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Given a pair of words, deduce the type of relationship between them. The various types of relations are: 'Entails, HasProperty, Synonym, Antonym, HasA, MemberOf, PartOf, MadeOf, IsA'. Let's denote the first word by X and the second word by Y. An 'IsA' relation holds when 'X is a kind of Y'. An 'Antonym' relation holds when 'X can be used as the opposite of Y'. A 'Synonym' relation applies when 'X can be used in place of Y, without changing the meaning'. A 'PartOf' relation holds when 'X is a part of Y'. A 'MemberOf' relation holds when 'X is a member of Y'. A 'MadeOf' relation holds when 'X is made of Y'. An 'Entailment' relation holds when 'If X is true, then Y is true as well'. A 'HasA' relation holds when 'X can have or contain Y'. A 'HasProperty' relation holds when 'Y is to specify X'. Q: X: anger, Y: feel A:
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TASK DEFINITION: You are given a concatenated string consisting of two parts that are separated by a newline character. The first part is the user's initial question during a human computer conversation, the second part is a clarifying question asked by the computer in response to the question asked by the user. You should read the input, then generate a valid prediction of the user's response to the computer's clarifying question. A valid prediction will clarify the user's correct intent in the initial question. PROBLEM: User: What campuses are part of the University of North Carolina? Computer: which area of study are you looking for at unc SOLUTION: i am looking for the hospital location PROBLEM: User: How does a septic system work? Computer: are you interested in an advanced treatment above ground design SOLUTION: no im interested in septic system design alternatives PROBLEM: User: Find information about VLDL or very-low-density lipoprotein, a type of cholesterol. Computer: vldl and ldl are both considered types of bad cholesterol SOLUTION:
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In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name). One example: I declare resumed the session of the European Parliament adjourned on Friday 17 December 1999, and I would like once again to wish you a happy new year in the hope that you enjoyed a pleasant festive period. Solution is here: Declaro reanudado el período de sesiones del Parlamento Europeo, interrumpido el viernes 17 de diciembre pasado, y reitero a Sus Señorías mi deseo de que hayan tenido unas buenas vacaciones. Explanation: This English sentence is properly translated into Spanish because the Spanish sentence also talks about resuming the session from the European parliament which was adjourned and wishing a happy new year. Now, solve this: Would it not be beneficial, in the short term, following the Rotterdam model, to inspect according to a points system in which, for example, account is taken of the ship' s age, whether it is single or double-hulled or whether it sails under a flag of convenience. Solution:
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Read the given text and if it has abusive content then indicate via "yes". Otherwise indicate via"no". We consider the content to be abusive if it contains any of the following instances: (1) Identity Directed Abuse (e.g., Content which contains a negative statement made against an identity. An identity is a social category that relates to a fundamental aspect of individuals community, socio-demographics, position or self-representation) (2) Affiliation Directed Abuse (e.g., Content which express negativity against an affiliation. We define affiliation as a (more or less) voluntary association with a collective. Affiliations include but are not limited to: memberships (e.g. Trade unions), party memberships (e.g. Republicans), political affiliations (e.g. Right-wing people) and occupations (e.g. Doctors).) (3) Person Directed Abuse (e.g., Content which directs negativity against an identifiable person, who is either part of the conversation thread or is named. Person-directed abuse includes serious character based attacks, such as accusing the person of lying, as well as aggression, insults and menacing language.) and (4) Counter Speech (e.g., Content which challenges, condemns or calls out the abusive language of others.). Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link]. -------- Question: I'm pretty sure that a person can be stupid no matter what gender or color they are Answer: no Question: That's what racists say about India's space programme or anything progressive we do. The above action doesn't even cost anything or take away time or money from other actions. Why is it so burning for you? Answer: no Question: Even playing the game and reading some of it online I'm still absolutely lost. Answer:
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. In this task your given two statements in Estonian. You must judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instances as "cause" or "effect" based on your judgment. The sentences are separated by a newline character. Ma tõmbasin kummipaela. See venis. Output:
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Write a fact related to the given fact, based on the given topic word. Note that, your fact should have at least one word in common with the given fact. All facts in this task refer to scientific facts. Your related fact must form a chain with the given fact. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce the third fact. An example of a chain is: "pesticides cause pollution" (given fact) + "pollution can harm animals" (related fact) → "pesticides can harm animals" (connected chain). Avoid creating simple paraphrases of the given fact. While your generated fact should be related to the input fact, they must describe slightly different scientific phenomena. It's okay if your related fact includes some irrelevant information, provided that it has some overlap with the given fact and it contains some words corresponding to the provided topic. Input: Consider Input: Fact: Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. Topic: prokaryotes. Output: Prokaryotes All bacteria are prokaryotes. Input: Consider Input: Fact: darkness has a negative impact on photosynthesis. Topic: photosynthesis plants. Output: Plant growth is dependent on photosynthesis. Input: Consider Input: Fact: hiding can be used for avoiding predators. Topic: predators often kill prey.
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You are given a sentence in Polish. Your job is to translate the Polish sentence into Italian. Pozwala zrozumieć wiele elementów świata nauki.
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In this task, you're given a question, along with a context passage. The passage will not have a direct answer to the question, but can include some information and a clue for the answer. Assuming you can only obtain information about one entity in the passage, your job is to determine whether information from the passage can be used to answer the question. Indicate your choice as `a` for Yes or `b` for No. -------- Question: Question: Did Eric Ashton win his first game against New Zealand? Passage:In 1954, Ashton was spotted playing rugby union during his national service in the Royal Artillery and was subsequently invited for a trial with Wigan. He attended the trial and was seen by the directors of the club as being a player with exceptional talent, after Wigan offered him a spot in their top level side he offered his home town club St. Helens the chance to sign him but they passed and he then signed for Wigan in 1955 for £150. He made his first representative later that year, appearing for Lancashire against New Zealand. He represented Rest of the World in the 11-20 defeat by Australia at Sydney Cricket Ground on 29 June 1957, and represented Great Britain & France in the 37-31 victory over New Zealand at Carlaw Park, Auckland on 3 July 1957. After signing for Wigan he quickly linked up with Welsh Billy Boston, and formed one of the most devastating right-hand side threequarters partnerships of modern times. Ashton played right-, i.e. number 3, in the 8-13 defeat by Oldham in the 1956–57 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1957–58 season at Station Road, Swinton on Saturday 19 October 1957. He played and was captain in the 13–9 victory over Workington Town in the 1957–58 Challenge Cup Final during the 1957–58 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 10 May 1958, in front of a crowd of 66,109, such was the impact of both Ashton and Boston it led to Ashton being promoted as captain of the Wigan side after just two years at the club at the age of 22. It was a position he would go on to hold for the next twelve years. He made his international début at the age of 22 for the Great Britain side against France in 1957. He would go on to collect a total of 26 caps for the Great Britain side with his first Southern Hemisphere tour coming in 1957 as the British side competed in the World Cup. He was a true professional in every sense, being sent off just twice in his whole career and due to his professionalism, talent and intelligence he would go on to achieve a long and distinguished footballing career. Ashton's honours and achievements are nothing short of impressive, with 3 victorious Wembley Stadium Challenge Cup finals (out of a possible six), a Championship in 1960, a Lancashire Challenge Cup and two Lancashire League Championships as well as a BBC Floodlit trophy. He played , and was captain in Wigan's 30-13 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1958–59 Challenge Cup Final during the 1958–59 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 9 May 1959, in front of a crowd of 79,811. Answer: a Question: Question: How much more money did Dangal gross when released compared to Bank Chor? Passage:Maxima is named after Russian novelist Maxim Gorky. She belongs to a Bengali-speaking Basu family residing in Delhi. She made her debut with Slumdog Millionaire (2009), in which she designed costumes and assisted Danny Boyle, who earned Academy Award for Best Director for the film. Later, she switched to designing costumes with 2013 blockbuster Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela. Director Sanjay Leela Bhansali gave her the chance. He later repeated her for his next venture Bajirao Mastani. She was applauded nationally. Sanjay, Priyanka Chopra, Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh was all in praise for her dresses on their characters. She earned Filmfare Award for Best Costume Design in 2016 for the film. In 2017, she worked in two films : Bank Chor and Dangal, the latter being the highest grossing Indian film of all time. In 2017, popular designers Manoshi Nath and Rushi Sharma were scheduled to design dresses for Dangal, the highest grossing Indian film of all time. But co-producer Aamir Khan replaced them with her, giving the reason that they charged too much money for the film's budget. The film earned her second Filmfare Nomination. Answer: a Question: Question: Which rolling stock did the Turboliner replace? Passage:Following its takeover of most passenger rail service in the United States on May 1, 1971, Amtrak retained the Abraham Lincoln as a daily Chicago-St. Louis service, operating in tandem with the GM&O's old Limited. In November of that year Amtrak extended both the Abraham Lincoln and the Limited (now known as the Prairie State) through Chicago to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In October 1973, Amtrak replaced the rolling stock with the new French-built Turboliner; as part of this change the trains were re-branded as Turboliners and truncated to Chicago. In February 1976 Amtrak returned conventional rolling stock to the route and revived the Abraham Lincoln name along with the Ann Rutledge. Amtrak added the State House to the Chicago-St. Louis corridor in 1977. Also in 1977, Amtrak extended the Abraham Lincoln to Kansas City and renamed it the Ann Rutledge–a name that had briefly disappeared from the timetable in 1976-77 when Amtrak extended the Inter-American to Chicago. Today service between Chicago and St. Louis is handled by the "Lincoln Service". Answer:
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The given sentence contains a typo which could be one of the following four types: (1) swapped letters of a word e.g. 'niec' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (2) missing letter in a word e.g. 'nic' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (3) extra letter in a word e.g. 'nicce' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (4) replaced letter in a word e.g 'nicr' is a typo of the word 'nice'. You need to identify the typo in the given sentence. To do this, answer with the word containing the typo. Q: A ciy bus driving down the city street A:
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Definition: In this task you are given a statement and an explanation giving you further knowledge about an entity in the statement. You must judge whether the statement is true or false based on the explanation. Label an instance as "True" if the explanation confirms the statement or doesn't disprove it. Label an instance as "False" if the explanation disproves the statement. The statement and explanation are separated by a newline character. Input: Hounds track rabbits and deer and even humans by their scent. Hounds are a type of hunting dog with a keen sense of smell Output:
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task. In this task, you are given a sentence in the Bulgarian language and corresponding English translation of this sentence. Here, your job is to generate label "yes" if translation is right, otherwise generate label "no". Bulgarian: Състав на Парламента: вж. протоколи, English: Membership of Parliament: see Minutes Solution: yes Why? Given translation of bulgarian in english is right. Hence, label is 'yes'. New input: Bulgarian: от името на групата IND/DEM. - (NL) Гжо Председател, разискването за устойчивото използване на продукти за растителна защита и допускането им на пазара е изключително сложно., English: on behalf of the IND/DEM Group. - (NL) Madam President, the debate about the sustainable use of plant protection products and their admission on the market is a particularly complex one. Solution:
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You are given a sentence in Japanese. Your job is to translate the Japanese sentence into Polish. One example is below. Q: 全て肋骨の間から行うのです A: Wszystko jest robione pomiędzy żebrami. Rationale: The Japanese sentence is correctly translated into Polish, because the meaning is preserved. Q: 同じように私は美術と数学が得意でしたでが父は「ジョンは数学が得意だ」と言っていました A:
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In this task, you are given dvd product reviews in Japanese language. The goal is to classify the review as "POS" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEG" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative. One example is below. Q: 1~2話ではまってしまうことでしょう。 . 青の6号のキャラクターデザインが好きな人はすぐにはまってしまう作品だと思います。その他の人でも一度観たらはまってしまうと思います。1~2話しか収録されていないのが実に残念ですが、話の内容や世界観はすぐにつかめると思います。ヴァンシップなどのメカニックデザインも実によくできています。フンパツして初回を手にいれましょう。ちなみに私はアレックス・ロウが今のところ一番気に入っているキャラクターです。 A: POS Rationale: The overall sentiment of the review is positive as the reviewer refers to the dvd with positive expressions, such as '1~2話ではまってしまうことでしょう。', 'よくできています' etc. Hence, the label is 'POS'. Q: 売り切れ前に買うべき。 . 新ブログの女王としてマルチタレント的な活躍をしてますが グラビアアイドルとしての魅力十二分です。 まだ17歳だった頃のしょこ☆たんを保存版としてDVD購入しといた方が いいでしょう。その価値ありまんた。 A:
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Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a question about part-of-speech tag of a word in the question. You should write the required POS tag answering the question. Here is the Alphabetical list of part-of-speech tags used in this task: CC: Coordinating conjunction, CD: Cardinal number, DT: Determiner, EX: Existential there, FW: Foreign word, IN: Preposition or subordinating conjunction, JJ: Adjective, JJR: Adjective, comparative, JJS: Adjective, superlative, LS: List item marker, MD: Modal, NN: Noun, singular or mass, NNS: Noun, plural, NNP: Proper noun, singular, NNPS: Proper noun, plural, PDT: Predeterminer, POS: Possessive ending, PRP: Personal pronoun, PRP$: Possessive pronoun, RB: Adverb, RBR: Adverb, comparative, RBS: Adverb, superlative, RP: Particle, SYM: Symbol, TO: to, UH: Interjection, VB: Verb, base form, VBD: Verb, past tense, VBG: Verb, gerund or present participle, VBN: Verb, past participle, VBP: Verb, non-3rd person singular present, VBZ: Verb, 3rd person singular present, WDT: Wh-determiner, WP: Wh-pronoun, WP$: Possessive wh-pronoun, WRB: Wh-adverb Input: What is the part-of-speech tag of the word "in" in the following question: Which american president is buried in a city that had a population of 4,721 individuals in the 2010 census ? Output:
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In this task, you need to reverse all words of a given length in the sentence. The number of letters in a word determine its length. For example, the length of the word "apple" is 5. [EX Q]: Sentence: 'a dog lays next to a bag on a couch'. Reverse all words of length '4' in the given sentence. [EX A]: a dog syal txen to a bag on a couch [EX Q]: Sentence: 'a skateboarder doing a trick on a ramp'. Reverse all words of length '2' in the given sentence. [EX A]: a skateboarder doing a trick no a ramp [EX Q]: Sentence: 'two birds standing on a branch eating fruit'. Reverse all words of length '2' in the given sentence. [EX A]:
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The provided files include famous book titles and sentences in the English language, and we ask you to translate those to the Catalan Language. Please bear in mind the following guidelines while doing the translation: 1) We are looking for the most naturally written and form of each sentence in the Catalan language. 2) Also names, dates and places should be preserved it should not get translated. -------- Question: No; whatever it might once have been, she could not believe it such at present. Answer: No; sin importar lo que alguna vez pudo haber sido, no podía creer tal cosa en la actualidad. Question: "Perhaps," continued Elinor, "if I should happen to cut out, I may be of some use to Miss Lucy Steele, in rolling her papers for her; and there is so much still to be done to the basket, that it must be impossible I think for her labour singly, to finish it this evening. Answer: -Quizá -continuó Elinor-, si yo me saliera del juego, podría ser de alguna utilidad a la señorita Lucy, enrollando los papeles para ella; y queda todavía tanto por hacer con la canastilla que, según creo, va a ser imposible que con su solo trabajo pueda terminarla esta noche. Question: I am monstrous glad of it, for then I shall have her for a neighbour you know." Answer:
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Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a statement and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine the neutral choice based on your inference from the statement and your commonsense knowledge. The neutral choice is a sentence that neither agrees nor disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3', corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence. If sentence X agrees with sentence Y, one's correctness follows from the other one. If sentence X disagrees with sentence Y, they can not be correct at the same time. See one example below: Problem: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat. Solution: 1 Explanation: The candy may or may not be popular and the first choice is correct. Based on the statement, candy doesn't melt and there's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. So the second choice agrees with the statement and the third choice disagrees with the statement. Problem: Statement: Remember that, and forget the ties to any other world, since that world no longer holds you." Dave nodded slowly. Choices: 1. Focus only on this world here and now. 2. Recall all the other worlds you know, since they still hold you. 3. Keep that in mind, and forget about the other worlds. Solution:
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Detailed Instructions: A text is given in Bengali. Translate it from the Bengali language to the Malayalam language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence. Q: ബര്‍കിന ഫാസോ, കാമറൂണ്‍, കേപ് വെര്‍ദെ, ചാദ്, കോംഗോ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്, ജിബോട്ടി, ഇക്വറ്റോറിയല്‍ ഗിനിയ, എരിത്രിയ, ഗിനിയ, ഗിനിയ ബിസ്സോ, ലൈബീരിയ, മൗറീഷ്യാന, റുവാണ്ട, സാവോ തോം ആന്‍ഡ് പ്രിന്‍സിപി, സിയറ ലിയോണ്‍, സോമാലിയ, സ്വാസിലാന്‍ഡ്, ടോഗോ എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലായി 2018-2021 കാലയളവില്‍ 18 ദൗത്യങ്ങള്‍ ആരംഭിക്കുന്നതോടെ ആഫ്രിക്കയിലുള്ള റസിഡന്റ് ഇന്ത്യന്‍ ദൗത്യങ്ങളുടെ എണ്ണം 29ല്‍നിന്ന് 47 ആയി ഉയരും. A:
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Categorize the comment on the basis of threat. If the comment is threatening output Yes, otherwise output No. One example is below. Q: Baloney. You are going to see real action against Herr Trump and his white supremacist agenda. A: Yes Rationale: The comment suggests threat against Trump and his agendas and classified as threatening. Hence, it is a positive example Q: Totally agree. In what little I heard of his talk on video, he just talked about himself and how great he is. It's like he commissioned a study to see what the 3 most hot-button issues are that will bring people to the poles and focuses on them. He lacks even the tiniest bit of sincerity or humility. His "I love women" and "I love Hispanics" couldn't be more insincere and shallow, nor could his ideas on running the country. A:
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task your given a passage and a question in Catalan, you must answer the question based on the passage. The answer to the question can be extracted directly from the passage. The question will have a single correct answer. The answer will be a continuous span of text from the given passage. The correct answer will be short; it will not be more than a few words. Passage: L'òpera se situa en el context històric de la caiguda de la colònia veneciana de Negroponte en mans dels turcs el 1476. El governador venecià Paolo Erisso intenta que la seva filla Anna es casi amb Calbo, però ella estima a Uberto, a qui havia conegut a Corint. Uberto resulta ser en realitat el sultà Mehmed II. Anna pateix un conflicte entre el deure i l'amor, elegint primer en matrimoni a Calbo que finalment mort per la seva pròpia mà mentre les forces turques ataquen Negroponte. Per la posterior representació a Venècia, Rossini va substituir aquest final per un de feliç, amb una victòria per als soldats venecians.[6] Question: En quin any va caure la colònia veneciana de Negroponte?
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You are given a paragraph, with numbered sentences, and a question. Write the numbers of the sentences needed to answer the given question. Separate multiple sentence numbers with a comma (", "). E.g. "1, 2" would be the correct response if Sent 1 and Sent 2 are needed to answer the given question (do not include sentences that contain no information that is necessary to answer the question). Sort the sentence numbers in an increasing order (i.e., '1, 2', instead of '2, 1'). Your answer should not contain anything than the sentence numbers separated by a comma (e.g. '1, 2, 3, 4'). The given question requires more than one sentence to answer. So, your answer must contain at least one comma (", "). Paragraph- Sent 1: Nathan read the package of words in silence, his only motions the steady progress of his eyes and occasional replacement of pages. Sent 2: Allan sat nervously across from him in a chair Nathan had probably upholstered himself, a patchwork design of fabric containing easily more stuffing than any other furniture item of the period. Sent 3: At long last, Nathan reached the end and set down his reading on the table between them. Sent 4: Allan leaned forward unconsciously. Sent 5: "It's the best story you've ever written."Sent 6: Allan exhaled and leaned back into the chair, his face relaxing in imitation of his thoughts. Sent 7: "So," he asked, "you don't think it's a waste of ink and paper, a futile expedition into morbidity or literary debauchery?"Sent 8: "Heavens, no," said Nathan, aghast. Sent 9: "This is one of the strongest works I've read in ages. Sent 10: It speaks to the deepest storyteller's instinct within us all, yet is entirely original. Sent 11: My dear friend, you have done it. Sent 12: Oh, they may rail against you at first; they may decry you as a heathen or a literary savage; but while those in power say such things, others will read your tales and see their true worth. Sent 13: Believe me when I say that you will be read a century from now."Sent 14: Allan, though dubious as to that possibility, felt some temptation from the compliment; mainly, it granted him the encouragement he still needed. Sent 15: Nathan promised to show the story to a printer he knew and Allan left it with him, then walked home under the spreading maples with a smile lingering on his face. Sent 16: He felt now that perhaps Nathan was right; although the man was somewhat peculiar, he had both an unimpeachable honesty and a certain propensity for insight. Sent 17: Certainly, it was undeniable that the stories had an originality to them. Sent 18: His mind's strangest fruit had ripened at last, and he found the taste less bitter than expected. Sent 19: These thoughts and others like them filled his head as he walked the long road home. Sent 20: It was evening, and the sky burned orange in the west when he neared home at last. Question: Does Nathan like Allan's story?.
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Detailed Instructions: Given a sentence in the Filipino, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is. See one example below: Problem: Natalo ng Italya ang Portugal sa puntos na 31-5 sa Grupong C noong 2007 sa Pandaigdigang laro ng Ragbi sa Parc des Princes, Paris, France. Solution: フランスのパリ、パルク・デ・プランスで行われた2007年ラグビーワールドカップのプールCで、イタリアは31対5でポルトガルを下した。 Explanation: The Filipino sentence is correctly converted into Japanese because the converted sentence holds the message that Italy defeated Portugal 31–5 in Pool C of the 2007 Rugby World Cup at the Parc des Princes in Paris, France. Also, translated sentence preserves the numbers as it is. Problem: Hindi nagtagal si Fernandez ay humingi ng tawad, "Sa pagbasa ko ng kopya ng aking pagharap sa Al-Jazeera, aking napagtanto na ako ay seryosong nagkamali sa aking nasabi sa paggamit ng mga pananalitang 'nagkaroon ng pagmamataas at kahangalan ang U.S. sa Iraq." Solution:
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Instructions: In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False". Input: Paragraph: Viruses serve as infectious agents for all living entities. There have been various research groups that focus on understanding the viruses in terms of their hostviral relationships, pathogenesis and immune evasion. However, with the current advances in the field of science, now the research field has widened up at the 'omics' level. Apparently, generation of viral sequence data has been increasing. There are numerous bioinformatics tools available that not only aid in analysing such sequence data but also aid in deducing useful information that can be exploited in developing preventive and therapeutic measures. This chapter elaborates on bioinformatics tools that are specifically designed for animal viruses as well as other generic tools that can be exploited to study animal viruses. The chapter further provides information on the tools that can be used to study viral epidemiology, phylogenetic analysis, structural modelling of proteins, epitope recognition and open reading frame (ORF) recognition and tools that enable to analyse host-viral interactions, gene prediction in the viral genome, etc. Various databases that organize information on animal and human viruses have also been described. The chapter will converse on overview of the current advances, online and downloadable tools and databases in the field of bioinformatics that will enable the researchers to study animal viruses at gene level. Title: 23 Bioinformatics Applications in Advancing Animal Virus Research Output:
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You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You are also given a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph and the story. You need to come up with an answer to the given question; the answer will be a span from either the question or the story. In order to correctly answer the given question, you need to understand the relationship mentioned in the background paragraph and should be able to use it to understand that in the story. Your answer can not consist of any word that is not mentioned in any of these: the background paragraph, the story, or the question. You can directly copy and paste a span from the story or the question while answering the given question. [EX Q]: Background Paragraph: During late adulthood, the risk of developing diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer continues to rise. Most people also have a decline in strength and stamina. Their senses may start failing, and their reflex time typically increases. Their immune system also doesn’t work as well as it used to. As a result, common diseases like the flu may become more serious and even lead to death. The majority of late adults develop arthritis, and as many as one in four develop Alzheimer’s disease. Story: Mike is a doctor with a local hospital. Today, he is seeing two patients, patient A and patient B. Patient A is in early adulthood, but patient B is in late adulthood. Mike needs to find the differences between the patients to come up with recommendations for them. Question: Which patient would see their stamina diminishing, patient A or patient B? [EX A]: patient B. [EX Q]: Background Paragraph: During the Cold War, the Arctic became a place where the United States, Canada, and the Soviet Union performed significant research that has been essential to the study of climate change in recent years. A major reason why research in the Arctic is essential for the study of climate change is because the effects of climate change will be felt more quickly and more drastically in higher latitudes of the world as above average temperatures are predicted for Northwest Canada and Alaska. From an anthropological point of view, researchers study the native Inuit peoples of Alaska as they have become extremely accustomed to adapting to ecological and climate variability.[1]. Story: Two countries situated at different latitudes are exposed to climate change. Iceland is located closer to the North Pole, while Ecuador is located near the Equator. Question: Which country will feel the effects of climate change more drastically? [EX A]: Iceland. [EX Q]: Background Paragraph: Fish mortality is a parameter used in fisheries population dynamics to account for the loss of fish in a fish stock through death. The mortality can be divided into two types: Natural mortality: the removal of fish from the stock due to causes not associated with fishing. Such causes can include disease, competition, cannibalism, old age, predation, pollution or any other natural factor that causes the death of fish. In fisheries models natural mortality is denoted by (M).[1] Fishing mortality: the removal of fish from the stock due to fishing activities using any fishing gear.[1] It is denoted by (F) in fisheries models. Story: Bob works as a scientist for a large fishing company in Norway. Norway's government has strict regulations on fishing to protect its fish stock. Part of Bob's job is to provide the government with fish mortality data. Today, he has two samples of fish to investigate, sample A and sample B. Bob concluded sample A had natural mortality, but sample B had fishing mortality. Question: For which sample disease would be one of the causes of death, sample A or sample B? [EX A]:
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Q: In this task, you're given a review from Amazon. Your task is to generate a rating for the product on a scale of 1-5 based on the review. The rating means 1: extremely poor, 2: poor, 3: neutral, 4: good, 5: extremely good. So tiny! But I really loved that about these earrings!! But I ended up losing the both of them after a month or two which I was very sad about. The backs constantly fell off, which was it's only downfall. A:
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In this task, you are given a sentence which is either in the Swedish language or English language. You task is to identify the language of input sentence. Input sentence can be in Swedish or English language only and also it cannot have two languages at a time. Example Input: För närvarande har vår grupp fortfarande förbarmande, tålamod med kommissionen eftersom den inte kan ställas till ansvar för många felaktigheter ur det förflutna, men detta tålamod är inte obegränsat. Example Output: Swedish Example Input: Slutligen problemet med att EKSG-fördraget löper ut. Example Output: Swedish Example Input: I will tell you a few things we should do. Example Output:
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A text is given in Oriya. Translate it from the Oriya language to the Tamil language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence. Q: ଆତ୍ମ ନିଯୁକ୍ତି ଉପରେ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରି ପ୍ରଧାନମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ କହିଲେ ଯେ ଏବେ ଆତ୍ମନିଯୁକ୍ତ ହେବା ଏକ ଗର୍ବର ବିଷୟ ଏବଂ ଏହା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଅସମ୍ଭବ ମନେ ହେଉଥିବା ବିଷୟକୁ ଲୋକମାନେ ହାସଲ କରିବାରେ ସହାୟତା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଛି । A:
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Provide the parts-of-speech tag of a word present in a sentence specified within curly braces ( '{{ ... }}' ). The parts-of-speech tags are coarse labels that represent a category of words with similar grammatical properties. The list of part-of-speech tags i.e tagset of this corpus is - '.': Period symbol is used for symbols denoting Punctuations/Separations such as comma, period, backticks etc., 'ADJ': Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes, 'ADP': Adposition is a cover term for prepositions and postpositions, 'ADV': Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner, 'CONJ': A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause, 'DET': Determiners are words that modify nouns or noun phrases and express the reference of the noun phrase in context, 'NOUN': Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea, 'NUM': A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction, 'PRT': Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech, 'PRON': Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context, 'PROPN': A proper noun is a noun (or nominal content word) that is the name (or part of the name) of a specific individual, place, or object, 'VERB': A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause, 'X': The tag X is used for words that for some reason cannot be assigned a real part-of-speech category. Input: Consider Input: Sentence: In a second area of common concern , the world environment , an {{ additional }} $ 15 million *U* *ICH*-1 will be provided *-7 in development assistance 0 *T*-2 to fund a series of initiatives , related both to global warming and the plight of the African elephant . Word: additional Output: ADJ Input: Consider Input: Sentence: On London 's Stock Exchange , Reuters shares rose five pence to 913 pence -LRB- $ 14.43 *U* {{ -RRB- }} . Word: -RRB- Output: . Input: Consider Input: Sentence: `` We are shipping the most corn in that short of time period to one customer on record , '' said *T*-1 William Dunton , a U.S. {{ Agriculture }} Department transportation expert . Word: Agriculture
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. Given a review text from amazon and its polarity (either positive or negative). Generate answer "True" if given sentence and its polarity match, otherwise generate answer "False". A review is considered positive if the reviewer is satisfied with the product. Otherwise, it is considered negative. Review: Loved this book; I have read it, taught 2 classes from it and it has transformed my life and the lives of my students. \I highly recommend this book and Her TAPES to anyone and everyone interested in spiritual growth.Rev.JudyCockeysville, Maryland Polarity: Negative Output:
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You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Hebrew. [Q]: Agora os cilindros empezan a xirar. [A]: עכשיו שני הצילינדרים האלו מתחילים להסתובב. [Q]: Durante tres anos, rexistramos de oito a dez horas ó día, acumulando un cuarto de millón de horas de audio e vídeo multi-pista. [A]: במהלך שלוש שנים, הקלטנו 8-10 שעות ביום, דבר שהסתכם בערך ב-250 אלף שעות של אודיו ווידאו רבי-ערוצים. [Q]: Creo que estamos no camiño correcto. [A]:
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Instructions: You are given a sentence in Portuguese. Your job is to translate the Portuguese sentence into Spanish. Input: A Lua não tem atmosfera, portanto os micrometeoritos atingem-na continuamente e toda a superfície da Lua está agora coberta de pó porque, durante quatro mil milhões de anos, foi bombardeada por micrometeoritos. E quando os micrometeoritos a atingem, a uma velocidade de 30 a 90 000 quilómetros por hora, vaporizam-se no momento do contacto. Output:
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. This task involves creating answers to complex questions, from a given passage. Answering these questions, typically involve understanding multiple sentences. Make sure that your answer has the same type as the "answer type" mentioned in input. The provided "answer type" can be of any of the following types: "span", "date", "number". A "span" answer is a continuous phrase taken directly from the passage or question. You can directly copy-paste the text from the passage or the question for span type answers. If you find multiple spans, please add them all as a comma separated list. Please restrict each span to five words. A "number" type answer can include a digit specifying an actual value. For "date" type answers, use DD MM YYYY format e.g. 11 Jan 1992. If full date is not available in the passage you can write partial date such as 1992 or Jan 1992. If you find multiple spans, please add them all as a comma separated list. Please restrict each span to five words. Passage: Coming off their divisional win over the Browns, the Steelers stayed at home for a Week 7 interconference duel with the 6-0 Minnesota Vikings. Pittsburgh got the game's opening score late in the first quarter with kicker Jeff Reed nailing a 39-yard field goal. The Vikings would answer in the second quarter with a 2-yard touchdown run from running back Adrian Peterson, yet the Steelers struck back with Ben Roethlisberger completing a 40-yard touchdown pass to rookie wide receiver Mike Wallace. Both teams would swap field goals in the third quarter, with Reed booting a 27-yard field goal and Vikings kicker Ryan Longwell making an 18-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, Pittsburgh defense came up with a huge play as defensive end Brett Keisel forced a fumble off of Vikings quarterback Brett Favre, allowing linebacker LaMarr Woodley to return the fumble 77 yards for a touchdown. However, Minnesota immediately struck back as wide receiver Percy Harvin returned a kickoff 88 yards for a touchdown. The Steelers' defense came up big again as linebacker Keyaron Fox returned a Favre interception 82 yards for a touchdown. With the win, Pittsburgh went into their bye week at 5-2 while Minnesota dropped to 6-1. Question: How many yards was the difference between the longest and shortest field goals? Answer type: Number Output:
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. In this task, you will be presented with a passage, and you need to write an **implausible** answer to to fill in the place of "_". Your answer should be incorrect, but should not be out of context. Try using words that are related to the context of the passage, but are not the correct answer. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. (CNN) A group of 375 "concerned" scientists -- including famed physicist Stephen Hawking -- released an open letter Tuesday sharply criticizing Donald Trump, citing the threat of climate change and blasting his push for the US to leave the Paris Accord. "It is of great concern that the Republican nominee for President has advocated U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Accord. A 'Parexit' would send a clear signal to the rest of the world: 'The United States does not care about the global problems of human-caused climate change. You are on your own,'" the group wrote on the website responsiblescientists.org. The use of the term "Parexit" is a reference to a political withdrawal along the lines of the UK's vote to leave the European Union, commonly called the "Brexit."A group of scientists released an open letter on Tuesday urging action on climate changeThe scientists called for support of the Paris climate change agreement Question:CNN reached out to the _ campaign for a response to the letter, but did not immediately receive a response. Output:
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Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case. In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen after that sentence. Is any of them directly caused by it, or is made possible by it? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible. Do not change the main selected sentence in your answer. Example: story: Greg picked up his friend. They went off road trucking. The truck got stuck. Greg couldn't get it out himself. Greg got it out with his friend'. selected sentence: Greg picked up his friend. Output: Greg picks up his friend >Causes/Enables> They go off road trucking The person picking up his friends makes them going off road trucking possible, so this is a correct answer. New input case for you: story: Mary was in her room lying on her bed. She saw Something crawl across the floor. Mary got off her bed and looked on the floor. There was a big spider crawling on the floor. Mary killed the spider. selected sentence: Mary got off her bed and looked on the floor. Output:
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Detailed Instructions: Given a comment text in Tamil, classify the comment into one of these categories (i) Hope speech, if it contains encouraging, positive or supportive contents about equality, diversity or inclusion, (ii) Not Hope Speech or (iii) Not in Expected Language, if the text is not Tamil. Q: India ku china nikkum...??? A:
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Given a pair of words, deduce the type of relationship between them. The various types of relations are: 'Entails, HasProperty, Synonym, Antonym, HasA, MemberOf, PartOf, MadeOf, IsA'. Let's denote the first word by X and the second word by Y. An 'IsA' relation holds when 'X is a kind of Y'. An 'Antonym' relation holds when 'X can be used as the opposite of Y'. A 'Synonym' relation applies when 'X can be used in place of Y, without changing the meaning'. A 'PartOf' relation holds when 'X is a part of Y'. A 'MemberOf' relation holds when 'X is a member of Y'. A 'MadeOf' relation holds when 'X is made of Y'. An 'Entailment' relation holds when 'If X is true, then Y is true as well'. A 'HasA' relation holds when 'X can have or contain Y'. A 'HasProperty' relation holds when 'Y is to specify X'. Input: Consider Input: X: cleave, Y: cut Output: Entails Input: Consider Input: X: bark, Y: rough Output: HasProperty Input: Consider Input: X: baby, Y: small
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You are given a sentence in Polish. Your job is to translate the Polish sentence into Arabic. Input: Consider Input: Siostra jej babki na lotnisku. Output: خالتها الكبرى في المطار. Input: Consider Input: Dziękuję Wam wszystkim. Output: شكراً لكم جميعاً. Input: Consider Input: Cały czas się wynajdujemy. I technologia nam to umożliwia. Ciągłe wymyślanie się na nowo.
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In this task, you are given a question and an answer. Answer "Yes" if the given answer correctly answers the question, otherwise answer "No". how can hoa collect unpaid fees on property, Answer: Some states, such as Florida and California, have a large body of homeowner association law, and some states, such as Massachusetts, have virtually no homeowner association law.
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Given a piece of financial news and its polarity, classify it into 'true' if the polarity is correct and classify into 'false' if the polarity is incorrect. Output must be 'true' or 'false'. Ex Input: news:The fuel purchase contracts have been signed with three months ' delivery from this September to November . polarity:neutral Ex Output: true Ex Input: news:Niklas Skogster has been employed by the ABB Group in various positions concerning the development of operations . polarity:negative Ex Output: false Ex Input: news:The company will publish its financial statement for 2008 on February 25 , 2009 . polarity:neutral Ex Output:
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In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story. Ex Input: Sentence1: Dan dreaded doing back to school shopping with his kids. Sentence2: However, Dan had to purchase new backpacks and shoes for the kids. Sentence3: Dan decided to go to the mall to get the school shopping done. Sentence4: After looking through several stores, Dan didn't find anything. Sentence5: Dan was disappointed that he did not find anything at the mall. Ex Output: Kids, Dan Ex Input: Sentence1: My mom made pancakes for breakfast the other day. Sentence2: While she was making pancakes she ran out of pancake batter. Sentence3: I had to run to the store to get more batter. Sentence4: When I got back the pancakes she made were cold. Sentence5: I had to wait for her to make another batch before I could eat. Ex Output: I (myself), My mom Ex Input: Sentence1: Butch, Ramsey and Nash were cowboys. Sentence2: One day, Nash got distracted and lost their cattle. Sentence3: The cattle ran away and were taken by bandits. Sentence4: The cowboys found their cattle and drove away the bandits. Sentence5: The herd was taken to market and the three kept their jobs. Ex Output:
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question. Q: Question: Does red blood cell endothelial nitric oxide synthase modulate red blood cell storage hemolysis? Answer: These studies suggest that RBC eNOS does not modulate susceptibility to hemolysis in response to selected stress conditions or prolonged hypothermic storage. Other strategies to increase nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity after prolonged storage utilizing NOS-independent pathways such as the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway may prove a more promising approach. A:
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. In this task, you're given the title of a story consisting of five sentences, numbered 1 through 5. Your job is to arrange the sentences in order to make a story that makes complete sense and is apt for the title. Indicate your answer using the number of the sentences in order, such as '34152'. Title: Margarita Night. Sentence 1: While eating, he realized it was margarita night. Sentence 2: Tom ordered fajitas, and listened to the mariachi band. Sentence 3: Tom and Sally went to the Mexican restaurant for dinner. Sentence 4: After dinner, he paid for their meal and decided to head home. Sentence 5: He ordered a margarita. Output:
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. This task is about translating a given French language sentence to English. Et ils ont essayé de me stopper, mais je ne peux pas être stoppé
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In this task, you are given a dialogue between a user and an assistant, where users and assistants converse about geographic topics like geopolitical entities and locations. The task here is to find if the dialogue is by the user or assistant. Classify your answers into user and assistant. Q: Hi, can you tell me about the demographics of Algeria A:
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Q: You are shown a conversation between a user and system. Identify who has spoken the indicated sentence based on the conversation. Sentence1: Could you also get me a taxi between the two that leaves the hotel by 6:15? Sentence2: There are 11 guesthouses that fit your criteria. Do you have a preference of north, south or east? Sentence3: The address is saint andrew's street. Sentence4: the taxi is booked. it's going to be a yellow tesla. their phone number is 07606976296. Sentence5: The area doesn't matter. I'll go with whatever guesthouse you recommend. Please make my reservation for 3 people, 5 nights, starting Thursday. Thanks. Sentence6: Thanks. I don't need anything else. Sentence7: What is the postcode? Sentence8: I have you booked at archway house, the reference number is N8IRHQYO, any further questions? Sentence9: I'm also looking for a moderately priced guesthouse, one with a four star rating. If it doesn't have free parking, that's fine. Sentence10: Can I recommend christ's college? Sentence11: Yes could I have the address and postcode of the college please. Sentence12: i am glad i have been of help. good day Sentence13: Have a great one. Thanks again for your help. Goodbye. Sentence14: There are 79 attractions, Do you have an idea of the type you're looking for? Sentence15: I need information on places to go and see. Sentence16: Yes, I would like the type of college. I will need the address and postcode please. Sentence17: Thank you, I'm glad I could be of help. Goodbye. Sentence18: The postcode is cb23bu. Can I help you find anything else today? Question: Who has spoken the sentence 2? (A) User (B) System A:
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Given an open-ended topic (movie name, a persons name, an event, sports, etc) generate a simple trivia-type question. [EX Q]: duma key [EX A]: Who wrote the 2008 novel 'Duma Key'? [EX Q]: denise richards [EX A]: D.C.J. What part did Denise Richards play in 'The World is not Enough' (1999)? [EX Q]: draco [EX A]:
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Detailed Instructions: You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Portugese. Q: انا اريد ان اصدق وانت ايضا تريد ذلك A:
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In this task, you are given a sentence in Spanish and your task is to translate it into English. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name). Example input: Está, sin duda, dentro de la línea de las posiciones que nuestro Parlamento siempre ha adoptado. Example output: Indeed, it is quite in keeping with the positions this House has always adopted. Example explanation: This English sentence is properly translated into Spanish because the English sentence also talks about how the house was always adopted. Q: URBAN se plantea encontrar soluciones a la degradación de las ciudades y esto es algo que interesa mucho a las personas mayores y, en consecuencia, también al Partido de los Pensionistas. A:
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Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence in the English language from the various articles. Your task is to translate the given English sentence into the Yoruba language. Please bear in mind the following guidelines while doing the translation: 1) Generated output should have natural language and formal form. The output sentence should not be a colloquial form of the input sentence. The generated output should be in natural language which is how you would type your queries in a text-based virtual assistant. 2) The words between quotation marks *SHOULD NOT* be translated. The output should keep those values intact and include the quotation marks around them as well. 3) Numbers and fully capitalized words like SEPTEMBER, or 10 HOURS *SHOULD NOT* be translated. Keep them as they are in the translations. 4) Do not localize measurement units like miles to kilometers during your translation. 5) Note the input is in sentence case except for special placeholders. Do the same in your translations. See one example below: Problem: That is what? Solution: Kí nìyẹn? Explanation: The English sentence is properly translated to the Yoruba language as both the sentences convey the same meaning and both the sentences are in sentence case and it includes punctuation marks as well. Problem: Currently, at least 13 federal agencies and several state agencies offer ID services in Nigeria. Solution:
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instruction: In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether, as a result of the Head, PersonX may feel what is mentioned in the Tail or not. In this task, the feeling is an emotional reaction on the part of X or other participants in an event. For example, as a result of gift-giving, X might feel good about [one]self. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action. question: Head: PersonX answers PersonX's purpose<sep>Tail: knowledgeable answer: No question: Head: PersonX affects children 's ___<sep>Tail: to go on to other things answer: No question: Head: PersonX gets to the point<sep>Tail: determined, in a rush, possibly irritated answer:
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You are given a sentence in Italian. Your job is to translate the Italian sentence into Farsi. Ci siamo sentiti come se quello che ci eravamo aspettati non avesse niente a che fare con quello che stavamo effettivamente sperimentando. E quindi abbiamo deciso che volevamo parlare francamente ai genitori.
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Teacher:The given sentence contains a typo which could be one of the following four types: (1) swapped letters of a word e.g. 'niec' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (2) missing letter in a word e.g. 'nic' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (3) extra letter in a word e.g. 'nicce' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (4) replaced letter in a word e.g 'nicr' is a typo of the word 'nice'. You need to identify the typo in the given sentence. To do this, answer with the word containing the typo. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: A gropu of fighter jets fly through the sky in a pattern. Student:
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In this task, answer 'Yes' if the frequency of the given word in the two sentences is equal, else answer 'No'. [Q]: Sentence1: 'a horsedrawn carriage rides along a street in front of some tractors and people eating outside a restaurant', Sentence2: 'a little boy and girl sitting at a table eating some food'. Is the frequency of the word 'eating' in two sentences equal? [A]: Yes [Q]: Sentence1: 'a bunch of apples are laying on a stonelike surface', Sentence2: 'a herd of sheep standing on top of a lush green field'. Is the frequency of the word 'of' in two sentences equal? [A]: No [Q]: Sentence1: 'a phone shows a video of a woman singing', Sentence2: 'a pan pizza with a thick crust on a cutting board with a knife'. Is the frequency of the word 'a' in two sentences equal? [A]:
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In this task you will be given a list of integers. You should round each integer to the nearest tens place. That means you should round the number to the nearest multiple of 10. [-19, -698, 863, -277, 867, 369, -71, -165, -944, 119]
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In this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: threat and non-threat. Threat is a statement that someone will be hurt or harmed, especially if the person does not do something in particular. Let me give you an example: Comment: Enough already. Cut the head off this snake. The answer to this example can be: Threat Here is why: This comment conveys a violent threat to someone. OK. solve this: Comment: Kill this F'n W*ore on site. Answer:
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Teacher: In this task you will be given an arithmetic operation and you have to find its answer. The operators '+' and '-' have been replaced with new symbols. Specifically, '+' has been replaced with the symbol '@' and '-' with the symbol '#'. You need to perform the operations in the given equation return the answer Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: 6 @ 17 Solution: 23 Reason: Here, '@' represents the addition operation. So, the answer is 23 (6+17=23). Now, solve this instance: 7508 @ 5884 @ 7643 Student:
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string. 9, 18, ['8333', 's', 'M', 'X', '9759', 's', 'A', 'z', '7805', '7949', '2541', 't', '9155', '1181', 'd', '2167', '8073', 'l', '5377'] Output:
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In this task, you are given a sentence in English, and your task is to translate it into Persian. [Q]: and a sermon at Christmas and Easter, I suppose, will be the sum total of sacrifice.; [A]: یک موعظه در کریسمس و عید پاک به نظرم کل مایه‌ای است که باید بگذارد. [Q]: When she returned with the grammar, [A]: وقتی روت با کتاب دستور زبان بازگشت، [Q]: He saw her come down the aisle, [A]:
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In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No". Rolfe put down the little dog he had been holding, and went out into the hall. The dog accompanied him, frisking about him in friendly fashion. Rolfe first examined the bedroom that he had seen Inspector Chippenfield enter. It was a small room, containing a double bed. It was prettily furnished in white, with white curtains, and toilet-table articles in ivory to match. A glance round the room convinced Rolfe that it was impossible for a man to secrete himself in it. The door of the wardrobe had been flung open by the inspector, and the dresses and other articles of feminine apparel it contained flung out on the floor. There was no other hiding-place possible, except beneath the bed, and the ruthless hand of the inspector had torn off the white muslin bed hangings, revealing emptiness underneath. Rolfe went out into the hall again, and entered the room next the bedroom. This apartment was apparently used as a dining-room, for it contained a large table, a few chairs, a small sideboard, a spirit-stand, a case of books and ornaments, and two small oak presses. Plainly, there was no place in it where a man could hide himself. The next room was the bathroom, which was also empty. Opposite the bathroom was a small bedroom, very barely furnished, offering no possibility of concealment. Then the passage opened into a large roomy kitchen, the full width of the rooms on both sides of the hall, and the kitchen completed the flat. <sep>Why did Rolfe stop his search in the first room?<sep>The was no place to rest
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Q: You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Italian. Como usuario experto de ordenadores, Dimitry levou o capitalismo mafioso da súa cidade natal á rede de todo o mundo. A:
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Given two noun phrases (arguments) and relationship between them, form a sentence that expresses theses arguments with the given relationship. Let me give you an example: Relationship: 'knock', Argument/Subject 1: 'someone', Argument/Subject 2: 'it' The answer to this example can be: The mailbox was bent and broken and looked like someone had knocked it over on purpose. Here is why: The generated sentence contains the two given subjects - someone and it, and they are related to each other on the basis of the given relationship - knocked OK. solve this: Relationship: 'land at', Argument/Subject 1: 'marine', Argument/Subject 2: 'da nang' Answer:
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You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Spanish. -------- Question: Co arrogancia da xuventude, pensei que o entendía. Answer: Verán. En la arrogancia de mi juventud, pensé que tenía todo cubierto: Question: No seguinte modo, podemos facer que siga a unha persoa. Answer: En el siguiente modo, podemos hacer que Rezero siga a una persona. Question: Sede conscientes da vosa propia lingua Answer:
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Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a question, a context passage, and four options which are terms from the passage. After reading a passage, you will get a brief understanding of the terms. Your job is to determine by searching and reading further information of which term you can answer the question. Indicate your choice as 'a', 'b', 'c', or 'd'. If you think more than one option is plausible, choose the more probable option to help you answer the question. Q: Question: How many years after the Schengen Treaty being signed did the 2017 Dutch–Turkish diplomatic incident occur? Passage:At the time, the Turkish Minister of Family and Social Policies, Fatma Betül Sayan Kaya, was touring Germany. A visit to the Dutch town of Hengelo, close to the German border, had already been scheduled. On 11 March, the Dutch General Intelligence and Security Service received information that Kaya would try to reach Rotterdam by car. She could freely cross the border because of the Schengen Treaty. A crisis centre was established on the twenty-third floor of the Rotterdam World Port Center to coordinate police actions. Earlier, the Turkish consul in Rotterdam had indicated to the Mayor of Rotterdam, Ahmed Aboutaleb, that there were no plans for such a visit. It now proved impossible to contact the consul, which gave Aboutaleb the conviction that the consul knew of Kaya's attempt. A motorcade was intercepted but the car with the minister managed to drive away. It reached a small yard at the rear of the Turkish consulate. The Dutch police stopped Betül Sayan Kaya's entourage just metres from the Turkish consulate building. About twenty police officers, forming a special forces unit, the Dienst Speciale Interventies, masked and equipped with body armour and automatic weapons, arrested ten members of Kaya's bodyguard, on suspicion of illegally carrying firearms. A German source had indicated they had obtained a German weapons permit. No arms were discovered. Two other men were also arrested, who later proved to be the Deventer Turkish consul and the chargé d'affaires of the Turkish embassy. They in principle enjoyed diplomatic immunity. The twelve arrested men were detained for two hours and their passports were seized. A stand-off ensued for several hours in which the Turkish minister refused to leave the car. Just after midnight, a special heavy tow truck, a lift flatbed, was driven into the yard and prepared to vertically hoist the 3.5 tonne car onto the flatbed, with the minister still in it, to transport her back to Germany. The minister now left the car and demanded entrance to the consulate invoking the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The Dutch police had orders to arrest the minister if necessary. Ultimately, she gave in to the police demands to leave the country. At the time, many news sources assumed that she had been declared persona non grata. She was, loudly protesting, taken to another car, a black armoured Mercedes, by masked Dutch police officers who accompanied her to a police station at Nijmegen near the Dutch–German border. Her passport was seized. She was not allowed to leave the station for one and a half hours, while being reunited with the ten bodyguards. She returned to Germany under German escort. Sporadic rioting occurred among the about a thousand pro-Erdoğan protesters who had come to the Turkish consulate. They were met by Dutch riot police, who arrested twelve people for violent assault and not following police instructions. Kaya's passport was returned on 12 March, 18:00, to the Turkish consul. In April 2017, Kaya's lawyer said they would file a complaint against the Dutch government at court claiming that her expulsion from the Netherlands was illegal because she was not given a written statement of the reasons for the expulsion. However, on 2 May the case was dropped when it transpired that Kaya had never been formally declared persona non grata and that from a judicial point of view she had left the Netherlands voluntarily. Links: a. Schengen Agreement b. Hengelo c. Deventer d. World Port Center A:
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Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them. Problem:At their new political high-water mark, Republicans have plenty of reasons to celebrate - and at least one large cause for worry. On Election Day, voters shattered the Obama agenda of expanded public benefits and increased income tax progressivity, leaving the president to reassemble his goals with glue and tape. During this midterm cycle, Republicans became reacquainted with estranged friends: independents, seniors, college-educated voters, working-class voters, rural voters and suburban voters. The Republican Party will benefit from the infusion of diverse, attractive new leaders, including some, such as Florida Sen.-elect Marco Rubio, with Tea Party pedigrees. Most important, Republicans have demonstrated that they are not a rump party confined to the states of the old Confederacy, as even some Republican strategists had begun to fear. The GOP did solidify its hold on the South, but it was progress in states such as Ohio and Pennsylvania that raises Republicans' hopes for a competitive presidential season. The Bible Belt and the Rust Belt are the winning combination. But a high-water mark is also a kind of limit, showing where even the cresting floods do not reach. The revolution of 2010 had about as much influence in California as it did in Finland. Even following a historically good Republican election, the Golden State will be served by Jerry Brown and Barbara Boxer, giving California Republicans good reason to despair. And even a vast political victory does not change an iron law of politics: The quality of candidates matters. Serious, mainstream Republican Senate candidates could have won in Delaware and Nevada. But Christine O'Donnell was not serious. And Sharron Angle - warning of "Second Amendment remedies" in case of political loss - was not mainstream. Weak, poorly vetted Senate candidates were the main reason that while Republican gains in the House were historic - the largest in 72 years - gains in the Senate were not. O'Donnell and Angle were gifts of Sen. Jim DeMint and Sarah Palin to their party. Tea Party enthusiasm and shallow ideological purity were supposed to be better than outdated, "establishment" attributes such as achievement, wisdom or qualification. This approach to politics is expected of DeMint, who has gained national prominence by accusing his Republican colleagues of compromise. Coming from Palin, however, it is a threat to the Republican future. In the past, Palin embodied the populist style of the Tea Party movement while espousing a fairly mainstream Republican ideology. On economic, social and foreign policy, Palin seldom strayed from a simplified, popularized Reaganism. The Mama Grizzly may have been ferocious, but her talking points came from the Heritage Foundation instead of from shadier corners of the right. This election season called that perception into question. Palin's support for O'Donnell showed poor political judgment. But Palin went further, also endorsing Constitution Party gubernatorial candidate Tom Tancredo in Colorado, one of the most divisive figures in American politics. Tancredo has made a career of fanning anti-immigrant resentment and lobbing ideological grenades. The people who voted Barack Obama into office, in his view, "could not even spell the word 'vote' or even say it in English." The National Council of La Raza is "a Latino KKK without the hoods or the nooses." Miami is a "Third World country." Pope Benedict's embrace of immigrants is all about "recruiting new members," in an attempt at "faith-based marketing." "The guy sitting in the White House," says Tancredo, is a greater threat to the Constitution than al-Qaeda. "If his wife says Kenya is his homeland, why don't we just send him back?" It was one of the best outcomes of Election 2010 that Tancredo was exiled from any position of public trust. But it is disturbing that Palin found Tancredo to be the "right man for the job." Her endorsement raises the question of whether Palin has any standards for her support other than anti-government rhetoric. Either as a power broker or a candidate in the 2012 election, Palin's increasingly erratic political judgment should raise Republican concerns. Palin recently took to Fox Business Network to call establishment Republicans "sleazy." "Some within the establishment don't like the fact that I won't back down to a good-old-boys club," she said. This odd mix of Tea Party Jacobinism and feminist grievance has become Palin's operating style. What many Republicans, establishment and otherwise, don't like is this: The leading figure of the Tea Party movement seems increasingly indifferent to Republican fortunes and increasingly tolerant of disturbing extremism. michaelgerson@washpost.com ||||| 'The people have spoken, the bastards." That would be how Democrats in the White House and on Capitol Hill are feeling. The last two years of their leadership have been rebuffed. The question for the Democratic Party: Was it worth it? Was it worth following the president and the speaker in their mad pursuit of liberal legislation that the country would not, could not, like? And what will you do now? Which path will you take? The Republicans saw their own establishment firmly, sharply put down. The question for them: What will you do to show yourselves worthy of the bounty? The Republicans won big, but both parties return to Washington chastened. Good. Two small points on the election's atmospherics that carry implications for the future. The first is that negative ads became boring, unpersuasive. Forty years ago they were new, exciting in a sort of prurient way. Now voters take for granted that politicians are no good, and such ads are just more polluted water going over the waterfall. The biggest long-term loser: liberalism. If all pols are sleazoid crooks, then why would people want to give them more governmental power to order our lives? The implicit message of two generations of negative ads: Vote conservative, limit the reach of the thieves. Steve Moore says despite a better than expected October employment report, the economy is still very weak, making it essential to forge a deal to extend all the Bush tax cuts. The second, not much noticed, is that all candidates must assume now that they are being taped, wherever they are, including private conversations. Sharron Angle was taped in a private meeting with a potential supporter, who leaked it to the press, to her embarrassment. The taper/leaker was a sleaze and a weasel—a sleazel—but candidates can no longer ever assume they are speaking in confidence; they have to assume even aides and supporters are wired. (Go reread "Game Change" and wonder if some of the conversations reported there were taped.) The zone of privacy just got smaller, and the possibility of blackmail, a perennial unseen force in politics, wider. Prediction: This fact will, at some point in 2012, cause an uproar. On to the aftermath of the election. On Wednesday, President Obama gave a news conference to share his thoughts. Viewers would have found it disappointing if there had been any viewers. The president is speaking, in effect, to an empty room. From my notes five minutes in: "This wet blanket, this occupier of the least interesting corner of the faculty lounge, this joy-free zone, this inert gas." By the end I was certain he will never produce a successful stimulus because he is a human depression. Actually I thought the worst thing you can say about a president: He won't even make a good former president. His detachment is so great, it is even from himself. As he spoke, he seemed to be narrating from a remove. It was like hearing the audiobook of Volume I of his presidential memoirs. "Obama was frustrated. He honestly didn't understand what the country was doing. It was as if they had compulsive hand-washing disorder. In '08 they washed off Bush. Now they're washing off Obama. There he is, swirling down the drain! It's all too dramatic, too polar. The morning after the election it occurred to him: maybe he should take strong action. Maybe he should fire America! They did well in 2008, but since then they've been slipping. They weren't giving him the followership he needed. But that wouldn't work, they'd only complain. He had to keep his cool. His aides kept telling him, 'Show humility.' But they never told him what humility looked like. What was he supposed to do, burst into tears and say hit me? Not knowing how to feel humility or therefore show humility he decided to announce humility: He found the election 'humbling,' he said." What Democrats have to learn from this election: Cut loose from that. Join with Republicans where you can, create legislation together, send the bill to the White House, see what happens. Even as the Republicans have succeeded in getting out from under George W. Bush, this is your chance to get out from under Mr. Obama, and possibly prosper in 2012 whatever happens to him. What the tea party, by which I mean members and sympathizers, has to learn from 2010 is this: Not only the message is important but the messenger. Even in a perfect political environment, those candidates who were conservative but seemed strange, or unprofessional, or not fully qualified, or like empty bags skittering along the street, did not fare well. The tea party provided the fire and passion of the election, and helped produce major wins—Marco Rubio by 19 points! But in the future the tea party is going to have to ask itself: Is this candidate electable? Will he pass muster with those who may not themselves be deeply political but who hold certain expectations as to the dignity and stature required of those who hold office? This is the key question the tea party will face in 2012. And it will be hard to answer it, because the tea party doesn't have leaders or conventions, so the answer will have to bubble up from a thousand groups, from 10,000 leaders. Electable doesn't mean not-conservative. Electable means mature, accomplished, stable—and able to persuade. Conservatives talked a lot about Ronald Reagan this year, but they have to take him more to heart, because his example here is a guide. All this seemed lost last week on Sarah Palin, who called him, on Fox, "an actor." She was defending her form of political celebrity—reality show, "Dancing With the Stars," etc. This is how she did it: "Wasn't Ronald Reagan an actor? Wasn't he in 'Bedtime for Bonzo,' Bozo, something? Ronald Reagan was an actor." Excuse me, but this was ignorant even for Mrs. Palin. Reagan people quietly flipped their lids, but I'll voice their consternation to make a larger point. Ronald Reagan was an artist who willed himself into leadership as president of a major American labor union (Screen Actors Guild, seven terms, 1947-59.) He led that union successfully through major upheavals (the Hollywood communist wars, labor-management struggles); discovered and honed his ability to speak persuasively by talking to workers on the line at General Electric for eight years; was elected to and completed two full terms as governor of California; challenged and almost unseated an incumbent president of his own party; and went on to popularize modern conservative political philosophy without the help of a conservative infrastructure. Then he was elected president. The point is not "He was a great man and you are a nincompoop," though that is true. The point is that Reagan's career is a guide, not only for the tea party but for all in politics. He brought his fully mature, fully seasoned self into politics with him. He wasn't in search of a life when he ran for office, and he wasn't in search of fame; he'd already lived a life, he was already well known, he'd accomplished things in the world. Here is an old tradition badly in need of return: You have to earn your way into politics. You should go have a life, build a string of accomplishments, then enter public service. And you need actual talent: You have to be able to bring people in and along. You can't just bully them, you can't just assert and taunt, you have to be able to persuade. Americans don't want, as their representatives, people who seem empty or crazy. They'll vote no on that. It's not just the message, it's the messenger. ||||| Solution:
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Teacher: You are given a short text as a title. Your task is to generate a poem as output that is related to the given title and should feel like written by kids. The output should be a run-on sentence (two or more complete sentences connected without any punctuation). The poem should not be too long or too complex, because it should feel like it is written by younger person without high level of literature education. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: Onomatopeia sounds Solution: my friend call this morning to hear the different sound she collect them in a bag and call me to her town the singing of the kettle the clanging of the anvil the ringing of the phone the wailing of the siren Reason: the poem is related to sounds, and is in a style that resembles a poem instead of other kind of texts. Now, solve this instance: Mice-mouse Student:
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In this task, you're given a context passage, a question, and three answer options. Your task is to return an incorrect answer option to the question from the choices given. For all questions, only one of the three answer options is correct. Pick one of the two incorrect answer options as the output. Input: Consider Input: Context: Jan started a conversation with a random stranger while sitting at the bar. Question: How would you describe Jan? Options: (A) normal (B) open to strangers (C) somebody who does not seek attention Output: C Input: Consider Input: Context: Tracy won the big lottery and decided to help their friends financially. Question: How would Addison feel as a result? Options: (A) generous (B) stingy (C) guilty Output: B Input: Consider Input: Context: Sasha worked for weeks. They saved a lot of money during that time. Question: What does Sasha need to do before this? Options: (A) make time (B) work overtime (C) not manage time
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Instructions: In this task, you are given a question and answer for that. The answer will fill in the blank or will complete the unfinished question. Your task is to provide an explanation based on the given question or fill-in-the-blank statement, and answer. Input: Question: Dave dropped a feather and a ball out of a window. The ball landed last because it had mass that, compared to the feather, was Answer: lesser Output:
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In this task, you get an English sentence and a corresponding Spanish translation of the English sentence. Your task is to return a "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise return "No" [EX Q]: English: That has only happened recently. Spanish:En su ponencia para la cumbre, la Comisión ha fijado objetivos cuantitativos para el desarrollo en materia de empleo, desempleo y empleo femenino. [EX A]: No [EX Q]: English: We should be grateful that there are Heads of State like Vaclav Havel in our Europe. Spanish:Hay que agradecer la existencia de jefes de estado como Vaclav Havel en nuestra Europa. [EX A]: Yes [EX Q]: English: Secondly, the Baltic States are also knocking on our door. Spanish:Se trata de un avance importante, pero señalo que, a pesar de todo, este Libro Blanco es resultado de una resolución del Parlamento aprobada en 1994, es decir, hace seis años. [EX A]:
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In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen after that sentence. Is any of them directly caused by it, or is made possible by it? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible. Do not change the main selected sentence in your answer. Q: story: Carla loved the beach. She wanted her own beach house. Carla worked for 40 years and saved up money to buy a beach house. She was hit by a car on the day she would move into the house. Carla never got to live in her dream beach house. selected sentence: She was hit by a car on the day she would move into the house. A: Carla is hit by a car the day she would move into the house >Causes/Enables> Carla never gets to live in her dream house **** Q: story: Tom wanted nothing more than to be a cartoonist. He sat day and night scribbling drawings. Tom could not come up with stories as he wasn't a writer. He thought that he must find a writer to team up with. He found Susie a old friend to join him and start a cartoon strip. selected sentence: He thought that he must find a writer to team up with. A: Tom thought that he must find a writer to team up with >Causes/Enables> Tom found Susie to join him and start a cartoon strip **** Q: story: Tina and her friends were excited to go on a hot air balloon. It was the first time they were able to go on a hot air balloon. The girls were thrilled to experience this day. As the girls went in the air, the girls were very happy. The view from above was amazing. selected sentence: It was the first time they were able to go on a hot air balloon. A:
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In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether the Head can be hindered by what is mentioned in the Tail or not. In this task, hindering introduces hindrances that obstruct the natural path to the achievement of a goal. For example, the event PersonX adopts a cat can be obstructed if PersonX is allergic to cats. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action. One example: Head: PersonX touches a nerve<sep>Tail: PersonX is too nice Solution is here: Yes Explanation: This is a good example. The Tail can hinder the Head. Now, solve this: Head: PersonX also decided<sep>Tail: like someone agrees with them Solution:
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Teacher: In this task, you are given a summary for US Congressional and California state bill, your task is to generate a Title for this bill. The preferred titles are under forty words and mention the purpose of the bill. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: Amends the Water Resources Development Act of 1999 to: (1) authorize appropriations for FY 1999 through 2009 for implementation of a long-term resource monitoring program with respect to the Upper Mississippi River Environmental Management Program (currently, such funding is designated for a program for the planning, construction, and evaluation of measures for fish and wildlife habitat rehabilitation and enhancement); (2) authorize the Secretary of the Army to carry out modifications to the navigation project for the Delaware River, Pennsylvania and Delaware, if such project as modified is technically sound, environmentally (currently, economically) acceptable, and economically justified; (3) subject certain previously deauthorized water resources development projects to the seven-year limitation governing project deauthorizations under the Act, with the exception of such a project for Indian River County, Florida; (4) except from a certain schedule of the non-Federal cost of the periodic nourishment of shore protection projects constructed after December 31, 1999, those projects for which a District Engineer's Report has been completed by such date; (5) require that the project cooperation agreement for the Comite River Diversion Project for flood control include a provision that specifies that any reduction in the non-Federal share that results from certain modifications be credited toward the share of project costs to be paid by the Amite River Basin Drainage and Water Conservation District; (6) allow the Secretary to provide additional compensation to Chesapeake City, Maryland (currently, to the City of Chesapeake, Maryland) for damage to its water supply resulting from the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Project; (7) provide for the submission of certain reports on water resources development projects by the Secretary, notwithstanding Federal reporting termination provisions; and (8) authorize and provide for an authorization of appropriations for the existing program for the safety and operations expenses of the Federal Railroad Administration, and make available for obligation funds currently appropriated for such program. Solution: To make technical corrections to the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. Reason: This Bill makes corrections to the Water Resources Development Act of 1999, hence the generated title is correct. Now, solve this instance: Amends the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to prescribe guidelines for a Federal Renewable Portfolio Standard under which retail electric suppliers submit renewable energy credits to the Secretary. Student:
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Detailed Instructions: Given a sentence in the Thai, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is. Q: Jimmy Wales ประธานมูลนิธิของวิกิมีเดียกล่าวว่าเขายินดีที่จะเป็นร่วมมือกับ Answer.com ในการสนับสนุนโปรแกรมซึ่งปรับปรุงการเข้าถึงวิกิพีเดีย A:
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Teacher: Given a sentence in Spanish, generate a new Spanish sentence by performing small changes on the sentence. Here, make sure that the changes are semantically related and syntactically similar to the input. And the generated sentence should have high commonsense plausibility, that is to have reasonable probability of it being true. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: Es probable que encuentres un planeta en el sistema solar. Solution: Es desafortunado encontrar un planeta en el sistema solar. Reason: This is a good example of a change in the input. The created sentence is semantically similar to the input as both are talking about finding a planet in the solar system and the changes in the sentence follows the commonsense knowledge. Now, solve this instance: Es probable que vea un delfín en cualquier ventana. Student:
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Given a comment text in Tamil, classify the comment into one of these categories (i) Hope speech, if it contains encouraging, positive or supportive contents about equality, diversity or inclusion, (ii) Not Hope Speech or (iii) Not in Expected Language, if the text is not Tamil. Q: Who have Redmi mobile hit like here. A:
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Definition: In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2. Your job is to choose whether the two sentences clearly agree (entailment)/disagree (contradiction) with each other, or if this cannot be determined (neutral). Your answer must be in the form of the letters E, C, and N respectively. Input: Sentence 1: A man in a coat talking on his phone on the street. Sentence 2: The woman in shorts is on her phone texting. Output:
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words. Sentence1: Viruses are usually considered to be nonliving. Sentence2: Variola major, the virus that causes smallpox, is considered a potential bioterrorism agent.
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instruction: Given an entity, a before event, an after event, and an attribute related to the entity, generate a sentence as output. Your sentence should show the changes in the attribute of the entity. question: entity: tile before: dirty after: cleaner attr: cleanness answer: cleanness of tile was dirty before and cleaner afterwards question: entity: levels before: incomplete after: completed attr: state answer: state of levels was incomplete before and completed afterwards question: entity: spoon before: in storage after: in use attr: location answer:
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Q: In this task you will be given a list of integers. For every element in the list, if the element is even you should divide by two, if the element is odd you should multiply by three then add one. The output should be a list of integers that is the result of applying that logic to the input list. [157, 154, 126, 96, 191, 131, 141] A:
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Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a tuple, comprising Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether, as a result of the Head, PersonY or others will want what is mentioned in the Tail or not. In this task, wanting is a postcondition desire on the part of PersonY and others, respectively. For example, as a result of PersonX giving PersonY gifts, PersonY may want to open the gift. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action. Problem:Head: PersonX loses PersonX's reason<sep>Tail: to stay away from PersonX. Solution:
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Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence in the Japanese language and your task is to convert it into the English language. In translation, keep numbers as it is and make it sentence case (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and noun). Q: 暴露はルイスPRとコンピュータ・セキュリティ会社のF?セキュアによる情報の自由の要請の結果起こった。 A:
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Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case. In this task you will be given some text dialogue and you need to infer the underlying emotion of the text. The possible emotions are happy, sad, angry, or other. Example: i don't work i could take your shift i am a student Output: other In this dialogue someone is informing another person that they could take their shift. There is no happy, sad, or angry emotion in this text. So this is a good example. New input case for you: i m very funny boy but i m you Output:
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Given a sentence in the Japanese, provide an equivalent translation in Bahasa Indonesia that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is. Example: フランスのパリ、パルク・デ・プランスで行われた2007年ラグビーワールドカップのプールCで、イタリアは31対5でポルトガルを下した。 Example solution: Italia berhasil mengalahkan Portugal 31-5 di grup C dalam Piala Dunia Rugby 2007 di Parc des Princes, Paris, Perancis. Example explanation: This is a correct and accurate translation from Japanese to Bahasa Indonesia because translated text is just paraphrased of Japanese sentence. Also, it preserves the numbers as it is. Problem: スピーチは、「声明:トライデント‐英国核抑止力の将来」と呼ばれる。
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In this task, you are given a sentence from the research paper and the category to which it belongs. Your task is to classify whether the given category is correct or not by providing "True" and "False", respectively. Here are the definitions for the categories: Background (Why is this problem important? What relevant works have been created before? What is still missing in the previous works? What are the high-level research questions? How might this help other research or researchers?), Purpose (What specific things do the researchers want to do? What specific knowledge do the researchers want to gain? What specific hypothesis do the researchers want to test?), Method (How did the researchers do the work or find what they sought? What are the procedures and steps of the research?), or Finding (What did the researchers find out? Did the proposed methods work? Did the thing behave as the researchers expected?). ", Ex Input: Sentence: ISG15-TAMRA was used as a substrate for determination of Lb pro Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Section: finding Ex Output: False Ex Input: Sentence: immunohistochemistry , and virus re-isolation. Section: purpose Ex Output: False Ex Input: Sentence: They can help in detection of COVID-19 patients. Section: finding Ex Output:
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Definition: In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name). Input: A new independent audit system service must be set up. Output:
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In this task, you are given a post in English from online platforms. You are expected to identify whether the post is hateful against immigrants and women. A hateful post expresses hate or encourages violence towards a person or a group. If a post is hateful but not towards immigrants and women, it should be labeled as non-hateful. Answer "hateful" or "Non-hateful". Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link]. Example: Post: If I was a woman I would probably be a hoe lol they have so much fun and niggas pay them for stupid shit Example solution: Hateful Example explanation: This is a hateful post against women because it contains explicit language that disrespects women. Problem: Post: FFS!! That sounds as good as his grammar 🌚 [Link]
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Definition: You are given a sentence in English. Your job is to translate the English sentence into Japanese. Input: It has its own external prosthetic devices, and these devices are helping us all to communicate and interact with each other. Output:
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In this task, you're expected to write answers to questions involving multiple references to the same entity. The answer to the question should be unambiguous and a phrase in the paragraph. Most questions can have only one correct answer. Passage: Although the estate as a whole is 450 acres (1.8 km2), the gardens themselves occupy only 5 acres (0.020 km2). Anne Scott-James sets out the principles of the design: "a garden of formal structure, of a private and secret nature, truly English in character, and plant[ed] with romantic profusion". As gardeners and landscapers, both Sackville-West and Nicolson were amateurs. Nicolson largely undertook the design and Sackville-West the planting. The landscape is designed as a series of "garden rooms", each with a different character of colour or theme, the enclosures being high clipped hedges and pink brick walls. The rooms and "doors" are so arranged as to offer glimpses into other parts of the garden. Sackville-West described the overall design: "a combination of long axial walks, usually with terminal points, and the more intimate surprise of small geometrical gardens opening off them, rather as the rooms of an enormous house would open off the corridors". Nicolson considered the garden's success was down to this "succession of privacies: the forecourt, the first arch, the main court, the tower arch, the lawn, the orchard. All a series of escapes from the world, giving the impression of cumulative escape". In the White Garden and along some paths in other gardens, the flower beds were set off from the paths by closely clipped low square hedges of box. Sackville-West's planting philosophy is summed up in the advice from one of her gardening columns in the Observer: "Cram, cram, cram, every chink and cranny". Gardener Sarah Raven (Adam Nicolson's wife) notes the use of the vertical dimension, as well as horizontal paths, in her planting. Assisted by the number of walls still standing from the Tudor manor, and constructing more of her own, Sackville-West remarked "I see we are going to have heaps of wall space for climbing things."Old roses formed the centrepiece of the planting, and their history appealed to her as much as their appearance did: "there is nothing scrimpy or stingy about them. They have a generosity which is as desirable in plants as in people", and ultimately around 200 varieties were grown at Sissinghurst. Question: What is the full name of the gardener that was married to the man who was behind the design of the gardens?
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task. Given a story, answer the question about the story. The question is the last sentence in the input. The story has one of the three following scenarios: the first is when the individual's belief matches reality, the second is when the individual's belief does not match reality, and the third is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. The question will ask about the location of an object in the story with respect to either none or one of the three scenarios. Note that there are distractor sentences in each story that are unrelated to the question and are designed to confuse the reader. Isabella entered the hall. Olivia entered the hall. Phone rang. The apple is in the blue_treasure_chest. Olivia exited the hall. Isabella moved the apple to the green_basket. Where does Isabella think that Olivia searches for the apple? Solution: blue_treasure_chest Why? Since Olivia was no longer in the hall, she last remembers the apple being in the blue_treasure_chest even though Isabella moved it to the green_basket. Since Isabella was in the hall the entire time, she knows where Olivia will look for it. New input: Owen entered the living_room. Mia entered the living_room. The carrot is in the red_bottle. Mia exited the living_room. Owen moved the carrot to the blue_treasure_chest. Owen exited the living_room. Phone rang. Mia entered the living_room. Where does Owen think that Mia searches for the carrot? Solution:
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Detailed Instructions: In this task, you need to generate an appropriate title for the given summary of some paragraph. The generated title must be short and should include the main topic of the given text. Your summary should be less than 20 words long. Q: Cuts in mental health services for children in England amount to a national crisis with tragic consequences, a charity has said. A:
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In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False". One example is below. Q: Paragraph: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic originating from China in 2002 was caused by a previously uncharacterized coronavirus that could be identified by specific RT-PCR amplification. Efforts to control future SARS outbreaks depend on the accurate and early identification of SARS-CoV infected patients. A real-time fluorogenic RT-PCR assay based on the 3 -noncoding region (3 -NCR) of SARS-CoV genome was developed as a quantitative SARS diagnostic tool. The ideal amplification efficiency of a sensitive SARS-CoV RT-PCR assay should yield an E value (PCR product concentration increase per amplification cycle) equal to 2.0. It was demonstrated that the 3 -NCR SARS-CoV based RT-PCR reactions could be formulated to reach excellent E values of 1.81, or 91% amplification efficacy. The SARS-CoV cDNA preparations derived from viral RNA extract and the cloned recombinant plasmid both exhibit the identical amplification characteristics, i.e. amplification efficacy using the same PCR formulation developed in this study. The viral genomic copy (or genomic equivalences, GE) per infectious unit (GE/pfu) of SARS-CoV used in this study was also established to be approximate 1200-1600:1. The assay's detection sensitivity could reach 0.005 pfu or 6-8 GE per assay. It was preliminarily demonstrated that the assay could efficiently detect SARS-CoV from clinical specimens of SARS probable and suspected patients identified in Taiwan. The 3 -NCR based SARS-CoV assay demonstrated 100% diagnostic specificity testing samples of patients with acute respiratory disease from a non-SARS epidemic region. Title: Development and evaluation of an efficient 3 -noncoding region-based SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RT-PCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV A: True Rationale: The answer is true because the title of the paragraph is correct where it described the development of 3 -noncoding region of SARS-CoV genome and assay efficiently detecting SARS-CoV from clinical specimens. Q: Paragraph: Biochar, that is, carbonized biomass similar to charcoal, has been used in acute medical treatment of animals for many centuries. Since 2010, livestock farmers increasingly use biochar as a regular feed supplement to improve animal health, increase nutrient intake efficiency and thus productivity. As biochar gets enriched with nitrogen-rich organic compounds during the digestion process, the excreted biochar-manure becomes a more valuable organic fertilizer causing lower nutrient losses and greenhouse gas emissions during storage and soil application. Scientists only recently started to investigate the mechanisms of biochar in the different stages of animal digestion and thus most published results on biochar feeding are based so far on empirical studies. This review summarizes the state of knowledge up to the year 2019 by evaluating 112 relevant scientific publications on the topic to derive initial insights, discuss potential mechanisms behind observations and identify important knowledge gaps and future research needs. The literature analysis shows that in most studies and for all investigated farm animal species, positive effects on different parameters such as toxin adsorption, digestion, blood values, feed efficiency, meat quality and/or greenhouse gas emissions could be found when biochar was added to feed. A considerable number of studies provided statistically non-significant results, though tendencies were mostly positive. Rare negative effects were identified in regard to the immobilization of liposoluble feed ingredients (e.g., vitamin E or Carotenoids) which may limit long-term biochar feeding. We found that most of the studies did not systematically investigate biochar properties (which may vastly differ) and dosage, which is a major drawback for generalizing results. Our review demonstrates that the use of biochar as a feed additive has the potential to improve animal health, feed efficiency and livestock housing climate, to reduce nutrient losses and greenhouse gas emissions, and to increase the soil organic matter content and thus soil fertility when eventually applied to soil. In combination with other good practices, co-feeding of biochar may thus have the potential to improve the sustainability of animal husbandry. However, more systematic multi-disciplinary research is definitely needed to arrive at generalizable recommendations. Title: The use of biochar in animal feeding Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 A:
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In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a short summary for this text. The summary must include a situation which caused humor. The summary should be one or two sentences long. Q: Text: this literally just happened today. i had a hernia surgery scheduled for this morning to fix an inguinal hernia in my lower right abdomen. the pre-surgery stuff went fine, they wheeled me into the operating room and gave me the anaesthetic. i was out cold. next thing i know i wake up in the recover room and the first thing i ask the nurse is "why does my penis hurt so bad?" she replies "mr maloney there's been some trauma to your penis" this set off alarm bells in my still anaesthetized brain, as being told you endured penis trauma is the last thing you want to hear after surgery. the nurse told me that she would explain more once i was more awake and could understand what happened better. about 45 minutes later she comes in and i ask "so what happened with my penis?" she tells me that during the surgery they inserted a catheter to drain my bladder. when they tried to remove the catheter, it did not deflate properly. this resulted in the inflated catheter literally being ripped out of my urethra. the doctor compared it to giving birth to a marble through my penis. due to the ripped urethra, they had to insert another catheter to drain the blood from around my bladder. this resulted in additional urethra trauma. so here i am post op sitting on the hospital bed, thinking about my traumatized penis. this is when the nurse tells me "we need to have you pee before we can discharge you to make sure there are no blood clots in your urethra" and i think to myself 'how hard could it be?' so i drink a glass of water and painstakingly get up and walk to the bathroom in the recovery room. this is where i realize the extent of the damage to my urethra. not only is it damn near impossible to pee, when i do pee a whole lot of blood comes out and it feels like i'm trying to pass razor blades. i barely get anything out before i have to go lie down in bed in the recovery room again. the nurse then tells me my bladder is still too full and i'll have to try and pee again in a little while. a couple hours later i ask for a pee jug instead of having to walk to the bathroom. i manage to get enough blood and pee out that the nurse is satisfied and says that if the doctor clears me i can go home. speaking to the doctor on the phone he apologizes profusely, and says i'm probably not going to be able to pee right for a week or two. he says he'll prescribe me some medicine to help numb my penis and bladder when i pee. i'm at home now, completely dreading the next time i have to pee. A: went in for hernia surgery, left with a traumatized penis **** Q: Text: so i've been working in a lab this summer, which is all well and good, except i'm a student who lacks common sense. so today i was running some genotypes. so in order to genotype, you need to make a gel by mixing a couple chemicals (including a mutagen). this mixture then needs to be heated, poured out, and cooled in order to make the gel set. so i added a cap to mix the different chemicals more thoroughly. while heating up the mixture, i forgot to remove the cap, leading to me putting a bottle with a cap inside a microwave. as i heated it up, the gas expanded, and the glass shattered. the shattered glass then rattled around the microwave while i frantically shut it off. luckily it didn't penetrate the glass door of the microwave. i then had to deal with the shame of other people realizing what i did. A: i forgot to uncap a bottle before microwaving it, and it shattered. **** Q: Text: tifu by well not today yesterday but going viral on reddit. you see i decided that i was going to change start doing my work, working out and get better at programming. so i was setting up a schedule and then decide to do some research. so i go on reddit and make my way over to /r/getmotivated and was reading some quotes. i saw a quote from superman and read the comments and read something about an accident. so i went i wikipedia and started reading about him found out he was a quadriplegic whatever but then i saw this thing about robin williams in it and posted it on til and spent the rest of the day watching my karma and upvotes go up. great way to get motivated. A:
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Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence in the Gujarati language and your task is to convert Gujarati sentence into the English language. Problem:હેલ્મેટ અને ગોગલ્સમાં પહેરવામાં આવેલા એક માણસ પર મૂર્ખ સ્મિત હોય છે અને તેનો હાથ ઊભા કરે છે. Solution:
[ -0.32194021344184875, 0.7306182384490967, 0.4626622498035431, -1.0029853582382202, 0.11180765926837921, -0.8387115597724915, 0.7389627695083618, -0.2061166763305664, -0.013934474438428879, -0.8469535112380981, -1.0456783771514893, 0.8078477382659912, -0.5174350738525391, -0.47210693359375,...
You are given an open-domain question from an open movie database. Your task is to provide an answer to that question. Try to only include the answer. Do not put it in a sentence. Example Input: what does Shôta Sometani appear in? Example Output: Lesson of the Evil, Himizu, Sadako 3D Example Input: who is listed as director for Butterfly? Example Output: Matt Cimber Example Input: Béla Tarr was the director of which movies? Example Output:
[ -0.9041541218757629, 0.24621275067329407, -0.6841957569122314, -0.5249124765396118, -0.7642842531204224, 0.3358156085014343, 1.3310270309448242, -0.08531877398490906, 0.22111909091472626, -0.6668195724487305, -0.3000369071960449, 0.11496496945619583, -0.5162646770477295, 0.0761340707540512...
Definition: In this task, you are given a premise sentence. Your task is to write a new sentence by substituting the subject and object (i.e., the input's subject should be output's object and vice versa.). The generated sentence must be fluent and shouldn't change the voice (i.e., passive or active) of the input. Input: The bankers that the authors supported stopped the tourist . Output:
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Teacher: You are given a sentence in English. Your job is to translate the English sentence into Persian. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: In the southwestern part of Nigeria, the plant is known as Gbe'borun. Solution: در جنوب غرب نیجریه ، این گیاه به عنوان Gbe 'borun شناخته می ‌ شود. Reason: The English sentence is correctly translated into Farsi, because the meaning is preserved. Now, solve this instance: The third multipotentialite superpower is adaptability; that is, the ability to morph into whatever you need to be in a given situation. Student:
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Definition: In this task, you are given a passage and a question regarding that passage. You must determine whether or not the question is answerable from the given passage. If a question is answerable, output should be 'True', otherwise 'False'. You must not consider any other information that is not provided in the passage while labelling True or False. Input: Passage: French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562 calling it the River of May because he discovered it in May. Ribault erected a stone column near present-day Jacksonville claiming the newly discovered land for France. In 1564, René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the first European settlement, Fort Caroline, on the St. Johns near the main village of the Saturiwa. Philip II of Spain ordered Pedro Menéndez de Avilés to protect the interest of Spain by attacking the French presence at Fort Caroline. On September 20, 1565, a Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline, and killed nearly all the French soldiers defending it. The Spanish renamed the fort San Mateo, and following the ejection of the French, St. Augustine's position as the most important settlement in Florida was solidified. The location of Fort Caroline is subject to debate but a reconstruction of the fort was established on the St. Johns River in 1964. Question: Who led the attack of the French colony in 1565? Output:
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Definition: In this task you will be given a claim and a perspective. You should determine whether that perspective supports or undermines the claim. If the perspective could possibly convince someone with different view, it is supporting, otherwise it is undermining. Input: claim: Everyone Should Automatically Be Opted into an Organ Donation Scheme. perspective: What if your loved-one was a recipient? Output:
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In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to collate all the alphabetical elements at the start of the list followed by all the numerical elements of the list. Maintain the order in which the alphabetical elements appear in the given input list, and do the same for the numerical elements. ['f', 'T', 'u', '2001', '707', '4653', '7771', 'r', '4065', '2851', 'a', 'A', 'n', '7753', '4291'] f, T, u, r, a, A, n, 2001, 707, 4653, 7771, 4065, 2851, 7753, 4291 ['G', '3005', '3449', '9811', 'V', '3289', '7909', 'J', '1573', 'p', '511', 'v', 'c', '2683', '7415', 'T', 'M', '133', '9175', '43', 'N', 'O', '5191', 'U', 'g', 'M', '13', '2993', '3727', 'i', 'z', 'b', '5811', '5159'] G, V, J, p, v, c, T, M, N, O, U, g, M, i, z, b, 3005, 3449, 9811, 3289, 7909, 1573, 511, 2683, 7415, 133, 9175, 43, 5191, 13, 2993, 3727, 5811, 5159 ['2355', '6151', 'j', 'W', 'Q']
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Definition: In this task, you're given an open-domain question. Your task is to provide an answer to the given question. There is only one unique answer for each question. Your answer should be short, and refer to an entity, date, number, etc. Do not put your answer in the context of a sentence. Input: Who wrote rock and roll i gave you the best years of my life? Output:
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Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence from the Bible in English, and your task is to translate it into Persian. Problem:And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him. Solution:
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