prompt stringlengths 2.47k 4.52k | completion stringlengths 15 66 |
|---|---|
Thus, dimensional analysis may be used as a sanity check of physical equations: the two sides of any equation must be commensurable or have the same dimensions. This has the implication that most mathematical functions, particularly the transcendental functions, must have a dimensionless quantity, a pure number, as the... | to cancel out the units" |
mile" and" hour", 10 miles per hour converts to 4. 4704 meters per second. As a more complex example, the concentration of nitrogen oxides( i. e.,formula_7) in the flue gas from an industrial furnace can be converted to a mass flow rate expressed in grams per hour( i. e., g/ h)offormula_8 by using the following informa... | point of reference). Reversing this |
yields the formula for obtaining a quantity in units of Celsius from units of Fahrenheit; one could have started with the equivalence between 100° C and 212° F, though this would yield the same formula at the end. Hence, to convert the numerical quantity value of a temperature" T"[ F] in degrees Fahrenheit to a numeric... | the three fundamental units", he |
also noted that gravitational mass can be derived from length and time by assuming a form of Newton' s law of universal gravitation in which the gravitational constant" G" is taken as unity, thereby defining. By assuming a form of Coulomb' s law in which Coulomb' s constant" k" e is taken as unity, Maxwell then determi... | basis with a dimension( Q) |
of electric charge, since Q= TI. As examples, the dimension of the physical quantity speed" v" isand the dimension of the physical quantity force" F" isThe unit chosen to express a physical quantity and its dimension are related, but not identical concepts. The units of a physical quantity are defined by convention and... | the general formConsequently, every possible |
commensurate equation for the physics of the system can be rewritten in the formKnowing this restriction can be a powerful tool for obtaining new insight into the system. Mechanics. The dimension of physical quantities of interest in mechanics can be expressed in terms of base dimensions T, L, and M– these form a 3- di... | defined but the right- hand |
side is not. Similarly, while one can evaluate monomials(" x"" n") of dimensional quantities, one cannot evaluate polynomials of mixed degree with dimensionless coefficients on dimensional quantities: for" x" 2, the expression( 3 m) 2=9m2 makes sense( as an area), while for" x" 2+" x", the expression( 3 m) 2+ 3 m=9m2+ ... | an" affine" unit, one must |
not only choose a unit of measurement, but also a point of reference, while to assign a number to a" vector" unit only requires a unit of measurement. Thus some physical quantities are better modeled by vectorial quantities while others tend to require affine representation, and the distinction is reflected in their di... | problem, or the need for |
additional parameters. If we have chosen enough variables to properly describe the problem, then from this argument we can conclude that the period of the mass on the spring is independent of: it is the same on the earth or the moon. The equation demonstrating the existence of a product of powers for our problem can be... | answer may depend on a |
dimensionless number such as the Reynolds number, which may be interpreted by dimensional analysis. A third example: demand versus capacity for a rotating disc. Consider the case of a thin, solid, parallel- sided rotating disc of axial thickness" t"( L) and radius" R"( L). The disc has a density" ρ"( M/L3), rotates at ... | the derivation of Poiseuille' s |
Law. We wish to find the rate of mass flow of a viscous fluid through a circular pipe. Without drawing distinctions between inertial and substantial mass we maychooseastherelevantvariablesTherearethreefundamentalvariablessotheabovefiveequationswillyieldtwodimensionlessvariableswhichwemaytaketobeformula_58andformula_59 ... | with L specifying the dimension |
of length, and specifying the orientation. Siano further shows that the orientational symbols have an algebra of their own. Along with the requirement that, the following multiplication table for the orientation symbols results: Note that the orientational symbols form a group( the Klein four- group or" Viergruppe"). I... | unit. The orientational analysis of |
a quantity equation is carried out separately from the ordinary dimensional analysis, yielding information that supplements the dimensional analysis. Dimensionless concepts. Constants. The dimensionless constants that arise in the results obtained, such as the C in the Poiseuille'sLawproblemandtheformula_74 in the spri... | powers of dimensions: This is |
particularly useful in particle physics and high energy physics, in which case the energy unit is the electron volt( eV). Dimensional checks and estimates become very simple in this system. However, if electric charges and currents are involved, another unit to be fixed is for electric charge, normally the electron cha... | proposed in 1986 by Nippon |
Telegraph and Telephone( NTT) and the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunication( MPT) in Japan, where there were plans to develop an" Integrated Network System" service. However, it was not possible to practically implement such a digital TV service until the adoption of discrete cosine transform( DCT)videocompressiontec... | formats. For their part, the |
consumer electronics industry and broadcasters argued that interlaced scanning was the only technology that could transmit the highest quality pictures then( and currently) feasible, i. e., 1, 080 lines per picture and 1, 920 pixels per line. Broadcasters also favored interlaced scanning because their vast archive of i... | This can sometimes be arranged |
automatically, using a statistical multiplexer( or" stat- mux"). With some implementations, image resolution may be less directly limited by bandwidth; for example in DVB- T, broadcasters can choose from several different modulation schemes, giving them the option to reduce the transmission bit rate and make reception ... | 13 segments. The 12 segments |
of them are allocated for HDTV and remaining segment,the13th, is used for narrow- band receivers such as mobile television or cell phone. Comparison of analog vs digital. DTV has several advantages over analog TV, the most significant being that digital channels take up less bandwidth, and the bandwidth needs are conti... | bandwidth consumption. Effects of poor |
reception. Changes in signal reception from factors such as degrading antenna connections or changing weather conditions may gradually reduce the quality of analog TV. The nature of digital TV results in a perfectly decodable video initially, until the receiving equipment starts picking up interference that overpowers ... | to a quarter of American |
households could be throwing a TV out in the next two years following the regulation change". In 2009, an estimated 99 million analog TV receivers were sitting unused in homes in the US alone and, while some obsolete receivers are being retrofitted with converters, many more are simply dumped in landfills where they re... | of the Glorious Revolution, after |
which time it was sometimes described as a declaration of independence. Overview. The" Declaration" was part of a broader diplomatic campaign, which sought to assert Scotland' s position as an independent kingdom, rather than its being a feudal land controlled by England' s Norman kings, as well as lift the excommunica... | nobles confident in their letters |
to Pope John of the distinct and independent nature of Scotland' s kingdom; the" Declaration of Arbroath" was one such. According to historian David Crouch," The two nations were mutually hostile kingdoms and peoples, and the ancient idea of Britain as an informal empire of peoples under the English king' s presidency ... | only 12 are named within |
the document. It is thought likely that at least 11 more seals than the original 39 might have been appended. The" Declaration" was then taken to the papal court at Avignon by Sir Adam Gordon, Sir Odard de Maubuisson, and Bishop Kininmund who was not yet a bishop and probably included for his scholarship. The Pope heed... | Declaration of Arbroath' s composition; |
an" Arbroath 2020" festival was arranged but postponed due to the COVID- 19 pandemic. The National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh planned to display the document to the public for the first time in fifteen years. Digital data, in information theory and information systems, is information represented as a string of dis... | on the intersections of x |
and y lines. When a switch is pressed, it connects the corresponding x and y lines together. Polling( often called scanning in this case) is done by activating each x line in sequence and detecting which y lines then have a signal, thus which keys are pressed. When the keyboard processor detects that a key has changed ... | original Greek word" daimon" did |
not carry negative connotations. The Ancient Greek word" daimōn" denotes a spirit or divine power. The Greek conception of a" daimōn" notably appears in the works of Plato, where it describes the divine inspiration of Socrates. In Christianity morally ambivalent daimons were replaced by demons, forces of evil only stri... | of demons in relation to |
the human world remains ambivalent and largely depends on context. Ancient Egyptian demons can be divided into two classes:" guardians" and" wanderers."" Guardians" are tied to a specific place; their demonic activity is topographically defined and their function can be benevolent towards those who have the secret know... | is a demonic god who |
was well known to the Babylonians and Assyrians throughout the first millennium BCE. He is shown with" a rather canine face with abnormally bulging eyes, a scaly body, a snake- headed penis, the talons of a bird and usually wings." He was believed to be the son of the god Hanbi. He was usually regarded as evil, but he ... | disease while overwhelming or" seizing" |
the victim. To cure such diseases, it was necessary to draw out the evil demons by certain incantations and talismanic performances, at which the Essenes excelled. Josephus, who spoke of demons as" spirits of the wicked which enter into men that are alive and kill them", but which could be driven out by a certain root,... | of men. Ethiopic Enoch refers |
to Genesis 6: 4– 5, and provides further description of the story connecting the Nephilim to the corruption of humans. According to the Book of Enoch, sin originates when angels descend from heaven and fornicate with women, birthing giants. The Book of Enoch shows that these fallen angels can lead humans to sin through... | the human mind and as |
symbolic devices. There were also cases of power- hungry Asuras challenging various aspects of the gods, but only to be defeated eventually and seek forgiveness. Evil spirits. Hinduism advocates the reincarnation and transmigration of souls according to one' s karma. Souls( Atman) of the dead are adjudged by the Yama a... | the demons. As the demon' |
s power increase by human' s acts of wickedness, they are weakened by good deeds, especially performance of invocation of Ahura Mazda. The Vendidad further explores the possibility for humans to become a daeva. A human who performs sexual immoralities and/ or worships the daeva, becomes one themselves after death. Duri... | Azhi Dahāka", is not a |
degraced deity, but a human tyrant, identified as an Arab, who slayed his father in exchange for power. It is only after he was tricked by the devil for power, he grows serpentine heads on his shoulders and becomes less human. Divs are often black, long teeth, claws as hands; a monstrous but humanoid shape. Despite the... | spirits as demons( daimon). New |
Testament. Through the New Testament, demons appear 55 times, 46 times in reference to demonic possession or exorcisms. Some old English Bible translations such as King James Version do not have the word' demon' in their vocabulary and translate it as' devil'. As adversaries of Jesus, demons are not morally ambivalent ... | 7– 9). These demons are |
passed into Mastema' s authority, where once again, an angel is in charge of demonic spirits. The Testament of Solomon, written sometime in the first three centuries C. E., the demon Asmodeus explains what he is the son of an angel and a human mother. Another demon describes himself as having died in the" massacre in t... | and animalistic behavior in their |
victims. They are unable to speak, while other lower types of demons might give out false oracles. The demons are divided into: Invocation of Saints, holy men and women, especially ascetics, reading the Gospel, holy oil or water is said to drive them out. However, Psellos' schemes have been too inconsistent to answer q... | of God and so God |
has ultimate power over all of them. According to exegisis of the Quran the devils are the offspring of Iblis( Satan). They are said to live until the world ceases to exist, always shadow in humans( and jinn) whispering onto their hearts to lead them astray. Prayers are used to ward off their attacks, dissolving them t... | bad demons are clearly older |
than good ones." Sigmund Freud developed this idea and claimed that the concept of demons was derived from the important relation of the living to the dead:" The fact that demons are always regarded as the spirits of those who have died" recently" shows better than anything the influence of mourning on the origin of th... | inevitable or highly likely( as |
it has already started to happen), and conversely to imply that an event is impossible or highly unlikely( the one domino left standing). Demonstration of the effect. The domino effect can easily be visualized by placing a row of dominoes upright, each separated by a small distance. Upon pushing the first domino, the n... | low cost per unit pumping |
speed when compared with other types of pump used in the same vacuum range. Diffusion pumps cannot discharge directly into the atmosphere, so a mechanical forepump is typically used to maintain an outlet pressure aroundThe oil diffusion pump is operated with an oil of low vapor pressure. The high speed jet is generated... | pump oil. Steam ejectors. The |
steam ejector is a popular form of pump for vacuum distillation and freeze- drying. A jet of steam entrains the vapour that must be removed from the vacuum chamber. Steam ejectors can have single or multiple stages, with and without condensers in between the stages. While both steam ejectors and diffusion pumps use jet... | the biggest film stars of |
the1950s–1960s. Day' s film career began during the Golden Age of Hollywood with the film" Romance on the High Seas"( 1948). She starred in films of many genres, including musicals, comedies, dramas, and thrillers. She played the title role in" Calamity Jane"( 1953) and starred in Alfred Hitchcock' s" The Man Who Knew ... | to the radio, sometimes singing |
along with the likes of Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Tommy Dorsey, and Glenn Miller", she told A. E. Hotchner, one of Day' s biographers." But the one radio voice I listened to above others belonged to Ella Fitzgerald. There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and I' d sing along with her, trying to catch ... | role after auditioning for director |
Michael Curtiz. She was shocked at being offered the role in the film, and admitted to Curtiz that she was a singer without acting experience. But he said he liked that" she was honest", not afraid to admit it, and he wanted someone who" looked like the All- American Girl". Day was the discovery of which Curtiz was pro... | in the thriller/ noir" Julie"( |
also 1956) with Louis Jourdan. After three successive dramatic films, Day returned to her musical/ comedic roots in" The Pajama Game"( 1957) with John Raitt. The film was based on the Broadway play of the same name. She worked with Paramount Pictures for the comedy" Teacher' s Pet"( 1958), alongside Clark Gable and Gig... | not released until 1994. The |
following year( 1968), she starred in the comedy film" Where Were You When the Lights Went Out?" which centers on the Northeast blackout of November 9, 1965. Her final feature, the comedy" With Six You Get Eggroll", was released in 1968. From 1959 to 1970, Day received nine Laurel Award nominations( and won four times)... | appeal of the multimillion- dollar |
judgment against him for legal malpractice, and upheld conclusions of a trial court and a Court of Appeal that Rosenthal acted improperly. In April 1986, the U. S. Supreme Court refused to review the lower court' s judgment. In June 1987, Rosenthal filed a$ 30 million lawsuit against lawyers he claimed cheated him out ... | gather support for an Honorary |
Academy Award for Day to herald her film career and her status as the top female box- office star of all time. According to" The Hollywood Reporter" in 2015, the Academy offered her the Honorary Oscar multiple times, but she declined as she saw the film industry as a part of her past life. Day received a Grammy for Lif... | films we made together and |
remained great friends. I miss him." Animal welfare activism. Day' s interest in animal welfare and related issues apparently dated to her teen years. While recovering from an automobile accident, she took her dog Tiny for a walk without a leash. Tiny ran into the street and was killed by a passing car. Day later expre... | she originally co- owned with |
her son. It was an early pet– friendly hotel and was featured in" Architectural Digest" in 1999. Marriages. Day was married four times. From March 1941 to February 1943, she was married to trombonist Al Jorden( 1917– 1967), whom she met in Barney Rapp' s Band. Jorden had schizophrenia and was violent, and died by suici... | c. 1200 BCE describing perfumery |
operations. The tablets provided textual evidence that an early primitive form of distillation was known to the Babylonians of ancient Mesopotamia.EarlyevidenceofdistillationwasalsofoundrelatedtoalchemistsworkinginAlexandriainRomanEgyptinthe1st century CE. Distillation was practiced in the ancient Indian subcontinent, ... | distillations. Both alembics and retorts |
are forms of glassware with long necks pointing to the side at a downward angle to act as air- cooled condensers to condense the distillate and let it drip downward for collection. Later, copper alembics were invented. Riveted joints were often kept tight by using various mixtures, for instance a dough made of rye flou... | material, the vapors of the |
distilling compounds, and the distillate change during the distillation. In batch distillation, a still is charged( supplied) with a batch of feed mixture, which is then separated into its component fractions, which are collected sequentially from most volatile to less volatile, with the bottoms– remaining least or non... | starting from a given mixture, |
it appears to have a boiling range instead of a boiling point, although this is because its composition changes: each intermediate mixture has its own, singular boiling point. The idealized model is accurate in the case of chemically similar liquids, such as benzene and toluene. In other cases, severe deviations from R... | operation. Continuous distillation produces a |
minimum of two output fractions, including at least one volatile distillate fraction, which has boiled and been separately captured as a vapor and then condensed to a liquid. There is always a bottoms( or residue) fraction, which is the least volatile residue that has not been separately captured as a condensed vapor. ... | undesired air components can be |
prevented by pumping a low but steady flow of suitable inert gas, like nitrogen, into the apparatus. Simple distillation. In simple distillation, the vapor is immediately channeled into a condenser. Consequently, the distillate is not pure but rather its composition is identical to the composition of the vapors at the ... | cooled and condensed, usually yielding |
a layer of oil and a layer of water. Steam distillation of various aromatic herbs and flowers can result in two products; an essential oil as well as a watery herbal distillate. The essential oils are often used in perfumery and aromatherapy while the watery distillates have many applications in aromatherapy, food proc... | to collect fractions under a |
reduced pressure. To do this a" cow" or" pig" adaptor can be added to the end of the condenser, or for better results or for very air sensitive compounds a Perkin triangle apparatus can be used. The Perkin triangle, has means via a series of glass or Teflon taps to allows fractions to be isolated from the rest of the s... | purify ethanol beyond 95%, a |
drying agent( or desiccant, such as potassium carbonate) can be added to convert the soluble water into insoluble water of crystallization. Molecular sieves are often used for this purpose as well. Immiscible liquids, such as water and toluene, easily form azeotropes. Commonly, these azeotropes are referred to as a low... | from ethanol. Industrial process. Large |
scale industrial distillation applications include both batch and continuous fractional, vacuum, azeotropic, extractive, and steam distillation. The most widely used industrial applications of continuous, steady- state fractional distillation are in petroleum refineries, petrochemical and chemical plants and natural ga... | columns, corrosive systems, systems prone |
to foaming, systems requiring low liquid holdup, and batch distillation. Conversely, factors that favor plate columns are: presence of solids in feed, high liquid rates, large column diameters, complex columns, columns with wide feed composition variation, columns with a chemical reaction, absorption columns, columns l... | such as whiskey and rum |
are prepared by distilling these dilute solutions of ethanol. Components other than ethanol, including water, esters, and other alcohols, are collected in the condensate, which account for the flavor of the beverage. Some of these beverages are then stored in barrels or other containers to acquire more flavor compounds... | as Emmy Noether and Alonzo |
Church. Among his 69 Ph. D. students in Göttingen were many who later became famous mathematicians, including( with date of thesis): Otto Blumenthal( 1898), Felix Bernstein( 1901), Hermann Weyl( 1908), Richard Courant( 1910), Erich Hecke( 1910), Hugo Steinhaus( 1911), and Wilhelm Ackermann( 1925). Between 1902 and 1939... | whom were fellow academics, among |
them Arnold Sommerfeld, a theoretical physicist and also a native of Königsberg. News of his death only became known to the wider world six months after he died. The epitaph on his tombstone in Göttingen consists of the famous lines he spoke at the conclusion of his retirement address to the Society of German Scientist... | obtain a construction";" the proof"( |
i. e. the symbols on the page)" was"" the object". Not all were convinced. While Kronecker would die soon afterwards, his constructivist philosophy would continue with the young Brouwer and his developing intuitionist" school", much to Hilbert' s torment in his later years. Indeed, Hilbert would lose his" gifted pupil"... | talk" The Problems of Mathematics" |
presented during the course of the Second International Congress of Mathematicians held in Paris. The introduction of the speech that Hilbert gave said: He presented fewer than half the problems at the Congress, which were published in the acts of the Congress. In a subsequent publication, he extended the panorama, and... | Nevertheless, the subsequent achievements of |
proof theory at the very least" clarified" consistency as it relates to theories of central concern to mathematicians. Hilbert' s work had started logic on this course of clarification; the need to understand Gödel'sworkthenledtothedevelopmentofrecursiontheoryandthenmathematicallogicasanautonomousdisciplineinthe1930s. ... | part in quantum theory. In |
1926, von Neumann showed that, if quantum states were understood as vectors in Hilbert space, they would correspond with both Schrödinger' s wave function theory and Heisenberg' s matrices. Throughout this immersion in physics, Hilbert worked on putting rigor into the mathematics of physics. While highly dependent on h... | than 0. 1% in 20- |
year- old mothers to 3% in those of age 45. The extra chromosome is believed to occur by chance, with no known behavioral activity or environmental factor that changes the probability. Down syndrome can be identified during pregnancy by prenatal screening followed by diagnostic testing or after birth by direct observat... | with Down syndrome are at |
increased risk for obesity as they age. Growth charts have been developed specifically for children with Down syndrome. Neurological. This syndrome causes about a third of cases of intellectual disability. Many developmental milestones are delayed with the ability to crawl typically occurring around 8 months rather tha... | at a much earlier age |
and affects 10– 70% of people with Down syndrome. Heart. The rate of congenital heart disease in newborns with Down syndrome is around 40%. Of those with heart disease, about 80% have an atrioventricular septal defect or ventricular septal defect with the former being more common. Mitral valve problems become common as... | autoimmune hypothyroidism. Type 1 diabetes |
mellitus is also more common. Gastrointestinal. Constipation occurs in nearly half of people with Down syndrome and may result in changes in behavior. One potential cause is Hirschsprung' s disease, occurring in 2– 15%, which is due to a lack of nerve cells controlling the colon. Other frequent congenital problems incl... | syndrome. The other common mechanisms |
that can give rise to Down syndrome include: a Robertsonian translocation, isochromosome, or ring chromosome. These contain additional material from chromosome 21 and occur in about 2. 5% of cases. An isochromosome results when the two long arms of a chromosome separate together rather than the long and short arm separ... | chronic diseases that are typically |
associated with older age such as Alzheimer' s disease. The accelerated aging suggest that trisomy 21 increases the biological age of tissues, but molecular evidence for this hypothesis is sparse. According to a biomarker of tissue age known as epigenetic clock, trisomy 21 increases the age of blood and brain tissue( o... | eleven who test positive on |
screening have a fetus with Down syndrome. Ultrasound. Ultrasound imaging can be used to screen for Down syndrome. Findings that indicate increased chances when seen at 14 to 24 weeks of gestation include a small or no nasal bone, large ventricles, nuchal fold thickness, and an abnormal right subclavian artery, among o... | this, however, is not very |
strong. In the United States, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975 requires public schools generally to allow attendance by students with Down syndrome. Individuals with Down syndrome may learn better visually. Drawing may help with language, speech, and reading skills. Children with Down syndrome st... | Currently between 4 and 12% |
die in the first year of life. The probability of long- term survival is partly determined by the presence of heart problems. In those with congenital heart problems, 60% survive to 10 years and 50% survive to 30 years of age. In those without heart problems, 85% survive to 10 years and 80% survive to 30 years of age. ... | policy of a program of |
systematic involuntary euthanization.Withthediscoveryofkaryotypetechniquesinthe1950s it became possible to identify abnormalities of chromosomal number or shape. In 1959 Jérôme Lejeune reported the discovery that Down syndrome resulted from an extra chromosome. However, Lejeune' s claim to the discovery has been disput... | 40 mothers in the United |
States who have had one child with Down syndrome, half agreed to screening in the next pregnancy. Within the US, some Protestant denominations see abortion as acceptable when a fetus has Down syndrome while Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholicism do not. Some of those against screening refer to it as a form of" eug... | one reads. Often these difficulties |
are first noticed at school. When someone who previously could read loses their ability, it is known as" alexia". The difficulties are involuntary and people with this disorder have a normal desire to learn. People with dyslexia have higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder( ADHD), developmental languag... | conditions. Dyslexia often co- occurs |
with other learning disorders, but the reasons for this comorbidity have not been clearly identified. These associated disabilities include: Causes. Researchers have been trying to find the neurobiological basis of dyslexia since the condition was first identified in 1881. For example, some have tried to associate the ... | to account for more of |
the variance in outcome because the environmental risk factors have been minimized. As environment plays a large role in learning and memory, it is likely that epigenetic modifications play an important role in reading ability. Measures of gene expression, histone modifications, and methylation in the human periphery a... | disorder"; DSM- 5 uses" specific"). |
Dyslexia is not a problem with intelligence. Emotional problems often arise secondary to learning difficulties. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke describes dyslexia as" difficulty with phonological processing( the manipulation of sounds), spelling, and/ or rapid visual- verbal responding". The... | tailored fonts( such as Dyslexie |
and OpenDyslexic) help with reading. Children with dyslexia read text set in a regular font such as Times New Roman and Arial just as quickly, and they show a preference for regular fonts over specially- tailored fonts. Some research has pointed to increased letter- spacing being beneficial. There is currently no evide... | the UK have significant reading |
difficulties, very few have ever been evaluated for dyslexia. Access to some special educational resources and funding is contingent upon having a diagnosis of dyslexia. As a result, when Staffordshire and Warwickshire proposed in 2018 to teach reading to all children with reading difficulties, using techniques proven ... | the former Saint- Agatha convent( |
subsequently called the Prinsenhof). At the time he was the leader of growing national Dutch resistance against Spanish occupation, known as the Eighty Years' War. By then Delft was one of the leading cities of Holland and it was equipped with the necessary city walls to serve as a headquarters. In October 1573, an att... | home port of the Dutch |
East India Company. It can still be seen at the pottery factories De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles( or Royal Delft) and De Delftse Pauw, while new ceramics and ceramic art can be found at the Gallery Terra Delft. The painter Johannes Vermeer( 1632– 1675) was born in Delft. Vermeer used Delft streets and home interiors as... | consensus is that the Duesberg |
hypothesis is incorrect and that HIV is the cause of AIDS. The most prominent supporters of this hypothesis are Duesberg himself, biochemist vitamin proponent David Rasnick, and journalist Celia Farber. The scientific community contends that Duesberg' s arguments are the result of cherry- picking predominantly outdated... | who were HIV- infected, but |
remained stable in the HIV- negative patients, despite similar rates of risk behavior. The authors concluded that" the risk- AIDS hypothesis... is clearly rejected by our data," and that" the evidence supports the hypothesis that HIV-1hasanintegralroleintheCD4 depletion and progressive immune dysfunction that character... | Africa than in Western countries, |
while PCP conforms to the opposite pattern. Tuberculosis, though, had higher prevalence in Africa than in the West before the spread of HIV. In Africa and the United States, HIV has spurred a similar percentage increase in tuberculosis cases. PCP may be underestimated in Africa: since machinery" required for accurate t... | blood correlates with disease progression, |
that a plausible mechanism for HIV' s action has been proposed, and that anti- HIV medication decreases mortality and opportunistic infection in people with AIDS. In issue of" Science"( Vol. 266, No. 5191), Duesberg' s methods and claims were evaluated in a group of articles. The authors concluded thatEffectiveness of ... | extinct groups developed skeletal modifications |
such as bony armor and spines. While the dinosaurs' modern- day surviving avian lineage( birds) are generally small due to the constraints of flight, many prehistoric dinosaurs( non- avian and avian) were large- bodied— the largest sauropod dinosaurs are estimated to have reached lengths of and heights of and were the ... | of" Triceratops horridus"," Passer domesticus" |
and" Diplodocus carnegii", and all of its descendants, to ensure that sauropods and kin remain included as dinosaurs. General description. Using one of the above definitions, dinosaurs can be generally described as archosaurs with hind limbs held erect beneath the body. Other prehistoric animals, including pterosaurs, ... | group. A detailed assessment of |
archosaur interrelations by Sterling Nesbitt confirmed or found the following twelve unambiguous synapomorphies, some previously known: Nesbitt found a number of further potential synapomorphies and discounted a number of synapomorphies previously suggested. Some of these are also present in silesaurids, which Nesbitt ... | believed to be the remains |
of giants and other biblical creatures. Early dinosaur research.Scholarlydescriptionsofwhatwouldnowberecognizedasdinosaurbonesfirstappearedinthelate17th century in England. Part of a bone, now known to have been the femur of a" Megalosaurus", was recovered from a limestone quarry at Cornwell near Chipping Norton, Oxfor... | interests in dinosaurs in the |
United States, known as dinosaur mania. Dinosaur mania was exemplified by the fierce rivalry between Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel Charles Marsh, both of whom raced to be the first to find new dinosaurs in what came to be known as the Bone Wars. This fight between the two scientists lasted for over 30 years, ending i... | their results by finding similar |
soft tissue in a duck- billed dinosaur," Brachylophosaurus canadensis", found in the Judith River Formation of Montana. This included even more detailed tissue, down to preserved bone cells that seem to have visible remnants of nuclei and what seem to be red blood cells. Among other materials found in the bone was coll... | other groups of early archosaurs, |
like aetosaurs, ornithosuchids, phytosaurs, and rauisuchians. Rhynchosaurs and dicynodonts survived( at least in some areas) at least as late as early– mid Norian and late Norian or earliest Rhaetian stages, respectively, and the exact date of their extinction is uncertain. These losses left behind a land fauna of croc... | in hadrosaurids. Some sauropods also |
evolved tooth batteries, best exemplified by the rebbachisaurid" Nigersaurus". There were three general dinosaur faunas in the Late Cretaceous. In the northern continents of North America and Asia, the major theropods were tyrannosaurids and various types of smaller maniraptoran theropods, with a predominantly ornithis... | a bird" and" ischion"( ἰσχίον) |
meaning" hip joint"— had a pelvis that superficially resembled a bird' s pelvis: the pubic bone was oriented caudally( rear- pointing). Unlike birds, the ornithischian pubis also usually had an additional forward- pointing process. Ornithischia includes a variety of species that were primarily herbivores. Despite the t... | are complete skeletons, and impressions |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.