimed a lien
under the terms of the charter party and requested that the cargo owner pay all outstanding
freights owned to the charterer directly to the vessel owner. In Finora, a vessel owner’s
request to the subcharterer to pay subfreights directly to it was not actual notice of the lien
in favor of the vessel owner because it was based on the ground that the charterer had
assigned the subfreights. Finora at 211. The court held that the notice “should inform third-
party obligors of the existence of the lien, the legal basis for the lien, and the fact that the
lienholder intends to exercise it.” Finora at 212. Nothing in the Argonaut/Pegasus bill of
lading makes reference to a lien in favor of BBC, the legal basis for the lien (the charter party
agreement) or that BBC intended to enforce it. Finora, 54 F.3d at 212. The language of this
provision does not satisfy the requirement of “clear notice” required to impose a lien for
8
unpaid charter hire on cargo owned by a party not in privity with the vessel owner and
charterer. Id. Such notice was not given to TMM/Lykes until January 10, 2002, after
TMM/Lykes had paid its freight obligation to Argonaut/Pegasus.
Accordingly, the district court did not err by finding that BBC could not assert a
carrier’s lien for freight against TMM/Lykes’ cargo, in rem, either under the general
maritime law or pursuant to the lien provision in the charter party with Argonaut/Pegasus.
III.
BBC argues next that the district court erred in finding that the Sealand ratified and
then breached the bills of lading issued by Argonaut/Pegasus, making the Sealand liable in
rem for transshipment costs incurred by TMM/Lykes.
A.
BBC argues that the district court erred by concluding that the Sealand was bound by
bills of lading issued by Argonaut/Pegasus and liable thereunder for a deviation because the
bills of lading were unauthorized and because they were issued after the Sealand sailed with
the TMM/Lykes’ cargo on board. Neither of those factors affect the Sealand’s in rem
liability for a deviation. The general rule is that -
When cargo has been stowed on board the vessel and bills of lading are issued,
the bills of lading become binding contracts on the vessel in rem upon the
sailing of the vessel with the cargo. The sailing of the vessel constitutes a
ratification of the bills of lading. . . . This action gives rise to a maritime lien
which is the basis of the in rem recovery. Even though the vessel is operating
under charter parties, the lien against the vessel is not affected.
Cactus Pipe & Supply Co. v. M/V Montmartre, 756 F.2d 1103, 1113 (5th Cir. 1985)(citations
9
omitted). The bills of lading issued in Cactus Pipe by the charterer may have been
authorized by the master of the vessel. Id. at 1106, n.1. However, even if bills of lading are
issued without the master’s authority, as in this case, the same principle applies.
Moreover, if bills of lading are not signed by the master or with his authority,
but by the charterer, the sailing of the vessel with the cargo on board, and even
the receipt of the cargo on board, binds her in rem on the bills of lading as the
sailing, as well as the receipt of the cargo on board, is held to be ratification
of the bill of lading contracts.
2A Benedict on Admiralty §35, citing The Muskegon, 10 F.2d 817 (S.D.N.Y. 1924)(“If the
voyage is begun, the vessel must carry the goods to destination on the terms agreed by the
shipper with the charterer; for when the vessel starts upon the voyage, by implication, there
is a ratification and adoption by the ship of the charterer's contract with the shipper.”) It is
presumed that the master knows that the charterer will issue bills of lading for the cargo
loaded thus binding the vessel and cargo together. Id. Accordingly, the fact that the bills of
lading issued by the charterer Argonaut/Pegasus were unauthorized by the vessel is
irrelevant. Id.
BBC’s reliance on Insurance Co. of North America v. S/S American Argosy, 732 F.2d
299 (2d Cir. 1984), a case from the Second Circuit, is misplaced. That case holds that the
doctrine of ratification of a bill of lading does not apply to a bill of lading issued by a
“nonvessel operating common carrier” (N.V.O.C.C.) without the knowledge or consent of
the owner, charterer or master of the vessel.3 In this case, the bill of lading was not issued
3
A N.V.O.C.C. is a middleman who arranges for relatively small shipments to be picked up
from shippers, consolidated and shipped via a carrier or several carriers. Argosy, 732 F.2d at 301.
10
by a N.V.O.C.C., but by Argonaut/Pegasus, the charterer. In a ruling which no one appeals,
the district court found that “Argonaut, Pegasus, and Pegasus Marine S.A. are the same
company.” Accordingly, a bill of lading issued by Pegasus was issued by and with the
knowledge of the charterer, Argonaut, making this case distinguishable from the Argosy
decision.
This leaves only BBC’s contention that ratification can only occur if the bills of
lading are issued before the ship sails. According to 2A Benedict on Admiralty § 34, “the
common carrier’s liability starts upon accepting delivery of cargo for carriage” and “it is
clear that if the vessel sails before the bill of lading has been issued, the instrument which
is eventually issued is the contract covering the venture from the start.”
Based on the above, the district court did not err by binding the Sealand to the terms
of the bills of lading issued by Argonaut/Pegasus. A contract of carriage was created by the
acceptance of the cargo on board the Sealand for transport and the terms of the bill of lading,
even if not authorized by the vessel, set the terms of the agreement.
B.
BBC argues next that assuming a valid contract was formed when the Sealand ratified
the bills of lading, the district court erred in finding that the Sealand breached the contract
by failing to discharge cargo in Puerto Cabello. The district court, in its Second Amended
Final Judgment, found that when the Sealand did not discharge TMM/Lykes cargo in
11
Venezuela as required by the bills of lading, but instead discharged the cargo in Houston,
Texas, this constituted a deviation and a breach of contract for which the vessel is liable for
the costs incurred by TMM/Lykes to ship the cargo from Houston to its correct destination,
Puerto Cabello. We agree.
Deviation “has come to mean any variation in the conduct of a ship in the carriage of
goods whereby the risk incident to the shipment will be increased, such as carrying the cargo
on the deck of the ship contrary to custom and without the consent of the shipper, delay in
carrying the goods, failure to deliver the goods at the port named in the bill of lading and
carrying them farther to another port, or bringing them back to the port of original shipment
and reshipping them.” C.A. Articulos Nacionales de Goma Gomaven v. M/V Aragua, 756
F.2d 1156, 1158 (5th Cir. 1985)(emphasis added). By carrying TMM/Lykes’ cargo that was
bound for Venezuela to Houston, the Sealand deviated. Only an “unreasonable” deviation
has any affect on the liability of the vessel. This court has found “a shipper can make out
a case of unreasonable deviation simply by proving that his cargo was offloaded at a place
other than the stipulated destination.” Spartus Corp. v. The S/S Yafo, 590 F.2d 1310, 1314
(5th Cir. 1979).4
BBC argues that its performance was excused by commercial impracticability because
4
In its reply brief, BBC argues that in order to make a finding of deviation, the district court
would also have to make a determination of whether the deviation was reasonable or unreasonable,
which it failed to do. Because this argument was not raised until BBC’s reply brief, we decline to
consider it. Baris v. Sulpicio Lines, 932 F.2d 1540, 1546 n. 9 (5th Cir.) ("Customarily we decline
even to consider arguments raised for the first time in a reply brief."), cert. denied 112 S. Ct. 430, 116
L. Ed. 2d 449 (1991).
12
of the failure of Argonaut/Pegasus to provide a berth, stevedores and pay freight as required
in the “free in and out” provision in the charter party. We disagree. The “free in and out”
provision “simply means that the vessel does not pay for the costs of loading, stowage or
discharge. Nitram, Inc. v. Cretan Life, 599 F.2d 1359, 1369 n. 18 (5th Cir. 1979). Those
duties were allocated to Argonaut/Pegasus under the charter party. However, any breach by
Argonaut/Pegasus of terms of the charter party, to which TMM/Lykes was not a party, can
not serve as a basis of relieving BBC’s or the Sealand’s obligations under the separate
contract with TMM/Lykes created by the Sealand’s ratification of the bills of lading.
Second, failure of Argonaut/Pegasus to provide a berth, stevedores or pay freight would not
appear to constitute commercial impracticability. Allocating those duties to
Argonaut/Pegasus does not make BBC’s duty to discharge cargo at the designated port
“possible only at excessive or unreasonable cost” or “alter[] the essential nature of the charter
party agreement” as would constitute commercial impracticability. Asphalt International,
Inc. v. Enterprise Shipping Corp., 667 F.2d 261, 266 (2d Cir. 1981). Accordingly, BBC or
the Sealand’s breach of their agreement with TMM/Lykes cannot be excused on this basis.
The district court did not err in finding that the Sealand breached the contract of
carriage by failing to discharge cargo in Puerto Cabello or in holding the Sealand liable in
rem for the transshipment costs incurred as a result of the breach.
IV.
BBC argues next that TMM/Lykes can only recover that portion of its claim of
13
damages that is supported by documentary proof. It concedes that $43,886 in damages are
supported by documentary evidence. This contention is without merit. The remainder of the
expenses were established by the deposition testimony of a TMM/Lykes corporate
representative whom BBC had the opportunity to cross examine. His testimony itemized the
costs incurred by TMM/Lykes to transship the cargo to its correct destination. BBC does not
challenge any particular item as not allowable and none of the costs making up the total of
$124,509 awarded are estimates or speculative in nature. The district court did not err in
awarding damages based in part on oral testimony.
V.
BBC argues finally that the district court erred in granting TMM/Lykes’ Rule 60
Motions because those motions allowed the plaintiff to improperly relitigate the issue of
deviation. Essentially, what BBC is arguing is that by adding a finding of deviation to the
second Amended Final Judgment, the district court improperly changed the legal substance
of the judgment. This argument misreads the post judgment rulings in this case.
In its original Memorandum and Order, the district court denied TMM/Lykes’ in rem
and in personam claims against BBC and the Sealand because it concluded that
“TMM/Lykes’ deviation claim arises from its status as a third party beneficiary of the
Argonaut-BBC charter agreement” rather than from the contract of carriage it found between
TMM/Lykes and the Sealand. The district court also found that “TMM/Lykes’ breach of
contract claim fails because there is no privity of contract between BBC and TMM/Lykes,
and because there was no physical damage to the cargo.”
14
TMM/Lykes filed a Rule 59(e) Motion to Alter or Amend the Judgment.
TMM/Lykes’ position in the motion was that because the district court found in its original
judgment that the Sealand ratified the bills of lading issued by Argonaut/Pegasus and was
liable, in rem, for any loss or damages to the cargo, it should have also provided for recovery
against the Sealand for the deviation. It challenged the findings that TMM/Lykes’ deviation
claim was dependent upon the Argonaut/BBC charter agreement as opposed to the contract
of carriage between TMM/Lykes and the Sealand based on the ratified bills of lading. It also
argued that the Sealand had unreasonably deviated from the contract by refusing to discharge
cargo in Venezuela. Finally, the motion argued that the court erred in concluding that no
maritime lien arises for a breach of contract of carriage when there is no physical damage or
loss to the cargo.
On November 14, the district court granted TMM/Lykes’ motion. The district court
revised the challenged finding by deleting references to the TMM/Lykes’ deviation claim
being dependent on the charter and, significantly, revised one finding to read “TMM/Lykes’s
breach of contract claim against the in rem defendant is established. The Plaintiffs sustained
$124, 509.04 in damages proximately caused by the breach and may recover against the in
rem defendant.” (These damages are TMM/Lykes’ transshipment cost to ship the Venezuela
cargo from Houston.) It repeated its prior findings that the arbitration panel had found that
Argonaut/Pegasus breached the charter, and BBC did not. A revised final judgment was not
issued.
In December, BBC filed a Motion for Reconsideration or to Alter or Amend the
15
Judgment. BBC argued that the Sealand should not be liable in rem because the failure to
discharge in Venezuela was not the fault of the vessel, that TMM/Lykes failed to supports
its damages and that if the Sealand is liable to TMM/Lykes, BBC should be indemnified by
Argonaut/Cosvogiannis. At the same time, TMM/Lykes filed a Motion to Correct Clerical
Error or Alternatively for Relief from Judgment under Rule 60. TMM/Lykes argued that the
Final Judgment did not accurately reflect the amended findings because it did not allow for
in rem recovery against the Sealand for the deviation based on the breach of the contract of
carriage evidenced by the bills of lading. The district court issued an Amended Final
Judgment that allowed TMM/Lykes to recover from BBC but again did not reflect the in rem
liability against the Sealand. BBC’s Motion was denied.
TMM/Lykes filed a second Rule 60 Motion seeking to have the in rem liability of the
Sealand added to the judgment. The district court granted the motion and issued a Second
Amended Final Judgment. This judgment reflected that TMM/Lykes could recover $124,509
against Argonaut / Pegasus / Cosvogiannis and/or the Sealand. It also included the
following, “The BBC Sealand did not discharge the TMM/Lykes cargo in Venezuela as
required in the bills of lading but instead discharged the cargo in Houston, Texas. This
constituted a deviation for which the vessel is liable for the transshipment costs in the
amount of $124,509 incurred by TMM/Lykes.”
BBC argues that this final amended judgment erroneously permitted a substantive
change to the original judgment to be effected through Rule 60. We disagree. The district
court’s grant of TMM/Lykes’ Rule 59 Motion and its revised finding that “TMM/Lykes’s
16
breach of contract claim against the in rem defendant is established” necessarily incorporated
a conclusion that the Sealand committed deviation. Deviation is the only possible source of
breach identified by any of the parties. The final change in the judgment was a clerical one
that was necessary to harmonize the judgment to the court’s ruling on TMM/Lykes’ Rule 59
Motion.
VI.
In summary, BBC chartered its vessel the Sealand to Argonaut/Pegasus which never
paid its charter hire owed to BBC. Argonaut/Pegasus arranged with TMM/Lykes for carriage
of its cargo on the Sealand. TMM/Lykes paid its freight due to Argonaut/Pegasus. BBC
attempted self help by refusing to discharge TMM/Lykes’ Venezuela bound cargo and by
claiming a lien on the cargo once the vessel reached Houston, Texas. However,
BBC/Sealand’s acceptance of and sailing with TMM/Lykes’ cargo in conjunction with the
issuance of bills of lading by its charterer Argonaut/Pegasus created a contract of carriage
between the Sealand and TMM/Lykes which was breached when the vessel failed to
discharge cargo at its proper destination. BBC/Sealand could have protected itself from
nonpayment of charter hire in several ways. It could have refused cargo in Itajai until its
charter hire was paid as set forth in the charter party or it could have perfected its lien against
the cargo by giving TMM/Lykes actual notice of the lien provision in the charter party before
TMM/Lykes paid its freight to the charterer Argonaut/Pegasus. Argonaut/Pegasus is the
wrongdoer in this transaction. But as between BBC and the Sealand and TMM/Lykes, BBC
and its vessel the Sealand were in the best position to protect themselves against
17
nonpayment. They failed to do so and the district court’s judgment in favor of TMM/Lykes
is affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
18
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Catharina Felser
Catharina Felser (born October 2, 1982) is a German race car driver born in Siegburg, North Rhine-Westphalia. Catharina started her career in karting during 1997, moving up to Austrian Formula Ford in 2000. Her performances there resulted in one race in German Formula Ford, also during 2000. In 2001, she competed in German Formula BMW.
Felser continued to advance her career, stepping up to German Formula Three in 2002, driving for the van Amersfoort and KMS teams. She moved to the Trella team in 2003 before leaving the series and single-seater racing in 2004, joining the German Seat Leon Cupra Cup to drive the number 16 car.
In 2008 Catharina Felser is driving a KTM X-Bow in the FIA GT4 for Team Reiter Engineering.
References
F3-Cup: Catharina Felser im Cockpit bei Klaus Trella
Catharina Felser official site
Catharina Felser page on GT4Cup.com
Driver for Reiter Engineering
Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Siegburg
Category:German racing drivers
Category:German female racing drivers
Category:Racing drivers from North Rhine-Westphalia |
Q:
Why is setup.py executed twice by pip?
Consider a very simple setup.py:
from setuptools import setup, find_packages
print('WAAAAAAAAA') # executed twice!
setup(
name="foo",
version="190425",
description="bar",
author="Developers",
author_email="me@domain.com",
install_requires=["pyzmq", "pybullet"],
packages=find_packages(),
)
Why exactly is the module loaded twice when running pip install . -v and what can I do to guard the code so it runs only once per invocation of pip, just like setup()?
A:
The answer turns out to be that pip install . executes setup.py twice (the verbose output actually says it) since it executes the egg_info subcommand and then the install subcommand.
A possible solution is to check if sys.argv[1] == 'install' and only then execute whatever is desired.
|
Q:
Delphi - Open project programmatically in IDE
I would open .dproj files programmatically with embarcadero studio.
I know the path to dproj file and path to bds.exe, how can i do it?
A:
You can open a delphi project from a cmd with the command:
"C:\DelphiInstallation\bin\bds.exe" -pDelphi "C:\Source\YourProjectFile.dproj"
From within Delphi you can use this code:
ShellExecute(Application.Handle,
'open',
PChar('"C:\DelphiInstallation\bin\bds.exe"'),
PChar('-pDelphi "C:\Source\YourProjectFile.dproj"'),
nil,
SW_SHOWNORMAL)
|
// THIS FILE IS AUTOGENERATED, DO NOT MODIFY MANUALLY
/* tslint:disable */
/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
* License. v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file.
* You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
import * as React from 'react'
import GenerateComponentForGraphic from './template'
// Direct access to SVG
export const Graphic = (
<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'>
<path d='M26.43 6H7.57A2.6 2.6 0 0 0 5 8.64V12H4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h1v3.36A2.6 2.6 0 0 0 7.57 26H16a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H7.57a.61.61 0 0 1-.57-.64V20h5a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-6a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H7V8.64A.61.61 0 0 1 7.57 8h18.86a.61.61 0 0 1 .57.64V14a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V8.64A2.6 2.6 0 0 0 26.43 6zM11 18H5v-4h6z'
/>
<path d='M8.92 17a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2zM28 19a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v2.59l-5.29-5.3a1 1 0 0 0-1.42 1.42l5.3 5.29H23a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h5a1 1 0 0 0 .38-.08 1 1 0 0 0 .54-.54A1 1 0 0 0 29 25v-5a1 1 0 0 0-1-1z'
/>
</svg>
)
// Styled Component for SVG
export default GenerateComponentForGraphic(Graphic)
|
Thursday, March 12, 2015
Curry Fish Head @ Kam Long Restaurant Johor Bahru (阿福街金龙阿仔咖哩鱼头)
Curry Fish Head lovers would probably have long heard about Kam Long Restaurant (金龙咖哩鱼头) along Jalan Wong Ah Fook at Johor Bahru. Located near City Square, we made our way to the shop early in the morning.
Considered ourselves lucky, the queue was bearable. It was full house but we waited patiently before securing a table. Browsing through the menu on the wall, it was not hard to decide what to order as diners came all the way here for Kam Long's one and only attraction - Curry Fish Head.
One Person - RM 17
Small - RM 20
Medium - RM 30
Large - RM 40
Rice (Large) - RM 1
Rice (Small) - RM 0.50
Tau Kee - RM 3
Extra Veggie - RM 5
Whether it is dine-in or take-away. it was a busy sight within the shop. Pots and pots of red snapper fish heads were in the midst of cooking.
We waited for 20 minutes before our order (Large Curry Fish Head) was served. It was sizzling piping hot and the aroma was irresistible!
Taking a sip of the curry, it was a little spicy but not too over-whelming for me and the children. It is simply perfect to go with plain rice. The fish meat is firm which tasted spicy and sweet at the same time. Long beans, lady fingers, cabbage, fried tofu skin filled the claypot and we truly enjoyed our meal. The only pity I have was not able to spot any brinjal which was my personal favourite.
If you are around City Square and have a craving for Curry Fish Head, do give it a try. |
Nature's Best Photography: Antelope Canyon, Ariz.
Peter Lik’s photograph of Antelope Canyon is today’s featured picture from Nature’s Best Photography. Click the related links below to see more amazing nature photography.
Peter Lik / Nature's Best Photography
Located near the border between Utah and northern Arizona, the tranquil Antelope Canyon is named for the herds of wild pronghorn that roamed the area long ago. Water running through the sandstone over the past millennia has sculpted graceful passageways, where shafts of light occasionally shine down from “slots” above.
Photographer Peter Lik said:“The biggest lesson I have learned in photography is that timing is everything. No matter how perfect your technique and equipment, if you aren’t in the right place at the right time, you simply won’t get the shot. In the underground caves of Antelope Canyon, I knew the summer sun would pass directly overhead at midday. As my only opportunity for the shot approached, a narrow sliver of light beamed down through a keyhole onto the sandy canyon floor. At the precise moment I clicked the shutter, my Navajo Indian guide threw a handful of dust into the light. It wasn’t until weeks later, when I finally got to review the results of the shoot, that I was able to see the ghostlike human form that emerged." |
Firmware Support Enables Fast Boot Implementations: Product Brief
Firmware Support Enables Fast Boot Implementations: Product Brief
Intel® Firmware Support Package (Intel® FSP) provides key firmware components for initializing Intel silicon, including the processor, memory controller, chipset, and certain bus interfaces, as needed. It can be easily integrated into a boot loader of the developer’s choice, such as coreboot*, Wind River VxWorks*, BIOS, Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS), Linux,* and open source firmware. Intel® FSP is easy to adopt, economical to build, and scalable to design, thereby reducing time-to-market. As it is not a stand-alone boot loader, it must be integrated with a host boot loader infrastructure to carry out other functions. This includes initializing non-Intel components, conducting bus enumeration, and discovering devices in the system.
Read the full Firmware Support Enables Fast Boot Implementations Product Brief.
Intel FSP is easy to adopt, economical to build, and scalable to design, thereby reducing time-to-market. As it is not a stand-alone boot loader, it must be integrated with a host boot loader infrastructure to carry out other functions. This includes initializing non-Intel components, conducting bus enumeration, and discovering devices in the system.
Intel® Firmware Support Package (Intel® FSP) provides key firmware components for initializing Intel silicon, including the processor, memory controller, chipset, and certain bus interfaces, as needed. It can be easily integrated into a boot loader of the developer’s choice, such as coreboot*, Wind River VxWorks*, BIOS, Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS), Linux,* and open source firmware. Intel® FSP is easy to adopt, economical to build, and scalable to design, thereby reducing time-to-market. As it is not a stand-alone boot loader, it must be integrated with a host boot loader infrastructure to carry out other functions. This includes initializing non-Intel components, conducting bus enumeration, and discovering devices in the system.
Read the full Firmware Support Enables Fast Boot Implementations Product Brief.
Intel FSP is easy to adopt, economical to build, and scalable to design, thereby reducing time-to-market. As it is not a stand-alone boot loader, it must be integrated with a host boot loader infrastructure to carry out other functions. This includes initializing non-Intel components, conducting bus enumeration, and discovering devices in the system. |
Q:
Ruby on Rails Foreigner plugin not working for SQL Server
Well, now that I've finally got my stupid ODBC stuff configured, I took a schema.rb file that I dumped from a Postgres database and did a db:schema:load on it in a Rails project configured for SQL Server.
Well, it sets up all the schema in the SQL Server database except for a minor detail: No foreign keys are created.
The rake command doesn't show any errors and does say it is adding foreign keys. But they don't actually get added. This is the last bit from the command:
-- add_foreign_key("workhistoryform", "form", {:name=>"workhistoryform_form_rid_fkey", :column=>"form_rid", :primary_key=>"form_rid"})
-> 0.0002s
-- initialize_schema_migrations_table()
-> 0.0092s
-- assume_migrated_upto_version(0)
-> 0.0942s
[earlz@earlzarch avp_msql_migrations]$
So what is the problem? Does the Foreigner plugin not work in SQL Server? If it didn't I'd expect to see an error or something...
A:
Ok, I fixed it. Well, hacked it anyway. Foreigner doesn't actually have built in support for SQL Server, but it is close enough to SQL_2003 that it works (minus removing Foreign Keys and detecting the Schema)
I made a post about it on my blog which basically boiled down to adding a to the list of adapters and creating a very simple new adapter for SQL Server(use the PostgreSQL adapter as a template). (modifying the Foreigner gem)
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This invention pertains to new and improved operable wall systems. More specifically it is directed to operable wall systems which are particularly adapted to include and/or use comparatively heavy and/or large wall panels.
The expressions "operable wall" and "operable wall system" are currently utilized to designate walls or partitions capable of being manipulated so as to divide a comparatively large room or space into two separate rooms or spaces and which are also, of course, capable of being manipulated so as to join two separate rooms or spaces into a single larger room or space. These operable walls or wall systems are commonly utilized in many different applications. They are frequently employed in connection with comparatively large meeting or banquet halls because they enable those responsible for the management of such establishments to provide either comparatively large or comparatively small rooms or spaces as needed in particular circumstances.
Such operable walls or operable wall systems have been constructed in a number of different ways. Virtually all of such operable walls or wall sytems include a type of track structure or track means, a plurality of elongated wall panels having upper edges generally adjacent to the track structure and a plurality of trolleys connecting the upper edge of the wall panels with the track structure in such a manner so as to permit the wall system to be manipulated between an open or unfolded configuration in which the panels are located in substantially an edge to edge relationship so as to define or form a partition or wall and a closed or folded configuration in which the panels are located adjacent to one another in a stacked or side by side orientation.
It is not considered that an understanding of the present invention requires a detailed discussion of all of the various different operable walls or wall systems which have been constructed so as to utilize parts as are described in the preceding connected or associated so as to obtain the mode of operation briefly indicated in this discussion. Most commonly, prior operable wall systems have utilized a single trolley in association with each wall panel employed in the system. Normally these trolleys have been located along the upper edges of the wall panels and the panels have been joined in edge to edge relationship by hinges or similar elements connecting the side edges of the panels.
Structures of this type are unquestionably highly utilitarian in many applications. However, structures of this type are not considered to be particularly desirable for use in operable walls or wall systems where, for one reason or another, it is necessary to utilize comparatively large and or heavy wall or similar panels. The reasons for this are also not discussed in this specification because it is considered that an understanding of this invention is unrelated to a detailed understanding of problems and complications encountered in connection with the particular type of prior known operable walls or operable wall systems noted in the prior discussion. It is considered important to note, however, that the present invention is related to a recognition of a need for new and improved operable walls or wall systems which can be utilized with comparatively large and/or heavy wall panels. |
Q:
.htaccess redirect leads to all browsers saying "privacy error, connection not private"
So I want to redirect one of my websites including every single page to the root of another one. I did so by doing this:
Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule (.*) https://www.newdomain.com/ [R=301,L]
Now when I go to any link of my old website, I get this security warning in the browser:
NET::ERR_CERT_AUTHORITY_INVALID
Attackers might be trying to steal your information from www.olddomain.com (for example, passwords, messages or credit cards).
The old website was http and the new one is https if that might help?
A:
I got it. I was hosting the .htaccess accidentally on the same virtual host in Plesk as the new website. So the .htaccess was already responding with the https protocol. I created a new virtual host to accept connections from the domain via http now.
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Q:
find unique rows using SQL?
I want to return all the rows from a table which are unique. I.e. if a certain field in two rows contain the same name, that name shouldn't be shown.
A:
Since you want only the uniques names (and not an unique row for every names like you could have with DISTINCT), you have to use a GROUP BY and a HAVING (instead of a WHERE, because your parameter is the result of a function, not a variable) :
SELECT name FROM myTable GROUP BY name HAVING COUNT(name) = 1
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The goal of this project is to ascertain the long term effect of untreated hyperprolactinemia on reproductive, cardiovascular and skeletal function in women. |
Archive for January, 2012
I doubt if I can offer any deeper insight or more pointed advice to a tenure track assistant professor in the sciences, than what anyone can find on a number of reputable science blogs.
Often times, however, as I go through posts describing the “dos and donts” of young scholars wanting to maximize their changes of eventually landing tenure, while I find myself in agreement with the general ideas expounded (we are not really talking secrets, anyway), I also feel that some of the most common recommendations could be taken too far, or interpreted too rigidly, ultimately doing the probationary faculty more harm than good.
I blissfully went through the first half of my life without electronic mail, and yet I cannot imagine living without it now. There are specific tasks for which mail (narrowly defined here as the transmission of text written by the sender, to one or more recipients) is simply irreplaceable. People have corresponded in that way for centuries, and electronic mail is in many respects nothing but the obvious evolution of “snail mail”. I hardly see any reason for going back to slow, clumsy, expensive, unreliable snail mail; I cannot think of anything that it did, that electronic mail does not do much better.
If a cash-strapped province or state had to make painful cuts to public services, the immediately noticeable effect would be the outright elimination of some of them.
One would not think of, say, laying off a fraction of all bus drivers and asking the remaining ones to work longer hours, in order to keep all existing bus routes active — some would be phased out, based on various considerations of priority, in order to minimize the inconvenience to denizens, while continuing to offer as much of the original transportation as possible. Some people, however, would have to go to work or to the grocery store in some other, less convenient or more expensive way.
We all understand that, sometimes, financial hardship is simply a fact of life. And I do believe that most of us are willing to endure painful sacrifices, in the pursuit of a common good.
What exasperates people, is the perception of a general lack of vision, of a concrete, well thought out crisis management plan, on the part of those in charge of overseeing operations. Particularly disconcerting is a reassuring public rhetoric, filled with generic statements of understanding of the gravity of the situation, and of resolve to ensure that the period of scarcity be weathered with minimal suffering and no permanent damage, and a concomitant pattern of actions suggesting all but the opposite. |
Efficacy of a single 40-mg intravenous dose of parecoxib for postoperative pain control after elective cesarean delivery: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a single 40-mg intravenous (i.v.) dose of parecoxib as an adjunctive analgesia to intrathecal morphine after elective cesarean delivery (CD). A total of 82 low-risk term pregnant women who were scheduled for elective CD during the June 2014-June 2015 study period were enrolled. Two hours after surgery, subjects were randomly assigned to receive either i.v. injection of 2 mL (40 mg) parecoxib (study group; n = 41) or 2 mL normal saline solution (control group; n = 41). Patient randomization into groups was determined by the hospital's central computer system. Outcome measurements included total postoperative supplemental meperidine consumption, recorded pain score by numeric pain rating scale at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h, postoperatively, and patient satisfaction. Patient characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were comparable between groups. Total postoperative meperidine consumption was not significantly different between groups (12.7 ± 18.8 mg vs 8.3 ± 16.7 mg; P > 0.05). Compared with control, the study group was significantly less likely to experience moderate to severe postoperative pain (score ≥ 4) at 6 h (0% vs 21.9%; P = 0.002). Study group patients reported higher satisfaction than control group patients (median score: 8 vs 6; P < 0.01). No patients in either group reported adverse effects from their assigned intervention. Parecoxib did not demonstrate effectiveness in reducing patient requirement for supplementary meperidine after CD. However, administration of a single 40-mg dose of i.v. parecoxib after elective CD demonstrated effectiveness in reducing pain scores, with a resulting increase in patient satisfaction. |
883 S.W.2d 813 (1994)
318 Ark. 65
Bert SCALCO, Appellant,
v.
CITY OF RUSSELLVILLE, Appellee.
No. CR94-262.
Supreme Court of Arkansas.
September 26, 1994.
James Dunham, Russellville, for appellant.
Gil Dudley, Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, for appellee.
*814 DUDLEY, Justice.
A policeman stopped appellant's car and asked appellant to take field tests for sobriety. Appellant failed to satisfactorily perform any of the tests, and the policeman took him to the local jail for a breathalyzer test. Appellant was advised in writing that, after the police-administered breathalyzer test was complete, the police department would assist him in obtaining, at his expense, a blood, breath, or urine test from some other qualified person. See Ark.Code Ann. § 5-65-204(e) (Repl.1993). The police-administered breathalyzer test showed a blood alcohol content of .187. Appellant questioned the accuracy of the breathalyzer test and requested a second test, a blood test. The second test was never completed.
The case was initially tried in municipal court where appellant was found guilty. He appealed to circuit court and there filed a motion to suppress the evidence of the breathalyzer test on the ground that the police officer did not afford him a reasonable opportunity to take the second test, as required by Ark.Code Ann. § 5-65-204 (Repl. 1993). The trial court ruled that the officer acted in a reasonable manner and refused to suppress evidence of the test result. Appellant entered a plea of guilty pursuant to Rule 24.3(b) of the Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure. The prosecuting attorney consented. See A.R.Cr.P. Rule 24.3(b). That rule provides that a defendant may plead guilty, conditionally, and reserve the right to appeal from the judgment of conviction for a review of an adverse determination of a pretrial motion to suppress evidence. If the defendant prevails on appeal, he shall be allowed to withdraw his plea. Based on appellant's plea, the trial court, on June 25, 1992, entered a judgment of conviction and sentenced appellant. In the material part, the court's order provides:
If the defendant prevails on appeal, he shall be allowed to withdraw his plea in accordance with the Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure, Rule 24.3.
Whereupon, the defendant pleaded guilty to the charges of driving while intoxicated first offense and left of center, and the court doth accept said plea, and sentences the defendant [to a fine, suspended jail sentence, driving school and driving while intoxicated school].
Appellant attempted to appeal the trial court's ruling. The court of appeals held that Rule 24.3(b) authorizes an appeal of an illegally obtained evidence, but does not authorize an appeal of an evidentiary ruling when the evidence was not illegally obtained. Since there was no showing the test result was illegally obtained, the court of appeals dismissed the appeal. Scalco v. State, 42 Ark.App. 134, 856 S.W.2d 23 (1993). The court of appeals dismissed the appeal on June 16, 1993, and the mandate was issued on July 29, 1993. Appellant did not file a petition for rehearing, and the sentence was not stayed. Appellant did not "prevail on appeal." Thus, under the express language of Rule 24.3, he could not withdraw his guilty plea.
About six weeks after the decision became final, see Rule 5-3 of the Rules of the Supreme Court, appellant filed a motion to withdraw his guilty plea and asked the trial court to set aside the judgment of conviction and sentence. One week later, on September 27, the trial court allowed appellant to withdraw the guilty plea and ordered the judgment of conviction and the sentence set aside. Appellant was given a new trial, found guilty, and now seeks to appeal the trial court's original ruling refusing to suppress the evidence of the test result. We remand with instructions to the trial court to reinstate both the plea originally accepted and the sentence originally imposed.
As a general rule, direct appeals from guilty pleas are prohibited. E.g., Redding v. State, 293 Ark. 411, 413, 738 S.W.2d 410, 411 (1987); A.R.Cr.P. Rule 36.1. A plea of guilty constitutes the accused's trial, Bryant v. State, 314 Ark. 130, 862 S.W.2d 215 (1993), and there is generally nothing to appeal from that trial. We have said that a plea of guilty was in itself a conviction and an admission of all elements of the charges and constituted a waiver of any defense, other than jurisdiction, which might have been raised at trial. Cox v. State, 255 Ark. 204, 499 S.W.2d 630 (1973). Because guilty pleas are not appealable, an attempted appeal from *815 a guilty plea must be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. Jenkins v. State, 301 Ark. 20, 21-22, 781 S.W.2d 461, 462-63 (1989). Until recently, we did not allow a conditional plea of guilt. Wolfe v. State, 102 Ark. 295, 144 S.W. 208 (1912). However, we added subsection (b) to Rule 24.3 to allow pleas of guilty conditioned on the reversal of a pretrial determination of a motion to suppress illegally obtained evidence. If the express terms of Rule 24.3 are not complied with, the appellate court acquires no jurisdiction to hear the appeal of a conditional plea. Noble v. State, 314 Ark. 240, 241, 862 S.W.2d 234, 234 (1993). Under the express language of the rule, if a defendant makes a conditional guilty plea but, on appeal, does not obtain a favorable determination, there is no further direct appeal. At that time, the conditional plea becomes final and is treated the same as any other plea of guilty. Appellant's conditional plea of guilty was his trial and appeal, and his conviction and sentence are final.
Because this matter was not raised by either appellant or the State, the issue in this case then becomes whether the trial court had jurisdiction to allow the plea to be withdrawn and to set aside the conviction after sentence had been imposed when appellant did not obtain a favorable determination from his appeal. Some background information is helpful in determining the issue. In the 1930's, the applicable statute provided that a plea of guilt might be withdrawn "at any time before judgment." Pope's Digest § 3902 (1937). Pursuant to that statute, a trial court might, in its discretion, allow a defendant to withdraw a plea at any time before judgment was entered. Carson v. State, 198 Ark. 112, 128 S.W.2d 373 (1939). However, trial courts often accepted pleas of guilty and entered judgments of conviction, but suspended pronouncement of sentences. When a plea of guilty was accepted, the judge had the authority to "postpone the pronouncement of final sentence and judgment upon such conditions as he shall deem proper and reasonable as to probation." Pope's Digest § 4053 (1937). Thus, a judgment of conviction and a sentence might have been entered at different times. In adopting Rule 26 of the Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure, we sought to avoid any problem that might arise as a result of the different times for the conviction and sentence and sanctioned a plea withdrawal only "prior to pronouncement of sentence." A.R.Cr.P. Rule 26.1(a). There are sound public policy reasons for treating a defendant's motion to withdraw a guilty plea differently when the request is made before sentencing rather than afterward. Zoller v. State, 282 Ark. 380, 669 S.W.2d 434 (1984). We have often said that a guilty plea may be set aside before sentencing. Malone v. State, 294 Ark. 376, 742 S.W.2d 945 (1988); Brown v. State, 290 Ark. 289, 718 S.W.2d 937 (1986); Pennington v. State, 286 Ark. 503, 697 S.W.2d 85 (1985); Rawls v. State, 264 Ark. 954, 581 S.W.2d 311 (1979). However, once the guilty plea has been accepted, and the sentencing has taken place, the trial court is without jurisdiction to set aside a plea of guilty, unless there was some kind of stay of the sentence. Redding v. State, 293 Ark. 411, 738 S.W.2d 410 (1987); see also Shipman v. State, 261 Ark. 559, 550 S.W.2d 424 (1977).
Here, there was no stay of the sentence after decision by the court of appeals became final. The guilty plea and the sentence were conditioned upon appellant obtaining a favorable decision on his appeal of the evidentiary ruling, and he did not obtain a favorable ruling. After the court of appeals' decision became final, the trial court was without jurisdiction to allow the plea to be withdrawn. As a result, the trial court's order vacating the original sentence was void. See Redding, 293 Ark. at 413, 738 S.W.2d at 411. Accordingly, we remand this case to the trial court with directions to reinstate the guilty plea originally accepted and the sentence originally imposed.
Remanded with directions.
BROWN, J., dissents.
BROWN, Justice, dissenting.
I would affirm the DWI judgment of conviction entered on November 30, 1993, because the assistance afforded Bert Scalco by Officer Jeff Myers in obtaining the blood test was entirely reasonable. Williford v. State, 284 Ark. 449, 683 S.W.2d 228 (1985).
The majority, though, decides this case on a procedural ground that was not briefed by *816 the parties. The procedural facts are these. Scalco sought to appeal a denial of his motion to suppress a blood/alcohol breathalyzer test. He entered a conditional plea of guilty with the proviso that if he prevailed on appeal, his plea would be withdrawn. The Court of Appeals declined the appeal on the basis that the denial of the motion to suppress was not an appealable order and, thus, the appellate court lacked jurisdiction. The mandate then came down dismissing the appeal[1]. Scalco moved to withdraw his guilty plea, and the court granted the motion. The court also ordered the judgment of conviction and the guilty plea to be set aside. A trial transpired, and Scalco was convicted.
The majority concludes that the circuit court lost jurisdiction after the Court of Appeals held the suppression order was not final, and the mandate was issued. The cases cited for this conclusion are Redding v. State, 293 Ark. 411, 738 S.W.2d 410 (1987) and Shipman v. State, 261 Ark. 559, 550 S.W.2d 424 (1977). Those cases, however, stand for the proposition that a trial court does not lose jurisdiction of the matter until a valid sentence has been put into execution:
The court, at any time before pronouncing sentence, may allow a defendant to withdraw his plea if it is fair and just to do so. However, a defendant has no right to withdraw a plea after it has been accepted by the court unless it is necessary to correct a manifest injustice. See A.R.Cr. P.Rule 26.1. A sentence is placed into execution when the court issues a commitment order unless the trial court grants appellate bond or specifically delays execution of sentence upon other valid grounds. Once a valid sentence has been put into execution, the trial court is without jurisdiction to modify, amend or revise it. Shipman v. State, 261 Ark. 559, 550 S.W.2d 424 (1977). After the sentence is put into execution the power to change the sentence passes from the trial court to the executive branch of government. Nelson v. State, 284 Ark. 156, 680 S.W.2d 91 (1984).
Redding, 293 Ark. at 413, 738 S.W.2d at 411.
The majority would have it that a mandate and no stay of the mandate equate to putting the sentence into execution. But that clearly did not happen here. The trial court did not put the sentence into execution but allowed the withdrawal of the guilty plea and commenced to try the case. This a trial court can do under the Rules of Criminal Procedure which permit withdrawals of guilty pleas to correct a manifest injustice "after the entry of judgment upon the plea." Ark. R.Crim.P. 26.1(b). The trial court then set aside its previous judgment of conviction and the guilty plea, as Rule 26.1(b) requires.
The first fallacy in the majority opinion is the confusion between withdrawal of a plea after sentencing which is permissible under appropriate circumstances and withdrawal of a plea after the sentence has been placed into execution and the trial court has lost jurisdiction. The authority cited by the majority speaks to the second circumstance, not the first, and, therefore, is inapposite to the case before us.
The second fallacy in the opinion is the conclusion that Scalco could not withdraw his plea because he did not prevail on appeal under Ark.R.Crim.P. 24.3(b). However, neither side prevailed in that appeal because the Court of Appeals refused to hear it. See Scalco v. State, 42 Ark.App. 134, 856 S.W.2d 23 (1993). Moreover, the Court of Appeals held that Rule 24.3(b) providing for conditional pleas did not apply in this case because the suppression urged by Scalco did not involve illegally seized evidence as contemplated by the Rule.
The Court of Appeals dismissed the appeal for lack of a final order. The matter went back for trial, after withdrawal of the guilty plea, and the trial and conviction followed. I see no reason to divest the trial court of jurisdiction to do exactly what it did in this case.
I would reach the merits and affirm.
NOTES
[1] The mandate actually speaks in terms of dismissing the circuit court decree.
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David Beckham Academy
The David Beckham Academy was a football school founded by England international David Beckham in 2005. In 2009 it operated in two locations: in London, United Kingdom, and in Los Angeles, California, United States. The academy pulled out of the London site at the end of the lease in October 2009, and the California branch closed soon after.
Further Academy sites were planned at Cabo São Roque near Natal, Brazil, and in Asia. Consideration was also given in 2007 to opening an Academy in Manchester.
History
The Academy is said to have been inspired by Beckham's attendance as a boy at the Bobby Charlton Soccer School. Wanting to give later generations of children the same experience, he put his name to two facilities in 2005.
London
The Academy in London was situated on the Greenwich Peninsula in east Greenwich, close to The O2 and North Greenwich Underground station. Its temporary building was opened on 28 November 2005, with backing from the Anschutz Entertainment Group and sponsorship from Volkswagen Group and Adidas. Its indoor arena housed two full-sized, artificially turfed pitches, alongside an education and administration centre, and a sports medical centre. Its "likely" closure was announced on 27 November 2009, replaced by a mobile academy which could travel around the UK and further afield. Despite the millionaire player's backing, the London Academy's closure included redundancies among coaching and support staff, and deprived hundreds of children (including Beckham's niece and two nephews) from east and south-east London of their football training.
The facility was subsequently known as The London Soccerdome and used for football coaching though run by a different organisation. It closed in October 2014, with the site to be redeveloped into housing, and the dome structure being dismantled and re-erected in Southend as part of the Fossetts Farm Stadium for Southend United Football Club.
California
The Los Angeles Academy was based at the Home Depot Center in Carson, California, on the campus of California State University, Dominguez Hills, which is a $150 million multi-sport facility built on of land (and home of Major League Soccer (MLS) team the Los Angeles Galaxy).The California branch also closed in late 2009.
In 2009, the 'David Beckham Academy' brand was extended to a range of books about football.
Programmes
The London Academy provided seventeen, three- or five-day programmes for boys and girls aged 8–15 years. It also ran a schools programme that consisted of a training day linked with Key Stage 2 and 3 learning (up to 2009, over 10,000 children had taken part in this programme). An after-schools programme (the 7/23 Club) was provided on Saturday mornings for children aged 3–7, and on Monday and Thursday evenings for 8-15 year-olds.
The Los Angeles Academy ran a 7/23 Club on Saturday mornings for boys and girls aged 4–7 years, and three- and five-day courses during school holidays.
References
Category:Football academies in England
Category:Soccer academies in the United States
Category:Football in London
Category:Soccer in Los Angeles
Category:David Beckham |
The role of microfinance in the socio-economic development of women in a community : a case study of Mpigi Town Council in Uganda
Abstract:
The development of a community, especially a poor community, hinges on
interventions from development workers in government and non government
organisations. In the recent past, microfinance has been strongly recommended
as an intervention that could assist poor people to improve their quality of life by
providing small amounts of money to initiate development enterprises. The
microfinance services are provided through microfinance institutions.
This study was aimed at establishing the role of microfinance in the socioeconomic
development of women in a community. Mpigi Town Council in
Uganda was the study area. Fifty respondents were interviewed and eight of
these were employees of microfinance institutions and two worked as technical
staff from Mpigi District Local Government. Twelve microfinance institutions were
identified as providing services to the community in Mpigi Town Council.
A variety of literature on microfinance in the developed world, developing world,
Africa, Uganda and Mpigi Town Council was reviewed. It was noted that the year
2005 was identified as the International Year of Micro-credit during which its
significance would be highlighted. The aim of the international year of microcredit
was to improve on the knowledge, access and utilization of micro-credit by
poor people in the developing world. During the literature review, it was evident
that the literature on the impact of microfinance on the socio-economic
development of women in Mpigi Town Council was lacking. By filling this gap,
this research will be a referral document for other researchers and a resource
book for microfinance institutions during the implementation of their programmes.
The study was carried out using both quantitative and qualitative methods.
Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect the data that was presented
in tables, graphs and numbers to show the role played by microfinance in the
socio-economic development of women in a community.The findings of the study reveal that microfinance institutions operating in Mpigi
Town Council provide services like training and skills development, insured credit
facilities and savings mobilisation, banking facilities, supervision and monitoring
of the clients, provision of agriculture inputs like seeds and chemicals and
physical items like animals (cows, goats, pigs, sheep etc). The services are
particularly provided to women groups, salary earners, and individual women and
men. The repayment of the credit facilities is usually through weekly and monthly
instalments. The size of the loan depends on the MFI but ranges from one
hundred thousand to millions of shillings. The security usually required is group
collateral in case of groups, salary in case of salary earners and any other as
deemed necessary for the individual by the MFI.
The study established that women who accessed the loans from MFIs were able
to improve their socio-economic status through starting up and or expanding
investments and enterprises, paying school fees for their children, purchase of
household items like furniture, land and solar installation, building of houses,
confidence building, participation in leadership roles etc.
The research also found out that women face some challenges in their access
and utilization of the MFI services and these include; small amounts of money
disbursed, diversion of funds, high interest rates, low returns on investment, short
grace periods, unfavourable repayment schedules and risk of property
confiscation by the MFI.
The respondents recommended that the government should intervene, especially
where interest rate is concerned and centralize it or make it uniform and also
monitor the operations of the MFIs so that they offer adequate services to the
women. As far as the MFIs are concerned, the respondents recommended that
they should lower the interest rate, empathize with their clients, monitor and
supervise more vigorously, collaborate with fellow MFIs, increase grace period
and enlist the support of employers in the area. For the microfinance
beneficiaries, the beneficiaries recommended that they should not divert the funds but should use them for the purpose intended. Furthermore, they should
not move from one MFI to another. They ought to acquire the loan when they
have some investment already, study the MFI before acquiring the services and
support each other as a group to ensure that there is progress in the various
undertakings.
The results of the research have led to the assertion and affirmation that
although the benefits may vary from one beneficiary to another and from one
community to another, microfinance has in various ways played a significant role
in the socio-economic development of women in Mpigi Town Council. This
research report will be used as a document for other researchers and a resource
book for the microfinance institutions in Mpigi Town Council. |
Q:
PostgreSQL performance tuning and max connections (practically)
For the past few weeks I've been tuning and messing with PostgreSQL which I'm going to use with my next project.
My Specs are:
DigitalOcean 8 Cores 16GB SSD x2 (One for DB, another for Web)
Centos 7
PHP5 , Nginx
The things that I've tried:
Pgtune
PgBouncer & Pgpool (connection pooling & load balancing)
Tuning php-fpm & nginx (worker_processes, worker_connections,
pm.max_children etc)
Linux file handle limits and socket tweaking.
I'm testing it by calling the webpage with ApacheBench to insert. Is it practical?
ab -n 17500 -c 1750 -r http://example.com/insert.php
So far I can only get it to handle 1700-2000 connections concurrently without dropping any transaction (usually prematurely closed connection or resource temporarily unavailable in nginx error log or Sorry, too many clients already return by PostgreSQL).
I tried both TCP/IP and unix socket for php-fpm and TCP/IP seems to be more scalable than unix socket.
Can PHP use connection pooling? Since the way I'm calling the DB from the web server are still the same(making alot of individual connections to pgpool or pgbouncer).
My goal is to handle at least 10,000 transactions concurrently. What are the deciding factors? Is it a bottleneck between web server to db (php-fpm) or PostgreSQL itself? Usually, how do big companies (PHP web application) handle such volume?
A:
The best load test is with a real-world load; the closer to that your load test is, the better.
If you have many concurrent requests, connection pooling is a must and pgBouncer is the standard answer.
It is impossible to do performance tuning in the scope of an answer, and indeed this question will probably be closed for being too broad, but I'll give you some general leads:
The goal is to find the bottlenecks, that is resources where your system is at the limit. Narrow it down: is it the application, the web server, or the database? Once you know which component limits you, find the individual limiting resource. Is it I/O? CPU time? Memory? The time it takes to establish a database connection? Locks?
One important rule is not to start twiddling knobs at random before you know where the problem is. That is likely to give you a misconfigured system. Find a theory, try a solution, and if it does not have the desired effect, reset the setting to the value it had before.
I don't understand your setup: First you say that you have a machine for the database and one for the application, then you say that you tried local socket connections.
|
What Factors Influence Delayed Referral to Spinal Surgeon in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?
Retrospective review with qualitative phone interview. This study aims to identify the factors leading to delayed diagnosis or referral to a spinal surgeon in patients who subsequently require surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). AIS can be effectively treated with bracing to prevent curve progression in skeletally immature patients. Australia currently has in place a national self-detection screening program to diagnose AIS. A retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent surgery for scoliosis at Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Royal Perth Hospital between June 1, 2010 and May 27, 2014. Data were retrieved from the digital medical record and a semistructured phone interview was used to determine path to diagnosis and referral. Mean Cobb angle at first specialist review was 49.5° ± 14.0° for patients who subsequently required surgery for AIS. These patients experienced an average interval of 20.7 months from detection of symptoms to review in a specialist clinic. In a condition in which early detection and intervention may halt progression of disease, AIS is detected relatively late and there are specific delays to diagnosis and referral to specialist clinics. 4. |
Ashaiman Robbers Smoked Out
TWO SUSPECTED members of a robbery gang, who have been attacking residents of Ashaiman and its environs, have been apprehended in a swoop.
Ebenezer Quansah alias Biggy, 31, and Richard Adjorlolo, 24, a self-acclaimed clearing agent with Hamack Logistics, were the suspects who were smoked out by the Tema Regional Police Command in a ghetto at Lebanon Zone 5, a suburb of Ashaiman.
According to Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) Juliana Obeng, the Tema police spokeswoman, the suspects, who were arrested on Sunday, September 20, 2015 together with the owner of the ghetto they turned into a hideout for dealing in narcotic drugs, were believed to be members of a gang which has been terrorising residents of the area.
‘Investigations revealed that on the dawn of Friday, September 18, 2015, at about 1:30am, the suspects in the company of two others who are now at large, armed with weapons, raided a house at Ashaiman, Lebanon Zone 5, broke into the room and ordered the complainant, who was at the time with his wife and children, to surrender all valuables they had in their possession or risk losing their lives,’ the police officer stated.
She said the suspects robbed their victims of three mobile phones, some personal effects and a cash amount of GH₵900.
ASP Obeng said fortunately a victim of the robbery incident managed to identify the robbers, adding that ‘The victim later identified Biggy as one of the robbers who he had occasionally been seeing walking past their school towards the ghetto.’
The police, armed with such information, she pointed out, conducted a swoop led by the Deputy Regional Commander, Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) Boadu Preprah, and raided the ghetto on Sunday, September 20, 2015 and apprehended the suspects as well as the owner of the place.
She noted that further investigations revealed that the suspects were involved in a series of robberies which occurred during the past week in Ashaiman.
Also, a 23-year-old trader, Patrick Teye alias Cash Money, who was said to be involved in a robbery incident some time ago and was granted bail by a Human Rights Court but jumped bail, was apprehended in the swoop.
Patrick and his accomplice, Osumanu Issah, were said to have jumped bail after a few appearances in court and went into hiding.
His accomplice is still at large and is suspected to be hiding in or around Kpando in the Volta Region.
All suspects are in police custody assisting in investigations and will be arraigned before court after investigations are completed. |
---
abstract: 'Given a lattice $L$, a basis $B$ of $L$ together with its dual $B^*$, the orthogonality measure $S(B)=\sum_i ||b_i||^2 ||b_i^*||^2$ of $B$ was introduced by M. Seysen [@seysen1] in 1993. This measure (the Seysen measure in the sequel, also known as the [ *Seysen metric*]{} [@zhang]) is at the heart of the Seysen lattice reduction algorithm and is linked with different geometrical properties of the basis [@ling1; @ling2; @seysen2; @zhang]. In this paper, we derive different expressions for this measure as well as new inequalities related to the Frobenius norm and the condition number of a matrix.'
author:
- |
Gérard Maze\
[ gmaze@math.uzh.ch ]{}\
[Mathematics Institute]{}\
[University of Zürich]{}\
[Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland ]{}
title: Some Inequalities Related to the Seysen Measure of a Lattice
---
[**Key Words:**]{} Lattice, orthogonality defect, Seysen measure, HGA inequality\
[**Subject Classification:**]{} Primary 11H06, Secondary 15A42, 11-04
Introduction, Notations and Previous Results
============================================
An $n$-dimensional (real) lattice $L$ is defined as a subset of ${\mathbb{R}}^m$, $n\leq m$, generated by $B = [b_1 | \ldots | b_n]^t$, where the $b_i$ are $n$ linearly independent vectors over ${\mathbb{R}}$ in ${\mathbb{R}}^m$, as $$L=\left\{ \sum_{i=1}^n a_i b_i \, | \, a_i \in {\mathbb{Z}}\right\}.$$
In this paper, the rows of the matrix $B$ span the lattice. Any other matrix $B'= U B$, where $U \in GL_n({\mathbb{Z}})$, generates the same lattice. The volume ${\mathrm{Vol}\,}L$ of $L$ is the well defined real number $(\det BB^t)^{1/2}$. The dual lattice of $L$ is defined by the basis $B^*= \left( B^{+} \right)^t$, where $B^+$ is the Moore-Penrose inverse, or pseudo-inverse, of $B$. If $B^* = [b^*_1 | \ldots |
b^*_n]^t$, then since $B B^+ = I_n$, we have $\langle b_i,b^*_j
\rangle = \delta_{i,j} $. Lattice reduction theory deals with the problem of identifying and computing bases of a given lattice whose vectors are [*short*]{} and [*almost orthogonal*]{}. There are several concepts of reduced bases, such as the concepts of Minkovsky reduced, LLL reduced [@lenstra] and Korkin-Zolotarev reduced basis [@korkine]. In 1990, Hastad and Lagarias [@hastad] proved that in all lattices of full rank (i.e., when $n=m$), there exists a basis $B$ such that both $B$ and $B^*$ consist in relatively short vector, i.e., $\max_i ||b_i||\cdot||b^*_i|| \leq \exp(O(n^{1/3}))$. In 1993, Seysen [@seysen1] improved this upper bound to $\exp(O(\ln^2(n)))$ and suggested to use the expression $S(B):=\sum_i ||b_i||^2
||b_i^*||^2$. This definition also allowed him to define a new concept of reduction: a basis $B$ of $L$ is Seysen reduced if $S(B)$ is minimal among all bases of $L$ (see also [@lamacchia] for a study of this reduction method). A relation between the orthogonality defect [@kaltofen; @zhang] $${\mathrm{od}\,}(B) := 1-\frac{\det B B^t}{\prod_{i=1}^n ||b_i||^2} \in [0,1]$$ and the Seysen measure $S(B)$ is given in [@zhang] where the following bounds can be found: $$\begin{aligned}
n \, \leq \,S(B) & \leq & \frac{n}{1-{\mathrm{od}}(B)}, \label{zhang1}\\
0 \, \leq \,{\mathrm{od}}(B) & \leq & 1- \frac{1}{\left(S(B)-n+1
\right)^{n-1}}. \label{zhang2} \end{aligned}$$ Clearly, the smaller the Seysen measure is, the closer to orthogonal the basis is, showing that the Seysen measure describes the quality of the angle behavior of the vectors in a basis. The length of the different vectors are nevertheless not part of the direct information given by the measure, but Inequality \[zhang2\] gives $$\prod_{i=1}^n ||b_i|| \leq \left(S(B)-n+1 \right)^{\frac{n-1}{2}}
\cdot {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L$$ which in turn provides the inequality $$\begin{aligned}
\label{size_bound}
\min_i ||b_i|| \leq \left(S(B)-n+1 \right)^{(n-1)/2n} \left( {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L \right)^{1/n}.\end{aligned}$$ Note that such a type of inequality appears in the context of lattice reduction as $$\begin{array}{rl}
\min_i ||b_i|| \leq \sqrt{n} \left( {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L \right)^{1/n} & \mbox{for Korkin Zolotarev and Minkovsky reduced
bases}\\
\min_i ||b_i|| \leq (4/3)^{(n-1)/4} \left( {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L \right)^{1/n} & \mbox{for LLL reduced bases.}\\
\end{array}$$
In this paper, we start by revisiting Seysen’s bound $\exp(O(\ln(n)^2))$ by computing the hidden constant in Landau’s notation. Then we present new expressions for the Seysen measure, connecting the measure with the condition number and the Frobenius norm of a matrix and allowing us to improve some of the existing bounds. We will from now on suppose that $m=n$, since Equality \[sin\] below shows that the Seysen measure is invariant under isometric embeddings.
Explicit Constant in Seysen’s Bound
===================================
We show in this section that the hidden constant in Seysen’s bound $\exp(O(\ln(n)^2))$ can be upper bounded by $1+\frac{2}{\ln 2}$. The proof is not new, but revisits some details in the original proof of Seysen [@seysen1 Theorem 7] by using explicit bounds given in [@lenstra Proposition 4.2]. Let us define the two main ingredients of the proof. First, if $N(n,{\mathbb{R}})$ and $N(n,{\mathbb{Z}})$ are the group of lower triangular unipotent $n \times n$ matrices over ${\mathbb{R}}$ and ${\mathbb{Z}}$ respectively (i.e. matrices with 1 in the diagonal), then following [@hastad] and [@seysen1], and if $||X||_{\infty} =
\max_{i,j} |X_{ij}|$, we define $S(n)$ for all $n \in {\mathbb{N}}$ by $$S(n) = \sup_{A\in N(n,{\mathbb{R}})} \left( \inf_{T\in N(n,{\mathbb{Z}})}
\max(||TA||_{\infty},||(TA)^{-1}||_{\infty}) \right).$$ In [@seysen1], the author proves that $S(2n) \leq S(n)\cdot
\max(1,n/2)$, and concludes that $S(n) = \exp(O((\ln n)^2))$. We would like to point out that the latter is not true in general, unless some other property of the function $S$ is invoked. Indeed, an arbitrary map $s$ defined on the set of odd integers, e.g. $s(2n+1)=\exp(2n+1)$, and extended to ${\mathbb{N}}$ with the rule $s(2n) = n/2 \cdot s(n)$ satisfies the condition $s(2n) \leq s(n)\cdot \max(1,n/2)$ but we have $s(n)
\neq \exp(O((\ln n)^2))$ in general. This point seems to have been overlooked in [@seysen1]. However, in our case, we have the following in addition.
$\forall n\leq m \in {\mathbb{N}}, S(n) \leq S(m)$
It is not difficult to see that for all $A \in N(n,{\mathbb{R}})$, there exists a matrix $T_A\in N(n,{\mathbb{Z}})$ such that $$\inf_{T\in N(n,{\mathbb{Z}})}
\max(||TA||_{\infty},||(TA)^{-1}||_{\infty}) =
\max(||T_AA||_{\infty},||(T_AA)^{-1}||_{\infty}).$$ See the Remark following Definition 4 of [@seysen1] for the details. As a consequence, in order to prove the lemma, it is sufficient to show that $$\label{sup}
\sup_{A\in N(n,{\mathbb{R}})} \max(||T_AA||_{\infty},||(T_AA)^{-1}||_{\infty})
\leq \sup_{A'\in N(n+1,{\mathbb{R}})}
\max(||T_{A'}A'||_{\infty},||(T_{A'}A')^{-1}||_{\infty}).$$ Let us consider the map $i$ from $N(n,{\mathbb{R}})$ to $N(n+1,{\mathbb{R}})$ defined by mapping a matrix $A$ to the block matrix ${\mathrm{diag}\,}(1,A)$. The map $i$ is a group homomorphism and thus $i(A)^{-1}=i(A^{-1})={\mathrm{diag}\,}(1,A^{-1})$. We claim that for all $A \in
N(n,{\mathbb{R}})$ and all $T\in N(n,{\mathbb{Z}})$, we have $$\label{max}
\max(||i(TA)||_{\infty},||i(TA)^{-1}||_{\infty}) =
\max(||TA||_{\infty},||(TA)^{-1}||_{\infty}).$$ First, if $\max(||i(TA)||_{\infty},||i(TA)^{-1}||_{\infty})=1 $, then the above equality is straightforward, due to the definition of $||.||_{\infty}$. Let us then consider the case where the maximum is not 1. Notice that since $||X||_{\infty} \geq 1$ is true for all matrix $X$ in $N(m,{\mathbb{R}})$, we have that $\max(||X||_{\infty},||X^{-1}||_{\infty}) \geq 1$ and so $\max(||i(TA)||_{\infty},||i(TA)^{-1}||_{\infty})>1 $. As a consequence the maximum in $\max(||i(TA)||_{\infty},
||i(TA)^{-1}||_{\infty})$ is achieved by one of the entries of $i(TA)$ or $i(TA)^{-1}$, and this entry cannot be the one in the upper left corner. The maximum is then the same for both sides of (\[max\]). This proves the above claim. Now, since $$\sup_{A'\in N(n+1,{\mathbb{R}})}
\max(||T_{A'}A'||_{\infty},||(T_{A'}A')^{-1}||_{\infty}) \geq
\max(||i(TA)||_{\infty},||i(TA)^{-1}||_{\infty}) =
\max(||TA||_{\infty},||(TA)^{-1}||_{\infty}),$$ is true for all $A\in N(n,{\mathbb{R}})$, taking the supremum on the left hand side, we see that Inequality \[sup\] is correct.
This lemma makes the following inequalities valid: $$\begin{aligned}
S(n) = S(2^{\log_2n}) \leq S(2^{\lceil \log_2n \rceil}) \leq 2^{\lceil
\log_2n \rceil-2} \cdot 2^{ \lceil \log_2n \rceil-3} \cdot \ldots
\cdot 2 \cdot 1 \leq \exp \left( \frac{(\ln n)^2}{2 \ln 2}\right).\end{aligned}$$ The second ingredient we need is related to the Korkin-Zolotarev reduced bases of a lattice $L$. Such bases are well known, see e.g. [@lenstra], and one of their properties is the following: if $B$ is a Korkin-Zolotarev reduced basis of $L$, and if $B=HK$, where $H=(h_{ij})$ is a lower triangular matrix and $K$ is an orthogonal matrix, then for all $1\leq i\leq j \leq n$, we have $$h_{jj}^2 > h_{ii}^2 (j-i+1)^{-1-\ln(j-i+1)}.$$ This is a direct consequence of [@lenstra Proposition 4.2] and the fact that the concept of Korkin-Zolotarev reduction is recursive. See [@seysen1] for the details. In [@seysen1], the author concludes that $\frac{h_{ii}^2}{h_{jj}^2} = \exp(O((\ln n)^2))$ but we have the more precise statement that $$\frac{h_{ii}^2}{h_{jj}^2} \leq \exp((\ln (j-i+1))^2+\ln (j-i+1)) \leq
\exp((\ln n)^2+\ln n).$$ Let us now revisit the proof of [@seysen1 Theorem 7] by making use of the previous inequalities. This theorem states that for every lattice $L$ there is a basis $\tilde{B} = [\tilde{b_1} | \ldots |
\tilde{b_n}]^t$ with reciprocal basis $\tilde{B}^* = [\tilde{b_1}^*
| \ldots | \tilde{b_n}^*]^t$ which satisfies $$||\tilde{b_i}|| \cdot ||\tilde{b_i}^*|| \leq \exp(c_2 (\ln n)^2)$$ for all $i$ and for a fixed $c_2$, independent of $n$. We explicit now an upper bound for the constant $c_2$. Given a lattice $L$ and a Korkin-Zolotarev reduced basis $B=HK$ as above, the proof of [@seysen1 Theorem 7] shows that there exists a basis $\tilde{B}$, constructed from $B$, such that $$||\tilde{b_i}||^2 \cdot ||\tilde{b_i}^*||^2 \leq n^2 \cdot \max_{k\geq
j}\left\{ \frac{h_{jj}^2}{h_{kk}^2} \right\} \cdot S(n)^4$$ Making use of the previous inequalities, we can write $$||\tilde{b_i}||^2 \cdot ||\tilde{b_i}^*||^2 \leq n^2 \cdot\exp((\ln
n)^2+\ln n) \cdot \exp \left( \frac{4(\ln n)^2}{2 \ln 2}\right) = \exp
\left( \left(\frac{2}{\ln 2}+1\right) (\ln n)^2 + 3 \ln n\right).$$ which shows that $c_2 < \frac{1}{\ln 2}+\frac{1}{2} + \frac{3}{2\ln n}
< \frac{1}{\ln 2}+\frac{1}{2} + \frac{3}{2\ln 2} = \frac{5}{2\ln
2}+\frac{1}{2}$ and gives the following proposition:
\[explicit\] For every lattice $L$ there is a basis $B$ which satisfies $$S(B) \leq \exp \left( \left(\frac{2}{\ln 2}+1\right) (\ln n)^2 + 4 \ln
n \right).$$
Explicit Expression for the Seysen Measure
==========================================
In this section, we present different expressions for the Seysen measure. First, let us recall the following known expression for the measure. Given a basis $B$ of $L$, by definition of $B^*$, for all $0
\leq j \leq n$, the vector $b_j^*$ is orthogonal to $L_j$, where $L_j$ is the sublattice of $L$ generated by all the vectors of $B$ except $b_j$. If $\beta_j$ is the angle between $b_j$ and $b_j^*$ and $\alpha_j$ is the angle between $b_j$ and $L_j$, we have $\cos^2
\beta_i=\sin^2 \alpha_i$ and $$\label{sin}
S(B) = \sum_i ||b_i||^2||b_i^*||^2 = \sum_i \frac{\langle b_i,b^*_i
\rangle^2 }{\cos^2 \beta_i} = \sum_i \frac{1}{\sin^2 \alpha_i}.$$ This has already been used in [@lamacchia; @zhang]. We introduce now the following new representation, which can be used to define the Seysen measure without any references to the dual basis:
For every lattice $L$, if $B = [b_1 | \ldots | b_n]^t$ is a basis of $L$ with $B= D \cdot V$ where $D={\mathrm{diag}\,}(||b_1||,\ldots,||b_n||)$, then $$S(B) = ||V^{-1}||^2$$ where $||.||$ is the Frobenius norm, i.e., $||X||=\sqrt{\sum_{i,j} |x_{ij}|^2}$.
Let $M=BB^t$. Using $||X||^2 = {\mathrm{tr}\,}(XX^t)$ and ${\mathrm{tr}\,}(ABC)={\mathrm{tr}\,}(CAB)$, we have $$||V^{-1}||^2 = {\mathrm{tr}\,}(V^{-1}(V^{-1})^{t}) = {\mathrm{tr}\,}(D^2M^{-1}) = \sum_i
||b_i||^2 \cdot \left( M^{-1} \right)_{i,i}.$$ Since $M^{-1}=\frac{1}{\det M} \mbox{comat}(M)$, where $\mbox{comat}(M)$ is the comatrix of $M$, we have $$\left( M^{-1}
\right)_{i,i} = \frac{1}{\det M} \mbox{comat }(M)_{i,i} = \frac{\det
M^{i,i}}{\det M}$$ where $ M^{i,i}$ is the square matrix obtained from $M$ by deleting the $i$-th row and the $i$-th column of $M$. So if $B^i$ is the matrix obtained by deleting the $i$-th row of $B$, we have $$\det M^{i,i} = \det B^i (B^i)^t = \left( {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L_i \right)^2$$ which gives $$\frac{\det M^{i,i}}{\det M} = \frac{\left( {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L_i \right)^2}{\left(
{\mathrm{Vol}\,}L \right)^2} = \frac{\left( {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L_i \right)^2}{\left(
||b_i||\cdot {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L_i \cdot \sin \alpha_i \right)^2} =
\frac{1}{||b_i||^2 \sin^2 \alpha_i}.$$ Finally, $$||V^{-1}||^2 = \sum_i ||b_i||^2 \cdot \left( M^{-1} \right)_{i,i} =
\sum_i ||b_i||^2 \cdot \frac{1}{||b_i||^2 \sin^2 \alpha_i} = S(B).$$
Another way of looking at the previous result is with the help of the (Frobenius) condition number of an invertible matrix $X$ which is defined as $\kappa(X)=||X|| \cdot ||X^{-1}||$.
With the above notation, we have $S(B)=\frac{\kappa(V)^2}{n}$.
By defining the matrix $U$ as $U=VV^t$, then $BB^t=DUD$, where $D$ is as above, and if $\theta_{ij}$ is the angle between $b_i$ and $b_j$, then $U=(\cos \theta_{ij})_{ij}$. The matrix $U$ is a symmetric positive definite matrix, and the eigenvalues $\lambda_1,\ldots,\lambda_n$ of $U$ are real positive.
With the above notation, we have $S(B)= {\mathrm{tr}\,}(U^{-1}) = \sum_i
\frac{1}{\lambda_i}$.
From the equality $BB^t=DUD$, we have $\left( {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L \right)^2 = \det
U \cdot \prod_i ||b_i||^2$ which in turn leads to $$\label{eq}
\prod_i ||b_i|| = \left( \det U \right)^{-1/2} \cdot {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L
= \left( \prod_i \frac{1}{\lambda_i} \right)^{1/2} \cdot {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L.$$ The arithmetic-geometric mean inequality applied to the $\lambda_i$’s, $\left( \prod_i 1/\lambda_i \right)^{1/n} \leq
\frac{1}{n} \sum_i 1/\lambda_i$, immediately gives the inequality $$\prod_i ||b_i|| \leq \left( \frac{1}{n} \sum_i \frac{1}{\lambda_i}
\right)^{\frac{n}{2}} \cdot {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L = \left( \frac{S(B)}{n}
\right)^{\frac{n}{2}} \cdot {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L.$$
However, we also have the equality $\sum_i \lambda_i = {\mathrm{tr}\,}U
= n$, which affords a slightly better upper bound for the geometric mean. Indeed, the harmonic-geometric-arithmetic mean inequalities applied to the $1/\lambda_i$’s imply that if $g=\left( \prod_i
1/\lambda_i \right)^{1/n}$, $h=\left( \frac{1}{n} \sum_i
\lambda_i\right)^{-1} = 1$ and $a = \frac{1}{n} \sum_i
\frac{1}{\lambda_i} = \frac{S(B)}{n}$, then we have $h\leq g \leq a$, but we also have the following result, which is [@maze Corollary 3.1].
With the above notations, if $\alpha=1/n$, we have $$g \leq \left(
\frac{a-h(1-2\alpha)-\sqrt{(a-h)(a-h(1-2\alpha)^2)}}{2\alpha}\right)^{\alpha}
\left(
\frac{a+h(1-2\alpha)+\sqrt{(a-h)(a-h(1-2\alpha)^2)}}{2(1-\alpha)}\right)^{1-\alpha}.$$
This leads to the following inequality:
With the above notation, we have $$\label{eq2}
\prod_i ||b_i|| \leq e^{1/2} \cdot \left(\frac{S(B)+1}{n}
\right)^{\frac{n-1}{2}} \cdot {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L.$$
Since $(1-2/n)^2\leq 1$, we have $$(a-h)^2 \leq (a-h)(a-h(1-2/n)^2) \leq (a-h(1-2/n)^2)^2$$ and thus the upper bound of the previous Lemma gives $$\begin{aligned}
g & \leq & \left(
\frac{a-h(1-2/n)-(a-h)}{2/n}\right)^{1/n}
\left(
\frac{a+h(1-2/n)+(a-h(1-2/n)^2)}{2(1-1/n)}\right)^{1-1/n}.\end{aligned}$$ After suitable simplification, we obtain $$\begin{aligned}
g & \leq & a \cdot \left(\frac{h}{a}\right)^{1/n} \cdot
\left(1+\frac{h}{a}\cdot\left(1-\frac{2}{n}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{n}
\right)^{1-1/n} \cdot \left(1+\frac{1}{n-1}\right)^{1-1/n}.\end{aligned}$$ Since $(1+\frac{1}{n-1})^{n-1}<e$, taking the $n$-th power of both sides of the previous inequality gives $$\prod_i 1/\lambda_i < e \cdot \left(\frac{S(B)+1-\frac{2}{n}}{n}
\right)^{n-1} < e \cdot \left(\frac{S(B)+1}{n}
\right)^{n-1} .$$ The result follows by applying the previous inequality to Equation (\[eq\]).
This is an improvement by a factor of roughly $n^{n/2}$ of the bound given by (\[size\_bound\]), and can be used to strengthen the bound of the orthogonality defect (\[zhang1\]):
With the above notations, we have $${\mathrm{od}}(B) \leq 1- \frac{1}{e}\left(\frac{n}{S(B)+1}\right)^{n-1}$$
Combining the previous proposition with the explicit bound of Proposition \[explicit\], we have the following proposition:
For every lattice $L$, if $B=[b_1|\ldots|b_n]^t$ is a Seysen reduced basis, then $$\min_i ||b_i||
\leq \exp \left( \left(\frac{1}{\ln 2}+\frac{1}{2}\right) (\ln n)^2
+ O(\ln n) \right) \cdot \left( {\mathrm{Vol}\,}L \right)^{1/n}.$$
Conclusion
==========
In this article, we gave an explicit upper bound for the constant hidden inside Landau’s notation of the original bound of the Seysen measure [@seysen1]. We also developed the connection between the Seysen measure and standard linear algebra concepts such as the Frobenius norm and the condition number of a matrix. This allowed us to improve known upper bounds for the Seysen measure and the orthogonality defect.
[10]{}
Hastad, J. and Lagarias, J. . Mathematische Annalen 287, 1990, 163–-174.
Kaltofen, E. and Villard, G. . J. Comput. Appl. Math. 162 (1) (2004), pp. 133–-146.
Korkin, A. and Zolotarev, G. Math. Ann. 6 (1873), pp. 366–389
LaMacchia, B.A. SM Thesis, Dept. of Elect. Eng. and Comp. Sci., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, May 1991.
Lenstra, A.K., Lenstra, H.W., and Lovasz, L. Math. Ann. 261 (1982), pp. 515–-534.
Ling, C. . Proceedings of International Symposium on Turbo Codes/International ITG Conference Source Channel Coding’06, Munich, Germany, April 2006.
Ling, C. . Submitted to IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, May 2007. Available at http://www.commsp.ee.ic.ac.uk/cling/Lattice.pdf
Maze, G. and Wagner, U. . Submitted for publication, available at http://arxiv.org/abs/0910.0948
Seysen, M. Combinatorica 13(3): 363–376 (1993)
Seysen, M. Combinatorics, Probability and Computing (1999), 8, 281–291
Zhang, W., Arnold, F., and Mai, X. . Signal Processing, Volume 88, Issue 10, October 2008, Pages 2573–2577.
|
Washington - There was plenty of awful legal news for President Trump this week, but the worst may have come from an official who hasn’t yet been sworn in.
Letitia James, who will become the New York state attorney general next month, told NBC she plans to “use every area of the law to investigate President Trump and his business transactions and that of his family as well.” James also said she hopes to pursue state charges against Trump associates whom the president might pardon for federal crimes.
No wonder Trump was so untethered when Chuck and Nancy dropped by.
Trump has been walking a tightrope of lies all his adult life, and now he is teetering. He has inflated his wealth. He has aggrandized his business acumen. He has managed to convince supporters that he is a respected businessman who brilliantly commanded a vast real estate empire. In a fanciful 2015 statement of his net worth, he claimed that his brand alone — just the name Trump — was worth $3 billion.
I wonder what it's worth now.
In reality, Trump has never come anywhere near the top rank of New York real estate developers. He ran not a huge, sprawling enterprise but a small family firm in which he and his children had direct control. He was seen as so unreliable that genuine moguls refused to have anything to do with him. When he tried to go big — risking everything on casino development in Atlantic City — he failed miserably, despite his father's efforts to bail him out. His bankers were left holding the bag, and now most major financial institutions won't lend the Trump Organization a dime. It was Trump's undeniable skill as a television performer on "The Apprentice" that saved him from total ruin.
Now the law is beginning to squeeze him from all directions. His former consigliere, Michael Cohen, was sentenced Wednesday to three years in prison. One of the crimes Cohen confessed to committing was violating federal campaign-finance laws by orchestrating six-figure payments to a Playboy model and a porn star, in the weeks before the 2016 election, to ensure their silence about sexual encounters they say they had with Trump. Cohen says he did this at Trump's direction.
Trump's see-no-evil allies dismiss Cohen as a proven liar about other matters. But also Wednesday, the company that owns the National Enquirer — American Media Inc. (AMI), which is run by Trump's close friend, David Pecker — admitted playing a major role in that same hush-money scheme. The aim, according to the company, was to help Trump win the election.
Trump responded by tweeting that "I never directed Michael Cohen to break the law." But in the past, the president has also said that there weren't any hush-money payments; that if such payments were made, he didn't know about them; and that the payments, which totaled $280,000, were a "simple private transaction."
The bottom line is that two witnesses, Cohen and AMI, independently now implicate the president of the United States in the commission of two felonies.
The campaign-finance case is being brought by federal prosecutors in the Southern District of New York. Back in Washington, meanwhile, special counsel Robert Mueller has been busy as well.
We learned this week that Michael Flynn, Trump's short-lived national security adviser, has met with Mueller's team 19 times to tell them what he knows. We also learned that Cohen has been eagerly cooperating with the Mueller probe. This means that at least two people in a position to know whether collusion with the Russians took place are singing like songbirds.
Potentially more serious for Trump and his family in the long run, however, is what the New York state probe might discover.
How much of the Trump Organization's revenue has come from the sale of luxury real estate to oligarchs from Russia and other kleptocracies? Where did these buyers' money come from? Why was Deutsche Bank — recently raided by German authorities and under investigation for money laundering — the only major financial institution willing to lend money to Trump in recent years? Where did Trump's company get the large amounts of cash used in several transactions that Washington Post reporters uncovered? How much commingling of funds was there between Trump's company and his eponymous foundation?
Trump's longtime accountant, Allen Weisselberg, has turned state's evidence. He may be the Virgil who guides federal, state and local prosecutors through a Trumpian inferno of shell companies and opaque transactions. The outlines of Trump's fate begin to emerge.
Eugene Robinson |
County Clerk Virginia Pallarez joins iDocket.com and other counties for display
of public court case information and images
Marfa, Texas - February 17th, 2014 -County Clerk, Virginia Pallarez, announced
today the inclusion of court case information and redacted court case images from the
County Courts of Presidio County in an Internet-based website at www.idocket.com. The
County Clerk joins a growing consortium of counties to display court information on the
Internet. The County Clerk's office has gone one step further, ensuring that social security
numbers are redacted from all documents displayed protecting public confidentiality.
Currently, 74 counties and 112 County and District Clerks across the State
of Texas participate in iDocket.com's online database including Hudspeth County,
El Paso County, Val Verde County, and Upton County just to name just a few.
iDocket.com is adding other counties to its database on a regular basis.
County Clerk Virginia states she is excited to offer this new service to
the attorneys who practice in the County Courts of Presidio County and any other
individuals and entities that require information and can use easy access to this
information. This also includes bail bondsmen and of course the general public.
Virginia states, "By making this service available, already good customer service
will improve and personal traffic and telephone requests can be reduced saving taxpayer dollars." |
Q:
How can i pick out an argument from a function without changing it into string?
I think it's a very silly question but please help :)
I was trying to create a function which plots graphs like sin(x) here:
var x = 0;
var zoom = 10;
function plot(function_name) {
function draw() {
var y = function_name;
c.arc(x * zoom, y * zoom, 1, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
c.strokeStyle = '#fff';
c.stroke();
x += 0.1;
}
function animate() {
requestAnimationFrame(animate);
draw();
}
animate();
}
plot('Math.sin(x)');
But the thing is that it picks up my argument as string (I think so). If i put it without double quotes it calculates sin(0) & gives 0 as an argument.
How can i fix this?
A:
It picks your argument as a string, because you pass it as a string.
You can pass a function as an argument this way:
var x = 0;
var zoom = 10;
function plot(func) {
function draw() {
var y = func(x); // calculate y by applying func to x
c.arc(x * zoom, y * zoom, 1, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
c.strokeStyle = '#fff';
c.stroke();
x += 0.1;
}
function animate() {
requestAnimationFrame(animate); // move requestAnimationFrame to the end?
draw();
}
animate();
}
plot(Math.sin); // pass function itself as an argument
plot(Math.cos); // or any other function
// or even custom function
function myEquation(x)
{
return x * x + 2 * x - 4;
}
plot(myEquation);
|
We tracked 6.9 million social media mentions of Game of Thrones across Twitter, Facebook and Instagram from episode one to seven. Game of Thrones Season 7 data doesn’t come better than this.
We’ve broken the data down in all kinds of ways this season, and we thought we’d present it in a digestible way, so here come five fun facts.
Game of Thrones Season 7 data: Five fun facts
1. Women tweeted A LOT this season
We’re unsure what drove women to tweet more, especially given that this genre of TV show might traditionally be regarded as a target for male audiences, but we’ve noticed throughout the season that they’ve been more inclined to live-tweet the individual episodes.
There wasn’t a huge difference in what men and women tweeted about, either – both tweeted the same two characters the most (coming up) in the same way, although men tweeted more about the Night King while women tweeted more about Arya.
Either way, the data shows that it’s a TV show for everyone. Except maybe children. Definitely not for children.
2. The biggest episode wasn’t the last episode
Looking at social media mentions during air time, it was episode six, not seven (the finale) that got the most.
We found this curious, since episode six was the one that was leaked by HBO Spain, so was more readily available for naughty spoiler-fearing viewers to stream in advance of the official air date.
Our theory is that people may have watched it in advance and during the official airing, thus giving them more brain space on the second viewing to live tweet it. Also, there were some huge, huge moments. More on that later.
3. The biggest character (in mentions, not size) was Daenerys
This may not be a surprise to the army of Dany lovers on the internet. She’s certainly had an eventful season, from agreeing to fight the White Walker army, to confronting Queen Cersei face to face to having incestuous relations with her nephew…
Speaking of her nephew, the much-loved Jon Snow was second on the list of top-mentioned characters this season.
His sort-of sisters, Arya and Sansa also made the list, while the Night King also made a predictable appearance at number four.
Perhaps the most shocking thing about the list is who’s not on there. Where’s Tyrion? Where’s Cersei? The Lannisters made no real splash. |
Q:
Soma imediata dentro do input - JavaScript
Tenho um sistema de venda, onde o administrador marca os checkbox dos produtos que desejar vender, logo em seguida aparece um input para digitar a quantidade desejada, e ao finalizar a venda, é calculado o valor total de todos os produtos com suas determinadas quantidades. Tudo isso está funcionando perfeitamente.
Porém gostaria de saber se há uma possibilidade de que enquanto o administrador vai selecionando os produtos e digitando suas quantidades, fosse feito um "Cálculo instantâneo" em um input para saber quanto ficará o valor final.
Tentei utilizar um snippet mas não funcionou. Vou colocar apenas a parte do código que me interessa, junto com o script que já utilizo para mostrar e ocultar o input a frente de cada checkbox para não ficar muita informação desnecessária, segue um exemplo:
<style type="text/css">
input[type="number"] {
display: none;
}
</style>
<input type="checkbox" name="checkbox[]"> <input type="number" value="1" min="1" required="" max="10">
<input type="checkbox" name="checkbox[]"> <input type="number" value="1" min="1" required="" max="21">
<input type="checkbox" name="checkbox[]"> <input type="number" value="1" min="1" required="" max="13">
<script>
$('input[type="checkbox"]').on('click touchstart', function() {
if (this.checked) {
$(this).parent('td').find('input[type="number"]').show();
} else {
$(this).parent('td').find('input[type="number"]').hide();
}
});
</script>
A:
No seu caso tem duas condições para atualizar a soma: clicar no checkbox (quando marca/desmarca) ou quando altera o valor (soma caso o checkbox esteja selecionado).
Por isso pensei num evento change, que tanto se aplica so checkbox quanto ao input text:
$('input').change(function () {
// pega todos os checkbox que estão checked
var total = 0;
$('input[type=checkbox]:checked').each(function () {
// pega o valor do próximo input
var input = $(this).next("input").val();
total += Number(input);
});
$('#total').val(total);
});
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<input type="checkbox" name="checkbox[]"> <input type="number" value="1" min="1" required="" max="10"><br />
<input type="checkbox" name="checkbox[]"> <input type="number" value="1" min="1" required="" max="21"><br />
<input type="checkbox" name="checkbox[]"> <input type="number" value="1" min="1" required="" max="13"><br />
<span>Total:</span><input type="text" id="total" />
Veja que, ao disparar o change, seleciona todos checkbox que estejam "checked" e e soma o valor do input imediatamente ao lado, usando next como seletor do jQuery
|
James Lee Clark
James Lee Clark (May 13, 1968 – April 11, 2007) was an American murderer. His controversial execution by the state of Texas sparked international outcry, as it was believed by many that his execution violated the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Atkins v. Virginia (2002),
which held that executions of intellectually disabled criminals is cruel and unusual punishment, which is prohibited by the Eighth Amendment.
Clark and his accomplice, James Richard Brown, were charged with capital murder
for the June 7, 1993 robbery, rape and murder of 17-year-old Shari Catherine "Cari" Crews in Denton County, Texas. Also killed was 16-year-old Jesus Garza, for whom both Clark and Brown were charged with murder; however, Clark was never tried for this case. Brown was also charged with capital murder, but a jury found him guilty of only the robbery charge, and he was sentenced to 20 years.
Early life
Clark was born in Caddo Parish, Louisiana. Court documents revealed that his father disappeared the day he found out Clark's mother was pregnant. Testimony from a psychologist at his appeals hearing stated that Clark told him he had his first drink when he was seven years old and was commonly drunk by the age of 13, at which point he also began to smoke cannabis regularly. After failing two grades and being placed in special education classes he dropped out of school in the ninth grade.
At the age of 15 he was remanded into the Gainesville State School, a reformatory for boys and girls in Gainesville, Texas, for auto theft. At that time his mother told the Texas Youth Commission that he "has no friends in school ... because he steals from them all." Clark was subsequently diagnosed as having a "conduct disorder, associated with psychological deprivation, coupled with features of immature personality." At the Gainesville State School, Clark was able to complete his GED and was released at the age of 18 to find his mother had abandoned him, wanting nothing more to do with him.
Criminal history
In 1989 Clark was convicted of a felony – the burglary of a building – and incarcerated in state prison. In 1991 he pleaded guilty to theft by a check and was confined to the county jail for 20 days, fined, and ordered to pay restitution. In 1992 he was convicted of burglary and received a 10-year sentence in prison, which is where he met Brown. On May 26, 1993, after serving only ten months of his sentence, Clark was granted parole due to the problem of overcrowding in the Texas prison system. Two weeks later Clark and Brown were arrested for the Crews and Garza murders.
Murder of Catherine Crews and Jesus Garza
On June 4, 1993, Clark and Brown participated in breaking into vehicles, stole a shotgun and a rifle, and went in search of someone to rob. In the early morning hours of June 7, 1993, they came upon Crews and Garza at Clear Creek near Denton, Texas, and the following day their bodies were pulled from the water. Crews' body was discovered nude with a pair of shorts around her neck and her wrists bound with her own bra. She had been raped and had died from a shotgun wound to the back of her head. Garza had been also killed by a close-range shotgun blast originating below his chin. Also recovered from the creek were a .22 rifle with the stock sawed off and the murder weapon, a 12-gauge shotgun.
That same morning, paramedics and police officers responded to a call of a gunshot victim at a local service station. Upon arrival they found Brown with a serious shotgun wound to the leg, attended by Clark, who claimed they had been attacked by a robber who shot Brown while they were fishing at Three Rivers Bridge. However, no evidence was found at that scene to support the claim of the crime, or that anyone had been present on the location or fishing at that time. Both suspects were covered with white sand consistent with the banks of Clear Creek. Confronted with this evidence, Brown led police to Garza's body. Subsequent investigation discovered that Brown had actually shot himself at point-blank range in the act of assaulting the teens.
Due to Clark and Brown's conflicting statements, a search warrant was obtained to search the trailer Clark and Brown shared, in violation of their paroles, located in Aubrey, Texas. There police discovered the stock to the sawed-off rifle, which was a match to the rifle found in the creek, as well as ammunition and evidence that, days prior to the murder, Clark and Brown had purchased ammunition for the murder weapon.
DNA evidence provided by Clark matched evidence taken from Crews' body, proving that Clark had sexually assaulted her. Additionally, blood determined to be that of Brown, Crews and Garza was found splattered on Clark's shoes.
Both men were arrested at the Aubrey trailer after moderate resistance. They ultimately admitted they had been at Clear Creek, first claiming they witnessed Garza shoot Crews, before eventually admitting they had indeed robbed the teens. Each blamed the other for the actual murders. Clark claimed that it was Brown who instigated the crime and shot himself using the rifle as a bludgeon on Garza, after which he killed both teens. Brown countered that it was Clark who committed the murders. On September 12, 2000, the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals would find in favor of Brown's version of the story, on the grounds that with Brown's injury occurring prior to the murders, Clark must have unloaded the spent cartridge and reloaded the shotgun.
Conviction and appeals
On April 29, 1994, a jury in Denton County convicted James Lee Clark of robbery and the murder and rape of Crews. On May 3, 1994 Judge Sam Houston sentenced Clark to death.
Clark was initially located in the Ellis Unit, but was transferred to the Allan B. Polunsky Unit (formerly the Terrell Unit) in 1999. Clark filed an appeal asserting he had been denied effective assistance of counsel because his original trial attorneys, Richard Podgorski and Henry Paine, made no opening arguments, called no witnesses for guilt or innocence in either the trial or penalty phase, and did not perform adequate discovery, having made no attempt to contact or interview any members of Clark's family or other relevant persons from his past. In fact, there is no evidence they even pursued these avenues despite the Supreme Court ruling, Wiggins v. Smith (2003), that established standards for effective legal counsel, stating that counsel must perform a reasonable exploration of investigation in constituting defense strategy or risk creating an unconstitutional deprivation of rights to effective counsel.
Brown's trial for the murder of Garza was delayed due to the injury of his leg, and at his trial he was depicted as appearing "young and defenseless as he sat at the defense table in a wheelchair". Brown admitted to the robbery, but denied involvement in the murders, describing how he was shot in the act of trying to prevent the crime, and expressed remorse for his acts. Ultimately, he was convicted of only the robberies, was sentenced to 20 years, and has since been denied for parole twice.
On October 6, 1996, the court upheld James Lee Clark's conviction and sentence on direct appeal. On October 15, 1996, his trial attorneys informed Clark they would no longer represent him and were replaced by James Rasmussen. On April 19, 1997, Clark filed a writ of habeas corpus with the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals challenging the validity of his conviction and sentence and asserting eleven grounds for relief, including his claim of ineffectual counsel. The courts denied his application on July 8, 1998, without ever holding an evidentiary hearing, choosing instead to simply review the court records.
On July 27, 1998, Clark appealed this decision to the United States district court; the appeal was denied on December 13, 1999, again without allowing discovery or an evidentiary hearing. On January 12, 2000, he requested the district court review this decision, which was denied on January 28, 2000, including his petition to reexamine his claim of mental retardation being a mitigating circumstance to the crimes.
After the landmark Supreme Court decision in Atkins v. Virginia (2002), which outlawed the execution of persons deemed mentally retarded, Clark moved his sentence should be commuted to life imprisonment without possibility of parole.
The Supreme Court did not specifically outline exact definitions for "mental retardation" and suggested states follow the definition used by the American Association on Mental Retardation (which generally stated that an IQ less than 70 with two or more supporting limitations be used as the guideline), leaving ultimate decision to the individual states. The State of Texas adopted two definitions, both of which contain the same three basic elements, that mental retardation was a disability characterized by "significantly subaverage" intellectual functioning, accompanied with "related limitations in adaptive functioning" and a documented onset of these characterizations prior to the age of 18. Further, they determined that in testing for retardation "scores gathered through intelligence testing are necessarily imprecise and must be interpreted flexibly." The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals ruled that Clark did not meet any of the three criteria for retardation, and affirmed the lower court ruling to uphold his conviction and sentence. An execution date was set for November 21, 2002. However, on November 18, 2002 the execution was stayed pending further examination of Clark's assertion of being mentally retarded, pursuant to the Atkins ruling.
In April 2003 Clark was assessed by clinical psychologist Dr. George C. Denkowski, who had previously assessed four other post-Atkins cases and concluded only one of the four had clear mental retardation under the statutes. Denkowski performed a six-hour examination of Clark, administering the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) and the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS). He determined that Clark had an IQ of 65 and had adaptive skills deficits in the areas of health, safety, social and work, thus clearly falling under the restrictions set by the Atkins ruling.
Despite the fact that the Harris County Prosecutor cited Denkowski's expertise in upholding his findings in the other four cases, Denton County District Attorney Bruce Isaacks rejected the findings, fired Denkowski and hired Dr. Thomas Allen to assess the possibility that Clark was faking mental retardation.
After interviewing Clark for two hours and 16 minutes, during which Allen did not perform any standardized tests to determine Clark's IQ, Allen determined that Clark was indeed faking his retardation by intentionally presenting himself as less intelligent to avoid execution. He cited the fact that Clark's prison cell contained copies of newspaper articles, crossword puzzles and a copy of the Charles Dickens book A Tale of Two Cities. It was ultimately revealed that none of the puzzles had been completed, the articles were about the Atkins case and had been sent to him from people outside the prison as gifts. Clark had stated that he had never read the book.
The defense then hired their own doctor to do an assessment of Clark, choosing Dr. Denis Keyes, whose expert studies had been cited in the actual Atkins ruling. Keyes examined Clark over two sessions lasting a total of seven and a half hours, administering the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, and found that Clark had an IQ of 68. Keyes stated that he felt Clark's ability to behave appropriately for his age was "virtually nonexistent" and concluded that Clark should not be executed, citing both the Texas Mentally Retarded Persons Act and the Atkins ruling. Keyes stated, "Individuals with mental retardation typically have severe deficits in judgment potential, and are simply unable to understand the consequences of their behaviors. People with mental retardation have several characteristics; among these are defective intellectual capacity, shorter attention spans, poor memory, poor planning ability, lack of ability to appreciate the consequences of their actions, severe learning problems, marked deficits in adaptive skill areas, and limited ability to learn from previous experience. James's background confirms problems with virtually every one of the above characteristics." Additionally, Keyes noted his support of Dendowski's findings, calling them "credible and correct" and his opinion that Allen's assessment did not meet the legally required guidelines for diagnosis and ruling out a diagnosis, based on his failure to perform accepted standardized testing. Both Denkowski and Keyes rejected Allen's diagnosis and agreed that Clark was not faking his mental retardation.
On November 17, 2003 a hearing, presided over by Judge Lee Gabriel, was held to examine this evidence. Gabriel, over defense objections, ruled that Clark would appear in court handcuffed, shackled, and wearing an electroshock stun belt, On November 20, after a three-day hearing, Gabriel rejected the findings of both Keyes and Denkowski and accepted those of Allen, ruling that Clark did not meet the legal standards for mental retardation. She cited a 1983 IQ test administered at the Gainesville State School indicating Clark's IQ at 74, stating that as it was given to Clark as a youth it was a more reliable standard as he had "no reason to fake results at that point." Dr. Jim Flynn, an expert on changes in IQ scores over time (the Flynn effect) wrote that "the best estimate" of Clark's IQ in 2003 would be 68.57 (similar to what Keyes determined), and "it is almost certain that [Clark's IQ] is not 70 or above."
In further support of her ruling, Gabriel allowed and gave weight to testimony from untrained lay people whose statements were of anecdotal nature and unreliable. One such witness was Clark's former landlord, who readily admitted she had memory problems, who testified that she believed that Clark's ability to pay his own bills, barter chores for rent reduction and capacity to play card games similar to Uno, meant he could not be retarded. This was in direct conflict with the Texas Persons With Mental Retardation Act which dictates, "'Person with mental retardation' means a person determined by a physician or psychologist licensed in this state or certified by the department to have subaverage general intellectual functioning with deficits in adaptive behavior.' That is, only a licensed physician or psychologist may determine who's mentally retarded. Anecdotal information, or the opinions of untrained laypeople is not meaningful." None-the-less, Judge Gabriel declared Clark fit for execution.
On January 20, 2005, the district court rendered final judgment denying the successive habeas corpus petition, which was overturned on March 16, 2005 when the district court granted Clark's application for a certificate of appealability. However, on July 20, 2006, the 5th Circuit Court affirmed the judgment January 2005 ruling and denied habeas relief. On August 29, 2006, the court denied Clark's petition for rehearing. Finally, on February 26, 2007, the Supreme Court denied Clark's petition for writ of certiorari. The trial court reset his execution date for April 11, 2007 and on February 28, 2007 Judge Gabriel signed the execution order.
Execution
The case drew international attention and campaigns to stop the execution were waged by Amnesty International, Amnesty USA, Petitions Online, Urgent Action Network, Texas Moratorium Network and other anti-death penalty groups.
On April 11, 2007, the day of the execution, the Steinway piano that John Lennon used to compose the 1971 song "Imagine" was placed outside the front door of the prison as a protest to the execution, a sign of peace and statement that there is too much violence in the world.
That same day, Texas Governor Rick Perry refused to commute the death sentence. Two hours prior to the execution, the Supreme Court denied a last-minute appeal, and at 6:17 pm, James Lee Clark was executed in the Walls Unit of Huntsville Prison by means of lethal injection. He requested no final meal. When asked if he had any final words he gave a nervous chuckle and stated, "Uh, I don't know. Um, I don't know what to say. I don't know …" He then seemed to notice the witnesses in the gallery and added, "I didn't know anybody was there," he laughed again and said, "Howdy." The lethal cocktail of medications were administered, and Clark made a gurgling sound and became still.
References
Category:1968 births
Category:2007 deaths
Category:21st-century executions by Texas
Category:American people convicted of murder
Category:People convicted of murder by Texas
Category:21st-century executions of American people
Category:People executed for murder
Category:People executed by Texas by lethal injection
Category:People from Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Category:American rapists
Category:Executed people from Louisiana |
Set to the all-new sonic backdrop of Awesome Mixtape #2, Marvel Studios’ “Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2” continues the team’s adventures as they traverse the outer reaches of the cosmos. The Guardians must fight to keep their newfound family together as they unravel the mystery of Peter Quill’s true parentage. Old foes become new allies and fan-favourite characters from the classic comics will come to our heroes’ aid as the Marvel Cinematic Universe continues to expand.
Bonus: |
Q:
How to pass a unique uuid to each callback?
I'm using multer-s3-transform, which allows me to manipulate the image coming in, before uploading it to my bucket. Here's what I have:
const singleImageUploadJpg = multer({
storage: multerS3({
s3: s3,
bucket: "muh-bucket",
acl: "public-read",
key: function(req, file, cb) {
const fileName = uuid.v4();
cb(null, fileName);
},
shouldTransform: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(null, true);
},
transforms: [
{
id: "original",
key: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(null, `${uuid.v4()}.jpg`);
},
transform: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(
null,
sharp()
.resize()
.jpeg({ quality: 50 })
);
}
},
{
id: "small",
key: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(null, `${uuid.v4()}_small.jpg`);
},
transform: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(
null,
sharp()
.resize()
.jpeg({ quality: 50 })
);
}
}
]
}),
limits: { fileSize: 50 * 1024 * 1024 }
}).single("image");
The problem is that the uuid will always be different for the small and the original versions. How can I make const fileName = uuid.v4() passed down to each callback, so that they'd have the same name, with _small being the only difference?
A:
I assume that multer calls the functions provided repeatedly, which is why you don't do the obvious thing Jim Nilsson suggested. Also, sadly, you've said that the file you receive in the transform callback doesn't have the name you specify earlier.
Two possibilities, both assuming that either the file object or the req object you receive is the same in both callbacks:
Your own expando property
A WeakMap
Expando property
You could try to piggyback it on the file/req (I use file below), like so (see *** comments):
const singleImageUploadJpg = multer({
storage: multerS3({
s3: s3,
bucket: "muh-bucket",
acl: "public-read",
key: function(req, file, cb) {
file.__uuid__ = uuid.v4(); // ***
cb(null, file.__uuid__);
},
shouldTransform: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(null, true);
},
transforms: [
{
id: "original",
key: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(null, `${uuid.v4()}.jpg`);
},
transform: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(
null,
sharp()
.resize()
.jpeg({ quality: 50 })
);
}
},
{
id: "small",
key: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(null, `${file.__uuid__}_small.jpg`); // ***
},
transform: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(
null,
sharp()
.resize()
.jpeg({ quality: 50 })
);
}
}
]
}),
limits: { fileSize: 50 * 1024 * 1024 }
}).single("image");
That would probably be doing something undocumented, though, which means you need to be careful to test with every "dot release" of the library you upgrade to.
WeakMap:
Alternately, you could use a WeakMap keyed by the file or req (I use file below):
const nameMap = new WeakMap();
const singleImageUploadJpg = multer({
storage: multerS3({
s3: s3,
bucket: "muh-bucket",
acl: "public-read",
key: function(req, file, cb) {
const fileName = uuid.v4();
nameMap.set(file, fileName); // ***
cb(null, fileName);
},
shouldTransform: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(null, true);
},
transforms: [
{
id: "original",
key: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(null, `${uuid.v4()}.jpg`);
},
transform: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(
null,
sharp()
.resize()
.jpeg({ quality: 50 })
);
}
},
{
id: "small",
key: function(req, file, cb) {
const fileName = nameMap.get(file); // ***
nameMap.delete(file); // *** (optional, presumably `file` will be released at some point, which would remove it automatically)
cb(null, `${fileName}_small.jpg`); // ***
},
transform: function(req, file, cb) {
cb(
null,
sharp()
.resize()
.jpeg({ quality: 50 })
);
}
}
]
}),
limits: { fileSize: 50 * 1024 * 1024 }
}).single("image");
|
Species delimitation in the genus Lipomyces by nuclear genome comparison.
Species delimitation in Lipomyces was attempted by nuclear genome comparison in conjunction with the re-evaluation of 48 physiological characters of 65 strains. High intraspecific (> 75%) and low interspecific (< 28%) similarity values established that L. japonicus, L. lipofer and L. tetrasporus are genetically isolated, and also distinct from L. kononenkoae and L. starkeyi. Ambiguous similarity values were obtained with L. kononenkoae and L. starkeyi. Strains previously assigned to L. kononenkoae constitute two related clusters. While similarity values within each cluster range from 76-99%, representatives of the two clusters reassociate for only 47%. Since these clusters are differentiated by their ecologically relevant maximum growth temperature, L. kononenkoae is subdivided. Strains previously assigned to L. starkeyi resolve into four closely related clusters. While similarity values within each cluster range from 78-100%, representatives of the four clusters reassociate for only 59-69%. Since these four clusters are poorly differentiated, the subdivision of L. starkeyi does not appear possible without recourse to other criteria. Four unassigned strains constitute a further two clusters. Reassociation within these clusters is of the order of 91-100%, while reassociation between them occurs only at 59%. Reassociation of representatives of these clusters with those of the L. kononenkoae and L. starkeyi complexes is around 40% and 31%, respectively. These two clusters consequently appear to be intermediate between L. kononenkoae and L. starkeyi, and will, as such, have to be considered in any delimitation of these two species. A key to the taxa of Lipomyces and related genera of the Lipomycetaceae is given. |
Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of biological therapy for inflammatory conditions in HIV-infected individuals.
Biologic therapies are injectable immunomodulatory agents directed against specific immune cell or chemical targets. They have transformed the lives of HIV-uninfected individuals with severe inflammatory conditions including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. The perceived increased infection risk associated with these agents means that HIV-infected individuals have not been included in randomised control trials of these drugs. The literature for use of biologic therapies in HIV-infected populations is limited to case reports and case series. There are additional data on use of rituximab, a monoclonal antibody against B lymphocytes, in the setting of HIV-associated haematological malignancy. We performed a systematic review of efficacy and safety of biologic therapy for inflammatory conditions in HIV-infected individuals. Our systematic review identified 37 treatment episodes with six different biologic agents encompassing 10 different inflammatory conditions. Broadly, efficacy of the agents studied was comparable to reports from HIV-uninfected patients. Both infectious and non-infectious sequelae were also comparable with trial data from HIV-uninfected patients. HIV control, even for the minority of individuals not receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART) at the time of biologic therapy, was not adversely affected. However, detail was limited concerning ART regimens and both immunological and virological parameters of follow-up. Overall available literature is of very low quality and likely subject to publication bias of successful cases. Firm conclusions are not possible regarding the efficacy and safety of biologic agents in HIV-infected individuals; however, there appear to be sufficient data to warrant inclusion of individuals with well-controlled HIV in future trial studies. |
Food just for us!
I quite like the flexible approach to food explained in the articles further down on Virudh Aahar or the toxicity of certain food combinations. It makes more sense to me than the one size fits all – or latest fad – approach we are accustomed to. Articles: Food against us!
What I feel is missing however is the notion of ‘Doshas’ and how some foods that are good for one person are less appropriate for another. To learn the basics about this, I would recommend the easy to read books by Deepak Chopra. I myself started with Maigrir avec l’Ayurveda (which I am guessing corresponds to the book What Are You Hungry For) which is a really healthy approach to reaching your ideal, healthy, weight.
One of the book’s best resources, I find, is the weekly one-day fast with juices and soups. When you are able to keep it up, this fasting is a real help in keeping your body healthy, detoxing, transforming your dependence on food, helping you monitor food allergies or intolerances and keeping you weight in check. The difficulty with Ayurveda however, is applying it to our Western habits. With stress, professional lunch engagements, dinner with friends you just can’t cancel, and in my case, candidose-related sugar urges, 24 hour fasts every week have not been easy to keep up. To put a number on it, I have been unable to do them for some two years now.
So, this made me wonder to what extent, for people like me, intermittent fasting could be a solution. The thing is, with my specific Pitta-Kapha ‘Dosha’ combination and my Group A blood-type, the best thing for me seems to be to eat a protein-based breakfast, a hearty lunch and a light dinner of only vegetables. Skipping one of these meals on a daily basis – like the intermittent fasting diet suggests – throws the whole thing off balance, for days on end. And when I tested it out, what happened is that I started over-compensating at dinner, thus overloading my already weak digestion and gaining even more weight.
This is not something that ever happened with the 24 hour fast. So, my guess is the more traditional approach to fasting is better suited for me. But like I said, I have been unable to apply it lately.
I just have to accept that and remember that it does not mean I cannot go back to it when I feel ready. In fact, my little victory this week is that I did fast for a day. I am not saying I will be able to do it again next week, but it is a step forward.
It is all about doing the best you can within the limits of what is possible at a given point in time.
Essentially, what came out of the experiment, is that working on accepting my shape, my weight, my insufficiencies, respecting myself, and being kind to myself are more important than absolutely wanting to stick to a certain diet. |
This invention relates to the field of genetic markers for disease.
In most cases the complex genetic contribution to cancer and other disease susceptibility remains to be elucidated. Efforts have focused on identification of potentially pathogenetic allelic variants of individual candidate loci. To increase the probability of identifying such variants, this invention focuses on interaction of candidate loci. According to this invention, it is a candidate locus interaction, rather than simply a candidate gene inquiry, that serves as the principal means of discovery. |
Fed's Bullard: Low rates will likely be the norm for the next two to three years
Low interest rates will likely be the norm during the next two to three years, James Bullard, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and a voting member of the Federal Open Market Committee, said in prepared remarks on Monday.
The U.S. is in a low-productivity growth regime, which is pressuring real safe rates of return, he said.
With real safe rates of return exceptionally low and not expected to rise soon, interest rates should be expected to stay exceptionally low during the forecast horizon, he said.
Bullard's comments come one month after he voted against hiking the federal funds rate. The Fed continues to grapple with deciding when it will increase rates from the current target range of 0.25 to 0.50 percent. The last time the Fed raised rates was in December 2015, when it did so for the first time in nine years.
Fed watchers expect the next increase to come by year end. Fed fund futures show implied odds of nearly 70 percent for a December rate hike, according to the CME Group FedWatch website. |
<div class="legal">
<div class="copyright">
© {{currentYear}} <a href="javascript:void(0);">EventCloud</a>.
</div>
<div class="version">
<b>Version </b> {{versionText}}
</div>
</div> |
The number of reported cases of COVID-19 in Alberta doubled on Tuesday to 14, and the province's chief medical officer of health is now warning people to be cautious about making plans to travel outside the country.
Dr. Deena Hinshaw provided her latest update on Tuesday, detailing the seven new cases and outlining the ongoing work to protect public health.
Three of the new cases are from the Edmonton zone. The other four are from the Calgary zone, Hinshaw said.
One person whose case was previously announced is currently receiving treatment in hospital. The person, who is in stable condition, had a pre-existing chronic condition.
All 14 of the cases confirmed in Alberta so far have been travel-related, Hinshaw said, which means health officials are not seeing evidence of the illnesses spreading within the province.
The new cases in the Edmonton zone involve a man in his 70s and a woman in her 60s who were travelling together. The third Edmonton-area case involved a woman in her 30s who had recently travelled outside of Canada.
The four cases in Calgary involve a man in his 50s, two women in their 30s and a woman in her 40s.
All of the new cases are recovering in isolation at home.
The travellers had returned from France, the Netherlands, Egypt, Iran, Taiwan, Germany, Malaysia, Trinidad and Tobago, the Philippines and the United States.
Several of the travellers visited more than one country on their trip. One was also on the same MS Braemar cruise ship in the Caribbean as a case announced on March 8.
"The fact that all of our confirmed cases are travel-related indicates that we continue to take the right approach at this time," Hinshaw said. "Our public health measures are doing precisely what they were intended to do — detect new cases and take immediate action."
Hinshaw said the number of cases in the province is likely to continue to rise over the coming weeks.
The jump of seven cases in the past 24 hours, she said, shows the public health system is likely capturing "a two-week summary" of people who are arriving back in the province after contracting the virus outside the country.
In her comments Tuesday, Hinshaw included a warning for people with travel plans.
"The risk around the world does continue to increase, which is why I'm asking Albertans to think very carefully before making travel plans for out of the country."
The chief medical officer of health said she is aware that there have been cases where people who returned from trips outside Canada have gone to work while feeling ill.
Those likely occurred, she said, before the province expanded its warnings to include all other countries. Originally, health officials warned only about travelling to seven "countries of concern."
"What we're doing is catching up, I suppose," Hinshaw said. "And we're really trying to emphasize now ... that going forward, anyone who returns from travel and has any symptoms of fever or cough, even if it's a mild cough, should not go to work, should not leave the house, should call 811 and get tested."
The seven cases announced before Tuesday were:
A woman in her 50s who lives in the Calgary health zone contracted coronavirus while on board the Grand Princess cruise ship before it was quarantined off the coast of California. She returned to Alberta on Feb. 21 and is currently in isolation at home. Her case, the first in Alberta, was reported Thursday, March 5.
A man in his 40s who lives in the Edmonton zone tested positive for COVID-19 last Friday. He had visited Michigan, Illinois, and Ohio before returning to Alberta on Feb. 28.
On Sunday, Hinshaw announced the province's third and fourth COVID-19 cases — a man in his 60s from the Edmonton zone, and a woman in her 30s from the Calgary zone who is a close contact of someone who had recently travelled in Europe.
On Monday, Hinshaw announced that a woman in her 70s who lives in the Edmonton zone has COVID-19. She is a close contact of an Edmonton-zone man with COVID-19 whose case was announced on Sunday. Like the man, the woman was on-board the Grand Princess cruise ship before returning home on Feb. 21. Her symptoms started after she got home to Alberta.
Also Monday, the province announced that a man in his 30s from the Calgary zone has the illness. He is a close contact of the Calgary-zone woman announced as a case of COVID-19 on March 8. The man had travelled to Ukraine, the Netherlands and Turkey. He returned to Alberta on March 2. His symptoms started after his return. |
I became a Furman Scholar after my 1L year.
They usually admit a couple people each year
to the program, in addition to people who come
in, and it was very good for someone interested
in academia to be a part of that program.
They have the dedicated seminar where you
can focus on your writing, you get feedback
on this writing, you were given a professor
mentor, I was very fortunate to work with
Professor Sharkey, Professor Kamin, and Professor
Batchelder, all who in different ways made
me a much better writer and a much better
potential academic should I go down that path.
|
Q:
what is best column type for status in mysql
I have status field that can get some values(not just two) like: pending,active, inactive, inactive by admin, archived.
what mysql field type should I use for performance and readability?
I found two solution. which of these is better and why?(if any other solution let me know):
1- use tinyint and in comment mention that each number is for what
2- use varchar and put status directly into it
A:
My opinion would be that if you are simply selecting the value then it would not matter whether you will use varchar or tinyint.
But if you are going to use it in some where condition then tinyint would have an edge over varchar. Also it is recommended to choose the smallest data type possible.
|
package dispatch.as.json4s.stream
import dispatch.stream.StringsByLine
import org.json4s._
import org.json4s.jackson.JsonMethods._
object Json {
def apply[T](f: JValue => T) =
new StringsByLine[Unit] {
def onStringBy(string: String) = {
f(parse(string, true))
()
}
def onCompleted = ()
}
}
|
FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION JUN 12 2014
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
DUSTIN ROLLINS, on behalf of himself No. 12-16261
and all other similarly situated persons,
D.C. No. 2:11-cv-00027-JAT
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v. MEMORANDUM*
MORTGAGE ELECTRONIC
REGISTRATION SYSTEMS, INC.;
MERSCORP, INC.,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Arizona
James A. Teilborg, Senior District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted November 8, 2013
San Francisco, California
Before: TASHIMA, W. FLETCHER, and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges.
Dustin Rollins appeals the district court’s order dismissing his claim for
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
statutory wrongful foreclosure and partially dismissing his claims1 for tortious
wrongful foreclosure, declaratory judgment, equitable relief, punitive
damages and attorneys’ fees. On limited remand from this Court, the district court
certified its dismissal order as an appealable final judgment under Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 54(b). Therefore, we have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
1291.
“We review de novo the district court’s dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) and
review for abuse of discretion the denial of leave to amend.” Sylvia Landfield
Trust v. City of Los Angeles, 729 F.3d 1189, 1191 (9th Cir. 2013) (citation
omitted). We affirm, but remand for entry of an order permitting Rollins to file a
motion for leave to amend.
Rollins’s claim for statutory wrongful foreclosure fails. Defendants
Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. and MERSCORP, Inc. (together,
“MERS”) had the legal authority to send Rollins the foreclosure notice under Ga.
Code Ann. § 44-14-162.2 and to foreclose under Ga. Code Ann. § 44-14-162(b),
even though MERS was not the holder of the note. You v. JP Morgan Chase Bank,
N.A., 743 S.E.2d 428, 433 (Ga. 2013) (“Under current Georgia law, the holder of a
1
As discussed in our previous order, the district court partially remanded
these claims to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia
(i.e., the transferor court).
2
deed to secure debt is authorized to exercise the power of sale in accordance with
the terms of the deed even if it does not also hold the note or otherwise have any
beneficial interest in the debt obligation underlying the deed.”).2
Furthermore, under Section 44-14-162.2, the “required notice need not
expressly identify the foreclosing party as a ‘secured creditor.’” Id. at 434 n.7.
Instead, “[w]e need look no further than the plain language of the statute to
determine whom the notice must name,” i.e., “the name, address, and telephone
number of the individual or entity who shall have full authority to negotiate,
amend, and modify all terms of the mortgage with the debtor.” Id. at 433-34
(citing Ga. Code Ann. § 44-14-162.2). Rollins concedes that the foreclosure notice
names the “servicing agent,” see id., Aurora Loan Services, as the entity that has
“full authority to negotiate, amend, and modify all terms of the mortgage.”
In addition, Rollins’s claim that MERS violated Ga. Code Ann. § 23-2-114
(“Powers of sale in deeds of trust, mortgages, and other instruments shall be
strictly construed and shall be fairly exercised.”), as well as – in relevant part – his
claims for tortious wrongful foreclosure, declaratory judgment, equitable relief,
punitive damages and attorneys’ fees, are all based on the alleged violations of
2
The Supreme Court of Georgia now has issued its decision in You.
Accordingly, Rollins’s motion for judicial notice of the federal court order
certifying questions to the Supreme Court of Georgia is denied as moot.
3
Sections 44-14-162(b) and 44-14-162.2. These derivative claims fail for the same
reasons.
Nevertheless, we remand. Given that You had not yet been decided at the
time of the dismissal order, we cannot say that the district court abused its
discretion in denying Rollins leave to amend. However, in light of You, Rollins
now argues that he has a plausible basis to allege that Aurora Loan Services lacked
full authority to modify the loan, and that the foreclosure notice therefore was
inadequate under Section 44-14-162.2. See You v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.,
No. 1:12-CV-202-JEC-AJB, 2014 WL 793325, at *1-3 (N.D. Ga. Feb. 25, 2014)
(“In response to the Georgia Court’s opinion, the amended complaint specifically
alleges that Chase did not have ‘full authority’ to modify ‘all the terms’ of the
mortgage.”). Whether any such proposed amendment successfully states a claim
for relief will be a question for the district court on remand. See Cervantes v.
Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 656 F.3d 1034, 1040-41 (9th Cir. 2011).
Each side to bear its own costs on appeal.
AFFIRMED in part, and REMANDED for entry of an order permitting
Rollins to file a motion for leave to amend.
4
|
1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a device array substrate. More particularly, the present invention relates to an active device array substrate.
2. Description of Related Art
As the need for displays grows rapidly, the industries have devoted to the developments related to displays. The cathode ray tube (CRT) display, in particular, has played a dominant role in the display market for years as result of its extraordinary displaying quality and technical maturity. Since the displays with minor power consumption and lesser radiation lead by the thriving concepts for the environment protection recently are demanded and that requires, the traditional CRT display cannot meet these requirements. Also, the traditional CRT display is strictly limited in its size and shape, and thus it cannot fulfill the market trends to design and produce the display as a light, thin, small and exquisite gadget. Hence, the thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) that features high resolution, low consumption, no radiation and so forth, has become the mainstream in the display marketplace.
FIG. 1 schematically shows a top view of a traditional TFT array substrate. Please refer to FIG. 1. The traditional TFT array substrate 100 comprises a substrate 110, a plurality of scan lines 120, a plurality of data lines 130, a plurality of common lines 140, a plurality of TFTs 150 and a plurality of pixel electrodes 160. Wherein, the scan lines 120 and data lines 130 are disposed on the substrate 100 and they construct a plurality of pixel regions 10a. The TFTs 150 are respectively disposed in these pixel regions 110a and each of the TFTs 150 is electrically connected to a scan line 120 and a data line correspondingly. The pixel electrodes 160 are respectively disposed in these pixel regions 110a and each of the pixel electrodes 160 is electrically connected to a TFT 150 correspondingly.
The common lines 140 and scan lines 120 are roughly parallel and they are staggeringly disposed on the substrate 110. Each of the common lines 140 has a plurality of branches 140a extending outside from their edges of two sides and these branches 140a are adjacent to these data lines 130. Additionally, since these branches 140a are partly overlapped with the edge of each of pixel electrodes 160, the branches 140a can not only raise the storage capacitance value Cst but provide the shielding for the abnormal alignment region between each of pixel electrodes 160 and these data lines 130. Nevertheless, due to the limitations of line widths for these branches 140a and the requirements of alignment precision for each layer in the traditional TFT array substrate 100, the aperture ratio of the TFT array substrate 100 cannot be further increased. |
You are here
Connectivity Projects With Armenia Take Center Stage
Armenia’s land borders with Iran makes it a gateway to Eurasian and European markets for Iranian goods and gives Iranian producers the opportunity to complete part of the production chain in Armenia and distribute their goods throughout the Eurasian Economic Union.
First Vice President Es’haq Jahangiri, who arrived in Armenia on Wednesday for a two-day visit, made the statement in a business forum in Yerevan on Thursday.
The EEU is an economic union of former Soviet republics led by Russia to guarantee free transit of goods, services, capital and workers among member states. Besides Russia, other members include Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, IRNA reported.
The Iranian VP said Iran needs to play a more significant role as one of the transit routes for Armenian goods.
“The importance of Armenia's North-South Road Corridor and Armenia-Iran Railroad projects goes beyond bilateral relations, as they have regional significance. That is why I am here to announce Iran’s full support for these two projects,” he said.
The North-South Road Corridor is a major infrastructure project aimed at connecting Armenia's southern border with its northern point by means of a 556-km-long Meghri-Yerevan-Bavra Highway.
The Armenia-Iran Railroad is also an ongoing project that seeks to connect the two countries through Armenia’s mountainous Syunik Province bordering Iran, thereby creating the shortest transit corridor from the ports of the Black Sea to the ports of Persian Gulf.
“Problems associated with a third power transmission line from Iran to Armenia have been resolved and the implementation of the project has resumed. The project will be completed within 24 months and shore up economic ties between the two neighboring countries,” he said.
Two 220-kilowatt transmission lines currently run from Iran to Armenia and the Export Development Bank of Iran is set to allocate $93 million for the development of a third cross-border transmission.
"Tapping into the potential of the two countries' free trade zones, particularly Aras Free Economic Zone, which has shared borders with Armenia, would open up vast opportunities for Armenian traders and investors," the vice president said.
Aras is located in northwestern Iran and borders Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. It serves as a corridor and connects Iran to Central Asian countries.
Jahangiri also underlined the importance of removing obstacles to trade between the private sectors of the two countries and said the end-price of exporting goods to either country needs to decline.
“To reach this goal, the two sides are weighing a preferential trade tariff agreement, the draft of which has been handed to Armenian officials,” he said, adding that a joint committee needs to be formed to finalize the task.
Jahangiri noted that while the two countries enjoy good political ties, the same cannot be said about trade and economic relations.
Imports of commodities like air pumps, battery waste, aluminum alloys, animal vaccine, copper waste and floor covering over the same period stood at around $19 million.
> Time-Honored Ties
Armenian Prime Minister Hovik Abrahamyan, who was also present in the Yerevan business forum, said, "Armenian-Iranian relations are based on centuries-old friendship and mutual respect. I am convinced that the new political situation in the region will enable us to strengthen our ties more than ever.”
Abrahamyan said Armenia’s textile and processing industries, transport and tourism are very likely to interest Iranian businesspeople.
"The construction of the North-South Road Corridor, Armenia-Iran Railroad and the third power transmission line between Armenia and Iran as well as the Meghri Hydroelectric Power Plant will give a new push to regional development," the premier was quoted by Armenian news agency News.am as saying.
Meghri Dam, also known as Aras Dam, is a hydroelectric dam currently under construction on Aras River near Armenia's southern town of Meghri on the Armenia–Iran border.
Abrahamyan hailed the Iran's nuclear deal with world powers and stressed that the July 14 accord will benefit the entire region by contributing to regional and international security and sustainable development, opening perspectives for the expansion of bilateral and multilateral cooperation.
He expressed Armenia’s readiness to support cooperation and launch dialogue between Iran and EEU, specifically regarding a free trade agreement.
Also at the forum was CEO of Export Development Bank of Iran, Ali Salehabadi. He said the Armenia-Iran Railroad will boost cooperation between the two countries and that neighboring countries are naturally a priority for Iran in terms of development of relations.
“Iran's presence in the markets of its neighbors is more competitive than in other markets. There are growing possibilities both in the area of goods and engineering and technical services,” he said.
According to Armenian sources, the forum was attended by more than 170 Armenian and 75 Iranian businesspeople. |
.. currentmodule:: PyQt5.QtQuick
QQuickTextDocument
------------------
.. class:: QQuickTextDocument
`C++ documentation <https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qquicktextdocument.html>`_
|
Q:
How do I set locale to GWT DateBox
I have a GWT DateBox implementation:
DateTimeFormat dateFormat = DateTimeFormat.getLongDateTimeFormat();
dateBox.setFormat(new DateBox.DefaultFormat(dateFormat));
I would like to set different locales for the date. For example
If Browser language is France the date should be:
2014 Mars 14
If Browser locale is English
2014 March 14
and so on.
Thank you in advance!
A:
Try this one
DateTimeFormat dateFormat = DateTimeFormat.getFormat(LocaleInfo.getCurrentLocale().getDateTimeFormatInfo().dateFormatLong());
Or you can do in this way:
Map<String, DefaultDateTimeFormatInfo> formats = new HashMap<String, DefaultDateTimeFormatInfo>();
DefaultDateTimeFormatInfo formatDE = new DateTimeFormatInfoImpl_de();
DefaultDateTimeFormatInfo formatEN = new DateTimeFormatInfoImpl_en();
DefaultDateTimeFormatInfo formatFR = new DateTimeFormatInfoImpl_fr();
DefaultDateTimeFormatInfo formatES = new DateTimeFormatInfoImpl_es();
DefaultDateTimeFormatInfo formatZH = new DateTimeFormatInfoImpl_zh();
DefaultDateTimeFormatInfo formatRU = new DateTimeFormatInfoImpl_ru();
formats.put("de", formatDE);
formats.put("en", formatEN);
formats.put("fr", formatFR);
formats.put("es", formatES);
formats.put("zh", formatZH);
formats.put("ru", formatRU);
String language = getLanguage();
DefaultDateTimeFormatInfo format = formats.get(language);
DateTimeFormat dateFormat = null;
if (format == null) {
dateFormat = DateTimeFormat.getFormat(LocaleInfo.getCurrentLocale()
.getDateTimeFormatInfo().dateFormatLong());
} else {
dateFormat = DateTimeFormat.getFormat(format.dateFormatFull());
}
System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));
DateBox dateBox = new DateBox();
dateBox.setFormat(new DateBox.DefaultFormat(dateFormat));
RootPanel.get().add(dateBox);
using JSNI
public static final native String getLanguage() /*-{
return navigator.language;
}-*/;
Screenshot for French(fr) locale
In above code date is formatted as per locale but still month is displayed in English language for e.g. March is not replaced with Mars for France.
To solve this problem we have to define locale.
Read here about setting locale language dynamically initially.
Seems like there are 5 ways to provide the locale:
1.) using a query param named "locale". To use this method you can let your
web server send a redirect from app.example.com to
app.example.com/?locale= after determining the locale on your web
server if possible or you do the redirect from within your app, e.g. in
your onModuleLoad() you use Window.Location.assign( + ). You can change the name of the query param by setting a
different value to "locale.queryparam".
2.) using a cookie. To use this you have to define the cookie name by
setting "locale.cookie" to any value as in I18N.gwt.xml no default cookie
name is defined.
3.) using meta tags. As already described you can include a gwt:property
meta tag in a dynamic host page.
4.) using the user agent information. To use this you have to activate it
by setting "locale.useragent" to "Y" as its disabled by default in
I18N.gwt.xml.
5.) create your own property provider and use JavaScript to fill the
"locale" property value yourself. Here you are completely free how to
obtain the value.
GWT's default search order is "query param, cookie, meta, useragent" but
cookie and useragent will be skipped if you don't configure/activate them.
You could also modify the search order by setting "locale.searchorder" in
your gwt.xml.
Now choose one solution ...
|
Persistence of CD133+ cells in human and mouse glioma cell lines: detailed characterization of GL261 glioma cells with cancer stem cell-like properties.
The concept of cancer stem cells suggests that there are malignant stem-like cells within a tumor that are responsible for tumor renewal and resistance to cytotoxic therapies. Studies have identified glioma stem-like cells that extrude Hoechst 33342 dye, representing a double-negative "side population" (SP) thought to be selectively resistant to drug therapy. A CD133+ stem cell-like subpopulation has been isolated from a human glioma that was enriched for tumor-initiating cells. It is unknown whether CD133+ cells with similar phenotype persist in established glioma cell lines, or if CD133 is a marker of glioma stem-like cells in rodents. We investigated whether CD133+ and SP cells existed in the GL261 cell line, a syngeneic mouse glioma model that is widely used for preclinical and translational research. Intracerebral injection of less than 100 CD133+ GL261 cells formed tumors, whereas it required 10,000 CD133(-) cells to initiate a tumor. CD133+ GL261 cells expressed nestin, formed tumor spheres with high frequency, and differentiated into glial and neuronal-like cells. Similar to GL261, seven human glioma cell lines analyzed also contained a rare CD133+ population. Surprisingly, we found that CD133+ GL261 cells did not reside in the SP, nor did the majority ( approximately 94%) of CD133+ human glioma cells. These results demonstrate that the expression of CD133 in murine glioma cells is associated with enhanced tumorigenicity and a stem-like phenotype. This study also reveals a previously unrecognized level of heterogeneity in glioma cell lines, exposing several populations of cells that have characteristics of cancer stem cells. |
- r/(-35). Put s, p, 4 in decreasing order.
p, 4, s
Let j = 0.093 - 0.293. Sort -2, j, -1 in ascending order.
-2, -1, j
Let f be (174/18)/((-6)/(-36)). Sort 4, f, -4 in decreasing order.
f, 4, -4
Let l be 5 + (22/(-77))/(3/21). Sort 5, -5, 46, l in decreasing order.
46, 5, l, -5
Suppose -3*i + 4*x - 60 = 2*i, -2*i - 5*x = -9. Let m be (-5)/25*0 + 1. Put i, -1, m in descending order.
m, -1, i
Let h = -4/51 - -169/204. Let v be 4/14 + 768/7. Let t = v + -106. Sort -1, t, h.
-1, h, t
Suppose -4*u + o = -9, 0*u - 15 = -4*u - o. Let a(f) = -f - 2. Let q be a(-16). Sort q, 4, u in decreasing order.
q, 4, u
Suppose 0 = 2*l - 142 + 136. Suppose -g = 2*g + 15. Let o be 2/4*(-4 + 2). Put g, l, o in increasing order.
g, o, l
Let b(x) = -x**3 - 49*x**2 + 52*x + 99. Let m be b(-50). Put -3, -12, m in descending order.
m, -3, -12
Suppose 2*o - 3*k = 25, -o + k + 5 = -2*k. Let r be (-25)/o*(-2)/(-3). Let j = -2 + 3. Put j, 0.2, r in ascending order.
r, 0.2, j
Let s = 289 - 290. Sort -6, 20, 1, s.
-6, s, 1, 20
Let k = -793/7 - -113. Suppose 3*o + 3*q = -o - 1, q = -3. Sort k, o, -1 in ascending order.
-1, k, o
Let j(a) = -a**2 + 16*a - 64. Let g be j(10). Sort 1, 5, g in ascending order.
g, 1, 5
Let q = 461 - 435. Sort q, 3, -2 in ascending order.
-2, 3, q
Suppose -4*y = -14 + 2. Suppose 10 = -y*g - 2. Sort g, -3, 1.
g, -3, 1
Let t be (-112)/(-20) + 6/(-10) + -6. Put t, 5, -140 in decreasing order.
5, t, -140
Suppose 4*u = 3*a + 54 - 1, 5*a + 2*u = -71. Sort 1, a, 5, -5 in ascending order.
a, -5, 1, 5
Let i = -44 + 47. Let c be (-11)/3 - (-3)/(-9). Let q = c + -1. Sort -3, i, q in ascending order.
q, -3, i
Suppose 4*z + 16 = 4*a, -4*z + 0*z = -2*a + 12. Let c(w) = w**2 - w - 4. Let d be c(0). Put z, -1, 2, d in decreasing order.
2, -1, z, d
Suppose -4*s + 3*s + x = 4, 5*s = -x + 4. Suppose 0 = 5*d - s*d. Suppose 0 = -3*w + m - 0*m + 10, d = w - 3*m + 2. Put -5, w, 11 in increasing order.
-5, w, 11
Let k = -44.7 - -43. Let g = k + 0.7. Put -2/3, -0.11, g in descending order.
-0.11, -2/3, g
Let s = -9.9 + 10. Suppose -5*w + 5*x = 2*x - 10, 4 = 2*w - 2*x. Let u = 69 - 481/7. Sort u, w, s in increasing order.
s, u, w
Let c be ((1 + 3)/(-4))/((-23)/(-69)). Sort 22, c, 1 in ascending order.
c, 1, 22
Let z = -114.5 - -115. Sort 1/3, z, -8/11, -3/4 in decreasing order.
z, 1/3, -8/11, -3/4
Let o be (10/(-4))/(2/12). Let c be 0 + -1 - (17 + o). Let y = 2 - -3. Sort y, c, -1 in decreasing order.
y, -1, c
Let i be 1/(-4) + 3/6. Let g(d) = -2*d**2 + 52*d + 111. Let a be g(28). Sort i, -8, a in increasing order.
-8, a, i
Suppose 4*n - 2*w = 2 - 10, 16 = n - 5*w. Let g be n/72 + (-2)/12. Put -4, g, -1/6 in increasing order.
-4, g, -1/6
Let x be -3 - (75/(-9) - (-12)/9). Suppose 5*g - g = 20. Sort x, 1, 7, g in increasing order.
1, x, g, 7
Let g(m) = -m**2 - 8*m + 5. Let r be g(-7). Let l = r - 22. Let q = l + 6. Sort q, -5, -3 in decreasing order.
-3, q, -5
Let p = 33 - 69. Put -4, p, -3 in decreasing order.
-3, -4, p
Suppose 5*o = 7*o - 14. Suppose 5*b + o = 32. Sort b, -4, 0.
-4, 0, b
Let g = 1533 - 1529. Let n = -46 - -508/11. Sort -3/2, g, -1/2, n in decreasing order.
g, n, -1/2, -3/2
Let m be (5 + 78/(-18))/(4/(-18)). Put 11, 4, 5, m in decreasing order.
11, 5, 4, m
Let k = 1252 + -1251.96. Sort -2/3, 2/11, k, 5 in decreasing order.
5, 2/11, k, -2/3
Let a = 15 - 10. Suppose 4*w - j + 2 = 3*w, 3*j = -4*w - 29. Put 2, w, -4, a in decreasing order.
a, 2, -4, w
Let q be (-2)/11 + (-32)/(-176). Let c be (-3 - (-4 - -4)) + q. Let m be (0 - -1)*-1 - 1. Sort m, 0, c in descending order.
0, m, c
Let x = 115/152 + -1/152. Sort x, -17, 0, 1/4 in descending order.
x, 1/4, 0, -17
Let g be -2 + (-1 - 2) + -1. Let r be (32/20)/(48/20 + -2). Sort g, r, -3 in ascending order.
g, -3, r
Suppose 0 = -2*s - 2*x - 50, s - x = -0 - 17. Let c = 3 - s. Suppose -8*i + c = -10*i. Sort 5, -2, i in descending order.
5, -2, i
Let i(x) = x**2 + 14*x + 44. Let a be i(-7). Put 0.1, 3, -2/11, a in ascending order.
a, -2/11, 0.1, 3
Suppose 356*a = 369*a - 4004. Put a, -5, -1 in increasing order.
-5, -1, a
Let p be (-5)/15*12/4. Let i(r) = r - 2. Let t be i(6). Suppose -3*u - 2*k - 15 = 0, -11 = 5*u - 2*k + 14. Put p, t, u in decreasing order.
t, p, u
Let r(j) = j**3 - 2*j**2 - 2*j - 2. Let w be r(3). Let t(a) be the third derivative of -a**5/60 - a**2. Let y be t(1). Sort 4, y, w in descending order.
4, w, y
Let q = 966.88 - 967. Suppose 0 = -4*y + 10 + 6. Put y, 0, q in decreasing order.
y, 0, q
Let k = -29 - -40.6. Let v = -9 + k. Let p = v + -2.67. Sort 2/7, -0.4, p in ascending order.
-0.4, p, 2/7
Let w be ((-252)/35 + 8)*(-11 + 6)/(-20). Let i be 18/(-20) + (-2)/(-5). Put 2/11, i, w in ascending order.
i, 2/11, w
Let p be (-1 + -3)/(10/5). Suppose -7*o - 2 = -5*o. Let a = -176 - -180. Sort a, o, p in decreasing order.
a, o, p
Let i = 165 + -163. Put -4, 0, 0.3, i in descending order.
i, 0.3, 0, -4
Let d be 2/20*440474/(-3733). Let a = 2/3733 - d. Let f = -12 + a. Sort f, 3, 2 in descending order.
3, 2, f
Suppose 14*r = 11 + 45. Put 3, r, -5 in descending order.
r, 3, -5
Let t be (8/4)/2 - (-22)/(-16). Let h = -16 + 11. Put t, 0.5, h in increasing order.
h, t, 0.5
Suppose -70 + 58 = -6*r. Sort 6, -2, r, -4.
-4, -2, r, 6
Let y(j) = 37*j + 106. Let x be y(-3). Sort 1.39, x, -1/7 in increasing order.
x, -1/7, 1.39
Let p = -3.15 - -3.55. Sort 1/10, 0.3, 8, p.
1/10, 0.3, p, 8
Suppose -8 = -4*m + 4*c, 0 = -3*m - 3*c - 33 + 57. Let t be 9*1*(-5)/(-15). Sort -1, -8, m, t in descending order.
m, t, -1, -8
Let z = 336 - 317. Put z, -4/7, -0.3 in descending order.
z, -0.3, -4/7
Let b be 0*(-4*(-5)/8 + -2). Put b, 0.02, -4 in increasing order.
-4, b, 0.02
Suppose 51 = -11*s + 73. Sort -130, 0, s, -4 in decreasing order.
s, 0, -4, -130
Let n = 235 - 237. Sort n, -1, 0, 2 in descending order.
2, 0, -1, n
Let u = -39 + 27. Let p = 11.88 + u. Let a = -0.42 - p. Put a, 5, -4 in ascending order.
-4, a, 5
Let q be -17 + (18 - 13)/(-2 + 1). Put -3, q, 0 in decreasing order.
0, -3, q
Suppose -6*q + 3*q - 23*q = 0. Sort q, 6, 5 in decreasing order.
6, 5, q
Let a be 48/(-40) - 13/(-65). Put 4, -34, a in decreasing order.
4, a, -34
Let l be 5/3 - (1 - (-36)/(-27)). Let p = 1 + -1. Suppose p = -4*d + l*d. Sort -2, -5, d in ascending order.
-5, -2, d
Let g be (52366/(-24))/(289/(-68)). Let m = g + -5322/17. Let y = -197 + m. Sort -1/3, y, 5.
-1/3, y, 5
Let q = 168.932 + -169. Sort 1/2, q, -4 in decreasing order.
1/2, q, -4
Let o be (9/(-18))/((-7)/12*2). Put 2, o, 1.05 in descending order.
2, 1.05, o
Let c = 0.07 - 0.37. Suppose 19*u = 14*u + 140. Let q be u/60*4/(-14). Put -2, q, c in descending order.
q, c, -2
Let q = -200 + 210. Sort 2, q, 4, -6.
-6, 2, 4, q
Let v = -0.0475 - -0.0675. Put -0.1, 1.3, 0.5, v in increasing order.
-0.1, v, 0.5, 1.3
Let z be (-1)/2 - (-15)/22. Let m be (6/11)/((-6748)/3367 + 2). Let t = m - -131. Put t, z, -0.4 in ascending order.
-0.4, t, z
Let j(n) = 7*n - 34. Let h be j(5). Suppose -11*o + 23 - h = 0. Sort o, 6, -10 in decreasing order.
6, o, -10
Let b = -12.8 - -13.1. Put b, -0.098, -1/3, -2/11 in ascending order.
-1/3, -2/11, -0.098, b
Let t = -0.4 + 0.2. Let u = -11 + 6. Let f = 0.725 + -0.825. Sort u, f, t in increasing order.
u, t, f
Suppose -149 = -a - 4*k, 2*a + k + 176 - 474 = 0. Sort 4, a, 3, 0 in increasing order.
0, 3, 4, a
Let g be (880/(-104) + 8)*3/(-6). Put -0.5, 2/3, g in descending order.
2/3, g, -0.5
Suppose -42 = 30*g - 33*g. Suppose g*y + 12 = 2*y. Suppose 0*u = -5*u + 5. Sort u, y, 2.
y, u, 2
Suppose 220*j = 244*j + 120. Sort j, -3, 12 in descending order.
12, -3, j
Let m = -33 + 36. Suppose 10*x = 9*x - m. Put x, 0.4, -0.5 in decreasing order.
0.4, -0.5, x
Suppose 4*c - 42 = 34. Let y(j) = j**3 - 19*j**2 + j - 23. Let h be y(c). Put 5, 0, h, -5 in increasing order.
-5, h, 0, 5
Suppose -x = -0*x. Suppose -19*l - 105 = -33 + 23. Sort -2, -17, l, x.
-17, l, -2, x
Suppose 15*t - 35 = 20*t - 5*p, 0 = -5*t + 3*p - 31. Sort 0.1, 8, -3, t in ascending order.
t, -3, 0.1, 8
Let p = 0.023 + 0.011. Let z = -5.034 + p. Let w = -1 + 3. Sort z, w, 5 in descending order.
5, w, z
Let n = -0.92 + 1. Let c = n + -5.08. Let w be 24/(-84) - 5/7. Put 4, w, c in ascending order.
c, w, 4
Let j(g) = -g**3 + g**2 + 5*g - 64. Let n be j(0). Sort -4, n, 2, 2/5 in increasing order.
n, -4, 2/5 |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to applications involving the Internet, and in particular, to a system and method for providing notification of real-world events over the Internet using digital images.
2. Description of Related Art
Currently, so-called push systems are broadly used in several Internet applications. Companies such as PointCast(trademark) are dedicated to the development and enhancement of Internet push technologies. In addition, Microsoft introduced the notion of channels with its Internet Explorer Version 4, wherein channels allow people to subscribe to Web sites, news lists, and the like, and receive notification when certain events occur. For example, these events may be news or other updates, and the notifications may occur via channels or email.
In the prior art, however, these events are triggered when changes occur to stored digital content. For example, a user can subscribe to a notification service for stock prices. The user identifies a stock and/or price event trigger for such a notification service by filling out an electronic HTML form on the stock service""s Web site. This information is then stored in a database by the stock service""s Web site, and the user is later notified via emails generated by the stock service""s Web site when the price of the identified stock increases or decreases. Of course, both the stock price and the event triggers are stored in digital form in the database by the Web site.
However, there are no known systems that provide computer-based notification services about xe2x80x9creal worldxe2x80x9d events that are not based on changes to digital content. For example, a parent working at their office cannot be notified via the Internet that their baby is crying at home. Nonetheless, the advent of the Internet holds the promise for resolving these and other problems. More specifically, the present invention solves these problems by providing computer-based notifications of real world events using digital images.
To overcome the limitations in the prior art described above, and to overcome other limitations that will become apparent upon reading and understanding the present specification, the present invention discloses a method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for providing computer-based notifications of real world events over a network. The system includes client computers, proxy server computers, and device server computers. The proxy server computer receives notification profiles including both sensor conditions and associated actions from the client computers. The notification profiles are then stored in a user and profile database on the proxy server computer. The proxy server computer receives an indication from a sensor that a real world event has occurred, and then matches the received indication against the sensor conditions in the stored notification profiles. The associated actions are performed in response to a match between the received indication and the sensor conditions, wherein the associated actions include transmitting a notification message to one or more of the client computers and the notification message includes a digital image of the real world event. |
Enrichment of a dioxin-dehalogenating Dehalococcoides species in two-liquid phase cultures.
Enrichment cultures capable of reductively dechlorinating 1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,2,4-TrCDD) were shown to dechlorinate 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (1,2,3-TrCB) to 1,3-dichlorobenzene. To test if this activity can be used to enrich for dioxin-dechlorinating bacteria, a two-liquid phase cultivation with 200 mM 1,2,3-TrCB dissolved in hexadecane was established. During the dechlorination of 1,2,3-TrCB, the number of 1,2,4-TrCDD-dechlorinating bacteria increased by four orders of magnitude, eventually accounting for 11% of the total cell number. Characterization of the bacterial communities of the initial dioxin-dechlorinating culture and of the trichlorobenzene enrichments by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of cloned 16S rRNA genes revealed a proportional increase of nine different sequence types, one representing a Dehalococcoides strain. Inhibition of methanogens further enhanced the rate of chlorobenzene dehalogenation and also resulted in a rapid dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin that was applied via a hexadecane phase. The further enrichment was monitored by terminal RFLP, quantitative real-time PCR and microscopy, and aimed at the reduction of the accompanying non-dehalogenating populations by using different combinations of electron donors and the application of antibiotics. Hydrogen as the sole electron donor proved to be less efficient due to the co-enrichment of acetogens. The novel Dehalococcoides strain DCMB5 was enriched up to 50% by the cultivation with organic acids, hydrogen and vancomycin, and was finally purified by conventional isolation techniques. |
This book is for new Christians and established believers alike. It takes a fresh look at what the Bible really says about prayer – about how we should pray and what we should pray. Some of the answers might surprise you, but this is a book that may transform your prayer life. It will certainly enable you to enhance your prayer starting immediately – by showing you how to more fully and effectively use the direct line that you have been given. |
Attorney General Asked to Investigate State Foie Gras Ban Violations After List of Hudson Valley Foie Gras Purchasers Is Made Public
For immediate release
Contact:Lisa Franzetta, ALDF
SAN FRANCISCO — Today, the national nonprofit Animal Legal Defense Fund (ALDF) sent a letter to California Attorney General Kamala Harris urging her to enforce California’s ban on force-fed foie gras, a day after hackers released a list of sales from New York’s Hudson Valley Foie Gras (HVFG), the nation’s largest foie gras producer. The list reveals that HVFG has been flouting California law by selling to nearly 250 customers in the state after the ban went into effect last year. ALDF’s letter appeals to General Harris to thoroughly investigate and enforce these violations, which will allow the fiscally troubled state of California to potentially recoup hundreds of thousands of dollars via fines levied on HVFG.
Under California Health and Safety Code section 25982, which took effect July 1, 2012, "a product may not be sold in California if it is the result of force feeding a bird for the purpose of enlarging the bird’s liver beyond normal size." Foie gras, a food made by force-feeding geese and ducks until their livers expand up to eight or more times their natural size, is the product of a painful liver disease known as hepatic lipidosis. A civil penalty of an amount up to $1,000 for each violation may be payable to the state, according to California Health & Safety Code section 25983(b).
"Hundreds of thousands of ducks suffer immensely in the cruel process of force-feeding," said Stephen Wells, ALDF executive director. "At a time like this, we cannot afford to be subsidizing rich out-of-state corporations by ignoring the money they owe this state. We hope Attorney General Harris will act on this information, which indicates Hudson Valley Foie Gras has intentionally disregarded California law."
Recent Items
On Saturday, March 28, more than 150 attorneys, law students, and animal advocates came together to attend the first symposium of the Animal Legal Defense Fund’s Los Angeles regional attorney network Read More » |
(* ****** ****** *)
//
// HX-2014-08:
// A running example
// from ATS2 to Python3
//
(* ****** ****** *)
//
#define
LIBATSCC2PY3_targetloc
"$PATSHOME\
/contrib/libatscc2py3/ATS2-0.3.2"
//
(* ****** ****** *)
//
staload
"{$LIBATSCC2PY3}/SATS/integer.sats"
//
(* ****** ****** *)
//
extern
fun
listlen{a:t0p}
: List0 (a) -> int = "mac#listlen"
//
implement
listlen{a}
(xs) = let
//
prval () = lemma_list_param (xs)
//
fun
loop{i,j:nat} .<i>.
(
xs: list (a, i), res: int(j)
) : int(i+j) = let
in
//
case+ xs of
| list_nil () => res | list_cons (_, xs) => loop (xs, res+1)
//
end // end of [loop]
//
in
loop (xs, 0)
end // end of [listlen]
(* ****** ****** *)
//
extern
fun
fromto
: (int, int) -> List0 (int) = "mac#fromto"
//
implement
fromto (m, n) =
if m < n
then list_cons (m, fromto (m+1, n)) else list_nil ()
// end of [if]
//
(* ****** ****** *)
%{^
import sys
######
from libatscc2py3_all import *
######
sys.setrecursionlimit(1000000)
######
%} // end of [%{^]
(* ****** ****** *)
%{$
xs = fromto(0, 10)
print("listlen(", xs, ") =", listlen(xs))
%} // end of [%{$]
(* ****** ****** *)
(* end of [listlen.dats] *)
|
Q:
Send Email Using Python and Postfix on OSX
I'm trying to send an email using the Python program here:
Receive and send emails in python
And I have activated the local Postfix SMTP server on localhost and verified that it is active suing the instructions here:
http://www.phase2technology.com/node/667/
I set the recipients and sender to my own email address. The program runs. However, I'm not receiving any mail.
I've read that I may need to set up a relay. The example I read about was through gmail. Is this what I need to do? If so, how do I do this on OSX?
A:
Most likely you do need to set up a relay. See if you get any output in the mailq command (this would show you if it was unsuccessful in sending out the messages). Take a look at this article for how to set up a smarthost for postfix/osx, and this article for using gmail as a smarthost in postfix.
|
// ***********************************************************************
// Copyright (c) 2009 Charlie Poole
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
// ***********************************************************************
using System;
using System.Collections;
using NUnit.Framework.Constraints;
namespace NUnit.Framework
{
/// <summary>
/// Helper class with properties and methods that supply
/// a number of constraints used in Asserts.
/// </summary>
public class Is
{
#region Not
/// <summary>
/// Returns a ConstraintExpression that negates any
/// following constraint.
/// </summary>
public static ConstraintExpression Not
{
get { return new ConstraintExpression().Not; }
}
#endregion
#region All
/// <summary>
/// Returns a ConstraintExpression, which will apply
/// the following constraint to all members of a collection,
/// succeeding if all of them succeed.
/// </summary>
public static ConstraintExpression All
{
get { return new ConstraintExpression().All; }
}
#endregion
#region Null
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests for null
/// </summary>
public static NullConstraint Null
{
get { return new NullConstraint(); }
}
#endregion
#region True
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests for True
/// </summary>
public static TrueConstraint True
{
get { return new TrueConstraint(); }
}
#endregion
#region False
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests for False
/// </summary>
public static FalseConstraint False
{
get { return new FalseConstraint(); }
}
#endregion
#region Positive
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests for a positive value
/// </summary>
public static GreaterThanConstraint Positive
{
get { return new GreaterThanConstraint(0); }
}
#endregion
#region Negative
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests for a negative value
/// </summary>
public static LessThanConstraint Negative
{
get { return new LessThanConstraint(0); }
}
#endregion
#region Zero
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests for equality with zero
/// </summary>
public static EqualConstraint Zero
{
get { return new EqualConstraint(0); }
}
#endregion
#region NaN
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests for NaN
/// </summary>
public static NaNConstraint NaN
{
get { return new NaNConstraint(); }
}
#endregion
#region Empty
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests for empty
/// </summary>
public static EmptyConstraint Empty
{
get { return new EmptyConstraint(); }
}
#endregion
#region Unique
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether a collection
/// contains all unique items.
/// </summary>
public static UniqueItemsConstraint Unique
{
get { return new UniqueItemsConstraint(); }
}
#endregion
#region BinarySerializable
#if !NETCF && !SILVERLIGHT && !PORTABLE
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether an object graph is serializable in binary format.
/// </summary>
public static BinarySerializableConstraint BinarySerializable
{
get { return new BinarySerializableConstraint(); }
}
#endif
#endregion
#region XmlSerializable
#if !SILVERLIGHT && !PORTABLE
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether an object graph is serializable in xml format.
/// </summary>
public static XmlSerializableConstraint XmlSerializable
{
get { return new XmlSerializableConstraint(); }
}
#endif
#endregion
#region EqualTo
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests two items for equality
/// </summary>
public static EqualConstraint EqualTo(object expected)
{
return new EqualConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region SameAs
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests that two references are the same object
/// </summary>
public static SameAsConstraint SameAs(object expected)
{
return new SameAsConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region GreaterThan
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the
/// actual value is greater than the supplied argument
/// </summary>
public static GreaterThanConstraint GreaterThan(object expected)
{
return new GreaterThanConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region GreaterThanOrEqualTo
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the
/// actual value is greater than or equal to the supplied argument
/// </summary>
public static GreaterThanOrEqualConstraint GreaterThanOrEqualTo(object expected)
{
return new GreaterThanOrEqualConstraint(expected);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the
/// actual value is greater than or equal to the supplied argument
/// </summary>
public static GreaterThanOrEqualConstraint AtLeast(object expected)
{
return new GreaterThanOrEqualConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region LessThan
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the
/// actual value is less than the supplied argument
/// </summary>
public static LessThanConstraint LessThan(object expected)
{
return new LessThanConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region LessThanOrEqualTo
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the
/// actual value is less than or equal to the supplied argument
/// </summary>
public static LessThanOrEqualConstraint LessThanOrEqualTo(object expected)
{
return new LessThanOrEqualConstraint(expected);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the
/// actual value is less than or equal to the supplied argument
/// </summary>
public static LessThanOrEqualConstraint AtMost(object expected)
{
return new LessThanOrEqualConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region TypeOf
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the actual
/// value is of the exact type supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
public static ExactTypeConstraint TypeOf(Type expectedType)
{
return new ExactTypeConstraint(expectedType);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the actual
/// value is of the exact type supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
public static ExactTypeConstraint TypeOf<TExpected>()
{
return new ExactTypeConstraint(typeof(TExpected));
}
#endregion
#region InstanceOf
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the actual value
/// is of the type supplied as an argument or a derived type.
/// </summary>
public static InstanceOfTypeConstraint InstanceOf(Type expectedType)
{
return new InstanceOfTypeConstraint(expectedType);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the actual value
/// is of the type supplied as an argument or a derived type.
/// </summary>
public static InstanceOfTypeConstraint InstanceOf<TExpected>()
{
return new InstanceOfTypeConstraint(typeof(TExpected));
}
#endregion
#region AssignableFrom
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the actual value
/// is assignable from the type supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
public static AssignableFromConstraint AssignableFrom(Type expectedType)
{
return new AssignableFromConstraint(expectedType);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the actual value
/// is assignable from the type supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
public static AssignableFromConstraint AssignableFrom<TExpected>()
{
return new AssignableFromConstraint(typeof(TExpected));
}
#endregion
#region AssignableTo
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the actual value
/// is assignable to the type supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
public static AssignableToConstraint AssignableTo(Type expectedType)
{
return new AssignableToConstraint(expectedType);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the actual value
/// is assignable to the type supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
public static AssignableToConstraint AssignableTo<TExpected>()
{
return new AssignableToConstraint(typeof(TExpected));
}
#endregion
#region EquivalentTo
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the actual value
/// is a collection containing the same elements as the
/// collection supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
public static CollectionEquivalentConstraint EquivalentTo(IEnumerable expected)
{
return new CollectionEquivalentConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region SubsetOf
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the actual value
/// is a subset of the collection supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
public static CollectionSubsetConstraint SubsetOf(IEnumerable expected)
{
return new CollectionSubsetConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region SupersetOf
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the actual value
/// is a superset of the collection supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
public static CollectionSupersetConstraint SupersetOf(IEnumerable expected)
{
return new CollectionSupersetConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region Ordered
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether a collection is ordered
/// </summary>
public static CollectionOrderedConstraint Ordered
{
get { return new CollectionOrderedConstraint(); }
}
#endregion
#region StringContaining
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that succeeds if the actual
/// value contains the substring supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
[Obsolete("Deprecated, use Does.Contain")]
public static SubstringConstraint StringContaining(string expected)
{
return new SubstringConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region StringStarting
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that succeeds if the actual
/// value starts with the substring supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
[Obsolete("Deprecated, use Does.StartWith")]
public static StartsWithConstraint StringStarting(string expected)
{
return new StartsWithConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region StringEnding
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that succeeds if the actual
/// value ends with the substring supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
[Obsolete("Deprecated, use Does.EndWith")]
public static EndsWithConstraint StringEnding(string expected)
{
return new EndsWithConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region StringMatching
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that succeeds if the actual
/// value matches the regular expression supplied as an argument.
/// </summary>
[Obsolete("Deprecated, use Does.Match")]
public static RegexConstraint StringMatching(string pattern)
{
return new RegexConstraint(pattern);
}
#endregion
#if !PORTABLE
#region SamePath
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the path provided
/// is the same as an expected path after canonicalization.
/// </summary>
public static SamePathConstraint SamePath(string expected)
{
return new SamePathConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region SubPath
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the path provided
/// is a subpath of the expected path after canonicalization.
/// </summary>
public static SubPathConstraint SubPathOf(string expected)
{
return new SubPathConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#region SamePathOrUnder
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the path provided
/// is the same path or under an expected path after canonicalization.
/// </summary>
public static SamePathOrUnderConstraint SamePathOrUnder(string expected)
{
return new SamePathOrUnderConstraint(expected);
}
#endregion
#endif
#region InRange
/// <summary>
/// Returns a constraint that tests whether the actual value falls
/// inclusively within a specified range.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>from must be less than or equal to true</remarks>
/// <param name="from">Inclusive beginning of the range. Must be less than or equal to to.</param>
/// <param name="to">Inclusive end of the range. Must be greater than or equal to from.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static RangeConstraint InRange(IComparable from, IComparable to)
{
return new RangeConstraint(from, to);
}
#endregion
}
}
|
Q:
Smallest square that can be fitted outside the regular hexagon
They have the derivation here
http://www.drking.org.uk/hexagons/misc/deriv4.html
The figure is
In this derivation the second line is $ a^2 = b^2 + b^2 $ .How have they assumed $ AB = AC $ ? . Is this assumption based on some vision ? . Why I am asking this is , because the problem is to find smallest square fitted outside the hexagon . If I am given this question in exam how will this point $AB= AC $ strike my brain for this case ? I will try to go with general case $AB \neq AC $ and solve . But this will make the calculation a bit tough as the number of unknowns is 1 more . So is there a vision or wisdom behind this guess . Am I missing something ?
Second question is on what basis did they start with this figure , because both are regular polygons the first image which struck my mind was something like
Am I missing something .
Thanks
A:
In the attached image, note that: $$\angle EBI = 180^\circ - \angle ABG - 60^\circ$$
Moreover, to minimize the square you want point $E$ to be on the square, so that $$2a\sin (\angle EBI)= x$$
Where $x$ is the square side length. The same logic works for point $D$, so that:
$$2a\sin (\angle DAK)= x$$
Leading to:
$$\angle EBI = \angle DAK \ \to \ \angle ABG = \angle GAB \ \ \blacksquare$$
Note that in the proof I did not assume a particular orientation of the hexagon, so that this also covers your second question - i.e. why can't the hexagon be parallel to the square.
|
Wednesday, August 03, 2016
ISIS BROADCASTS TO THE WORLD WHY IT KILLS: Protip - It's Islam
ISIS is taking umbrage at critics who challenge its claim to represent true Islam. In the latest issue of its magazine Dabiq, published on July 31, the author of an editorial entitled “Why We Hate You and Why We Fight You” repudiated “the Islam-is-a-peaceful-religion crowd.” That crowd would include President Obama, Hillary Clinton, Pope Francis and other world leaders, politicians and opinion makers who have pushed the narrative that ISIS is a deviant cult made up of violent extremists whose acts of terrorism have nothing to do with Islam. To the contrary, claimed the author of the Dabiq piece, “jihad and the laws of the Shari’ah – as well as everything else deemed taboo by the Islam-is-a-peaceful-religion crowd – are in fact completely Islamic.”
In another article by an unnamed American convert living in ISIS territory, from which the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) quoted, the author addressed other converts living in the United States as to the true meaning of Islam:
"Now that you have found the truth of your Lord and abandoned the misguided paths of Satan, beware of the widespread disease of riddah (apostasy). Would you so quickly be ungrateful of Allah's guidance by retreating to deviance, even if under the mere guise of Islam?... Remember that Allah did not order you to adhere to any group except that of the single Muslim nation, and... forbade you to divide by making and joining other groups... [and] That one nation is the group following the Quran and the Sunnah, with allegiance to one leader, the Caliph of the Muslims...
"Do you not see the many so-called 'imams' and 'scholars' calling to alliances against Islam with the disbelievers, to maintaining the Muslim nation's separation by imaginary borders, and to rejecting the reestablishment of the Caliphate, which many of the earlier scholars called 'the most important of obligations?!' Are these imams not 'of our skin and our language,' yet call to what would inevitably lead to our doom? Indeed, they are callers to the gates of Hell, so beware and do not be fooled by them. So reject these calls to disunity and come together. Live the life of Islam, for which you have already left the path of falsehood, and do not die the death of Jahiliyyah [the pre-Islamic period], a time in which there was no united Muslim nation having pledged allegiance to a single imam and thus having no obedience to a rightful authority."
The ISIS author called upon the converts he was addressing to either “make hijra to Islamic State territory” or at least pledge allegiance to “the Caliph” Al-Baghdadi and “attack the disbelievers back home.” He urged those planning an attack in the West against the “Crusader nations and their citizens in their homelands” to “cause the most damage and panic, bringing death and injury to the enemy of Allah, the disbelievers.”
The author proceeded to quote from the Koran to support his case: "And make no mistake, for 'verily the disbelievers are a clear enemy to you' [Koran 4:101]
ISIS is not only tech savvy. It is marketing savvy, working hard to preserve its brand of true Islam from those infidels and “apostate ‘Imams’ in the West” who dare to challenge it.
Barack Obama, who claims that Donald Trump is unfit to be president and commander-in-chief, should not be the one casting any stones. Obama’s complete misreading of ISIS’s growing strength, which he allowed to happen in the first place as a consequence of his precipitous withdrawal of all U.S. combat troops from Iraq, proved that it was Obama who was unfit for the highest office in the land. He compounded his failure to nip the ISIS threat in the bud by completely discounting the source of its determination to fight to the death of every last jihadist – ISIS’s ideological roots in traditional Islam.
Once Prophet Muhammad emerged victorious over his enemies, he made Islam into a religion based on supremacism, war and conquest over non-believers wherever they can be found. ISIS’s literal reading of sharia law, which is based on the Koran and the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad, is closer to traditional Islam than the fanciful version of “Islam-is-a-peaceful-religion,” propagated by Obama, Pope Francis and the Islamists’ other apologists.
Ironically, it was President Obama, who at the outset of his first term in effect legitimized the brand of traditional Islam on which ISIS’s ideology is based, whether he meant to or not. Saudi Arabia is home to Islam’s two holiest sites in Mecca and Medina. It is also home to Wahhabism, the supremacist Islamic ideology based on a literalist reading of sharia law that ISIS shares. During a visit to Saudi Arabia, on the eve of his speech to the Muslim world in Cairo, Egypt in June 2009, Obama told reporters "I thought it was very important to come to the place where Islam began.” Islam began the same way ISIS is carrying out its literalist dogma today – a religion built on jihadist conquests to subdue disbelievers and make Allah’s rule supreme in the world.
When President Obama delivered his June 2009 speech to the Muslim world, hosted by Al-Azhar University and the University of Cairo, he went out of his way to praise Al-Azhar University. He called Al-Azhar University a “beacon of Islamic learning,” a place “that carried the light of learning through so many centuries, paving the way for Europe's Renaissance and Enlightenment.”
This “beacon of Islamic learning” decided it was inappropriate to condemn ISIS as un-Islamic. “Al Azhar will not judge ISIS or its Islam as un-Islamic, for it is not its right, neither concerning ISIS nor anyone else,” said an Al-Azhar spokesman, Abbas Showman.
Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah Nasr, a graduate of al-Azhar University who is a scholar in Islamic law, explained that Al-Azhar cannot condemn ISIS as un-Islamic because it is “a byproduct of Al Azhar's programs.” The Al-Azhar University graduate added, “Al Azhar says there must be a caliphate and that it is an obligation for the Muslim world [to establish it]. Al Azhar teaches the law of apostasy and killing the apostate. Al Azhar is hostile towards religious minorities, and teaches things like not building churches, etc. Al Azhar upholds the institution of jizya [extracting tribute from religious minorities]. Al Azhar teaches stoning people. So can Al Azhar denounce itself as un-Islamic?”
This is not just the complaint of a disgruntled university graduate. Indeed, Obama’s “beacon of Islamic learning” teaches Islamic law in a way that ISIS would have little problem with. For example, Ahmad Al-Tayyeb, the Sheikh of Al-Azhar, said this past June (as quoted by MEMRI) that “the concepts of human rights are full of ticking time bombs” and that “apostasy is a crime” punishable by death if the apostate does not repent.
Al-Azhar University has a female professor of doctrine, Suad Saleh, who has justified the enslavement and rape of non-Muslim women captured in war. “Islam says that a woman is either a wife or a slave girl. Legitimately owned slaves come from among prisoners from a war,” she explained. After all, the “light of learning” this professor is carrying to justify such mistreatment of infidel female captives shines on the Koran itself (4:3). Cautioning not to go beyond what the Koran permits, she represents that “beacon of Islamic learning, Al-Azhar, in “paving the way” (to quote Obama) for ISIS’s actions against women. |
73 Cal.App.2d 472 (1946)
E. REBECCA WAGNER BUEHLER, Respondent,
v.
HAROLD M. BUEHLER, Appellant.
Civ. No. 15027.
California Court of Appeals. Second Dist., Div. Two.
Mar. 8, 1946.
Frederick L. Botsford and Samuel M. Garroway for Appellant.
Loucks, Phister, Baker & Stephenson for Respondent.
McCOMB, J.
From an interlocutory judgment of divorce in favor of plaintiff granted on the grounds of extreme cruelty, defendant appeals.
It is conceded by defendant (appellant) that the evidence supporting the charges of cruelty was sufficient to warrant the granting of a divorce to plaintiff. Defendant urges however that there is no evidence to sustain the trial court's findings: *474
1
"That the property described in Paragraph IV of the First Amended Complaint is the community property of the parties hereto."
The foregoing finding is supported in accordance with the following rules of law and the evidence hereinafter set forth.
[1] (1) Where separate property is intermixed and commingled with community property to such an extent that the separate property cannot be properly segregated from the community property, the commingled property is regarded as community property. (Truelsen v. Nelson, 42 Cal.App.2d 750, 754 [109 P.2d 996]; Estate of Woods, 23 Cal.App.2d 187, 191 [72 P.2d 258]; Cline v. Cline, 4 Cal.App.2d 626, 629 [41 P.2d 588].)
[2] (2) When separate and community property have been commingled the burden is on the party claiming part of the property as separate property to establish clearly its character as such. (Truelsen v. Nelson, supra, at p. 754; Dimmick v. Dimmick, 95 Cal. 323, 328 [30 P. 547]; In re Freitas, 16 F.Supp. (So. Dist. Cal.), 557, 562.)
In the present case the testimony discloses that the property described in paragraph IV of the first amended complaint consisting of household furniture and furnishings and a house and lot located at 610 West 38th Street, San Pedro, California, had been purchased with funds which defendant had borrowed from the Presbyterian Ministers' Fund on the credit of an insurance policy held by him with such fund and from general funds which he had earned subsequent to his marriage to plaintiff on January 31, 1925. The money which he had borrowed from the ministers' fund had been repaid by defendant's cashing in two paid up policies of life insurance which he held with the Northwestern Mutual Mortgage Company.
The record fails to disclose whether the insurance policies which defendant cashed in order to pay his loans from the ministers' fund were life insurance policies held by him prior to his marriage or policies acquired subsequent to it. Under rules (1) and (2) supra, defendant has thus failed to sustain the burden of proving that the money which he borrowed and commingled with his general funds (which it is conceded were community property), was his separate property. Therefore under the rules stated the trial court was justified in drawing the inference that the property described in paragraph *475 IV of the amended complaint was purchased with community funds and was therefore community property.
[3] The fact that the title to the real property was taken in joint tenancy by plaintiff and defendant is not determinative of the question here presented in view of the fact that the rule that the use of community funds to purchase property and the taking of title thereto in the name of the spouses as joint tenants is tantamount to a binding agreement between them that the same shall not thereafter be held as community property (Siberell v. Siberell, 214 Cal. 767, 773 [7 P.2d 1003]), is subject to the qualification that if the evidence shows that the parties intended the property to be community property it will be treated as such in spite of the fact the title was taken as joint tenants. (Tomaier v. Tomaier, 23 Cal.2d 754, 755 et seq. [146 P.2d 905].)
In the present case plaintiff testified that defendant had referred to the property in question as "community property" or "our property" and that on one occasion defendant had asked plaintiff to sign a deed changing the property from a community interest between them to an interest whereby plaintiff, defendant and their son would each have a one-third interest in the property. From this evidence the trial court was justified in inferring that the property was community property even though they had taken the title in joint tenancy.
2
"That plaintiff is without funds or property to maintain or support herself and said minor child either permanently or during the pendency of this action."
[4] The foregoing finding is supported by the uncontradicted evidence. The testimony discloses that defendant and plaintiff had two minor children, the younger one being entirely unable to support herself; that plaintiff was a registered nurse and physically able to work; that she owned 107 shares of Crown Knitting Mills stock from which she had not received any dividends in the past five or six years; that she also owned Standard Oil Company stock of the value of $800, bank stock of the value of $400, and had an interest in her father's estate valued at $7,000; further that she had received $1,543 from insurance upon the life of her father and $300 because of her father's death. Fifteen hundred dollars of the insurance on her father's life she loaned to defendant.
[5] The law is settled in California that when a wife is the owner of nonincome producing property she is not required *476 to have recourse to such property for her support before seeking support from her husband. (Farrar v. Farrar, 45 Cal.App. 584, 586 [188 P. 289]; Busch v. Busch, 99 Cal.App. 198, 200 [278 P. 456].)
[6] It is likewise established that where, as in the instant case, a divorce decree is granted on the ground of extreme cruelty the trial court may award any or all of the community property to the innocent party. (Civ. Code, 146, subd. 1.)
In view of the fact that the trial court found, supported by substantial evidence, that plaintiff was entitled to a divorce from defendant on the grounds of cruelty, that the property of the parties was community property and that plaintiff and her minor child were without means of support, the award of the community property to plaintiff was proper.
For the foregoing reasons the judgment is affirmed.
Moore, P. J., and Wilson, J., concurred.
|
# Node.js Foundation Build WG Meeting 2016-10-11
GitHub issue: https://github.com/nodejs/build/issues/512
Meeting video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbYrQ43cpf4 (partial as internet
dropped for participant who started recording and we could not restart)
Previous meeting: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mz-gvvFlaZaz1Fdl_fM5oLGtOHMRugul4XjkR537UnM/edit
Next meeting: November 1, 2016
## Present
* Johan Bergström (@jbergstroem)
* Michael Dawson (@mhdawson)
* João Reis (@joaocgreis)
* Rich Trott (@Trott)
* Michele Capra (listening in)
* Gibson Fahnestock (@gibfahn)
* Myles Borins (@TheAlphaNerd)
## Standup
* João Reis
* Created a job to test ChakraCore (PR under review in
node-chakracore to mark failing tests as skip).
* Dropped support for VS2013 in v6 onwards.
* Michael Dawson
* Fixed up issue on AIX machine related to building.
from private repo.
* Finished off migration to new PPC production machines
* Starting back on the job for coverage.
* Johan Bergström
* Fixing issues with freeBSD hosts. May be related to issues
related to V8 5.4 upgrade. In addition ansible config in repo was missing
some updates so on re-deploy there were some issues.
* Added freeBSD 11.
* Reshuffling of hosts, more diversity over Rackspace, Digital
ocean and Joyent.
* Re-keyed all of the machines and wrote ansible script to automate
re-key. It will be included as part of the larger ansible refactor.
* Continued work on ansible refactor.
* Rich Trott
* Working on occasional test failure.
* Gibson Fahnestock
* Looking at some AIX issues. Python not finding right ssl
certificates which was seem for 4.x builds that need to download
ICU.
* Myles Borins
* Not too much in the last few weeks.
* CITGM changes to (re-)add windows support.
## Agenda
* Draft text for HSTS communication #484
* call for everybody to review/comment
* some discussion that we should check tools (ex nvm), Myles and Rich
to add the tools that we should check out to the issue.
* TAP Plugin issues on Jenkins #453
* Myles provided an update on the issue. Need to make new
reporter that will do appropriate conversion.
* Johan is going to look at the reporter.
* Myles is looking at the consumer.
* rsync endpoint to mirror the releases #55
* just depends on communication, please review comment or wil
move forward.
* Access to AIX machines to provide coverage #470
* now that Gibson is a collaborator, Michael proposed we just give
him access to the test keys. Please review issue and LGTM or
raise objections.
* Discussion was that he should just be added to the build WG. We.ll open an
issue for that and then vote next meeting.
* Looking for issue good for first contribution #495
* Key issue is what kinds of things can be done without elevated access.
* Johan has a few ideas:
* improve ansible doc/tooling to make it more effective.
* link between the build/node repo, ex Alpine. Become the champion
of a specific platform.
* links to other working groups like github bot. If we can move more
out of jenkins into bots.
* Sounds like Michele is going to work on windows ansible scripts:
* helping to add windows to refactor Johan is working on.
* optimizing how we do certain things on windows.
* Discussion about our jenkins use and looking at how to optimize as being
another good stand alone task.
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Extraordinary popular delusions and the madness of crowds: puncturing the epoetin bubble--lessons for the future.
Recent trials, and meta-analyses, have cast further doubt on the clinically desirable and safe range for increasing haemoglobin in chronic kidney disease using erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. In this article, I review the current dilemmas we face, suggest key clinical and biological research priorities, and conclude that we need to be brave enough to admit our present shortcomings, and then perhaps adopt a more patient-focused, individualized approach to anaemia management. |
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|
"Previously on Desperate Housewives..." "Bree's husband felt rejected." "I think it's strange to see my wife billed as "Mrs. Van De Kamp."" " It's how I'm known." "Is there a Mr. Van De Kamp?" " No, uh, Mr. Van De Kamp is deceased." "Would it have killed you to have mentioned me?" "It's because I went to jail, isn't it?" "Lynette's husband was excited." "We're gonna start a garage band!" "I thought you were the one who said you wanted to spend more time with your family." " Guys need to blow off steam." "Edie's new husband had a past..." "You've been here six weeks, and you don't seem any closer to coming to terms with your rage." " I've come to terms with it, and I like it just the way it is." "... which remained a mystery." "I just think it's odd that you're married to some guy." "You don't know anything about him." " Well, she kept asking me all this stuff about your background." "And Susan tried to move on." "Well, I sort of started seeing someone." " Good for you." "Every year, Ms. Elenora Butters would ask her kindergarten class to draw a picture of their families which she would then display on "Meet the Teacher" night." "That's how Ty Richmond's parents saw his depiction of their fighting," "and Amy Hines' parents saw her portrayal of their drinking," "and Jason Monte's parents saw his illustration of their hygiene." "You see, Ms. Butters felt it was important" "For parents to see themselves through their children's eyes." "She knew the experience..." "Ed, he's got me vacuuming in my bra." "Do I do that?" "could be very educational." "I know, I know." "Did I not say 7:00?" "You missed their little show." "M.J. was tooth decay." " Well, crosstown traffic killed me." "And I told you to videotape it." "Well, did you tell me to take off the lens cap?" "Next time, be more specific." " Mr. Delfino, glad you made it." "Uh, did you get to see M.J.'s artwork?" "No, not yet." "Can't wait." "Oh." "Oh, hey, look at that." "There we are, standing in front of the house." "Look what he did with my hair." "I kind of like the bangs." "Yeah, look, he put a wrench in my pocket." "And see how big my muscles are?" "Which is a good thing, 'cause there's a shark attacking the house." "Hey, daddy." "Hey, buddy." "Your mommy and I were just looking at your wonderful painting." "You like it?" "I love it, especially how big and strong you made me look." "That's not you." "That's Jackson." "See the paintbrush in his pocket?" "Oh, who's Jackson?" "He paints our house... until my mom makes him drink wine and have a sleepover." "Because..." "Mike and I are divorced, so that's why..." "It was supposed to be a picture of the family," "So you should've put your daddy in it." "Did." "Oh, the--the bug with the little hat?" "That's you, 'cause you're always so far away." "Oh, yeah, that's, um..." "Now I see me." "Yes, every year," "Ms. Elenora Butters would ask her class to draw a picture of their families, even though she knew the portraits... might not be that flattering." "If you look closely into the faces of your friends, you'll see it." "Congratulations!" "Hi!" "Come on in!" "Right behind their smiles," "You will see a certain green-eyed monster, and then you'll understand how envious they are of your well-kept home... your delicious recipes... and your tasteful possessions." "Here's my cookbook." "But you'll have to work hard to see the jealousy, because good friends always work hard to hide it." "Look at you, right on the cover!" "These are advanced copies." "I wanted you to be the first to have them." "Oh, and look, you signed it!" ""To Lynette," ""the sweetest, most wonderful friend I've ever known."" ""To Susan, the sweetest, most--"" "We don't have to read them out loud." "Don't mind me, ladies." "I'm just grabbing a kiss on my way to the salt mines." "Mmm." "Oh." "Mmm." "You have a good day." "Thanks, babe." "Oh, did you show them the ad?" "Yeah." "Oh, I almost forgot." "Uh, bye." "Isn't this nice?" "They're running it next month in "Woman's Day."" "You're gonna be in magazines, too?" "They've come up with this whole marketing plan-- radio, print, book signings." "Wow!" "Isn't it fantastic?" " No, it's horrible!" "She's gonna become this famous author and have no time at all for us." "No, come on, Gaby." "You know that Bree" "Will never change." " Thank you, Katherine." "I will never become stuck-up and full of myself." "I didn't say that." "I said you'd never change." "Very funny." "I hardly think you have to worry about me becoming famous." "You have a marketing plan." "You wanna see my marketing plan?" ""Milk, bread, vodka, condoms--"" "Could I see that?" "I'd love to read it." " Why?" "Well, back before I consecrated my life to mozzarella, marketing was sort of what I did." "Oh, right!" "Of course." "I would, uh, love to hear your thoughts." "So you're still gonna wanna hang out with us, even when you're totally fabulous," "And we're still nobodies?" "Girls, you are making way too much of this." "I am not a bit more fabulous than any one of you." "Excuse me." "What is it, Andrew?" " I hope you're free for lunch on the 12th, 'cause the chamber of commerce just named you businesswoman of the year." "Oh, my god!" "That is so amazing!" "The, uh, dry cleaner just, um... found my sweater." "Girls, catch up with you later!" "Orson, I have amazing news." "The chamber of commerce just called." " Oh?" "What about?" "I wanna buy you lunch and tell you in person." "I will be at your office in two minutes." "Uh, no!" "No, don't come to my office." "You know, I can't have lunch now." "Um, I'm in a meeting." "Well, I'll wait in reception until it's over." "No, it'll take hours." "It's very urgent, high-level stuff." "What kind of meeting is it?" "George, hey!" "Turn that radio down!" "Where are you?" " I told you, I'm in a meeting." "I gotta go." "I'll see you soon." "Yes, you will." "Mike!" "What's going on?" "Daddy got me a bike." "Yes, I see." "And here," "Mommy thought we'd agreed to wait till your birthday." "Crazy mommy." "Can you teach me to ride it?" "No, not today." "I gotta go install a water heater." "But, uh, you keep practicing," "And the next afternoon I have free, we'll bust off those training wheels and go kick up some dirt." "Okay?" " Okay." "All right." "Oh, my god." "This is about M.J.'s drawing, isn't it?" "Why?" "He does not love Jackson more than you." "He knows who his father is." " I know that." "Can't a guy get his kid a bike without being psychoanalyzed?" "So you're totally fine with that drawing?" "Well, I won't go sticking it on my fridge anytime soon, but yeah." "Look, I'm glad you're dating a nice guy." "I'm glad he likes my kid, and my kid likes him." "Here's a bike." "That's all it is." "Hey, guys." "Jackson, look at my new bike!" "Pretty cool." "Uh, that's a custom titanium frame." "Make sure M.J. knows that." "So, Wendy, I gotta know about the weather." "Mommy, can Bethany go home now?" "Honey, she's only been here 20 minutes." "We invited her over to play, so go play." "But all she does is spin." ""... somewhat across the reach of the state," ""knocking temperatures down I would say a few degrees..."" "Honey, we want Bethany to be our friend," "So if she wants to spin, just suck it up and spin." "Why are you shoving that little weirdo down Juanita's throat?" "That little weirdo is the key to you and I having more sex." "I know I should ask a few questions, but I'm in." "Bethany's mom hosts a weekly playdate." "I'm trying to get Juanita an invitation." "How does that lead to quality time with your boobs?" "Carlos, the only time you and I have to ourselves is late at night, but by that time, we're too exhausted." "And now that we have Celia in afternoon preschool, all we have to do is unload Juanita, and then we can get back to doing the nasty." "This doesn't seem right." "I mean, dumping our kid off on some unsuspecting woman so that we can have sex?" "Wake up!" "Playdates were invented by mothers for this exact purpose." "Shopping, sex, drinking in the afternoon-- playdates make all these things possible." "I-I don't know." "I feel bad making my kid playing with someone" "That she obviously doesn't like." "Bethany's mom will take Juanita once a week for two whole hours." "That is sex and a nap." "Juanita!" "I don't hear you spinning!" "I don't understand." "You said the job was going so well." "It was." "Then three weeks ago, my parole officer left me a message at work." "That's when they found out I lied on my application when I said I didn't have a criminal record." "So you've been pretending to go to work for three weeks?" "I know you're angry." "Honey..." "I'm not angry." "I'm hurt that you didn't feel like you could tell me." "I was embarrassed." "Bree, when we married, I was the breadwinner." "Now you--you have your company and you have your book." "I-I'm a felon who can't hold on to a job." "Orson, we're partners." "We share everything." "Any success I have is just as much yours as it is mine." "Thank you, darling." "So..." "Why did the Chamber of Commerce call?" "Apparently, we've been named businesswoman of the year." "Is that good enough?" "!" "Wow!" "You'd be killer in our band." "I mean, wouldn't he be killer, Dave?" "Uh, Donald, why don't you let us talk it over and we'll get back to you?" " No problem." "I have to get back to the office anyway." "Quarterly tax time has got me swamped." "Well, we'll--we'll definitely call you today." "Thanks, gentlemen." "Don't you think he crushed it?" "He was good... you know, technically." "He didn't really have heart." " What do you mean?" "When he played "Voodoo Child," it was like Hendrix has risen." "Hey, what about Mike?" "I thought that's who we were gonna get." "Well, I asked, but he said he's too busy." "Too busy to live a little?" "Not gonna fly." "Call him." "Give him my number." "I'll talk to him." " Okay, sure." "But--but what about Donald?" "I mean, 'cause if we don't get Mike, I wanna make s" "Tom, Donald's out, all right?" "Have Mike call me." "What a rehearsal." "Dave and I were smokin'." "Did you hear us?" "Lynette?" "Lynette." "I'm sorry." "What?" "Never mind." "What are you working on?" "What, is this Bree's ad stuff?" "Oh, god, no." "Her agency really whiffed..." " Hmm?" "So I'm coming up with a whole new campaign." "I was looking through my old portfolio for inspiration." " Mm-hmm." "Oh!" "I remember this one." ""Feet, meet your new best friends." It was a classic." "You know, it been years since I looked through this stuff." "I'd forgotten I was... kinda great." "You were awesome!" "I mean, come on." "How lucky is Bree to have a neighbor that used to be a big advertising hotshot?" "Well, maybe I'm the lucky one." "This could be a perfect way for me to stick my toe back in the business." "Nothing big, maybe just pick up some freelance work." "But, honey, if you do that, where you gonna find the time" "For the family and the restaurant?" " Well, gee, I don't know." "I guess the same place that you find time for your garage band." "Lynette, I'm just saying that if--if you..." "Okay, I dropped off Celia at preschool, and Juanita's at her playdate." "Drop, drop." "Why don't you put on that sexy red Teddy?" "Can I ask why?" "I mean, you can't see it." "Yeah, but I can feel it, and I love the sensation of sliding silk off your body." "What's it like, Carlos?" "What?" "Sex as a blind man." "I mean, you used to be so visual." "Is it still as good?" "Oh, it's better." "I mean, having to rely on your senses of touch and taste and smell..." "It's actually way more intense." "Really?" "You're so lucky." "What, you want blind sex?" "I think I can arrange that." "Hey there." "Looks like somebody's job interview went well." "Nope." "They turned me down flat." "Aw." " But as I was driving home, it suddenly hit me." "I may be persona non grata at every company in this town, but there's at least one employer I know who would love to hire me." "Oh." "Who?" "You." "You wanna work here?" "Why not?" "I'm great with food." "I understand business." "I can't beat the commute." "Well, that's certainly an intriguing notion." "But wouldn't it be awkward having me as your boss?" "Absolutely." "But as you said in the park, we share everything." "So I would be more of a... partner." "Partners?" "Oh." "Well" " Bree, would you give me a hand with this arrangement?" "Just give me a sec." "I think the lilies need their own vase." "If you hire him," "I will cut you with these scissors!" "I don't think we need to do that." "I think they're crowding the irises out." "Just like he's trying to crowd me out." "You already have a partner, remember?" "Oh, well, I think the irises and the lilies could work together." " Nope." "One of them has to go." "If I may offer an opinion" " Not a good time, Orson." "Tell him now, or I will walk." "Orson, you really don't wanna work with me." "I mean, you only see me at home." "But at work, when the pressure's on, I can be a bit of a handful." "Kathine's seen how I get." " Oh, yes." "Bitchy, Tyrannical, shrill" "He gets it, dear." "Honey, you're my partner in life." "But if we want to keep it that way, we shouldn't mix marriage and business." "But no one else will hire me." "Well, you've only been looking for a few weeks." "I mean, give it another, say, month or two, and you still haven't found anything," "Then we'll revisit the idea." "Okay?" "Okay." "It was just a thought." "Oh, so what do you think?" "Oh, my god, you were right." "Blind sex is incredible." "Ahh, give me ten more minutes and an energy bar, and we can go one more time." "No, I think we're done." "Honey!" "What are you doing home?" "I thought you were at Bethany's." "I got a tummyache." "Her mom brought me back." "Well, how long have you been standing there?" "I don't know." "What were you two doing?" "Um, we were, uh..." "We were wrestling." "Wrestling." "Did Daddy hurt you?" "You were making loud noises." "No!" "No, that wasn't real." "Sometimes I fake it when I wrestle with daddy." "Please don't wrestle with mommy." "You're too big." "You could hurt her." "Yeah, Carlos, stop that." "Okay, go to your room, and I'm gonna bring you something for your tummy." "I think she bought it." "You mean the story of how daddy beats up mommy?" "Relax." "I told her I was fine." " Look, I could hear the worry in her voice." "Why don't we just tell her the truth?" "What, that sometimes Mommy rides Daddy like a mechanical bull to get jewelry?" "She's 5." "She's too young to understand either half of that." " It's the facts of life." "She's gonna learn 'em eventually, and it's the most natural thing in the world." "Carlos, if she was standing there any longer than five minutes, there was nothing natural about what she saw." "By the way, thank you for that." "Hello?" "Hey, it's me." "Listen," "I've got some free time, so I thought I'd come over and teach M.J. how to ride his new bike." " Great." "He's so excited to learn." "Are you sure he's ready to go without training wheels?" "Oh, he'll probably have to take a few spills, but luckily, he'll have his old man there to pick him up." "Yeah." "He's been asking when you're coming." "I can't wait to tell him." "I know he'll be just..." "All right!" "What's the matter?" "Spider." "Big one." "Gotta go!" "Mommy, look, no training wheels." "I know!" "You did great!" "Jackson, can I see you a sec?" "That was amazing!" "He learned so fast." "Yeah." "You know what I learned?" "Mike is on his way over here to teach his son how to ride the bike he bought-- something he was looking forward to until you ruined it." "W-why didn't you tell me that?" " I didn't know" "I had to tell you not to steal a father's precious moment." "M.J.--he just kept asking me." "He--he made me do it." " You could've walked away." "No, I couldn't!" "He said, "pwease!"" "Damn it." "As you can see, the graphic works just as well on a free-standing display unit." "Neat, huh?" "Goodness, Lynette." "When you offered to share your thoughts on my campaign," "I wasn't expecting anything quite so... elaborate." "Well, who knew your marketing guys were such lame-os?" "What they came up with is so... tepid." "Um, I think "understated" was what they were going for." "Well, they overshot and wound up in "bland,"" "right on the border of "sucky."" "You need to grab your audience, just grab 'em." "I've gone for jazzier colors, bolder fonts." "Oh, I have really played up the whole nostalgia angle." ""Let Mrs. Van De Kamp" "Turn your oven into a time machine."" "I see women really responding to that." "Do you?" "Because I see children crawling into ovens, hoping to see dinosaurs." "Okay." "Well..." "I've got a whole bunch of alternatives." "Oh, Lynette, I appreciate everything you've done." "But I've actually approved the old campaign, and I can't just tell them I've changed my mind." "You don't have to." "I'll be the bad guy." "Just tell 'em you've hired me, and I'll go in there, six guns ablazing." "So... do we have a deal?" "Just give me the word." "No." "No?" "Sorry, but I prefer their campaign." "But mine is better." "Well, you're... entitled to think so, but I don't." "Look, Bree..." "I think I know a little more about marketing than you do." "When I was in it, I owned this town." "I had every big account." "Hell, I was even named businesswoman of the year." "Oh." "Well, I'm familiar with that award." "In fact, I'm this year's recipient." "Really?" " Yes." "There's a luncheon on the 12th." "I do hope you can make it." "Oh." "By the way, you're right about those colors." "Very... jazzy." "Come on, M.J.." "Your daddy's waiting." "Mommy, I don't wanna fall." "Oh, honey." "You know how you like to push the button when we go on the elevator, and if somebody else pushes it first, it makes you sad?" " But I don't wanna fall." "Just listen." "Daddy really wanted to be the one" "To teach you to ride your bike, and if you can already do it, it's gonna make him sad." "So just let Daddy push the button." "Understand?" "Oh, man." "Wow, he's really picking it up fast." "Yeah." "I think it's just beginner's luck." " Uh-huh." "Are you sure he hasn't been practicing?" "No." "He was absolutely waiting for you." "You know, I think I'm gonna go check his helmet." "What are you doing?" " We talked about this." "You're supposed to be new at it." " I don't want to fall." "I'm scared." "Oh!" "Of what?" "You're 3 inches off the ground." "You're completely padded." "So just do what I say" "Wobble, wobble. "Daddy, look at me!" Crash." "Boy..." "He was just telling me how glad he is to have his Dad here." " Really?" "'Cause I almost feel like he doesn't even need me." " Oh, that's just silly." "Whoops-a-daisy!" "Oh, it's a good thing your Dad's here to teach you how to do it right." " Oh, looking good, buddy, but remember, when you stop, you gotta put your foot down first." "Okay?" "Ow!" "Oh, what, does that hurt right there, buddy?" " Oh, he's fine." "No, Mommy." "It hurts." "This is all my fault." " Oh, will you stop?" "The doctor said it was just a sprain." "I know, but still, I shouldn't have pushed it." "You know, why look for blame?" "Kids fall." "If you have to find fault, blame the pavement, not yourself... or me." "Mommy!" "He should have his pitching arm back in no time." "Oh, thank you." " But I did wanna ask" " M.J. said that he fell on purpose, something about you telling him to "let Daddy push the elevator button"?" "You told him to fall?" "Remember, it's the pavement you're mad at." "What the hell, Susan?" "Why would you do something like that?" "Jackson taught him to ride the bike." "Jackson." "Who's Jackson?" "He does sleepovers with Mommy." "They drink lots of wine." "Hey, doc." "Uh, don't you hand out lollipops to brave little boys?" "I'm sorry." "M.J. was excited about the bike, so Jackson took off the training wheels and taught him." "He didn't know." "He didn't know I'd wanna be the one to teach my own kid how to ride a bike?" " Okay, you know what?" "This is not Jackson's fault." "You can't give a 5-year-old a bike and expect him to wait to ride it until you have time." "You know, this is what it means to be divorced." "It means that sometimes you won't be there." "I know." "It's... just harder than I thought it would be." "Well, it's hard for me, too." "I miss things when he's with you." "And I... am trying to come to terms with my guilt, because..." "I have to." "So do you." "There's nothing else you can do." "Has Mike called?" "Hi, honey." "You're home." "Sorry, hon." "So did he call?" "No." "Hey, listen to this." "Mrs. Hudson's putting her house up for sale." "I think we should buy it." "Why?" "As an investment." "I-I mean, it's fantastic." "My friend Mary Alice blew her brains out in this house, and all I'd have to do is let that slip," "And we'd get it for a song." " Yeah." "I don't think so." "Well, why not?" "We'll rent it out." "We could make some serious money." " Last thing I wanna be is a landlord, get a phone call every time a toilet overflows." "That's why we hire a management company" " Damn it, Edie, I said no!" "Why are you yelling at me?" "I don't know." "I'm sorry." "I just got a lot on my mind." "I'm sorry." "Hi, Bethany." "I'm here to pick up Juanita." "Is she around?" "Boys have sperm." "Excuse me?" "We need to talk." "So apparently, after we had our little chat with Juanita, she went straight to Bethany and passed on the facts of life in excruciating detail." "Well, did you explain to Peggy why we had the little chat?" " She didn't wanna hear it." "Not with Bethany running around the house, screaming "intercourse!" at the top of her lungs." "So we're out of the playdate?" " Oh, yeah." "Way out." "Well, I guess it's back to the old schedule of ten minutes of grope 'n snore at midnight." "I'm not going back, Carlos." "I can't." "If Juanita doesn't get her playdate, you're not getting yours." " Fine." "I will fix it." "I just don't know why" "Peggy's making such a big deal out of this." "Sperm!" "Juanita!" "Stop talking to your sister!" "Orson, what are you doing in the guest bedroom?" "Oh, I couldn't sleep." "You were snoring too loudly." "Me?" "Snoring?" "Mm, like a donkey with a head cold." "Honey, I don't snore." "Oh, you can't always hear yourself." "But I hear you... loud and clear." "Oh, for heaven sakes, come back to bed." "No." "I'm good here." "Dave Williams." "Look, hate to bother you," "But I got a busted pipe outside the house." "Probably some kids playing a prank." "No problem." "I'm across town finishing up on another job." "So depending on traffic, give me... say an hour?" "Oh, thanks." "I really appreciate it." "So when Juanita thought that I might be hurting her mother, we decided it was best that she knew the truth." "It just seemed like the right thing to do at the time." "See, honey?" "I-I knew there had to be a rational explanation." "Well..." "I guess under the circumstances, you didn't have any other choice." "So... do you think there's any chance" "Juanita could rejoin your playdate?" "We've talked to her." "She will never discuss sex ever again." "Not if she wants to see her favorite dolly Alive." "Gaby, we don't need to let them know all of our parenting secrets." "I... think that'd be okay." "I probably overreacted." "We just wanna keep Bethany's innocence as long as we can." "Oh, we totally agree." "Kids are forced to grow up way too fast these days." " No kidding." "I want my girls to believe in Santa Claus as long as possible." "They're gonna find out soon enough that it's all a lie." "What?" "There's no Santa Claus?" "!" "So..." "Next playdate's Monday at 1:00?" "Wow, whoever did this really went to town." "Yeah, I know." "Damn kids." "By the way, did you put any more thought into joining the band?" "Oh, man." "I'm sorry." "I've been meaning to get back to you." "I appreciate the offer, but I'm really stretched thin these days." "Oh, come on." "Every man's got time for a little music." "Believe me, I'd love to play with you guys," "But, uh, I live 30 minutes away-- an hour in traffic." "Whatever time I've got left's for my son." " Yeah, I hear ya." "Hey, you ever look into living a little closer by?" "With the rent prices in this neighborhood?" "I might play guitar like a rock star," "But I don't earn like one." "Yeah." "Sorry." "I wasn't thinking." "Oh, it's all right." "Uh, appreciate you trying to help." "Believe me, I wish I could do more." "I've never seen Bree so happy." "She's glowing." "She won't be glowing when that agency sinks her book." " Lynette..." "I'm telling you, the only thing staler than that ad campaign is this dinner roll." "Yeah, and the water was as flat as the ad campaign." "Your Martini was as dry as the ad campaign." "Let it go." "Hi, everybody!" "You having a good time?" "Hi!" "Hey, beautiful!" "Um, this is" " Stu!" "Lynette Scavo." "I thought that might be you." "Hey!" "Everyone, this is my old assistant," "Stu, um..." " Durber." " Durber." "Hey!" "Well, this was one great guy." "He would schlepp all the way across town just to get me my chinese food." "So..." "What are you up to?" "Actually, Stu's company is doing all my advertising." "Your company?" "You have a company?" "Three years now." "Huh." "How about you?" "Are you still at, uh, Parcher Murphy?" "No, I... also went into business for myself." "Her place makes the best pizza in town." "You own a pizzeria?" "Well, it's really my husband's." "And I'm still doing some freelance stuff." "Well, that's great." "You know, we're always working late." "Mm-hmm." "Oh." "Give me your card." "We'll order from you some night." "Oh." "You know, of course, we're across town," "So it may be a bit of a schlepp." "Oh!" "It was great catching up, Lynette." " Yeah." "Bree, let me introduce you to some people." "Yeah, mm." "Great." "There's my beautiful wife." "What are you up to?" "Why?" "Looking for a reason to scream at me?" "You're right." "I was awful the other day." "How about I make it up to you by buying you Mrs. Hudson's house?" "Seriously?" "Well, I thought about it, and I agree." "It's a good investment opportunity." "Oh!" "Thank you!" "Mm-hmm, mm-hmm." "Thank you." "Thank you." "And I promise that we'll rent that place out for top dollar." "Oh, I'm not worried about that." "But first..." "I want to do someone a favor." "Where are you?" "It's after 2:00." "I'm getting ready for my job interview." "Oh, that's not until 4:00." "I'm reading the company's annual reports." "I want to be prepared." "Oh, honey." "Everybody's asking about you." "I want you to be here." "It's my big day." "Well..." "Enjoy it." "You've earned it." "You know what this tastes like?" "More." "It would seem somebody's taking their designated driver position... a little lightly." " Stu?" "Stu is doing Bree's ad campaign?" "I rode in his hatchback once." "It smelled like mu shu." "I gotta warn her." " Oh, wait!" "No, honey." "Why don't you wait till after the ceremony?" "Yeah, just until you can blink both eyes at the same time." "Guys, I am just gonna offer her a little advice." "Geesh." "Whoop." "Still waiting." "The great thing about the internet is that with a minimal investment, you actually can reach all your specific target audience-- coupons." "Coupons?" "Do a cross-promotion with some of the major food companies." "Knock off 20% on some of the items featured in your recipes, then they do the same towards the purchase of your cookbook." "Yeah, our research shows, you know, people aren't so hot on gimmicks" " Zip it, Stuie." "Would you excuse us, please?" "Lynette, you're drunk." "Yeah, that's immaterial." "What do you think of the coupons?" "Lynette, I am really not able to deal with that right now." "Oh." "I know." "You've got your book and--and your big fancy award, and I'm just a housewife." "I never said that." "You know, when I had a high-powered career, and you were just a housewife, I never looked down on you." "If you could all please take your seats, it's time to present our award." "You need to leave now." "Fine." "And don't worry." "Even though I'd like to, I'm not gonna make some big, ugly scene." "Hey." "I, um, I bought M.J. some stilts, thought I'd teach him how to use 'em." "Har har." " Uh, actually, he's at Juanita's watching a DVD." "Do you want me to call him?" "No." "No, it's cool." "I just wanted to tell him about my new place." "You're moving again?" "How far are you gonna be away now?" "The Hudson house?" "Yeah, she sold it." "And Edie told me the new owner wants to rent it, so now I'll have a fighting chance of being around when M.J. hits his milestones." "Is this okay with you?" "Yeah." "It's great." "Uh, we'll be like... one big, happy, divorced family." "You sure?" "It's a little weird." "I--I but, you know, M.J. will be thrilled, and..." "Yeah, I'm fine with it." "Good." "So, um..." "I'll see you around, neighbor." "I still think it's strange you won't let me tell Mike that we're the new owners." "Well, the man's got a lot of pride." "I want him to feel like I'm his neighbor, not his landlord." "Landlord?" "Hell, with the rent we're charging him," "You're his fairy godmother." "All right, consider it an investment in good karma." " Screw karma." "I finally do something nice in this neighbhood, and I can't even brag about it?" "The man who is silent in his good deeds is the man who reaps the greatest reward." "So... give me some guidance." "Do I grovel, send flowers, or... just move?" "I'm not angry with you." "I'm just sorry that you felt so" "Drunk?" "Jealous?" "You have nothing to be jealous of." "Don't give me that." "You are having the kind of success" "I only dreamed of back in my ad days." "but that doesn't mean I look down on you." "No." "But watching you, I look down on me." "When I held your book in my hands," "I felt so jealous my stomach hurt." "And I thought, if I could just hitch a ride, have a piece of it," "I wouldn't feel so bad about your success." "For God's sakes, Lynette, stop calling me a success." "There's nothing successful about me." "My friends think I'm gonna drop them, my partner resents me, and my husband... has moved into the guest bedroom." "Everything I gain comes at some horrible price, and I'm starting to wonder if any of it's even worth it." "It is." "You're at the start of an incredible journey, and I am going to be there every step of the way, cheering you on, telling anyone who will listen that "the" Bree Van De Kamp is my friend." "Thanks." "And the rest of the stuff..." "You'll find a way to fix it." "Just know that all your friends are very proud of you." "Bitterly jealous, but proud." "If you look closely into the faces of those around you, you will catch a glimpse of a certain green-eyed monster." "And then you'll see they envy your career... your love life... the time you spend with their child..." "How do you deal with such jealousy?" "There are many ways." "But the best... is to simply share what you have." "Thank you." "Promise me you'll never leave our bed again." "I promise..." "Partner." |
Then Laurie's sister, Donna Joiner, offered to be the surrogate for Laurie. Eight months after the embryos were implanted, Joiner gave birth to fraternal twins Colten and Connor Yahn — the biological sons of Laurie and Mark — by cesarean section.
"She gave us the best gift in the world, the opportunity to be parents," said Laurie, who has no other children. "We call her Saint Donna around here. How do you repay somebody for that?"
Now almost 18 years later, Colten and Connor have grown into two of Bishop Moore's top athletes and students entering their final season of competition. Bishop Moore's student body voted them to be "Best Friends Forever."
Both are on the Hornets' weightlifting team this spring. .
"We feel blessed to have such a great family," Connor said. "Our parents and our aunt and her family went out of their way for us."
Said Laurie, 52: "We refer to them as our miracle babies."
According to a report released last summer by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, more than 5 million babies have been born through in vitro since the first one in 1978.
Before Joiner approached her sister, she went to her husband, Mike, for his approval, and to her doctors to be certain she was healthy enough for a pregnancy. She also discussed it with her three children, the youngest of which was 18 at the time. Only after everyone was on board did she mention it to Laurie.
"She's like another mother figure," Colten said. "She is an extremely special person to us. If it wasn't for her, we wouldn't be here."
Said Connor: "She is definitely closer to us than most aunts."
The Yahns and Joiners spend holidays and vacations together and generally spend as much time as possible with each other. Laurie and Donna often plan family get-togethers.
Not physically identical, Colten (5-foot-9, 200 pounds) and Connor (6-0, 165) have a shared love of sports and similar academic success.
They played flag football, Pop Warner football and football at Bishop Moore — Colten at linebacker, Connor at wide receiver. Colten played lacrosse; Connor played basketball. They are into boating, wakeboarding, snow skiing, skateboarding and tennis.
Both are in the National Honor Society, are peer ministers, members of the leadership team, and are in the Ecology and Spanish clubs.
They have been accepted to most of Florida's largest universities, including UF, FSU, Miami and UCF. Connor, who has a weighted 4.1 GPA, plans to go to Florida and prepare for a career in sports journalism. Colten, with a weighted 4.3 GPA, is undecided about where he will go to college but he wants to study pre-med.
"We wonder what our life would have been like without Connor and Colten," said Mark, 56, who owns a consulting firm. "I think about things I would have missed out on, like coming home from work and seeing Laurie out in the driveway playing tee-ball with our sons. Or seeing our son score his first touchdown or catch his first pass."
And Joiner and her family have been there, cheering on Connor and Colten.
"I think of those kids as my own, and I always will," said Joiner, 61, a kindergarten teacher at Azalea Park Elementary. "They still are partly mine. We have followed them through all their sports. I am proud of them.."
Said Colten: "I feel like we were meant to be after all everyone went through to have us." |
Hot Topics:
Mass. posts biggest annual job gains since 2000
The Lowell Sun
Posted:
03/06/2014 01:22:13 PM EST
By Matt Murphy
STATE HOUSE NEWS SERVICE
BOSTON -- With its largest single-year jobs gain in 2013 since the dot-com boom, the Massachusetts economy has grown out of the recession, though the state's unemployment rate still hovers above the national average.
Massachusetts shed 4,500 jobs in January, but the state's employers added 55,200 jobs in 2013, the biggest annual gain since 2000 when the economy grew by 95,500 jobs.
The state finished January with an unemployment rate of 6.8 percent, according to data released Thursday morning, a drop from 7.1 percent a month earlier, but still higher than the 6.6 percent national average.
"Massachusetts added 55,200 jobs in 2013 which is the largest job growth in a single year in nearly 15 years and represents a continuing trend of significant job gains the last four years," Gov. Deval Patrick said Thursday morning during a conference call where he said the employment gains were evidence that his strategy of investing in education, infrastructure and innovative businesses is working.
According to labor and economic development officials, the recorded job growth last year answered a question in the minds of those monitoring economic growth about whether the state's job market would continue to expand after clawing back from the loss of jobs during the recession.
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The largest recorded growth came in the professional, scientific and business services sector where 13,500 jobs were added over the year, while the construction trades were the only sector to post a job loss of 1,200 in 2013.
Labor and Workforce Development Secretary Rachel Kaprielian said the state has added 195,000 jobs since job levels bottomed out in October 2009, and the workforce now counts 61,700 more jobs than its previous "high-water mark pre-recession."
Housing and Economic Development Secretary Greg Bialecki said it wasn't until around the beginning of last year that the state fully recovered the jobs lost during the recession, but the new statistics show that 237,100 people still cannot find work.
"For our state, it's particularly exciting that we had such strong growth in 2013 because it means we are moving beyond a simple recovery, we are getting beyond getting back what we lost, and moving into new territory," Bialecki said.
House Minority Leader Brad Jones said some monthly unemployment rates over the past year were revised upward, raising questions about the accuracy of numbers as they are released.
"I don't think too much can be read into these. There's a recurring frustration that the numbers continue to bounce all over the place," he said. "If the administration wants to touts their accuracy then the most recent numbers show we lost 4,500 in January. Is one month a trend? Hopefully we won't see that continue."
Jones also said the job numbers might not take into account the number of people who lost good jobs during the recession and may now be reemployed, but have had to settle.
"How much of this is underemployment and people who were trained but taking any jobs they can get that maybe they didn't go to school for?" Jones said. "I don't sense that everything is as rosy and headed in the right direction as they would want you to think in these numbers."
Patrick said the state's economy, despite its higher unemployment rate, is growing faster than the national economy, posting a growth rate of twice the national average in the fourth quarter of last year. The governor also said single-family home sales in January reached their highest number since 2007.
Despite the "very encouraging news," Patrick said, "At the same time I know not every community and every household is feeling the effect of the recovery just yet and we want to keep going."
Seasonally unadjusted unemployment rates in December were above 10 percent in Pittsfield, New Bedford and the Lawrence-Methuen-Salem areas.
In an analysis posted on the group's website, Associated Industries of Massachusetts Senior Advisor Andre Mayer wrote that employment reports tend to "suffer from small sample size and show more fluctuation than is really there."
"The Massachusetts economy has been doing pretty well. The reported January job loss may signal a slowdown, but it may just as well be statistical error from the survey or seasonal adjustment, or simply a result of bad weather," he wrote.
Mayer said the household survey used as a basis for the unemployment rate is "particularly unreliable" and shows less job creation than the monthly survey of employers, which he said is consistent with the more accurate benchmark of unemployment insurance data published quarterly.
The economy dropped 4,500 jobs in January, according to preliminary statistics that could be revised next month, with the biggest loss coming in the trade, transportation and utilities sector where jobs were down by 6,700, or 1.2 percent from month to month.
Job losses were also absorbed in government, professional, scientific and business services, and manufacturing in January.
Over the past year, the unemployment rate has fallen just a tenth of a point from 6.9 percent in January 2013, and Kaprielian said that the revised rates show an average unemployment rate of 7.1 percent for the year, with a high of 7.2 percent in several months.
Bialecki said he interpreted the still high unemployment rate despite strong job growth numbers as evidence that a lot of people were deciding to stay in Massachusetts and hunt for work rather than leaving the state or dropping out of the labor pool.
"People are staying here. People are coming here," he said.
Patrick said advanced manufacturing has made a "very strong comeback" in western Massachusetts, the Pioneer Valley and the Merrimack Valley around Lowell.
Bialecki said the jobs being created are not just a blend of well-paying professional jobs that require advanced degrees and minimum wage work, but also "middle-skills" jobs that may require some additional post-high school training but not a four-year degree.
OTTAWA, Ontario (AP) — The death of actor Leonard Nimoy last week has inspired people to post photos on social media of marked-up five-dollar Canadian banknotes that show former prime minister Wilfrid Laurier transformed to resemble Spock, Nimoy's famous "Star Trek" character. Full Story |
Utility of fine needle aspiration cytology to comprehend the pathogenesis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a precise, cost-effective, and minimal invasive technique for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This study was aimed to analyze clinical and cytological characteristics of EPTB with particular emphasis on pathogenesis. This was a retrospective study analyzing 237 cases of EPTB diagnosed on FNAC. Depending on the presence of necrosis and granulomas, cases were divided into three classes. Association of cytomorphology with positivity for acid-fast bacilli was analyzed by Chi-square test to demonstrate any specific pattern. Majority of our patients diagnosed as EPTB (73.8%) were young with male-to-female ratio of 1:1.3. The mean age was 23.2 years (age range 9 months to 81 years). The most frequent site involved was lymph node (89.5%) with predilection for cervical lymph nodes (81.4%). The extranodal sites affected were breast, abdominal wall, chest wall, salivary glands, soft tissue, bone, and genitourinary tract. Detailed cytological examination revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation as most common pattern (43%). Acid-fast bacilli were detected only in 43.5% of the cases and bacilli detection was more frequently associated with necrotizing lesions (64.9%). Non-necrotizing lesions showed AFB positivity only in 7.4% of the cases. To achieve the goal of tuberculosis eradication, it is essential to understand its different forms of clinical presentation and detailed pathogenesis including host factors, host-pathogen interaction, and molecular mechanisms. Cytomorphological features of the representative lesions might be valuable in providing clues regarding possible pathogenetic mechanisms. |
靶标
功能Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance, lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics, platelet activation and cell migration. VASP promotes actin filament elongation. It protects the barbed end of growing actin filaments against capping and increases the rate of actin polymerization in the presence of capping protein. VASP stimulates actin filament elongation by promoting the transfer of profilin-bound actin monomers onto the barbed end of growing actin filaments. Plays a role in actin-based mobility of Listeria monocytogenes in host cells. Regulates actin dynamics in platelets and plays an important role in regulating platelet aggregation.
组织特异性Highly expressed in platelets.
序列相似性Belongs to the Ena/VASP family.Contains 1 WH1 domain.
结构域The EVH2 domain is comprised of 3 regions. Block A is a thymosin-like domain required for G-actin binding. The KLKR motif within this block is essential for the G-actin binding and for actin polymerization. Block B is required for F-actin binding and subcellular location, and Block C for tetramerization.The WH1 domain mediates interaction with XIRP1.
翻译后修饰Major substrate for cAMP-dependent (PKA) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) in platelets. The preferred site for PKA is Ser-157, the preferred site for PKG, Ser-239. In ADP-activated platelets, phosphorylation by PKA or PKG on Ser-157 leads to fibrinogen receptor inhibition. Phosphorylation on Thr-278 requires prior phosphorylation on Ser-157 and Ser-239. In response to phorbol ester (PMA) stimulation, phosphorylated by PKC/PRKCA. In response to thrombin, phosphorylated by both PKC and ROCK1. Phosphorylation at Thr-278 by AMPK does not require prior phosphorylation at Ser-157 or Ser-239. Phosphorylation modulates F-actin binding, actin filament elongation and platelet activation. Carbon monoxide (CO) promotes phosphorylation at Ser-157, while nitric oxide (NO) promotes phosphorylation at Ser-157, but also at Ser-239. Response to NO and CO is blunted in platelets from diabetic patients, and VASP is not phosphorylated efficiently at Ser-157 and Ser-239.
细胞定位Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm > cytoskeleton. Cell junction > focal adhesion. Cell projection > lamellipodium membrane. Cell projection > filopodium membrane. Targeted to stress fibers and focal adhesions through interaction with a number of proteins including MRL family members. Localizes to the plasma membrane in protruding lamellipodia and filopodial tips. Stimulation by thrombin or PMA, also translocates VASP to focal adhesions. Localized along the sides of actin filaments throughout the peripheral cytoplasm under basal conditions. |
Q:
SimpleRole / SimpleMember - add user to role
MVC4 using SimpleMembership & Role.
So after 18 hours of research, googling, trial & error, etc I finally have simpleMembership working. However, after multiple step-throughs and different scenarios, I cant find where the new user is assigned to a role. I have roles in my webpages_Roles table.
So, does one of the 4000 built-in methods do the assigning and I just need to add it somewhere? Or do I need to do it manually?
A:
You can add a user to a role with the following code:
System.Web.Security.Roles.AddUsersToRole("user1", "user2", "user3", ... , "yourrolename");
|
<?php
/**
* Copyright (c) BoonEx Pty Limited - http://www.boonex.com/
* CC-BY License - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
*/
require_once( BX_DIRECTORY_PATH_MODULES . $aModule['path'] . 'classes/' . $aModule['class_prefix'] . 'View.php');
require_once( BX_DIRECTORY_PATH_MODULES . $aModule['path'] . 'classes/' . $aModule['class_prefix'] . 'Module.php');
// ** init some needed variables ;
global $_page;
global $_page_cont;
$iProfileId = getLoggedId();
$iIndex = 57;
$iPollId = ( isset($_GET['id']) ) ? (int) $_GET['id'] : 0;
// define all needed poll's settings ;
$aPollSettings = array
(
// check admin mode ;
'admin_mode' => isAdmin() ? true : false,
// logged member's id ;
'member_id' => $iProfileId,
// number of poll's columns for per page ;
'page_columns' => 2,
// number of poll's elements for per page ;
'per_page' => ( isset($_GET['per_page']) )
? (int) $_GET['per_page']
: 6,
// current page ;
'page' => ( isset($_GET['page']) )
? (int) $_GET['page']
: 1,
'featured_page' => ( isset($_GET['featured_page']) )
? (int) $_GET['featured_page']
: 1,
'featured_per_page' => ( isset($_GET['featured_per_page']) )
? (int) $_GET['featured_per_page']
: 3,
// contain some specific actions for polls ;
'action' => ( isset($_GET['action']) )
? $_GET['action']
: null,
// contain number of needed pool id ;
'edit_poll_id' => ( isset($_GET['edit_poll_id']) )
? (int) $_GET['edit_poll_id']
: 0,
'mode' => ( isset($_GET['mode']) )
? addslashes($_GET['mode'])
: null,
'tag' => ( isset($_GET['tag']) )
? addslashes($_GET['tag'])
: null
);
$oPoll = new BxPollModule($aModule, $aPollSettings);
$_page['name_index'] = $iIndex;
$sPageCaption = _t('_bx_poll_all');
$_page['header'] = $sPageCaption ;
$_page['header_text'] = $sPageCaption ;
$_page['css_name'] = 'main.css';
$oPoll -> _oTemplate -> setPageDescription( _t('_bx_poll_PH') );
$oPoll -> _oTemplate -> addPageKeywords( _t('_bx_poll_keyword') );
// get custom actions button;
$oPoll -> getCustomActionButton();
if(!$aPollSettings['action']) {
$_page_cont[$iIndex]['page_main_code'] = $oPoll -> searchAll();
} else {
switch($aPollSettings['action']) {
case 'user' :
$sUserName = ( isset($_GET['nickname']) )
? $_GET['nickname']
: null;
// define profile's Id;
$iProfileId = getId($sUserName);
if($iProfileId) {
$GLOBALS['oTopMenu']->setCurrentProfileID($iProfileId);
$_page_cont[$iIndex]['page_main_code'] = $oPoll -> searchAllProfilePolls($iProfileId);
} else {
// if profile's Id not defined will draw all polls list;
$_page_cont[$iIndex]['page_main_code'] = $oPoll -> searchAll();
}
break;
case 'tag' :
$sPageCaption = _t('_bx_poll_tags');
$_page['header'] = $sPageCaption ;
$_page['header_text'] = $sPageCaption ;
$sTag = ( isset($_GET['tag']) )
? uri2title($_GET['tag'])
: null;
$_page_cont[$iIndex]['page_main_code'] = $oPoll -> searchTags($sTag);
break;
case 'category' :
$sPageCaption = _t('_bx_poll_view_category');
$_page['header'] = $sPageCaption ;
$_page['header_text'] = $sPageCaption ;
$sCategory = ( isset($_GET['category']) )
? uri2title($_GET['category'])
: null;
$_page_cont[$iIndex]['page_main_code'] = $oPoll -> searchCategories($sCategory);
break;
case 'featured' :
$sPageCaption = _t('_bx_poll_featured_polls');
$_page['header'] = $sPageCaption ;
$_page['header_text'] = $sPageCaption ;
$_page_cont[$iIndex]['page_main_code'] = $oPoll -> searchFeatured();
break;
case 'popular' :
$sPageCaption = _t('_bx_poll_popular_polls');
$_page['header'] = $sPageCaption ;
$_page['header_text'] = $sPageCaption ;
$_page_cont[$iIndex]['page_main_code'] = $oPoll -> searchPopular();
break;
case 'my' :
$sPageCaption = _t('_bx_poll_my');
$_page['header'] = $sPageCaption ;
$_page['header_text'] = $sPageCaption ;
if($iProfileId) {
$GLOBALS['oTopMenu']->setCurrentProfileID($iProfileId);
$_page_cont[$iIndex]['page_main_code'] = $oPoll -> searchMy();
} else {
member_auth(0);
}
break;
case 'show_poll_info' :
case 'poll_home' :
// draw polls question on menu's panel;
$aPollInfo = current($oPoll -> _oDb -> getPollInfo($iPollId));
$sCode = '';
$sInitPart = $oPoll -> getInitPollPage();
if ($aPollSettings['action'] == 'show_poll_info') {
$isAllowView = FALSE;
if (!empty($aPollInfo))
{
if ((int)$aPollInfo['poll_approval'] == 1 || isAdmin($iProfileId) || isModerator($iProfileId))
$isAllowView = TRUE;
}
if ($isAllowView)
{
$oViewPoll = bx_instance($aModule['class_prefix'] . 'View', array($aPollSettings['action'], $aModule, $oPoll, $iPollId), $aModule);
$sPageTitle = $aPollInfo['poll_question'];
$sPageCaption = _t('_bx_poll_view', $aPollInfo['poll_question']);
$_page['header'] = $sPageCaption ;
$_page['header_text'] = $sPageCaption ;
$oPoll -> _oTemplate -> addJsTranslation(array('_Are_you_sure'));
$oPoll -> _oTemplate -> setPageDescription($aPollInfo['poll_question']);
$oPoll -> _oTemplate -> addPageKeywords($aPollInfo['poll_answers'], BX_POLL_ANS_DIVIDER);
if( mb_strlen($sPageTitle) > $oPoll -> sPollHomeTitleLenght) {
$sPageTitle = mb_substr($sPageTitle, 0, $oPoll -> sPollHomeTitleLenght) . '...';
}
$sCode = $sInitPart . $oViewPoll -> getCode();
}
else
{
$oPoll->_oTemplate->displayPageNotFound();
}
$GLOBALS['oTopMenu'] -> setCustomSubHeader($sPageTitle);
$_page_cont[$iIndex]['page_main_code'] = $sCode;
} else {
$oViewPoll = bx_instance($aModule['class_prefix'] . 'View', array($aPollSettings['action'], $aModule, $oPoll, $iPollId), $aModule);
$sPageCaption = _t('_bx_poll_home');
$_page['header'] = $sPageCaption ;
$_page['header_text'] = $sPageCaption ;
$sCode = $sInitPart . $oViewPoll -> getCode();
}
$_page_cont[$iIndex]['page_main_code'] = $sCode;
break;
case 'delete_poll':
if($iPollId)
$oPoll->deletePoll($iPollId);
$_page_cont[$iIndex]['page_main_code'] = $oPoll -> searchAll();
break;
default :
$_page_cont[$iIndex]['page_main_code'] = $oPoll -> searchAll();
}
}
PageCode($oPoll -> _oTemplate);
|
Despite clear evidence supporting the effectiveness of cannabis at treating a variety of conditions, the plant has long been classified as a Schedule I drug by the US government, painting it as a substance with a high risk of abuse and no accepted medical use. Recently, however, the FDA submitted a recommendation to the DEA to review the plant’s current status, perhaps an indication that the federal government is considering a change to this outdated and erroneous classification.
The catch: nobody except the FDA and DEA knows what that change would be and what information it will be based on.
Perhaps this is a sign that the FDA and DEA are beginning to cave under the pressure of the general public, the majority of whom support legalization. Given the DEA’s horrible track record with cannabis and patients who use it, however, the secretive nature of this decision is concerning. When considering a change to a drug’s classification via the Controlled Substances Act, the government must take into account a thorough medical and scientific review.
With the closed-door nature of the process, the general public will not know what new information is being considered and what the proposed new classification will be until after the decision has been made.
In an interview with Marijuana.com, who first broke the story, Mike Liszewski of Americans for Safe Access said, “We hope the agencies will become more transparent and give medical marijuana patients the respect they deserve.”
Photo Credit: NCinDC
End |
[Influence of physical activity on quality of life in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis].
The present study aimed to conduct a review on the association between exercise and quality of life in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. A search was performed in PubMed, SciELO, SpringerLink and Sport Discus databases to identify relevant articles that addressed this association. We used the following descriptors in the English and Portuguese languages: osteoporosis, exercise, menopause, women, physical activity, quality of life/osteoporose, exercício físico, menopausa, mulheres, atividade física, qualidade de vida. Regarding quality of life and physical aspects like muscle strength and balance, with the exception of two studies, all others have reported improvement in quality of life and in physical domain of participants. Intervention with exercise has proved essential to improving the quality of life of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Activities that aim at the improvement of muscle strength and balance are essential to prevent falls, and consequently to reduce the incidence of fractures in this population. |
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