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41680
Unknown Title
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "prayers and preach" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "sermons were forbidden to hold services. In Huntsville, in 1862, the Rev. Frederick A. Ross, a celebrated Presbyterian clergyman, was arrested by General Rousseau, and sent North for praying a" }, { "from": "h...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "services--that is, to preach and pray for the success of the Federal government. It was especially easy to annoy the Episcopal clergy, on account of the formal prayer used, but other denominations also suffered. In one instance, a Methodist minister was told that he must take th...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Go, my sons, and return victorious or fall in the cause of the South, or a similar paraphrase, was often heard. One lady said," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "We confide [to you] this emblem of our zeal for liberty, trusting that it will nerve your hearts and strength...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "was one of the mainstays of the Confederacy. It is said that General Lee called it" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "pine knots furnished all the necessary illumination. Mattresses were stuffed with moss, leaves, and" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No paper could be wasted for envelopes. The sheet was written on except just enough for the address when folded. In other instances wall...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Sunday" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "weddings were the fashion--all parties at the wedding being clad in homespun. Colonel Thomas Dabney dined in Montgomery in November, 1864, with Mr. Woodleaf, a refugee from New Orleans." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "They gave me, he said," }, { "from": "huma...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "The young mistresses would adorn the bride, and the ceremony would be performed by the old white clergyman, after which the wedding supper would be served in the family dining room or out under the trees. These were great occasions for the negroes and for the young people of the...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Grove Hill Military Aid Society and the" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Suggsville Soldiers' Aid Society, both of Clarke County; the" }, { "from": "human", "value": "Aid Society of Mobile ; the" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Montgomery Home Soc...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "A niece of James Madison" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Farewell to Brother Jonathan," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "We Conquer or We Die; then" }, { "from": "human", "value": "Riding a Raid," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stonewall Jackson's Way," }, { "from": "human", "value": "All Qu...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "boards of directors were appointed or the" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "ones made" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Major Perry, as his followers called him, went on a private raid through the country to get a part of anything that might be left. He was one of the many who thought that they deserved some share of the spoils and who were afraid that the time of their harvest would be short. So...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "and appealed to the military authorities for protection from" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "persecution, though the officials of the Johnson government in Alabama were never charged by any one else with an excess of zeal in the Confederate cause. The Federal official...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "colored preachers and the missionaries. The old plantation preachers, to their credit be it remembered, frowned upon this religious frenzy. The people living near the places of meetings complained of the disappearance of poultry and pigs, fruit and vegetables after the late sess...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "or" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "raiding their neighbors and _vice versa_; and the bitter state of feeling prevented neighbor from relieving neighbor. But the" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Unionists, who were sure that their turn had come, wanted the destitute cared for, even if some were fed" } ...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "complained that the Confederate foragers had discriminated against them, which, while very likely true, was more than offset by the depredations of the tories and Federals on the Confederate sympathizers. All accounts agree that the Confederate sympathizers were in the worse con...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "as the poor whites were called who had but little and lost all by the war, lived in a different part of the country,--in the mountains and in the pine woods,--beyond the reach of work or help, clinging to the old home places in utter hopeless desolation. For the negro, Swayne th...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "; (2) the act of March 12, 1863, which authorized Treasury agents to collect and sell" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "property,--but a" }, { "from": "human", "value": "owner might within two years after the close of the war prove his claim, and" }, { ...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "property or anything seized by the army and navy; (2)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "property, the owner being in the Confederate service, no matter whether his family were present or not; (3)" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "owners or to those who had taken the amnesty oath.[743] In no case had a person who could not prove his or her" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "any remedy against seizure of property. Until the surrender the people of north Alabama were despoiled of all property that c...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "owners never received restoration of their property seized by the army, and by the Treasury agents during and after the war, but claim agents and perjurers have pursued a thriving business in proving" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "claims against the Treasury." }, ...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "I am sure I sent some honest cotton agents South; but it sometimes seems very doubtful whether any of them remained honest very long. [752] It was said that Secretary Chase had foreseen the trouble that would result if the cotton were confiscated, and had proposed to leave all c...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "or" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "it, often two or three times, about one-fifth at a time; in this way a bale weighing 500 pounds would be reduced to 200 or 300 pounds; even after the private cotton arrived at Mobile or New Orleans, paying" }, { "from": "huma...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "of his agents, the owner would get only the small sum paid in for inferior cotton, and even this was reduced by excessive charges and fees.[765] There was also complaint that when a lot of private cotton was seized and traced to Draper, the latter would inform the owners that on...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "with Dustin. But one night a train of army wagons, guarded by soldiers, came and carried off 26 bales, and the next day, 70 bales. (They had asked the manager" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Union and northern men who were able to obtain an order for the release of the cotton. There was of course no way to tell what cotton was seized, and 240 bales of" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Abandoned cotton netted to the Treasury $2,682,271.69. After June 30, according to Treasury records, 33,638 bales (worth $7,650,675.93, but netting only $4,886,671) were illegally seized. It is this money which is still held because the former owners once subscribed to the Confe...
41680
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Unknown Author
[ { "from": "human", "value": "owners had until two years after the war to file claims, and by February, 1888, $9,864,300.75 had been paid out to satisfy these people. Since 1888, $520,700.18 has been paid out. Under the act of May 18, 1872, providing for return of proceeds of cotton seized illegally after Ju...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "--a proof of a" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Condition of Affairs in the South" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "I am satisfied that the thinking men of the South accept the present condition of affairs in good faith. The questions that have heretofore divided the sentiment of the people of the two sections, slavery and state rights, or the right of a state to secede from the Union, they r...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "[814] but who told the committee that during the war he had been a" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "man. A witness from Ohio claimed to be a citizen of Alabama.[815] Another witness was a cotton speculator from Massachusetts, and still another, a land office man from t...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "and dishonorable to have been a" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Slavery and the right of secession are settled forever. The people will stand by it. Rev. Thomas O. Summers, who lived in the heart of the Black Belt, said," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "I have not found a planter who does not think the abolition of slavery a great ...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "people there was much talk of the" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "of" }, { "from": "human", "value": "Loyalists" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "or tory party, consisting of a few thousand persons who had now returned from the North or had crept ...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "men or" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There were: (1) Those who had taken the side of the United States in the war. These numbered two or three thousand and they were" }, { "from": "human", "value": "as they were called. (2) Those who had escaped service ...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Parson William G. Brownlow of Tennessee, it is said, brought the matter of the Wilmer pastoral letters to the attention of General George H. Thomas, who commanded the Military Division of the Tennessee, to which belonged the Department of Alabama. Thomas, like Wilmer, was a Virg...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Now the church in this country has established a form of prayer for the President and all in civil authority. The language of the prayer was selected with careful reference to the subject of the prayer--all in civil authority--and she desires for that authority prosperity and lo...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "and" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Constitution as it was" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "who were few in number, should not have the power formerly possessed by all. The whole South was a" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "" }, { "from": "human", "value": "upon which Congress might write the laws.[864] The existence of slavery was declared to be ...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "[868] Every inch of the soil of the southern states should be held for the costs of the war, to pay damages to the" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "citizens and pensions to soldiers and their families, and slavery should be abolished.[869] Secession, according to Steve...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "We hold more territory than a year ago, more of Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas, Georgia is overrun but is ready to rise. Our financial condition is better than four years ago. Arms, commissary and quartermaster's stores are more abundant now." } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Reconstruction or" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Union party was organized in Alabama, which, at the time of the surrender, had a majority in the lower house of the legislature.[875] But the Senate, elected in 1861, held over and prevented any action by the House. Du...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Thomas invited the people of the other northern counties to do likewise and thus show that they were" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Colonel Patterson of the Fifth Alabama Cavalry accepted the terms for his forces, and Giers stated that Roddy's men were so pleased wit...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "The bad effect the crime would have on political matters was deplored. The desire was expressed that all guilty of participation in the attempt might be brought to speedy and condign punishment, and" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The majority reported a memorial to t...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "element held a meeting in north Alabama about the first of June.[895] Resolutions were introduced by K. B. Seawell to the effect that the government of Alabama had been illegally set aside in 1861 by a combination of persons regardless of the best interests of the state, that se...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "The American people must be made to understand the nature of the crime, the length, the breadth, the depth, and height of treason. For the thousands who were driven into the infernal rebellion there should be amnesty, conciliation, clemency, and mercy. For the leaders, justice--...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "I ________________ do solemnly swear (or affirm) in the presence of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully support, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and the Union of the states thereunder; and that I will, in like manner, abide by and faithfull...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "[916] persons of the district or state where they were to serve. If no" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "; they hate the" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "whom they accuse of bringing on the war and who, they are afraid, would get into power again; they are the" }, { "from": "human", "value": "poor white element of low character, shiftless, with no ambition.[91...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "and deadheads. They were not much liked by any party unless perhaps by the few who put them in office. The _Huntsville Advocate_ may have been voicing the objections of either" }, { "from": "human", "value": "or" }, { ...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Proscribing Proscription" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "was greatly disliked by those who would profit by disfranchisement. If it were continued, they saw there would be no spoils for them. One of the aggrieved parties related a case which might well have been his ow...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "RESTORATION" } ]
41680
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Unknown Author
[ { "from": "human", "value": "men, a few" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "who, however, made no factious opposition, and a large majority of conservative men. The votes on test questions showed a wide difference between the extremists from north Alabama and the other members. The proportion was abo...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "; another wanted it declared" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "; another," }, { "from": "human", "value": "; others," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": ";" }, { "from": "human", "value": "; or" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "proposed an ordinance to make all" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "A White Man's Government" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a white man's government and a white man's state. We are opposed to any changes in the convention except such as are necessary to get the state into the Union again. [956] Mr. Patton explained that the p...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Federal number," } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "RESTORATION" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "and the militia organizations disbanded. Two classes of the population were now beyond the reach of the civil government, the" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "had no candidate. The few prominent men of that faction saw that it would be political suicide for them to commit themselves to the Johnson plan after he had begun the pardoning process, and were now working to overthrow the present political institutions. Only in case the plan ...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "state government. The object in the delay was the desire of the President to have the Thirteenth Amendment ratified before he relinquished the state government. It was a queer mixture of a government--an elected constitutional legislature and a governor and state administration ...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "That they would disregard and scorn their present constitutions forced upon them in the midst of martial law, would be most natural and just. No one who has any regard for freedom of elections can look upon these governments, forced upon them in duress, with any favor. [995] Jus...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Slave Code or" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Black Code" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "men, or" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "according to locality, who were under arrest for crimes committed during the war. Most of the crimes were not serious or were committed under the abnormal conditions of war. The governor, after consultation with General Swayne,"...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Once being assured of their liberty to go and come at will, they generally returned to the service of the southerner." } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "When I took off my sword in surrender, I determined to observe the terms of that surrender with the same earnestness and fidelity with which I first shouldered my musket. We may cherish the glorious memories of that past, in the history of which there is nothing of which we need...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Reporting this action to Chief Justice Chase, Swayne added:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This I am told is popular, and the member is sustained by his constituents." } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Union men were intensely bitter against the secessionists or" } ]
41680
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Unknown Author
[ { "from": "human", "value": "work; asserting that the results of the late contest were conclusive, and that there was no desire to renew discussion on settled questions; denouncing the misrepresentations and criminal assaults on the character and interest of the southern people; declaring that it was a misf...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Civil Rights Bill [1041] negroes could ride on the cars set apart for the whites. Horton, the Radical military mayor of Mobile, banished to New Orleans an idiotic negro boy who had been hired to follow him and torment him by offensive questions. Horton was indicted under the" ...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "It is one thing to be oppressed, wronged, and outraged by overwhelming force. It is quite another to submit to voluntary abasement by adopting the Fourteenth Amendment. It should be rejected, he said, because it would disfranchise the very best of the respectable whites, the bel...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Look the situation squarely in the face, he said; only 2000 or 3000 men (himself included) would be deprived of office, and to oppose Congress was to ruin the state, to territorialize it. There were men in Washington, he said, who were already working in order to be made provisi...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Conservative or" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Democratic and Conservative. It was composed of former Democrats, Whigs, Know-nothings, Anti-Know-nothings, Bell and Everett men,--nearly all of the respectable voting people. These allied with the" }, { "from": ...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Southern outrages now began afresh. The Radical press and Radical politicians began to manufacture tales of outrage and cruelty on the part of the southern whites against negroes. There had been all along a disposition to look for" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "in th...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "National Union" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Union" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Southern Unionists was held in Washington, in July, 1866, which issued an address to the" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "of the South, declaring that the reconstruction of the southern state governments must be based on constitutional principles, and the present despo...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Unconditional Union Mass-meeting was held at Moulton, in Lawrence County. Eleven of the counties of north Alabama were represented, the hill and mountain people predominating. Nicholas Davis, who presided, said that none but" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "men must co...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Union convention was held in Huntsville, March 4, 1867. Seventeen north Alabama counties were represented by much the same crowd that attended the Moulton convention.[1075] General Swayne was there, carried along by the current, and, it was said, hoping for high office under the...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "The oath was to be signed in triplicate, one copy for the Department of State, one for military headquarters, and one for the party taking the oath. Regulations were prescribed for making special applications for pardon by those excepted under the Amnesty Proclamation. There wer...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "I do not interfere with civil affairs at all unless called upon by the governor of the state to assist the civil authorities." } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "which they usually did. The civil authorities were forbidden to arrest, try, and imprison discharged soldiers of the United States army for acts committed while in service.[1110] A similar order withdrew all" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Johnson state governments. It will be seen from the scope of the orders that the local military officials had the power of constant interference with the civil government. A large part of the population was withdrawn from the jurisdiction of the civil administration. The officia...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Benzine" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Department of Negro Affairs was established extra-legally, and continued until the passage of the Freedmen's Bureau Act in 1865. The" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Department" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Freedmen's Home Colony under a" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Superintendent of Freedmen," } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Union man. Swayne was to deliver the commission he wished. He went to Mobile and decided to try Forsyth, who at that time was down the bay at a pleasure resort. Swayne went after him in a tug, and met a tug with Forsyth on board coming up the bay. He hailed it and asked it to st...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Loyal" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Superintendent of Freedmen and, if fair and honest, would be approved and registered. A register of unemployed persons was to be kept at the Freedmen's Bureau, and any person by applying there could obtain laborers of both sexes at the following rates: first class, $10 per month...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "as the negro called the Bureau and its agents." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The phrase flashed like lightning through the region of the late Confederacy that at Freedmen's Bureau agencies 'the bottom rail was on top.' The conditions which this expression implied ex...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Loyal Leagues." } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "There is no doubt that the" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "idea was partly caused by the distribution among the negroes of the lands on the south Atlantic coast by General Sherman and others, and by the provisions of the early Bureau acts." }, { "from": "human...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Know all men by these presents, that a naught is a naught, and a figure is a figure; all for the white man, and none for the nigure. And whereas Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so also have I lifted this d--d old nigger out of four dollars and six bits. Amen. Sela...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "dinners and feasts, and the eternal friendship of the officers, with few exceptions, was won. The exceptions were those who had political ambitions. The population, being composed largely of negroes, was under the control of the" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "which h...
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Martyr" } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "I consider the Freedmen's Savings and Trust Company to be greatly needed by the colored people and have welcomed it as an auxiliary to the Freedmen's Bureau." } ]
41680
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[ { "from": "human", "value": "and" } ]