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Dave Arrell
David Henry Arrell (5 April 1913 – 22 March 1990) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Notes
External links
Dave Arrell's profile at Blueseum
Category:1913 births
Category:1990 deaths
Category:Carlton Football Club players
Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Category:Brunswick Football Club players |
Q:
Initializing objects on PHP MVC - before view or during
I'm building a simple MVC Framework and stuck in how i set up the objects.
TL;DR: Is better initialize objects before the view or during the view render?
Example:
CONTROLLER
<?php
class Controller {
public function __construct() {
$user = new User();
}
}
?>
OBJECT USER
<?php
class User {
public function __construct() {
$this->setFriends($arg);
}
public function setFriends($arg) {}
public function getFriends() {}
}
?>
OBJECT FRIEND
<?php
class Friend {
.. properties ..
.. methods() ..
}
?>
VIEW
<?php
foreach($user->getFriends() as $friend){
.. $friend is a Friend Object already ..
.. html...
}
?>
The question: Is better initialize Friend object on setFriends method (before the load view - remember, there are a lot of friends) or on getFriends method (on load view)?
public function setFriends($arg) {
foreach($arg as $item)
$this->friends[] = new Friend($item)
}
OR
public function getFriends() {
$tmp = array();
foreach($this->friends as &friend)
$tmp[] = new Friend($friend)
return $tmp;
}
I think in the first case, memory will be pre consumed. And the second case, the Friend Object will initialize only if the view call getFriends.
A:
As a general rule of thumb:
Anything that's required to make every page load should be required universally early on in the initialization (usually in a boostrap layer or similar). This includes things like a base controller (from which others extend), base view (same deal here), database handler object, etc.
Anything that's specific to just one page, as you seem to be describing with users and friends, should be loaded in the controller or controller action which handles loading that page. This helps keep your code focused and your memory footprint down.
In these cases it is always better to move as much of the business logic out of your views as you can, and save your PHP in views for simple things like loops and echos. In MVC frameworks you'll often see arrays built in a controller, so that lots of data that has already been finalized can be passed to the view. For example, within your controller you could instantiate your user to pass to the view as an argument, and then also instantiate your friends and add them all to an array of friends that you pass as another argument. Or combine these two arrays into one big array, and pass a single 'parameters' argument to the view. This would then be a standard parameter that all your views could share, and then picking apart the array of data happens within the view itself.
Other options become more viable depending on what information you need to be available about friends. For instance, when instantiating a user you could also (within the constructor) instantiate each one of their friends, assign to an array, and save them all as a property of that user. This does make a bulkier object, and you have to consider if you're using a lot of users how much this will cost.
You could, however, only need friends in certain circumstances so it may make more sense to instantiate them when you need them, instead of always having them even when you don't. If this is the case, your user should at least have a lookup of its friends, and be able to set a property within itself that will hold the info you need to look up a friend. This means that whether it's included in your user constructor (if you'll always need to know what friends a user has), or in a separate function like getFriends (if you only sometimes have to know about a user's friends), you'll need to have at least an ID of each friend that can be stored as a property of your user, so you can later loop through it and instantiate friends based on id.
Overall I think the important point is regarding context. Where you create an object directly affects two main things: where it is accessible, and how much memory you waste. You always need to weigh those two and strike the balance. My best advice is to restrict where data exists and where it is accessible as much as possible, to only those places where it has to be. This will keep you application the most secure and use the least memeory.
I know it's a lot to think about, but I hope this helpled!
|
That's right. Mr. Helpful has been playing doctor... and not the kind that has been known to get people in trouble. Specifically, he's been spending a lot of time reading up on sports medicine.
You see the local doctors have been seeing a big increase in the rate of injuries to kids at school while playing in sports activities. In particular ankle sprains have gone way up and the doctors in town didn't have any more than a few basic means to treat the injuries and not one clue about how to go about preventing them in the first place.
The reason for the increase in the rate of injuries is simple enough. Last year the Nutjob Hills school system added soccer to their list of sports activities. Naturally, Because of all the footwork and running that is central to soccer, there is a sharply increased chance for ankle, leg and knee injuries.
After doing a bit of research Mr. Helpful came up with some common sense type practices such as soccer ankle braces and knee braces that, once people started using them, have served to reduce the number and severity of those injuries by quite a bit. |
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/******************************************************************************
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*
*****************************************************************************/
package com.sun.jdo.spi.persistence.support.ejb.enhancer.meta;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import com.sun.jdo.api.persistence.enhancer.meta.ExtendedJDOMetaData;
import com.sun.jdo.api.persistence.enhancer.meta.JDOMetaDataFatalError;
import com.sun.jdo.api.persistence.enhancer.meta.JDOMetaDataModelImpl;
import com.sun.jdo.api.persistence.enhancer.meta.JDOMetaDataUserException;
import com.sun.jdo.api.persistence.model.jdo.PersistenceFieldElement;
import com.sun.jdo.api.persistence.model.Model;
/**
* Provide MetaDataModel Class used by CMP code generation during
* EJB deployment.
* Note that classPath is used for I/O of MetaData and
* className is used for I/O of Model.
* @author Shing Wai Chan
*/
public class EJBMetaDataModelImpl extends JDOMetaDataModelImpl
implements ExtendedJDOMetaData {
public EJBMetaDataModelImpl(Model model)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
super(model);
}
//methods from ExtendedJDOMetaData, not in JDOMetaData
public String[] getKnownClasses()
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public String[] getKnownFields(String classPath)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
return getManagedFields(classPath);
}
public String getFieldType(String classPath, String fieldName)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
final String className = pathToName(classPath);
String ftype = model.getFieldType(className, fieldName);
return nameToPath(ftype);
}
public int getClassModifiers(String classPath)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
return Modifier.PUBLIC;
}
public int getFieldModifiers(String classPath, String fieldName)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
final String className = pathToName(classPath);
return model.getModifiers(model.getField(className, fieldName));
}
public String getKeyClass(String classPath)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
final String className = pathToName(classPath);
String keyClass = model.getPersistenceClass(className).getKeyClass();
if (keyClass.toLowerCase().endsWith(".oid")) {
int ind = keyClass.lastIndexOf('.');
keyClass = keyClass.substring(0, ind) + "$Oid";
}
return nameToPath(keyClass);
}
public boolean isKnownNonManagedField(String classPath,
String fieldName, String fieldSig)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
return !isPersistentField(classPath, fieldName);
}
public boolean isManagedField(String classPath, String fieldName)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
return (isPersistentField(classPath, fieldName)
|| isTransactionalField(classPath, fieldName));
}
public boolean isKeyField(String classPath, String fieldName)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
return isPrimaryKeyField(classPath, fieldName);
}
public boolean isPrimaryKeyField(String classPath, String fieldName)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError
{
final String className = pathToName(classPath);
final PersistenceFieldElement pfe
= model.getPersistenceField(className, fieldName);
if (pfe != null) {
return pfe.isKey();
} else {
return false;
}
}
public int getFieldFlags(String classPath, String fieldName)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
if (!isManagedField(classPath, fieldName)) {
affirm(!isTransactionalField(classPath, fieldName));
affirm(!isPersistentField(classPath, fieldName));
affirm(!isKeyField(classPath, fieldName));
affirm(!isDefaultFetchGroupField(classPath, fieldName));
return 0;
}
//affirm(isManagedField(classPath, fieldName));
if (isTransactionalField(classPath, fieldName)) {
affirm(!isPersistentField(classPath, fieldName));
affirm(!isKeyField(classPath, fieldName));
// ignore any dfg membership of transactional fields
//affirm(!isDefaultFetchGroupField(classPath, fieldName));
return CHECK_WRITE;
}
//affirm(!isTransactionalField(classPath, fieldName));
affirm(isPersistentField(classPath, fieldName));
if (isKeyField(classPath, fieldName)) {
// ignore any dfg membership of key fields
//affirm(!isDefaultFetchGroupField(classPath, fieldName));
return MEDIATE_WRITE;
}
//affirm(!isKeyField(classPath, fieldName));
if (isDefaultFetchGroupField(classPath, fieldName)) {
if (Boolean.getBoolean("AllowMediatedWriteInDefaultFetchGroup")) {
return CHECK_READ | MEDIATE_WRITE;
}
return CHECK_READ | CHECK_WRITE;
}
//affirm(!isDefaultFetchGroupField(classPath, fieldName));
return MEDIATE_READ | MEDIATE_WRITE;
}
public int[] getFieldFlags(String classPath, String[] fieldNames)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
final int n = (fieldNames != null ? fieldNames.length : 0);
final int[] flags = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
flags[i] = getFieldFlags(classPath, fieldNames[i]);
}
return flags;
}
public String[] getFieldType(String className, String[] fieldNames)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
final int n = (fieldNames != null ? fieldNames.length : 0);
final String[] types = new String[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
types[i] = getFieldType(className, fieldNames[i]);
}
return types;
}
public int[] getFieldNo(String classPath, String[] fieldNames)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
final int n = (fieldNames != null ? fieldNames.length : 0);
final int[] flags = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
flags[i] = getFieldNo(classPath, fieldNames[i]);
}
return flags;
}
public String[] getKeyFields(String classPath)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
final List keys = new ArrayList();
final String[] fieldNames = getManagedFields(classPath);
final int n = fieldNames.length;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (isKeyField(classPath, fieldNames[i])) {
keys.add(fieldNames[i]);
}
}
return (String[])keys.toArray(new String[keys.size()]);
}
public String getPersistenceCapableSuperClass(String classPath)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
return null;
}
public String getSuperKeyClass(String classPath)
throws JDOMetaDataUserException, JDOMetaDataFatalError {
return null;
}
}
|
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Two parents in Chicago were devastated to learn that a year after their daughter’s death, the city’s police force destroyed the last note she ever wrote them.
Terry Porter’s daughter Nicole, 29, took her own life in February 2015, leaving behind two notes—one written to her parents, CBS Chicago reports. Police took the letters into evidence, and ruled the death a suicide in May of that year.
But the case wasn’t officially closed until April 2016, at which point the detective notified Porter that she could collect the letter. When Porter and her husband went to pick up the note a month later, they learned it had been destroyed due to an administrative error.
“It was like everything was ripped right open again,” Porter told CBS Chicago. “It was the last ‘I love you’ she ever said to us.”
Porter would like Chicago police to review their policies to ensure this doesn’t happen to any other grieving families.
[CBS Chicago] |
584 F.Supp. 1382 (1984)
Stanley A. ANTON, Plaintiff,
v.
Glen LEHPAMER, et al., Defendants.
No. 81 C 36.
United States District Court, N.D. Illinois, E.D.
April 11, 1984.
*1383 Miriam F. Miquelon and Kris Daniel, Miquelon, Cotter & Daniel, Chicago, Ill., for plaintiff.
Peter V. Baugher, Paul E. Dengel and Sally F. Rogers, Schiff, Hardin & Waite, Chicago, Ill., for defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
SHADUR, District Judge.
Stanley Anton ("Anton") originally filed suit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 ("Section 1983") against:
1. Downers Grove police officers Glen Lehpamer ("Lehpamer"), Joseph Degand ("Degand") and William Moore ("Moore"), charging their use of excessive force in effecting Anton's arrest; and
2. DuPage County Jail law enforcement officers Louis Cook ("Cook") and Michael Blazek ("Blazek") and DuPage County Sheriff Richard Doria ("Doria"), asserting their failure to give Anton adequate medical treatment for an injury sustained during the arrest.
Cook and Doria (on May 13, 1982) and Blazek (on December 30, 1982) extricated themselves as defendants via the summary judgment route. Now Lehpamer, Degand and Moore also move for summary judgment under Fed.R.Civ.P. ("Rule") 56. For the reasons stated in this memorandum opinion and order, their motion is denied.
Facts[1]
On December 21, 1978 Lehpamer, Degand and Moore responded to a dispatch call that an intoxicated man had created a disturbance in his home and had left carrying a .45 caliber gun.[2] Moore saw Anton walking down the street with his hands in his jeans pockets. Moore aimed his police vehicle spotlight at Anton and ordered him to stop walking. As the officers arrived on the scene, all three pointed weapons at Anton: Moore his service revolver, Degand a shotgun and Lehpamer his service revolver.
Lehpamer ordered Anton to take his hands out of his pockets and raise them over his head. After Anton had been told to do so more than once, he raised his hands over his head and then lowered them. Moore grabbed Anton from behind and wrestled him to the ground. Lehpamer assisted in restraining Anton until he was handcuffed. Then the officers removed *1384 the .45 caliber gun from the back of Anton's pants belt.
Anton claims defendants then started to drag him to the police vehicle without permitting him to regain an upright position. On reaching the police vehicle Lehpamer stepped on Anton's left leg behind the knee, causing an injury that required him to undergo surgery to repair torn ligaments.
Adequacy of an Available State Remedy
Defendants' entire argument is that for reasons marked out in Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527, 101 S.Ct. 1908, 68 L.Ed.2d 420 (1981), the adequacy of an available state law tort claim bars Anton's suit here. Parratt involved a prisoner's Section 1983 claim against state officials for their negligence in losing a hobby kit paid for with the prisoner's own funds. Justice Rehnquist (speaking for the Court, through the proliferation of other opinions clouds the precise contours of the Court's holdings) first said the prisoner had satisfied three of the four prerequisites to establish a violation of procedural due process (451 U.S. at 536-37, 101 S.Ct. at 1913-14, footnote omitted):
Unquestionably, respondent's claim satisfies three prerequisites of a valid due process claim: the petitioners acted under color of state law; the hobby kit falls within the definition of property; and the alleged loss, even though negligently caused, amounted to a deprivation. Standing alone, however, these three elements do not establish a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. Nothing in that Amendment protects against all deprivations of life, liberty, or property by the State. The Fourteenth Amendment protects only against deprivations "without due process of law." Baker v. McCollan, 443 U.S. [137], at 145, 99 S.Ct. [2689], at 2695 [61 L.Ed.2d 433]. Our inquiry therefore must focus on whether the respondent has suffered a deprivation of property without due process of law. In particular, we must decide whether the tort remedies which the State of Nebraska provides as a means of redress for property deprivations satisfy the requirements of procedural due process.
After extended discussion, Justice Rehnquist concluded "due process" had been satisfied there because (1) Nebraska provided a tort remedy adequate to redress the deprivation and (2) no pre-deprivation hearing was possible (id. at 541, 101 S.Ct. at 1916).
Parrattwhich after all dealt with a deprivation of property caused by negligence quickly ignited a controversy over whether its analysis extended as well to deprivations of liberty and to intentional acts. At least in this Circuit, the Parratt approach does apply to deprivations of liberty interests. State Bank of St. Charles v. Camic, 712 F.2d 1140, 1147 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 104 S.Ct. 491, 78 L.Ed.2d 686 (1983); Eberle v. Baumfalk, 524 F.Supp. 515, 517-18 (N.D.Ill. 1981).
But as to whether Parratt's treatment extends to intentional acts, the courts differ sharply. Contrast McCrae v. Hankins, 720 F.2d 863, 869-70 (5th Cir.1983) (Parratt does not apply to intentional deprivations of property) and Brewer v. Blackwell, 692 F.2d 387, 394-95 & n. 11 (5th Cir.1982) (Parratt does not apply to intentional deprivations of liberty interests) with Keniston v. Roberts, 717 F.2d 1295, 1301 (9th Cir.1983) (burden is on defendants to show a pre-deprivation hearing is impracticable to guard against an intentional deprivation implementing official policy). Our own Court of Appeals has been less than clear on this score. It has on occasion applied Parratt to intentional deprivations[3] and has at other times distinguished intentional deprivations from negligent actions in applying *1385 Parratt,[4] but all its excursions into the area have been undertaken without much discussion or analysis.
Section 1983 Claims Post-Parratt
Of course Anton does not complain that he should have been given a hearing before excessive force was used in arresting him. Nor does he say no state law tort remedy is at all available to redress the alleged assault. Rather Anton's claim rests on the premise some actionsintentional encroachments on libertyare constitutionally prohibited by the Fourteenth Amendment no matter what procedure is used to redress the wrong.
Justice Holmes observed in New York Trust Co. v. Eisner, 256 U.S. 345, 349, 41 S.Ct. 506, 507, 65 L.Ed. 963 (1921):
Upon this point a page of history is worth a volume of logic.
Nearly a quarter century has passed since Monroe v. Pape, 365 U.S. 167, 81 S.Ct. 473, 5 L.Ed.2d 492 (1961) (only Justice Frankfurter dissenting) taught "under color" of state lawthe talismanic phrase in Section 1983was not intended to be limited, in providing a remedy under federal law, only to official conduct that could not be redressed in state law. Monroe did so in the context of the classic[5] situation of an intentional tort by police officers. It relied on the then twenty-year-old doctrine of United States v. Classic, 313 U.S. 299, 61 S.Ct. 1031, 85 L.Ed. 1368 (1941), reinforced by Screws v. United States, 325 U.S. 91, 65 S.Ct. 1031, 89 L.Ed. 1495 (1945). And each of those cases, too, had dealt with intentional misdeeds of state officers.
Whatever Parratt may mean (see this Court's early doubts as expressed in Eberle v. Baumfalk, 524 F.Supp. at 518 n. 4), from the outset one of the most disturbing aspects of Justice Rehnquist's opinion has been the potential for its expansion, by the seemingly faultless logic of syllogistic analysis, to bar federal relief for the very wrongsthe intentional deprivation of rights to libertythat have so long been viewed as the central focus of Section 1983. Screws said (325 U.S. at 112-13, 65 S.Ct. at 1040-41), in language quoted in Monroe, 365 U.S. at 184-85, 81 S.Ct. at 482-83:
The construction given § 20 [18 U.S.C. § 242, the criminal counterpart to Section 1983] in the Classic case formulated a rule of law which has become the basis of federal enforcement in this important field. The rule adopted in that case was formulated after mature consideration. It should be good for more than one day only. We do not have here a situation comparable to Mahnich v. Southern S.S. Co., 321 U.S. 96 [64 S.Ct. 455, 88 L.Ed. 561], where we overruled a decision demonstrated to be a sport in the law and inconsistent with what preceded and what followed. The Classic case was not the product of hasty action or inadvertence. It was not out of line with the cases which preceded. It was designed to fashion the governing rule of law in this important field. We are not dealing with constitutional interpretations which throughout the history of the Court have wisely remained flexible and subject to frequent re-examination. The meaning which the Classic case gave to the phrase "under color of any law" involved only a construction of the statute. Hence if it states a rule undesirable in its consequences, Congress can change it. We add only to the instability and uncertainty of the law if we revise the meaning of § 20 [18 U.S.C. § 242] to meet the *1386 exigencies of each case coming before us.
Congress did not act after Screws to change that rule. Monroe, 365 U.S. at 186, 81 S.Ct. at 483; and see Harlan, J., concurring, id. at 192, 81 S.Ct. at 486-87. Congress has not so acted in the twenty-odd years since Monroe. If principles of stare decisis are to be abandoned because the claimed logic of Parratt's extension requires it, let the Supreme Court do so. This Court will not.
This does not mean this Court subscribes to the views of those that find Justice Rehnquist's opinion reconcilable with such nonextension. In that respect, as Eberle indicated, this Court shares the views later expressed by its colleague Judge Marshall in Begg v. Moffitt, 555 F.Supp. 1344, 1358-60 (N.D.Ill.1983). But if no principled distinction can in fact be made between the defendants' conduct and the plaintiffs' deprivations dealt with in Parratt and in this case, this Court will not apply the analysis of Justice Rehnquist's opinion to the intentional-deprivation-of-liberty situation without a clear signal from a Supreme Court majority (or from Congress by repealing Section 1983).
Like concerns have led Judge Marshall to engage, in Begg, in an extended exegesis of why Justice Rehnquist's procedural due process analysis does not answer the question here. On that score our Court of Appeals has not provided any guidance as to precisely what substantive rights continue to be constitutionally guaranteed, so as to be assertable via Section 1983 though other state procedures may exist. See cases collected in Begg, 555 F.Supp. at 1363-65 n. 60 and State Bank of St. Charles, 712 F.2d at 1147-48. But at a minimum it should seem the teaching of Monroe continues post-Parratt to provide Section 1983 enforcement of freedom from police officers' excessive use of force. Bauer v. Norris, 713 F.2d 408, 411 (8th Cir.1983); see also Lenard v. Argento, 699 F.2d 874, 891 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 104 S.Ct. 69, 78 L.Ed.2d 84 (1983).
Indeed the Supreme Court itself has not applied Justice Rehnquist's analysis in a situation conceptually similar to the present one. Youngberg v. Romeo, 457 U.S. 307, 315-16, 102 S.Ct. 2452, 2458-59, 73 L.Ed.2d 28 (1982) (use of restraints on a mentally retarded patient while confined in a state institution). Youngberg illustrates the relevant question is not what procedures are adequate either before force is used or to redress the wrongful use of force, but rather how much force the state officer can use without overstepping the constitutional line. Begg persuasively argues the Justice Rehnquist analysis has no place in answering that question.
It has consistently been Anton's position that the precise issue in this case is whether that constitutional line was crossed.[6] Feb. 25, 1983 Final Pretrial Order, Agreed Statement of Contested Issues of Fact and Law; Anton Mem. 4; Def.R. Mem. 2. On that subject neither party has tendered any evidence at all, let alone evidence that could establish no genuine issue of material fact exists. In this circumstance, summary judgment is inappropriate under Rule 56(c).[7]
*1387 Conclusion
Defendants' motion for summary judgment is denied. This case will remain on the calendar for early trial.
NOTES
[1] This recitation, drawn from the parties' pleadings and the Feb. 25, 1983 Proposed Final Pretrial Order, implies no findings of fact. No other evidentiary material has been tendered by the parties.
[2] Anton's wife Hazel, fearing Anton might shoot himself, had called the police and given them Anton's description.
[3] Wolf-Lillie v. Sonquist, 699 F.2d 864, 871 (7th Cir.1983) (intentional deprivation of property); Flower Cab Co. v. Petitte, 685 F.2d 192, 193 (7th Cir.1982) (intentional deprivation of property); Ellis v. Hamilton, 669 F.2d 510, 515 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1069, 103 S.Ct. 488, 74 L.Ed.2d 631 (1982) (intentional deprivation of a liberty interest).
[4] Jackson v. City of Joliet, 715 F.2d 1200, 1202 (7th Cir.1983), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 104 S.Ct. 1325, 79 L.Ed.2d 720 (1984) (intimating intentional torts are actionable under Section 1983); State Bank of St. Charles, 712 F.2d at 1144 n. 1, 1147-48 (intimating Parratt does not apply to intentional actions); Vail v. Board of Education of Paris Union School District No. 95, 706 F.2d 1435, 1440-41 (7th Cir.), cert. granted, ___ U.S. ___, 104 S.Ct. 66, 78 L.Ed.2d 81 (1983) (finding Parratt inapplicable to intentional deprivation of property); Madyun v. Thompson, 657 F.2d 868, 873 (7th Cir.1981) (failing to apply Parratt to intentional deprivation of property).
[5] No pun is intended, though United States v. Classic was indeed one of the foundation stones for Monroe.
[6] Contrary to defendants' assertion, whether that line has been crossed is not determined by the standard of Rochin v. California, 342 U.S. 165, 72 S.Ct. 205, 96 L.Ed. 183 (1952), but by a far less stringent one: whether the force used under the circumstances of the case was reasonable. Bauer, 713 F.2d at 412; Clark v. Ziedonis, 513 F.2d 79, 83 (7th Cir.1975).
[7] Anton also argued defendants' motion for summary judgment was inappropriate on the eve of trial and thus should not be considered. Anton has not shown any prejudice occasioned by (nor any bad faith in) this motion, though it was filed a month before the scheduled trial. See Eklund v. Hardiman, 580 F.Supp. 410, 414 (N.D.Ill.1984). Summary judgment is an appropriate motion when it appears no issues of fact remain for trial. To bar litigants from making that motion when trial is one month away could lead to a greater waste of time than to permit the filing of a well-founded motion. In any event, Anton's request to strike the motion is moot.
|
The present invention pertains in general to ion-selective membranes and in particular to insulative layers associated with ion-selective membranes and conductive patterns suitable for fabrication of ion-selective electrodes.
When placed in contact with a solution, ion-selective electrodes provide an electrical output which is a function of the concentration of a particular ion in the solution. In such electrodes an output potential ("Y") is measured between a "sensing element," responsive to the concentration of the particular ion, and a "reference element," held at a constant potential, Y may be plotted against the base 10 logarithm of the concentration of the ion ("X") as a straight line having a slope ("M") and y-axis intercept ("B") as expressed in the Nernst equation: EQU Y=M (log.sub.10 X)+B
Ion-selective electrodes conventionally have an internal reference element of Ag/AgCl immersed in a solution or gel of chloride ion. The chloride ion solution or gel holds the reference element at a constant potential, providing that the chloride concentration and thermodynamic functions, such as temperature and pressure, are held constant. An ion-selective glass or membrane sensing element is placed in contact with the solution or gel to form an interface between the test solution and this internal filling solution. However, this conventional design is complex to manufacture and difficult to miniaturize.
In the fabrication of ion-selective electrodes a major problem is leakage at the interface of the ion-selective membrane and the insulative surface. This leakage causes corrosion and drift of the ion-selective electrode. Various attempts to prevent leakage at the membrane interface are described in the literature. U.S. Pat. No. 4,180,771 describes placing the gate lead on the opposite face of FET device to isolate the ion-sensing area. U.S. Pat. No. 4,449,011 to Kratachvil describes placing an insulating tape around the ion-sensing areas in an attempt to prevent moisture leakage.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,393,130 to Ho et al, provides a dry film photoresist laminate which requires photo processing and etching to form a window around the ion-sensing areas for placement of the ion-selective membrane. A process for encapsulating ion-selective electrodes with thixotropic material having a window for an ion-selective membrane is also disclosed.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,456,522 and 4,486,292 to Blackburn describe a method for spinning a polyimide layer onto a conductor which is then chemically etched to leave a floating polyimide mesh. The mesh provides a physical support for a polymeric ion-selective membrane.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,454,007 to Pace describes a system whereby the ion-selective membrane is anchored to a conductor by intersolubilization. However, moisture may penetrate between the membrane and insulating layers to corrode the contacts.
In all these cases effective anchoring of the ion-selective membrane and insulation of the conductors are not achieved. Therefore, new systems for anchoring ion-selective membranes are desirable. The present invention describes a system comprising a plurality of insulative layers deposited over the substrate where at least a portion of one of the layers is intersolubilized with ion-selective membrane. This system is effective for preventing leakage between the membrane and the insulating layers. |
Q:
Change AlertifyJS message background color
I need to change the background color of the message popup since it's difficult to read (white notification on white site background)
I've seen here how to customize the custom message using
// .ajs-message.ajs-custom { color: #31708f; background-color: #d9edf7; border-color: #31708f; }
how do I customize the message one?
My code is alertify.message(e.response.Message, 5);
A:
The default message uses the class named .ajs-message. If you don't want to use a custom class as per the link you shared, then override the default message class:
/* css overrides */
.ajs-message { color: #31708f; background-color: #d9edf7; border-color: #31708f; }
|
/*
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2015 Max Konovalov
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
*/
import UIKit
@objc(MKRingProgressViewStyle)
public enum RingProgressViewStyle: Int {
case round
case square
}
@IBDesignable
@objc(MKRingProgressView)
open class RingProgressView: UIView {
/// The start color of the progress ring.
@IBInspectable open var startColor: UIColor {
get {
return UIColor(cgColor: ringProgressLayer.startColor)
}
set {
ringProgressLayer.startColor = newValue.cgColor
}
}
/// The end color of the progress ring.
@IBInspectable open var endColor: UIColor {
get {
return UIColor(cgColor: ringProgressLayer.endColor)
}
set {
ringProgressLayer.endColor = newValue.cgColor
}
}
/// The color of backdrop circle, visible at progress values between 0.0 and 1.0.
/// If not specified, `startColor` with 15% opacity will be used.
@IBInspectable open var backgroundRingColor: UIColor? {
get {
if let color = ringProgressLayer.backgroundRingColor {
return UIColor(cgColor: color)
}
return nil
}
set {
ringProgressLayer.backgroundRingColor = newValue?.cgColor
}
}
/// The width of the progress ring. Defaults to `20`.
@IBInspectable open var ringWidth: CGFloat {
get {
return ringProgressLayer.ringWidth
}
set {
ringProgressLayer.ringWidth = newValue
}
}
/// The style of the progress line end. Defaults to `round`.
@objc open var style: RingProgressViewStyle {
get {
return ringProgressLayer.progressStyle
}
set {
ringProgressLayer.progressStyle = newValue
}
}
/// The opacity of the shadow below progress line end. Defaults to `1.0`.
/// Values outside the [0,1] range will be clamped.
@IBInspectable open var shadowOpacity: CGFloat {
get {
return ringProgressLayer.endShadowOpacity
}
set {
ringProgressLayer.endShadowOpacity = newValue
}
}
/// Whether or not to hide the progress ring when progress is zero. Defaults to `false`.
@IBInspectable open var hidesRingForZeroProgress: Bool {
get {
return ringProgressLayer.hidesRingForZeroProgress
}
set {
ringProgressLayer.hidesRingForZeroProgress = newValue
}
}
/// The Antialiasing switch. Defaults to `true`.
@IBInspectable open var allowsAntialiasing: Bool {
get {
return ringProgressLayer.allowsAntialiasing
}
set {
ringProgressLayer.allowsAntialiasing = newValue
}
}
/// The scale of the generated gradient image.
/// Use lower values for better performance and higher values for more precise gradients.
@IBInspectable open var gradientImageScale: CGFloat {
get {
return ringProgressLayer.gradientImageScale
}
set {
ringProgressLayer.gradientImageScale = newValue
}
}
/// The progress. Can be any nonnegative number, every whole number corresponding to one full revolution, i.e. 1.0 -> 360°, 2.0 -> 720°, etc. Defaults to `0.0`. Animatable.
@IBInspectable open var progress: Double {
get {
return Double(ringProgressLayer.progress)
}
set {
ringProgressLayer.progress = CGFloat(newValue)
}
}
open override class var layerClass: AnyClass {
return RingProgressLayer.self
}
private var ringProgressLayer: RingProgressLayer {
return layer as! RingProgressLayer
}
public override init(frame: CGRect) {
super.init(frame: frame)
setup()
}
public required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
super.init(coder: aDecoder)
setup()
}
init() {
super.init(frame: .zero)
setup()
}
private func setup() {
layer.drawsAsynchronously = true
layer.contentsScale = UIScreen.main.scale
isAccessibilityElement = true
#if swift(>=4.2)
accessibilityTraits = UIAccessibilityTraits.updatesFrequently
#else
accessibilityTraits = UIAccessibilityTraitUpdatesFrequently
#endif
accessibilityLabel = "Ring progress"
}
open override func prepareForInterfaceBuilder() {
super.prepareForInterfaceBuilder()
ringProgressLayer.disableProgressAnimation = true
}
// MARK: Accessibility
private var overriddenAccessibilityValue: String?
open override var accessibilityValue: String? {
get {
if let override = overriddenAccessibilityValue {
return override
}
return String(format: "%.f%%", progress * 100)
}
set {
overriddenAccessibilityValue = newValue
}
}
}
|
Introduction
============
A breast imaging report is a key component of the breast cancer diagnostic process. The report must be clear and concise to avoid ambiguity and confusion. However, substantial variation in the information provided in a breast imaging report is not uncommon to see. We sought to develop a report template containing a summary of all essential information pertinent to the surgeons and the radiologists.
Methods
=======
Breast surgeons and radiologists were consulted as to what was required in a report and they stated breast density, correlation with clinical findings, lesion characteristics, R1−R5 category, site and size of lesion, and is clinical area of concern biopsied. A retrospective audit of 30 breast imaging reports of recently diagnosed carcinomas between October 2014 and January 2015 were reviewed to see if these were recorded.
Results
=======
Ten per cent of reports did not mention breast density. The most frequent information provided is lesion size (ultrasound 100 %, mammography 73 %). Correlation with referral was unclear in 10 %, R1−R5 category not given in 3 %. Site of lesion was not provided in 3 %. Seven per cent of the reports were 3−4 pages long, described as confusing and difficult to read by the two data extractors. Thirty per cent of reports were not separated into mammography/ultrasound/biopsy sections. There were 23 different ways of characterising lesions on mammography and 24 on ultrasound.
Conclusion
==========
The audit highlighted the need for a breast reporting template that met the needs of the clinicians to ensure the relevant facts were included to further improve the patient pathway.
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Pulmonary function and hypoxic ventilatory response in subjects susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary edema.
To determine if spirometric changes reflect early high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) formation, we measured the FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75 serially during the short-term period following simulated altitude exposure (4,400 m) in eight male subjects, four with a history of HAPE and four control subjects who had never experienced HAPE. Three of the four HAPE-susceptible subjects developed acute mountain sickness (AMS), based on their positive Environmental Symptom Questionnaire (AMS-C) scores. Clinical signs and symptoms of mild pulmonary edema developed in two of the three subjects with AMS after 4 h of exposure, which prompted their removal from the chamber. Their spirometry showed small decreases in FVC and greater decreases in FEV1 and FEF25-75 after arrival at high altitude in the presence of rales or wheezing on clinical examination and normal chest radiographs. One of the two subjects had desaturation (59 percent) and tachycardia during mild exercise, and excessive fatigue and inability to complete the exercise protocol developed in the other at 4 h. The six other subjects had minimal changes in spirometry and did not develop signs of lung edema. Further, we measured each subject's ventilatory response to hypoxia (HVR) prior to decompression to determine whether the HVR would predict the development of altitude illness in susceptible subjects. In contrast to anticipated results, high ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia, supported by increased ventilation during exposure to high altitude, occurred in the two subjects in whom symptoms of HAPE developed. The results confirm that HAPE can occur in susceptible individuals despite the presence of a normal or high ventilatory response to hypoxia. |
This calculator has been verified based on real experience during first year of operations with 1.2kW solar array that produces 1459 kWh/year near Orangeville Ontario, facing due south, panels at 35 degree from horizontal, Sharp 120 (ND123U1 module) watt panels. Daily output determined by using the following multiplier 1459 (actual kWh/year) divided by 1200 (rated kWh) creating a multiplier of 1216/year. In order to calculate daily output the formula Systems size x 1216 (multiplier) / 365 (days in a year) is used as an estimate. A default multiplier if 1150 is used as a more conservative estimate as provided by my solar system provider. All other calculations are based on this estimate. Actual output year to year on this system will vary. Each systems output will vary depending upon the efficiency of the panels, the orientation variation and many other factors. This calculator should only be used to provide rough conservative estimates. The multiplier includes the typical maximum 80% loss in output within the first 20 years.
Module efficiency defaults to 14.13% which is the value for the Sharp panels used as a benchmark. This calculator allows you to put in your own values for Module efficiency and Multiplier. The calculator does not change the multiplier input if you increase the efficiency value input. Increasing, for example, the module efficiency value adds that percentage the output equations. So if by default the multiplier is set to 1150 while the module efficiency is increased to 17% from the default 14%, then the daily output is increased by 3%. This suggests you should only change the Output multiplier or the Module efficiency in order to estimate the difference in comparison to the model Sharp panels used for the default values. Leave the Module efficiency at 14.13 if you are changing the Output multiplier.
Square footage is based on the Sharp 120 watt solar panel (26.1" x 59") as used in the project that provides the basis for these calculations. Since panels are mounted at a 35 degree angle the square footage is partially vertical and so exaggerates the total square footage required to mount the panels.
Borrowing costs and monthly bottom line are based on nominal annual rate input. Borrowing costs are a mortgage rate calculation with principle based on percentage of overall cost input, interest rate of the mortgage as input and amortization period as input. The idea would be to get a Home Equity Line of Credit based on a long term amortization and flexible repayment options and a good interest rate. Calculations based on information from - http://www.yorku.ca/amarshal/mortgage.htm. CONFIRM YOUR BORROWING COSTS WITH YOUR OWN CALCULATOR.
Break even does not take into account the cost of borrowing money.
Inflation is not taken into account.
NPV is net present value - for calculation details see Net Present Value calculation on Wikipedia. I've done the cash flows for 40 years. If NPV is negative it suggests this may not be a good financial investement.
The discount rate (the rate of return that could be earned on an investment in the financial markets with similar risk.)
Larger solar array sizes will likely have lower overall production levels that this calculator shows by default since there are more areas within a large array for efficiency losses. See the Exhibition Place Horse Palace 100 kW array example for good detailed analysis. Reducing the efficiency parameter in our calculator may be a way of anticipating these losses. According to this example an annual output of a 45 kW Sharp solar array would be 45,000 annually. You may need to reduce the efficiency number in the calculator to match this number more closely for a conservative estimate (keep in mind though that there were some other problems at the Horse Palace and the panels were at 20 degrees angle, rather than the more optimal 32 degrees for Toronto and off azimuth to direct south as well).
Another reference example was provided in an article in the Toronto Star. "What does this mean for homeowners looking to take advantage of the new pricing? The Ministry of Energy estimates that a homeowner who wants to install, for example, three kilowatts of solar PV can expect to pay around $30,000 for the panels, equipment and installation."This would provide enough electricity to meet one third of their consumption and would generate about $7 per day," according to a ministry backgrounder. "This payment would result in approximately $2,500 in revenue per year for the homeowner, resulting in about a 12-year payback."To be clear, the solar electricity a residential system generates isn't consumed by the home. All of the power is fed into the electricity distribution system outside your home. Homeowners, in essence, become power generators. Every single kilowatt-hour that's produced generates 80.2 cents worth of revenue for the homeowner.Let's fact check the government's numbers. According to a 2006 federal study, the average one-kilowatt rooftop PV system in Toronto would generate 1,161 kilowatt-hours per year. At 80.2 cents per kilowatt-hour, that works out to $931 annually. A three-kilowatt system would therefore earn $2,793 a year.At $30,000 for such a system, divided by $2,793, it works out to a payback of just under 11 years (excluding interest you may have to pay on the initial capital cost). It means that the remaining nine years in the 20-year contract with the power authority would pay out an additional $25,000 for the homeowner." - Tyler Hamilton, Toronto Star, March 23, 2009, Solar-power feed tariffs windfall for homeowners
If you are planning to invest in solar PV in Ontario, read the Community Action Manual put out by Ontario Sustainable Energy Association (OSEA).
Future electricity rate. After 20 years it is assumed that the panels will continue to produce at 50% of rated output used for first 20 years and that the future electricity rate (default value) will be 12 cents/kW (approximately double current rates in Ontario). It can be expected that the solar panels will continue to produce electricity for 40 to 60 years.
Ontario Feed-in Tariff (FIT) contracts are currently for 20 years at a fixed rate of 80.2 cents/kW for solar PV under 10kW (as of Nov 15, 2009, see the OPA web site for update information on contract terms, rules and current rates).
Two types of meter cofiguration are possible with a small MicroFIT configuration. Series meter connections have the generation meter behind the consumption meter and before your electricial panel. In this configuration the OEB has ruled that the LDC must use a "gross load billing" calculation that accounts for the fact that you use the generated electricity before it goes onto the grid and so the amount you use must be added to your consumption amount (this, in effect, reduces your FIT rate by the current price of consumption electricity for the proportion that you consume, while the portion generated in excess of that consumed would be at the full FIT rate, thus making it a good idea to partially reduce the FIT rate in series connection scenarios). Parallel meter connections would not have the gross load billing applied.
Delivered electricity rate refers to the combination of electricity (commodity), plus delivery and taxes, you pay to actually consume electricity via the grid. The other version of this to look at would be what will the rate be in 10 years? |
LAS VEGAS – Police arrested a Las Vegas mother after investigators searching for a missing toddler found the body of a young girl in a duffel bag at the woman’s apartment Thursday night, authorities said.
Aisha Thomas is seen in a booking photo released by Las Vegas police.
Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department Homicide Lt. Ray Spencer said the girl was reported missing just before 9 p.m. on the 6800 block of East Lake Mead Boulevard near Hollywood Boulevard.
According to initial reports, the mother, identified as 29-year-old Aisha Thomas, was walking to Albertson’s with her four children and was on the phone when one of her kids wandered off and went missing, Las Vegas television station KVVU reported.
Detectives from Metro police’s Missing Persons Detail responded and began searching the neighborhood.
Detectives set up a command post in the parking lot of the Albertson’s for additional resources, Spencer said.
Meanwhile, officers began looking for the girl inside Thomas’s apartment, but they were unable to find the child at first.
Officers then conducted a second search since Thomas’s story began showing inconsistencies, according to Spencer. During the second search, police noticed a heavy duffel bag inside the master bedroom’s closet that was “emitting a mildew smell.”
They found garbage bags when they opened the duffel bag, Spencer said. They opened the bags and found the body of the missing 3-year-old.
Thomas was arrested on suspicion of murder, Las Vegas police said. The other three children were placed in the care of Child Protective Services. According to Spencer, police believe the girl was killed within the last three days.
Four days ago, the girl’s father had been arrested after a domestic violence call was placed, according to Spencer. |
The effect of practice and temporal location of knowledge of results on the motor performance of older adults.
An investigation was conducted to compare the effect of practice on the motor performance of older adults with that of college-aged adults. The temporal location of knowledge of results was varied during the practice in an attempt to ascertain the relationship between information storage/processing capacity and practice effect. Analysis of variance revealed motor performance proficiency differences favoring the younger adults but no difference between age groups in the pattern of performance change associated with practice. The proficiency differences could partially be explained in terms of older adults' information processing limitations. |
Reproductive conflicts affect labor and immune defense in the queenless ant Diacamma sp. "nilgiri".
In many species of social Hymenoptera, totipotency of workers induces potential conflicts over reproduction. However, actual conflicts remain rare despite the existence of a high reproductive skew. One of the current hypotheses assumes that conflicts are costly and thus selected against. We studied the costs of conflicts in 20 colonies of the queenless ant Diacamma sp. "nilgiri" by testing the effects of conflicts on labor and worker immunocompetence, two parameters closely linked to the indirect fitness of workers. In this species, the dominant female is the only mated worker (gamergate) and monopolizes reproduction. We experimentally induced conflicts by splitting each colony into two groups, a control group containing the gamergate and an orphaned group displaying aggressions until a new dominant worker arises. Immunocompetence was assessed by the clearance of Escherichia coli bacteria that we injected into the ants. Time budget analysis revealed a lower rate of labor and especially brood care in orphaned groups, supporting the existence of a cost of conflicts on labor. Fifteen days after splitting, a lower immunocompetence was also found in orphaned groups, which concerned workers involved and not involved in conflicts. We propose that this immunosuppression induced by conflicts could stem from stress and not directly from aggression. |
There is a slight change with the BGL.cfg file. The remote logging IP
has changed, so make sure you get the new BGL.cfg file from the Files page. That is the only change.
This also means the logging IP for the BG Tracker has changed as well. So if your server was sending data to the BG Tracker, make sure you update your server CFG file accordingly. You can find more specific information on the Tracker's About page.
Update: Since I first posted this the address has changed again. It is now bgl.dajoob.com. It shouldn't have to be updated again after this, as bgl.dajoob.com can just point to a new IP if the IP ever changes again. |
[Assay validation for determining nitrites and nitrates in biological fluids].
Nitric oxide is an important modulator of numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. An indirect form to detect NO production has been the quantification of its stable end products, nitrites and nitrates (NO2- + NO3-). These metabolites can be detected with a commercial kit, but it is somewhat expensive and not accessible to some laboratories in our country. To validate an easy, accessible and less expensive assay for detecting nitrates and nitrites in biological fluids. In this study we determined nitrates and nitrites by reducing nitrates enzymatically with nitrate reductase, followed by nitrites quantification using the Griess reagent. To validate the assay, NO3- concentration was evaluated in aliquots with known amounts of sodium nitrate, also NO2- + NO3- concentrations were detected in plasma containing known amounts of sodium nitrate, finally NO2- + NO3- levels were evaluated in plasma (n = 17) and ascites (n = 11) samples of cirrhotic patients. In samples of patients, NO2- + NO3- levels were also detected by using a commercial kit. The assay that we describe here detects nitrates in the range between 25 to 400 microM/L and nitrites between 25 to 100 microM/L. When specific concentrations of nitrates were added to plasma samples, the recovery percentage in most cases was greater than 95%. In plasma samples of cirrhotic patients, average concentrations of NO2- + NO3- was 44.6 +/- 22.4 microM (mean +/- SD), similar to that found using the commercial kit, 40.9 +/- 18.3 microM/L (p = 0.107). In ascitis samples, similar results using both methods were seen, 64.5 +/- 42.0 vs. 58.2 +/- 39.3 microM/L (p = 0.172) respectively. Our results suggest that the method described here could be considered as an alternative instead of commercial kits to determine NO2- + NO3- in plasma and ascites samples. In addition, this assay results more attractive because, it does not, require special equipment, it is very accessible to most laboratories, it may be use to assay one or more samples at any given time, but the most important advantage, is its cost effectiveness; thus each sample determination is about one fifth of the cost using the commercial kit. |
Feature request list from its user:
- 8 bar sequencer
- Pattern chaining
- Option for sequencer to follow key changes from keyboard
- A software editor for sounds/sequences
- Use pitch or mod wheel (or shift + volume knob) for data entry
- Improve patch librarian and make it possible to access USB stick in situ
- Equivalent MIDI and USB functionality
- 8x8 Menu based Mod Matrix
- Global delay with send per part (like the reverb functions)
- CV and Gate to be assignable as inputs as well as outputs
|
The structure of cults has always been an object of fascination within media and pop culture, particularly (and seemingly inevitably) when the group turns to violent actions to further drive a flawed and delusional belief system. Intrinsically, these groups are not structured to thrive in a modern day society to the point of being considered normal (even looking at modern globally relevant organization), with members often perceived as flawed or taken advantage of. “Believers”, which was inspired by both the “The Aum Shinrikyo” and the “Japanese Red Army” focuses the cult mentality on three individuals undergoing a spiritual program, which is based around self sufficiency on an island.
Buy This
Each character within “Believers” has been stripped of name, instead given a title and ranking. This mimics a common technique of destroying any sense of identity and replacing it only with a structure of command through entitlement. At the top is the ‘chairman’, the one who is supposed to be closest to the teachings of the ‘master’ and an authority figure that dictates rituals to the underlings ‘vice chairperson’ and ‘operator’. Unsurprisingly, this system becomes abused, degrading into (essentially) violence and torture. At first the abuse is minimal and falls more within the cult’s ideologies, but as they begin to run out of food, coupled with the two lower ranking members beginning a sexual relationship, the ‘chairman’ begins to abuse his role in order to take the female subordinate as his own partner. Overall, “Believers” presents the harrowing microcosm of the inherited abuse structure of cult mentality by focusing on three members.
The manga, while encapsulating the functions of a large corrupt cult, also offers up another interesting narrative view in presenting a dying cult. When we are first introduced to the characters, they are running out of food and drinking water, with deliveries rarely coming, and almost unusable when they do arrive, hints at problems with the supply chain. Additionally, a magazine comes to shore which contains news on the dissolution of their cult, and later passengers from a capsized boat tell them of their leader being under sexual abuse allegations. What makes this angle fascinating is getting the perspective of those being ‘left behind’ and having to deal with the internal strife caused by being abandoned by, what is essentially, their god. Ultimately, almost all cults have their surviving members (i.e. “Jonestown” having a division outside of the compound at the time of the mass suicide), and the stories from survivors paint a fascinating portrait of a largely incomprehensible existence. “Believers” does an admirable job of covering the fallout in a way that feels genuine, at least in researching cult mentality.
As engaging as the narrative is, it is not without faults, most notably within creating a proper definition of the cult. Their belief system remain vague, largely in part to an interesting approach from Yamamoto, which starts the manga with the caveat that certain words are in fact so unique to the cult, that he decided to sub in appropriate translations, but that the reader can apply their own words within certain highlighted text. At first this choice adds some intrigue, but as certain terms become overused such as ‘dream’ and ‘purification’, the concept of them being an abstract concept to these individuals begins to devalue the language. This does become somewhat reflective of brainwashing systems that make followers subservient, much in the way of devaluation through removing names. However, it still feels a bit awkward in execution and becomes more of an annoyance as the story progresses.
The plot also presents some undesirable means of trying to convey its message, within a later chapter that shoehorns in the cults history. With a story which relies on fascination in the process and an organization which could be every or any cult, this seems rather unnecessary and negates the idea of the self interpretation from the reader. Thankfully, the conclusion is masterfully handled (not to be spoiled) and kind of sugar coats the awkward backstory in the previous chapter.
“Believers” is not strongly defined by its visual style, which feels slightly crude and almost rushed in points. However, it is notable that this project was completed by Yamaoto without any assistants helping him in the process. One aspect of the art that seems well explored is the erotic , which does capture the desperation of pent up sexual frustration over a long period of time. It explores this by putting forth many panels focused on physical interaction leading up to and including sex acts. Even through censorship, the importance of the erotic aspects of the manga is apparent in the artistic approach, as it is also a key factor in exploring the dissolution of the cult.
“Believers” is by no means a masterpiece, with a narrative that can be oversimplified and containing unnecessary narrative shifts. The artwork is also rather uninspiring, even when giving some understanding towards the process. However, there is a lot within the concept of representing cults that is fascinating and gives the impression that Yamamoto took great care in research to try accurately present the inner workings of cult mentality. The work also explores various genres with elements of, horror, romance, drama and eroticism, with all of them being well balanced. The manga will also hold appeal towards those who have an interest in cults, which includes myself (studying not participating). There is a lot to enjoy about this obscure manga, and having read it many years agom a lot of the imagery and plots really stuck with me, particularly the ending which leaves with a strong, albeit tragic, portrait of a mind in ruin. “Believers” is a manga that deserves a wider audience. |
Hello Lee, When I first began my quest for a healthy lifestyle I put a star on a wall calendar and wrote how many days in a row I had taken a walk. There were plenty of days in those early days when I took a walk simply to earn a star and not break a streak. Now that can be done here at SP. I fell in love with all the benefits of workouts and actually now anticipate them. For nine years I tracked every morsel of food I ate here on Sparkpeople and still track (automatically) my workouts by wearing a BodyMedia Fit monitor. Previously I used a HRM. I still randomly track a day's worth of nutrition now and then just to make certain I am doing what I think I am doing calorie and nutrient wise. I am reminded by BMF to measure once a week and that is typically what I have always done. Like you I do notice fluctuations and do sometimes weigh more often that once a week. I randomly take tape measurements but mostly go by how my clothes fit and make certain to wear my 'skinny' jeans at least once a week so nothing sneaks back up on me The important things you are doing are staying engaged, being resolved and being intelligent about what works for you. I do think the strategies you mentioned will help others so Thank you again for sharing. .....and Happy Dance on your successes
Therefore on my route to losing over 100 pounds (I've still got about 20 to go), I have found that measurement of what I eat and drink, and exactly what exercises I do, and how long I do them, is the key.
To this end, I have:
Positioned 3x5 slips of paper, in every place that may lead to inpu, including my office, the kitchen and the den. (I have a smart phone, but input is slower, and I only tend to use that at restaurants.)
For workouts I have a checklist with all parameters, and places for notes on ease, aches, and changes required. (This is important not only for recording for Spark, and progress, but also for avoiding overdoing it.)
BTW, I weigh myself, every AM, and despite the seemingly random fluctuations, I find this useful, keeping me on track.
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Mostly because it draws the content and sharing layers together, which is what must happen.
Honestly, I haven't had time to allocate to figuring out the changes to GReader, so I'm neutral as to it being better/worse from a user experience standpoint. I would put myself right up there with Louis Gray and Marshall Kirkpatrick when it comes to information discovery and consumption.
For reference, a post I wrote about how I use Google Reader. That was before iPad and many applications I now integrate in my reading, learning, and sharing habits.
Here's why this change is good
The share layer will follow what you consume. It will also be where you create, communicate, and schedule. The best part is that they share your data about activity with you. Brilliant.
The transition is going to be a bit rocky. Google is a technology company filled with very smart engineers, which is only now looking to increase its exposure with users beyond the search box.
From what I have seen on Google+, they are dedicating resources to learning with users. They are listening, there is evidence in your G+, unless you're hiding under a rock, and they have been pretty fast on rolling out features on a live network.
So although they could do a better job with designing the experience with the need for manual circles, for example, I hope Google pulls it off, because it kicks Zuckerberg's gilded prison doors down.
Where goog execution comes in
A deliberate play on words because Google is a business and has a model. Which is what businesses need to trade promises. What does Google trade? That is the main question you need to ask to understand execution.
From where I sit, it has lots and lots of assets it can put together in many different ways and trade. From back end analytics and data to front end real estate for ads, to upstream and downstream relationships, customers, internal activities, the data itself, etc.
Do no evil is known as their brand promise. Brand is one asset, not the only one. Is Google looking for greater market penetration and willingly trading the brand experience of Google Reader for greater flows? That is one possibility.
Indeed, having 7 days warning for a product used for over 5 years, where many of us have built communities of sharing is not much time. See that image up there? The transition so far is not smooth. Smoothness is key to achieve lock-in.
I do agree with Dan Thornton in the comment to Gray's post: with 70% of the RSS Reader market, it's not only going to affect what may be a small group who used Reader professionally in this way, but it's going to have implications for RSS as a whole. I'm now wondering whether Feedburner will be next on the chopping block and if I should start moving my feeds now.
It seems it would have made trade sense to migrate the sharing functionality to G+ -- established sharing patterns between users and Adwords for RSS advertising were also two good ways to continue earning trust.
There is a caveat, though. When you started using Google Reader, did Google ever promise it would not take it away or change it?
In this case, it's the buyer who did not have a sound strategy. We bought something, integrated it into our business model and relied on the seller (in this case Google) to maintain feature sets without a promise it would. Something to think about.
+++
The biggest opportunity with social is to turn buyers into customers (an asset) by closing the gap between what was promised and what was delivered. It's no different with Google. Deliberately breaking a promise increases the risk to a brand (also an asset).
A few days ago, everyone was talking about Google+ adding ripples, which is the ability to visualize who shares your post. What nobody was looking at was how you get the information and content there in the first place.
Is this good trade? Only Google can answer that.
+++
I started a circle for business/technology conversations. There are 45 people there, so far only three are participating in threads, and nobody besides me has shared even though I shared the circle. For people who did not use FriendFeed, Google+ is not as easy and intuitive to use, apparently.
Do you use Google+? Where are you stumbling blocks if you do? Is the reason you're not using it that you're already maxed out in other social networks?
TrackBack
Comments
I like the idea of G+ more than I have liked its execution. Of all the networks, it is most cumbersome to add people and follow conversation, because there is more to digest.
Twitter and Facebook both allow me to assess at a glance whether a person would be a good fit to add to my network. With G+ I need to scroll through a stream as well as a separate About page to get a feel for the person who has added me. (BTW, most of the people adding me are those I feel I have very little in common with, based on what they're sharing through the circle they've put me in.)
After I have added people, I am still taking considerable time to scroll through a circle's stream. That would seem to indicate I need more tightly focused circles. But how much time do I want to spend creating and then maintaining many circles? Perhaps I am better off following fewer people overall on G+?
Or different people... which may necessitate figuring out different content to share, or being more thoughtful about that content. Thus G+ may require much less of a "take it or leave it" approach to sharing than either Twitter or Facebook. Even so, coming up with more thoughtful conversation means... spending more time. For that, I'd need to figure out how to make it pay, intangibly if not monetarily. At the moment, that isn't happening to the extent it does with Twitter or email.
It would be unfair to oneself to compare Google+ to Facebook or Twitter, for it would limit ones vision to the possibilities.
Changes that are made in a week at this time might change in a matter of days in the future. The Google Reader changes are not as catastrophic as some "pundits" led their readers to believe - of course, they didn't read the full post put out by Google either, so . . .
I think the limits and hurdles folks face in using Google+ is the folks themselves, not Google+
It's not apples-to-apples, nor even apples-to-oranges. If Facebook is an orange and Twitter is an apple, Google+ is a shopping cart that holds them. |
CHENNAI: The number of medically terminated pregnancies (MTP) in the city has increased from 10,293 in 2011 to 13,374 in 2015, revealed an RTI filed by OnlineRTI.com. As many as 59,991 pregnancies were legally terminated in the city since 2011.The RTI reply said most abortions were to protect the physical or mental health of the women. Failure of contraceptives, forced pregnancies through rape and unplanned pregnancies are the other reasons. These figures do not include women who go to unregistered centres or those who opt for abortion pills. Experts are worried by the rise in number of abortions since the child sex ratio in Chennai has declined from 972 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 to 950 in 2011. “The ideal sex ratio is 980:1,000. There is a decline in the number of girls because of illegal abortion,“said M Jeeva, state coordinator of Campaign Against Sex Selective Abortion.“The rise in abortions could be because medical termination is now more accessible. Cases could range from danger to the woman's health or when couples suffer contraceptive failure. Many unmarried couples also approach us,“ said gynaecologist Dr Radha Bai Prabhu.Many experts feel that the number of abortions have been on the rise after emergency contraception pills were taken off pharmacy shelves by the government 10 years ago. This trend yet again raises the necessity for access to safe contraceptive options for couples, they said. Corporation officials, on the other hand, say a rise in population and a better reporting system could be the reasons behind the high numbers. “The rise in abortions has nothing to do with sex-determination,“ a corporation official said.A J Hariharan, founder of NGO Indian Community Welfare Organisation, said sex education is a must for teenagers and adults. “Many are unaware about the legal aspects and approach local clinics to terminate pregnancy,“ he said. Indian Medical Associa tion state president Dr S Damodaran said unmarried pregnant women, who wish to undergo abortion, should be careful. “It's risky to go to illegal clinics. The proposed Clinical Establishment (Regularisation and Registration) Act 2010, will help shut such illegal units.“According to Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (MTP), 1971, abortions are allowed only up to 20 weeks after conception. “One should terminate a pregnancy under proper medical supervision,“ a doctor said. |
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</section>
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|
Q:
jQuery "blinking highlight" effect on div?
I'm looking for a way to do the following.
I add a <div> to a page, and an ajax callback returns some value. The <div> is filled with values from the ajax call, and the <div> is then prepended to another <div>, which acts as a table column.
I would like to get the user's attention, to show her/him that there is something new on the page.
I want the <div> to blink, not show/hide, but to highlight/unhighlight for some time, lets say 5 seconds.
I have been looking at the blink plugin, but as far as I can see it only does show/hide on an element.
Btw, the solution has to be cross-browser, and yes, IE unfortunately included. I will probably have to hack a little to get it working in IE, but overall it has to work.
A:
jQuery UI Highlight Effect is what you're looking for.
$("div").click(function () {
$(this).effect("highlight", {}, 3000);
});
The documentation and demo can be found here
Edit:
Maybe the jQuery UI Pulsate Effect is more appropriate, see here
Edit #2:
To adjust the opacity you could do this:
$("div").click(function() {
// do fading 3 times
for(i=0;i<3;i++) {
$(this).fadeTo('slow', 0.5).fadeTo('slow', 1.0);
}
});
...so it won't go any lower than 50% opacity.
A:
Take a look at http://jqueryui.com/demos/effect/. It has an effect named pulsate that will do exactly what you want.
$("#trigger").change(function() {$("#div_you_want_to_blink").effect("pulsate");});
A:
This is a custom blink effect I created, which uses setInterval and fadeTo
HTML -
<div id="box">Box</div>
JS -
setInterval(function(){blink()}, 1000);
function blink() {
$("#box").fadeTo(100, 0.1).fadeTo(200, 1.0);
}
As simple as it gets.
http://jsfiddle.net/Ajey/25Wfn/
|
Humbling the bumbling, encumbering numbering
One senses some pent-up frustration early in Catholic University of America (CUA) history professor Jerry Z. Muller’s new book, The Tyranny of Metrics. As chair of CUA’s history department, he had to satisfy a regional accreditor’s demands for more data as part of the university’s crucial re-accrediting process.
“Soon, I found my time increasingly devoted to answering queries for more and more statistical information about the activities of the department,” Muller writes, “which diverted my time from tasks such as research, teaching, and mentoring faculty.” There were new scales for evaluation, adding no useful information to the old measuring instruments. Then there were data specialists and reports with spreadsheets, pursuing the most-recent managerial “best practices.” “[D]epartment chairs found themselves in a sort of data arms race,” he laments.
Unless you’re maybe a systems analyst or accountant, perhaps you’ve felt a similar frustration in your field or where you work.
Muller was able to research and write a very engaging and accessible book about it. The Tyranny of Metrics lets those who’ve felt the same frustration know they’re not alone. He describes “metric fixation” in several contexts, with short exemplary case studies—including from college and universities, schools, medicine, policing, the military, business and finance, and philanthropy and foreign aid. Depending on what you do, maybe you could add a case-study area or two.
In most fields, there are things that can be measured but might not be worth measuring, Muller readily, and repeatedly, concedes in the book.
But what can be measured is not always worth measuring; what gets measured may have no relationship to what we really want to know. The costs of measuring may be greater than the benefits. The things that get measured may draw effort away from the things we really care about. And measurement may provide us with distorted knowledge—knowledge that seems solid but is actually deceptive.
Recurring flaws
From the study of all his areas, Muller lists specific recurring flaws of metric dysfunction:
1.measuring only that which is the most easily measurable;
2.“measuring the simple when the desired outcome is complex;”
3. “[m]easuring inputs rather than outcomes;”
4.“[d]egrading information quality through standardization” (“nothing does more to create the appearance of certain knowledge than expressing it in numerical form”);
5. gaming through “creaming,” to make it easier to reach the numeric goal;
6. “[i]mproving numbers by lowering standards;”
7.“[i]mproving numbers through omission or distortion of data;” and,
8. plain old cheating. (pp. 23-25)
These all generally sound like quite-familiar challenges. From my professional experience in philanthropy—there sure seems to be, “unintended negative consequences of trying to substitute standardized measures of performance for personal judgment based on experience.”
Muller examined the trend of charitable foundations measuring and publicizing the percentage of recipient charities budgets that are devoted to administrative and fundraising costs—“overhead” or “indirect” expenses” —as opposed to its activities or programs. The online GuideStar service helps givers do this, for example, and individual givers sometimes demand this data on their own, as well.
“What gets measured is what is most easily measured, and since the outcomes of charitable organizations are more difficult to measure than their inputs, it is the inputs that get the attention,” he concludes. “For most charities, equating low overhead with higher productivity is not only deceptive but downright counterproductive. … [T]he assumption that the effectiveness of charities is inversely proportional to their overhead expenses leads to underspending on overhead and the degradation of organizational capacities ….”
Someone, preferably someone with or informed by Muller’s common-sense outlook, should conduct similar studies of the use of metrics in philanthropy, overall or programmatically. All eight of his specific recurring flaws occur there and the nonprofit sector would benefit overall from such new knowledge.
A stronger initial insistence on metrics might have prevented the kind of patient conservative grantmaking that gave rise to the successful school-choice and charter-school reforms at the K-12 level, for instance. Data “proving” progress didn’t come quickly; luckily, patience in the face of demands for data provided an opportunity for the policy to advance, albeit incrementally.
From the same standpoint of a conservative policy-oriented giver, have metrics yielded success in furthering higher-education reform, work-based welfare reform, individualized Social Security accounts, free-market environmentalism? How about limited government and the rule of law? Have they helped change the culture, which some givers see as their aim?
If so, how? If not, why not?
Questions and reminders
Muller provides a checklist of questions and reminders, either for any such ex post study or for any prospective use of metrics by and for givers:
1. “[w]hat kind of information are you thinking of measuring?;”
2.“[h]ow useful is the information?;”
3. “[h]ow useful are more metrics?;”
4. what are the encumbering “costs of not relying upon standardized measurement?;”
5.“[t]o what purposes will the measurement be put, or to put it another way, to whom will the information be made transparent?;”
6.“[w]hat are the costs of acquiring the metrics?;”
7.“[a]sk why the people at the top of the organization are demanding performance metrics;”
8.“[h]ow and by whom are the measures of performance developed?;”
9. “[r]emember that even the best measures are subject to corruption or goal diversion;” and, …
10. “[r]emember that sometimes, recognizing the limits of the possible is the beginning of wisdom.”
(All emphases in original.)
Givers should check this list, before they prepare and then dutifully fill out and submit—or have others fill out and submit—any more required forms and attached spreadsheets.
A non-numericizable best practice
Finally, and most valuably, Muller’s frustration-borne Tyranny of Metrics reminds us of the importance of a decidedly non-numericizable best practice.
It is not uncommon for those who give their own money away, or who work for those who do, to quite confidently make assertions of truth or announce judgements on the basis of what they know, or think they know. Their very position allows for this. For any human, it is a strong temptation. It encourages arrogance.
It is not unfair to ask them, or for them to ask themselves, for actual evidence supporting their assertions—including of the numerical sort.
In what is too often their pretense to truth, however, metrics can be arrogant, as well. As Muller shows, the numbers and those who push the numbering, sometimes need the same thing all humans do, too. |
February 15, 2013-Houston-In 1969, Sidney "Doc" Berger arrived at the University of Houston with one goal th to transform the university's small drama department into a world class training center for aspiring theater professionals.
(Media-Newswire.com) - February 15, 2013-Houston-In 1969, Sidney “Doc” Berger arrived at the University of Houston with one goal – to transform the university’s small drama department into a world class training center for aspiring theater professionals.
When he departed the university 41 years later, he could confidently say, “Mission accomplished.”
Berger passed away on Feb. 15.
In 2010 Berger stepped away from UH’s stages as a director, producer and mentor. His contributions to the local and national theater landscapes, however, will continue to flourish.
Berger also left an indelible impression on Houston’s cultural landscape by founding the immensely popular Houston Shakespeare Festival ( HSF ) at Miller Outdoor
Theatre in 1975. This festival continues to entertain thousands each summer and showcases the talents of leading stage professionals.
He also was a driving force behind the Children’s Theatre Festival, which entertained young audiences during summer months. Under his guidance, the festival ran from 1980 – 2008. Berger tapped the talents of Broadway greats to create world premiere works for this annual event. Charles Strouse ( “Annie” ) and Jerry Bock ( “Fiddler On The Roof” ) were among the creative minds that contributed to the festival.
Berger stepped down as the school’s director in 2007. He officially retired from UH in 2009. In 2010, he took a last bow as the director of the Houston Shakespeare Festival.
The final play Berger directed at UH was “At Home At The Zoo,” which was written by close friend and colleague Edward Albee. His final HSF play was “Much Ado About Nothing” in 2010.
"He ran a fine, humanistic ship, and his gentleness and his humor will be missed," Albee said of Berger’s retirement in 2007. "There's much to be learned from Sid, whom I love dearly, and I hope those who follow him have the wisdom to learn it."
Berger's accolades include the 1992 Esther Farfel Award, UH's highest faculty honor, and the 2007 Theatre Under the Stars Ruth Denney Award, which recognizes arts educators. In 2007, he was recognized by U.S. Congressman Gene Green in the Congressional Record for his tireless efforts with the Houston Shakespeare Festival. Mayor Annise Parker paid tribute to Berger during his final year with HSF by proclaiming Aug. 6, 2010 as “Sidney Berger Day” in Houston.
"I have had a wonderful career here at the university," Berger said in 2007. "I could not think of another place I would have wanted to spend my professional life."
“It is next to impossible to encapsulate Sidney Berger’s life in Houston into a few sentences. Creator, director, visionary, chair, teacher, friend, colleague, passionate Shakespeare lover, giant in educational theater world – are all words that come to mind,” said Steve Wallace, director of the UH School of Theatre & Dance. “His work was his life , his life was his work. He was happiest directing a Shakespeare play at the wonderful Miller Outdoor Theatre that gave the Houston Shakespeare Festival a home since 1975. Whether audiences were sitting on the front row or enjoying glasses of wine on a blanket out on the hill, it didn’t matter to him; they were all his friends because they loved his friend William Shakespeare.
"Sidney would want to have Shakespeare say goodbye the way only the Bard could...'Good-night sweet prince, And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest.'"
Published by:
Release Date
This story was released on 2013-02-21. Please make sure to visit the official company or organization web site to learn more about the original release date. See our disclaimer for additional information. |
Q:
How to perform a double loop jump?
I have a code like:
while(condition)
{
foreach(string s in list)
{
switch(j)
{
case 1:
//do something
continue;//can I break out of foreach here?
case 2:
//do another
continue;//break
..other cases;
}
//do some stuff
}
//do some stuff
}
I am considering goto but I've heard many bad things about it.
A:
I assume what you are trying to do is break from inside the switch, and have it exit the for loop but not the while loop. My suggestion is to put the whole thing into a function and put a return statement wherever you want to break. For example:
void f () {
foreach(string s in list) {
switch(j) {
case 1:
//do something
return;
case 2:
//do another
continue;//break
..other cases;
}
//do some stuff
}
}
// ... later somewhere
while (condition) {
f();
}
|
/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
* License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
* file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
import com.adobe.test.Assert;
// var SECTION = "15.8.2.16";
// var VERSION = "ECMA_1";
// var TITLE = "Math.sin(x)";
var testcases = getTestCases();
function getTestCases() {
var array = new Array();
var item = 0;
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin.length", 1, Math.sin.length );
/*thisError="no error";
try{
Math.sin();
}catch(e:Error){
thisError=(e.toString()).substring(0,26);
}finally{//print(thisError);
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin()","ArgumentError: Error #1063",thisError);
}
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin()", Number.NaN, Math.sin() );*/
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin(null)", 0, Math.sin(null) );
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin(void 0)", Number.NaN, Math.sin(void 0) );
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin(false)", 0, Math.sin(false) );
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin('2.356194490192')", 0.7071067811867916, Math.sin('2.356194490192') );
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin(NaN)", Number.NaN, Math.sin(Number.NaN) );
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin(0)", 0, Math.sin(0) );
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin(-0)", -0, Math.sin(-0));
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin(Infinity)", Number.NaN, Math.sin(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY));
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin(-Infinity)", Number.NaN, Math.sin(Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY));
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin(0.7853981633974)", 0.7071067811865134, Math.sin(0.7853981633974));
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin(1.570796326795)", 1, Math.sin(1.570796326795));
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin(2.356194490192)", 0.7071067811867916, Math.sin(2.356194490192));
array[item++] = Assert.expectEq( "Math.sin(3.14159265359)", -2.0682311115474694e-13, Math.sin(3.14159265359));
return ( array );
}
|
JFDI Ambassador – Val Wright
With my final day at work speeding toward me, I’m definitely in need of some inspiration and tough talking right now as my anxiety of what’s to come comes a-creeping. Fortunately for me, I have a very inspirational family member whose recent visit from LA to speak at The Crystal Lecture at the University of Wolverhampton was perfectly timed, giving me just the pick me up I needed. I’ve been in awe of Val pretty much since the day I met her. Her zest for life and determination is just so energising. She’s a no-excuses, go-getting, book-writing, Crossfitting mother of 3 who moved to the other side of the world with her husband over 10 years ago to work at Xbox in Seattle, followed by Amazon Fashion before moving to LA where she now runs her own leadership consultancy business working with VPs at companies such as Starbucks, Microsoft & DreamWorks, to name just a few. She planned a wedding in 7 weeks, wrote a book in 4 months* and gave birth to twin girls when her first born was a month off turning 2 #superwoman! So I think it’s fair to say she has her shizzle together. I therefore asked her to impart her pearls of wisdom with me and thought it’d be rude of me not to share – find below her 5 top tips for being a Ninja JFDI-er 🙂
1. Be Thoughtfully Ruthless
This means being really intentional with where you spend your energy and time. I find that there is too much thinking and not enough action. As Robbie Williams says “I’m contemplating thinking about thinking, it’s overrated…(so get another drink in!)”. The time spent on debating a small decision doesn’t always correlate with the difference it makes in your life. I know as I have done it! I’ve spent hours debating which of fifty kettles to buy, or which flight to catch, or deciding which restaurant to meet at. Unfortunately, it sucks time and energy from the important aspects you need to be focusing on like doing what you love with those you love, considering what you want your life to be like in the future and how can you rapidly get there.
2. Decisions, Decisions
Decisions can always be undone. If you work at Amazon, Jeff Bezos encourages two-way-door decisions to make sure leaders make rapid progress. Most decisions can be undone, you can go back through the door you just went through. When we were living in England, Microsoft offered me a job in either Seattle or Silicon Valley. We chose Seattle because it was where the company HQ was based and there would be many future opportunities – if it was really that terrible we could always move home! At precisely the time we were quietly considering the offer, it seemed everyone around us was telling us stories of what might have been – “remember the time we got offered that opportunity in Australia and we turned it down?” “Perhaps we should have taken that assignment in Chicago” – and we just kept hearing regret about inaction not action. Which convinced us we were making the right decision.
3. The Triple A of Learning
Having watched the most successful, mediocre, and absolutely terrible leaders and entrepreneurs, I’ve been able to decide what makes the most successful live happier lives and become successful on their own terms. Those who follow the Triple A of Learning – who ask, accept, and apply advice – stand out. When I knew I was going to quit my corporate life and start my own consulting business I looked around me and realized there wasn’t anyone I personally knew who I wanted to be so I found myself a mentor and a new community of authors, speakers, and global consultants who I could aspire to become. My business advisor, Alan Weiss, has written 65 books and I’m always asking him questions like “How can I write a number of books?” or “how can I have speaking as a major revenue and marketing machine for me,” and most importantly “how do I make sure I am not the worst boss I have ever had?!” I also have an inner circle of advisors who know me and my business inside out. We meet three times a year around the world and talk at least twice a month. Sometimes it takes others to extract from you facts that you hide, the facts that maybe you don’t realize the importance of. We were creating my bio and one of my inner circle was interviewing me and asking me what results I get with my clients. I mentioned that the stock price rose 37% after working with me and she nearly fell of her chair and screamed “Val! You have to get that as a testimonial and use it for marketing!!”. It often takes someone else seeing your results and impact to shine a spotlight on them. I do that for the executives I work with all the time. Helping them become brilliant at demonstrating their brilliance, but it helps me when I do that for myself too. When my husband, Andy, got offered a job at Disney Studios in LA, I had only just launched my consulting business five months prior, so I asked who else had successfully moved cities with their consulting business and followed their lessons and things to avoid.
4. Get Your Fear Into Perspective
There are few fears we face in our life that truly warrant it. My fear at the top of a double diamond black ski run is different to my fear of writing on a new topic I never have spoken about before and wondering how people will react. I recently wrote about being a woman executive and I deleted it over and over again until my mentor told me to just submit it to the Los Angeles Business Journal, which resulted in it being published and a new weekly column. Real fear is when I was working in Rackhams department store in 1993 when there was an attacker on the shop floor literally cutting the throats of my co-workers. Real fear is being put on bed rest for 16weeks when pregnant with twins with an 18month old running around. I don’t talk about those fears because they are insignificant compared to the tragedies and difficulties others have faced. But they put into perspective the fears that consume people’s decisions to quit a job, try something new, move to a new city or country, or to just say what you really think.
5. Let it all go now
Think of an important decision or event. A big presentation, meeting new people, sharing a new idea. Do you overly worry before, during or after the event? Prepare too much? Worry while there if you are saying and doing the right things? Afterwards do you kick yourself for not responding a certain way or overly fret about that look someone gave you or why people didn’t say thank you? The pre-worry, parallel-worry, and post-worry can comatose you. You just have to let it all go. I am not everyone’s cup of tea and that is just fine by me. After five years having my own consulting and speaking business I have learned that the more I share with the world who I am, what impact I have on companies and leaders, the more I attract my favourite kind of clients. The same applies with my friends. Fear comes from excessively worrying about what you are about to do, are doing or did do when you just have to listen to Elsa and Let It Go!
If Val’s advice above has tickled your taste buds, then there’s more where that came from in her book, Thoughtfully Ruthless, which you can purchase by clicking here* – I’d highly recommend. The Power of No chapter is a particular favourite of mine. Or you can simply read a sample chapter by clicking here.
*This post contains affiliate links which are indicated by an asterisk (*). You don’t pay any more from clicking on that link but I might earn a few pennies if you do 🙂 |
Q:
Push notifications only in the moment?
I'm using service workers and push notifications with nodejs web-push, to send messages akin to
x user is doing y
If the browser is open when this message arrives, it's fine, but if the browser is offline, one is flooded with messages of things that are no longer relevant. Is there anyway to automatically dismiss this messages if they're too old, or set an expiration so it doesn't show up hours later?
Thanks in advance!
A:
From the documentation, these are the options:
const options = {
gcmAPIKey: '< GCM API Key >',
vapidDetails: {
subject: '< \'mailto\' Address or URL >',
publicKey: '< URL Safe Base64 Encoded Public Key >',
privateKey: '< URL Safe Base64 Encoded Private Key >'
},
TTL: <Number>,
headers: {
'< header name >': '< header value >'
}
}
You can set a low TTL so that it doesn't remain in the system for too long. The TTL by default is 4 weeks.
TTL is a value in seconds that describes how long a push message is
retained by the push service (by default, four weeks).
|
Data are from the Texas Alzheimer\'s Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) study. Requests may be sent at [www.txalzresearch.org](http://www.txalzresearch.org) or to the below contact: Robert Barber, PhD, Associate Professor, Executive Director, Institute for Molecular Medicine, UNT Health Science Center, <Robert.Barber@unthsc.edu>.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
The latent variable 'δ" is a dementia phenotype specifying "the cognitive correlates of functional status". δ appears to be chiefly, if not uniquely, responsible for observed dementia severity \[[@pone.0172268.ref001]--[@pone.0172268.ref002]\]. Because δ is a fraction of Spearman's general intelligence factor "*g*" \[[@pone.0172268.ref003]\], δ's strong and specific association with dementia (across diagnoses) \[[@pone.0172268.ref001]\] constrains that syndrome to the pathophysiology of "intelligence", and potentially to a restricted set of biomarkers.
Age, depression, and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele are independently associated with δ \[[@pone.0172268.ref004]\]. Thus, their associations with both clinical dementia status and with dementia conversion risk may also be constrained to biological processes that affect intelligence. Those processes do not necessarily involve neurodegeneration. Age's association with δ has been shown to be fully mediated by *a paucity* of neurodegenerative changes in pathologically confirmed AD cases \[[@pone.0172268.ref005]\]. Additionally, even in their aggregate, these dementia risks explain a minority of δ's variance. Thus, observed dementia status must be largely determined by age and APOE independent factors.
We have found the majority of δ's variance to be associated with a large number of pro- and anti-inflammatory serum protein biomarkers, independently of age, depression and APOE \[[@pone.0172268.ref004], [@pone.0172268.ref006]--[@pone.0172268.ref008]\]. If those biomarkers are determinants of neurodegeneration, then age, depression, and APOE may modulate how much neurodegeneration is required to achieve a demented state (i.e., a dementing d-score). Such a finding might explain reports of "cognitive reserve", and specifically its association with native intelligence \[[@pone.0172268.ref009]\].
In this analysis, we combine SEM with longitudinal data from the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) to explore more than 100 serum proteins as potential mediators of APOE's specific association with δ. Our model is constructed such that any significant mediator of APOE's effect on prospective δ scores can be interpreted causally. Thus, they may offer targets for the remediation of APOE-specific cognitive impairments. However, we predict that APOE's effects will not be mediated by pro-inflammatory serum proteins. Instead, we note that APOE has been associated with childhood cognitive performance, intelligence testing, and Spearman's *g* \[[@pone.0172268.ref010]\]. Thus, APOE's effects on cognitive performance may be incurred early in life. If so, then APOE may simply alter the baseline from which subsequent neurodegeneration plays out its effects.
Materials and methods {#sec002}
=====================
Subjects {#sec003}
--------
Subjects included n = 3385 TARCC participants, including 1240 cases of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), 688 "Mild Cognitive Impairment "(MCI) cases, and 1384 normal controls (NC). Each underwent serial annual standardized clinical examinations, culminating in a consensus clinical diagnosis of NC, MCI or AD. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained at each site and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
δ's Indicators included Logical Memory II (LMII) \[[@pone.0172268.ref011]\], Visual Reproduction I (VRI) \[[@pone.0172268.ref011]\], the Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) \[[@pone.0172268.ref012]\], Digit Span Test (DST) \[[@pone.0172268.ref011]\] and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) \[[@pone.0172268.ref013]\]. All tests were available in Spanish translation. The latent variables' indicators were not adjusted for this analysis. The resulting δ homolog was validated by its association with dementia severity, as measured by the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale sum of boxes (CDR) \[[@pone.0172268.ref014]\] and by Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis.
TARCC's methodology has been described elsewhere \[[@pone.0172268.ref015]\]. Serum samples were sent frozen to Rules-Based Medicine (RBM) in Austin, TX. There they were assayed without additional freeze-thaw cycles. RBM conducted multiplexed immunoassay via their human multi-analyte profile (human MAP). A complete listing of the biomarker panel we employed is available at <http://www.rulesbasedmedicine.com>.
We ran all RBM analyses in duplicate and discarded data when the duplicate values differed by \> 5%. All values recorded by RBM as "LOW" were recorded and analyzed. If more than 50% of the samples for a given analyte were recorded as "LOW", all readings for that analyte were dropped. If less than 50% of the analytes were recorded as "LOW", the LOW values were recorded as the least detectable dose (LDD) divided by two. Raw biomarker data were inspected to ascertain their normality. Data points beyond 3.0 standard deviations (SD) about the mean were labeled as "outliers" and deleted. Logarithmic transformation was used to normalize highly skewed distributions. The data were then standardized to a mean of zero and unit variance.
Covariates {#sec004}
----------
All observed measures in the structural models were adjusted for age, education, ethnicity, gender, homocysteine (HCY), and hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c). Measurements of HCY, HgbA1c and APOE ε4 genotyping were performed in the Ballantyne laboratory at the Baylor College of Medicine. HgbA1c was measured in whole blood by the turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (TINIA). HCY was measured in serum using the recombinant enzymatic cycling assay (i.e., Roche Hitachi 911).
APOE genotyping {#sec005}
---------------
APOE genotyping was conducted using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods \[[@pone.0172268.ref016]\]. APOEε4 status was coded dichotomously based on the presence or absence of an ε4 allele. TARCC's RBM biomarkers exhibit significant batch effects. Therefore, each biomarker was additionally adjusted for dichotomous dummy variables coding batch.
Statistical analyses {#sec006}
--------------------
### Analysis sequence {#sec007}
This analysis was performed using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software \[[@pone.0172268.ref017]\]. The maximum likelihood estimator was chosen. All observed indicators were adjusted for age, education, ethnicity and gender. Co-variances between the residuals were estimated if they were significant and improved fit.
We used the ethnicity equivalent δ homolog ("dEQ") as previously described \[[@pone.0172268.ref004]\]. That homolog has been reported to 1) have excellent fit (i.e., χ^2^/df = 181/24, p \< 0.001; CFI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.05), 2) have acceptable factor determinacy by Grice's Method \[[@pone.0172268.ref018]\], 3) exhibit factor equivalence across ethnicity, 4) to be strongly correlated with dementia severity as measured by the CDR (r = 0.99, p \<0.001) and 5) to exhibit an AUC of 0.97 (CI: 0.97--0.98) for the discrimination between AD cases and controls (in Wave 2 TARCC data). For the purposes of this analysis, dEQ was again constructed in Wave 2 data, but without any covariates, specifically age, ethnicity, GDS, gender, HCY, HGbA1c and APOE ε4 burden.
dEQ and g' factor weights were applied to Wave 2 observed data to generate Wave 2 dEQ and g' composite scores (i.e., dEQ w2 and g' w2, respectively). g' is dEQ's residual in Spearman's *g*. The composite scores were used as observed outcomes in models of a baseline APOE ε4 allele's direct association with covariate adjusted Wave 2 dEQ.
Next, we constructed a longitudinal mediation model in SEM ([Fig 1](#pone.0172268.g001){ref-type="fig"}). Such models can arguably be interpreted causally \[[@pone.0172268.ref019]\]. Path "a" represents the APOE ε4 allele's direct association with Wave 2 dEQ scores. Path "b" represents the biomarker's independent effect on dEQ, measured at Wave 1. When both were significant, we considered path "c". Bonferroni correction to p \<0.001 was used to offset the potential for Type 2 error after multiple comparisons. The biomarker's mediation effect on the APOE ε4 allele's direct association can then be calculated by MaKinnon's method \[[@pone.0172268.ref020]\].
{#pone.0172268.g001}
The mediation models were constructed in a randomly selected subset of TARCC participants, comprising approximately 50% of the subjects (i.e., Group 1: n = 1691). As a test of each model's generalizability to the remainder (n = 1694), each mediation path's significant direct association was constrained across the two groups, and model fit compared across constrained and unconstrained conditions \[[@pone.0172268.ref021]--[@pone.0172268.ref022]\]. Mediation effects were calculated in the constrained models.
### Missing data {#sec008}
We used the newest instance of TARCC's dataset (circa 2016). The entire dataset was employed. Clinical diagnoses were available on 3385 subjects, 2861 of whom had complete data for δ's cognitive indicators and covariates. Modern Missing Data Methods were automatically applied by the AMOS software \[[@pone.0172268.ref023]\]. AMOS employs Full information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) \[[@pone.0172268.ref024]--[@pone.0172268.ref025]\]. Only the ROC analyses, performed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) \[[@pone.0172268.ref026]\], were limited to complete cases.
### Fit indices {#sec009}
Fit was assessed using four common test statistics: chi-square, the ratio of the chisquare to the degrees of freedom in the model (CMIN /DF), the comparative fit index (CFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). A non-significant chisquare signifies that the data are consistent with the model \[[@pone.0172268.ref027]\]. However, in large samples, this metric conflicts with other fit indices (insensitive to sample size) show that the model fits the data very well. A CMIN/DF ratio \< 5.0 suggests an adequate fit to the data \[[@pone.0172268.ref028]\].The CFI statistic compares the specified model with a null model \[[@pone.0172268.ref029]\]. CFI values range from 0 to 1.0. Values below 0.95 suggest model misspecification. Values approaching 1.0 indicate adequate to excellent fit. An RMSEA of 0.05 or less indicates a close fit to the data, with models below 0.05 considered "good" fit, and up to 0.08 as "acceptable"\[[@pone.0172268.ref030]\]. All fit statistics should be simultaneously considered when assessing the adequacy of the models to the data.
Results {#sec010}
=======
The demographic characteristics of TARCC's sample are presented in [Table 1](#pone.0172268.t001){ref-type="table"}. The unadjusted wave 2 dEQ achieved a high AUC for the discrimination between AD cases and NC (AUC = 0.953; CI: 0.946--0.960). g's AUC for the same discrimination was at a near chance level \[AUC = 0.536 (CI: 0.514--0.558)\]. This is consistent with past findings, across batteries, in this and other cohorts.
10.1371/journal.pone.0172268.t001
###### Descriptive statistics.
{#pone.0172268.t001g}
Variable N Mean (SD)
----------------------------------------- ------ --------------
**Age** (observed) 3381 70.88 (9.48)
**APOE e4 alleles** (1 = e4+, n = 1223) 3154 0.39 (0.49)
**CDR (Sum of Boxes)** 3306 2.42 (3.35)
**COWA** 3381 8.41 (3.49)
**DIS** 3381 8.89 (3.01)
**EDUC** (observed) 3381 13.24 (4.25)
**Ethnicity** (1 = MA, n = 1189) 3381 0.36 (0.47)
**GDS**~**30**~ (observed) 3005 5.60 (5.25)
**Gender** (♂ = 1, n = 1281) 3312 0.39 (0.49)
**IADL (Summed)** 3381 10.48 (4.52)
**MMSE** 3311 25.52 (4.76)
**WMS LM II** 3381 8.05 (4.30)
**WMS VR I** 3381 7.88 (3.68)
**Complete Cases** 2861
CDR = Clinical Dementia Rating scale; COWA = Controlled Oral Word Association Test; DIS = Digit Span Test; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MMSE = Mini-mental State Exam; SD = standard deviation; WMS LM II = Weschler Memory Scale: Delayed Logical Memory; WMS VR I = Weschler Memory Scale: Immediate Visual Reproduction.
The Base Model fit well \[χ^2^ = 84.80 (11), p \<0.001; CFI = 0.977; RMSEA = 0.045\]. Independently of the covariates (i.e., age, education, ethnicity, gender, GDS scores, HCY, and Hgb A1c), possession of an APOE ε4 allele was significantly directly associated with Wave 2 dEQ (r = -0.25, p\<0.001), but not with the Wave 2 g' composite (r = -0.02, p = 0.21). g' was then dropped from consideration. The APOE ε4 allele's significant association with Wave 2 dEQ scores was in a negative direction suggesting an adverse effect on observed cognitive performance.
The mediation models also fit well \[e.g., Adiponectin (APN): χ^2^ = 168.65 (17), p \< 0.001; CFI = 0.965; RMSEA = 0.051; Amphiregulin (AREG): χ^2^ = 121.60 (17), p \< 0.001; CFI = 0.980; RMSEA = 0.043; C-Reactive Protein (CRP): χ^2^ = 168.58 (17), p \< 0.001; CFI = 0.964; RMSEA = 0.051 ([Fig 1](#pone.0172268.g001){ref-type="fig"})\]. Regardless, only CRP achieved a statistically significant mediation effect after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons ([Table 2](#pone.0172268.t002){ref-type="table"}). CRP appeared to mediate 8.1% of the APOE ε4 allele's direct effect on δ (z = 3.10, p = \<0.001). CRP's effect replicated across both random subsets \[χ^2^ difference = 1.9 (3), p = 0.50\].
10.1371/journal.pone.0172268.t002
###### Potential mediators of APOE e4's-specific cognitive effects.
{#pone.0172268.t002g}
--------------------------------------------------------------
1\. Adiponectin (APN)[\*](#t002fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
2\. Amphiregulin (AREG)[\*](#t002fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
3\. C Reactive Protein (CRP)
--------------------------------------------------------------
\*Does not survive Bonferroni correction to \<0.001.
Two additional serum proteins, APN, and AREG approached significance. Both failed to survive Bonferroni correction, due to relatively weak associations with the APOE ε4 allele along path c (p = 0.008 and 0.004 respectively). APN might otherwise have mediated 5.4% of the APOE ε4 allele's direct effect (z = -2.52, p \<0.001). APN's potential mediation effect replicated across random subsets \[χ^2^ difference = 5.6 (3), p = 0.10\].
AREG might otherwise have mediated 7.2% of the APOE ε4 allele's direct effect (z = -4.54, p ≤ 0.001). AREG's potential mediation effect replicated across random subsets \[χ^2^ difference = 3.2 (3), p = 0.25\]. There were no other APOE ε4 allele-associated proteins. [Table 3](#pone.0172268.t003){ref-type="table"} presents the APOE ε4 allele-independent dEQ biomarkers. [Table 4](#pone.0172268.t004){ref-type="table"} lists biomarkers that were related neither to the APOE ε4 allele, nor to dEQ.
10.1371/journal.pone.0172268.t003
###### APOE-independent dEQ biomarkers (unrelated to APOE by Path c).
{#pone.0172268.t003g}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1\. Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP)
2\. alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT)
3\. alpha2-macroglobulin (α2M)[\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
4\. alpha-Fetoprotein (α-FP)
5\. angiopoetin-2N
6\. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
7\. angiotensinogen
8\. apolipoprotein A1(APOA1)
9\. Apolipoprotein CIII (APOCIII)
10\. AXL
11\. Betacellulin
12\. Bone Morphogenic Protein 6
13\. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
14\. CD40
15\. Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125)
16\. Cancer Antigen 19--9 (CA 19--9)
17\. Compliment 3 (C3)
18\. Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)
19\. Cortisol
20\. Creatinine Kinase-MB (CK-MB)
21\. Eotaxin-3
22\. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)
23\. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 1 (EGFR)
24\. Epiregulin (EREG)
25\. Factor VII
26\. FAS
27\. FAS-Ligand (FAS-L)
28\. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
29\. Glutathione S-Transferase
30\. Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GCSF)
31\. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)
32\. Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)
33\. Immunoglobulin A
34\. Immunoglobulin M
35\. Insulin
36\. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-I)
37\. Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 2 (IGF-BP2)[\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
38\. Interferon-gamma[\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
39\. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra)
40\. Interleukin 3 (IL-3)
41\. Interleukin 5 (IL-5)
42\. Interleukin 7 (IL-7)
43\. Interleukin 8 (IL-8)
44\. Interleukin 10 (IL-10)[\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
45\. Interleukin 12-p40 (IL-12p40)[\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
46\. Interleukin 13 (IL-13)[\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
47\. Interleukin 15 (IL-15)†
48\. Interleukin 16 (IL-16)
49\. Lipoprotein a
50\. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
51\. Macrophage Inflammatory Protein type 1 alpha (MIP-1a)
52\. Macrophage Inflammatory Protein type 1 beta (MIP-1b)
53\. Matrix Metalloproteinase type 3 (MMP-3)
54\. Monocyte Chemotactic Protein type 1 (MCP-1)
55\. Myoglobin (MyG)
56\. Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP)
57\. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1)
58\. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
59\. Progesterone
60\. Prolactin (PRL)[\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
61\. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
62\. Pulmonary and Activation-Regulated Chemokine (PARC)
63\. Resistin
64\. S100b
65\. Serum Amyloid P (SAP)
66\. Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT)
67\. Soluable Advanced Glycosylation End Product-Specific Receptor) (sRAGE)
68\. Sortilin
69\. Stem Cell Factor (SCF)[\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
70\. Tenascin C
71\. Testosterone
72\. Thrombopoietin (THPO)[\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
73\. Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1)
74\. Thyroxine Binding Globulin (TBG)
75\. Tissue Factor (TF)
76\. Tissue Growth Factor alpha (TGF-α)
77\. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase type 1 (TIMP-1)
78\. **Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Receptor 3** (TRAIL-R3)
79\. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α)[\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
80\. Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule type 1 (VCAM-1)
81\. Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP)††
82\. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
83\. von Willebrand Factor[\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\*Previously recognized δ biomarkers in Non-Hispanic White TARCC participants only (Royall & Palmer, 2015).
Previously recognized ethnicity adjusted δ biomarkers (†Bishnoi, Palmer & Royall, 2015a, ††2015b).
10.1371/journal.pone.0172268.t004
###### Unrelated biomarkers.
{#pone.0172268.t004g}
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1\. Apolipoprotein H (apoH)
2\. beta2-macroglobulin (b2M)[\*](#t004fn001){ref-type="table-fn"}
3\. B Lymphocyte Chemoattractant (BLC)
4\. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
5\. CD40 Ligand
6\. Chromogranin A
7\. ENA-78 (ENA-78)
8\. EN-RAGE (EN-RAGE)
9\. Eotaxin
10\. Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP)
11\. Ferritin
12\. fibrinogen
13\. GRO alpha (GROa)
14\. Growth Hormone
15\. Haptoglobin
16\. Human CC Cytokine (HCC-4)
17\. I-309
18\. Immunoglobulin E
19\. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule, type 1 (ICAM-1)
20\. Interleukin 8 (IL-8)
21\. Interleukin 18 (IL-18)
22\. Leptin
23\. Macrophage Derived Chemokine (MDC)
24\. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MMIF)
25\. Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP)
26\. RANTES
27\. Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
28\. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
29\. Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (TNFb)
30\. Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor type II (TNF-RII)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
\*Previously recognized δ biomarker in Non-Hispanic TARCC participants only (Royall & Palmer, 2015) (i.e., unconfirmed as a biomarker of dEQ in this ethnicity adjusted analysis. Regardless, shows a trend: r = 0.08, p = 0.02).
Discussion {#sec011}
==========
We have surveyed more than 100 potential mediators of the APOE ε4 allele's specific and significant association with δ. Our sample size was large, and we were powered to detect even statistically weak effects. All our findings have been replicated in random subsets of TARCC's data. We also replicate all but one of our previously observed APOE independent associations with δ \[and that exception, beta2-microglobulin (b2M), shows a trend ([Table 2](#pone.0172268.t002){ref-type="table"})\], even though 1) our sample size has increased over time, 2) we are using a new δ homolog, 3) the biomarkers are being used to predict future cognitive performance, and 4) the prior associations were obtained using raw biomarker data while these employ normalized variables. All the other significant biomarkers in [Table 2](#pone.0172268.t002){ref-type="table"} represent newly identified δ-related serum protein biomarkers.
We have identified three classes of proteins: 1) potential mediators of the APOE ε4 allele's significant direct effect on δ, 2) APOE independent predictors of δ, and 3) proteins unrelated to either the APOE ε4 allele or δ. Only three serum proteins were possibly related to the APOE ε4 allele, and all were associated with δ.
These observations may help clarify APOE's role in cognitive function. First, although the APOE ε4 allele has been associated with *g* and *g* is thought to be highly heritable \[[@pone.0172268.ref010]\], our findings suggest that the ε4 allele's effect is limited to δ and not g', i.e., δ's residual in Spearman's *g*. APOE may therefore modulate a specific fraction of intelligence. δ in turn has been associated with the DMN \[[@pone.0172268.ref031]\]. APOE's effect on DMN structure and function has not been well studied, but the ε4 allele has been associated consistently with β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition \[[@pone.0172268.ref032]\]. Aβ has also been co-localized with the DMN \[[@pone.0172268.ref033]\]. Thus, Aβ deposition in the DMN might mediate APOE's association with dementia, and that association may manifest as a disruption of intelligence, not domain-specific cognitive performance. This hypothesis cannot be tested in TARCC's data.
Second, δ has been shown to be "agnostic" to dementia's etiology \[[@pone.0172268.ref001]\]. APOE's specific association with δ suggests it may have a role in determining *all cause* dementia risk, not just AD risk. Thus, APOE ε4 burden lowers age of onset across diagnoses and has been implicated as a cognitive determinant in multiple disorders \[[@pone.0172268.ref034]\].
This may be the first demonstration of any serum protein's mediation effect on the APOE ε4 allele's association with either dementia, or with observed cognitive performance. Ironically, the apoE protein itself has been shown to predict future dementia, independently of APOE genotype \[[@pone.0172268.ref035]\]. The fact that our model is longitudinal favors a causal role for these proteins as potential mediators of APOE's effect on δ. Only CRP was identified as an unambiguous mediator of APOE's effect. APN and AREG approached significance. None of these proteins' associations with δ had been recognized in our prior work, which has been adjusted for APOE ε4 burden.
All potential mediation effects were small, and their associations with the APOE ε4 allele were statistically weak. Our ability to detect weak effects is an expression of TARCC's large sample size. Regardless, their weak associations replicated across two random subsets of the cohort, and are probably not artifacts. Plasma CRP levels have been associated with an "inflammation-specific AD polygenic risk index" \[[@pone.0172268.ref036]\]. That finding also implicates CRP as a possible mediator of AD genetic risk.
Moreover, CRP's weak effect on δ is not likely to be clinically trivial. ε4 appears to more than double 5yr prospective dementia conversion risk in TARCC, independently of multiple covariates. That association is fully attenuated by CRP \[[@pone.0172268.ref037]\].
The adverse effects serum CRP levels on observed cognitive performance have been reported to be moderated by APOE. CRP's effect is often reported to occur in the absence of an ε4 allele \[[@pone.0172268.ref038]--[@pone.0172268.ref039]\]. Our findings clarify that CRP has a positive (salutary) effect on dEQ. However, CRP levels are lowered in the presence of an ε4 allele (by path c). This finding is also consistent with previous studies, which show lower CRP levels in ε4 carriers across multiple populations \[[@pone.0172268.ref040]--[@pone.0172268.ref042]\].
Serum CRP is lowered by the use of statins \[[@pone.0172268.ref043]\]. Additionally, hypercholesterolemia may augment ε4's adverse effect on cognition \[[@pone.0172268.ref042]\]. Two limitations to our analyses are that we did not consider the effects of either statin use or serum cholesterol in these models. Regardless, lowering CRP still further in ε4 carriers might be expected to have adverse effects on dementia risk, given our present findings. This may explain paradoxical reports of adverse cognitive declines associated with statin use. Post-marketing reports have led to a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) caution against the use of statins by the elderly \[[@pone.0172268.ref044]\]. Although such anecdotal reports have been difficult to confirm, most investigators approach this task through observed cognitive measures and /or domain-specific indices. Our findings suggest that the effects of statins should be approached from the perspective of general intelligence.
To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a potential association between APOE and either APN or AREG. However, APN has previously been associated with prospective cognitive decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and that effect was fully attenuated by APOE adjustment, suggesting an association \[[@pone.0172268.ref045]\].
AREG, beta-cellulin (BTC), Epidernal Growth Factor (EGF), the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 1 (EGFR), Epigen (EPGN), Epiregulin (EREG), Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and the Neuregulins 1--4 are members of the EGF family of serum proteins \[[@pone.0172268.ref046]\]. EGF, EGFR, EREG, and HB-EGF were all predictors of δ in these data ([Table 2](#pone.0172268.t002){ref-type="table"}), but none were associated with the APOE ε4 allele. These findings implicate the EGF family of serum proteins as potential modulators of dementia severity, independently of APOE genotype.
However, the above findings are overshadowed by our failure to identify additional potential mediators, as we had originally predicted. That failure was unlikely to reflect statistical power, as multiple δ-related proteins were confirmed by this analysis ([Table 2](#pone.0172268.t002){ref-type="table"}). Nor is it likely to reflect our coding of ε4 allele burden, which was significantly associated with δ. While our findings are necessarily limited to the proteins available in TARCC's panel, which is neither exhaustive nor rationally selected, they suggest that APOE's significant association with δ is largely independent of pro-inflammatory serum proteins, as well as all of δ's previously identified serum protein biomarkers.
Alternatively, APOE's effects might be limited to the *central* nervous system (CNS), and thus escape detection by our analysis of peripheral blood-based biomarkers. APOE's association with δ has been shown to be fully mediated by AD-specific neurodegenerative lesions \[[@pone.0172268.ref047]\], and to contribute to Braak stage \[[@pone.0172268.ref048]\]. Its association with *g* also appears to be partially mediated by integrity in white matter tracts \[[@pone.0172268.ref010]\]. AREG has been shown to be an independent mitogen of adult neural stem cells \[[@pone.0172268.ref049]\], and might also contribute to CNS effects independently of its serum protein levels.
δ's intercept and slope (Δδ) contribute independently to future dementia severity, and together they explain the vast majority of its variance \[[@pone.0172268.ref001]--[@pone.0172268.ref002]\]. Regardless, all of δ's serum protein biomarkers to date appear to be associated with δ's intercept, and not its slope, in longitudinal analyses (e.g., \[[@pone.0172268.ref008]\]). Similarly, the presence of an APOE ε4 allele is associated with baseline cognitive performance in older persons, but not its rate of change \[[@pone.0172268.ref050]--[@pone.0172268.ref051]\]. If APN, AREG and CRP are also related to future d-scores through δ's intercept, then they may "trigger" APOE-related dementing processes rather than prosecute them.
δ\'s extraction from general intelligence and *g*'s "indifference" to its indicators further constrain APOE's effects on δ to an association with intelligence. Native intelligence may influence dementia risk from a very early age by fixing in advance the extent to which an acquired dementing illness has to progress before a dementing δ score is achieved. "General cognitive function" has recently been associated with four genes, including APOE \[[@pone.0172268.ref052]\]. Thus, early insults to δ may increase the risk of dementia conversion independently of later insults, and /or hasten its age of onset (i.e., the age at which a dementing d-score is achieved). This may explain how the ε4 allele advances the average of age at onset of AD \[[@pone.0172268.ref053]\] without effecting longitudinal declines in cognitive performance \[[@pone.0172268.ref008]\].
Possession of an ε4 allele is associated with altered DMN connectivity in cognitively normal elderly \[[@pone.0172268.ref054]\], and young adults \[[@pone.0172268.ref055]\], and has even been shown to modulate responses to air pollution in children \[[@pone.0172268.ref056]\], suggesting very early pre-clinical effects by an Aβ independent mechanism(s). That APOE's effect may occur in advance of acquired illness could also explain our failure to associate APOE with serum biomarkers, especially since they have been measured proximally to δ scores. If APOE's effects on cognitive performance are incurred early in life, they may simply alter the field on which the game of neurodegeneration is later played. This again suggests that APOE should be a risk for all-cause dementia, and not just AD.
[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have disclosed the results of these analyses to the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), which has filed provisional patents 61/603,226: \"A Latent Variable Approach to the Identification and/or Diagnosis of Cognitive Disorders\", 61/671,858: "A Serum Biomarker Screen for the Diagnosis of Clinical and Pre-clinical Alzheimer's Disease in Non-Hispanic Populations", and 62/112,703: "Methods and Approach for Detection and Prediction of Change in Dementia Severity or Clinical Diagnosis over Time" relating to the latent variable δ's construction and biomarkers. There are no further patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter our adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
[^2]: **Conceptualization:** DRR.**Data curation:** RFP.**Formal analysis:** DRR SA RB RFP.**Funding acquisition:** DRR.**Investigation:** DRR.**Methodology:** DRR.**Project administration:** DRR.**Software:** RFP DRR.**Supervision:** DRR.**Validation:** DRR RFP.**Visualization:** DRR RFP.**Writing -- original draft:** DRR.**Writing -- review & editing:** DRR SA RB RFP.
[^3]: ‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.
|
This is an archived article and the information in the article may be outdated. Please look at the time stamp on the story to see when it was last updated.
HUNTSVILLE, Ala. – A driver ran into a Pizza Hut on South Memorial Parkway early Monday afternoon.
The car ran through the Pizza Hut on the Parkway just north of Hobbs Road around 1 p.m.
No one was injured. A Huntsville Fire Department spokesman said there was a booth by the window that the driver hit, but no one was sitting in it at the time of the crash. But that’s not because people didn’t want to.
Wrecker has arrived and car is being moved. @whnt pic.twitter.com/Hz7xuOfdgu — Kelley Smith WHNT (@KelleySmithWHNT) June 3, 2019
A family wanted to sit at the booth shortly before the crash, but a manager suggested they sit somewhere else so they could have more room.
“And they originally wanted to sit at the booth that got hit but I intended to sit them at table six and they were lucky because they didn’t get hit,” said Johnnie Ikard, Pizza Hut shift manager.
Mark Smith said he was eating inside at the time of the crash.
“I was amazed how loud it was,” Smith said. “Like a bomb. I even felt the compression wave!”
After the crash, an employee called the police. The fire department responded to ensure the building was still stable. Pizza Hut staff say the elderly woman who hit the building was a regular who visits the restaurant two to three times a week. Ikard says she was coming in for lunch.
“Lady said she came in the parking lot, she kind of skidded, she actually clipped the front of another vehicle. Kind of bounced off of that vehicle and then entered into the building,” said Captain Frank McKenzie with Huntsville Fire Rescue.
Police have not responded to WHNT News 19’s request for comment. It’s unclear at this time if the department is planning to pursue charges. But it doesn’t seem like there are hard feelings between Pizza Hut staff and the driver. Employees were consoling the driver after the crash. The GM even gave her a ride home.
34.636999 -86.566781 |
Q:
Rails HABTM middle values
I have to following relationship:
class Course < ActiveRecord::Base
attr_accessible :name
has_and_belongs_to_many :users
end
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
attr_accessible :name
has_and_belongs_to_many :courses
end
Then I have the following table:
create_table :courses_users, :force => true, :id => false do |t|
t.integer :user_id
t.integer :course_id
t.integer :middle_value
end
How can I access (edit/update) the middle value in the many to many record?
A:
HABTM should be used to only store the relation. If you have any fields you want to store in the relation, you should create another model, eg. CourseSignup. You would then use this model to create a has_many :through => :course_signups relation, so your models would look like this:
class Course < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :course_signups
has_many :users, :through => :course_signups
end
class CourseSingup < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :course
belongs_to :user
end
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :course_signups
has_many :courses, :through => :course_signups
end
Then you can add your middle_value in the CourseSignup model.
You can find more details in the guide to ActiveRecord associations.
|
Deputy charged with dumping disabled person
Florida A sheriff's deputy who was videotaped dumping a paralyzed man from a wheelchair onto a jailhouse floor has been charged with abuse of a disabled person, a sheriff's official said Friday.
Surveillance footage from Jan. 29 shows Hillsborough County deputy Charlette Marshall-Jones, 44, dumping Brian Sterner out of his wheelchair and searching him on the floor after he was brought in on a warrant after a traffic violation.
Sterner, 32, said when he was taken into a booking room and told to stand up, Jones grew agitated when he told her that he could not.
Marshall-Jones was suspended without pay, and three other deputies were placed on administrative leave pending an investigation.
Marshall-Jones is charged with abuse of a disabled person, a third-degree felony, said Hillsborough County Sheriff David Gee.
If convicted, she could be sent to prison for five years.
Gee said Marshall-Jones was aware of the warrant for her arrest, but that he didn't know when she might turn herself in. |
Saturday, November 28, 2015
The problem with memory is that it is stored in the brain
and it survives by being kept up to date by the operating system of the brain,
that thing which we call the mind. Now, because memory is being constantly
updated there’s a better than average chance of there being a flaw, ever how
slight, in the copy, and therefore the entire memory becomes suspect over time.
Usually we’re happy with this arrangement because the memory can be refreshed
by reality. We couldn’t recall the exact lyrics to a song we liked five years
ago but if it comes on the radio we merrily sing along with it as if we’ve
practiced it for years, which we have, in a way, because it’s stored in our
memory.
Six or seven years ago, I cannot remember how long, isn’t
that a hell of a way to start out, I met a woman who had a great body and dark
hair. The next time I saw her she had lightened her hair considerably, and I
commented on it and a connection was made between us. We dated, became close,
and one day I asked her why she had changed her hair from very dark to very
light. She countered that it hadn’t really been that dark, but I remembered
that it had been. It was an odd sticking point but I conceded that she likely
knew more about her hair than I did. Odd thing was that while we were dating
someone else commented they liked her hair very dark, like she used to have it.
Now, let’s go back even deeper in time, back in the early
80’s when I was stationed at Fort Gordon near Augusta. I tried several
different routes through Middle Georgia to get to South Georgia and none of
them were easy or quick. At some point in that time I must have passed through
the same part of Middle Georgia I passed through in the late eighties, when I
went to visit a friend in Warren County. Now, here we are in 2015, on
Thanksgiving Day, and I’m on my way to South Carolina and I pass by an
abandoned school. There was this odd sense of veja vu. Not that I had been
there before, no, but the feeling that this had been a dreamscape, and that I
had formed a dream from memory, the most elusive of realities. In the dream, in
this dreamscape of the abandoned school, I was walking under the shelter to the
busses and somewhere in that school I had hidden something that I wanted to get
back but had no idea how to do it with so many people around. I found it odd
that so many students were waiting outside, even under the shelter, risking
getting wet, when they could have waited inside. I was looking for a girl I
knew, and I wouldn’t see her again because the school was closing.
Ready for some weirdness?
I have no idea at all the condition of this building as I
passed by it, if I indeed had ever passed by it, but Thanksgiving Day of 2015 I
went by it and saw it, in broad daylight, as a building sitting in an overgrown
lot with high weeds encroaching on all sides. That was it should have looked
like if what was to be in the dream transpired. The school had been abandoned,
the girl forever lost to me, and some ill-gotten gains recovered or not, who is
to say?
This edifice stayed in my mind from Thanksgiving Day to the
next, and I was looking for it on my way back. There it was, too. Fully
functional, nicely groomed, and obviously it had been for quite some time. No
field expedient lawn care company had swept in on Thanksgiving Day to clean the
place up. At some point I came upon the building, saw it for what my memory
told me I would see, like hearing the lyrics of a song wrong, and the next day…
Which memory is correct?
The woman’s hair, the condition of a school building I may
or may not have seen over thirty years ago, when it comes to memory, what is to
be trusted and what cannot be trusted? You get into a car and you feel
comfortable you’ll arrive at some destination that’s stored in your mind but at
the same time, how long did it take to find your keys?
You trust your memory to remind you to take your meds, or
that you have taken your meds, or to skip your meds, yet you cannot remember
what you had for lunch yesterday without some effort of thought, and even then,
are you sure? Can you be?
We’ve all heard about some elderly person who drove for
hours because their mind simply let the memories go of familiar places. That
only happens to old people and those with brain diseases, right? When it
happens to us, those of us who consider themselves in command of their
facilities, how to explain it away? Does the mind simply sweep it under the
mental rug to keep from having to face the idea that the mind itself is a
flawed creature? This is paramount to a long distance runner getting tired
after running a block. A glitch? A sign of aging? Is disease setting in? Or has
this been happening all your life and it’s just getting to the point you now
have age to blame it on?
I wonder if I can find the school on Google and bring forth
a photo for you? Can I remember where it is close enough to find it without
searching for it at great length?
What if it never existed at all?
Like the woman’s dark hair, either she doesn’t remember it
correctly or two people do not remember it correctly, or there’s some place in
between all of this where a long dead reality resides unknown and unknowable.
Somewhere out there, in my mind or Middle Georgia, is a
school I never went to and will likely never see again, yet here it is, you
will either remember it because of these words, or you will forget it, too.
Friday, November 27, 2015
First off, given the title of this essay, I would like to
introduce my fuel gauge as an asshole of the First Order. After I drive two
hundred miles, my fuel gauge announces that I have used but a quarter of the
gas in my tank. This means I can drive another five hundred, ninety-nine miles
without refueling but my gas gauge is an asshole. After fifty more miles it
tells me that I have used up more than a half a tank.
Asshole.
During the last two days I have driven over seven hundred
fifty miles. Other than my fuel gauge outright lying to me, I’ve decided there
are two devices that ought to be mandatory in all vehicles and the use of these
two devices ought to be enforced to the point that getting a ticket for not
using either would be expensive to the extreme. Or someone ought to drag the
drivers out and beat them with a cane.
The first are turn signals, also known as blinkers, because
very clearly there are those drivers out there who cannot seem to fathom the
idea that they are used to indicate a change in lane or an advanced warning for
a turn. One thing I learned in the last seven hundred and fifty miles is there
are a lot of people on the interstate that either have no turn signal, which
they need to get fixed, or they have one and haven’t been shown how to use it,
which they need to learn, or they know how to use it, it does work, but they
choose not to engage their turn signals in a timely basis or not at all.
Assholes.
The second device I think ought to be mandatory is cruise
control. An odd pick, you might think, for most were thinking of an automatic
plasma rifle in the forty watt range, but no, cruise control. Here’s why: I left South Carolina this morning an hour
before dawn to beat some of the worst traffic. Basically, at that time if day
you’ll have fewer human being and by default, fewer assholes. I’m cruising
along in the middle lane of three, when this minivan come out from the far
right lane and cuts me off causing me to have to hit my brakes. They acerbate
the situation by immediately slowing down. Why? Because they’re assholes, that’s
why. If they had cruise control or knew how to use a turn signal things might
have been better, but things were worse because as they passed me they, and
myself, began climbing a hill. This caused them to slow down. So I passed them,
because now they’re going five miles an hour slower than I am. Once we get
going downhill, you guessed it! They passed me again.
Assholes.
Now, as dawn began to break I noticed a bumper sticker, as
they passed me for the third time, that read “I Love Saint Jude’s” and I wonder
if they thought about their own kids climbing around in that minivan while the
driver engaged in some fairly wicked assholery. Finally, I camped out in the Hammer
Lane, and watched them go back and forth with another truck in the middle and
slow lanes. This went on from South Carolina until I finally had enough and
pulled into a rest stop in Georgia. No kidding, this went on for about an hour
with the driver of the minivan not realizing he was changing speeds faster than
Donald Trump insults people.
Ass.
Holes.
Let’s also have an honorable mention to the Asshole who
pulled up behind me at a gas station with ten gazillion other pumps, three
quarters of which were not being used. No, he had to pull up behind me, with a
foot of my truck, and then looked at me as if I were holding him up or
something. Of course, if my fuel gauge wasn’t an asshole, this wouldn’t have
happened, would it?
And then there was the Asshole who passed me from the Hammer
lane while I was in the middle lane, and just as soon as he realized there was
a BIG FUCKIN RV in the slow lane he had to lock’em down and duck back behind
me, nearly clipping me. YOU DIDN’T SEE THAT HUGE FUCKING RV? REALLY?
ASSHOLE!
And at last, let’s not forget the semi, who once I was off the
Interstate, passed me on the back two lane road that is supposed to be safer
and slower, passed the tractor ahead of me who (asshole) was doing about
twenty, and nearly killed hit the car that I was waiting to go past before I
passed the tractor. A half mile ahead are train tracks which, because he’s a
tanker truck, has to stop at anyway.
Saturday, November 21, 2015
Sunday, November 15, 2015
The problem with war, as I have pointed out many time over the
years, is it’s like tossing a handful of unknown seeds into the air and then
coming back a year later hoping to harvest a certain crop. You may have some
idea what might happen but in the end that rarely is what happens. It’s one of
those strange things that whatever reason you go to war and whatever outcome
you might imagine the reality of war is unknown and unknowable. That’s why
anyone with a sense of history avoids it all cost if they care about humanity.
If you look at the war in Syria it seems like a fairly cut
and dried problem; the man running the country is an evil human being and
getting him out would mean good things, right? But that was the case in Iraq.
We discovered that by interjecting a massive amount of firepower and money into
a region and then destroying the political infrastructure, we created a massive
amount of power that emptied that part of the world of a lesser power, and then
we left leaving a vacuum that was filled by the most violent entity that arose
after we were gone.
Anyone who reads history saw this coming.
What all armed conflicts cause is a massive amount of both
soldiers and arms left over once some semblance of peace has been cobbled together.
After the American Civil War both sides contributed to the wayward and senseless
slaughter in Kansas and the American West. The native population of this region
should have known as soon as the combatants were done tearing their own country
apart they would look to keep the battle going with someone else.
The very sad truth in all of this is as long as there is an
obscene profit to be made in war there will be those who will sell arms to
anyone, and worse, everyone, so that no one is left without the means to kill a
lot of human beings as swiftly as possible. The Americans left billions of
dollars’ worth of war material in Iraq and those who opposed the Americans also
invested in arms so what to do with all that equipment meant for humans to wage
war on one another?
We might not like to admit it and we certainly aren’t going
to speak aloud about the root causes of terrorism, what happened in Paris was something
that has happened many times before in many places, recently, and in the past.
Anyone psychotic enough and sociopathic enough to run a terrorism campaign successfully
also knows that the only way to keep the war alive is to keep killing people.
And they also know as long as they can kill there will be those willing to fund
the killing so even more weapons can be sold. More than ideology, pure
predatory capitalism, in other words greed, fuels terrorism.
Without money terrorism ceases to exist on a global level.
Without greed the need to fund terrorism ceases to exist. Without war, the
industry which supplies the basic needs and the basic conditions for terrorism ceases
to exist.
Paris will happen again and again just as long as we, the
people of planet Earth, continue to fund it. As long as we listen to those who
would divide us with religion, politics, false nationalism, and invented racial
rifts, we will continue to fall prey to delivering our resources to those who
plan, begin, propagate, and profit from war, conflict, fear, and terrorism.
At some point in time, we as a species, will have to realize
that resources are finite and we must care for these resources or we will most
certainly become extinct, along with most of the species that share this earth
with us. Yet as long we fall prey to the conditions of greed and war, we will
see only those false and immediate threats that devour our spirits as well as
our time, our treasure, our humanity and our young.
Tuesday, November 10, 2015
In 1979 I was voted “Most Likely To Die Before 21” by my
High School peers. This wasn’t printed in our yearbook or anything like that
but it was widely assumed that I would be dead, and dead very soon. I spent
more time in my Senior year passed out in the parking lot than in the
classroom. In today’s world someone would get involved in something like that
but back then serious drinking was what men did and I did it too. My problem
wasn’t a secret to anyone who had known me for any length of time at all.
I turned fifty-five on Monday which is a terrible day on
which to have a birthday. Worse, it rained all day long, but I decided to stay
home, socialize with the mutts, and write this. I’m still alive, by the way.
All attempts at causing anything other than this condition have clearly failed.
I’ve been shot at once in my life and I didn’t like it. I’ve
never shot at anyone. I held a gun on a deputy once but that was a
misunderstanding and I had a cop in Tampa hold a gun on me once, and that also
was a misunderstanding, but when it comes to guns there cannot be
misunderstanding without the very real possibility of tragedy. But I am still
alive.
There have been four wrecks since 1979 and I’ve managed to
walk away from all of them without serious injury. The last was in 2013 and
because I was doing Yoga three times a week I wasn’t even sore.
A friend of mine, a lifelong friend of mine, died in 2013.
Smoking finally caught up to him, as we all knew it would, and back in 1985 he
told me he thought he would live longer than he would. We talked about that,
even when he was going through chemo and radiation and all of that stuff, he
never truly gave up the idea he might beat it. It’s hard to grasp the ending of
life and I thought I had made peace with it decades ago but I realized when my
friend died that I hadn’t. Or maybe I’m more willing to let go of my own life
than anyone else’s. I can deal with my own death because I don’t have to but
losing someone else is a lot harder.
A car crash took the lives of five young men I knew back in
1980. It was a strange thing, really, for five people to die at once, that
quickly, and I didn’t even know about it until after the funerals. A log truck
driven by a man with a history of seizures crossed over into their lane and in
whatever time it takes for two vehicles to slam into one another was how long
it took for five lives to end. Hopes and dreams, loves and memories, bodies and
souls, all of that was gone in less than a second. I still remember my sister
calling and telling me about it.
Of course, back when
no one thought I was going to live long enough to be able to see twenty-one, I
didn’t have a niece of a nephew, and neither of my sisters had been married. It
would take another twenty-two years before I would get married and that ended
poorly, but we both lived through it. No one saw me joining the Army, surviving
that, and no one ever thought I would live to see thirty, or forty, or, damn,
fifty.
Yet I am still here.
Do they ever wonder, those people who saw me carried out of
class in High School, limp as a wet rag and unconscious, did they ever stop and
wonder that perhaps even as large of a wreck as I might have been, that even at
that very moment, I was outliving them? They colored inside of the lines,
showed up for class, studied hard, went to church, and now, forty years later,
I’m still here. How does this sort of thing happen? How did life not punish
someone who lived on the edge for that long? I hitchhiked across country,
smoked more pot than any other two people in High School, drank like a fish,
lived in terrible neighborhoods, caught venomous snakes barehanded, and dated
redheads.
How the hell am I still alive?
The simple truth is life is filled with chances to die every
day. Some people are lucky and some people are not. I’ve been lucky to the
extreme and some people die young for no good reason. For all my addictions and
habits I have pretty much lived a quiet life for the last twenty-five years or
so. I’ve rescued dogs and one or two humans. I’ve read more than any two people
back in High School and I’m pretty sure I’ve written more than anyone else who
ever knew me. I think at this age I’ve pretty much outlived all the bitter old
women who tormented me in grade school. They’ve torn down that building that I
regarded as a prison. I meet people who tell me that High School was the best
four years of their lives and I can only pity them for that.
It’s odd, really, being fifty-five. It’s like being in a
place I had no idea I was going, didn’t want to be there, but here I am.
There’s a good half dozen or so people I would like to speak with before I die
and I would like to ask them was it worth it, to live by the rules, and to not
do the things that Mike did, and to spend a life in the same small town waiting
to join the rest of the family in the same grave plot, I mean, really?
I do not feel fifty-five. I feel as if there are more rules
to be broken, more excess to be explored, and more memories to be made. I feel
a certain kinship with that kid back in High School where everyone was sure he
was going to die, just because he lived.
Sunday, November 8, 2015
It was a little warm for a letter jacket but Terry wanted
everyone to see him wearing it before he handed it over to Debbie. Everyone
already knew they were going steady, and everyone was so jealous. She wanted to
wear the jacket to the concert but hadn’t said so, and Terry wanted her to ask.
He wanted her to ask him to take it off, and he was going to, but she had to
let him take her shirt off first. Debbie had been very firm up until last night
about letting him touch her but last night… Today, however, ARS was playing
here, in Dothan Alabama, and Terry had great seats. Coach Riverdale had somehow
gotten four tickets and so he, the backup quarterback Michael and his girl,
Cill, and Debbie were off to their first trip in Terry’s father’s car. Man, was
this great or what? He was the youngest starting quarterback ever at Hopkins
High. His driver’s license wasn’t a
month old and he was already at a ARS concert with Debbie. But right now he had
to pee.
He used the bathroom and washed his hands and something was
all over them. Something came out of the water faucet and…Terry looked up and
there was a monster in the mirror. He screamed, fell, and scrambled to get up
but nearly fell again. His legs…his..oh God. Where was he? Terry looked around
and he was not in Dories Auditorium. He was in a tiny stinking bathroom and it
was incredibly cold. He stood up and the monster looked back at him from the
mirror. Terry took a step back and fell again. His legs didn’t work at all. He
hurt his arm and when he looked at his hands he screamed again. They were
covered with sores and they were wrinkled, shriveled, and veins bugled out.
“Oh God” Terry whimpered.
He pulled himself up and looked in the mirror. The monster
was him. His hair was long, greasy, and matted. His face was wrinkled too, and
his teeth were yellow and crooked. There was a couple missing. PAIN! Suddenly
his body was racked with pain. His knees hurt, his back hurt, his mouth hurt,
and Terry moaned out loud. What the hell was this? He pulled at the hair and it
hurt, too, the hair was real. He shuffled to the door, crying, and when he
opened it a blast of cold air hit him. Snow fluttered around him and Terry
walked out into the freezing cold. What had happened? Where was he? Terry
staggered back into the bathroom and stared at the mirror. He was a million
years old, at least. How could this be? Terry tried to remember something,
anything, but his last memory was of going to the bathroom in Dothan. Was this
Dothan? Did he get amnesia and…? Terry doubled over and threw up. Blood. There
was blood in his puke. Oh Jesus. Pain racked his body and Terry fell into the
puke. He tried to get up and fell again. His legs, his legs didn’t work right,
his back hurt, his hips were on fire, and…
“Okay, Kevin, get the hell out of there dammit, Jesus you’re
bleeding, just get the hell out will you?”
A policeman stood in the doorway.
“Please, Officer, please help me, my name isn’t Kevin, I’m…,
“ Terry tried to explain but the cop grabbed him and flung him out of the door.
“I’ll Taz the hell out of you, you stupid jerk, now get the
hell out before I start cracking some ribs.” The cop advanced on Terry and
before he could stand up the cop kicked him. “Go on, get the hell out of here,
dammit.”
Terry half crawled and was half kicked away from the
bathroom. He was at a gas station but there were a lot of pumps, and the cars…
Terry stood up and stared. None of the cars looked right. They were smaller
than his dad’s Monte Carlo by far, and no one had a Trans Am or… Terry stumbled
towards the parking lot and nothing seemed real. There were tall buildings,
snow, and small cars. Where was he? Almost everyone he saw was talking to the
palm of their hands held up to their heads, or poking at something in their
hands. What were they doing? He stumbled away from the gas station and down the
street. There was a bar of some sort and they had the biggest television terry
had ever seen in his life. The thing was enormous. Wait! The giant televisions
were everywhere! The bar had one on every wall.
“Hey!” a man said to him, “Beat it!”
Terry stumbled away and sat down on the curb of the street.
He hurt all over. His ribs ached. Terry looked through his pockets and found
nothing at all worth anything at all. A newspaper rolled like tumbleweed past
him and he grabbed it. The print was small, and blurry, but he could make out
the date; 4 February, 2011. Terry stopped breathing for a few seconds. 2011?
2011? Oh God he was..fifty? No. No. He couldn’t be fifty! He looked at his
hands. His body ached. Where was he? The paper was from Las Vegas, Nevada. What
was he doing here?
Terry found another gas station and watched the cars. He saw
one every once in a while that looked familiar but mostly they were alien. The
people were talking and pushing buttons and he saw tiny television screen in
odd looking vans. The billboards were giant televisions too, and the people
looked weird. Some of them had bits of metal stuck in their faces. Terry
couldn’t figure it out. How did this happen? What had happened to him?
“Are you okay, sir?” There was a woman standing there, with
a bible.
“My name is Terry Sirmans, “Terry said, “and I am lost.”
The woman took him to a shelter and they fed him, and gave
him some new clothes. “I want to call my mom, “ Terry said, and they explained
to him how a “cell phone” worked. Terry punched in his parents’ number and
waited. The thought hit him like a hammer. They were likely dead by now. What
if they had moved?
“Hello?” it was a woman’s voice, but she sounded very young.
“My name is Terry Sirmans, “ Terry blurted out.
“I’m sorry you have the wrong number,” the woman said and
hung up.
Was his parents dead? Terry felt his eyes water and he
wondered what the hell had happened to him. When did they die? What had
happened? Did they know where he was? Has he been…? What? What had he been?
“Would you like to look for your family on the Internet?”
The bible woman suggested. Terry couldn’t remember her name.
“The what?”
“The Internet?” The woman asked again. “Face Book, maybe?”
Terry still couldn’t get over the “lap top” which looked
like a tv had mated with a typewriter. But the bible woman had found his old
address, and they had looked at the house he felt was still his home. They
couldn’t find his parents.
“Debbie Smitheart.” Terry blurted out, and the woman began
to type. They found a Debbie Smitheart
Collins in his hometown and the bible woman sent this woman an “instant
message”. The woman led Terry to a room with a cot and he fell asleep almost
immediately. It was a dream. He would be back home in his own bed when he woke
up.
“Mr. Sirmans?” It was the woman. Terry looked around and it
was light again. He hurt all over. The woman handed him a tiny phone.
“Hello?” he spoke into the phone.
“Who is this?” a woman asked.
“My name is Terry Sirmans” Terry said.
“What year did you graduate from High School?” the woman
asked.
“I didn’t,” Terry said, “I went to a concert one night and
suddenly I was here. I don’t remember anything past that night, Who is this?”
“This is Debbie.” And suddenly it sounded like her.
“Debbie?” Terry tried to remember what she looked like.
“Terry, your folks moved to Montgomery. They’re still alive.
Oh god is it really you?”
Terry sat on the edge of the bed in the hotel room and
stared at the television. It was huge, and flat as a pancake. His brother,
Richard was flying up to get him and take him home. But Terry wondered what
home would be like. What had happened to him? Why was he so old? He had spent
hours talking to doctors and looking at their internet and so much had happened
to the world since that night. What had happened? It was time. He walked down
to the hotel lobby and waited. A man was walking towards him, Richard? And
there was a much younger man with him, was this Richard’s son, they looks so
much alike. Suddenly Terry realized how much time was gone.
“Did you do this to someone?” Colleen asked. “Why? Why would
you, why would any one of you, do this to someone?”
“Why did you take the life of the animal that you took for
breakfast, Colleen?” Rhiannon asked. “You think it cruel to use a human being
in this manner? How many animals spend their lives in a cage for your
amusement, or tied to a tree until they die of old age?”
“You stole his life.” Colleen was furious.”You ruined the
lives of everyone who loved him.”
“This is still kinder than how you treat those animals you
use. I needed a host. He was a host. It’s the same way you use animals. ”
Rhiannon said simply. “And I do not like your tone.”
“I apologize.” Colleen said. She looked down.”It won’t
happen again.”
“See that it does not.” Rhiannon told her. “Regal cannot
protect you from me, and you know it.”
Tuesday, November 3, 2015
The woodpecker tree has fallen. I never could get a good
photo of it while it was standing because there are, there were, so many other
trees around it, but now that it’s on the ground I can explore it at my leisure.
It was tall enough to hit the trail and I didn’t think it was, but about two
meters of it slammed into the dogs’ path late last night or sometime today. We’ve
gotten over four inches of rain here in the last twenty-four hours and I
suspect that had something to do with it. It’s a little sad to see it down. The
damn thing had stood up there, dead as a hammer, for years.
I remember when it first died, and started losing limbs, I
started to cut it down then because of the threat to the dogs, but the woodpeckers need such trees. They find their food in rotted trees and they build
their nests there, too. Most people will take dead trees down very quickly and
this is a good thing from a human point of view, or even a dog point of view,
but from the point of view of the woodpeckers it’s a death sentence. So the
tree stood there and did what trees do when they die yet die standing.
Most people do not realize that trees simply die. They get
hit by lightning or they get a disease and some trees aren’t long lived to
begin with. But this was an Oak tree and I suspect it was lightning or bugs but
not lightning bugs. Whatever killed it did so quickly and after a while the
woodpeckers discovered the vacancy sign was lit.
Before the woodpeckers moved in there had to be a transition
between life and death. We humans couldn’t produce anything similar to a tree
to save our lives, and we might want to think about that. This is a structure
that stands upright with nearly all of its mass above its center of gravity. It
withstands hurricanes and storms yet it still stands. It carries a bough full
of leaves and limbs and branches high into the sky yet even never fails. Even
in death, the limbs and branches fall, yet there is the trunk, ten meters tall,
standing as if death itself must wait on trees to fully die.
The very top of the tree and a couple of limb broke off last
year and one piece was driven deeply into the ground. This is a real hazard,
but I’ll take photos of the tree and you might be amazed; there is no sign the dogs
have traveled around this tree in a couple of years. That’s right, the dogs,
all of them, have avoided getting near the dead tree. Do they know? I think
they do. What this does is keep my mutts safe, certainly, but it also allows
underbrush to grow near the tree which means saplings have risen up near the
tree. A parent tree, even in death, protects its young.
So seasons have come and gone, years have come and gone,
dogs have come and gone, yet there’s this dead tree, a condo for wood peckers,
hanging in there and standing like a wooden obelisk waiting for this day to
arrive. A couple of months ago I noticed a lean to it and too some pictures of
it. I know full well that once a dead tree starts leaning the end isn’t too far
away at all. Now, the home of wood peckers becomes the home for all the land
dwelling wood eaters and eventually, this tree will become soil.
I’m very likely to line my compost pile with the corpse of
this tree. It’s perfect for the job and there’s very few things that go a
compost pile as good as those things that are already eating away at the dead
tree. There’s a virtual soup of living creatures in that wood, large and small,
and the compost pile needs the residents. Compost kickstarter ex woodpecker
condo; it sounds like an alternate rock band from Colorado.
Yet with all of this comes some sadness. A tree has died and
finally fallen. Part of my daily routine in walking with the dogs was to try
and spot wood peckers on that tree, to see if it was still there, and wonder if
and when it would finally go. It was, and still is, a testament of how perfectly
well evolution has shaped trees to be the sky reachers and sunlight drinkers
that they are. Nature has perfected the tree so that even as it dies it becomes
useful to other creatures and when it falls it feeds many more. In life and in
death, trees are some of the most versatile and certainly the most beautiful beings
that have ever inhabited this earth. Unlike most organisms, and certainly
unlike humans, as they reach their full maturity they serve a vast number of
other species, with shade, food, homes, as a travel way for squirrels, a rest
stop for birds, and for an oxygen pump for everything that breathes on this
planet.
As the compost pile is blessed by the parts of the tree that
decompose, my garden will issue forth peppers and tomatoes and yes, flowers,
that will feed upon what was once this tree. There will be no waste, there will
be no remnants except those that are alive because of what the tree gave. There
will be insects that come to feed on my garden and there will be birds who
capture them and eat them, and all of this because of a tree, because of all
trees, and because this is the way that nature has always been, if we allow
Her.
The tree has fallen; its reign in that part of the sky is
now over. My world is a little less than what it was when that tree lived and
when it stood. Yet I will follow my obligation to see that which stood in the sky
will return to the earth, again.
Monday, November 2, 2015
“Hey DeMurrey, I hear you’re leaving us,” the guard said and
Larry couldn’t remember his name. The new prison was full of new faces and he
couldn’t keep up with everyone’s name anymore.
“Yeah, me and the wife are moving to Florida,” Larry
replied. “It’s time to move onto bigger and better things. I got my degree now.
I can be a real detective.”
“Your wife’s a dentist?” the man shook his head. “Get out of
this business while you still can.”
“It’s something in my blood.” Larry replied truthfully.
“You heard about Timmons?” the man asked.
“Timmons?” Larry knew he was bad at names now. A man whose
name he couldn’t remember was asking about another name he couldn’t remember.
“Yeah, the FBI Agent you worked with before the flood.” The
man said.
“What?”
“They found him dead up in Montana.” The man replied as he
left the locker room. “Suicide. He’s the one that kept trying to find Fuller.
He never gave up on that, you know?”
“Yeah?” Larry replied. “I think she drowned.” And Larry
never wished for anything to be true like he did that.
Two years, six months later….
Susan brushed her
daughter’s hair while listening out to whatever it was that had made Timmy go
silent. A quiet little boy was a little boy making trouble for his mother and
Susan silently slipped away from her daughter to find her son contemplating a
climb up the drawers of the cabinets to gain the countertop where cookies were
cooling.
“You were not, were you?” Susan arched an eyebrow at him and
Timmy fled to the safety of the living room where Larry was supposed to be
watching him, but had fallen under the spell of a football game. What on earth
is he going to be like when he’s big, Susan wondered and she knew, if genetics
meant anything, he would be a lot like his father.
Larry’s sister was coming down in the next day or two and
all four kids of the cousins would be together for the first time. Debbie was
barely two, her brother Timmy nearly five, and Bryce’s two were just a bit
older. Susan couldn’t see how Bryce and Larry grew up in the same household but
her sister in law still had that heart of gold thing going for her. The tattoos
were a bit much for Susan and she fought back the images of Debbie getting
inked up like that when she was old enough. It had been since…Susan went
through the math in her head, damn, well over a year since she and Larry had a
weekend away together. It was time. Whatever else could be said about Bryce,
children and dogs loved her. Was it time to get the kids a dog? Susan smiled at
the thought. Another child, but in fur.
Destin was as far from Jacksonville Florida, where they had
moved over two years ago as any place could be and still be in the state. Susan
loved the white beaches and clean water. Larry liked to drink beer and float.
They had made a vow of silence, to never speak of certain things, unless it was
absolutely certain no one else could hear them. Larry pushed Susan out on a
float until they were a hundred yards out or so.
“Are you sure about this?” Larry asked.
“Yes,” Susan replied and put a hand on his shoulder. He was
still working out and it was still working. “The kids need to grow up in a
smaller town. But not too small, Bryce has a perfect set up and she needs some
help. And she has a fenced in backyard.”
“You never let up, do you?” Larry laughed. “Yes, we will get
a dog.”
“You’ll like it out west.” Susan told him. “And we need to
put some distance between us and the past. I can set up shop anywhere. You can
finish your next degree. I need an accountant and we need to be able to explain
why we’re, uh, well off.”
“As long as there is beer, and the kids, and you.” Larry
sighed.
“And a dog.”
Susan walk along the beach alone. Larry was napping at the
hotel after they had feasted on fresh seafood and great wine. She had slipped
away unnoticed and she hoped to be back long before he awoke. She cut back up
to the hotel with the lighthouse on top of it, and then down a side street,
away from the tourists. There was a pink house with a sign out front that read,
“Madam Murrey Fortune Teller” and Susan went into the house without knocking.
“Yes, may I…” a small woman with grey hair walked into the
room but stopped speaking when she saw Susan. “Who are you?” she asked.
“You’re a psychic and you don’t know who I am?” Susan
laughed bitterly. “Yet I found you.”
“I knew you would come one day, Susan.” Christa said as she
sat down across the table from Susan. “You were one of the few people I could
never see. I thought that was perhaps because you could see me. I was right.”
“Your vision was derived from death, my own from childbirth,”
Susan said, “and no, Larry doesn’t know where I am, or where you are.”
“What do you want?” Christa asked.
“I have something for you.” Susan slid a large envelope across
the table. “There’s fifty grand in there. I recommend some place outside of the
states.”
“I understand.” Christa said but she didn’t pick the
envelope up.
“You were already out of that cell before the dam broke,
weren’t you?” Susan grinned. “You conned Timmons into helping you get out right
before all hell broke loose. Once the power was down and the walls fell you two
just walked right out of the front door.”
“The more simple a plan is the better chance there is that
it will work.” Christa smiled. “You of all people should know that.”
“I know that the
further away you are the safer my family will be.” Susan said bluntly.
“You still know that Larry and I killed someone.” Susan said
as she stood up. “That will hang over our heads forever and I won’t risk my
kids to see you put to sleep like an ailing pet.” Susan hesitated. “Why did you
never have kids, Christa?”
“The abuse from my stepfather damaged me.” Christa told her.
“You wanted to, didn’t you?” Susan pressed.
“Yes,” Christa looked away, “your vision is clear.”
“Yeah, I thought so,” Susan walked to the door and turned
around, “and that too, I think you’re a product of how men treat women, and I
can’t say I condone what you do or what you’ve done or what you will do, but
maybe one day you’ll make someone think about it.”
“I still have no idea why I cannot see you and you can me.”
Christa said.
“Leave the country.” Susan replied. “And you’ll never have
to worry about seeing me again. If you don’t I’ll take it as a threat.”
“I already know you are capable of killing, Susan, and I
know he will kill for you, and I know the two of you would blot me out of this
world with less care than you did for your lover.” Christa opened the envelope
and smiled. “I will leave the two of you alone, and I will go to Mexico.”
“Are you capable of not killing?” Susan asked.
“No.” Christa whispered.
“Good bye.” Susan said as she walked out of the house and
closed the door behind her.
Susan walked back to the beach and looked behind her. She
felt as if Christa was going to follow her, or harm her, she would know. Susan
closed her eyes and allowed the world to flow around her. She waded out into the
water and sat down in the clear sea. One more, she thought, a boy, a girl, and
a surprise, this time, she wouldn’t look, but she had stop taking the pill over
a month ago. Here, in this place, at this time, she would conceive once more,
for the last time. Her vision cleared and she saw a small woman, with grey hair
and her back bent, passing into Mexico where she would lose her aged appearance,
and once again, hunt.
Susan stood up and walked back to the hotel room and woke
her husband up. “Get me pregnant,” she said.
Sunday, November 1, 2015
It’s an odd feeling. Suppose at any given moment during the
day someone asked you how your socks felt and unless there was something stuck
in one of them, or they had gotten wet, or it was cold out and you were wearing
wool socks, you might not have noticed them at all. It’s that kind of feeling.
I’m dreaming and I know I’m dreaming but it’s a Sock Feeling, that knowing that
I’m dreaming, and it feels good to be sitting in the park again.
There’s several dreamscapes that reappear in my dreams and
one is of a small, clean, and neat little city where there’s never any people
but the buildings are nice. There’s a long rectangular park, greenspace
surrounded by buildings on the west end and homes by the time the park ends at
the east end. There’s a walking track around it and the track had two colors;
one for runners and the others for those who walk, and the walkers walk
counterclockwise and the runners run in the opposite direction. There are three
fountains and each of them look exactly the same. One is near the west end, one
in the middle, and one near the east end. I know this city by heart, but most
of my wanderings, in my dreams, have come on the east end where the comfortable
homes with their nice lawns are. There’s a house there, a normal looking wood frame
house with a porch and shutters and columns on the porch to hold the roof up
over the porch but everything is painted white. Trim, the front door, the
swing, the columns and even the mailbox hanging beside the front door is
painted picket fence white.
There’s a building near the west end of the park and I got
lost in that building one day because of all the sameness in it but other than
that building and that white house, and the three fountains, now that I think
on it, everything else is just as normal as anywhere else I’ve been. I’m
sitting on a park bench looking west and the top of the building, which looks
like a five story office building of some sort, is perfectly aligned with the
the fountain, which has three fluted tiers for the water to flowing into and
drop out of, and I can tilt my head, change the focus of my eyes, and it looks
like the top part of the fountain is sitting on top of the building.
That would be different, if an office building had water
slowly moving through it all day. The workers would wear swimsuits and paddle
around the break room but cell phones would be out of the question or enclosed
in waterproof cases. I like the idea of an office building being part of a
fountain and I like watching the sun going down and the water lights up.
“Human create their own viruses” a man sitting next to me
says and he wasn’t there a second ago. Scared the hell out of me he did, but I
stay asleep. “Ebola is being found dormant in survivors and we don’t know why
it’s there but our bodies keep it alive. We’ve been looking for the host all
these years and we never realize it was us. But that’s what we do,” the man
adds with a sigh, “we keep alive those things that keep repeating themselves;
reproduction is why we exist and it is our existence. We create the viruses to
kill off enough people so the rest of us can survive, so even when we kill it’s
so that we can keep replicating. It’s like throwing up to eat more.” The man
falls silent and I wonder if he’s about to pull a knife or something. He looks
homeless, like someone with nowhere to go and all the time on earth to get
there, but he’s nearly lucid, as if part of him resides in the real world while
part of him is living in a dream.
To a degree he can’t be argued with. The office building has
identical floors, someone, even if it was me, designed the park with matching
fountains. It’s only recently that people thought that mismatched socks might
be cool. But even in our works that are vastly different those works are very
much the same, are they not? Look at “Lord of the Rings”. It’s still made out
of the same letters that some child’s story about a frog who became king of New
York. Each person is made up of the same genetic building blocks as the amoeba
floating around in the water spilt from the fountain.
The sameness of our world catches up with me as I wonder why
humans react so strongly against anything that is new or different or alien.
Could it be that we’re hardwired to see anything that isn’t replication as a
threat? I hear him get up and move away from me and I’m glad to be alone again.
The sun is sinking lower than the building and the light begins to fade. I know
I cannot stay here much longer and I feel the urge to walk, to move from one
place to another, the ultimate act of replication as one foot is put in front
of another and repeated endlessly. Is this why so many of the homeless drift
from one place to another? It’s an act of repeating, of creating another
version of something the same; the day before.
“I’ve seen you here before” the woman says and this time I
half expected it. She’s replaced the homeless man and it almost looks like
she’s wearing his coat. She’s a small woman but she’s wearing a winter coat
that covers most of her body, and only her legs from the knees down are
visible. She’s Asian, maybe, but the accent is European. Her face smiles from
the eyes and I have to remember it’s impolite to stare.
“Yes” I reply simply and I stifle the urge to tell her she’s
beautiful. It’s the eyes, really, dark brown to the point of liquidity. It’s never a good thing to tell a beautiful
woman she’s beautiful until after she has allowed, until after she has
encouraged, the first kiss. She’s been told she’s beautiful endlessly,
thoughtlessly, as all beautiful women have been, and it’s meaningless to her
now, and it will be until there’s an emotional charge, a lightning strike, that
goes with it.
“I went to Paris with some friends,” she tells me as she
reads my thoughts, “and the first morning we were there a man took my picture,
came in from my right side and surprised me by snapping a photo of my face, and
he was no more than a meter away from me. It irritated me, shocked me a little,
and I wondered what the hell he thought he was doing.” She stopped and shifted around and she looked
at me as if she wondered if I was still listening. I tried not to stare at her
legs. I could tell she had some serious inkworks but I couldn’t see the
details. She continued…
“Later that day, we were standing in line at The Louvre when
he came up to us. He was with a tall blonde woman who translated for him. He
didn’t realize I spoke German, and I knew enough French to be dangerous. The
blonde’s name was Kathy and she told me that he wanted to sculpt me. Yes, here
I am, an American tourist in Paris, there for less than a week, and this man
wants to turn me into a piece of artwork.” She laughed as if she still found it
amusing but at the same time she looked as if the wonderment of it all still
surrounded her at all times. “I said no, but when he looked at me I knew that
he knew I would do it. Kathy wrote down an address to his workshop where he
trained students and did his own work. My friends were totally against it, but
later, after we had been drinking French wine for far too long, we decided to investigate
him.
His name was Lexington, no last or first name, and he was
locally famous in Paris. Kathy and he were in nearly every photo of his work,
when anyone at all was, and his studio/ workshop/ classroom was in a building
that was an abandoned factory of some sort. We had to go, just to look, and we
did.
There were a dozen students inside, all of the working on
stone, rock, anything difficult and impossible, this is where it was born. No
one stopped working, no one looked up as we entered the building but Kathy
greeted us, in a fashion, and she told me that I would be allowed to go further
but my friends would not. There was no way they would leave me alone in a
strange building in Paris but I surprised them and followed her to an ancient
elevator that was powered by students who suddenly rushed to turn the wooden
wheel that operated it. It creaked and shuddered as if it might fall apart
itself but we arrived at the second floor.
The workshop had in it several amazing pieces of artwork,
carved out of stone, and it was like standing at the birthplace of creation.
Here, was a life sized sculpture of a little boy, his left hand outstretched,
palm upwards, with a tiny stone toad craved out of the same rock as the hand
yet seemingly independent. Kathy translated from the Lexington, no, not Lexi,
or Lex, that this was to be a memorial for a child who had died very young and
his parents wanted a memorial that would matter and reflect. There was a statue
of carved pillar of stone; its detail painfully exquisite. It was a match to
one found at Pompeii and accidently destroyed. This was to be the replacement.
‘Why am I here?’ I had to ask the question even though there
would be no other reason for me to be there.
They led me to a corkboard on the wall where the photo of my
face had been printed out. I had turned towards him in surprise and slight
irritation. There were red marks on the photo as if he had been making
measurements. He pointed to a massive piece of marble in the middle of the
floor, it looked as if it were half a mountain to me, and told me he wanted to
carve this into me, and me into this.
How could anyone say no to becoming art? It would be me but
three times my size, to scale, and I went down to say good bye to my friends
and to tell them I would be staying. When I returned to the workshop he
photographed my face again, and my body in various positions. Kathy told me
that I could keep my clothes on and I knew that before we truly began that I
would be nude. I had never taken my clothes off for a stranger. I had never
taken someone I didn’t know as a lover and every women who has a young daughter
knows that each encounter with a man might be the same encounter her daughter
might have, years later. A mother wants her daughter to be immunized to mistakes
her mother has made but deep down inside she knows that physical attraction is
an addiction very few can withstand. Even as this young man with a small beard
and a covering of dust studied me I knew that he was thinking of more than just
a woman made of stone and despite myself, I was thinking of what it would feel
like to be more than made of stone. The divorced had crippled me emotionally
yet in this ancient building with a piece of a mountain waiting to be a mirror,
I felt the stirrings of life again.
What does a woman tell her family, her friends, her
employer, herself, when at thirty years old she quits her life to stay in Paris
to become a model? Yet my children were young and they would agree it was the
right thing to do, and forever they would live to see the day they might dare
some adventure. But yes, it was selfish of me, and the second day that I spent
sitting for hours, first in one position and then another, with a man standing,
walking around me, looking at me closely, standing across that great room from
me, and asking me, motioning to me for he spoke little English and I very
little French, finally, I walked out and gathered my things at the hotel, and I
moved into the studio. It was an explicit surrender to the process and to the
artist. It also prompted Kathy to move out.”
I began losing her. The sun was going down and I knew when
darkness fell things would change. She curled up on the bench and faced me, and
suddenly, I knew under that coat she wore nothing at all, and she had walked
around the city, naked but covered, that day.
“The next day I took my clothes off for the first time for a
stranger and sat still and waited. My body reacted to his words, his gestures,
his gentle repositioning, but he didn’t touch me except as an artist. There was
to be another two days of this, with he looking and I sitting still, he would
touch me, reposition me, guide me, and I could feel my body willfully obey and
my mind saying it was madness and my heart saying to leap into this. Finally on
the fourth day we kissed and for that moment on my body was his to command
during the process and during the night. We lived together, cooked together,
drank together, and we turned a stone into a reflection of who I looked like
during this time.
It was finished. I stood and marveled at it and that
expression on my face was the very first and the very same in the photo. Kathy
returned, as she always did, for the one feature what was not mine was the long
hair of the statue, which belonged to her; I cut mine before the trip, from
past my shoulders to as short as you see me wearing now. Oddly, he meant to
carry the sculpture out to sea and leave it in water that was ten meters deep.
It was a popular site for divers and forever I would remain there, with that
expression on my face as they explored me. I returned home to my family and
everyone was excited over what had happened. It was difficult for me to explain
what had happened to me in the last nine months, but it was the same length of
time as a pregnancy but this time I had given birth to myself.”
Without another word she got up and walked away, a slight
swaying in her walk as if she were still at sea, still adrift, but happily, in
the City of Dreams.
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About Me
The Non Disclaimer
My writing reflects the things I see, think, and experience, and those things in my past that have led me to be me. It is not always pretty, it is not always funny, and no one has ever made mention of my life as a Disney Movie. If sex, drugs, profanity, or a general irreverence for all things religious somehow offends you, well, there are other blogs which will satisfy your need for self assurance. |
Improvement of the working alliance in one treatment session predicts improvement of depressive symptoms by the next session.
Developments in working alliance theory posit that the therapist's attention to fluctuations in the alliance throughout treatment is crucial. Accordingly, researchers have begun studying the alliance as a time-varying mechanism of change rather than as a static moderator. However, most studies to date suffer from bias owing to the nonindependence of error term and predictors (endogeneity). Patients with major depressive disorder (N = 84) from a randomized trial comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy with interpersonal psychotherapy filled out the Beck Depression Inventory-II before each session. After each session, patients and therapists filled out the Working Alliance Inventory short forms. Data were analyzed using the generalized method of moments for dynamic panel data, a method commonly applied in econometrics to eliminate endogeneity bias. Improvement of the alliance predicted significant reduction of depressive symptoms by the next session (patient rating: b = -4.35, SE = 1.96, p = .026, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-8.19, -0.51]; therapist rating: b = -4.92, SE = 1.84, p = .008, 95% CI [-8.53, -1.31]). In addition, there was a significant delayed effect on the session after the next (patient rating: b = -3.25, SE = 1.20, p = .007, 95% CI [-5.61, -0.89]; therapist rating: b = -5.44, SE = 1.92, p = .005, 95% CI [-9.20, -1.68]). If the quality of patient-therapist alliance is improved in a given treatment session, depressive symptoms will likely decrease by the next session. The most important limitation of this study is its relatively small sample size. (PsycINFO Database Record |
4 + y + 5*y - 5*y - y - 2 + 2 - 2*y)*(-10 + y + 2 + y).
-48*y**2 + 64*y
Expand (-3*n**2 + n**2 + 3*n**2)*(0 + 0 + 3*n) + ((2 + 4 - 4)*(0 + 0 - n) + n - 3*n - 5*n)*(2 - 2 + 4*n)*(3*n - 5*n + 3*n).
-33*n**3
Expand 41*l + 142*l**2 - 63*l**2 - 68*l**2 + (l - 3 + 3)*(-l - 2*l + 2*l).
10*l**2 + 41*l
Expand (-235*v - 81*v + 162*v)*(-37*v - 186 + 186 + (-4*v + 2*v + 0*v)*(-3 + 1 + 0)).
5082*v**2
Expand 0*l**5 + 0*l**5 - l**5 + (-9*l**3 - l**3 + 2*l**3)*(0*l - 5*l + l)*(1 + 4 - 4)*(0 + 0 - l).
-33*l**5
Expand (-468 - 1136 - 680 - 554 + 2 + 1 - 4 + (0 - 1 + 0)*(4 - 4 + 2) + 4 - 2 + 0 + 4 - 1 - 1 + 1 + 1 - 1 - 3 + 1 + 5)*(-5 + 5 - 2*k).
5666*k
Expand 2*o - 2 + 2 + (1 + 5 - 4)*(36 - 211 - 50)*(28*o + 59*o - 3*o).
-37798*o
Expand (-297 + 297 + 35*i)*(-28*i - 2*i - 4*i + i - 50).
-1155*i**2 - 1750*i
Expand ((3 - 3 - 1)*(2*f + 0 + 0) + 3*f - 4*f - 7*f)*(24 - 17 + 33 + (1 - 2 + 0)*(-4 + 0 + 2) - 1 + 0 + 2).
-430*f
Expand (-44 + 298 + 338 + 129 - 174)*(i**2 + i**2 + 0*i**2).
1094*i**2
Expand -1093*n - 1 + 2146*n - 1079*n + (0*n + 0*n + 2*n)*(-2 + 6 - 3).
-24*n - 1
Expand 50*w + 59*w - 11*w + (0 + 1 + 1)*(w + 2*w - 5*w) + w - 4*w + w + (-5 + 0 + 3)*(-w + w + 5*w).
82*w
Expand (1 + 2*s - s**2 - 6*s + 3*s)*(-4 + 6 + 4)*(4 - 5 - 1).
12*s**2 + 12*s - 12
Expand (-896 + 3*n**2 + 669 - 591 - 1677)*(3 + 0 - 4).
-3*n**2 + 2495
Expand 0*f - 4*f + 2*f + f - f + 2*f + (f - 1 + 1)*(-1 + 5 - 2) - 326 + 326 - 16*f + 297 + 7*f - 2*f - 298.
-9*f - 1
Expand (209*i**2 - 34*i**2 + 58*i**2)*(4 - 3 + 0) - 2 + 2*i**2 + 2.
235*i**2
Expand 2*o**3 - 16*o**2 + 16*o**2 + 2*o + (9*o - 150 + 150)*(-5*o**2 + 4*o - 4*o).
-43*o**3 + 2*o
Expand -3*x - 3*x + 3*x + (2 - 4 + 3)*(2 - 4 + 1 + (-3 + 1 + 0)*(-1 + 6 - 3) + 6 + 72 + 19)*(5 - 5 + x + (2 - 2 - x)*(1 - 5 + 3)).
181*x
Expand (-3 + 3 - n)*(4 - 4 - 2)*(-27*n - 46 + 46).
-54*n**2
Expand (2*b**3 + b**2 - b**2)*(3 + 0 + 1) + (-3 + 3 - 2*b**2)*(-b + 4*b - 6*b + 7*b - 3232 + 3232 + (4*b - b - 5*b)*(-6 + 2 + 2)).
-8*b**3
Expand -150*v + 4116*v**2 + 273*v - 123*v + (-v**2 - 4*v + 4*v)*(4 - 1 - 1).
4114*v**2
Expand (-2*z**3 + 0 + 2*z**5 - 1 - 4*z**5 + z**5 + 0*z**5 - 4*z**5 + (0 + 0 + z**2)*(-3*z**3 + z**3 + z**3))*(1229 + 1035 - 1838).
-2556*z**5 - 852*z**3 - 426
Expand (-16 - 6*c + 16)*(1044*c - 6 - 518*c - 522*c - 2*c**2).
12*c**3 - 24*c**2 + 36*c
Expand (-1560*n - 1511*n + 2928*n + 3)*(3*n - 3*n + 8*n**2).
-1144*n**3 + 24*n**2
Expand -5*z**3 + 2*z**3 - 2*z**3 + (-3*z**2 + 0*z**2 + 2*z**2)*(2*z - 5*z + 5*z) + 881*z**2 - 881*z**2 - 3*z**3 + 1 - 5*z**3 - 1.
-15*z**3
Expand ((-2*k + 3*k + k)*(-5*k**3 + 0*k**3 + 6*k**3) + 5*k**4 + 0*k**4 - 3*k**4)*(-888 + 3*k + 435 + 526).
12*k**5 + 292*k**4
Expand (-7*p + 6*p + 11*p)*(-288*p - 582*p + 354*p).
-5160*p**2
Expand (1 - 1 - 2*f)*(2 - 7 - 2) + 7 - 7 - f + (-3*f + 0*f + 2*f)*(-3 - 3 - 2).
21*f
Expand (-1 - 4*a + 1)*(4293*a + 4944*a - 3881*a + 3591*a).
-35788*a**2
Expand (75 - 94 + 244)*(0*j**2 + 5*j**2 - 2*j**2).
675*j**2
Expand 117*l**3 + 28*l**3 - 30*l**3 + (l**2 + l - l)*(-l + l - l) + 3*l - 3*l + l**3 + (-3*l + 4*l - 4*l)*(3*l**2 - 3*l**2 - 2*l**2).
121*l**3
Expand (-10*u - 71 + 71)*(4*u - 3*u - 3*u)*(-40*u**3 + 25*u**3 - 34*u**3).
-980*u**5
Expand (2 + 4*l + 0*l - 2*l)*(0*l + 0*l + 2*l)*(-1850*l + 3576*l - 2210*l).
-1936*l**3 - 1936*l**2
Expand (-20*p + 2*p + p)*(40 + 46 - 223*p + 224*p).
-17*p**2 - 1462*p
Expand (-4*m**2 + m**2 - 2*m**2)*(-639 + 682 - 381).
1690*m**2
Expand -2*g**3 - 2 + 17*g**3 + 0 + (22*g**3 - 11*g**3 - 23*g**3)*(-5 - 2 + 4).
51*g**3 - 2
Expand (1 - 2 + 0)*(55 - 13*y**2 - 57*y**2 + 68*y**2).
2*y**2 - 55
Expand 0*d**2 + d**4 + 4*d**2 + 2 - 1 + (-13*d**4 - 31*d**4 + 8*d**4)*(-12 - 26 - 12) + 0*d**4 + 2*d**4 - 4*d**4.
1799*d**4 + 4*d**2 + 1
Expand (203 - 207 - 5*b - 7*b)*(15*b**3 - 17*b**4 - 15*b**3).
204*b**5 + 68*b**4
Expand (t - 6*t + t + (8*t + 35 - 35)*(-6 - 2 + 6))*(3*t**2 - 2*t**2 + 2*t**2).
-60*t**3
Expand (g - g - 2*g)*(3*g + 4*g + g + (2*g + 0*g + 4*g)*(-3 + 4 + 0)) - 4*g**2 - g**2 + 0*g**2.
-33*g**2
Expand (-3*f + 6*f - f)*(2*f**4 + 0*f**2 + 0*f**2) - 3*f**5 - 3*f**5 + 5*f**5 - f**5 + 4*f**5 - f**5 - 517*f**4 + 517*f**4 - 439*f**5.
-434*f**5
Expand (-3*a + 5*a + a)*(-1 - a + 1 + (1 - 1 + 1)*(-3*a + 0*a + a)) + (-15 + 7*a + 15)*(1 + 0 + 2)*(a + 3 - 3).
12*a**2
Expand (1 - 4 + 2 + (-7 + 6 + 27)*(7 - 6 - 13))*(4 - 3 - 2)*(3 - o - 3)*(-2*o + 2*o + 4*o).
-1252*o**2
Expand (1941*x - 2732*x + 1926*x)*(3 - 3 + 4*x).
4540*x**2
Expand (7*a + 642 - 642)*(-3*a - a + 2*a) + (3*a - 5*a + a)*(0*a - a + 0*a) + (-7*a + a + 4*a)*(a + 3*a - a).
-19*a**2
Expand (-96 - 44 - 19 + (3 - 6 + 1)*(-5 + 2 - 1))*(0*d - 2*d + 0*d).
302*d
Expand (-37*s - 7*s + 17*s)*(-2*s + 0 + 0) + s**2 - 3 + 3 + (-4 - s + 4)*(-2*s + 0*s + 4*s).
53*s**2
Expand 3*d**2 - 10*d**2 + 4*d**2 + (3 - 1 + 1)*(10 - d - 3*d**2 - 10).
-12*d**2 - 3*d
Expand (-4*p + 6*p - 3*p)*(-2*p**2 + 4*p - 4*p) - p**3 + 0*p**3 + 2*p**3 + (1 - 1 + 2*p)*(7 + 30 - 4 - 5*p**2).
-7*p**3 + 66*p
Expand (-292 + 1870 - p**2 + 412 + 119)*(-3*p**2 + 3*p**2 - 4*p**2).
4*p**4 - 8436*p**2
Expand (-1 + 705*n - 708*n - 97*n**3 - 1)*(-18*n**2 + 3*n**2 - 6*n**2).
2037*n**5 + 63*n**3 + 42*n**2
Expand -1114*k**2 + 5*k**5 + k + 1108*k**2 - 8*k**5 + 2 - 2 + 2*k**5 + (2 + 3*k**2 - 2)*(-k**3 + 2*k**3 - 3*k**3) - k**5 + k**4 - k**4.
-8*k**5 - 6*k**2 + k
Expand (-4*b - 9*b**2 + 0*b + 2*b)*(40538 - 361*b**2 - 40538).
3249*b**4 + 722*b**3
Expand -18*v**3 + 22*v**3 + 16*v**3 + 0 - 2*v**3 + 0 + (v**2 + v**2 - 3*v**2)*(1 - 1 + v) - v**3 - 5*v**3 + 3*v**3.
14*v**3
Expand (81*a - 25*a - 2 - 34*a)*(5 - 2 + 0)*(3*a + a - 5*a)*(2*a + 5 - 5).
-132*a**3 + 12*a**2
Expand (-2*x**2 + 3 - 3)*(4 - 2 - 4)*(1029*x - 816*x + 912*x).
4500*x**3
Expand -179*t**2 - 195*t**2 + 100*t**2 + (-2*t + 3*t + 2*t)*(t - 4*t + t).
-280*t**2
Expand (-1619*z + 2 + 811*z + 807*z - 328*z**2)*(0*z**2 + 4*z**2 - 3*z**2).
-328*z**4 - z**3 + 2*z**2
Expand (48*t + 9 - 10 + 1)*(6898 - 6898 + 1048*t).
50304*t**2
Expand (-l + 4*l - 5*l)*(14253*l - 14253*l - l**4 - 468).
2*l**5 + 936*l
Expand 5*l - 5*l - 2*l**2 - 2*l**2 - 3*l**2 + 4*l**2 + (2*l + 2*l - 5*l)*(0*l - 3*l + l) + (3*l**2 + l**2 - 5*l**2)*(48 + 32 + 213).
-294*l**2
Expand -565*x**3 + 565*x**3 + 37*x**4 + (x**3 - x**3 - 2*x**3)*(0*x - 2*x - x) - 12*x**2 + 12*x**2 - 5*x**4.
38*x**4
Expand (-1 + 5 - 2)*(2 + 0 + 0)*(3972*m**4 + 11351968*m - 11351968*m).
15888*m**4
Expand (-4 - 3 + 5)*(0 + 0 - 3*d) - 67*d + 157*d + 516*d.
612*d
Expand (0 - 2 + 1 + (-1 + 1 - 2)*(-2 + 4 - 3) + (-54 + 68 - 44)*(-4 + 0 + 5)*(21 - 5 - 9))*(6*r - 3*r - r).
-418*r
Expand (2 + n - 2)*(2*n + 3*n - 6*n) + 3934*n**2 - 2280*n**2 + 6056*n**2 - 1 + 3*n**2 - 3*n**2 + n**2 - 3*n**2 - 3*n**2 + 5*n**2.
7709*n**2 - 1
Expand (4*b - b + 0*b)*(-5 + 4 + 0) + 10*b + 16*b + 3*b + (-5 + 1 + 2)*(3*b - 3*b + 3*b).
20*b
Expand -2*v**4 + 5*v**4 + 8*v**4 + (-5*v**2 + 6*v**2 + 2*v**2)*(2*v**2 - 3*v**2 - 2*v**2) + 2*v**4 + 8*v - 8*v.
4*v**4
Expand (1447*o**2 - 365*o**2 + 1897*o**2)*(-3*o**3 + 2*o + 6*o**3 - 2*o**3) + (1 - o**4 - 1)*(o - o - 2*o).
2981*o**5 + 5958*o**3
Expand (-x - x - x)*(-12*x**3 - 8*x**3 + 16*x**3) - 77*x**4 + 60*x**4 + 42*x**4.
37*x**4
Expand 6*p**3 + 2*p**5 - 6*p**3 + (-3*p**5 - 4*p + 4*p)*(-1 + 3 - 1) - 23*p**5 - 5*p**5 - 4*p**5.
-33*p**5
Expand (-6445 - 2268*z + 6445)*(7 - 5 + 4 + (5 - 2 - 1)*(0 + 2 - 3) + 1 - 3 + 1).
-6804*z
Expand ((1 - 2 + 2)*(4 + t - 4) - 3 + 0*t - 2*t + 3*t + (4 + 2 - 5)*(-15*t + 3*t - 5*t) + 5*t - 5*t - 3*t)*(4*t + 0*t - 2*t).
-36*t**2 - 6*t
Expand (2 - 2 + 3*r**2)*(2 + r**2 - 3 + r**2)*(22*r - 7*r - 7*r).
48*r**5 - 24*r**3
Expand (1889*o**3 + 1120*o**3 - 848*o**3)*((2 - 2*o - 2)*(0 - 3 + 1) - 2*o - 2*o + 3*o + 0*o - o + 3*o + o + 0*o - 2*o).
8644*o**4
Expand (2618*h**2 - 5481*h**2 + 2619*h**2)*(14 - 14 - 9*h).
2196*h**3
Expand 0*s + 2*s + 0*s - 21*s - 12*s + 8*s - 6*s + 0*s - s - 5*s + 4*s - s + 5*s - 3*s + 0*s + (1 - 1 + 1)*(2*s + s - 2*s).
-29*s
Expand (-18 - 1 - 22)*(-2052 + 241*u + 2052).
-9881*u
Expand -4*c**4 + 4*c**4 - 2*c**4 + (c + c - 4*c)*(12*c**2 - 10*c**2 + 22*c**2)*(184*c - 14*c - 30*c).
-6722*c**4
Expand (545 - 146 + 2*v + 1627)*(2*v - 2*v - 2*v**2).
-4*v**3 - 4052*v**2
Expand -80*b**4 + 80*b**4 + 17*b**5 + (0*b - 3*b + 2*b)*(7 - 14 + 2)*(3*b + 2*b**4 - 3*b).
27*b**5
Expand -108*d + 14*d + 53*d + 7 + 6*d - 7 - 2*d + d + 2*d + (0*d - d - d)*(-1 + 4 |
Activity of muscle spindles, motor cortex and cerebellar nuclei during action tremor.
Repeated electrode penetration of the dentate and interpositus nuclei in a rhesus monkey transformed an 11-13 Hz physiologic tremor into a much larger action tremor at 5-7 Hz. This tremor was associated with muscle spindle spike train modulation and reflexly evoked tremor modulation of interpositus and motor cortex neurons as well as electromyogram (EMG). No tremor modulation was observed in spike trains recorded from dentate. The timing relationships of the spindle, EMG, and interpositus tremor discharges suggest that the interpositus plays a direct role in tremor suppression. Dentate, by contrast, may function indirectly by setting optimal transcortical long loop reflex dynamics concerned with intended voluntary movement. |
Update 8/26/19: Congratulations to the winners!
1st place
2nd place:
https://twitter.com/wax_io/sta...
https://twitter.com/wax_io/sta...
3rd place:
https://twitter.com/wax_io/sta...
https://twitter.com/wax_io/sta...
Update 08/18/2019 - Review Phase:
We're currently reviewing all entries thoroughly from all perspectives: Idea, integration, visuals and code. Since there's alot of money on the line, we want to make sure, we pick the right winners. All winners will be announced through Twitter at @wax_io. Thanks for your patience!
Update 07/23/2019 - Round 2 is over. These are the final participants:
@BrmOpen
@MarlonWilliams
@cc32d9
@pinknetworkx
@DEOS_Games
@velesdapp
@EOS_CryptoLions
@EosCrash
@NebulaProtocol
@eoscafeblock
@WAXLucky
@KeithMukai
@AlexDeveloping
@_Kevin44_
All projects on this list now have until July 30, 2019 @ 11:59pm EST to finalize their projects and win up to $10,000!
---
Now that the WAX Blockchain is live, we’re launching a $25,000 #BuildOnWAX competition. Duplicate an existing EOS dApp onto WAX or build a brand new one, and you can be one of the three prize winners and earn up to $10,000!
Requirements:
- Duplicate an existing EOS dApp on WAX or build a dApp on WAX
Prizes:
Five entrants will win prizes, totalling $25,000.
1st place: $10,000
2nd place (two winners): $5,000
3rd place (two winners): $2,500
How to enter the #BuildOnWAX competition:
There will be three entry rounds. To enter for each round (and subsequent rounds if you apply), tweet a link to your project to @wax_io using the hashtag #BuildOnWAX
Round 1: Enter your project by July 15, 2019 @ 11:59pm EST
Round 2: All entrants of Round 1 will have until July 22, 2019 @ 11:59pm EST to improve their projects. No new entries will be permitted into this Round - it is only open to participants of Round 1.
Round 3: Select entrants of Round 2 will have until July 30, 2019 @ 11:59pm EST to improve and finalize their projects. No new entries will be permitted into this Round.
How to launch EOS dApps on WAX:
1) Visit account.wax.io and make a WAX Blockchain account (requires linking a Scatter wallet)
2) Have enough WAX staked in your account to allocate resources
3) Install the standard cleos developer tool. You can install that following the setup instructions in our main repo: https://github.com/worldwide-asset-exchange/wax-blockchain
4) Ensure that you have compiled your contract with a compatible CDT. Currently this is EOS CDT 1.4.1
5) Make an account for your smart contract:
cleos -u https://chain.wax.io system newaccount <myWAXAccount> <contractAccount> <contractAccountPublicKey> --stake-net '0.50000000 WAX' --stake-cpu '0.50000000 WAX' --buy-ram-kbytes <sufficient RAM for your contract>"
6) Deploy your smart contract:
cleos set contract <contractAccount> <path to my compiled contract code> <wasm file name>.wasm <abi file name>.abi
These instructions can be performed easily by using dockerized equivalents of these commands. This is demonstrated in our Hello World example which is available here: https://github.com/worldwide-asset-exchange/wax-blockchain/tree/develop/samples/hello-world
Resources:
WAX GitHub
How to launch an EOS dApp on WAX in six easy steps
WAX ExpressTrade API
WAX Creator
Video tutorials showing how to integrate the WAX ExpressTrade API
OPSkins API
Good luck!
---
Let us know what you think by joining the WAX community:
Twitter
Telegram
Reddit |
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley attends the United Nations Security Council session on imposing new sanctions on North Korea, in New York, U.S., December 22, 2017. REUTERS/Amr Alfiky
UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - The United States is withholding $255 million in aid from Pakistan because of its failure to cooperate fully in America’s fight against terrorism, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley said on Tuesday.
“The administration is withholding $255 million in assistance to Pakistan. There are clear reasons for this. Pakistan has played a double game for years,” she told reporters at the United Nations. “They work with us at times, and they also harbour the terrorists that attack our troops in Afghanistan.
“That game is not acceptable to this administration. We expect far more cooperation from Pakistan in the fight against terrorism.” |
The Mountain Moonshine Festival – Dawsonville, Georgia
The Mountain Moonshine Festival
It’s that time of year; the time when friends, family, and members of the small town of Dawsonville, Georgia gather to welcome over 150,000 racing fans and auto enthusiasts. According to the 2012 United States Census, the town of Dawsonville, which covers just 1.9 square miles, holds 2,255 people. The 2012 Moonshine Festival was estimated at just close to 150,000 people. That’s more than 5 times than how many citizens live in the whole county.
But one may ask, what makes 150,000 spectators visit our tiny town? Way back in 1967, a man named Fred Goswick, a former moonshiner, set up two tables in front of the historic courthouse. On the October weekend, Fred displayed an old moonshine jug, along with some home-grown vegetables, and thus, what’s known as the Mountain Moonshine Festival was born. Until the late 80’s, the festival was held during three weekends, but wasn’t that large. One year, Gordon Pirkle, owner of the famous “Dawsonville Pool Room”, invited four friends, each who owned a 1940 Ford Coupe. He allowed the show cars to park at the old courthouse where Fred Goswick’s old display was. Not too long after the ‘moonshine era’ cars started to arrive, the name was changed to the ‘Moonshine Festival’ and attendance more than doubled, just because of the name.
In the early 1990’s, racing legend, Gober Sosebee started to bring his restored 1939 Ford racecar on display, which started the trend of the racecar parade. A man by the name of J.B Day offered to purchase Sosebee’s car, but was turned down. This persuaded Day to build himself a racecar of his own, which started his collection of almost two dozens vintage racecars in which he brings for all to enjoy.
Today, the festival draws over 50 vintage racecars (most were actual racers, not replicas) over 200 ‘moonshine era’ cars (1940 Fords, etc) and in total, over 1,500 cars – street rods, classics, hot rods, etc. You definitely will see something that you have never have before. There is also a craft show that hosts over 200 vendors and an auto-parts swap meet. This year will be a first with a live outdoor concert on Saturday evening featuring the country band, Confederate Railroad.
Another Moonshine tradition is the Grand Marshall. Since 1997, we’ve had interesting and historic ‘Master of Ceremonies’. Fred Goswick was named Honorary Grand Marshall for the first time in 97, and since, legends such as Raymond Parks, David Pearson, Bill Elliott, Louise Smith, Russ Truelove, Bud Moore, Buddy Baker, Bobby Allison, Ray Fox and more have all been honored to serve the weekend long term. This year, Jeff & Mark, from the hit Discovery Channel program, “Moonshiners”, will serve as “Grand Marshalls”.
So, if you ever find yourself near Dawsonville, Georgia during the 4th Weekend of October, it’s well worth your time to visit the ‘Mountain Moonshine Festival’. |
package workers
import (
"fmt"
"time"
"github.com/garyburd/redigo/redis"
)
type Fetcher interface {
Queue() string
Fetch()
Acknowledge(*Msg)
Ready() chan bool
FinishedWork() chan bool
Messages() chan *Msg
Close()
Closed() bool
}
type fetch struct {
queue string
ready chan bool
finishedwork chan bool
messages chan *Msg
stop chan bool
exit chan bool
closed chan bool
}
func NewFetch(queue string, messages chan *Msg, ready chan bool) Fetcher {
return &fetch{
queue,
ready,
make(chan bool),
messages,
make(chan bool),
make(chan bool),
make(chan bool),
}
}
func (f *fetch) Queue() string {
return f.queue
}
func (f *fetch) processOldMessages() {
messages := f.inprogressMessages()
for _, message := range messages {
<-f.Ready()
f.sendMessage(message)
}
}
func (f *fetch) Fetch() {
f.processOldMessages()
go func() {
for {
// f.Close() has been called
if f.Closed() {
break
}
<-f.Ready()
f.tryFetchMessage()
}
}()
for {
select {
case <-f.stop:
// Stop the redis-polling goroutine
close(f.closed)
// Signal to Close() that the fetcher has stopped
close(f.exit)
break
}
}
}
func (f *fetch) tryFetchMessage() {
conn := Config.Pool.Get()
defer conn.Close()
message, err := redis.String(conn.Do("brpoplpush", f.queue, f.inprogressQueue(), 1))
if err != nil {
// If redis returns null, the queue is empty. Just ignore the error.
if err.Error() != "redigo: nil returned" {
Logger.Println("ERR: ", err)
time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
}
} else {
f.sendMessage(message)
}
}
func (f *fetch) sendMessage(message string) {
msg, err := NewMsg(message)
if err != nil {
Logger.Println("ERR: Couldn't create message from", message, ":", err)
return
}
f.Messages() <- msg
}
func (f *fetch) Acknowledge(message *Msg) {
conn := Config.Pool.Get()
defer conn.Close()
conn.Do("lrem", f.inprogressQueue(), -1, message.OriginalJson())
}
func (f *fetch) Messages() chan *Msg {
return f.messages
}
func (f *fetch) Ready() chan bool {
return f.ready
}
func (f *fetch) FinishedWork() chan bool {
return f.finishedwork
}
func (f *fetch) Close() {
f.stop <- true
<-f.exit
}
func (f *fetch) Closed() bool {
select {
case <-f.closed:
return true
default:
return false
}
}
func (f *fetch) inprogressMessages() []string {
conn := Config.Pool.Get()
defer conn.Close()
messages, err := redis.Strings(conn.Do("lrange", f.inprogressQueue(), 0, -1))
if err != nil {
Logger.Println("ERR: ", err)
}
return messages
}
func (f *fetch) inprogressQueue() string {
return fmt.Sprint(f.queue, ":", Config.processId, ":inprogress")
}
|
//
// Copyright (c) LightBuzz Software.
// All rights reserved.
//
// http://lightbuzz.com
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
// are met:
//
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
// INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
// BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
// OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
// AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
// LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY
// WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
// POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
namespace LightBuzz.Vitruvius.WPF
{
/// <summary>
/// Provides Kinect utility functionality for WPF projects.
/// </summary>
[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilerGenerated]
class NamespaceDoc
{
}
}
|
<?php
namespace app\models\faker;
use app\jobs\ExtensionImportJob;
use app\models\Extension;
use Yii;
use yii\helpers\Json;
use yii\queue\Queue;
/**
*
* @author Carsten Brandt <mail@cebe.cc>
*/
class ExtensionFaker extends BaseFaker
{
public $depends = [
UserFaker::class,
ExtensionCategoryFaker::class,
];
/**
* @return Extension
*/
public function generateModel()
{
$faker = $this->faker;
$extension = new Extension();
$extension->initDefaults();
$extension->scenario = $faker->randomElement(['create_packagist', 'create_custom']);
switch($extension->scenario) {
case 'create_packagist':
$extension->from_packagist = 1;
$extension->setAttributes([
'packagist_url' => $this->getFreePackagistName(),
'category_id' => $faker->randomElement($this->dependencies[ExtensionCategoryFaker::class])->id,
'tagNames' => implode(', ', $faker->words($faker->randomDigit)),
]);
$extension->validate();
$extension->populatePackagistName();
$extension->description = null;
$extension->license_id = null;
break;
case 'create_custom':
$extension->from_packagist = 0;
$content = $faker->paragraphs($faker->randomDigit + 2);
// add some code elements and headlines
foreach($content as $i => $c) {
$r = random_int(0, 100);
if ($r < 50) {
$content[$i] = str_repeat('#', random_int(1, 4)) . ' ' . ucfirst($faker->sentence(3)) . "\n\n" . $content[$i];
} elseif ($r < 70) {
$content[$i] = "```php\n" . $content[$i] . "\n```\n";
}
}
$extension->setAttributes([
'name' => $this->extensionName(),
'category_id' => $faker->randomElement($this->dependencies[ExtensionCategoryFaker::class])->id,
'yii_version' => $faker->randomElement(['1.1', '2.0', 'all']),
'license_id' => $faker->randomElement(array_keys(Extension::getLicenseSelect())),
'tagNames' => implode(', ', $faker->words($faker->randomDigit)),
'tagline' => $faker->sentence(8),
'description' => implode("\n\n", $content),
]);
break;
}
$extension->detachBehavior('blameable');
$extension->owner_id = $faker->randomElement($this->dependencies[UserFaker::class])->id;
$r = random_int(0, 100);
if ($r > 80) {
$extension->tagNames .= ', Yii 2.0';
} else if ($r > 50) {
$extension->tagNames .= ', PHP 7';
}
$this->stdout('.');
return $extension;
}
public function generateModels()
{
$models = parent::generateModels();
/** @var $queue Queue */
$queue = Yii::$app->queue;
foreach($models as $model) {
if ($model->from_packagist) {
$queue->push(new ExtensionImportJob(['extensionId' => $model->id]));
}
}
return $models;
}
private function extensionName($len = 3)
{
do {
$word = $this->faker->word;
} while (strlen($word) < $len || Extension::find()->andWhere(['name' => $word])->exists());
return $word;
}
private function getFreePackagistName()
{
$existingNames = array_flip(Extension::find()->select('packagist_url')->andWhere(['from_packagist' => 1])->column());
do {
$name = $this->faker->randomElement($this->getPackagistNames());
} while(isset($existingNames[Extension::normalizePackagistUrl($name)]));
return $name;
}
private $_packagistNames;
protected function getPackagistNames()
{
if ($this->_packagistNames === null) {
$data = Json::decode(file_get_contents('https://packagist.org/packages/list.json?type=yii2-extension'));
$this->_packagistNames = $data['packageNames'];
}
return $this->_packagistNames;
}
}
|
Obama, in Shift, Says He’ll Reject Public Financing
Citing the specter of attacks from independent groups on the right, Senator Barack Obama announced Thursday that he would opt out of the public financing system for the general election.
His decision to break an earlier pledge to take public money will quite likely transform the landscape of presidential campaigns, injecting hundreds of millions of additional dollars into the race and raising doubts about the future of public financing for national races.
In becoming the first major party candidate to reject public financing and its attendant spending limits, Mr. Obama contended that the public financing apparatus was broken and that his Republican opponents were masters at “gaming” the system and would spend “millions and millions of dollars in unlimited donations” smearing him.
But it is not at all clear at this point in the evolving campaign season that Republicans will have the advantage when it comes to support from independent groups. In fact, the Democrats appear much better poised to benefit from such efforts.
Republican activists have been fretting about the absence so far of any major independent effort, comparable to Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, which helped undermine Senator John Kerry’s campaign in 2004, to boost Senator John McCain, the presumed Republican nominee, who has badly trailed Mr. Obama in raising money.
“As of today, he’s looking for ghosts that don’t exist,” Chris LaCivita, a Republican strategist who helped direct the Swift Boat effort, said of Mr. Obama’s rationale for rejecting the financing.
Mr. Obama’s decision, which had long been expected given his record-breaking money-raising prowess during the Democratic primary season, was immediately criticized by Mr. McCain, who confirmed Thursday that he would accept public financing.
“This is a big, big deal,” said Mr. McCain, of Arizona, who was touring flooded areas in Iowa. “He has completely reversed himself and gone back, not on his word to me, but the commitment he made to the American people.”
Mr. Obama’s advisers said Thursday that they believed he could raise $200 million to $300 million for the general election, not counting money raised for the Democratic National Committee, if he were freed from the shackles of accepting public money.
Signaling how his ability to raise record amounts was already affecting the race, Mr. Obama, of Illinois, on Thursday released his first advertisement of the general election, spending what Republicans estimated as $4 million in 18 states, including some that Democrats have not contested in recent elections.
In making its decision to bypass public financing, the campaign declined an infusion of $84.1 million in money from federal taxpayers. The decision means that Mr. Obama will have to spend considerably more time raising money — he will head to California next week to open the effort — at the expense of spending time meeting voters.
To make the exchange worthwhile, aides said, Mr. Obama would need to raise at least twice as much money than he would have received under public financing, with a goal of raising three times as much. But in 17 months of raising money for the primary campaign, the Obama campaign has amassed a record 1.5 million individual contributors. Those are the first people the campaign will approach for general election donations.
The public financing system limits the amount of money that campaigns can spend in return for the public money. It was set up to reduce the influence of private donations in the political process.
According to aides, Mr. Obama reached his decision knowing he might tarnish his desired reformist image — he pledged last year to accept public financing if his opponent did as well — but strategists for the campaign made the calculation that it was worth it, in part, because of the potential for the Republican National Committee to seriously out-raise its Democratic counterpart. The Republican committee finished May with nearly $54 million in the bank, compared with just $4 million for the Democratic National Committee.
“It’s a gap, to say the least,” said Robert Gibbs, the campaign’s communications director, of the disparity in party fund-raising.
There are limitations, however, to the use of party money that Mr. McCain is expected to rely on. Only about $19 million of it can be spent in a coordinated manner with the party’s presidential candidate, although the party can spend an unlimited amount without coordinating with the campaign. The party and the candidate’s campaign can also split the costs of “hybrid” advertisements that must be worded in such a way that refers to both the presidential campaign, as well as other party candidates down the ticket, which media strategists say can be cumbersome.
Photo
Senator Barack Obama announced his decision not to accept public financing. Mr. Obama, right, in discussion on his campaigns plane, with Reggie Love, a staff member, nearby, on Thursday.Credit
Alex Brandon/Associated Press
Early last year, before he became a money-raising phenomenon, Mr. Obama floated in a filing with the Federal Election Commission the possibility of working out an agreement with the other party’s nominee to accept public financing if both sides agreed. Later, when asked in a questionnaire whether he would participate in the system if his opponent did the same, Mr. Obama wrote, “yes,” adding, “If I am the Democratic nominee, I will aggressively pursue an agreement with the Republican nominee to preserve a publicly financed general election.”
Although Mr. Obama pledged more recently to discuss a deal with the McCain campaign, Mr. McCain’s aides said that there were never any real negotiations.
The size and focus of Mr. Obama’s new advertising campaign left no doubt that he was prepared to spend his money in ways that Democrats could only dream about four years ago.
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Among the 18 states where his advertisements will begin running on Friday are Alaska, Georgia and Montana — states so reliably Republican that neither party has seen fit to advertise in them in any big way during the past few presidential contests.
“I think the last guy to buy Georgia was General Sherman,” said Alex Castellanos, a longtime Republican advertising strategist. “It’s a very aggressive general election strategy. With his kind of resources, you’re not just buying swing states. He’s trying to put new states in play.”
On paper, Mr. Obama is playing catch-up to Mr. McCain, who began his advertising campaign two weeks ago. But Mr. McCain’s campaign has been largely focused on roughly 10 states that have been traditional battlegrounds during presidential campaigns, including Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.
Mr. Obama, who has sharply criticized the influence of money in politics and has barred contributions from federal lobbyists and political action committees to his campaign and the party, announced his decision Thursday in a videotaped message to supporters. He argued that the tens of thousands of small donors who had fueled his campaign over the Internet represented a “new kind of politics,” free from the influence of special interests.
The Obama campaign highlighted Thursday the fact that 93 percent of the more than three million contributions it had received were for $200 or less. But Mr. Obama has also benefited from a formidable high-dollar network that has collected more money in contributions of $1,000 or more than even Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton’s once-vaunted team of bundlers of donations.
Indeed, Mr. Obama stands to receive a significant boost from fund-raisers who formerly supported Mrs. Clinton, of New York.
Michael Coles, a former Clinton fund-raiser from Atlanta, said in an interview that he was one of 20 to 30 Clinton supporters who joined Mr. Obama’s national finance committee at a meeting on Thursday in Chicago. Members of the committee have each pledged to raise $250,000 for Mr. Obama.
People from both camps said they expected most of Mrs. Clinton’s top fund-raisers to align behind Mr. Obama, and that they could raise at least $50 million for him.
Mr. Obama, however, cast his decision on Thursday as a necessary counter to unscrupulous supporters of Mr. McCain’s.
“We’ve already seen that he’s not going to stop the smears and attacks from his allies’ running so-called 527 groups, who will spend millions and millions of dollars in unlimited donations,” Mr. Obama said.
Mr. McCain has been highly critical in the past of 527s and other independent groups, but he seems to have softened his rhetoric lately, saying his campaign could not be expected to “referee” such groups.
Nevertheless, Republican strategists said many affluent donors who might be in a position to finance 527 groups were wary this time because of the legal headaches that bedeviled many of these groups after the 2004 election, as well as the possibility they might incur the wrath of Mr. McCain.
The Obama campaign has urged its major fund-raisers not to give to outside groups and cited the decision recently by the leaders of Progressive Media USA, which had been expected to be the major Democratic independent television advertising effort, to shut down, as proof that Mr. Obama’s instructions were having an effect.
Activists on the left, however, said they sensed the campaign was mainly concerned about advertising by independent groups, wanting to be able to control Mr. Obama’s message, but was willing to accept help from outside groups doing other activities on his behalf, like voter registration and turning out voters.
“It’s my understanding that they were primarily focused on the 527s dealing with radio and TV ads,” said Martin Frost, president of America Votes, a major 527 effort, which is actually an umbrella organization for more than 30 liberal groups, concentrating on coordinating their respective efforts to get out the vote. |
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<ul>
<li name="_root_.root" visbl="pub" class="indented0 " data-isabs="false" fullComment="yes" group="Ungrouped">
<a id="_root_"></a><a id="root:_root_"></a>
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<a title="" href="../../index.html"><span class="name">root</span></a>
</span>
<div class="fullcomment"><dl class="attributes block"> <dt>Definition Classes</dt><dd><a href="../../index.html" class="extype" name="_root_">root</a></dd></dl></div>
</li><li name="_root_.provingground" visbl="pub" class="indented1 " data-isabs="false" fullComment="yes" group="Ungrouped">
<a id="provingground"></a><a id="provingground:provingground"></a>
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<span class="symbol">
<a title="This is work towards automated theorem proving based on learning, using homotopy type theory (HoTT) as foundations and natural language processing." href="../index.html"><span class="name">provingground</span></a>
</span>
<p class="shortcomment cmt">This is work towards automated theorem proving based on learning, using
homotopy type theory (HoTT) as foundations and natural language processing.</p><div class="fullcomment"><div class="comment cmt"><p>This is work towards automated theorem proving based on learning, using
homotopy type theory (HoTT) as foundations and natural language processing.</p><p>The implementation of homotopy type theory is split into:</p><ul><li>the object <a href="../HoTT$.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT">HoTT</a> with terms, types, functions and dependent functions, pairs etc</li><li>the package <a href="index.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction">induction</a> with general inductive types and recursion/induction on these.</li></ul><p>The <a href="../learning/index.html" class="extype" name="provingground.learning">learning</a> package has the code for learning.</p><p>Scala code, including the <code><code>spire</code></code> library, is integrated with homotopy type theory
in the <a href="../scalahott/index.html" class="extype" name="provingground.scalahott">scalahott</a> package</p><p>We have implemented a functor based approach to translation in the <a href="../translation/index.html" class="extype" name="provingground.translation">translation</a>
package, used for <code><code>nlp</code></code> as well as <code><code>serialization</code></code> and <code><code>parsing</code></code>.</p><p>The <a href="../library/index.html" class="extype" name="provingground.library">library</a> package is contains basic structures implemented in HoTT.
</p></div><dl class="attributes block"> <dt>Definition Classes</dt><dd><a href="../../index.html" class="extype" name="_root_">root</a></dd></dl></div>
</li><li name="provingground.induction" visbl="pub" class="indented2 " data-isabs="false" fullComment="yes" group="Ungrouped">
<a id="induction"></a><a id="induction:induction"></a>
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<a title="Much of the richness of HoTT is in the definitions of Inductive types (and their indexed counterparts) and of (dependent) functions on these by recursion and induction These are implemented using several layers of recursive definitions and diagonals (i.e., fixed points)." href="index.html"><span class="name">induction</span></a>
</span>
<p class="shortcomment cmt">Much of the richness of HoTT is in the definitions of <code><code>Inductive types</code></code> (and their indexed counterparts)
and of (dependent) functions on these by recursion and induction
These are implemented using several layers of recursive definitions and diagonals (i.e., fixed points).</p><div class="fullcomment"><div class="comment cmt"><p>Much of the richness of HoTT is in the definitions of <code><code>Inductive types</code></code> (and their indexed counterparts)
and of (dependent) functions on these by recursion and induction
These are implemented using several layers of recursive definitions and diagonals (i.e., fixed points). In HoTT,
recursion and induction are applications of (dependent) functions <code>rec_W,X</code> and <code>ind_W, Xs</code> to the <code><code>definition data</code></code>.</p><p>It is useful to capture information regarding inductive types and the recursion and induction functions in scala types. Our implementation
is designed to do this.</p><h4>Inductive Type Definitions</h4><p>Inductive types are specified by introduction rules. Each introduction rule is specified in <a href="ConstructorShape.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction.ConstructorShape">ConstructorShape</a> (without specifying the type)
and <a href="ConstructorTL.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction.ConstructorTL">ConstructorTL</a> including the specific type. The full definition is in <a href="ConstructorSeqTL.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction.ConstructorSeqTL">ConstructorSeqTL</a>.</p><h4>Recursion and Induction functions</h4><p>These are defined recursively, first for each introduction rule and then for the inductive type as a whole. A subtlety is that the
scala type of the <code>rec_W,X</code> and <code>induc_W, Xs</code> functions depends on the scala type of the codomain <code>X</code> (or family <code>Xs</code>).
To make these types visible, some type level calculations using implicits are done, giving traits <a href="ConstructorPatternMap.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction.ConstructorPatternMap">ConstructorPatternMap</a>
and <a href="ConstructorSeqMap.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction.ConstructorSeqMap">ConstructorSeqMap</a> that have recursive definition of the recursion and induction functions, the former for the case of a
single introduction rule. Traits <a href="ConstructorSeqMapper.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction.ConstructorSeqMapper">ConstructorSeqMapper</a> and <a href="ConstructorPatternMapper.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction.ConstructorPatternMapper">ConstructorPatternMapper</a> provide the lifts.</p><h4>Indexed Versions</h4><p>There are indexed versions of all these definitions, to work with indexed inductive type families.
</p></div><dl class="attributes block"> <dt>Definition Classes</dt><dd><a href="../index.html" class="extype" name="provingground">provingground</a></dd></dl></div>
</li><li name="provingground.induction.coarse" visbl="pub" class="indented3 " data-isabs="false" fullComment="yes" group="Ungrouped">
<a id="coarse"></a><a id="coarse:coarse"></a>
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<a title="an earlier implementation of induction, without clean separation of codomain scala types; use induction instead" href="coarse/index.html"><span class="name">coarse</span></a>
</span>
<p class="shortcomment cmt">an earlier implementation of induction, without clean separation of codomain scala types;
use <a href="index.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction">induction</a> instead
</p><div class="fullcomment"><div class="comment cmt"><p>an earlier implementation of induction, without clean separation of codomain scala types;
use <a href="index.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction">induction</a> instead
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<a id="cons[TSS<:shapeless.HList,HShape<:shapeless.HList,H<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[H],Cod<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[Cod],ConstructorType<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[ConstructorType],TIntros<:shapeless.HList,RD<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[RD],ID<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[ID],TR<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[TR],TI<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[TI],F<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[F],Index<:shapeless.HList,IF<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[IF],IDF<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[IDF],IDFT<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[IDFT]](implicitpatternMapper:provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorPatternMapper[HShape,Cod,ConstructorType,H,RD,ID,F,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT],implicittailMapper:provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper[TSS,Cod,H,TR,TI,TIntros,F,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT],implicitsubst:provingground.TermList[Index],implicitfmlyMapper:provingground.induction.TypFamilyMapper[H,F,Cod,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT]):provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper[HShape::TSS,Cod,H,provingground.HoTT.Func[RD,TR],provingground.HoTT.Func[ID,TI],ConstructorType::TIntros,F,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT]"></a><a id="cons[TSS<:HList,HShape<:HList,H<:TermwithSubs[H],Cod<:TermwithSubs[Cod],ConstructorType<:TermwithSubs[ConstructorType],TIntros<:HList,RD<:TermwithSubs[RD],ID<:TermwithSubs[ID],TR<:TermwithSubs[TR],TI<:TermwithSubs[TI],F<:TermwithSubs[F],Index<:HList,IF<:TermwithSubs[IF],IDF<:TermwithSubs[IDF],IDFT<:TermwithSubs[IDFT]](IndexedConstructorPatternMapper[HShape,Cod,ConstructorType,H,RD,ID,F,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT],IndexedConstructorSeqMapper[TSS,Cod,H,TR,TI,TIntros,F,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT],TermList[Index],TypFamilyMapper[H,F,Cod,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT]):IndexedConstructorSeqMapper[::[HShape,TSS],Cod,H,Func[RD,TR],Func[ID,TI],::[ConstructorType,TIntros],F,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT]"></a>
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<a href="../../provingground/induction/IndexedConstructorSeqMapper$.html#cons[TSS<:shapeless.HList,HShape<:shapeless.HList,H<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[H],Cod<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[Cod],ConstructorType<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[ConstructorType],TIntros<:shapeless.HList,RD<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[RD],ID<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[ID],TR<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[TR],TI<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[TI],F<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[F],Index<:shapeless.HList,IF<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[IF],IDF<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[IDF],IDFT<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[IDFT]](implicitpatternMapper:provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorPatternMapper[HShape,Cod,ConstructorType,H,RD,ID,F,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT],implicittailMapper:provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper[TSS,Cod,H,TR,TI,TIntros,F,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT],implicitsubst:provingground.TermList[Index],implicitfmlyMapper:provingground.induction.TypFamilyMapper[H,F,Cod,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT]):provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper[HShape::TSS,Cod,H,provingground.HoTT.Func[RD,TR],provingground.HoTT.Func[ID,TI],ConstructorType::TIntros,F,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT]" title="Permalink">
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</span>
<span class="symbol">
<span class="name">cons</span><span class="tparams">[<span name="TSS">TSS <: <span class="extype" name="shapeless.HList">HList</span></span>, <span name="HShape">HShape <: <span class="extype" name="shapeless.HList">HList</span></span>, <span name="H">H <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.H">H</span>]</span>, <span name="Cod">Cod <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.Cod">Cod</span>]</span>, <span name="ConstructorType">ConstructorType <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.ConstructorType">ConstructorType</span>]</span>, <span name="TIntros">TIntros <: <span class="extype" name="shapeless.HList">HList</span></span>, <span name="RD">RD <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.RD">RD</span>]</span>, <span name="ID">ID <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.ID">ID</span>]</span>, <span name="TR">TR <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.TR">TR</span>]</span>, <span name="TI">TI <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.TI">TI</span>]</span>, <span name="F">F <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.F">F</span>]</span>, <span name="Index">Index <: <span class="extype" name="shapeless.HList">HList</span></span>, <span name="IF">IF <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.IF">IF</span>]</span>, <span name="IDF">IDF <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.IDF">IDF</span>]</span>, <span name="IDFT">IDFT <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.IDFT">IDFT</span>]</span>]</span><span class="params">(<span class="implicit">implicit </span><span name="patternMapper">patternMapper: <a href="IndexedConstructorPatternMapper.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorPatternMapper">IndexedConstructorPatternMapper</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.HShape">HShape</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.Cod">Cod</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.ConstructorType">ConstructorType</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.H">H</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.RD">RD</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.ID">ID</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.F">F</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.Index">Index</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.IF">IF</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.IDF">IDF</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.IDFT">IDFT</span>]</span>, <span name="tailMapper">tailMapper: <a href="IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper">IndexedConstructorSeqMapper</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.TSS">TSS</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.Cod">Cod</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.H">H</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.TR">TR</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.TI">TI</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.TIntros">TIntros</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.F">F</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.Index">Index</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.IF">IF</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.IDF">IDF</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.IDFT">IDFT</span>]</span>, <span name="subst">subst: <a href="../TermList.html" class="extype" name="provingground.TermList">TermList</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.Index">Index</span>]</span>, <span name="fmlyMapper">fmlyMapper: <a href="TypFamilyMapper.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction.TypFamilyMapper">TypFamilyMapper</a>[<span 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name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.HShape">HShape</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.TSS">TSS</span>], <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.Cod">Cod</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.H">H</span>, <a href="../HoTT$$Func.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Func">Func</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.RD">RD</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.TR">TR</span>], <a href="../HoTT$$Func.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Func">Func</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.ID">ID</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.TI">TI</span>], <span class="extype" name="shapeless.::">::</span>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.ConstructorType">ConstructorType</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.TIntros">TIntros</span>], <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.F">F</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.Index">Index</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.IF">IF</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.IDF">IDF</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.cons.IDFT">IDFT</span>]</span>
</span>
</li><li name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper#empty" visbl="pub" class="indented0 " data-isabs="false" fullComment="no" group="Ungrouped">
<a id="empty[H<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[H],C<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[C],F<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[F],Index<:shapeless.HList,IF<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[IF],IDF<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[IDF],IDFT<:provingground.HoTT.Termwithprovingground.HoTT.Subs[IDFT]](implicitsubst:provingground.TermList[Index],implicitfmlyMapper:provingground.induction.TypFamilyMapper[H,F,C,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT]):provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper[shapeless.HNil,C,H,IF,IDF,shapeless.HNil,F,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT]"></a><a id="empty[H<:TermwithSubs[H],C<:TermwithSubs[C],F<:TermwithSubs[F],Index<:HList,IF<:TermwithSubs[IF],IDF<:TermwithSubs[IDF],IDFT<:TermwithSubs[IDFT]](TermList[Index],TypFamilyMapper[H,F,C,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT]):IndexedConstructorSeqMapper[HNil,C,H,IF,IDF,HNil,F,Index,IF,IDF,IDFT]"></a>
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<span class="symbol">
<span class="name">empty</span><span class="tparams">[<span name="H">H <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.H">H</span>]</span>, <span name="C">C <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.C">C</span>]</span>, <span name="F">F <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.F">F</span>]</span>, <span name="Index">Index <: <span class="extype" name="shapeless.HList">HList</span></span>, <span name="IF">IF <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.IF">IF</span>]</span>, <span name="IDF">IDF <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.IDF">IDF</span>]</span>, <span name="IDFT">IDFT <: <a href="../HoTT$$Term.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Term">Term</a> with <a href="../HoTT$$Subs.html" class="extype" name="provingground.HoTT.Subs">Subs</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.IDFT">IDFT</span>]</span>]</span><span class="params">(<span class="implicit">implicit </span><span name="subst">subst: <a href="../TermList.html" class="extype" name="provingground.TermList">TermList</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.Index">Index</span>]</span>, <span name="fmlyMapper">fmlyMapper: <a href="TypFamilyMapper.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction.TypFamilyMapper">TypFamilyMapper</a>[<span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.H">H</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.F">F</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.C">C</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.Index">Index</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.IF">IF</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.IDF">IDF</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.IDFT">IDFT</span>]</span>)</span><span class="result">: <a href="IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.html" class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper">IndexedConstructorSeqMapper</a>[<span class="extype" name="shapeless.HNil">HNil</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.C">C</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.H">H</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.IF">IF</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.IDF">IDF</span>, <span class="extype" name="shapeless.HNil">HNil</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.F">F</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.Index">Index</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.IF">IF</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.IDF">IDF</span>, <span class="extype" name="provingground.induction.IndexedConstructorSeqMapper.empty.IDFT">IDFT</span>]</span>
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Q:
Python newbie exercise: Rock Paper Scissors
I've been trying to code a simple game of RPS where the user plays against the computer.
There's just 1 iteration at this point (because I got stuck...) and no validation whether the user's input is valid.
The problem I got stuck with is that whatever I tried to do in order to get the computer's and the user's score stored in a variable, it they kept being equal to 0, no matter what indentation I tried or wherever I tried to place the return. (as you could see in my code below... some parts that I tried with no luck are commented out). Ideally, since I plan on multiple iterations, I'd like the variables u and v themselves to be updated and keep score, not just print who won the specific iteration.
Can you help me understand what I'm doing wrong here?
Cheers
from random import randrange
rps = ["r", "p", "s"]
def gameplay(user,comp):
u = 0 #user's score
v = 0 #computer's score
print "Computer chose: " + comp
if comp == user:
pass
elif comp == "r" and user == "p":
u += 1
#print u
#return u
elif comp == "r" and user == "s":
v += 1
#print v
#return v
elif comp == "p" and user == "s":
u += 1
#print u
#return u
elif comp == "p" and user == "r":
v += 1
#print v
#return v
elif comp == "s" and user == "r":
u += 1
#print u
#return u
elif comp == "s" and user == "p":
v += 1
#print v
#return v
return u
return v
gameplay(raw_input("your move?"),rps[randrange(3)])
print u
print v
A:
just for fun ... see if you can understand this OOP implementation (its never too early to start learning OOP)
WIN,TIE,LOSE = 1,0,-1
class RockPaperScissors:
def __str__(self):
return self.__class__.__name__
class Rock(RockPaperScissors):
def __cmp__(self,other):
if isinstance(other,Rock): return TIE
if isinstance(other,Paper): return LOSE
return WIN
class Paper(RockPaperScissors):
def __cmp__(self,other):
if isinstance(other,Paper): return TIE
if isinstance(other,Scissors):return LOSE
return WIN
class Scissors(RockPaperScissors):
def __cmp__(self,other):
if isinstance(other,Scissors): return TIE
if isinstance(other,Rock):return LOSE
return WIN
def RPS(ltr_code):
return {'r':Rock,'p':Paper,'s':Scissors}[ltr_code.lower()]()
player = RPS("r")
computer = RPS("s")
if player > computer:
print "Player Wins! %s beats %s"%(player,computer)
elif player < computer:
print "Computer wins!! %s beats %s"%(computer,player)
else:
print "Tied!! %s ties %s"%(computer,player)
|
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Monthly Archives: March 2020
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Perhaps they will disturb you enough to save your life as the earth is falling under a judgment of epic Biblical proportions.
“And Jesus said: Take heed that ye be not deceived: for many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and the time draws near: go ye not therefore after them. But when ye shall hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified: for these things must first come to pass; but the end is not by and by. Then said he unto them: Nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: And great earthquakes shall be in diverse places, and famines, and pestilences; and fearful sights and great signs shall there be from heaven.” (Luke 21: 8-11)
Covid-19 is but one event amidst the increased terrorism, volcanic activity, extreme weather disasters and pestilences through swarms of locusts- but Covid-19 is about to rapidly remove some 60 million people from the face of this earth.
You are facing an eminent decision if you shall die among them – eternally separated from God.
Phinehas
THE VIRUS ORIGIN – Conception
On February 21 we found the world still trying hard to grasp the reality of the coronavirus that has exploded upon it. Recently named COVID-19, the new coronavirus has infected 76,000 people and killed over 2,200.
On February 23 we were informed the virus increased again globally with more than 78,000 people having been infected in 29 countries. The number of deaths from the novel coronavirus had now risen to 2,458. Soon after this we would learn that in Italy alone the number of deaths had exceeded the rate in China and the entire nation was under lock down.
By March 14 reality had hitEurope and the Americas that this pandemic was bridging all borders. We shall deal with the style and pace of this biological explosion fully in Covid-19 Three: A Prophetic Judgement
Meanwhile, the first two weeks of March were a shaker for the globe and March 16 was both a wake up and shut down continuing around the world with such news as this: “There have been more than 1,800 COVID-19 deaths in Italy as of Sunday, out of 24,747 cases. That’s the highest mortality rate of any country, even above China, which has 3,200 deaths to 81,000 cases.”
It looks like Xi Jinping’s desires for the Western Nations is emerging on some format of Orient Express from Hell with his Covid-19.
And the statistics now coming out of liars central in Communist China, that had but a short time past tried to claim that they had control of the virus and the number of cases was dropping are more than alarming. Rest assured that the alarm and stats will continue to rise and I will refer to them further in this writing.
As to Liars Central? The naked truth is that the Chinese cannot lie their way out of the reality of this pandemic nor its origin. It is time to face the truth of what has transpired and is now underway to this point in time. Thus, we start with The Conception of COVID-19.
BIRTH PAINS
Scientists believe the most likely source of the coronavirus to be an animal market in China. They are correct in this assumption. So, let us settle one matter here and now – this is a ‘Chinese originated and created disease’ and the Chinese cannot argue with the fact. When people use the terms ‘the China virus’ or ‘the Chinese virus’ they are quite correct in doing so. There is no racial slur or prejudice in this language application.
The animal and seafood market in Wuhan where the virus broke loose was a filthy mix of live and dead animal meats such as foxes, pigs, chickens, bamboo rats, cats, civets, pangolins, snakes, monkeys, goats, sheep, dogs, badgers, hedgehogs, donkeys, alligators, crocodiles, bears, lions, tigers, elephants, birds and fish of every description. Many of these animals are slaughtered and their corpses skinned in front of the shoppers that have indicated the live animal they want to be their meat purchase. Thus, all sorts of exotic body parts in both fresh and dried formats, in both domestic and wildlife stock were available to consume on site and take away.
The market area like most similar areas in China is poorly regulated and while the market in Wuhan believed to be our viral culprit central station has been shuttered the rest of the filthy Chinese eating emporiums have not and will not be. Why not? Because the Chinese have filthy, superstitious cultural eating patterns and beliefs that comprise their traditional culinary lifestyle. For whatever reason the Chinese love to eat the internal organs of all types of domestic and wildlife species, fifty year old eggs and live monkey brain. A lot of this lifestyle is also closely interwoven with their traditional practices of Chinese medicine.
Every city with a sizeable component of Chinese populace has a public locale such as that at Wuhan to one degree or another. These Chinese markets are open to the local public, but few non-nationals ever see the extent of the ‘exotic’ food supply or even question what it may be because of language difficulties that exist with the suppliers. Geese, chickens and fish are recognizable but, in many cases, even being able to ascertain what price is being demanded is not. How many non-Chinese do you know that can speak, read or write their language?
There are always some non-Chinese citizens that are bridging it all without language through simply taking product to the vendor, handing it to them along with a sizeable bill they know will cover the cost and gaining their pricing education from the change. These folk have normally gotten their product identification through associative patterns as well.
Over time we have found all the ‘common bulk Chinese vegetable and flavor enhancement products have become available in the larger supermarket chains’ due to a large Chinese immigrant populace, but you do not see bear’s paws, rhino horn, bats, rats or dog meat showing their faces. There are Cultural product lines that Western food marketers know will not be bridged within the larger society.
But a virus does not know a culture it originates in, nor does it comprehend what a border isor seek permission as to what species or organism it can or cannot interact with. It has no such intelligence but simply is a genetically ascribed entity that enters into and will mutate in any manner possible through bridging gene structures. When a viral entity encounters a damaged or weakened link in its potential genetic pathways all hell can break loose as has been seen with SARS, MEERS, EBOLA and the like. This process you might term the natural or common birth pains of a potentially deadly enemy to your health.
It is when man deliberately weakens genetic structures and links and introduces a virus into them that the ‘totally unknown’ takes place. Start doing this between organisms and species as was done at Wuhan and any variety of mutants can emerge. This is what China’s bio-weapons laboratory located nearby the Wuhan wet market was engaged in.
Continue sorting out the deadliest of the mutant viral children, continue cross over and inbreeding process and the Frankenstein’s of the virus world will start to patch themselves together without the surgical assistance of demented men.
It was not simply some unique opportunity for viruses to spillover from wildlife hosts into the human population that took place at Wuhan. A virus did not simply spread from a bat into one of the live animal species sold as much as some Chinese epidemiologists, doctors, national security experts, government officials and their WHO adherents would like people to believe. Their theories are simply self-serving propaganda.
The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was shuttered January 1. It was a ‘wet market’ where meat, poultry, and seafood were sold alongside live animals for consumption. These three products were available dead and alive from both domesticated and wildlife sources. Wet markets put people along with both live and dead animals together in narrow stall lined lanes jammed with meat and ripe produce. It is believed these conditions make it easy for diseases, in particular zoonotic diseases, to develop and present deadly virus attacks upon human beings.
It is here in Wuhan that Covid-19 supposedly blossomed of its own accord. Covid-19 is a coronavirus designated as a ‘zoonotic disease’, a disease that can jump or spread itself from animals to humans.
Both SARS and Covid-19 are classified in general designation as being a coronavirus and are also being labeled as a ‘zoonotic disease’. As best-known SARS has been held to have been found in bats and they are considered to be its ‘original host and transmitting vehicle’. The bats then infected other animals, which transmitted the disease to humans. This rings as being quite logical but it is no reason for equating a potential transmission process with the actuality of what birthed this Covid-19 coronavirus that is far more deadly and, in many ways, far different than SARS. Both can be called pathogens but they are neither twins nor naturally cloned themselves in some similar manner that created them twins as they scurried along their genetic pathways.
Some experts believe that bats have been the source of at least 4 pandemics our world has experienced in its history. These same people think the Wuhan coronavirus jumped from bats to snakes or some other potential intermediary species and then onward to humans. But there is no consensus as to which creatures have been the most likely potential intermediary hosts. In the case of SARS, they believe that humans caught the virus from eating the meat of the weasel-like mammals called masked palm civets. This may possibly be correct but there has been no ability to identify any specific species or combination of species whose flesh consumption has resulted in manifesting the presence of Covid-19. Nowhere can be found a solid basis for stating what the intermediary species infection host transmitters are.
Science simply cannot pinpoint the Covid-19 outbreak’s starting point with any certainty compared to the degree that the starting point has shown itself to have been engineered by Xi Jinping’s design.
But, creatures such as the greater horseshoe bat domake them an ideal transportation host for spreading everywhere if you are a virus. Bats can fly across large geographical ranges, transporting diseases as they go. It is believed they harbor a significantly higher proportion of zoonotic viruses than other mammals and they do not have to bite or scratch to pass on their infection. They can pass along viruses in their poop: If they drop feces onto a piece of fruit and an animal such as a civet then eats the fruit, the civet then can become the disease carrier which a human may consume as meat. But the bats are not the originators of the virus and bats are consumed by the tons in the Asian food supply system.
Xi Jinping has tried to camouflage his actions through pretense that it is wet markets and the sale of exotic wildlife species that are the possible precipitators of our Covid-19 event. The market where the current outbreak may have started, the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, was thus shuttered January 1. The Chinese authorities, once again, soon after banned the trade of live animals at all wet markets, and China announced a temporary national ban on the buying, selling, and transportation of wild animals in markets, restaurants, and online marketplaces across the country as well.
But China had already taken such actions many years prior with the SARS outbreak and did not enforce their ban. In fact, at the time they had no intention of enforcing it for the ‘rotted illegal meat supply system’ was a key tool they employed to keep a large sector of their population fed that they could not do through genuine regulated health inspection standards. It was simply politically expedient that they make it appear they were acting in a righteous manner and the same posturing has taken place now with the Xi Jinping engineered outbreak of Covid-19.
Thus, on February 24, when China’s top legislature banned the buying, selling, and eating of wildlife and made the ban permanent we had nothing more than another Communist China engineered hoax. They went so far as to claim that farms breeding and transport wildlife species to wet markets had also been quarantined and shut down. An outright lie if the results mean anything as the same illegal meat supply is taking place as I write.
The same pretense as first employed carries forward now through deliberate action of lax enforcement and employing legal loopholes, such as inconsistencies in species’ names and online sales of exotic wildlife as pets to let the supply continue unhindered.
And China’s Wildlife Protection Laws supposed to ban the hunting and selling of wild animals and endangered species is a non-enforced joke. Such activity for most of the world has been categorized as a ‘black market endeavour’, but for the Chinese it is truly a ‘white market’ they pursue. The buying and selling in China’s ‘wild-meat hunting industry’ has an estimated value of $7.1 billion to their economy and employs over 1 million people. If you think the economic greed of the Chinese Communists will allow them to forgo this value pack then you are limp brained.
And, if you believe that the posturing surrounding quarantining and permanently shutting down the Chinese farms that breed and transport wildlife is a genuine political measure you are even more brain deadened. They claim they have shut down some 20,000 farms raising wildlife species but their economy and cultural bents would never see them doing this. The Chinese wildlife-farming industry is valued at $74 billion according to a 2017 report by the Chinese Academy of Engineering and it will not be jeopardized to please a world that China never listens to. The Chinese will state and claim the most blatant of lies as the truth to build themselves up or polish a favorable public image.
The Chinese will try to exalt themselves in every manner they desire, but they never will be able to achieve the success in duplicity to the degree they need to completely overrun the free world in their wickedness.
Such yellow devils as Xi Jinping need to heed the Word of God for ultimately, they shall face His wrath in a manner currently incomprehensible to them.
“The wicked is driven away in his wickedness: but the righteous hath hope in his death. Wisdom rests in the heart of him that hath understanding: but that which is in the midst of fools is made known. Righteousness exalts a nation: but sin is a reproach to any people. The King’s favour is toward a wise servant: but his wrath is against him that causes shame.” (Proverbs 14:32-35)
There is great shame due China for what it has unleashed upon the world but they have no shame as their propaganda machine continues to contradict itself with impunity. The ‘Wuhan reported coronavirus leaks’ that emerged in December of 2020 were soon after held up as being an attempt to make China look bad. The Chinese now claimed that the Wuhan coronavirus fromDecember had no provable original start-up in the Huanan Wholesale Seafood Market. They claimed the virus could have originated anywhere before entering the Chinese landscape. They have even gone so far as to suggest that Western nations have been responsible for the virus entry.
The Chinese cited a report published by their scientists they touted as detailed examination of the first 41 people hospitalized with the coronavirus from the Wuhan wet market. They claimed that 13 of the cases had no possible host transmission links connecting them to the marketplace. However, their action of shutting down the Wuhan wet market made it impossible to verify if host transmission links did or did not exist in any of the cases. The only way to establish for certain whether the virus outbreak originated at the market would be to take samples from the animals in the market as well as local animal populations and make comparison analysis. But the Chinese made certain this could never take place by quickly closing out the market, clearing it and disinfecting the region.
Covid-19 has not been circulating in humans before and an immunity to it is absent in human beings. Researchers have been trying to compare the Covid-19 genetic code with their other viruses such as SARS but the ‘new kid on the block’ is mutating so rapidly they appear unable to keep apace.
Just what got injected into the Covid-19 equation? Perhaps Ebola was the deadliest of the viruses that the Chinese started introducing that ended us up in this state? Which one, or which combination of the twisted Xi crew did this to the world?
Do not think that Covid-19 is going to continue evolving and somehow patch together an antidote for itself ‘buckwheat Canada’.
This Covid-19 is not like any of the deadly pathogens known or any form of flu known to man. We have French doctors screaming out to the world to stop calling it a flue. Covid-19 is deadlier and evolving in a fashion that the scientific-medical world just cannot quite grasp or get the ability to defend itself against.
Even if scientists are able to someway develop a vaccine that could slow down or cope with the Covid-19 they will be far too late to stop the pandemic and massive death toll emerging. Death will have occasioned before any vaccine can be production supplied to halt Covid-19 throughout the world.
What About All the Questions?
The question is no longer where it originated. This is known. The questions about how it was deliberately modified will at some point come fully to light, but are extraneous now. Just knowing it was deliberately leaked by the Xi crew could possibly even still be considered a natural birth process of the food market if you abide in the land of the brain deadened media.
But the fact is that just a few miles away from the scapegoat food market is China’s biosafety level 4 super laboratory where Xi Jinping got his work completed and ejected the killer virus into the system. The virus did not escape on its own and he is responsible for the bioweapon that it truly is. Covid-19 did not have a natural origin, it was engineered by the Chinese and WHO is complicit with all their actions.
The world is in economic implosion and the thermal scanners are not identifying the pathways of the Covid-19 pathogens. Paper masks, saline sprays, hand sanitizers, climate changes and social distancing are not stopping this Chinese disease nor the cloud of fear that is now enveloping the earth.
The virus is of Chinese origin but there are people and nations that are not Chinese that are determined to see The Virus Extension.
I was about to post the above when the following article came popping up. >
“On March 12, China sent to Italy a team of nine Chinese medical staff along with some 30 tons of equipment on a flight organized by the Chinese Red Cross. Pictured: Francesco Vaglia, medical director for infectious diseases of Spallanzani Hospital (right) speaks next to members of a delegation of Chinese doctors in Rome on March 14, 2020.”
I will give a snippet extract below, but read the entirety for the fullness of the propaganda reality of the Xi regime. I also highly recommend you ascribe to the column written by Soeren Kern of Gatestone Institute.
Coronavirus: China’s Propaganda Campaign in Europe – (March 22, 2020)
“This is a propaganda operation that hides various truths. The first and most important is that the culprit for this pandemic is the Chinese regime. It does not take any conspiracy theory to point it out.” — Emilio Campmany, Libertad Digital, March 3, 2020.
“China wants to take advantage of this calamity to wrest global leadership from the United States. It will be the communist country that makes us the most energetic medicines to fight the virus. It will discover the vaccine before anyone else and distribute it worldwide in record time. It will buy our assets and invest in our countries to rescue our economies. Ultimately, it will claim to be our savior.” — Emilio Campmany, Libertad Digital, March 3, 2020.
“The Chinese government has been fast-tracking shipments of medical aid to Europe, which has become the epicenter of the coronavirus pandemic that first emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The largesse appears to be part of a public relations effort by Chinese President Xi Jinping and his Communist Party to deflect criticism over their responsibility for the deadly outbreak.
Beijing’s campaign as a global benefactor may deliver results in Europe, where pandering political leaders have long been notoriously fearful of antagonizing the European Union’s second-largest trading partner. What remains unclear is if European publics, which are bearing the brunt of the suffering caused by the epidemic, will be as easily willing to overlook the malfeasance of Chinese officials.”
In Canada our ‘pandering political leaders have long been notoriously sucking up to the Chinese cash tap’ and promoting the Xi Jinping Asian Cultural Invasion of our land. |
Miu Miu Fall 2011 Sunglasses — Noir Collection [Pictures]
Peep Miu Miu's Fall 2011 Noir Sunglasses Collection
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Peep Miu Miu's Fall 2011 Noir Sunglasses Collection
>> 1940's film noir inspired the new batch of Miu Miu sunglasses for Fall 2011. Shot on Hailee Steinfeld by Bruce Weber for the Miu Miu Fall 2011 ad campaign (as seen in the gallery), the new frames feature oversized, angular cat-eyes and lots of retro-glam colorways — think ochre tortoise shell and metallic glitter-acetate. Click through to get an up-close look at the full collection available in stores this September. |
Hushed up play keeps enticing viewers
Usted está aquí stands out for its originality: instead of making the typical theatre play, this large cast — directed by Natalia Chami and Romina Bulacio Sak — create multiple and parallel scenes in the same place. Every space in the Ciudad Cultural Konex is put to good use at its highest potential, in order to make a dynamic show that includes a big variety of theatrical moments.
It is almost impossible to talk about a specific set design because the whole establishment is full of as many different elements as needed to create a particular situation. Starting at the entrance of the Konex and ending in the theatre hall, this 70-minute-tour takes the audience through a wide variety of constantly swapping mise-en-scenes. Instead of requiring a quiet and motionless audience, Usted Está Aquí needs viewers who are ready to interact throughout the large array of scenarios the play puts forward.
The same happens with the costumes and the light design. Every theatric element is adapted to fit into a particular context, creating a specific and original atmosphere which directly relates to the scene the cast is performing. One scene leads to another, generating a continuous transformation in the tour and making clear that the whole experience is a combination of multiple and unrelated theatrical moments.
When the tour starts, an actress representing an air hostess guides the group into the first scene and, from there on, the actors and actresses are in charge of directing the audience into the other scenes. The interaction between the viewers and the performances is indispensable. The cast questions the viewers and also asks for their help and participation. Dancing, singing and embodying specific roles are some of the most required ways to get involved with the performance.
Formed with more than 50 actors and actresses and five musicians, this impressively-sized cast allows the parallel production of mise-en-scenes. Every performance is impeccable, funny and well-achieved. With a wide variety of characters, adapting them as needed by context, the cast’s acting ability is one of the most remarkable features of this show. Although the actors speak in different languages and display multiple physical skills, the most outstanding advantage of the play is their ability to work in a large group with excellent and dynamic coordination.
Usted Está Aquí demands from its viewers — at the beginning and at the end — full confidentiality about what happens inside. Avoiding the details and complete description of the tour makes the experience more interesting. This is why the play’s producers insist that the less the viewers know about the scenes, the more enjoyment they’ll derived from it.
Standing out for its original approach, this particular performance converges into a dynamic and gripping experience. |
/**
* Copyright © MyCollab
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
package com.mycollab.vaadin.web.ui;
import com.vaadin.event.ShortcutListener;
import com.vaadin.ui.TextField;
/**
* @author MyCollab Ltd.
* @since 5.0.3
*/
public class ShortcutExtension {
public static TextField installShortcutAction(final TextField textField, final ShortcutListener listener) {
textField.addFocusListener(focusEvent -> textField.addShortcutListener(listener));
textField.addBlurListener(blurEvent -> textField.removeShortcutListener(listener));
return textField;
}
}
|
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Circle of Protection for a Moral Budget
A pledge by church leaders from diverse theological and political beliefs who have come together to form a Circle of Protection around programs that serve the most vulnerable in our nation and around the world.
The question took me aback. I rarely hear Episcopalians talking about the Archbishop of Canterbury, the London-based head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, which includes the Episcopal Church as its U.S. branch.
Many Episcopalians pray for the 61-year-old prelate every Sunday, but as Canterbury has gotten more conservative and more solicitous of arch-conservative Anglican bishops from the Third World, Anglicans in developed nations choose to walk their own progressive path.
That separateness was accentuated in 2010, when, in an act of extraordinary rudeness, Williams' office asked the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church not to wear a miter, the pointy hat that symbolizes a bishop's authority, while preaching in London.
Why? Because the presiding bishop, the Most Rev. Katharine Jefferts Schori, was a she. Later, she called the request "beyond bizarre."
Two years earlier, the once-a-decade Lambeth Conference of Anglican bishops from around the world wouldn't even open its doors to the Bishop of New Hampshire, one of the giants of the Episcopal Church, because Gene Robinson -- while safely a he -- was a gay he. He's not the first gay bishop by any means, but he's the first to be honest about it.
Although anti-female and anti-gay tensions at Lambeth are said to have subsided in recent years, I told my questioner that Williams' retirement after 10 tears in office probably would start a new war.
Look for right-wing clerics like those of Uganda and Nigeria to seize the moment to marginalize women, gays and denominations that affirm them. As Anglican numbers dwindle in the West and soar in Africa, the communion's racial balance is shifting, and with it the balance of power.
It's likely, I said, that the new archbishop will be a man of color, perhaps John Sentamu, the Ugandan-born Archbishop of York. The question is whether he will pursue a conservative agenda centered in gender and sexuality, or lead the church to tackle issues that truly matter: rampant greed, predatory corporations, widening gaps between haves and have-nots, and the terrifying rise of religious extremism, including church-backed legislation in Uganda to make homosexuality a capital crime.
What will come of this war? My crystal ball is hazy on such matters, but I said Episcopalians aren't likely to turn conservative. Nor, in my opinion, do we have any appetite for continued battles over gender and sexuality. We are looking at income inequality, joblessness, and growing intolerance as far more worrisome than the she-ness or gay-ness of church leaders.
If the global communion turns to the right and demands that we adopt bigotry as policy, I said we probably will just walk away. It's just as likely that African bishops will lead as movement to kick us out.
Will walkout or eviction happen? Probably not. It is the Anglican way to find compromise, the cherished "via media." But I doubt that American bishops will again look the other way if some of their colleagues are treated rudely at Lambeth. After a muted protest in 2008, I suspect they will show more spine next time.
At the pew level, meanwhile, where my questioner probably isn't alone in not knowing the Archbishop of Canterbury's name, Episcopalians are talking more about growth, new life, young leadership and casting their lot with the 99 percent.
And that, it seems to me, is precisely where we should be.
Tom Ehrich is a writer, church consultant and Episcopal priest based in New York. He is the author of Just Wondering, Jesus and founder of the Church Wellness Project. His website is www.morningwalkmedia.com. Follow Tom on Twitter @tomehrich.Via RNS.
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setting in $foo -> [0..5] :
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Now some use-case examples. Suppose we want a table to have 10 rows
<table>
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Planning Board to consider fate of proposed In-N-Out Burger
Planning Board to consider fate of proposed In-N-Out Burger
The future of an In-N-Out Burger, Safeway gas station and Chase bank branch proposed for a 2.3-acre site near the Webster Tube will be considered by the Planning Board on Monday.
The buildings are part of developer Catellus' Alameda Landing project, which includes a Target store that's under construction and scheduled to open this fall. The board signed off on the design of the rest of the shopping center that Target will anchor on July 8, and has also approved 276 homes; the trio of businesses would sit at the intersection of Webster Street and Willie Stargell Avenue.
Proponents say the proposed businesses, along with Target, will bring jobs to the Island and services Alameda residents will patronize. But opponents insist that building a gas station and fast food outlet at one of the city's gateways is inappropriate. They fear the businesses will generate more traffic and crime, and feel that Alameda already has enough fast food restaurants.
A petition opposing the plan has signed by more than 370 local residents, some of whom plan to be at Monday's Planning Board meeting.
Valerie Villaraza-Steele, who has circulated the petition, said opponents are not against In-N-Out per se but think the restaurant should be located elsewhere.
“We acknowledge that Alamedans are excited about In-N-Out coming to Alameda, but this parcel is not the right location for that," she wrote on the petition. “This is our community’s opportunity to create a gateway to Alameda that is attractive to potential residents, investors, and visitors, and showcases our city as a unique place to visit and live.”
Villaraza-Steele said motorists driving through the Webster Tube will see a gas station and fast food restaurant when they arrive on the Island, and that’s not something that will give people a good impression of the city.
“Is that the message you want to send to people who are coming into town?" she asked.
Other opponents insist the city already has enough of the development proposed by Catellus.
“Building a new drive through restaurant should not be encouraged, especially in a unique city like Alameda,” wrote Zach Kaplan. “When I enter a city limit and see multiple drive through restaurants, I think it is just another Anytown, USA full of franchise autocentric businesses. A real turn off and not something that would be in the long term good for Alameda."
Villaraza-Steele said the restaurant will increase traffic in the area and would encourage students from nearby College of Alameda to cross Willie Stargell to get to In-N-Out. She asked why developers don't consider healthier options than a chain restaurant.
But changes are being made to the plan since it was presented to the Planning Board during a study session last month, according to a city staff report. Safeway has withdrawn a request to sell beer and wine at the gas station, according to City Planner Andrew Thomas - something board members had said they wouldn't approve. And In-N-Out has reduced the hours it is seeking to remain open, from 2 a.m. every day to 12:30 p.m. Sunday through Thursday and 1:30 a.m. Friday and Saturday.
To ensure pedestrian safety - another concern raised by the board - Catellus has created an alternate plan that would move the restaurant to the Mariner Square Loop end of the property. That would discourage pedestrians from trying to cross a "free right" exit from the tube, which lacks a stop sign.
Staff has also been working with Caltrans to put a crosswalk and signal at Webster Street and Willie Stargell Avenue which would allow diners walking across Webster to reach the restaurant safely, according to the staff report.
As for traffic congestion, the restaurant would be closed during the morning commute, Thomas wrote. Most of the traffic will be pass-by trips where drivers are on their way to somewhere else.
“In other words, a resident driving to work in the morning though the tubes may choose to stop for gas on the way to work, but that resident will be driving through the tubes to work even if this project does not occur, so rejecting the project does not remove that vehicle from the tubes,” he wrote.
As for healthy food alternatives, the city does not have laws mandating healthy foods, but officials have been assured that In-N-Out uses fresh meat, real ice cream in their milk shakes and doesn’t use heat lamps or freezers, Thomas wrote.
“These standards reflect a commitment to healthy foods that exceeds many Alameda sit down restaurants,” he added.
Thomas acknowledged that the new businesses - like any new businesses - will generate some petty crime. But he said the developer will hire private security to minimize it.
Residents in the nearby Bayport community have complained about a recent rash of burglaries in their neighborhood and have expressed concerns that the businesses could increase crime there, though police have said the burglaries are a citywide problem.
A Catellus representative pointed to the financial benefits the community will realize once the businesses arrive. The Safeway station and In-N-Out will bring in an extra $250,000 in sales tax revenues to the city annually, said Sean Whiskeman, Catellus' first vice president of development.
In-N-Out was one of the most requested businesses by Alamedans during the dozen years Whiskeman has been working on the project, he said.
Catellus acquired the property in 2008 as part of a three-way deal with College of Alameda to open up a right-of-way at Webster and Willie Stargell way to development.
“We fully respect the responsibility we have in ensuring that the property is developed in a way that enhances the visual experience as you come on to Alameda from the Webster Street Tube,” Whiskeman said in an e-mail.
The meeting is scheduled to begin at 7 p.m. in council chambers on the third floor of City Hall, 2263 Santa Clara Avenue. Additional information is available via the city's website.
Folks that are interested in having the project proceed with the gas station, Bank, and In-N-Out should read the staff report and go to the planning board meeting to make their views known. Or you can simply E-mail the city planning board or staff to let them know if you would like the project.
Submitted by cven (not verified) on Fri, Nov 14, 2014
catellus acquired the property in 2008 as part of a three-way deal with College of Alameda to open up a right-of-way at Webster and Willie Stargell way to development.
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Changes in prostaglandin synthesis and metabolism associated with labour, and the influence of dexamethasone, RU 486 and progesterone.
The objective was to compare the changes in prostaglandin synthesis and metabolism occurring within the fetal membranes that are associated with the onset of parturition and to study the effect of steroid hormones on prostaglandin metabolism. A tissue explant study was made of discs of amnion and chorion obtained from 24 pregnant women at 37-42 weeks' gestation following spontaneous labour and delivery (12 women) and elective caesarean section (12 women). Significantly more prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF2 alpha were synthesized by amnion obtained following spontaneous labour than elective caesarean section. Arachidonic acid stimulated both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha synthesis by amnion in both groups. Phorbol myristoyl acetate stimulated PGE2 synthesis in both groups. There was no difference between the groups in the capacity of the chorion to metabolize prostaglandins. Mifepristone (RU 486) reduced the metabolism of added PGE2 following spontaneous labour, while dexamethasone and progesterone had no effect on prostaglandin metabolism. In conclusion, the increase in concentration of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha associated with the onset of spontaneous labour is the result of an increase in synthesis rather than a reduction in metabolism. There was no decrease in metabolism to account for the increase in prostaglandin concentrations and, with the exception of mifepristone, metabolism was not altered by the addition of steroid hormones. |
ok...15" woofer "not including mounting ring" 16" limit......hmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
couldn't have been too hard since moe lester already designed it and i'm holding the plans in my hand. and no one said that it couldn't be an upfiring sub either. |
Utility vehicles including (but not limited to) grounds maintenance vehicles such as ride-on and walk-behind lawn mowers, material spreaders, and the like are known. These vehicles typically include various controls accessible by the operator during use.
Among the typical controls are a steering system for directing vehicle travel. For example, steering of the vehicle may often be achieved via a conventional steering wheel, by a handlebar-type device, or by a lever or “stick” control system.
While effective, such steering systems may present drawbacks under certain scenarios. For example, in the case of some steering wheel configurations, the operator might keep one hand on the steering wheel and the other hand on a transmission or speed control. Actuation of other vehicle controls may, therefore, require temporarily moving one hand to another control input.
Alternatively, vehicles having individually and differentially driven drive wheels independently controlled by corresponding left and right drive control levers may allow the operator to control both speed and turning via manipulation of the two control levers. However, the operator may still need to temporarily move a hand from one of the control levers in order to manipulate other control inputs. This need to temporarily relocate a hand from the steering controls to another control input may also be present with handlebar-type steering systems. |
MRI and neurological findings in macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita syndrome: report of ten cases and review of the literature.
MRI and neurological findings in macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita syndrome: report of ten cases and review of the literature: We describe the clinical history and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 10 children with the Macrocephaly-Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita syndrome (M-CMTC--MIM 602501). This syndrome has recently been delineated within the general group of patients with Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica (CMTC) as a distinct and easily recognisable entity. In contrast to most children with CMTC, patients with M-CMTC syndrome have a high risk of neurological abnormalities, such as hydrocephalus, megalencephaly, developmental delay and mental retardation. An MRI scan showed structural cerebral abnormalities in all of our patients, including megalencephaly, asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres and abnormally increased signal of white matter. Seven patients also had Chiari type I malformation. Reviewing all reported cases, we propose appropriate surveillance for known complications. |
bla bla yoga bla bla breath bla bla practice
Main menu
The (False) Promises of Yoga
These days yoga classes are fantastic, yoga workshops are splendid, the experience of yoga is divine, the yoga people you meet are magnificent, the flow is sensational, the smell of the food is out of this world, the mats are excellent, the tea, well, of course it is what yoga gods drink, the mat cleaning spray is simply mega, the shoe rack at the shala is breathtaking… Boy! FFS! Can’t we just do yoga, teach classes, workshops and let others decide what it was they felt or thought about the whole thing, after the thing has actually happened.
I know that advertisement and marketing are realities of capitalism* and it is a hard enough life for yoga teachers as it is but do the adverts have to sound so vulgar? How about some genuine intention to teach yoga and enjoy it?
These over the top adjectives are supposed to signify rare moments where the ordinary falls short to describe. Just because you say something is going to be marvellous, that thing doesn’t become marvellous. Honestly, I think it is shameless self-promotion and I don’t buy a word of it; they are all polished promises by people who probably lack basic honesty. I instantly hate the whole possibility of participating in any such organisation or believing anything such people have to say.
“Yoga ignites the inner fire of purification which shines as the lamp of knowledge, revealing the truth in its simplicity. Slowly, methodologically yoga will illuminate all the shadows until nothing but the brilliance of the inner light remains” (Kino McGregor on IG)
The above quote is just an example to show what I mean by false promises. I don’t particularly care about what Kino McGregor does or does not. Again, I am just using her words as an example here and she is by no means the only one. All I am saying is that I am so deeply and so majestically bored with such yoga promotion and all the illumination that is supposed to shine out of the screen of my phone through their IG, FB, Snapchat, Periscope or whatever pages and through the mindful donning of their fits-like-a-glove kind of clothing lines. I don’t want to be “enlightened” by such advertisements, especially not through such false promises.
There are just too many instructions on how to eat, what to drink, what and how to feel, who to wear, where to do yoga and so on that a practice that is supposed to free us from our attachments, only achieves to shackle us further down. When I first started to participate in yoga events I used to come out thinking: “What is wrong with me? Maybe, I missed something. Maybe, I am a cynical person and there is no pleasing me? Maybe I am stupid so I didn’t have the divine experience? What did I do wrong?” I know other people having same doubts, too. Now, I know that there was nothing wrong with me or with them, except maybe the false and exaggerated promises by someone who does not know where to stop.
Is this why we do yoga? Is this why we do anything? Is it fair to be promoted stuff that, in its wake, leaves us feeling inadequate and like rubbish? |
Transcriptomic imprints of adaptation to fresh water: parallel evolution of osmoregulatory gene expression in the Alewife.
Comparative approaches in physiological genomics offer an opportunity to understand the functional importance of genes involved in niche exploitation. We used populations of Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) to explore the transcriptional mechanisms that underlie adaptation to fresh water. Ancestrally anadromous Alewives have recently formed multiple, independently derived, landlocked populations, which exhibit reduced tolerance of saltwater and enhanced tolerance of fresh water. Using RNA-seq, we compared transcriptional responses of an anadromous Alewife population to two landlocked populations after acclimation to fresh (0 ppt) and saltwater (35 ppt). Our results suggest that the gill transcriptome has evolved in primarily discordant ways between independent landlocked populations and their anadromous ancestor. By contrast, evolved shifts in the transcription of a small suite of well-characterized osmoregulatory genes exhibited a strong degree of parallelism. In particular, transcription of genes that regulate gill ion exchange has diverged in accordance with functional predictions: freshwater ion-uptake genes (most notably, the 'freshwater paralog' of Na+ /K+ -ATPase α-subunit) were more highly expressed in landlocked forms, whereas genes that regulate saltwater ion secretion (e.g. the 'saltwater paralog' of NKAα) exhibited a blunted response to saltwater. Parallel divergence of ion transport gene expression is associated with shifts in salinity tolerance limits among landlocked forms, suggesting that changes to the gill's transcriptional response to salinity facilitate freshwater adaptation. |
A repressor complex governs the integration of flowering signals in Arabidopsis.
Multiple genetic pathways act in response to developmental cues and environmental signals to promote the floral transition, by regulating several floral pathway integrators. These include FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1). We show that the flowering repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) is controlled by the autonomous, thermosensory, and gibberellin pathways, and directly represses SOC1 transcription in the shoot apex and leaf. Moreover, FT expression in the leaf is also modulated by SVP. SVP protein associates with the promoter regions of SOC1 and FT, where another potent repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) binds. SVP consistently interacts with FLC in vivo during vegetative growth and their function is mutually dependent. Our findings suggest that SVP is another central regulator of the flowering regulatory network, and that the interaction between SVP and FLC mediated by various flowering genetic pathways governs the integration of flowering signals. |
Axitinib plus gemcitabine versus placebo plus gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a double-blind randomised phase 3 study.
Axitinib is a potent, selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors 1, 2, and 3. A randomised phase 2 trial of gemcitabine with or without axitinib in advanced pancreatic cancer suggested increased overall survival in axitinib-treated patients. On the basis of these results, we aimed to assess the effect of treatment with gemcitabine plus axitinib on overall survival in a phase 3 trial. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study, eligible patients had metastatic or locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, no uncontrolled hypertension or venous thrombosis, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1. Patients, stratified by disease extent (metastatic vs locally advanced), were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days plus either axitinib or placebo. Axitinib or placebo were administered orally with food at a starting dose of 5 mg twice a day, which could be dose-titrated up to 10 mg twice daily if well tolerated. A centralised randomisation procedure was used to assign patients to each treatment group, with randomised permuted blocks within strata. Patients, investigators, and the trial sponsor were masked to treatment assignments. The primary endpoint was overall survival. All efficacy analyses were done in all patients assigned to treatment groups for whom data were available; safety and treatment administration and compliance assessments were based on treatment received. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00471146. Between July 27, 2007, and Oct 31, 2008, 632 patients were enrolled and assigned to treatment groups (316 axitinib, 316 placebo). At an interim analysis in January, 2009, the independent data monitoring committee concluded that the futility boundary had been crossed. Median overall survival was 8·5 months (95% CI 6·9-9·5) for gemcitabine plus axitinib (n=314, data missing for two patients) and 8·3 months (6·9-10·3) for gemcitabine plus placebo (n=316; hazard ratio 1·014, 95% CI 0·786-1·309; one-sided p=0·5436). The most common grade 3 or higher adverse events for gemcitabine plus axitinib and gemcitabine plus placebo were hypertension (20 [7%] and 5 [2%] events, respectively), abdominal pain (20 [7%] and 17 [6%]), fatigue (27 [9%] and 21 [7%]), and anorexia (19 [6%] and 11 [4%]). The addition of axitinib to gemcitabine does not improve overall survival in advanced pancreatic cancer. These results add to increasing evidence that targeting of VEGF signalling is an ineffective strategy in this disease. Pfizer. |
When you jump from single A all the way to AA and hold down a collective 2.12 ERA, 0.98 WHIP and 111/20 K/BB along the way, you beg to be awarded postseason accolades — especially when your name is Dustin Beggs. This season, we are happy to oblige and award the 25-year-old righty with our Prospect Of The Year Award.
Beggs, born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, attended high school in northwestern Georgia. Beggs lettered in both his junior and senior seasons, the latter of which he also earned his team’s MVP award as well its Cy Young award. At season’s end, Beggs appeared in many Perfect Game showcases, not placing any worse than in the 50th percentile on fastball velocity and flashing a velo mix of more than 20 MPH before departing for junior college. There, as a Georgia Perimeter College Jaguar, Beggs compiled a 17-5 record in 150.1 IP while holding down a 1.86 ERA and a 0.97 WHIP via a 175/27 K/BB. Most of Beggs’ dominance was done in 2014, a sophomore season in which he struck out a league most 125 and managed a league leading 1.65 ERA. Following his second collegiate season, Beggs was drafted by the Cardinals in the 17th round of the 2014 draft. That same offseason, Beggs was recruited by the University Of Kentucky. Ultimately, he decided to go back to school.
“That decision was made by talking with my parents and coaches at UK,” Beggs explained. “I think the main message I got from them was that going to play at an SEC school for a year or two would help me develop not only physically, but more importantly, mentally.”
In his first season as a Wildcat, Beggs made the full-time transition to the rotation.
“The jump from JuCo to the SEC seemed pretty big when I first got there,” Beggs said. “I remember giving up 3-4 runs in my first intrasquad and thinking, “Wow, these guys are really good 1-9. It was definitely an adjustment process.”
In 14 starts that year, Beggs posted a 3.65 ERA via a 1.09 WHIP and 75/20 K/BB, numbers very respectable for a first-year D1 hurler, marking the first time but certainly not the last that Beggs would show that he is very capable of adjusting to competition level.
After posting a 9-2 record and a 3.01 ERA by way of a 0.95 WHIP and 80/16 K/BB in 98.2 IP in his senior year in 2016, Beggs was drafted for a third time. On this occasion, the Marlins took him in the 16th round and Beggs obliged, signing with Miami and earning a $10,000 signing bonus. He came to the Marlins as the fifth of seven Kentucky alums the organization has drafted from 2012 to the present. Other Wildcats turned Fish over that span include JT Riddle and Beggs’ former teammate and current 25th ranked prospect, Riley Mahan. Beggs says the fact that Michael Hill and company keep going back to the UK honeypot draft after draft is a testament to the strength and stability of a program that will only get better in the years to come.
“I think it speaks to the University of Kentucky coaching staff and how well they have done at preparing players for the next level,” Beggs said. “They take pride in, not only in winning games and competing in the SEC but also in helping players get the most out of the talent they have. With them building that beautiful new stadium, I think that trend is going to continue for a long time.”
After breaking in to pro ball at the end of 2016 with Batavia, Beggs rode the aforementioned preparedness borne in him from Kentucky to a fantastic rookie pro season in full season A in 2017. There, as a Greensboro Grasshopper, Beggs held down a 10-6 record and a 3.86 ERA. He K’d a team-high 107 in 149.1 IP, another team high, the second most in the South Atlantic League. According to Beggs, staying both healthy and effective over the course of his first full pro league season was a challenge, but, thanks to his years spent at UK learning how to create, execute and maintain an advantageous weekly regimen, a challenge he was able to stare down and conquer.
“Throwing almost 100 innings in both of my seasons at Kentucky helped a lot not only with understanding how that feels physically on your arm, but mentally understanding that you have to have a good routine and pace yourself over the course of the year,” Beggs said. “The routine helps you categorize your days off and have an idea of what to do when you get on the field each day.”
As well equipped as Kentucky made him for the rigors of life in the minor leagues, Beggs attests to the fact that pitching in Greensboro taught him many more valuable lessons such as learning how to advantageously pitch to contact. Accordingly, Beggs labels his first MiLB season as a very important foundation laying process that he will build off for the rest of his career.
“Since Greensboro’s field is so small, it really taught me the value of pitching down and inducing ground balls,” Beggs said. “[The 2017 season] was a very helpful building block just to give me confidence going forward. A lot of times confidence is the biggest key to getting people out, knowing your stuff is good enough to get people out and compete at each level. That really helped me going forward.”
This season, Beggs, a second year pro, used his newfound confidence to jump two levels all the way to AA. After starting the year back in Greensboro and holding down a 2.66 ERA and 1.08 WHIP with an 8.33 K/BB in 40.2 innings, Beggs got the promotion to A+ Jupiter. There, he returned to exclusive rotational work. In seven starts for the Hammerheads, Beggs had a tiny 2.01 ERA with a 35/6 K/BB in 44.2 IP. The highlight of his A+ career was a 7 IP, 1 ER, 10 K, 2 BB start on July 7. Six of his seven Jupiter starts were quality outings.
Between A and A+ in 2018, Beggs had a 2.32 ERA and allowed just 84 baserunners in 85.1 IP (0.98 WHIP) while compiling an 88/12 K/BB. Those accolades earned Beggs his second promotion of the season, this time to AA Jacksonville, on August 15.
Making the difficult leap from the lower to upper minors, all four of Beggs’ starts with the Shrimp were of the quality variety. During those 25 innings, he limited opponents to a .193 BA and just four earned runs. His impeccable control numbers persisted as he struck out 23 and walked just eight. Beggs, who trades any sort of fiery velocity for hitting spots, missing barrels, says the key to his continued success as he’s traveled through the minors, has been maintaining a great working knowledge of himself and his abilities, staying true to that persona and avoiding the urge to become something he is not.
“I think the key has been consistency and keeping an even temperament on the mound. As the levels pass and the opponents and teammates change, you have to keep attacking hitters and throwing strikes,” Beggs said. “I understand that I’m not going to blow it by people so I use offspeed and location to my advantage.”
Following a head-turning 2018 campaign, the 25-year-old Beggs will head into 2019, a campaign in which, with continued success at the AA level, could include his Major League debut. However, the 25-year-old is determined not to let anything — not even the pending realization of his childhood dream — alter his steadfast concentration.
“It’s very exciting to think about, but I am a very in-the-moment focused person,” Beggs said. “I have to keep working this offseason to put myself in a good position to compete this spring. I’m just going to keep staying the course and focus on how I can better myself.”
A 6’3” 180 pound specimen, Dustin August Beggs literally DAB-bed on the competition no matter where he pitched in 2018 via his best tool: impeccable control. While his low-90s heat won’t light up radar guns or the eyes of scouts, the placement of his huge 12-6 curve that clocks in at 72-74 MPH, his sweeping 9-6 slider that sits 75-78 MPH and his 82-84 MPH changeup that shows late arm-side run to the black provide Beggs with the ability to use any pitch in any count. He masks each of his pitches by repeating his windup, arm speed and follow-through. A guy who is extremely averse to a free pass and who limits pitches per AB and is more than capable of erasing what few baserunners he does allow via a lightning quick pickoff move, Beggs has the ceiling of a 2-3 starter and the floor of a back end swing man, capable of eating many innings.
A guy who earned the reputation of a more-than-reliable starter in college, Beggs has begun to pave a path to do the same as a Major Leaguer. With similar success in both spring training and early in the minor league season with the Jumbo Shrimp, Beggs should be among the first handful of Marlins hurlers to earn a major league promotion in 2019. |
This was given to me by a friend. I am trying to find out some info, model, year, whatever info I can get. The fretboard looks to be maple, but someone has stained every other fret with a darker stain and in the process, destroyed the frets. I have not seen another headstock with a logo like this. You can also see that the machine peg holes were bot drilled large enough for any type of guide or ferrell. It looks like at time it may have had a plate of some kind screwed to the face of the headstock for a peg guide. I am thinking about stripping this, repaired the wood damage and restoring it to a playable guitar, for a conversation piece if nothing else. I don't want to do this if it is a rare or collectable guitar. |
645 F.2d 630
8 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 181
UNITED STATES of America, Appellee,v.William Frank HOPPE, Appellant.
No. 80-1388.
United States Court of Appeals,Eighth Circuit.
Submitted Nov. 11, 1980.Decided April 8, 1981.
Bruce C. Houdek, James, Odegard, Millert & Houdek, Kansas City, Mo., for appellant.
Ronald S. Reed, Jr., U. S. Atty., J. Whitfield Moody, Asst. U. S. Atty., Kansas City, Mo., for appellee.
Before LAY, Chief Judge, HENLEY, Circuit Judge, and HANSON,* Senior District Judge.
HENLEY, Circuit Judge.
1
Appellant, William Frank Hoppe, was indicted and charged with distribution of a controlled substance, cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). After a jury trial appellant was convicted and sentenced to a term of four years under the provisions of 18 U.S.C. § 4205(b) to be followed by a special parole term of three years. We affirm.
2
In April, 1979 Gary Crabtree, a former drug dealer and sometime addict, agreed to become a paid informant for the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in Kansas City, Missouri. Task Force Officer Paula Phelan was primarily responsible for directing and monitoring Crabtree's activities.
3
Soon after becoming an informant, Crabtree contacted the appellant, Hoppe, and arranged to purchase cocaine from him in Denver, Colorado in early May, 1979. Crabtree explained to DEA officials that he and Hoppe previously had been partners in smuggling cocaine from South America into the United States.
4
Phelan accompanied Crabtree to Denver where she was introduced to Hoppe as a drug dealer from Kansas City interested in doing business with him. After spending several days in Denver, Phelan and Crabtree purchased some cocaine from Hoppe and returned to Kansas City.
5
After returning from Denver, Phelan told Crabtree to continue pursuing his various drug connections, including Hoppe, and report to her periodically. Crabtree, who lived in northern Arkansas, was given a tape recorder and tapes so that he could record any telephone conversations he had with drug dealers. These tapes were then sent to Phelan. In addition, Crabtree intermittently would call Phelan and discuss his activities. These discussions, some of which concerned Hoppe, were at times recorded; more frequently Phelan took personal notes.
6
Between May, 1979 and early July, 1979, Crabtree had a number of telephone conversations with Hoppe. From these conversations it was agreed that Hoppe would sell more cocaine to Phelan. Crabtree called Phelan, told her of Hoppe's desire to sell her more cocaine, and gave her a number where Hoppe could be reached.
7
On July 8, 1979 Phelan called Hoppe who was in Denver. He told Phelan that he wished to sell her more cocaine, that he would be in Kansas City the next day, and that he would contact her when he arrived. On July 9, 1979 Hoppe arrived in Kansas City and telephoned Phelan. Between this time and July 12, 1979, the date of the cocaine sale from which Hoppe's conviction arose, Hoppe and Phelan had a number of telephone conversations. Some of the conversations were recorded while others were not. Phelan took personal notes of those interspersed conversations not recorded. If a conversation was not recorded it was because either Phelan did not have a recorder available or could not turn the recorder on without alerting Hoppe that the conversation was being recorded.
8
On July 12, 1979 Phelan met Hoppe at a Kansas City bar and purchased cocaine from him. Hoppe was arrested immediately. A preliminary hearing was held on July 20, 1979 and Hoppe was bound over to the grand jury which subsequently returned an indictment against him.
9
Appellant's trial commenced on October 15, 1979 and resulted in a hung jury, necessitating the declaration of a mistrial. Appellant was tried again on March 25, 1980. Entrapment was his sole defense. He contended that he was constantly pressured to make a drug sale, despite a contrary desire, from the time he initially was contacted by Crabtree until the July 12 cocaine sale. The jury obviously did not accept appellant's defense, and returned a guilty verdict.
10
Admission of Evidence.
11
Ron and Sharon Kuykendall were close friends of Hoppe and acquainted with Crabtree. At times Crabtree would call the Kuykendalls when trying to contact Hoppe. In order to show that Hoppe had no desire to deal with Crabtree, and indeed was trying to avoid him, appellant called Sharon Kuykendall as a witness. On direct examination, Sharon Kuykendall gave testimony conflicting with that previously given by Crabtree. On cross-examination the following exchange occurred:
12
Q. (U. S. Attorney) You are the wife of Ron Kuykendall, I believe you testified?
13
A. (Sharon Kuykendall) Yes.
14
Q. Mr. Kuykendall was on trial in another courtroom in this Court House about a month ago, was he not?
15
A. Yes.
16
Q. Mr. Crabtree was a witness in that case, was he not?
17
A. Yes.
18
Q. Mr. Kuykendall was convicted, was he not?
19
A. Yes.
20
Appellant's objection to this testimony was overruled.
21
We note initially that this evidence was in no respect admitted for its substantive value. Rather, the evidence was used to show Sharon Kuykendall's possible bias toward Crabtree. Appellant contends that since the evidence showed no bias toward a party, but only toward another witness, that it is inadmissible. We disagree.
22
Evidence tending to show a witness' emotion, which emotion has a bearing on that witness' probability of telling the truth, is admissible. J. Wigmore & J. Chadbourn, Evidence In Trials At Common Law vol. IIIA § 940, at 775 (rev.1970). Sharon Kuykendall's probable hostility toward Crabtree, resulting from his earlier testimony against her husband, certainly bears on her veracity. "We have difficulty in envisioning a situation responding more completely to the orthodox test of bias, the quality of emotional partiality." Johnson v. Brewer, 521 F.2d 556, 561 (8th Cir. 1975) (footnote omitted).
23
Appellant also contends that the probative value of the evidence is outweighed by its potential for prejudice and for that reason should be excluded. During the course of the trial, some evidence was introduced showing a close personal and working relationship between Hoppe and Ron Kuykendall. Appellant asserts that this evidence gave the jury the impression that Hoppe and Ron Kuykendall were codefendants, and led them to conclude that if Ron Kuykendall had been found guilty, then Hoppe also must be guilty.
24
We recognize, of course, that the probative value of an item or body of evidence may be so outweighed by its prejudicial effect that Rule 403 calls for exclusion. However, the task of balancing the probative value of the evidence against its purely prejudicial effect is primarily one for the trial court. And if the trial judge in the exercise of his discretion determines that the evidence should be admitted, we normally defer to his judgment.
25
United States v. Hall, 565 F.2d 1052, 1055 (8th Cir. 1977) (citation omitted). The district judge recognized the potential prejudicial effect of this evidence and gave a limiting instruction. Evidence of this relationship did not dominate the trial but was introduced only tangentially to the primary evidence. In the circumstances, we cannot say that the district judge's decision to admit the evidence was an abuse of discretion. United States v. Bogers, 635 F.2d 749, 751 (8th Cir. 1980).
26
Jury Instructions.
27
Appellant contends that the district court erred in failing to instruct the jury that, for purposes of entrapment, they should treat the informant Crabtree as a government agent. In support of his proffered instruction, appellant cites United States v. Sheldon, 544 F.2d 213 (5th Cir. 1976).
28
Sheldon involved facts similar to the present case. A government informant dealt with the defendant for a number of weeks, repeatedly soliciting him to enter into a drug deal. Shortly before the actual drug sale, however, the informant stepped out of the picture and a government agent pursued the deal and made the purchase. The instruction given by the trial court effectively directed the jury that for purposes of entrapment they were to treat the informant's activities separately from the government agent's activities, and could not consider them as a continuous solicitation.
29
The court of appeals, recognizing that the activities of the informant were those of the government, found this instruction erroneous. We note that no such misleading instruction was given in the present case. Appellant reads Sheldon to require specifically instructing the jury that an informant and the government are one and the same. Our reading of Sheldon does not leave us with that conclusion.
30
"(We) do not think that, by calling the instruction in Sheldon erroneous, the Fifth Circuit in any way implied 'informers' are to be labeled 'agents.' " United States v. Turner, 490 F.Supp. 583, 594 (E.D.Mich.1979). Though in the present case the jury was not specifically instructed to treat the informant as a government agent, the instructions given clearly tied the two together. Unlike Sheldon, the instructions did not prohibit such an association, and for that reason we find no error.
31
Appellant also contends the district court erred in failing to give his requested addict-informant instruction. This requested instruction suggests factors unique to an addict-informant which might have a particular bearing on his credibility. Several circuits have indicated that upon request such an instruction must be given. Virgin Islands v. Hendricks, 476 F.2d 776, 779 (3d Cir. 1973); United States v. Collins, 472 F.2d 1017, 1018-19 (5th Cir. 1972), cert. denied sub nom. Branch v. United States, 411 U.S. 983, 93 S.Ct. 2278, 36 L.Ed.2d 960 (1973). See generally United States v. Kinnard, 465 F.2d 566, 569 (D.C.Cir.1972) (Bazelon, C. J.).
32
We decline to adopt such a per se rule, but rather align with those circuits holding that the circumstances of each case determine the need for an addict-informant instruction. United States v. Tousant, 619 F.2d 810, 812 (9th Cir. 1980); United States v. Wright, 542 F.2d 975, 988-89 (7th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1073, 97 S.Ct. 810, 50 L.Ed.2d 790 (1977); United States v. Gregorio, 497 F.2d 1253, 1261-63 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1024, 95 S.Ct. 501, 42 L.Ed.2d 298 (1974).
33
The presence of the following factors has been found to obviate the need for an addict-informant instruction: a dispute as to whether the informant is actually an addict, United States v. Gregorio, 497 F.2d at 1262; cross-examination concerning the informant's addiction, United States v. Cook, 608 F.2d 1175, 1182 (9th Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1034, 100 S.Ct. 706, 62 L.Ed.2d 670 (1980); an instruction alerting the jury that an informant's testimony should be viewed with care, United States v. Tousant, 619 F.2d at 812; and corroboration of the informant's testimony, United States v. Wright, 542 F.2d at 989. To dispose of appellant's contention, we need only note that all of these factors appear in the present case.
34
Destruction of Evidence.
35
During Hoppe's preliminary hearing it was revealed that Phelan had taken personal notes of some telephone conversations she had with Hoppe and Crabtree respectively. Counsel for Hoppe requested that these notes be made part of the United States Attorney's investigative file. The magistrate refused to enter an order to that effect, stating that although he did not feel the notes had to be kept he did not feel they would be destroyed in light of the request.
36
Prior to Hoppe's trial, counsel again requested production of the notes. Phelan explained that the notes had been destroyed and their contents incorporated into her case report. Appellant was given the case report. Phelan further testified that although she thought the notes had been destroyed prior to the hearing, it was possible in light of her testimony at the hearing that the notes were destroyed subsequently. Appellant contends that the destruction of these notes violated his due process rights1 and dictated dismissal of the indictment.
37
In evaluating appellant's due process contention, we must consider (1) the agent's good faith in destroying the notes, (2) the likelihood that the case report materially varied from the personal notes, and (3) the likelihood that appellant was prejudiced by the destruction of the notes. United States v. Williams, 604 F.2d 1102, 1116 (8th Cir. 1979); United States v. Dupree, 553 F.2d 1189, 1191 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 986, 98 S.Ct. 613, 54 L.Ed.2d 480 (1977).
38
Appellant contends that Phelan acted in bad faith by destroying the notes after the preliminary hearing. The evidence taken as a whole, however, suggests that Phelan acted in good faith. Phelan testified that it was her normal practice to destroy her personal notes after incorporating them in a case report. There is no evidence indicating that the United States Attorney instructed her to preserve the notes.2 In the circumstances, we find that this supports the inference that Phelan did not act in bad faith. Indeed, the magistrate at the preliminary hearing informed all present that the law in this circuit indicated that the notes need not be preserved. Phelan reasonably may have assumed that counsel's concern at the preliminary hearing was with the content of the notes, and that since their substance had been incorporated into the case report there was no need to retain them.
39
In addition, there is no evidence indicating that the case report materially varied from the personal notes. Phelan testified that the report contained all facts relevant to the case. On cross-examination counsel was unable to establish that any possibly significant information had been omitted. We find unpersuasive appellant's argument that we should infer from the destruction of the notes alone that discrepancies existed. The absence of any evidence of inconsistency undercuts the argument that Phelan acted in bad faith.
40
Finally, it does not appear that appellant was prejudiced by the destruction of the notes. Phelan's conversations with Crabtree were solely for intelligence gathering. Her conversations with Hoppe which were evidenced only by her personal notes were interspersed with other conversations which were tape recorded. There is nothing to suggest that the unrecorded conversations differed materially from the inculpatory conversations which were recorded. In light of other evidence strongly indicating Hoppe's predisposition to sell drugs, e. g., his prior drug dealings, his trip to Kansas City, it is clear that Phelan's personal notes would have been of no substantial aid to appellant.
41
In the circumstances, we find no due process violation. We also find meritless appellant's contentions that the destruction of certain tape recordings and a telephone bill violated his due process rights.
42
After a careful review of the transcripts of the proceedings and consideration of the parties' briefs, we hold that the judgment of the district court should be, and it is, affirmed.
*
The Honorable William C. Hanson, United States Senior District Judge for the Northern and Southern Districts of Iowa, sitting by designation
1
Appellant also claims that destruction of the notes violated the Jencks Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3500. From the textual discussion of due process, we find that in the circumstances it follows that destruction of the notes did not on Jencks Act grounds constitute reversible error
2
We do not condone any failure of the United States Attorney to direct Phelan to preserve the notes. If there were any evidence that he stood idle, knowing that the notes were being destroyed, we might have a different case
|
Q:
How does the "this" keyword in Java inheritance work?
In the below code snippet, the result is really confusing.
public class TestInheritance {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Son();
/*
Father father = new Son();
System.out.println(father); //[1]I know the result is "I'm Son" here
*/
}
}
class Father {
public String x = "Father";
@Override
public String toString() {
return "I'm Father";
}
public Father() {
System.out.println(this);//[2]It is called in Father constructor
System.out.println(this.x);
}
}
class Son extends Father {
public String x = "Son";
@Override
public String toString() {
return "I'm Son";
}
}
The result is
I'm Son
Father
Why is "this" pointing to Son in the Father constructor, but "this.x" is pointing to "x" field in Father. How is the "this" keyword working?
I know about the polymorphic concept, but won't there be different between [1] and [2]? What's going on in memory when new Son() is triggered?
A:
All member functions are polymorphic in Java by default. That means when you call this.toString() Java uses dynamic binding to resolve the call, calling the child version. When you access the member x, you access the member of your current scope (the father) because members are not polymorphic.
A:
Two things are going on here, let's look at them:
First of all, you are creating two different fields. Taking a look at a (very isolated) chunks of the bytecode, you see this:
class Father {
public java.lang.String x;
// Method descriptor #17 ()V
// Stack: 2, Locals: 1
public Father();
...
10 getstatic java.lang.System.out : java.io.PrintStream [23]
13 aload_0 [this]
14 invokevirtual java.io.PrintStream.println(java.lang.Object) : void [29]
17 getstatic java.lang.System.out : java.io.PrintStream [23]
20 aload_0 [this]
21 getfield Father.x : java.lang.String [21]
24 invokevirtual java.io.PrintStream.println(java.lang.String) : void [35]
27 return
}
class Son extends Father {
// Field descriptor #6 Ljava/lang/String;
public java.lang.String x;
}
Important are lines 13, 20 and 21; the others represent the System.out.println(); itself, or the implicit return;. aload_0 loads the this reference, getfield retrieves a field value from an object, in this case, from this. What you see here is that the field name is qualified: Father.x. In the one line in Son, you can see there is a separate field. But Son.x is never used; only Father.x is.
Now, what if we remove Son.x and instead add this constructor:
public Son() {
x = "Son";
}
First a look at the bytecode:
class Son extends Father {
// Field descriptor #6 Ljava/lang/String;
public java.lang.String x;
// Method descriptor #8 ()V
// Stack: 2, Locals: 1
Son();
0 aload_0 [this]
1 invokespecial Father() [10]
4 aload_0 [this]
5 ldc <String "Son"> [12]
7 putfield Son.x : java.lang.String [13]
10 return
}
Lines 4, 5 and 7 look good: this and "Son" are loaded, and the field is set with putfield. Why Son.x? because the JVM can find the inherited field. But it's important to note that even though the field is referenced as Son.x, the field found by the JVM is actually Father.x.
So does it give the right output? Unfortunately, no:
I'm Son
Father
The reason is the order of statements. Lines 0 and 1 in the bytecode are the implicit super(); call, so the order of statements is like this:
System.out.println(this);
System.out.println(this.x);
x = "Son";
Of course it's gonna print "Father". To get rid of that, a few things could be done.
Probably the cleanest is: don't print in the constructor! As long as the constructor hasn't finished, the object is not fully initialized. You are working on the assumption that, since the printlns are the last statements in your constructor, your object is complete. As you have experienced, this is not true when you have subclasses, because the superclass constructor will always finish before your subclass has a chance to initialize the object.
Some see this as a flaw in the concept of constructors itself; and some languages don't even use constructors in this sense. You could use an init() method instead. In ordinary methods, you have the advantage of polymorphism, so you can call init() on a Father reference, and Son.init() is invoked; whereas, new Father() always creates a Father object. (of course, in Java you still need to call the right constructor at some point).
But I think what you need is something like this:
class Father {
public String x;
public Father() {
init();
System.out.println(this);//[2]It is called in Father constructor
System.out.println(this.x);
}
protected void init() {
x = "Father";
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "I'm Father";
}
}
class Son extends Father {
@Override
protected void init() {
//you could do super.init(); here in cases where it's possibly not redundant
x = "Son";
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "I'm Son";
}
}
I don't have a name for it, but try it out. It will print
I'm Son
Son
So what's going on here? Your topmost constructor (that of Father) calls an init() method, which is overridden in a subclass. As all constructor call super(); first, they are effectively executed superclass to subclass. So if the topmost constructor's first call is init(); then all of the init happens before any constructor code. If your init method fully initializes the object, then all constructors can work with an initialized object. And since init() is polymorphic, it can even initialize the object when there are subclasses, unlike with the constructor.
Note that init() is protected: subclasses will be able to call and override it, but classes in other package won't be able to call it. That's a slight improvement over public and should be considered for x too.
A:
As other stated, you cannot override fields, you can only hide them. See JLS 8.3. Field Declarations
If the class declares a field with a certain name, then the declaration of that field is said to hide any and all accessible declarations of fields with the same name in superclasses, and superinterfaces of the class.
In this respect, hiding of fields differs from hiding of methods (§8.4.8.3), for there is no distinction drawn between static and non-static fields in field hiding whereas a distinction is drawn between static and non-static methods in method hiding.
A hidden field can be accessed by using a qualified name (§6.5.6.2) if it is static, or by using a field access expression that contains the keyword super (§15.11.2) or a cast to a superclass type.
In this respect, hiding of fields is similar to hiding of methods.
A class inherits from its direct superclass and direct superinterfaces all the non-private fields of the superclass and superinterfaces that are both accessible to code in the class and not hidden by a declaration in the class.
You can access Father's hidden fields from Son's scope using super keyword, but the opposite is impossible since Father class is not aware of its subclasses.
|
/*
* DO NOT EDIT. THIS FILE IS GENERATED FROM nsIStringStream.idl
*/
#ifndef __gen_nsIStringStream_h__
#define __gen_nsIStringStream_h__
#ifndef __gen_nsIInputStream_h__
#include "nsIInputStream.h"
#endif
/* For IDL files that don't want to include root IDL files. */
#ifndef NS_NO_VTABLE
#define NS_NO_VTABLE
#endif
/* starting interface: nsIStringInputStream */
#define NS_ISTRINGINPUTSTREAM_IID_STR "450cd2d4-f0fd-424d-b365-b1251f80fd53"
#define NS_ISTRINGINPUTSTREAM_IID \
{0x450cd2d4, 0xf0fd, 0x424d, \
{ 0xb3, 0x65, 0xb1, 0x25, 0x1f, 0x80, 0xfd, 0x53 }}
/**
* nsIStringInputStream
*
* Provides scriptable and specialized C++ only methods for initializing a
* nsIInputStream implementation with a simple character array.
*/
class NS_NO_VTABLE nsIStringInputStream : public nsIInputStream {
public:
NS_DEFINE_STATIC_IID_ACCESSOR(NS_ISTRINGINPUTSTREAM_IID)
/**
* SetData - assign data to the input stream (copied on assignment).
*
* @param data - stream data
* @param dataLen - stream data length (-1 if length should be computed)
*
* NOTE: C++ code should consider using AdoptData or ShareData to avoid
* making an extra copy of the stream data.
*/
/* void setData (in string data, in long dataLen); */
NS_IMETHOD SetData(const char *data, PRInt32 dataLen) = 0;
/**
* NOTE: the following methods are designed to give C++ code added control
* over the ownership and lifetime of the stream data. Use with care :-)
*/
/**
* AdoptData - assign data to the input stream. the input stream takes
* ownership of the given data buffer and will nsMemory::Free it when
* the input stream is destroyed.
*
* @param data - stream data
* @param dataLen - stream data length (-1 if length should be computed)
*/
/* [noscript] void adoptData (in charPtr data, in long dataLen); */
NS_IMETHOD AdoptData(char * data, PRInt32 dataLen) = 0;
/**
* ShareData - assign data to the input stream. the input stream references
* the given data buffer until the input stream is destroyed. the given
* data buffer must outlive the input stream.
*
* @param data - stream data
* @param dataLen - stream data length (-1 if length should be computed)
*/
/* [noscript] void shareData (in string data, in long dataLen); */
NS_IMETHOD ShareData(const char *data, PRInt32 dataLen) = 0;
};
/* Use this macro when declaring classes that implement this interface. */
#define NS_DECL_NSISTRINGINPUTSTREAM \
NS_IMETHOD SetData(const char *data, PRInt32 dataLen); \
NS_IMETHOD AdoptData(char * data, PRInt32 dataLen); \
NS_IMETHOD ShareData(const char *data, PRInt32 dataLen);
/* Use this macro to declare functions that forward the behavior of this interface to another object. */
#define NS_FORWARD_NSISTRINGINPUTSTREAM(_to) \
NS_IMETHOD SetData(const char *data, PRInt32 dataLen) { return _to SetData(data, dataLen); } \
NS_IMETHOD AdoptData(char * data, PRInt32 dataLen) { return _to AdoptData(data, dataLen); } \
NS_IMETHOD ShareData(const char *data, PRInt32 dataLen) { return _to ShareData(data, dataLen); }
/* Use this macro to declare functions that forward the behavior of this interface to another object in a safe way. */
#define NS_FORWARD_SAFE_NSISTRINGINPUTSTREAM(_to) \
NS_IMETHOD SetData(const char *data, PRInt32 dataLen) { return !_to ? NS_ERROR_NULL_POINTER : _to->SetData(data, dataLen); } \
NS_IMETHOD AdoptData(char * data, PRInt32 dataLen) { return !_to ? NS_ERROR_NULL_POINTER : _to->AdoptData(data, dataLen); } \
NS_IMETHOD ShareData(const char *data, PRInt32 dataLen) { return !_to ? NS_ERROR_NULL_POINTER : _to->ShareData(data, dataLen); }
#if 0
/* Use the code below as a template for the implementation class for this interface. */
/* Header file */
class nsStringInputStream : public nsIStringInputStream
{
public:
NS_DECL_ISUPPORTS
NS_DECL_NSISTRINGINPUTSTREAM
nsStringInputStream();
private:
~nsStringInputStream();
protected:
/* additional members */
};
/* Implementation file */
NS_IMPL_ISUPPORTS1(nsStringInputStream, nsIStringInputStream)
nsStringInputStream::nsStringInputStream()
{
/* member initializers and constructor code */
}
nsStringInputStream::~nsStringInputStream()
{
/* destructor code */
}
/* void setData (in string data, in long dataLen); */
NS_IMETHODIMP nsStringInputStream::SetData(const char *data, PRInt32 dataLen)
{
return NS_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}
/* [noscript] void adoptData (in charPtr data, in long dataLen); */
NS_IMETHODIMP nsStringInputStream::AdoptData(char * data, PRInt32 dataLen)
{
return NS_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}
/* [noscript] void shareData (in string data, in long dataLen); */
NS_IMETHODIMP nsStringInputStream::ShareData(const char *data, PRInt32 dataLen)
{
return NS_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}
/* End of implementation class template. */
#endif
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// C++ factory methods
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "nsIInputStream.h"
#include "nsString.h"
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Factory method to get an nsInputStream from an nsAString. Result will
// implement nsIStringInputStream and nsISeekableStream
extern "C" NS_COM nsresult
NS_NewStringInputStream(nsIInputStream** aStreamResult,
const nsAString& aStringToRead);
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Factory method to get an nsInputStream from an nsACString. Result will
// implement nsIStringInputStream and nsISeekableStream
extern "C" NS_COM nsresult
NS_NewCStringInputStream(nsIInputStream** aStreamResult,
const nsACString& aStringToRead);
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Factory method to get an nsInputStream from a string. Result will
// implement nsIStringInputStream and nsISeekableStream
extern "C" NS_COM nsresult
NS_NewCharInputStream(nsIInputStream** aStreamResult,
const char* aStringToRead);
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Factory method to get an nsInputStream from a byte buffer. Result will
// implement nsIStringInputStream and nsISeekableStream
extern "C" NS_COM nsresult
NS_NewByteInputStream(nsIInputStream** aStreamResult,
const char* aStringToRead,
PRInt32 aLength);
#endif /* __gen_nsIStringStream_h__ */
|
The present invention relates to casting processes, and more particularly to the provision of a high pressure die-casting process which produces extremely fine-grained, dense castings with integrity competitive with forging and other more expensive casting processes and with complex core shapes not attainable with conventional die-casting processes. In specific, the present invention may be referred to as an improved squeeze casting or squeeze die-casting process in which pressures as high as 12,000 to 20,000 psi or even higher are applied with the shot plunger or plunger to force metal into the die-casting mold cavity to surround a complex core made from metal that can be melted out of the casting after it is formed. The process can be used to produce heat-treatable aluminum alloy castings having cores not heretofore attainable.
Die-casting processes are very well known. The improved die-casting process of the present invention makes use of a novel combination of conventional die-casting process features and machines which are well known in the industry, but which need to be described in detail herein to provide the necessary background. To these well known process features and machines, the present invention adds inventive control features, process controls and core producing processes to get the markedly improved die-cast metal results. It is believed that no one heretofore has provided such a novel combination of process features and process controls and that no one has heretofore achieved such good casting structural integrity, particularly with complex cores, using low cost, high speed and volume die-casting techniques.
In conventional die-casting, a metal mold system having at least two parts forms a mold cavity into which molten metal is forced by pressure action of a shot plunger to fill the cavity where the metal is solidified to take the shape of the cavity. The advantages of such die-casting are well known, particularly as they relate to high volume production and low cost. The disadvantages of die-casting are also well known in that conventional die-cast parts are known to have structural limitations, high porosity, etc. For instance, heretofore, it has been impossible to obtain die-cast parts having complex core shapes and also having high strength, low porosity, etc. Even the best die-casting processes, before the present invention, produced metal parts with some porosity and other structural integrity property problems. Aluminum alloy parts produced by such processes are typically not suitable for heat treatment using high temperatures.
In this specification, and in the appended claims, the following terms and their definitions shall apply unless specifically indicated otherwise:
Die-casting: A process involving the forcing of molten metal from a shot sleeve into a mold cavity formed in and by metal dies to have the metal solidify in the cavity to take its shape.
Squeeze Die-casting: A process of die-casting involving the forcing of molten metal into the mold cavity under extremely high pressures in the range of about 10,000 to about 20,000 psi or even higher with the shot sleeve plunger which feeds the metal. This high pressure is applied while the metal is still molten at least in the metal feed gate which connects the cavity to the shot sleeve.
Vacuum Die-Casting: The process of drawing a vacuum on the mold cavity and the passageways (runner system including the shot sleeve and transfer tube to the furnace) through which the molten metal is fed to remove air which might otherwise be trapped by the molten metal.
Vacuum Ladling: The process of using the vacuum system which evacuates the cavity and the runner system also to draw the molten metal into the shot sleeve to be driven by the plunger which feeds the metal into the mold cavity.
Small Feed Gates: The gates through which the molten metal is driven into the mold cavity are said to be small gates when they have a cross-sectional area less than about 0.2 in..sup.2, more typically less than about 0.15 in..sup.2. For instance, small feed gates may be 1 in. wide and 0.060 in. to 0.125 in. tall, perhaps only 0.75 in. wide or a gate which is circular in cross-section with a diameter of about 0.125 in. to 0.175 in., in other words, gates typically used in conventional die-casting.
Large Feed Gate: In contrast, a large feed gate is a gate which has a cross-sectional area greater than about 0.25 in..sup.2 ; for example, it may be 1 in. wide and 0.60 in. tall.
Vacuum Gate: The very small gate through which the vacuum is drawn leading from the cavity. It typically has a cross-sectional area of less than 0.1 in..sup.2 and may be, for instance, about 0.500 in. wide and about 0.030 in. to 0.060 in. tall.
Slow Gate Velocity: The flow of molten metal through a feed gate is said to be slow when the velocity is about 0.1 ft. per second up to about 20 or 25 feet per second.
High Gate Velocity: The velocity of the molten metal through the feed gate is said to be high when the velocity is in ranges from about 40 ft. per second to about 150 ft. per second or even higher.
Shot Sleeve: The sleeve or cylinder into which the molten metal is drawn or vacuum ladled from the furnace to be driven by the shot plunger through the feed gate into the mold cavity. The shot sleeve is connected by a transfer tube to the molten metal in the furnace. In some cases, the shot sleeve is referred to as an "injection cylinder."
Intensification Pins: The pins used to intensify the pressure on the molten metal in the mold cavity after the small feed gate into the cavity is frozen (metal solidified) but before the thicker sections are frozen. The intensification pins are driven into the mold cavity space to apply extremely high localized pressures in the thicker sections penetrated by the pins.
Gravity Casting: Is a casting process in which the molten metal is poured into mold cavities and includes lost foam casting, permanent mold casting, sand casting, and lost wax casting processes. Certain aluminum alloys have been cast primarily in permanent mold castings in the past to produce high quality parts, but can now be die-cast in accordance with the process of the present invention and subsequently heat treated with a high temperature. One such aluminum alloy is a 390 aluminum alloy which has a high silicon content.
Forging: Is a process using high heat and high impact blows to force a piece of metal into a particular shape to produce a high quality part. Forging and gravity casting are discussed herein to provide a comparison basis with which the low cost, high volume die-cast parts made in accordance with the present invention compete favorably.
T-6 Heat Treating: Is a well known heat treating process widely used to heat treat aluminum alloy castings made in the permanent mold casting process or forging processes. It is conventional thinking in the aluminum die-casting industry that aluminum parts made by conventional die-casting cannot be heat treated in accordance with T-6 heat treating processes. The process involves holding the parts at high temperatures of 920.degree. F. to 925.degree. F. for long periods of time, typically up to about 12 hours, followed by a water quench and after 24 hours a second heat treatment at about 350.degree. F. for about 8 hours. It is believed that this T-6 heat treating process causes the copper and magnesium to go back into solution to make the microstructure harder and stronger and also to make the silicon particles less needle-like. The industry accepts that conventional die-casting parts cannot be heat treated with the T-6 heat treating process because of the porosity which will produce blisters.
Cool Water Quench: Is a quenching process involved in the T-6 heat treating process which normally uses water held at about 200.degree. F. Cool water quenching involves quenching in water held at, for instance, 100.degree. F. to 120.degree. F. within a short period of time of, for instance, ten seconds or so after the part is removed from the furnace where it is held at 920.degree. F. to 925.degree. F.
VERTI-CAST Machines: Are the die-cast machines known in the trade for their vertical orientation, particularly an orientation in which the upper and lower molds are carried, respectively, on upper and lower platens to provide a plurality of mold cavities peripherally spaced about a vertical center axis with a vertically arranged shot sleeve and injection plunger for forcing the molten metal upwardly into the concentrically arranged mold cavities.
High Temperature Metal: Is metal held in a die-casting furnace at a temperature well above the temperature at which the metal starts to solidify, perhaps as much as 200.degree. F. or more above that temperature, and injected into the mold cavity at the high temperature. For example, 390 aluminum alloy has a freezing point of 945.degree. F., and it begins to solidify at 1,200.degree. F. Thus, high temperature 390 aluminum alloy would be held at a temperature of about 1,400.degree. F. or above.
Low Temperature Metal: Is metal held in a die-casting furnace at temperatures not more than about 100.degree. F. above the temperature at which the metal starts to solidify and typically not more than about 15.degree. F. to about 50.degree. F., above the temperature at which the metal starts to solidify, and injected into the mold cavity at the low temperature. The temperature difference between the freezing point of a metal and the point at which the metal starts to solidify is dependent on metal alloy composition. Generally it ranges from as little as about 15.degree. up to about 250.degree. F. in aluminum alloys.
Complex Core: A complex core is a core having a geometry that complicates the process of separating the core piece from the die-cast part. In die-casting, it is common to put a slightly tapered protrusion on a die to form an opening or bore in the casting. Because the protrusion is tapered, when the dies are separated, the solid cast part will pull off the tapered protrusion. By contrast, a complex core may, for instance, be larger as it progresses into the mold cavity, such that the core piece cannot be removed readily from the die-cast part.
Core Piece: The process of the present invention contemplates placing a core piece inside the mold cavity to be held securely in position by the metal dies when they close. The molten metal is forced into the mold cavity to fill the cavity and surround the core piece. When the dies are separated, and the casting is removed, the core piece is, of course, trapped by the cast metal. In the process of the present invention, this core piece is melted out of the cast piece to produce the desired complex core shape.
Low Melting Point Core Metal: Core metals which will melt at about 150.degree.-400.degree. F., or even as high as about 700.degree. F., are referred to herein as "low melting point core metals" to distinguish them from high melting point core metals used in accordance with the present invention. For example, a metal known as "Wood's Metal," which melts at about 158.degree. F., would be characterized as a low melting point core metal for purposes of the present invention.
High Melting Point Core Metal: Some metals, such as pure zinc and various zinc alloys, have a melting point that is relatively higher, for instance, in the range of about 700.degree. F. to about 850.degree. F., or even as high as about 925.degree. F. Temperatures at the upper end of this range approach the high temperatures of T-6 heat treating. In accordance with the present invention, high melting point core metals are metals that will melt at temperatures greater than 700.degree. F., and possibly even temperatures approaching the T-6 heat treating temperatures to flow out of the castings to leave a complex core. A core piece made from such high melting point core metal will survive the die-casting metal injection process of the present invention and be removable by subsequent heating to a temperature that would cause blistering and other problems with conventional die-cast parts.
Frozen Core Piece: It has been found that, even with high melting point core metals such as zinc or zinc alloys, the dimensional and positioning stability of the core pieces in the mold cavities can be enhanced by chilling or even freezing the pieces before they are placed in the mold cavities. For instance, core pieces may be soaked in liquid nitrogen to reduce their temperature to a point where they will be very stable in the necessarily hot mold cavity for a period of time sufficient to close the mold, inject the metal under pressure, and let the injected metal solidify around the core piece.
It is known to accomplish squeeze die-casting of aluminum alloy using large metal feed gates, slow gate velocities, high temperatures and squeeze pressures by the shot plunger in the range of 10,000 to 20,000 psi on the metal. These squeeze die-castings are reported to use molten metal at a high temperature, for example, in the range of 1,460.degree. F., low gate velocities with the large metal feed gates. The metal being injected at 1,460.degree. F., which is approximately 200.degree. F. above the point at which the metal begins to solidify, takes much longer to chill and the squeeze pressure is applied over a much longer period of time because, generally speaking, the metal in the large feed gate is typically the last section on the whole casting to freeze. The squeeze pressure pushes molten metal into the cavity as the metal cools and shrinks. One problem is that the high temperature of 1,460.degree. F. requires exceptionally long chilling periods and consequent slower production rates. The high temperature metal also wears the molds.
In squeeze die-casting in accordance with the present invention, the metal is injected at a low metal temperature--about 1,260.degree. F. or, perhaps, 1,270.degree. F..+-.20.degree. F. for a 390 alloy aluminum. The molten metal is vacuum ladled from the center of the mass of molten metal quickly into the shot sleeve and very quickly driven at high pressure through the small feed gates into the mold cavity. Because the combination of low metal temperature and small feed gates results in faster feed gate freezing, the squeeze pressure is applied over a very short period of time.
There are many examples in the prior art of conventional die-casting processes which have included some or even most of the process steps, features and controls of the present invention. For example, it is known to have conventional die-casting with vacuum evacuation, vacuum ladling, small feed gates, small vacuum gates and high gate velocities without the squeeze pressures of, for instance, 10,000 to 20,000 psi. It is known that some Japanese die-casters use such conventional die-casting processes, even involving squeeze die-casting high pressures on the shot plunger, with small feed gates and high gate velocities, but without using vacuum evacuation and vacuum ladling which is a prominent feature of the combination of steps of the present invention. Such conventional die-casting in Japan, even using squeeze die-casting plunger pressures, have been reported not to be heat treatable in accordance with the T-6 heat treating processes. In fact, in order to accomplish T-6 heat treating, the Japanese die-casters reported having to switch to the above-described squeeze die-casting process involving use of large metal feed gates, relatively slow gate velocities, extremely high temperatures and squeeze pressures by the shot plunger.
While many or even most of the process steps and features of the present invention are known in the die-cast industry and, in fact, widely used, no one heretofore has used the claimed combination of process steps and features of the present invention to obtain such remarkably good results in a die-casting machine environment using low temperature metal for the molten metal which is ideally suited for high volume production. Die-cast parts made in accordance with the present invention have been compared, for instance, to similar parts made by forging, and found to be remarkably superior to the forged parts in deformation characteristics. While the squeeze die-cast parts produced in accordance with the die-cast process of the present invention are significantly improved, it has been found that they can be even more significantly improved using the T-6 heat treating process which conventional knowledge says is not applicable to die-cast aluminum parts.
The squeeze die-casting process of the present invention may preferably be carried out on what is known in the trade as a VERTI-CAST machine to be described hereinafter. However, it is believed that the process can be carried out with equal efficiency on horizontal casting machines that have been modified for vacuum die evacuation ladling. In vertical casting machines, modified in accordance with the present invention, low temperature metal is drawn by vacuum (vacuum ladled) from the adjacent furnace through the transfer sleeve into the vertically extending shot sleeve to be driven by the vertically upwardly driven plunger to feed the mold cavities through the metal feed gates and runner system arranged concentrically about the center of the shot sleeve. The low temperature metal is driven under pressure applied by the plunger at high velocity through a small feed gate into the evacuated mold cavities. After the mold cavities are filled, the plunger is used to apply high pressure to the metal as it begins to freeze in the mold cavities. The low temperature metal freezes relatively quickly in the small feed gate.
Consistent metal alloy composition is important to optimum performance of the present process, just as it is with other casting processes known in the art. Preferably the molten metal in the furnace is cleaned and degassed using well known industry techniques and the metal temperature is carefully controlled as indicated above. The objective is to have very clean and gas-free metal of consistent alloy composition.
In accordance with the present invention, the entire process of drawing a vacuum on the mold cavities, the feed gate and runner system, the shot sleeve and the transfer tube to suck the molten metal upwardly through the transfer tube into the shot sleeve, the actuation of the plunger to drive the molten metal upwardly into the mold cavities, and the application of the high pressure or squeeze pressure by the plunger and to permit the metal to solidify during a dwell time before the die opens and the part is ejected onto a shuttle tray takes a very short period of time in accordance with the present invention. For instance, the vacuum ladling step may have an effective duration of approximately 1.6 seconds in a typical operation in accordance with the present invention while the shot time or the time it takes for the plunger to drive the molten metal from the shot sleeve into the mold cavities may take only 0.5 seconds duration in a typical application in accordance with the present invention. The squeeze pressure may occur, for instance, only 0.003 seconds before the shot is completed or the mold cavities are filled, and the squeeze pressure may take place over the dwell time, for instance, of 10 seconds. It will be seen that, in a typical application in accordance with the present invention, the molten metal may be ladled upwardly by the vacuum and shot into the mold cavities in about 2.0 to 2.3 seconds, which is extremely fast. Of course, the squeeze pressure can be released after metal freezes in the small feed gate.
As this description progresses, it will be appreciated that the squeeze die-casting process of the present invention is carried out at the relatively low temperatures normally associated with conventional die-casting and not at the high temperatures normally associated with squeeze casting. Since the molten metal is maintained in the furnace in accordance with the present invention at a point just above the point where solidification will begin, the rapid vacuum ladling and rapid plunger injection of the molten metal into the mold cavities is required to fill the mold cavities with still molten metal which can be acted upon by the squeeze pressures applied by the plunger as the metal solidifies. Of course, when the metal solidifies and closes or freezes the metal feed gates, further plunger pressure, no matter how high it is, will have no effect on the metal in the mold cavities. It should also be noted that when the molten metal first enters the mold cavities, it will begin to exit through the above-described vacuum gates which are quite small and exit out into the vacuum runner where the metal will quickly be solidified to block further exit of the metal through the vacuum gate.
Thus, in accordance with the present invention, in about two seconds or even less in some cases, the desired amount of molten metal is vacuum ladled or drawn from the center of the melt of the furnace, through the transfer tube, and into the shot sleeve where the first movement upwardly of the shot plunger shuts off the metal flow from the transfer tube, controlling the amount of metal ladled. The upward movement of the plunger, which may take place over about 0.5 seconds, pushes the low temperature metal into air and gas-free mold cavities to quickly fill the cavities, and then high squeeze pressure is immediately brought to bear on the freezing metal. It will be appreciated that, in accordance with the present invention, all of the various actions of the die-cast machine may be controlled by dwell timers of conventional variety to cause the process steps to occur in a rapid and timely manner. For instance, the shot speed or speed of the drive plunger may be, for instance, 5 ft. per second to obtain a gate feed velocity of 100 ft. per second with a mold cavity fill time of less than about 0.5 second, for example, about 0.15 second.
It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide a process for casting aluminum alloy metal in a die-casting apparatus of the type comprising at least a pair of dies forming at least one cavity therebetween having a vacuum gate and a metal feed gate and a runner communicating with the metal feed gate for delivery of molten metal into the cavity, a source of molten metal, a charge sleeve or shot sleeve communicating with said runner for receiving molten metal from the source and directing it through the runner to the feed gate into the cavity, the feed gate controlling the flow of metal from the runner into the cavity, a plunger reciprocally disposed in the sleeve and means for applying pressure to the plunger to force the molten metal under pressure through the runner and metal feed gate into the cavity, and a vacuum source and means for connecting the vacuum source to the vacuum gate, cavity, runner and shot sleeve to remove gases therefrom and to ladle or draw the molten metal from its source into the sleeve in a position to be driven by the plunger. In this equipment just described, the process of the present invention comprises the steps of controlling the plunger as it drives molten metal through the metal feed gate to control the gate velocity into the cavity initially to fill the cavity, dimensioning the metal feed gate to provide a high velocity feed from about 40 ft. per second to about 150 ft. per second into the mold cavity during the initial cavity filling step, and just before, or just as, the cavity is filled, increasing the pressure on the metal up to about 10,000 to 20,000 psi using the shot plunger to force additional molten metal through the feed gate during the pressure increasing step and during the very rapid freezing of the low temperature metal in the mold cavity. The metal in the gate solidifies after the pressure increasing step, but preferably not before the substantial freezing of the metal in the cavity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide such a process for die-casting heat treatable aluminum alloy and subsequently subjecting the die-cast part to heat treating in accordance with T-6 heat treatment procedures. It has been found that a squeeze die-cast part made in accordance with the process of the present invention and heat treated in accordance with T-6 heat treating processes will take a 390 aluminum alloy from its known conventional yield strength of 35,000 psi to a remarkably high 51,000 psi. In a specific comparison test, a normal 390 aluminum alloy ASTM test bar has a standard 35,000 psi yield strength. A similar die-cast ASTM test bar made in accordance with the squeeze die-casting process of the present invention and subjected to T-6 heat treating produced such remarkably good yield strength results. As indicated above, the industry has not been able to heat treat aluminum die-cast aluminum parts in accordance with T-6 heat treating processes before the present invention.
It is, therefore, still another object of the present invention to provide a novel combination of process steps for making a squeeze die-cast part from heat treatable aluminum alloy and then to heat treat that aluminum part in accordance with T-6 heat treating process steps.
While such improved castings may possibly be further improved with intensification pins or squeeze pins as they are known, such remarkably good results are being obtained with the process of the present invention, and the intensification pins may not be required in some cases.
A further object of the present invention is to provide such process steps in a rapid and timely manner using relatively cool, for squeeze die-cast temperatures, molten metal which quickly solidifies after it is injected into the mold.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide such a squeeze die-cast process for casting aluminum alloy metal wherein a cavity of volume V.sub.c in a mold having a vacuum gate and a metal feed gate communicating with the cavity is first evacuated by applying a vacuum to the vacuum gate and thereafter filled through the feed gate with molten metal under pressure P.sub.1 at a low metal temperature T above the temperature T.sub.g where the metal begins to solidify. P.sub.1 is selected to achieve a high gate velocity. In this environment, the improvement comprises the steps of increasing the pressure of the metal flowing through the metal feed gate to pressure P.sub.2 about when the volume of the metal filled into the cavity is about V.sub.c, the goal being to continue to force the low temperature molten metal through the feed gate during the very short period of time over which the low temperature metal freezes on the mold. In this recited process, the vacuum accomplishes the vacuum ladling of the molten aluminum alloy metal into the shot sleeve directly from or near the center of mass of molten metal in the furnace. The vacuum ladling and the plunger feeding of metal through the feed gates occurs very rapidly as discussed above. The dimensioning of the feed gate is such that, as the pressure of the low temperature metal is increased from P.sub.1 to P.sub.2, and concomitantly during the rapid freezing of the metal in the mold, the velocity of the molten metal through the gate is such that the temperature of the metal in the gate is greater than T.sub.f, the temperature at which the metal freezes, and the velocity of the metal in the gate at a point in time after P.sub.2 is reached is such that the temperature of the metal in the feed gate is less than or equal to T.sub.f whereby the cavity containing pressurized metal is sealed by metal freezing in the feed gate. In this process, the pressure increase to P.sub.2 is typically effected by timer actuation to drive more molten metal through the feed gate, of course, at a much slower gate velocity after the volume of metal injected into the mold equals V.sub.c. Ideally, the flow of metal through the small feed gate is not interrupted until the temperature of the metal in the mold at P.sub.2 is .ltoreq.T.sub.f. Molten aluminum alloys can begin to solidify at temperatures, T.sub.g, ranging from about 1,080.degree. to about 1,200.degree. F. while metal freezing temperatures, T.sub.f, range from about 945.degree. to about 1,065.degree. F., depending on alloy composition.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a process for manufacturing molded metal castings in a die-casting apparatus of the type heretofore described, the molded metal castings being formed to include complex internal core shapes. The process comprises the steps of placing a core piece between the pair of dies, drawing the vacuum to ladle the molten metal into the sleeve in an amount of time to prevent the molten metal from appreciably solidifying, controlling the plunger as it drives molten metal through the metal feed gate to control the gate velocity into the cavity initially to fill the cavity, increasing the pressure on the metal up to about 10,000 to 20,000 psi to force additional molten metal through the feed gate, controlling the temperature of the molten metal at less than about 100.degree. F. above the temperature at which the metal begins to solidify, selecting the metal feed gate to have a cross-sectional area such that with the plunger actuation molten metal is fed at a velocity of about 40 to about 150 feet per second into the cavity, removing the resulting casting from the cavity, and melting the core piece out of the resulting casting. The core piece is formed from high melting point core metal that will melt at temperatures from above 700.degree. F. to about 925.degree. F. The core piece provides a complex core shape, and thus the casting resulting from the present process includes a complex core shape therein.
Yet a further object of the invention is to provide a process as described above, further comprising the step of chilling the core piece to a temperature sufficiently low to enhance the positional and dimensional stability of the core piece in the cavity.
Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent as this description progresses. |
Q:
php mysqli non prepared to prepare statement
so i have a login page which works very well using php mysqli, but is non prepare so i usually use mysqli_real_escape to secure the data.
But am now migrating to using prepared statement, have manage this with my register page and this as work very well.
here is my non prepared login code:
$loginQuery = "select * from user where user_name = '$user_name' AND password = '$password'";
$result = mysqli_query($con,$loginQuery);
if(mysqli_num_rows($result)){
$row = mysqli_fetch_array($result);
// password verify
if (password_verify($password, $row['password'])) {
$_SESSION['user_id'] = $row['id'];
$_SESSION['user_name'] = strtoupper($row['user_name']);
$user_type = strtolower($row['user_type']);
if(strtolower($user_type) == 'member'){
$_SESSION['user_type'] = 'member';
//header('Location: member-dashboard-home.php');
header('Location: profile.php');
}elseif(strtolower($user_type) == 'admin' || strtolower($user_type) == 'leader'){
$_SESSION['user_type'] = strtolower($user_type);
//header('Location: admin-dashboard-home.php');
header('Location: profile.php');
}
}else{
$_SESSION['main_notice'] = "Invalid login details!";
header('Location: '.$_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);exit();
}
And below is my effort in using prepared statement.
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare("SELECT user_name FROM user WHERE user_name = ? ");
$stmt->bind_param('s', $user_name);
$stmt->execute();
$stmt->bind_result($user_name);
if($res = $stmt->num_rows()){
$row = $stmt->fetch_array($res);
// password verify
if (password_verify($password, $row['password'])) {
$_SESSION['user_id'] = $row['id'];
$_SESSION['user_name'] = strtoupper($row['user_name']);
$user_type = strtolower($row['user_type']);
if(strtolower($user_type) == 'member'){
$_SESSION['user_type'] = 'member';
//header('Location: member-dashboard-home.php');
header('Location: profile.php');
// exit;
}elseif(strtolower($user_type) == 'admin' || strtolower($user_type) == 'leader'){
$_SESSION['user_type'] = strtolower($user_type);
//header('Location: admin-dashboard-home.php');
header('Location: profile.php');
//exit;
}
}else{
$_SESSION['main_notice'] = "Invalid username OR password details, please try again!";
header('Location: '.$_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);exit();
}
}
I didn't get any error code when i tried to login, but the form just return blank and didn't redirect to user profile.
I don't think this is redirection issue tho or is it?
i don't i arrange the $stmt properly, hopefully you guy see what i can't.
thanks in advance
A:
From your comment,
i did include at the top and i receive this error Notice: Undefined variable: mysqli in /home/connection.php... ...
Look at your code here,
$con = new mysqli("localhost", "***", "***", "***");
if ($mysqli->connect_errno) {
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: (" . $mysqli->connect_errno . ") " . $mysqli->connect_error;
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
}
Your connection handler is $con, not $mysqli, it should be like this:
$con = new mysqli("localhost", "***", "***", "***");
if ($con->connect_errno) {
echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: (" . $con->connect_errno . ") " . $con->connect_error;
}
Update(1): Change your code in the following way,
$stmt = $con->prepare("SELECT * FROM user WHERE user_name = ? ");
$stmt->bind_param('s', $user_name);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();
if($result->num_rows){
// username exists
$row = $result->fetch_array();
// your code
}else{
// username doesn't exist
// your code
}
|
package:
name: requests-oauthlib
version: !!str 0.4.2
source:
fn: requests-oauthlib-0.4.2.tar.gz
url: https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/r/requests-oauthlib/requests-oauthlib-0.4.2.tar.gz
md5: df930abe3971fb418c67a8545de54661
# patches:
# List any patch files here
# - fix.patch
# build:
# preserve_egg_dir: True
# entry_points:
# Put any entry points (scripts to be generated automatically) here. The
# syntax is module:function. For example
#
# - requests-oauthlib = requests-oauthlib:main
#
# Would create an entry point called requests-oauthlib that calls requests-oauthlib.main()
# If this is a new build for the same version, increment the build
# number. If you do not include this key, it defaults to 0.
# number: 1
requirements:
build:
- python
- setuptools
- oauthlib >=0.6.2
- requests >=2.0.0
run:
- python
- oauthlib >=0.6.2
- requests >=2.0.0
test:
# Python imports
imports:
- requests_oauthlib
- requests_oauthlib.compliance_fixes
# commands:
# You can put test commands to be run here. Use this to test that the
# entry points work.
# You can also put a file called run_test.py in the recipe that will be run
# at test time.
# requires:
# Put any additional test requirements here. For example
# - nose
about:
home: https://github.com/requests/requests-oauthlib
license: BSD License
summary: 'OAuthlib authentication support for Requests.'
# See
# http://docs.continuum.io/conda/build.html for
# more information about meta.yaml
|
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Xunit;
using Rhino.Etl.Core;
using Rhino.Etl.Core.Operations;
using Rhino.Etl.Core.Pipelines;
using Rhino.Etl.Tests.Joins;
using Rhino.Mocks;
namespace Rhino.Etl.Tests
{
public class SingleThreadedPipelineExecuterTest
{
[Fact]
public void OperationsAreExecutedOnce()
{
var iterations = 0;
using (var stubProcess = MockRepository.GenerateStub<EtlProcess>())
{
stubProcess.Stub(x => x.TranslateRows(null)).IgnoreArguments()
.WhenCalled(x => x.ReturnValue = x.Arguments[0]);
stubProcess.PipelineExecuter = new SingleThreadedPipelineExecuter();
stubProcess.Register(new InputSpyOperation(() => iterations++));
stubProcess.Register(new OutputSpyOperation(2));
stubProcess.Execute();
}
Assert.Equal(1, iterations);
}
[Fact]
public void MultipleIterationsYieldSameResults()
{
var accumulator = new ArrayList();
using (var process = MockRepository.GenerateStub<EtlProcess>())
{
process.Stub(x => x.TranslateRows(null)).IgnoreArguments()
.WhenCalled(x => x.ReturnValue = x.Arguments[0]);
process.PipelineExecuter = new SingleThreadedPipelineExecuter();
process.Register(new GenericEnumerableOperation(new[] {Row.FromObject(new {Prop = "Hello"})}));
process.Register(new OutputSpyOperation(2, r => accumulator.Add(r["Prop"])));
process.Execute();
}
Assert.Equal(accumulator.Cast<string>().ToArray(), Enumerable.Repeat("Hello", 2).ToArray());
}
class InputSpyOperation : AbstractOperation
{
private readonly Action onExecute;
public InputSpyOperation(Action onExecute)
{
this.onExecute = onExecute;
}
public override IEnumerable<Row> Execute(IEnumerable<Row> rows)
{
onExecute();
yield break;
}
}
class OutputSpyOperation : AbstractOperation
{
private readonly int numberOfIterations;
private readonly Action<Row> onRow;
public OutputSpyOperation(int numberOfIterations) : this(numberOfIterations, r => {})
{}
public OutputSpyOperation(int numberOfIterations, Action<Row> onRow)
{
this.numberOfIterations = numberOfIterations;
this.onRow = onRow;
}
public override IEnumerable<Row> Execute(IEnumerable<Row> rows)
{
for (var i = 0; i < numberOfIterations; i++)
foreach (var row in rows)
onRow(row);
yield break;
}
}
}
} |
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Deepfake material including fabricated evidence will become so realistic it will land innocent people in jail, an expert has warned.
Shamir Allibhai, CEO of video verification company Amber, believes content including CCTV and voice recordings will be subject to gross manipulation.
He spoke amid alarming concerns over deepfake technology raising eyebrows online, including a recent viral video of comedian Bill Hader morphing into actor Tom Cruise.
And Shamir warns it is only a matter of time before the technology creeps its way into the global judicial system.
He told Daily Star Online: "Initially, deepfakes will be manipulations of existing audio/video evidence, such as that from CCTV, voice recorders, police body cams, and bystanders’ cell phones.
(Image: Getty)
"Humans have notoriously weak hearing as compared to our sight: I would bet that we get fooled by fake audio first.
"It is also much easier to create believable fake audio than it is to create believable fake video.
"In the future, video will be generated from scratch, with no basis in actual footage."
What's more, Shamir believes the technology will become readily available and easy to use.
(Image: GETTY)
And he claims it will even become as simple as dragging someone's Facebook photo and manipulating it.
He continued: "A bad actor will simply type 'make Sally do this' and the AI tech will pull Sally’s Facebook pics and swiftly generate the fake video of the requested action.
"He will then type a few sentences and the AI will pull Sally’s previous recordings, generate synthetic audio based on it, sync the mouth movements, and Sally will 'say' things – in her voice – that she had never ever said.
"The bad actor will need no technical expertise, only the ability to type."
(Image: BBC)
He added: "Due process will be compromised without video veracity solutions: innocent people will be wrongfully convicted on manufactured evidence and guilty people will be off the hook for raising doubt as to the authenticity of the visual evidence against them."
So far, deepfake pornographic material of celebrities has been widely viewed online.
And in politics, deepfake videos of politicians including ex-US President Barack Obama have gone viral.
There are growing fears the use of deepfake technology could interfere with the 2020 US Presidential election. |
Q:
PopOverWindow over a normal UIButton Click
I am looking for a Methode to use the PopOverWindow with a normal Button.
I found informationen about the Storyboard in combination with the button PopOverView but I dont use a Story board.
So i Need help or a tutorial, of it.
Thanks soo much.
A:
You can use
presentPopoverFromRect:inView:permittedArrowDirections:animated:
and pass it the frame of your button as the first argument.
|
Belfast house prices have grown by 3.8% over the last year to reach an average of £127,700, according to research.
Hometrack, which monitors the movements of house prices in the UK's 20 biggest cities, said Manchester saw the steepest growth at 8.8% year-on year, reaching £151,800.
With growth of 3.8%, Belfast's rate of expansion was 16th in the list of the 20 biggest UK cities.
London was the most expensive city in which to buy a house, at £488,700 - a leap of 5.6%.
The Scottish city of Aberdeen was the only city to experience a fall in house prices, with its average now £181,600 - a decrease of 5.9%.
Richard Donnell, insight director at Hometrack, said the impact of Brexit was unclear.
He added: "In cities where affordability remains attractive, we expect demand to hold up in the short term albeit with slower growth in sales volumes. Overall we continue to expect the rate of house price growth to moderate over the rest of 2017." |
Q:
How do I apply script to only one sheet
I need help tweaking the following code to apply to only one sheet in the workbook. I want to update column N when any cell in the row is modified starting at row 9. This works perfectly for me except that it tries to update all sheets in the workbook and I just want it to apply to one sheet.
function isInRange(checkRange, targetCell) {
Logger.log('checking isInRange');
var targetRow = targetCell.getRow();
if (targetRow < checkRange.getRow() || targetRow >
checkRange.getLastRow()) return false;
Logger.log('not outside the rows');
var targetColumn = targetCell.getColumn();
if (targetColumn < checkRange.getColumn() || targetColumn >
checkRange.getLastColumn()) return false;
Logger.log('not outside the columns');
return true;
}
function onEdit(eventObj) {
var checkRange = thisSheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
var checkRange = thisSheet.getRange("A9:N1500");
if (isInRange(checkRange, eventObj.range)) {
Logger.log('cell is in range');
var propertyCell = eventObj.range;
var timestampCell = thisSheet.getRange(propertyCell.getRow(), 14);
timestampCell.setValue(Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), "GMT-4",
"MM/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss a"));
} else {
Logger.log('must be outside the range');
}
}
A:
Try this:
function onEdit(e) {
var sh=e.range.getSheet();
if(sh.getName()!='WhatEverSheetYouWant') return;
if(e.range.rowStart > 8 && e.range.rowStart <= 1500 && e.range.columnStart >= 1 && e.range.columnStart < 15) {
sh.getRange(e.range.rowStart,14).setValue(Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), Session.getScriptTimeZone(), "MM/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss a"));
}
}
|
The cake cutting ceremony has become one of the most important and expected part of the wedding since so many unique and gorgeous modern wedding cake toppers and designs appeared in this field. Every guests can’t hardly wait to see how the wedding cake is going to look like, how tall and big is going to be, how many flavors, colors and intricate detailed decorative elements will it have and what theme will it have.
Nowadays the wedding cake is a true piece of art, a masterpiece of the wedding day and the expression of art, culture and personal tastes and vision of the bride and the groom. So a wonderful cake topper is very important for wedding.
Our personalized cake topper will catch the guests eyes to show your happiness wedding~! |
Endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, thrombogenesis and fibrinolysis in patients with hypertensive crisis.
Hypertensive crisis is an extreme phenotype of hypertension and hypertension-related thrombotic complications. This is most evident in patients with hypertensive crisis having advanced retinopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). We examined whether hypertensive crisis complicated by advanced retinopathy is associated with endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, thrombin generation and decreased fibrinolytic activity. In addition, we tested the association between these procoagulant changes and the development of TMA and end-organ dysfunction. Several key mediators of coagulation were assessed in 40 patients with hypertensive crisis with and without retinopathy and compared with 20 age, sex and ethnicity-matched normotensive controls. In patients with hypertensive crisis, associations with markers of TMA and renal dysfunction were assessed by regression analysis. Soluble P-selectin levels were higher in patients with hypertensive crisis compared with controls regardless of the presence or absence of retinopathy (P<0.01). Levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF), VWF propeptide, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) and plasmin-antiplasmin (PAP) complexes were significantly higher in hypertensive crisis with retinopathy compared with normotensive controls (P-values<0.01), whereas in patients without retinopathy only VWF propeptide was higher (P=0.04). VWF, VWF propeptide, soluble tissue factor, F1+2 and PAP were positively associated with markers of TMA and renal dysfunction (P≤0.05). Hypertensive crisis with retinopathy confers a prothrombotic state characterized by endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation and increased thrombin generation, whereas fibrinolytic activity is enhanced. The observed changes in prothrombotic and antithrombotic pathways may contribute to the increased risk of ischaemic and haemorrhagic complications in this extreme hypertension phenotype. |
Plenty of people spent Memorial Day at a barbecue, the beach or at a party.
And plenty of people spent their day in a movie theater; Khaled Holmes was one of them.
But unlike everybody else, Holmes saw his movie with Troy Polamalu
The four-star offensive guard, ex-Trojan Alex Holmes' brother, happens to have the Pittsburgh Steeler safety as a brother-in law.
"We saw 'What Happens in Vegas,'" Holmes said.
Holmes has been casually doing the extraordinary on and off the field for a while now. Whether it was scoring near 2,000 on the SAT or being one of the most dominant linemen in the country, Holmes has made things look easy.
"I'm a pretty relaxed guy. I like being with my family and friends - playing some video games when I can," he said. "Mostly, it's relaxing when I get the time. I guess I'm pretty boring."
Life, on the other hand, has been offering up plenty of excitement. Holmes graduated from Mater Dei High School in Santa Ana on Saturday, giving him a few weeks off before heading in the USC campus in late June.
"I kind of have an advantage because I'll get to relax a little bit before I head up to SC," he said. "I'll just hang out with my family and with my friends."
Like fellow USC signee Matt Kalil, Holmes said he felt some pressure to commit and sign with the Trojans because of their family ties.
"My brother definitely tried to pressure me, but he knew that it was my decision," Holmes said. "I'm not sure he made much impact, but really, I thought it was the right decision for me."
Now that the process is over, Holmes is ready to use his brother as a resource, as he transitions to college life.
"It's comforting. It's a very assuring thought knowing I won't be doing anything that my brother hasn't done," Holmes said. "Every step of the way, he's going to be there to help me out no matter what."
The 6-foot-5, 290-pounder said he's been spending time working out, preparing for summer workouts. But while he's strengthening his body, he's mindful of another important kind of preparation.
"If anything, it's more of a mental thing getting ready for college," Holmes said. "It's a huge change. I think the mental factor is something underrated by a lot of guys.
"I'm just trying to get my mind right."
While Holmes hopes to make an impact on the field as a true freshman, he's realistic about the chances.
" I'd like to come in and work really hard, and hopefully, play my way onto the field," he said. "I'd love to be able to get on the field as a freshman, but we'll see how it goes. It's a goal."
Holmes could have a leg up, though. He sad he's grasping the playbook very well.
"Luckily at Mater Dei, we ran a pretty intricate system in terms of high school," he said. "Hopefully, it won't be too much of an adjustment."
Regardless of what happens, things are definitely changing in Holmes' life, and he's embracing it.
"Things are really moving fast. The past four years seem like a blur. I'm sure the next four will move even faster," he said. "It's exciting; it's fun. I wouldn't change anything. |
Islamic extremists have stoned a 15-year-old boy in Syria to death for the ‘crime’ of being gay.
Crowds gathered in Mayadin, a city in the eastern Deir ez-Zor province, to watch the horrific execution.
The boy, Jamal Nassir al-Oujan, was arrested by the ISIS-led Islamic police on Sunday (22 May).
After a short trial, the Sharia Court found him ‘guilty’ of sodomy and ruled he should be killed by stoning.
‘Al-Oujan was brutally stoned to death by ISIS militants in Jaradiq square in the Mayadin city on Monday afternoon,’ an eyewitness told ARA News, speaking on condition of anonymity.
‘Also, some civilians were forced to participate in stoning the victim,’ the source added. ‘The brutal scene has shocked all residents of Mayadin.’
It is claimed Islamic extremists murder gay people in this way to ‘cleanse them of their sins’.
This murder comes after ISIS, also known as Da’esh and ISIL, released a propaganda video that delivered a clear, terrifying warning to what happens to gay people in countries under their control. In the video, it shows one man being thrown off a roof in front of a baying mob in the ground. One is stoned to death by a mob. Another is beheaded by a bloody sword.
ISIS have described gay people as the ‘worst of creatures’. |
Polyphenolic natural products are of current interest because of their numerous biological activities, their widespread occurrence in foodstuffs, and their resulting relevance for human health. Polyphenolic natural products have one or several hydroxyl groups on their aromatic rings and often an additional hydroxyl group in the 3 position. Several different hydroxylation patterns of the A and B rings have been found in nature. Representative examples include: (−)-epiafzelechin, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, (−)-gallocatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin, their respective 3-gallate esters, as well as two 3-(30-methyl)gallate esters, which are referred to collectively herein as “catechins.” (+)-Catechin, (−)-catechin, (+)-epicatechin and (−)-epicatechin are flavan-3-ols, with (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin the most abundant. Catechins constitute about 25% of the dry weight of fresh tea leaves although the total content varies widely depending on tea variety and growth conditions. Catechins are also present in the human diet in chocolate, fruits, vegetables and wine. Catechins have found use in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes, including but not limited to myocardial infarction and angina; acute ischemic events in other organs and tissues, including but not limited to renal injury, renal ischemia and diseases of the aorta and its branches; injuries arising from medical interventions, including but not limited to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures and aneurysm repair; cancer; and metabolic diseases, including but not limited to diabetes mellitus. Health benefits of catechins have been broadly attributed to antioxidant properties, effects on intestinal microorganisms and nutrient absorption, and effects on metabolism and metabolic enzymes.
Catechins for use as pharmaceutical and neutraceutical preparations have been obtained through plant extraction, followed if desired by purification of individual catechin species using chromatographic methods. To prove definitively the structures and to develop structure-activity relationships assigned to the compounds purified from cocoa, and other sources, comparisons must be made of defined structure prepared synthetically to polyphenols such as epicatechin. Synthetic monomers, dimers and oligomers are useful in various in vitro and ultimately in vivo models for pharmacological activity.
From a purely synthetic viewpoint, however, such molecules present difficulty in controlling the desired stereochemistry, as well as the sensitivity of the unprotected compounds to acids, bases, and oxidizing agents. There are certain processes available for the synthesis of epicatechin, however, the processes and the starting material is very costly or final product is of very low yield, leading to a very costly final product. Therefore there remains a need for efficient synthetic processes for the large scale preparation of epicatechins and catechin monomers from commercially available sources. |
Unregistered, as a new member your first 5 posts will be subject to moderation.
So if your post is submitted successfully, but does not show up immediately, please be patient, as it may take some time for a moderator to approve it.
Please don't double post.
Everyone who has replied to this thread so far has given you solid information. Run with it.
You are married to the person he is now. Not the person he used to be.
You're kidding me, right? Drugs have nothing to do with it? Wake up girl!
You give your family the person you are. If you're happy and strong, you give happiness and strength to your family. If your miserable... you give misery. Which one do you think is best? Your first job is to do FOR YOU what you need to do FOR YOU, even if that means ending it with him. This will get you a lot closer to being able to give your kids your happiness and strength, instead of your misery.
Staying with someone who uses drugs tells your kids its ok to use drugs. Is that what you want to teach them? My personal opinion about alcoholics and druggies is they care about no one.
pardon, I think i gave the impression that he does it all the time. He uses it recreationally, when he's out with his friends. and i think I worded it wrong up top. drugs helped to change him, but they were only a part of it. Not "drugs made him an entirely different person", but I think that it did affect him.
and i am running with this information. i've started reading up on the sites that I've been given. I've only really had time to skim over them, and will read them in depth when my kids get to sleep tonight (summer vacation is chaos!)
And in order for me to be happy and for my family to be happy, I want to resolve this. i want to come out of this and use my experience in a positive way. That's why I came here. And you all have been very helpful. You've given me perspective, and information that i can use. i definitely appreciate it.
pardon, I think i gave the impression that he does it all the time. He uses it recreationally, when he's out with his friends
So what? You have a very casual attitude about drugs. You're teaching your kids that same casual attitude right now. Is that what you want to do? I've never seen drugs affect people in a positive way. That includes smoking and alcohol. Employers screen for it, people make less intelligent decisions with it.
So what? You have a very casual attitude about drugs. You're teaching your kids that same casual attitude right now. Is that what you want to do? I've never seen drugs affect people in a positive way. That includes smoking and alcohol. Employers screen for it, people make less intelligent decisions with it.
i personally don't use drugs. I've done them once or twice, and thought, meh. They were not a problem if he did them every once in a great while, while he was out camping with friends, etc. I do not condone doing them around my children and nothing has ever been done around my children.
However, when he is using them as a crutch, then it becomes a problem. If I treat them casually, I was raised that way. My mother only once had a talk about drugs with me, saying it was ok to try some of them, but to use them safely, and it was better if I didn't. It was never a big deal in my house, so I never felt like certain drugs were a big deal in any sense, good or bad. I have a living example of how addiction is and what to stay away from; my aunt, who uses heavy stuff like meth, crack, cocaine, pain pills. I know what addiction is and how it poisons.
So, while I believe that the drugs have something to do with his newfound lifestyle, I think that there are other factors playing into it. My original thought was "I don't want to downplay the effect that they had on him, but I don't think that they're the only cause."
And yes, I have had a talk with him about them. I even talked to the Other Woman about him on them, and we compared and contrasted. I've wanted to see some type of counselor with him, as a couple, for a while now, and we've found someone we both think is a good choice, so we will be looking into it. Your concerns are valid, and while I don't think that occasional usage of some things are bad, I certainly don't advocate them as a way to solve your issues and I definitely will not be advertising them to my kids in the future. Hope that made it a little bit clearer.
I'm going to say a few more things, then I'm going to move on. I know your going to live the way you see fit. Part of that way seems to be your casual attitude about drugs. In my opinion poly is a different subject than drugs. It's also my opinion that drugs promote bad behavior, which makes the honesty and intelligent choices poly requires harder to achieve. One does affect the other is some ways.
The final points I have to make are:
Quote:
Originally Posted by RagingBibliophile
If I treat them casually, I was raised that way. My mother only once had a talk about drugs with me, saying it was ok to try some of them, but to use them safely, and it was better if I didn't. It was never a big deal in my house, so I never felt like certain drugs were a big deal in any sense, good or bad.
She passed it on to you. You're passing it on to your own kids. See the pattern? Doesn't have to be that way. I gave you my opinion.That's it for me on this thread, unless you show signs of wanting to get to a better place instead of just rationalizing everything.
I'm going to say a few more things, then I'm going to move on. I know your going to live the way you see fit. Part of that way seems to be your casual attitude about drugs. In my opinion poly is a different subject than drugs. It's also my opinion that drugs promote bad behavior, which makes the honesty and intelligent choices poly requires harder to achieve. One does affect the other is some ways.
The final points I have to make are:
She passed it on to you. You're passing it on to your own kids. See the pattern? Doesn't have to be that way. I gave you my opinion.That's it for me on this thread, unless you show signs of wanting to get to a better place instead of just rationalizing everything.
I wish you well - Snowmelt
I do understand where you are coming from. And I thank you for your opinions. I do not do drugs because I choose not to, not because I've been shielded from it. So I'm thinking that my mother found a decent way. I'd rather my kids experience it in safety and with knowledge if they ever decided to do it. Of course I will try to talk them out of it, and warn them of the dangers and consequences.
As you've pointed out, I'm a little blase about CERTAIN substances. Not all. There is a difference. I'm not blind to the effect that it has on any relationship, when used constantly, or as a crutch in dealing with certain things. As I mentioned in my previous post, he and I have agreed to try some kind of counseling, so that we CAN move forward.
Also, to him, he is very largely into the rave community, with free love, which encompasses the drugs and freedom and pseudo-spirituality and poly-relations of a sort. And that is why I'm on this site, to find out the differences and the similarities. I'm really not sure that he is actually poly at all, or he would give more thought on this.
I'm sorry if my posts are jumbled or if I seem to flounder. It's hard for me to make the words come out right sometimes, with my head all fogged up with everything. I think you see me as wishy washy when it comes to some things, but I am attempting to be as honest as I can.
"That's why I've come here, because whenever I ask questions, he gives me the run around, or spouts out this ... pseudo spiritual stuff that leaves me opened mouth."
In case you haven't tried this, let me advise asking him clear, direct, inescapable questions. And if he still starts answering philosophically, call him on it and say, "You're evading the direct question. Just answer me on the terms that I asked."
He seems to be coming from a place that, "Poly is good," and fixated on that idea, rather than acknowledging, "Poly isn't good for everyone," and thus he is evading the questions. Attempt a little "verbal judo," and see if you can't get him, well, cornered in a place where he has to answer you plainly and directly, rather than float off on some philosophical rant.
What you really need to do is figure out what you and he can both live with. If there is no intersection between those two sets, then you are left with some hard decisions to make.
"He is very largely into the rave community, with free love, which encompasses the drugs and freedom and pseudo-spirituality and poly-relations of a sort. And that is why I'm on this site, to find out the differences and the similarities."
Ah, the dream of all humanity being ready to share romantic love as freely as friendly love. Who knows what but we, as a species, may arrive there someday. But we're not there yet.
Somewhere, you need a middle ground between what you are offering as specifics, and what he is offering as generalities.
I encourage you to find a mutually benificial compromise if you can.
Sincerely,
Kevin T.
__________________Love means never having to say, "Put down that meat cleaver!"
I basically said goodbye on my last reply because I thought you were getting defensive. I didn't want to argue. I come here to try to help. I can't help someone who is defensive. It also just not fun talking to someone who is defensive. You seemed to have backed off that. I appreciate your sincerity.
I keep forgetting to tell you something. I know you don't do drugs yourself, but allowing your husband to do it shows your kids you're fine with it just as much as if you were doing it yourself. I said that because I forgot to earlier. Now you know my opinion on your husband's drug use. I don't have to keep saying it.
Quote:
Originally Posted by RagingBibliophile
Also, to him, he is very largely into the rave community, with free love, which encompasses the drugs and freedom and pseudo-spirituality and poly-relations of a sort. And that is why I'm on this site, to find out the differences and the similarities.
To me spirituality is partly about looking within myself to find my own truth, and encouraging others to do the same for themselves. My sixth sense, if you will, works best when I help my body take care of itself by eating as healthy as I know how to, and trying to live as balanced as I can. It's working well for me.
Living this way has to benefit me, as well as all the people in my life I affect through the things I do.
Quote:
Originally Posted by RagingBibliophile
I'm really not sure that he is actually poly at all, or he would give more thought on this.
You make a very good point here. Maybe your husband is trying to get some "out of this world" type of experiences, and he is looking for others who will encourage him as he tries? That is a wild guess on my part. You know him and I don't. As I said to someone who used to be a friend of mine - while I'm here in this world, I want to do things that give me the best chance of actually being here in this world.
That's why I do my best to eat well. I think the "other places" we all can go are interesting to think about, and even learn about. While I'm here, it's best to be here. That goes for mono, poly people, and everyone - just my opinion.
"You are saying blahblah. Please be clear and direct with me. I am hearing that you looking for me to be ok with you having a hardswinger sideline going. Is this correct? And you plan to be doing this how? every Fri nite?"
Pin it the freakin' flip DOWN.
He has to offer you a new relationship contract then, articulate what he's after. Because he's not honoring the contract you are on now. He's breaking previous agreements.
If he's the one wanting to go poly? Give me your contract in writing, one page front side.
Want, needs, limits, goals/reason to do it for.
I will consider and bring my own contract out. We can take it to the mat and see what can be negotiated or not.
Crap contract? Check out. He's not for reals.
Decent effort, needs polish? You actually willing to go there? How does it jive with what YOU want in your current rship contract? Not a love match any more? Check out.
I keep saying the same thing to you from different angles to see if any of that can aid you.
But if he's squirming around and refuses to play ball in turn about fair play? That tells you all you need to know. He will ALWAYS do that. Check out and spare yourself the agony of living with a "have my cake and eat it too" personality. Ugh.
Thank you guys. I've got the sites that you guys have given me, and I have skimmed over them, to read more in depth when I get a moment to myself (summer vacation, please school, start!!) so that I can come up with a list of questions. I think the thing that I need to improve upon is that I start getting very frustrated when he responds to my questions in the ways that I've explained. I then come off as the irrational one, because I get so worked up. So my resolve is to keep cool when I talk to him about it. Which will be hard, but it must be done. I'm so grateful for the help I've been provided on here, it's been exactly what I needed. I'll update my blog in the next day or so to show how our conversation went.
I think the thing that I need to improve upon is that I start getting very frustrated when he responds to my questions in the ways that I've explained. I then come off as the irrational one, because I get so worked up. |
Mariana Mazzucato is a professor of economics at University College London. She came to prominence following the publication of her 2013 book, The Entrepreneurial State, in which she argued for a bigger economic role for the state, claiming that politicians and bureaucrats are more innovative than people risking their own money. According to the Financial Times, she contributed to the Labour Party’s 2017 manifesto and to the Conservatives’ new industrial strategy.Now she has published another book, The Value of Everything: Making and Taking in the Global Economy. Her central thesis is that many people have become rich over recent decades not by creating value but by extracting it – financiers and internet entrepreneurs, among others. We have failed to see this because we are wedded to the false idea that “price determines value”.More specifically, we are fixated on the “marginalist” theory developed in the late 19th century by economists such as Stanley Jevons and Alfred Marshall (to name just the main English contributors).Marginalism is the idea that the price of a good is determined by its “marginal utility” – that is, by the subjective value placed on consuming the next or marginal unit of the good (which declines as the quantity increases) and by its value to the marginal supplier. The market price is found when the most the marginal buyer is willing to pay is equal to the least the marginal supplier is willing to accept. (Which should make it clear that, contrary to Mazzucato’s claim, on this theory, value determines price.)Refuting marginalism is the main task of Mazzucato’s book, not only because its falsity is central to her argument, but because of its near unquestioned status within economics. Anyone who studies Econ 101 and is taught about prices being determined by supply and demand is imbibing the theory. Yet it is difficult to even locate Mazzucato’s attempted refutation.At the beginning of her chapter on marginalism, she suggests that Jevons and the rest were merely doing the bidding of wealthy capitalists: “Faced with these threats … [from socialist critiques of capitalism], the powers that be needed a new theory of value that cast them in a more favourable light.” Mazzucato provides no evidence that this was the marginalists’ motivation. Yet, even if it were, it is irrelevant. You cannot refute a theory by pointing to the motives of those who developed it.Later in the chapter, there is a paragraph that seems to be some kind of critique of marginalism. Marginalism, she alleges, cannot “measure what Smith called ‘the wealth of nations’, the total production of an economy in terms of value. As value is now a merely relative concept… we can no longer measure the labour that produced the goods in the economy and by this means assess how much wealth was created.”This is impossible to follow. How does marginalism prevent anyone from measuring the amount of work done in the economy? And how would measuring this work allow us to assess how much wealth was created? Mazzucato seems to be merely asserting the long-refuted labour theory of value advanced by Adam Smith and Karl Marx. If she gave some new defence of that theory, it might be a decent argument against marginalism. But she doesn’t.The closest Mazzucato gets to providing a positive account of value occurs in a subsection of the introduction entitled, “What is value?”: “I want to be clear about how these two words are used. I use ‘value’ in terms of the process by which value is created – it is a flow. This flow of course results in actual things, whether tangible (a loaf of bread) or intangible (new knowledge). ‘Wealth’ instead is regarded as a cumulative stock of the value already created.”What does it mean to say that value is a process by which value is created? How can anything be the process by which it is, itself, created? What does it mean to say that value is a flow? Or that wealth is the stock of this flow? It’s gobbledygook.Mazzucato’s failure to refute marginalism, or to offer any coherent theory of value of her own, undermines her subsequent claims about who is making and who is taking, who is a producer and who a mere rentier. These assertions are entailed by no theory of value; they are the personal judgements of Mazzucato about who is deserving and who not.It is ironic, because Mazzucato complains about the subjectivism of marginalism thus: “If the assumption that value is in the eye of the beholder is not questioned, activities will be deemed to be value creating and others will not, simply because someone – usually someone with a vested interest – says so, perhaps more eloquently than others.”This gets marginalism hopelessly wrong. Value is not determined by “beholders”; it is determined by transactors bearing their own costs. If you pay £6 for a Big Mac meal, that is because it is worth at least that much to you. No beholder with a vested interest deemed it to be worth that much.It is, of course, Mazzucato who is the beholder deeming what things are really worth. Despite lacking any plausible theory of value, she is so confident in her judgements that she wants the state to force people to allocate resources to her preferred uses.Some commentators have remarked that Jeremy Corbyn’s political movement still lacks its own think tank or a foundational text. Well, perhaps The Value of Everything could serve as the latter. Like the Corbynistas, it is incoherent and authoritarian.This article was originally published by CapX |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fabric arrangement and method for controlling fluid flow and, more particularly, to a fabric arrangement and method for controlling fluid flow which may be utilized with friction elements.
2. Description of Related Art
In clutches, brakes, automatic transmissions, limited slip differentials, hoists and similar friction power transmission and energy absorption devices, there is generally provided one or more sets of cooperating members, in which one of the cooperating members drives the other. It is not uncommon for these cooperating members to move in a cooling medium or liquid, which is generally some type of lubricating oil, and frequently the oil is force circulated about and between the engaging surfaces of the cooperating members so as to continuously lubricate and cool them. In order to accomplish circulation of the cooling medium within blocker rings, clutch plates, transmission bands and the like, the prior art has provided grooves or slots directly in the engaging surfaces of one or both of the cooperating members or in friction material affixed thereto. For example, such a friction material may be a brass coating or a paper liner as seen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,267,912 to Bauer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,878,282 to Bauer, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,260,047 to Nels.
Forming grooves within the friction material of cooperating members not only adds complexity to the manufacture of such friction material and the power transmission-absorption device, but also is limited in its ability to circulate cooling medium therethrough. In order to reduce or eliminate the hydrodynamic friction stemming from oil or cooling medium lying on the surface of the friction material engaging the driving member, an improved friction material for circulating the cooling medium is required, especially one which may be varied according to desired parameters.
Prior art friction materials also include certain pyrolytic carbon friction materials as seen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,700,823 to Winckler and U.S. Pat. No. 4,291,794 to Bauer. In such friction material, a meshed cloth substrate formed of carbon fibers is provided with a coating of carbon or other material being deposited on the fibers by chemical vapor deposition. This type of friction material has the characteristic of a relatively open mesh which allows ready penetration by an adhesive for improved bonding, as well as a certain degree of porosity therethrough. However, as pointed out in the ""794 patent, grooving of such material is still provided in order to permit the flow of the cooling fluid between he friction faces of the cooperating members of the power transmission or energy absorption assembly. This type of friction material also does not easily provide highly bonded fibers at a friction surface of the material nor does it achieve a highly controlled texture as needed. Moreover, it has been found that such friction material is difficult to compress to a desired thickness, such as during the process of bonding it to a member.
It is also seen that such pyrolytic friction material utilizes as its substrate a plain weave of the type illustrated in FIG. 6, where both the fill and warp yarns of the material contact the cooperating element. Such an arrangement leads to increased wear of the friction material due to the effect on the yarns oriented perpendicularly to the direction of motion for the cooperating element. Therefore, an additional desired feature not found in prior art devices is a friction surface texture which reduces wear on the friction material.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a material is disclosed having a plurality of first yarns and a plurality of second yarns woven with the plurality of first yarns to form a predetermined arrangement in order to control fluid flow.
A second aspect of the present invention is a friction power absorption or power transmission assembly of the type having means for changing the relative position between a friction material and an opposing surface material from a position of complete engagement to a position of complete disengagement, the assembly including a first member, a second opposing member, a friction facing material affixed to one of the first and second members, the friction facing material being a woven fabric having a plurality of first yarns positioned in substantially parallel relationship to each other and a plurality of second yarns woven in serpentine fashion over and under the first yarns to form a texture having a plurality of plateaus and valleys, wherein only the plateaus of the woven fabric engage the other of the members, and means for introducing a liquid cooling medium between the first and second members.
Further, a method of making a friction facing material for use in a power absorption-transmission assembly is disclosed involving the steps of weaving a plurality of yarns in a predetermined pattern so as to form a woven fabric having a texture with a plurality of plateaus and valleys therein, fixing the woven fabric yarns in position, and providing an adhesive to the woven fabric.
Accordingly, one objective of the present invention is to provide a friction facing material for use with cooperating members of a power transmission-absorption device which is able to circulate cooling medium therethrough without the need for machining additional grooves or slots.
A further objective of the present invention is to provide a friction facing material for use with cooperating members of a power transmission-absorption device which can be oriented with respect to the direction of movement between the cooperating members so as to reduce wear and spin loss thereof.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a friction facing material for use with cooperating members of a power transmission-absorption device which can be woven so as to include flow channels of desired size and orientation. |
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NFL Player Poll: 86 Percent Say Sexual Orientation Does Not Matter To Them
OXFORD, MS - NOVEMBER 23: Michael Sam #52 of the Missouri Tigers celebrates with fans following a victory over the Ole Miss Rebels at Vaught-Hemingway Stadium on November 23, 2013 in Oxford, Mississippi. Missouri won the game 24-10. (Photo by Stacy Revere/Getty Images)
An anonymous survey of NFL players shows that while most don’t believe sexual orientation matters to them, there are some lingering issues surrounding acceptance of openly gay players. (Photo by Stacy Revere/Getty Images)
Columbia, Mo. (CBS ST. LOUIS) — An anonymous survey of NFL players shows that while most don’t believe sexual orientation matters to them, there are some lingering issues surrounding acceptance of openly gay players.
The ESPN survey of 51 anonymous players – about the sample size of a full team roster – were asked four questions regarding sexual orientation matters in the National Football League. Eighty-six percent said they are okay with a gay teammate, with 44 of the players agreeing that a player’s sexual orientation does not matter to them.
But should Missouri’s Michael Sam be drafted and become the NFL’s first openly gay player next year there is still some remaining concern seen in the survey responses.
Thirty-two of the players agreed that they “had teammates or coaches who used homophobic slurs this past season.” Nineteen of the 51 players surveyed said this was false.
Twenty-five of the players surveyed agreed with the statement, “An openly gay player would be comfortable in an NFL locker room.” Twenty one of the players said this was false, but five players chose not to answer that specific survey question.
Twelve players said that the statement “I would shower around a gay teammate” is false, and 39 of them said it was true.
A change in some behavior and an open policy on talking about the issues surrounding openly gay players were pointed out as necessary factors heading toward more league acceptance. One starting receiver told ESPN that a team’s discussion about Sam, should he be drafted, would need to happen from the very beginning.
“Whoever takes [Sam in the draft] should have an open talk at the beginning of camp, where everybody can ask what he’s comfortable with, what offends him, what boundaries there should be. When it comes to race, people already know the boundaries, to a certain extent. But I don’t think football players are overly familiar with what can and can’t be said around a gay person.”
President Barack Obama even weighed in on the issue, saying in a Sunday TNT interview that he’s proud of Sam’s decision to come out before the NFL Draft.
“I really like the fact that Michael did it before the draft because his attitude was, ‘You know what, I know who I am. I know I can play great football and judge me on the merits,’ ” Obama said of Sam, in a taped interview that aired during TNT’s pregame coverage of Sunday’s NBA All-Star Game. Vice President Joe Biden and the First Lady tweeted out similar encouragements to Sam. |
;;; slime-package-fu.el --- Misc extensions for SBCL
;;
;; Author: Tobias C. Rittweiler <tcr@freebits.de>
;;
;; License: GNU GPL (same license as Emacs)
;;
(require 'slime-autodoc)
(require 'slime-references)
(defun slime-enable-autodoc-for-sb-assem:inst ()
(push '("INST" . (slime-make-extended-operator-parser/look-ahead 1))
slime-extended-operator-name-parser-alist))
(defun slime-sbcl-exts-init ()
(slime-enable-autodoc-for-sb-assem:inst))
(slime-require :swank-sbcl-exts)
(provide 'slime-sbcl-exts) |
Sesame Street celebrated its 44th anniversary Sunday. And for 44 years, Hooper's Store has served as the hub of Muppet and human activity in the iconic neighborhood.
Mr. Hooper founded the convenience store in 1951, serving up birdseed milkshakes and life lessons to patrons. Following his death in 1982, David, Mr. Handford and Alan each took over management at different times, but retained the original name. Cookie Monster, Bert and various Honkers have also lent a furry hand at Hooper's over the years.
Birdseed shakes might only suit the taste buds of 8-foot-2-inch-tall yellow birds, but the store shelves are packed with goodies certain to satisfy monsters and people alike. Mashable discovered how to get to Sesame Street, and made a stop by Hooper's Store for a little grocery shopping.
See also: 5 Fun Science Experiments for Kids
While the types of products looked familiar, the brands were unique to the Sesame Street universe. Each item on the shelves had a perfectly funny — or punny — name, matching the whimsy you would expect to find at a shop that once employed a cookie-obsessed blue fuzzball.
Grab a shopping cart for a trip back to childhood, and don't forget to pick up a pack of HineePoo.
Hooper's Store Sesame Street
BONUS: General Photos of Hooper's Store
Hooper's Store
Images: Mashable |
the first derivative of a(v) wrt v.
-11164*v
Let l(m) = -2*m**3 - 5*m**2 - 13*m - 3. Let a be l(-7). Find the third derivative of -26*n**4 + 527*n**3 + 5*n**4 - 35*n**2 - a*n**3 wrt n.
-504*n - 12
Suppose -5*k = -5*c - 1 + 16, -13 = -5*c + 3*k. What is the third derivative of -35*u**5 + 23*u**5 + 41*u**c + 3*u**6 + 9*u**6 + 18*u**5 wrt u?
1440*u**3 + 360*u**2
Suppose h = -3*t + 5 - 1, 4*t = 5*h + 18. What is the second derivative of -k**t + 7*k**2 - 15*k - 15*k + 4 + 25*k wrt k?
12
Suppose -15 = -5*m - 0*m + 5*h, 0 = 3*h. Let d(v) = -6*v + 171. Let l be d(28). Differentiate -27 + 5*s**m + 11*s**3 + 0*s**l wrt s.
48*s**2
Let y(q) = q**5 + 4*q**2 + q - 1. Let m(d) = -d**5 - 91*d**2 + 84*d + 22. Let n(i) = m(i) + 6*y(i). Find the second derivative of n(u) wrt u.
100*u**3 - 134
Let s(t) = t + 23. Let x be s(-10). Let u(r) = -r**2 + 13*r + 31. Let f be u(x). Differentiate 0*q + 11*q - 25*q - f wrt q.
-14
Suppose 4*j = z + 207, 0 = -z + 1 + 4. Differentiate j*b**3 - 2 - 4*b**3 - 46 - 3 with respect to b.
147*b**2
Let t(r) = -52*r - 258. Let z be t(-5). What is the third derivative of 235*q**3 - 120*q**2 + 215*q**2 - 157*q**z wrt q?
1410
Suppose -5*n - o + 221 - 15 = 0, 3*o - 114 = -3*n. Let m be ((-12)/n)/(1/(-21)). Differentiate m*u**2 + 33 - 29 - 28 with respect to u.
12*u
Let r(c) = c + 6. Let s = 40 + -35. Let k be r(s). Differentiate -k + 12*b**4 - b**4 - 16 + 28 with respect to b.
44*b**3
Suppose -17 = -4*u + 3. Suppose -5*p - 5*q = -20 - 5, u*q = -3*p + 19. What is the third derivative of 28*i**3 + 17*i**2 + 28*i**2 + i**p wrt i?
174
Let m(l) = -79*l**2 - 1155*l + 8. Let y(p) = 245*p**2 + 3466*p - 22. Let q(n) = -11*m(n) - 4*y(n). What is the second derivative of q(h) wrt h?
-222
Differentiate 365 + 98 - 28 + 1043 + 2786*s**4 wrt s.
11144*s**3
Let w(q) be the second derivative of 3639*q**7/14 - 523*q**3/3 + 2*q**2 + 211*q - 12. Find the second derivative of w(r) wrt r.
218340*r**3
Suppose 5*g + 8 = 23, 4*u + 3*g = 17. Differentiate 43 - 18*c**2 - 33*c**3 + 40*c**u - 22*c**2 wrt c.
-99*c**2
Suppose 1 = -3*w + 5*q, -2*w + q + 13 = 3*w. Let s be (-1 - w) + 0 - -6. What is the third derivative of -7*k**s + 14*k**3 + 13*k**3 + 12*k**6 - 27*k**3 wrt k?
1440*k**3
Let l(p) = -5*p**3 - 39*p**2 + 1248*p - 2462. Let o(g) = -g**3 - 13*g**2 + g - 1. Let b(i) = l(i) - 3*o(i). Differentiate b(k) wrt k.
-6*k**2 + 1245
Find the third derivative of -828*d**4 - 412*d**2 - 498*d**4 - 3165*d**2 wrt d.
-31824*d
Let m(p) = -26*p**3 + p**2 + 2926*p. Let r(h) = -105*h**3 + 3*h**2 + 11703*h. Let o(z) = 26*m(z) - 6*r(z). Find the second derivative of o(c) wrt c.
-276*c + 16
Let t = -15 + 19. What is the first derivative of 67*i**t - 30 - 3 + 15*i**4 - 74 wrt i?
328*i**3
Let t(c) = 251*c**3 - 4*c**2 - 3*c + 447. Let k(u) = 501*u**3 - 7*u**2 - 5*u + 877. Let n(z) = 4*k(z) - 7*t(z). What is the second derivative of n(l) wrt l?
1482*l
Suppose 0 = z + n - 5 - 13, -22 = -3*z + 5*n. What is the second derivative of 51*s + 3*s**2 + z*s**3 - 5*s**2 - 2 + 2 wrt s?
84*s - 4
Let n(c) be the first derivative of -35/4*c**4 - 111 + 0*c**3 + 147*c + 0*c**2. Find the first derivative of n(m) wrt m.
-105*m**2
Let q(y) = 2*y**2 - 5*y + 11. Let t be q(-5). Find the second derivative of 3*u + 29 - u + t*u**5 - 17*u**5 wrt u.
1380*u**3
Let n(x) be the third derivative of 0*x**4 - 3*x**2 + 0*x**6 - 1/7*x**7 + 64/3*x**3 + 0 + 30*x + 0*x**5. Differentiate n(c) wrt c.
-120*c**3
Let k(u) = 3*u + 37. Let q be k(-11). Suppose -q*l - 4*f - 2 = -14, -14 = -3*l - 2*f. Find the second derivative of 336 - 336 + 22*o**4 + l*o wrt o.
264*o**2
Let u(g) = 5*g - 120. Let h be u(25). Differentiate 15*a - 57 - h*a - 4*a + 9*a - 4*a**4 wrt a.
-16*a**3 + 15
Let s(t) = t**4 - 2*t**3 + 2*t**2 + t + 1. Let v(r) = -640*r**4 - 8*r**3 + 8*r**2 + 5*r + 3732. Let n(y) = 4*s(y) - v(y). Differentiate n(c) with respect to c.
2576*c**3 - 1
Let u(t) = -125*t**2 - 6*t - 52. Let c(p) = -9*p - 4*p + 377*p**2 - 5*p + 35*p + 157. Let o(x) = 4*c(x) + 11*u(x). What is the second derivative of o(y) wrt y?
266
Differentiate -82*r**3 - 3870 - 529*r**3 - 276*r**3 wrt r.
-2661*r**2
Suppose 4 = 47*j - 45*j. What is the third derivative of -6*o**j + 39*o**2 - 58*o**6 + 85*o**6 - 123*o**6 wrt o?
-11520*o**3
Let q(v) be the second derivative of v**7/42 - 3*v**6/10 - 289*v**4/4 + 933*v. Find the third derivative of q(w) wrt w.
60*w**2 - 216*w
Let l(c) = 3*c**3 + 1739*c**2 - 2*c. Let i(w) = -9*w**3 - 6955*w**2 + 9*w. Let j(h) = 2*i(h) + 9*l(h). Find the third derivative of j(o) wrt o.
54
Let a(j) = -j**4 + j**2 + 4*j - 1. Let i(d) = -220*d**4 + 6*d**2 - 32*d - 6955. Let h(y) = -8*a(y) - i(y). Find the first derivative of h(q) wrt q.
912*q**3 - 28*q
Let c(u) = -u**2 - 7*u + 31. Let y be c(-10). Let k(l) be the first derivative of 7 + 2 - 5*l**3 + y + 9*l**2 - 2. What is the second derivative of k(s) wrt s?
-30
Suppose -2*c + 7 = -11. What is the first derivative of -c - 32 + 56*z - 162*z wrt z?
-106
What is the first derivative of 4261*g**2 + 173 - 451 - 208 + 232 - 542 wrt g?
8522*g
Let v(g) be the first derivative of -969*g**4/4 + 518*g**3 + 2*g + 53. Find the third derivative of v(i) wrt i.
-5814
Let z(k) be the second derivative of k**6/30 + 113*k**5/5 - 72*k**4 - 252*k - 3. What is the third derivative of z(g) wrt g?
24*g + 2712
Suppose 9*l - 32*l + 46 = 0. What is the second derivative of -y + 16*y**2 - 4*y**2 + 11*y**3 - 79 - 12*y**l wrt y?
66*y
Let m(p) be the second derivative of 23*p**7/280 - 61*p**4/24 - 61*p**3/6 - 43*p. Let l(g) be the second derivative of m(g). Differentiate l(f) wrt f.
207*f**2
Let m(p) = 2*p**4 - p**3 - p**2 + p - 2. Let b(r) = 81*r**4 - 5*r**3 - 7*r**2 - 92*r - 10. Let s(a) = b(a) - 5*m(a). Find the second derivative of s(o) wrt o.
852*o**2 - 4
Differentiate -32*s**3 - 3614 + 8452*s**2 - 124*s**3 - 8437*s**2 with respect to s.
-468*s**2 + 30*s
Let s(z) be the third derivative of 108*z**8/7 + z**5/30 + 905*z**4/12 - 11*z**2 - z + 282. What is the third derivative of s(c) wrt c?
311040*c**2
Let n(w) = -w**3 - w**2 - 3*w - 1. Let p be n(-1). What is the third derivative of -19 + 25 + b**3 + 60*b**6 + 2 - 7*b**p - b**3 wrt b?
7200*b**3
Let q(v) be the second derivative of 393*v**6/10 - v**4/3 + 49*v**2/2 + 1039*v. What is the third derivative of q(i) wrt i?
28296*i
Suppose 0 = -4*i - 0*d + 3*d - 40, 0 = i + 5*d + 10. Let c be (237/i + (-4)/(-20))*-2. Find the second derivative of -10*j + 47 - c - 11*j**5 wrt j.
-220*j**3
Let k(j) be the third derivative of -5*j**9/504 + 5*j**8/16 - 389*j**5/12 + j**2 - 113. Find the third derivative of k(l) wrt l.
-600*l**3 + 6300*l**2
Let f(g) be the third derivative of 0*g**4 + 5*g + 0 - g**2 + 53/60*g**5 + 11/6*g**3. Differentiate f(h) wrt h.
106*h
Let i(p) = 133*p**2 - 386*p. Let k(n) = -194*n - 922 + 922 + 66*n**2. Let j(a) = -6*i(a) + 11*k(a). Find the second derivative of j(h) wrt h.
-144
Let k(z) be the first derivative of -5*z**6/6 + 104*z**5/5 - z**4/4 - 543*z**2/2 - 8*z + 2983. Find the second derivative of k(w) wrt w.
-100*w**3 + 1248*w**2 - 6*w
Let p(w) = -10768*w**2 - 21*w + 115. Let q(r) = -32310*r**2 - 62*r + 348. Let a(h) = -7*p(h) + 2*q(h). Find the second derivative of a(m) wrt m.
21512
Suppose 2*r = -4*k + 122938, -5*r + 122941 = 16*k - 12*k. Differentiate 65 + 30734*o - 150*o**3 - k*o wrt o.
-450*o**2
Let g(y) be the second derivative of 0 - 77/4*y**4 + 0*y**2 - 141*y + 0*y**3 + 19/20*y**5. What is the third derivative of g(x) wrt x?
114
Let w be (-10)/12 + 1239/18. What is the second derivative of 5*o**4 + 3*o**2 + 5*o**4 - o**4 + w*o + 4*o**4 wrt o?
156*o**2 + 6
Find the first derivative of 23*s**2 + 588 + 62 - 13705*s + 13692*s wrt s.
46*s - 13
Let x(f) be the second derivative of f**8/56 - 43*f**7/42 - f**5/10 + 3089*f**4/12 + f**2/2 + 3*f + 1178. What is the third derivative of x(k) wrt k?
120*k**3 - 2580*k**2 - 12
What is the first derivative of 5*x**2 - 1395*x - 5*x**2 + 1181*x**3 - 2635 + 1395*x wrt x?
3543*x**2
Find the second derivative of -12*u**4 + 75*u**3 - 3581*u + 14327*u + 382*u**4 - 84*u**3 wrt u.
4440*u**2 - 54*u
Suppose 23*v - 18*v = 195. Let y = v - 37. What is the first derivative of 3*b**4 - 4*b**2 + 3*b**y + b**2 + 9 wrt b?
12*b**3
Let m(n) = 5*n**3 + 158*n**2 - 3151*n + 2. Let x(d) = 23*d**3 + 631*d**2 - 12605*d + 9. Let p(v) = 9 |
uniform float size;
uniform float scale;
uniform float time;
uniform mat4 faceMatrix;
uniform sampler2D facePosition;
uniform sampler2D faceTexture;
uniform sampler2D spritePosition; // 256x16 LUT
attribute vec3 triangleIndices;
attribute vec3 weight;
//attribute vec3 faceUv;
attribute vec2 faceUv;
varying vec3 vColor;
varying vec2 lutIndex;
vec3 getp(float index) {
return texture2D(facePosition, vec2(mod(index, 32.0) / 32.0, floor(index / 32.0) / 32.0)).xyz;
}
vec3 getDest() {
return getp(triangleIndices.x) * weight.x + getp(triangleIndices.y) * weight.y + getp(triangleIndices.z) * weight.z;
}
vec2 getu(float index) {
return texture2D(facePosition, vec2(mod(index, 32.0) / 32.0, floor(index / 32.0) / 32.0 + 0.5)).xy;
}
vec2 getUV() {
return getu(triangleIndices.x) * weight.x + getu(triangleIndices.y) * weight.y + getu(triangleIndices.z) * weight.z;
}
vec4 lookup(in vec4 textureColor, in sampler2D lookupTable) {
#ifndef LUT_NO_CLAMP
textureColor = clamp(textureColor, 0.0, 1.0);
#endif
float blueColor = textureColor.b * 63.0;
vec2 quad1;
quad1.y = floor(floor(blueColor) / 8.0);
quad1.x = floor(blueColor) - (quad1.y * 8.0);
vec2 quad2;
quad2.y = floor(ceil(blueColor) / 8.0);
quad2.x = ceil(blueColor) - (quad2.y * 8.0);
vec2 texPos1;
texPos1.x = (quad1.x * 0.125) + 0.5/512.0 + ((0.125 - 1.0/512.0) * textureColor.r);
texPos1.y = (quad1.y * 0.125) + 0.5/512.0 + ((0.125 - 1.0/512.0) * textureColor.g);
#ifdef LUT_FLIP_Y
texPos1.y = 1.0-texPos1.y;
#endif
vec2 texPos2;
texPos2.x = (quad2.x * 0.125) + 0.5/512.0 + ((0.125 - 1.0/512.0) * textureColor.r);
texPos2.y = (quad2.y * 0.125) + 0.5/512.0 + ((0.125 - 1.0/512.0) * textureColor.g);
#ifdef LUT_FLIP_Y
texPos2.y = 1.0-texPos2.y;
#endif
vec4 newColor1 = texture2D(lookupTable, texPos1);
vec4 newColor2 = texture2D(lookupTable, texPos2);
return mix(newColor1, newColor2, fract(blueColor));
}
vec2 lookup_face_uv(in vec4 textureColor, in sampler2D lookupTable) {
vec2 index = lookup(textureColor, lookupTable).xy * 16.0;
index.x = floor(index.x);
index.y = 15.0 - floor(index.y);
index /= 16.0;
return index;
}
void main() {
vec4 dest = faceMatrix * vec4(getDest(), 1.0);
vec4 mvPosition = modelViewMatrix * vec4(mix(position, dest.xyz, time), 1.0);
gl_PointSize = size * (scale / abs(mvPosition.z));
gl_Position = projectionMatrix * mvPosition;
vec3 c = texture2D(faceTexture, getUV()).xyz;
vColor = c;
// vColor = faceUv;
lutIndex = lookup_face_uv(vec4(c, 1), spritePosition);
lutIndex = faceUv;
}
|
(2/43)/i))/i)/i)/i)/i*i assuming i is positive.
i**(-2291/2107)
Simplify (d**0)**(-41)*(d*d*(d*d**(-4/9)/d)/d*d)**(-6/11) assuming d is positive.
d**(-28/33)
Simplify (((j**5*j)**(2/47))**(-40))**13 assuming j is positive.
j**(-6240/47)
Simplify (h**(-2/15)*h**2)/(h**(-6))**(-1/3) assuming h is positive.
h**(-2/15)
Simplify ((x*x**(-1)/x)/((x/(x**(-4/3)*x*x))/x))/((x/(x**(-5/2)*x))/x*x**(-13/4)) assuming x is positive.
x**(17/12)
Simplify ((n/(n/(n/(n/(n/(n/(n*n**(-1/3)*n)))))))**(-27)/(n**(-1/2))**8)**48 assuming n is positive.
n**(-1968)
Simplify z**(-11/6)*(z/(((z*z*z*((z**(-4)/z)/z*z)/z)/z)/z))/z*((z*z**7)/z)**(5/6) assuming z is positive.
z**9
Simplify ((d**(2/19)/((d**(-5)/d)/d))/(((d**7/d*d)/d)/d**(2/21)))**24 assuming d is positive.
d**(3832/133)
Simplify ((i/(i*(i*i/i**(-1/8)*i)/i))/i*i**(-1/20))/(i**(-2/7)*i*i/(i*i**(-6)*i)) assuming i is positive.
i**(-2489/280)
Simplify ((l/(l/l**(-1/4)))**(-4/3)*(l*(l**0/l)/l*l*l)**(-2/41))**(-25) assuming l is positive.
l**(-875/123)
Simplify ((w**(2/5))**(-48)/(w*w/(w**1*w)*w)**(2/3))**(2/9) assuming w is positive.
w**(-596/135)
Simplify (w/(w**(-16)*w))/(w**(-1)*w)*w**(-5/6)/(w/(w*w**4*w)*w) assuming w is positive.
w**(115/6)
Simplify ((a*a**(5/4)*(a**8/a*a)/a)/(a**1*a)**(1/20))**20 assuming a is positive.
a**183
Simplify (v**(2/11)*v**(-32))**(1/7) assuming v is positive.
v**(-50/11)
Simplify ((r*r**(-1))/r)**(-2/101)/(r*r**(-9)*r*r*r**(-1)) assuming r is positive.
r**(709/101)
Simplify (((l*l*l/(((l*l*l/(l/(l*((l**(-1/8)*l)/l)/l))*l*l*l)/l)/l)*l)/(l**(-3)/l*l))**(2/17))**(-7/8) assuming l is positive.
l**(-231/544)
Simplify (j*j**1*j)**(14/9)*j**(8/7)*j*j**(4/15) assuming j is positive.
j**(743/105)
Simplify ((d/d**(1/11))**(6/11))**25 assuming d is positive.
d**(1500/121)
Simplify (k*k**(1/23))**(-1/8)/(k**(-1/12)/(k/k**(1/58))) assuming k is positive.
k**(7489/8004)
Simplify (d*d/d**(-8))/(d**1/d)*d**(-2)*(d**(-2/5)/d)/d*d*d assuming d is positive.
d**(38/5)
Simplify (z**18*z**(1/20))/(z**12/(z/(z**(-12)*z))) assuming z is positive.
z**(361/20)
Simplify (n**(-4/17)/n**(-2/17))**21 assuming n is positive.
n**(-42/17)
Simplify (z/(z**12/z))/(z*z**(2/35)*z*z)*(z*z**(-1/3))/(z/((z**7/z)/z)) assuming z is positive.
z**(-881/105)
Simplify (w**(-1/6))**(1/90)*w**36/(w/w**(17/4)) assuming w is positive.
w**(10597/270)
Simplify ((l/l**2)**(-3/5)/(l**(-8)*l**5))**(20/9) assuming l is positive.
l**8
Simplify (f**(-2/15)*f*f*f**(-10)/f*f)/(f/f**(-3)*f/f**(-21/5)) assuming f is positive.
f**(-52/3)
Simplify ((l**3)**39/(l**(2/3))**(3/17))**18 assuming l is positive.
l**(35766/17)
Simplify (q**14)**(-36)*q/(q/(q/(q/q**(-2/79))))*q/q**3 assuming q is positive.
q**(-39976/79)
Simplify (x*x/x**(2/19))**(4/39)/(x**(-3)/(x**15*x*x)) assuming x is positive.
x**(4988/247)
Simplify (v*v*v**(2/11))**(-3/14)/((v*v*v**(-1/4))/(((v*v*v/v**(-1))/v)/v)) assuming v is positive.
v**(-67/308)
Simplify (c**(-19))**(-25)*c*c*((c**(-1/9)*c)/c*c*c)/c*c*c**(-25) assuming c is positive.
c**(4085/9)
Simplify (m/m**(-9)*(m/m**(-5/4)*m)/m)/(((m/m**(7/3)*m)/m)/(m*m**(-21))) assuming m is positive.
m**(-77/12)
Simplify w**9/((w*w/w**(1/15))/w*w)*(w*w/(w**1/w)*w)**(13/2) assuming w is positive.
w**(797/30)
Simplify ((z/(z**(-15)/z))/(z*z/(z*z**(-42)*z)))**(-2/3) assuming z is positive.
z**(50/3)
Simplify ((v*(v**0*v)/v*v*v/(v/(((v*v**(-1/6))/v)/v)*v)*v*v)/(v**0*v**(-1/4)))**(2/19) assuming v is positive.
v**(25/114)
Simplify p**18/(p*p/(p*p*p*p**(2/29)*p))*(p**(-3/2))**(-45) assuming p is positive.
p**(5079/58)
Simplify ((t**(1/11)*t*t**14)**(1/18))**(-4/5) assuming t is positive.
t**(-332/495)
Simplify i/i**(-5/4)*i/i**10*(i**(-1/5))**(2/173) assuming i is positive.
i**(-23363/3460)
Simplify (r*r/(r**(1/4)*r)*r)**(2/13)/((r**(-8)/r)/r)**30 assuming r is positive.
r**(7807/26)
Simplify (y*y/((y/((y*y**(-6)*y)/y)*y)/y))**(-17/5)/(y*y*y**4*y)**32 assuming y is positive.
y**(-1052/5)
Simplify ((j**2/j*j)/j*j)**45/(j**(-1/10))**(6/17) assuming j is positive.
j**(7653/85)
Simplify ((x**12/x)/(x/((x*(x/(x/(x**(5/12)/x)))/x)/x)))/((x*x/(x**(-3/5)/x)*x)/x**27) assuming x is positive.
x**(1849/60)
Simplify ((o*(((o*o*o*o**(-23)/o)/o*o)/o)/o)/(o*o**(-3/5)))**3 assuming o is positive.
o**(-336/5)
Simplify z*z*z**(-15)*z*z**24/z*z**(-11/2)/(z*z**(-2/5)/z*z) assuming z is positive.
z**(49/10)
Simplify (g*g**(-3))**(-1)*g**(-2/13)*g*g**(-16)/g assuming g is positive.
g**(-184/13)
Simplify ((((f/(f/f**12))/f)/f*f**(-1/2)/f)**(-23))**(2/129) assuming f is positive.
f**(-391/129)
Simplify ((k/(k/(k*k/(k*k**(-11)))))/k)/k**(-2)*(k/(k/k**16))/k*(k/k**2*k)/k assuming k is positive.
k**27
Simplify ((x**(-2/15)*x**(-2/9)/x*x)/(((x/(x*x/(x/(x/(x*x**(1/4)/x)*x)*x))*x*x*x)/x)/x**(-2)))**43 assuming x is positive.
x**(-27907/180)
Simplify ((q**(1/11)/(q**(5/2)*q))/(q*q**(2/3)/q)**3)**4 assuming q is positive.
q**(-238/11)
Simplify (s**(3/7))**23/((s*s*s**22*s)/((s**(1/23)/s)/s)) assuming s is positive.
s**(-2753/161)
Simplify ((u/u**9)/u**(-21))**2 assuming u is positive.
u**26
Simplify ((c**(11/4)*c**(-13))**29)**(5/9) assuming c is positive.
c**(-5945/36)
Simplify (g**(-31)/g**(-3/2))**(-19) assuming g is positive.
g**(1121/2)
Simplify (x**43/(x*x/(x/((x/x**(-3/7))/x)*x)))**(-14) assuming x is positive.
x**(-596)
Simplify (j**11)**(-37/5)/((j/(j**(4/9)/j))/(((j**(-33)/j)/j)/j)) assuming j is positive.
j**(-5353/45)
Simplify (r**(-37)*r**(-14/9))/(r**31/r**23) assuming r is positive.
r**(-419/9)
Simplify (b**(-3))**(-31)*(b**(3/2))**(-7) assuming b is positive.
b**(165/2)
Simplify ((m**(1/7)*m/m**(-2))/(((m*(((m/(m**(-1/11)*m))/m)/m)/m*m*m)/m)/m*m*m**3))**39 assuming m is positive.
m**(3159/77)
Simplify (i**(-3/11)/i)/i**(-4)*(i/(i*i**20))/(i/i**(-30)*i) assuming i is positive.
i**(-542/11)
Simplify y**(-9)*y**(-1/4)*y*(y**4/y)/y*(y**(-3/4)*y)/y assuming y is positive.
y**(-7)
Simplify (l/(l*l**(-41)/l)*l*l*(l*(((l/(l/l**30)*l)/l)/l)/l)/l)/(l**(-12))**(-1/27) assuming l is positive.
l**(644/9)
Simplify ((o*o*(o**(-6)*o)/o*o*o*(o**(3/4)/o*o)/o*o)/(o/o**(-1/3))**(22/5))**(-2/35) assuming o is positive.
o**(61/150)
Simplify (m/((m**(-3/13)/m)/m)*m*((m*m**20*m)/m)/m)/(m**(3/13)*m*m/m**(-1/7)) assuming m is positive.
m**(153/7)
Simplify ((o**(1/11)*o*o**7*o)/((o**(3/2)/o)/o*o*o**(-1/4)*o))**36 assuming o is positive.
o**(3105/11)
Simplify v**(-1)*v*v**(-4/3)*v*v*v*v*(v/v**(-1/3))**(-1/2) assuming v is positive.
v**2
Simplify (y*y**(34/7)*y/(y*y/((y/(y*y**(-20)/y*y))/y*y)))**(-6) assuming y is positive.
y**(-1044/7)
Simplify ((((g**(1/3)*g)/g)/g)**(1/23)*(g*g*g/(g/(g**(2/5)/g)))/(g*g**(1/8)))**35 assuming g is positive.
g**(4753/552)
Simplify (n**3)**(1/59)/((n**14/n)/(n*n**(-13)*n)) assuming n is positive.
n**(-1413/59)
Simplify (((b*b*b**(1/3))/b*((b*b**(1/9))/b)/b)**(-7/12))**(-14/3) assuming b is positive.
b**(98/81)
Simplify ((((z**(-1/26)*z)/z)/z*z)**5)**27 assuming z is positive.
z**(-135/26)
Simplify (u**(-14)*u/u**6)/(u**(-1/25)*u**(-3/10)) assuming u is positive.
u**(-933/50)
Simplify m/(m**12/m)*((m/(m/(m*m**(-13))*m)*m)/m*m*m)/m*m**(-10)/m**(1/24) assuming m is positive.
m**(-769/24)
Simplify ((o/((o*o**(8/7))/o))/(o**(-6/5)/o))/(o**0)**21 assuming o is positive.
o**(72/35)
Simplify n*n**(11/2)*n*n/n**(-1/4)*n*n*n**7/((n/n**(-3/16))/n) assuming n is positive.
n**(281/16)
Simplify (c*(c*c/(c*c**(-1/6)*c)*c*c)/c)/(c**39/c)*(c*c*c**(-19/2))/c*c*c**(1/27) assuming c is positive.
c**(-1169/27)
Simplify ((g*(g*g**(1/21)*g)/g*g)/g**(-2/5))/(g/((g**(2/23)/g)/g)*g*g**23*g*g) assuming g is positive.
g**(-61499/2415)
Simplify ((k*k*k/((k/(k**(-12/5)/k*k)*k)/k))/k*k/((k*k**9)/k))/(k**6*(k*(k/((k/(k/(k/(k**(-4/15)*k))))/k)*k)/k)/k*k) assuming k is positive.
k**(-272/15)
Simplify (f**(-4/13)*f**(-1/9)*f*f)/(f**(2/13)*f)**(6/13) assuming f is positive.
f**(1595/1521)
Simplify ((p*p**(1/3))/((p*(p**(2/81)*p)/p)/p*p))**(1/40) assuming p is positive.
p**(5/648)
Simplify (q**(4/3)/q)**(4/7)/(q**(-12)*q*q**(2/7)) assuming q is positive.
q**(229/21)
Simplify c**(1/9)/((c/c**22*c)/c)*(c*c/(c/c**(1/9)))/c*c**(-13) assuming c is positive.
c**(74/9)
Simplify (w**(-7/2))**25/(w*(w*w**0)/w)**(-28/3) assuming w is positive.
w**(-469/6)
Simplify (f**(-9)*f)**(-3/2)/(((f*f**(2/3))/f)/f**32) assuming f is positive.
f**(130/3)
Simplify (f*f*(f*(f*(f/(f*f**29*f))/f)/f)/f*f*f*f** |
Q:
Bootstrap class dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right is not working on self-defined sub-menu's
In related to my previous question (Dropdown submenu on bootstrap is not working)
I'm currently building a sub-menu for a sub-menu of an li dropdown. So it means that it is nested. Under the banking menu there is transaction dropdown menu and below the transaction dropdown there is a menu for different type of transactions.
By the way, I've successfully created it BUT the submenu of the "transaction" module appears on the front of the transaction menu during hover, blocking the parent menu which is the transaction. How can I avoid it and place it on the right side of the transaction menu during hover? Anyways, I've done using "dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" but it doesnt change the output of the program. I think there is something wrong with my CSS.
HTML CODE:
<li class='dropdown'><a id = 'dLabel' class='dropdown-toggle active' data-toggle='dropdown' href='#'><img src = 'images/forbank.png' height = 35 width = 35>Banking<span class='caret'></span></a>
<ul class='dropdown-menu' role='menu' aria-labelledby='dropdownMenu'>
<li class = 'dropdown-submenu'>
<a tabindex = '-1' href='#'><span class = 'glyphicon glyphicon-cog'> </span> Transaction </a>
<ul class='dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right' aria-labelledby='dLabel'>
<li><a tabindex='-1' href='#'> Withdrawal / Deposit </a></li>
<li><a tabindex='-1' href='#'> Fixed Deposit </a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li role='separator' class='divider'></li>
<li><a href='#'><span class='glyphicon glyphicon-list-alt'> </span> Summaries </a></li>
<li><a href='#'><span class='glyphicon glyphicon-wrench'> </span> Settings </a></li>
</ul>
</li>
CSS CODE:
.dropdown-submenu {
position: relative;
}
.dropdown-submenu>.dropdown-menu {
top: 0;
left: 100%;
margin-top: -6px;
margin-left: -1px;
-webkit-border-radius: 0 6px 6px 6px;
-moz-border-radius: 0 6px 6px;
border-radius: 0 6px 6px 6px;
}
.dropdown-submenu:hover>.dropdown-menu {
display: block;
}
.dropdown-submenu>a:after {
display: block;
content: " ";
float: right;
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-color: transparent;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 5px 0 5px 5px;
border-left-color: #ccc;
margin-top: 5px;
margin-right: -10px;
}
.dropdown-submenu:hover>a:after {
border-left-color: #fff;
}
.dropdown-submenu.pull-left {
float: none;
}
.dropdown-submenu.pull-left>.dropdown-menu {
left: -100%;
margin-left: 10px;
-webkit-border-radius: 6px 0 6px 6px;
-moz-border-radius: 6px 0 6px 6px;
border-radius: 6px 0 6px 6px;
}
A:
For anyone who stumbles upon this in the future. Refer to https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/23553.
It seems bootstrap4's dropdown-menu-right is not working outside navbars. Jipexu's hack worked for me :
.dropdown-menu-right {
right: 0;
left: auto;
}
|
More Lyrics from Buddha Mil Gaya Movie
The Bhalee Bhalee See Ek Surat lyrics from Buddha Mil Gaya Movie are as correct as possible to our knowledge. if you want any changes, Please click here to Submit Lyrics for correction. please note that we don't provide any mp3 or songs CD or DVD. |
385 Mich. 30 (1971)
187 N.W.2d 211
PEOPLE
v.
PHILLIPS.
PEOPLE
v.
LEE.
PEOPLE
v.
LENGYEL
No. 4 January Term 1971, Docket Nos. 52,687, 52,793, 52,800.
Supreme Court of Michigan.
Decided June 2, 1971.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, William L. Cahalan, Prosecuting Attorney, Dominick R. Carnovale, Chief, Appellate Department, and Angelo A. Pentolino, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Marvin Blake (Norman L. Zemke, P.C., of counsel), for defendant Ronald Phillips on appeal.
Sherwin Schreier (Norman L. Zemke, P.C., of counsel), for defendants Michael C. Lee and Larry Lengyel on appeal.
PER CURIAM:
FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS
Defendants Phillips, Lee and Lengyel, together with three others, were charged in a single-count information with forcible rape of a 16-year-old complainant. All six defendants were tried jointly before a jury without objection and in the absence of any prior motions for separate trials. One defendant was acquitted. The five convicted defendants *33 appealed to the Court of Appeals where their convictions were affirmed. (20 Mich App 103.) The facts are sufficiently detailed in the majority and dissenting opinions of that Court and need not be repeated here. We granted leave to appeal to defendant Phillips on February 3, 1970. (383 Mich 765.) Leave to appeal was granted to defendants Lee and Lengyel on May 20, 1970, and the three cases ordered consolidated. (383 Mich 784.) No requests for leave to appeal were filed by the remaining two defendants.
QUESTIONS INVOLVED
The trial of defendants covered a period of four weeks. There are numerous assignments of error. We consider only two to merit discussion.
First, appellants contend they were denied a fair trial and due process of law because of the conduct of the prosecutor during the trial. Appellants describe the situation this way:
"Throughout the trial the prosecuting attorney persisted in making side comments and additional remarks, generally nonlegal in character, many times after the court had made its ruling upon objections raised. Often motion was made to have the comment stricken, and sometimes they were. Most of the time, however, the remarks were permitted to stay in the record."
Objections made during the trial to the comments and added remarks supplied by the prosecutor were addressed to the judgment and discretion of the trial judge in ruling on each occasion as it arose. We are not convinced that a condition of prejudice prevailed which prevented a fair trial. Appellants concede there was no motion for mistrial made in the trial court on the ground of misconduct of the *34 prosecutor. On such record we are unwilling to find reversible error.
Second, appellants urge that the trial judge committed reversible error in admitting in evidence photographs of them taken at the time of their arrest, some 10 to 12 hours after the alleged offense, and in allowing testimony describing their appearance when arrested. The arresting officer testified that at the time of the arrest certain writings, generally considered to be obscene sexual expressions, were on the bodies of each man. He stated further that defendant Lengyel had a torn brassiere around his neck and that defendants Lee and Phillips had prophylactics hanging from their clothing. Shortly after their arrival at the police station, the three were photographed nude from the waist up in both front and rear positions which is admittedly unusual police procedure.
During the trial, Phillips defended on the ground that whatever acts he committed with reference to the complainant were done with her consent and that, due to his drinking for the better portion of the previous two days, he was physically incapable of engaging in an act of sexual intercourse even though the opportunity was present; Lengyel denied he had relations of any kind with the complainant; and Lee denied having intercourse with the complainant, claiming she rejected him because he was married.
In the cross-examination of defendant Lengyel, the prosecutor inquired into the facts and circumstances of his arrest and whether there was any writing on his body when arrested. Over the objection of defense counsel, the prosecutor was permitted to show photographs to Lengyel and inquire if they served to refresh his memory as to the writings on his body at the time of his arrest. *35 Lengyel agreed as to the presence of the writings but could not recall that anyone had put them there. He was also shown photographs of defendants Phillips and Lee, purporting to show writings on their bodies at the time of arrest, and was interrogated regarding the identity of those defendants as shown in the photographs.
Appellants argue that the admission of the photographs in evidence was error, claiming they were neither relevant nor material to the offense charged, and that any probative value of the pictures was nullified by their inflammatory character and prejudicial effect. The people's response is that the photographs served to characterize the mental attitude and intent of the defendants to carnally ravish and that they are corroborative of the testimony of the complainant. The prosecutor relied on the statute which provides:
"In any criminal case where the defendant's motive, intent, the absence of, mistake or accident on his part, or the defendant's scheme, plan or system in doing an act, is material, any like acts or other acts of the defendant which may tend to show his motive, intent, the absence of, mistake or accident on his part, or the defendant's scheme, plan or system in doing the act, in question, may be proved, whether they are contemporaneous with or prior or subsequent thereto; notwithstanding that such proof may show or tend to show the commission of another or prior or subsequent crime by the defendant." MCLA § 768.27 (Stat Ann 1954 Rev § 28.1050).
Defendants were charged in the information with feloniously and unlawfully by force and against her will ravishing etc., a female over the age of 16 years. The crime is commonly known as rape. MCLA § 750.520 (Stat Ann 1954 Rev § 28.788). In a prosecution *36 for rape, intent is not an essential element. 4 Gillespie, Michigan Criminal Law and Procedure (2d ed), § 2176, p 2396.
Assault with intent to rape is a crime separate from rape and is likewise punishable as a felony by MCLA § 750.85 (Stat Ann 1962 Rev § 28.280). The gist of this offense is intent. People v. Petty (1926), 234 Mich 282; People v. Guillett (1955), 342 Mich 1, 6.
An accused charged with rape may be convicted of assault with intent to commit rape, assault and battery, or simple assault. People v. Gibbons (1932), 260 Mich 96. These are lesser included offenses in a charge of rape. People v. McKee (1967), 7 Mich App 296, leave to appeal denied. (379 Mich 785.)
Where a request has been made to charge the jury on a lesser included offense, the duty of the trial judge is determined by the evidence. If evidence has been presented which would support a conviction of a lesser offense, refusal to give the requested instruction is reversible error but, in the absence of such a request, the trial court does not err by failing to instruct on the included offenses. People v. Jones (1935), 273 Mich 430.
In the case at bar, there was no request by defendants Phillips and Lengyel for an instruction on included offenses. There was such a request by defendant Lee. Nonetheless, the trial judge instructed the jury as to all defendants on the included offenses. This was not error. Where no request to charge has been made but there is evidence during the trial which would support a conviction of a lesser offense, the trial judge may, sua sponte, instruct on the lesser offense. People v. Milhem (1957), 350 Mich 497.
*37 Even though the evidence for the people, if believed, shows the defendant to be guilty of the offense charged, this does not preclude a conviction of a lesser offense. People v. Blanchard (1904), 136 Mich 146; People v. Norman (1968), 14 Mich App 673.
In this case, each of the defendants denied forcibly raping the complainant and each testified as to the details of his conduct with complainant at the time of the alleged offense. If their testimony was believed by the jury, there was no concert of action among them or with the other defendants to commit a forcible rape. The jury could have found each defendant guilty of assault with intent to rape. Such a verdict would be substantiated by proof of a specific intent. The presence or absence of such specific intent was a question for the jury.
Intent is a state of mind which may be inferred from facts and circumstances established beyond a reasonable doubt. United States v. Summerour (ED Mich, 1968), 279 F Supp 407. Part of the facts and circumstances of this case was the physical condition in which defendants were found at the time of their arrest about 12 hours after the alleged offenses had been committed. The photographs and description of the appearance of these defendants at the time of their arrest had a material bearing on their state of mind which the jury was entitled to consider as to the issue of intent. The fact that the trial judge did not instruct the jury that this evidence could be considered solely for that purpose was not error since there was no request for a limiting instruction. MCLA 768.29 (Stat Ann § 28.1052); GCR 1963, 516.2, and 785.1; People v. Manchester (1926), 235 Mich 594; People v. Digione (1930), 250 Mich 206; People v. Clark (1954), 340 Mich 411; People v. George Baker *38 (1967), 7 Mich App 7; People v. Anderson (1968), 13 Mich App 247.
Viewed in its totality, the evidence presented during the four-week trial, if believed by the jury, is ample to sustain the conviction of these defendants. The convictions are affirmed.
T.M. KAVANAGH, C.J., and BLACK, ADAMS, T.E. BRENNAN, T.G. KAVANAGH, SWAINSON, and WILLIAMS, JJ., concurred.
|
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We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
jjp9999 (2180664) writes "The special effects arms race sci-fi films get stuck in has pulled the genre further and further from its roots of good storytelling and forward-thinking. The problem is that ‘When you create elements of a shot entirely in a computer, you have to generate everything that physics and the natural world offers you from scratch There’s a richness and texture when you’re working with lenses and light that can’t be replicated. The goal of special effects shouldn’t necessarily be to look realistic, they should be works of art themselves and help create a mood or tell a story.’ said filmmakers Derek Van Gorder and Otto Stockmeier. They hope to change this with their upcoming sci-fi film, ‘C,’ which will be shot entirely without CGI or green screens, opting instead for miniature models and creativity. They add that the sci-fi genre has gone wrong in other ways—getting itself stuck in too many stories of mankind’s conflict with technology, and further from the idea of exploration and human advancement. ‘In an era where science and technology are too often vilified, we believe that science-fiction should inspire us to surpass our limits and use the tools available to us to create a better future for our descendants,’ they said."Link to Original Source |
Nintendo Confirms Luigi Did Not Die Today Despite Clearly Dying
If you watched the Super Smash Bros. Direct this morning, you might remember that the Simon Belmont trailer started with everyone’s second favorite Mario brother in over his head in Castlevania. After fleeing from some monsters, Luigi comes face to face with Death himself, who slashes Luigi and takes his soul likely for banishment purposes. I mean, his name is Death.
In true Sakurai form, Luigi was not seen elsewhere in the entire Smash direct, because he was dead. It’s sad, but sacrifices had to be made. At least that was the common thought, but Nintendo has put everyone’s worries to rest.
It turns out sacrifices didn’t have to be made and Luigi is fine! Either that or Nintendo is denying plain facts, that Luigi is gone and they are pretending otherwise, like the 1993 political comedy Dave. Heck, the Luigi in the trailer might be a body double in the first place.
For now, all we have to go on is Nintendo’s word, but I’m watching closely. My suspicion is this is an inheritance scam. It continues the pattern of Smash Bros. newcomer reveals that sacrifice characters, like Mario and Mega Man in Ridley’s trailer or DeDeDe in K. Rool’s trailer. The Inkling reveal is the least deadly trailer of them all. |
Semilunar valve switch procedure: autotransplantation of the native aortic valve to the pulmonary position in the Ross procedure.
The Ross procedure has gained wide acceptance in young patients with aortic valve disease. The durability of the pulmonary autograft in the aortic position has been proved, with up to 24 years of follow-up. The homograft pulmonary valve, however, has limited longevity. To circumvent this problem we harvested, repaired, and reimplanted the native aortic valve with intact commissures in the pulmonary position in 13 patients undergoing the Ross procedure for aortic insufficiency. The cause of aortic insufficiency was rheumatic in 6 patients, congenital in 4, post-aortic valvotomy in 2, and bacterial endocarditis in 1. Patient age ranged from 5 to 45 years (mean, 17+/-9 years). Root replacement technique with coronary artery reimplantation was used. In the first 4 patients, the native aortic valve was sutured into the right ventricular outflow tract, and a polytetrafluorethylene patch was used to reconstruct the main pulmonary artery. In the last 9 patients, the aortic valve and polytetrafluorethylene patch were made into a conduit by another surgeon while the left-sided reconstruction was performed. All patients had marked reduction of left ventricular dilation and good function of the reimplanted native aortic valve, with up to 50 months of follow-up (mean, 29.9+/-14.2 months; range, 12 to 50 months). Two patients died 15 and 26 days, respectively, of a false aneurysm rupture at the distal aortic anastomosis. In the remaining 11 patients, 9 (82%) had mild or absent, and 2 (18%) had mild to moderate, neoaortic valve regurgitation. Similarly, 9 patients (82%) had mild or absent, and 2 (18%) had mild to moderate, neopulmonary valve regurgitation. Mild neopulmonary valve stenosis was present in 6 patients (54%) (mean gradient, 29+/-4 mm Hg; range, 25 to 35 mm Hg). All surviving patients are in functional New York Heart Association functional class I. We conclude that use of the native aortic valve with the Ross procedure makes the procedure attractive and potentially curative. The diseased aortic valve works well in the pulmonary position because of lower pressure and resistance. The valve leaflets should remain viable and grow in both the pulmonary and aortic positions because they derive nutrition directly from the blood. |
Get breaking news alerts and special reports. The news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings.
A 6th-grade boy who has been bullied because of his last name, Trump, is among about a dozen people invited by President Donald Trump and his wife, Melania, to the State of the Union on Tuesday, the White House said Monday.
Joshua Trump Courtesy White House
"Unfortunately, Joshua has been bullied in school due to his last name," the White House release said of Joshua Trump, of Wilmington, Delaware.
Among the Trumps' other guests are family members of Gerald and Sharon David of Reno, Nevada, an elderly couple who were killed in January, allegedly by an El Salvadoran man believed to be in the country illegally.
Also invited is Alice Marie Johnson, who was granted clemency by the president on a life sentence related to a nonviolent drug offense after reality star Kim Kardashian West personally lobbied on behalf of her.
Other guests include Judah Samet, a survivor of the Tree of Life synagogue shooting in Pittsburgh in October, who is also a Holocaust survivor; and Timothy Matson, a police SWAT team member who was shot responding to the shooting. |
Q:
FTP via PHP Error
I am having an issue with uploading to FTP from my website through PHP.
It connects OK, but then has an issue with the uploading of the image.
HTML
<form action="../scripts/php/saveupload.php" method="post">
<input name="file" type="file" />
<input name="submit" type="submit" value="Upload File" />
</form>
PHP
$ftp_server = "XXXXXX";
$ftp_user_name = "XXXXX";
$ftp_user_pass = "XXXXX";
$destination_file = "/public_html/img/news/";
$source_file = $_FILE['file']['tmp_name'];
// set up basic connection
$conn_id = ftp_connect($ftp_server);
ftp_pasv($conn_id, true);
// login with username and password
$login_result = ftp_login($conn_id, $ftp_user_name, $ftp_user_pass);
//check connection
if ((!$conn_id) || (!$login_result)) {
echo "FTP connection has failed!";
echo "Attempted to connect to $ftp_server for user $ftp_user_name";
exit;
} else {
echo "Connected to $ftp_server, for user $ftp_user_name";
}
// upload the file
$upload = ftp_put($conn_id, $destination_file, $source_file);
// check upload status
if (!$upload) {
echo "FTP upload has failed!";
} else {
echo "Uploaded $source_file to $ftp_server as $destination_file";
}
// close the FTP stream
ftp_close($conn_id);
The message I am getting is:
"Connected to ftp.theucl.co.uk, for user theucl.co.ukFTP upload has
failed!"
This is now the error I am getting after following Niths advice on the error...
It appears the error is around the following..
$source_file = $_FILES['file']['tmp_name'];
and
$upload = ftp_put($conn_id, $destination_file.$_FILES['file']['tmp_name'], $source_file,FTP_ASCII);
Obviously there's a common apperance amongst this
A:
Solved it by using a tutorial on Youtube by Thorn Web... instead of altering what I had above I restarted it and now have the following:
<?php
if($_POST['submit']){
$name = $_FILES['upload']['name'];
$temp = $_FILES['upload']['tmp_name'];
$type = $_FILES['upload']['type'];
$size = $_FILES['upload']['size'];
if(($type == "image/jpeg") || ($type == "image/jpg") || ($type == "image/gif")){
if($size <= 1000000){
move_uploaded_file($temp, "../img/news/$name");
}else{
echo "The file: '<b>$name</b>' is too big...<br>
The size is <b>$size</b> and needs to be less than 100GB. ";
}
}else{
echo "This type '<b>$type</b>' is not allowed";
}
}
?>
This works a treat
|
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