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Indoor air quality
Fresh Solutions to a Stale Problem
Believe it or not, EPA studies show that the air inside most homes is at least 10 times more polluted than the air outside – even in the smoggiest of cities. Why?
Modern homes are built to be as airtight and energy efficient as possible, but even the most expensive home can trap stale air if it doesn’t have the right HVAC system.
Radon, CO2, mold and mildew can become trapped inside as well as gas-emitting chemicals like formaldehyde, which is used to make carpeting, drapes, furniture, household cleaners and building materials. Other indoor air quality pollutants can include pollen, viruses, dust and dust mites.
The polluted air circulates over and over, leading to sneezing, colds, flus, eye and throat irritation and outbreaks of allergies or asthma. Environmentalists even have a term for this problem: Indoor Air Quality or IAQ.
Ruud understands how important IAQ is to you and your family and we’re working to bring you energy-efficient products that improve the quality of your air. Your Ruud professional is ready to help you discover how a heating system installation will not only work best for your home but keep the air clean for your family.
Indoor Air Quality Influencers in Your Home
Electronic Air Cleaner
It collects dust and other particulates to keep the air your family breathes cleaner and healthier.
Ultra-violet lights are effective in controlling allergens caused by viruses, bacteria, yeast and mold that may be in the home. For years, UV Systems have been used in hospitals, water treatment facilities, food processing plants, and other places where the strictest standards of air quality must be met. Now, the same technology can be brought to your home and family.
Adding humidification will reduce energy costs and static electricity. Behind air conditioning, winter humidification is the second most requested feature in homes.
ERV & HRV System
The Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV) and Heat Recovery Ventilator (HRV) are fresh air exchange appliances. They take fresh air into a dwelling, clean and evenly circulate the fresh air and expel stale, polluted air while controlling humidity and minimizing heat loss. HRVs are primarily for cold northern climates, while ERVs are used in the middle and southern U.S.
Regardless of which room you are in, a programmable set-back thermostat provides year-round temperature control for total comfort.
ERV/HRV Wall Control
These ERV/HRV systems can be purchased with options including a dehumidistat and pollutant sensor.
Request an Estimate
Schedule your appointment to receive a free estimate today.
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It is essential to record the results of scouting in order to develop historical information, document patterns of pest activity, and track successes and failures. Records of pesticide use are required by Maryland regulations, but for IPM purposes should include additional information, such as monitoring records, weather records, cultural management logs, and pest response.
Best Management Practices
- Determine whether the corrective actions reduced or prevented pest populations, were economical, and minimized risks. Record and use this information when making similar decisions in the future.
- Observe and document turf conditions regularly (daily, weekly, or monthly, depending on the pest), noting which pests are present, so that informed decisions can be made regarding the damage they are causing and what control strategies are necessary.
Next: Pesticide Management
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What Are Open Public WiFi & Hotspot Risks
You find yourself bored riding the subway, queuing at the bank, or listening to a dull lecture at your university. And what do you do to make the time pass a bit quicker? You connect to an available public WiFi hotspot. Awesome, right?
Let’s talk about the risks of public WiFi and how using unsecured free WiFi can jeopardize your personal information and even cause you to lose data and be a victim to fraud and extortion. But, we will tell you how to stay safe on public WiFi. Including what steps you need to take to protect yourself.
What Are Public WiFi And Open Hotspot Risks?
The main problem with free public WiFi is that it doesn’t require any authentication for access. In other words, anyone can connect to free public WiFi. While that is why we all love using it, that is also the reason why it is so unsafe.
Hackers know that so many people use hotspots, which makes them an automatic goldmine for cybercriminals. For example, Man-In-The-Middle attacks are a common tactic used by hackers where they configure their devices to configure a signal similar to the one you would expect at a public place, for example, “Central library.”
When you connect to that network, you are unaware that you are connected straight to the hacker’s device. The hacker will be able to steal personal information such as passwords and credit card numbers, causing you major problems.
When you are using public networks, you risk that hackers can intercept your traffic. When the connection is encrypted, even if someone intercepts the data that goes to or from your device, all they will get is an encrypted code they won’t be able to use.
However, if you visit a website that doesn’t support encryption while connected to an open free WiFi, and someone intercepts the traffic using packet sniffers, they will get everything unencrypted. That means all of your information will be at their disposal.
Hotspots are a perfect place to spread malware infections too. Hackers will infect the network itself, which will then spread malware to connected devices.
The network can show popups asking you to update software or ads you see when browsing the web. Once you click those, your device gets infected with viruses, Trojans, or even ransomware. This is especially problematic if you have file sharing enabled when connecting to public WiFis.
How To Stay Protected When Using Public WiFi?
While it is a good idea not to use public WiFi if you don’t have to. We have to admit that having free Internet access is very convenient, especially when traveling.
The best thing you can do to protect yourself is to use an anti-virus that will protect you from all types of malware. TotalAV is regularly updated to keep you safe from all kinds of hacker and malware attacks on public WiFi hotspots,
What’s more, TotalAV has optional VPN (virtual private network) that will keep your internet traffic encrypted, even while using hotspots, enabling you to enjoy free Internet without any risk.VPN is not only great for added security, it also helps you unlock geo-restricted content, which will allow you to access any website no matter what your current location is.
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Emerson later came to see the American Civil War as a “revolution” that shared common ground with the European revolutions of 1848. Though they had likely met as early as 1835, in the fall of 1837, Emerson asked Thoreau, “Do you keep a journal?” The question went on to be a lifelong inspiration for Thoreau. Emerson’s own journal was published in 16 large volumes, in the definitive Harvard University Press edition issued between 1960 and 1982.
- The new study recently published in The Lancet medical journal was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
- In ethical decisions, the answer is almost never a “yes or no” or a “right or wrong” statement.
- The final wave, which mainly saw the refinement and expansion of earlier developments, emerged from the collaborative work between Egon Pearson and Jerzy Neyman in the 1930s.
- Beliefs, attitudes, and intentions toward nuclear energy before and after Chernobyl in a longitudinal within-subjects design .
- Al-Kindi also made the earliest known use of statistical inference, while he and later Arab cryptographers developed the early statistical methods for decoding encrypted messages.
Therefore, HCPs need not label expressed emotions directly as negative and need not consider these emotions as an expression of burden for the patient. To be able to respond carefully to the emotions expressed by patients, facilitators need advanced communications skills . The question whether HCPs who are already involved in patient care should also take up the role of facilitator set the facilitators thinking. Some indicated that it might be better if facilitators were a part of the medical team enabling them to be informed about the patients’ situation and to build on existing relationships. ‘I see this as a very good learning experience for myself as a health care professional.
It’s a research strategy that can help you enhance the validity and credibility of your findings. This method is often used to collect data from a large, geographically spread group of people in national surveys, for example. You take advantage of hierarchical groupings (e.g., from state to city to neighborhood) to create a sample that’s less expensive and time-consuming to collect data from.
Once you have identified a research question, you will have to select your units of analysis as part of the process of deciding on a research method and how you will operationalize that method. Let’s review the most common units of analysis and why a researcher might choose to study them. Spanning four undergraduate schools, Penn’s majors allow students to integrate their interests and approach learning from an interdisciplinary perspective.
In addition, it can be challenging to control the effects of time on the outcomes of the study. Between-subjects studies tend to have shorter sessions than within-subject ones. This study design is coined “ female head reference within-subjects” because conditions are compared within the same group of participants. A between-subjects design, on the other hand, is the opposite of a within-subjects design where the differences in conditions occur between the groups of subjects.
There is a wealth of images online which demonstrate how easy it would be to identify them as the shapes of nearby trees. This study reveals the distinct epigenomic features of ILC and IDC and the active TFs driving cancer progression that may provide valuable information on patient prognosis. We identified distinct patterns of genome-wide chromatin accessibility in ILC and IDC. Inferred patient-specific transcription factor motif activities revealed regulatory differences between and within ILC and IDC tumors. EGR1, RUNX3, TP63, STAT6, SOX family, and TEAD family TFs were higher in ILC, while ATF4, PBX3, SPDEF, PITX family, and FOX family TFs were higher in IDC.
The Salk Institute For Biological Studies:
The NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme, for example, now allows and encourages trial applications to include a SWAT up to the value of £10,000 within the main application . However, in order to minimise research waste, researchers should consider the five criteria suggested by Trial Forge on whether a retention intervention needs further evaluation before conducting a SWAT. Between November 2014 and November 2016, 1394 families were randomised to the host trial and SWAT (Fig.1) at 12 hospitals and four general practice sites in the UK. The sample size was bigger than originally planned due to a planned sample size review by the Trial Steering Committee . The interim analysis conducted in March 2017 for the prior SMS notification for questionnaires included 3239 observations from 1364 participants (713 participants who had reached the 12-month time point).
The findings can then be picked up by systematic reviewers and others who synthesise research evidence. The person doing the SWAT can facilitate this by, for example, contacting those who have done a relevant Cochrane Methodology Review , to let them know about the SWAT. This means that even if the SWAT is not published separately itself, its results can be incorporated into the review. Design of experiments, using blocking to reduce the influence of confounding variables, and randomized assignment of treatments to subjects to allow unbiased estimates of treatment effects and experimental error. At this stage, the experimenters and statisticians write the experimental protocol that will guide the performance of the experiment and which specifies the primary analysis of the experimental data. Statistics is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.
Another consideration is the number of events per variable considered for inclusion in the multivariable model. For logistic regression modelling the EPV should be at least ten times the number of potential prognostic variables that could be included in the model. As a consequence of this logic, our expected sample size of 800 individuals will, with reasonable confidence, allow us to create a multivariable model with up to 8 covariates simultaneously.
7 Study Timeline
For example, researchers at the University of California-San Francisco found through interviews with individual women who have had abortions that the vast majority of women do not ever regret the choice to terminate the pregnancy. Their findings prove that a common right-wing argument against access to abortion–that women will suffer undue emotional distress and regret if they have an abortion–is based on myth rather than fact. In sociology, the most common units of analysis are individuals, groups, social interactions, organizations and institutions, and social and cultural artifacts.
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How did it all begin?
“Necessity is the mother of invention”.
The United States entered a financial crisis in 2008 as a result of huge banks' willful gambling with their clients' money in high-risk endeavors. Blockchain was created in the wake of this upheaval, providing a crucial tool for changing a dysfunctional system. (1)
All digital currencies and NFTs are based on the blockchain, which may be thought of as their engine or system. Blockchain keeps track of every transaction in a way that makes changing, hacking, or gaming the system challenging, if not impossible.
Decentralization refers to the movement of control and decision-making from a centralized entity (person, organization, or group thereof) to a distributed network (group of people). This ground-breaking technology places the power in the hands of its users and demands responsibility and openness. (2)
Ethereum was the next step in the evolution of the blockchain. Another cryptocurrency that offers a flexible platform that enables the implementation of "smart contracts" is Ethereum. The digital assets associated with these smart contracts are code packets that guarantee each asset is individually identifiable, traceable, and verifiable. These agreements are generally impenetrable and uncopyable and can be used with anything digital.
WHAT ARE NFTs AND HOW DO THEY WORK?
NFTs (non-fungible tokens) appear to have exploded this year. These digital assets, some of which trade for millions of dollars, range from works of art and music to tacos and toilet paper.
But do NFTs live up to the buzz or the cost? Like the dot-com bubble or Beanie Babies, some experts believe they are a bubble that is about to burst. Others think NFTs are here to stay and will fundamentally alter investment. (3)
Digital assets called Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are used to represent things like artwork, collectibles, and in-game items. They are typically stored in smart contracts on a blockchain and exchanged online frequently with cryptocurrencies.
NFT is a non-fungible token. What does that mean?
The ability of an asset to be exchanged for another asset of a like-kind on an equal basis is referred to as fungibility. The US Dollar is a real-world illustration of a fungible asset; you may exchange one dollar for another knowing that it will always be worth the same amount, regardless of which dollar you have.
Non-fungible assets, in contrast to fungible ones, are valued differently based on their special qualities and scarcity. Baseball cards are one example of this, where each card is given a certain value based on its characteristics, such as its edition number, design, player, and rarity. Because each baseball card has a unique value and cannot be immediately exchanged for another baseball card, baseball cards are not fungible.
An NFT can be anything that can be transformed into a digital format. You can turn anything into an NFT, which can then be exchanged online using cryptocurrencies, including your drawings, pictures, films, GIFs, music, in-game stuff, selfies, and even tweets.
This groundbreaking technology that is shifting norms in every sector is a special piece of data stored on a blockchain that may be linked to both digital and physical items to show ownership incorruptible.
An NFT's data can be linked to digital photos, music, videos, avatars, and other content. They can also be utilized to grant an NFT owner access to a variety of tangible assets, including vehicles, yachts, and much more, as well as tickets to live or virtual events. (4)
In this approach, NFTs enable anyone to quickly verify the creation, purchase, and sale of goods using blockchain technology. However, keep in mind that when you purchase an NFT, you are not, unless specifically indicated, purchasing the copyright, intellectual property rights, or commercial rights to any underlying assets. (5)
The ERC-721 standard gave rise to NFTs. ERC-721 specifies the minimal interface—ownership information, security, and metadata—needed for the exchange and distribution of gaming tokens. It was created by some of the same individuals that created the ERC-20 smart contract.
The ERC-1155 standard expands on the idea by batching many non-fungible token types into a single contract and lowering the transaction and storage costs necessary for NFTs. (6)
NFTs have a variety of potential applications. For instance, they are the perfect means of digitally representing tangible things like real estate and art. NFTs, which are based on blockchains, can also be used for identity management or to cut out middlemen and link artists with audiences. NFTs have the ability to eliminate middlemen, streamline transactions, and open up new markets. (7)
Much of the present market for NFTs is oriented around collectibles, such as digital artwork, sports cards, and rarities. Perhaps the most touted location is NBA Top Shot, a place to gather non-fungible tokenized NBA moments in digital card form. These cards have sold for millions of dollars in some cases.
A tokenized version of the first tweet ever, which read "just setting up my twttr," was just shared by Twitter's (TWTR) Jack Dorsey. It is the first tweet ever sold for more than $2.9 million in NFT form. (8)
NFTs have been around since 2014, but they are just now becoming well-known since they are a more and more common way to acquire and trade digital art. Since November 2017, a startling $174 million has been spent on NFTs.
Although various blockchains have adopted their own NFT implementation, the majority of NFTs are, at a very high level, a component of the Ethereum blockchain. Like bitcoin or dogecoin, Ethereum is a cryptocurrency, but its blockchain also keeps account of who is owning and exchanging NFTs.
Simply said, when you list your NFT on a marketplace, you pay a "gas fee" (transaction cost) for the use of the Blockchain. Then, your digital artwork is recorded on the Blockchain, saying that you (your address) possess the specific NFT. You now have complete ownership, which nobody—not even the owner of the marketplace—can amend or change. (9)
Non-fungible tokens have distinctive qualities and are typically connected to a particular item. They can be used to demonstrate ownership of actual goods as well as digital items like gaming skins. (10)
How can you buy, create or sell an NFT?
An NFT can be purchased by anyone with a bitcoin wallet. The sole requirement to buy an NFT is that. No KYC documentation is required to buy an artwork. All you need is a Metamask-powered cryptocurrency wallet and a marketplace for buying and selling NFTs.
The procedure of producing and selling NFTs is actually quite straightforward. It operates as follows: A person (or business) chooses a special asset to sell as an NFT. Minting is a procedure where the object is added to a blockchain that supports NFTs.
Now the item is represented by the NFT on the blockchain, and ownership proof is confirmed in an unchangeable record. The NFT can be purchased, sold, and exchanged utilizing NFT marketplaces and auctions, or it can be retained as a part of a private collection.
With the right tools and assistance, non-fungible tokens can likewise be generated on other blockchains that support smart contracts. Despite the fact that Ethereum was the first to become extensively used, the ecosystem is growing and now supports NFTs on blockchains like Solana, NEO, Tezos, EOS, Flow, Secret Network, and TRON. (11)
Numerous NFT markets, including as OpenSea, Rarible, and SuperRare, provide non-fungible tokens for sale.
The largest NFT marketplace is OpenSea.io, where you can find digital art, collectibles like gaming items, domain names, and even virtual versions of real things. The site, which has millions of digital assets arranged into hundreds of categories, is essentially an eBay for NFTs.
Rarible is one of the biggest NFT marketplaces and is quite similar to OpenSea in that it allows artists and producers to issue and sell NFTs.
Foundation is another platform where users will require "upvotes" from other creators in order to post their work on this particular NFT marketplace. A 24-hour auction countdown begins after the first bid is put on NFTs that artists have listed for auction at a reserve price. The auction is extended for an additional 15 minutes if a bid is submitted within the previous 15 minutes. (12)
Here's how to use Rarible to get into the marketplace. First, go to the Rarible website and select the "Connect" button in the upper right corner. Choose the wallet you want to link to the platform from here, then log in. Before you can log in, you must agree to the terms of service.
Search the platform for the NFT you want to buy after logging in. Click the "Buy now" button when you've decided on the NFT you want to buy. You will be prompted to double-check the order's information in a confirmation window that appears.
To proceed to the next stage, click the "Proceed to payment" option if you are happy to proceed.
After then, a window from the wallet you have chosen will appear and ask you to confirm the transaction. Once more, if you agree to proceed, just confirm the transaction and it will be carried out.
Your NFT will be deposited immediately to your Ethereum address and become your property once it has been validated. (13)
So how are NFTs useful?
Recently, the demand for NFT paintings has skyrocketed. But there is still a great deal of doubt. Since digital files are typically associated with NFTs. What distinguishes owning such an NFT from taking a screenshot of a picture? What does "evidence of ownership" actually mean? Here are a few of the key justifications for why people own NFTs to aid in your decision.
Making money with NFTs is not limited to the arts. To generate money for charity, companies like Taco Bell and Charmin have auctioned off themed NFT artwork. With the highest bids coming in at 1.5 wrapped ether (WETH), which is now equivalent to $3,723.83 at the time of writing, Taco Bell's NFT art sold out in minutes after Charmin branded its offering "NFTP" (non-fungible toilet paper). (14)
A 1952 Mickey Mantle rookie card sold for $5.2 million despite having only cost less than 5 cents to produce. This occurred as a result of the card's heritage, scarcity, and cultural significance. In many respects, NFTs are this in the digital era. NFTs provide a special possibility that has never before been available outside of the conventional collectibles and art markets for people who desire to amass a collection of digital goods.
It supports creativity
Creators are frequently coerced into signing agreements that are against their best interests by publishers, producers, and auction houses. NFTs enable artists to independently mint and sell their creations while retaining ownership of intellectual property and creative control. Additionally, any subsequent sales of an artist's work are eligible for royalties.
Some NFT owners merely desire an asset with a rising value. Some collectors approach NFTs similarly to traditional art in this regard: as an investment. Need proof? Beeple, a well-known American digital artist, Mike Winkelmann, sold his Everyday: The First 5000 Days composite at Christie's in March 2021 for $69 million.
NFT Ownership is a part of a community as well. Owning an NFT is a matter of identification for many collectors.
Additionally, several creators have developed thriving communities out of their NFT initiatives. The Bored Ape Yacht Club is arguably the best illustration of NFT project-related community building. Collectors have access to a members-only discord, special goods, a say in the project's destiny, passes to online meetups, and more.
Wondering which are the best NFTs to buy right now?
Here is a quick rundown about the NFT marketplace and what is worth buying.
One of the earliest NFT initiatives is the profile photo (PFP) series CryptoPunks, which dates back to 2017. The 10,000 24x24 pixel art images in the CryptoPunks collection by development company Larva Labs feature "punks" with randomized characteristics, such as gender, headgear, and eyewear.
Similar to CryptoPunks, Bored Ape Yacht Club is a collection of NFT avatars, with the exception that these apes are bored-looking. Like CryptoPunks, there are 10,000 of them, each with a unique set of characteristics, and a vibrant community has developed around them.
Since last year, a growing number of famous people—including Eminem, Snoop Dogg, and Stephen Curry—have joined this exclusive club, making it even more exclusive. Yuga Labs, the company that created Bored Ape Yacht Club, has obtained Hollywood representation, similar to CryptoPunks' Larva Labs, with the goal of expanding the brand into film, television, and other entertainment mediums.
NFTs are anticipated to play a significant role in the metaverse, a shared, persistent virtual environment where users can communicate as 3D avatars. More businesses are anticipated to follow in the footsteps of firms like Meta (previously Facebook), Adidas, Nike, and Samsung, who have all entered the metaverse.
Overall, I personally think and truly believe that buying and trading NFTs is a great investment. In the future, the world will most likely be in the digital era completely and assets with sole decentralized ownership will be a big deal.
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The fight-or-flight response
Today’s threats and demands are diverse and can last for long periods of time. The pressures of being a student, managing finances, dealing with conflict in your personal life or as part of your job, and raising a family are just a few of the many long-lasting, stress-provoking situations people face today. The body responds to these demands the same way it did when our ancestors faced a predator. However, staying in a heightened state of stimulation contributes to health problems.
The fight-or-flight (stress) response stimulates your body and prepares it to deal with danger. The response increases some of your body's processes including:
- heart rate
- breathing rate
- muscle tension
- blood pressure
- insulin secretion
- blood flow to the brain, lungs, heart and muscles
- blood clotting
The fight-or-flight response also decreases some of your body's processes including:
- blood flow to the kidneys, digestive tract and skin
- interest in sex
- tissue repair
- immune system response
This state of stimulation contributes to physical and mental health problems, especially when stress is experienced for prolonged periods of time.
- The Stress Management Society has a brief description of the fight-or-flight response.
- Videos that describe the fight-or-flight response include Emotional Arousal: The Fight or Flight Reaction, The Stress Response — Fight or Flight and the Fight or Flight clip.
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Chinese Immigration Laws and Treaties
As early as 1862 the Pacific Coast States and cities attempted to restrict Chinese immigration, but their regulations were declared unconstitutional. Recourse was then had to the Federal Government.
The first treaty in which emigration from China to the United States was considered was the Burlingame treaty, proclaimed July 28, 1868. Sections 5 and 6 of that treaty state the position of the United States respecting the rights of Chinese in this country.
The inherent and inalienable right of man to change his home and allegiance, and also the mutual advantage of the free migration and emigration of their citizens and subjects, respectively, from the one country to the other, for the purpose of curiosity or trade, or as permanent residents, were recognized, but "any other than an entirely voluntary emigration" was reprobated.
Unpopular in the Pacific States
The attitude of the United States as expressed in this treaty was not popular in the Pacific States, however, and these States continued their efforts to secure legislation restricting the further immigration of the Chinese.
In 1872 the legislature of California had instructed their Representatives in Congress to urge the making of a new treaty with China providing for the exclusion of certain Chinese subjects, and continued agitation finally resulted in the enactment of the law of March 3, 1875.
Immigration Act of 1875
Besides prohibiting the importation of women, especially Chinese women, for the purpose of prostitution, and the immigration of convicts, the principal provision of the act of 1875 was that the transporting into the United States of residents of China, Japan, or any oriental country, without their free and voluntary consent, for the purpose of holding them to a term of service, was to be punished by imprisonment for not more than one year and by a fine not exceeding $2,000.
It further provided that any person attempting to contract in this manner to supply coolie labor to another should be guilty of a felony and imprisoned for not more than one year and pay a fine of not more than $5,000.
1880 Treaty Negotiated
On November 17, 1880, a treaty somewhat more satisfactory to the Pacific coast was negotiated, the article relating to the limitation and suspension of Chinese immigration into the United States being as follows:
Whenever in the opinion of the Government of the United States the coming of Chinese laborers to the United States, or their residence therein, affects or threatens to affect the interests of that country, or to endanger the good order of said country, or of any locality within the territory thereof, the Government of China agrees that the Government of the United States may regulate, limit or suspend such coming or residence, but may not absolutely prohibit it.
The limitation of suspension shall be reasonable, and shall apply only to Chinese who may go to the United States as laborers, other classes not being included in the limitations.
Legislation taken in regard to Chinese laborers will be of such a character only as is necessary to enforce the regulation, limitation, or suspension of immigration, and immigrants shall not be subject to personal maltreatment or abuse.
Beyond the Treaty of 1880
After the treaty of 1880 was concluded, a bill to execute certain stipulations contained therein was passed by the Senate and House. As this bill went to the President for approval it provided that within ninety days after its passage, and until twenty years thereafter, the coming of Chinese laborers should be suspended.
Exception was made to Chinese laborers who were in the United States on November 17, 1880, and those who should come before the act went into effect. Also, a complete system of registration, certification and identification was provided.
Skilled Chinese laborers were specifically among those excluded, and all State or United States courts were denied the right to admit Chinese to citizenship.
President Arthur Vetos Bill
On April 4, 1882, President Arthur returned the bill with his veto, his principal reason for refusing to sign it being that the passage of an act prohibiting immigration for twenty years was an unreasonable suspension of immigration, and consequently a breach of the treaty.
The features relating to registration he also claimed served no good purpose. Subsequently, a modified bill was passed by Congress, and, although containing some of the provisions objectionable to the President, he approved it on May 6, 1882.
Passage of Revised Law
This law provided that all immigration of Chinese laborers, skilled or unskiIIed, should be suspended for a period of ten years.
During the next Congress to prevent evasions of the law through the "possible interpretations of words 'merchants' and 'travelers,' together with the notorious capabilities of the lower classes of Chinese for perjury," the certificates of the exempt classes were made more elaborate and the word "merchant" was defined to exclude hucksters, peddlers, and fishermen.
The certificates were made the only evidence admissible to establish a right to reenter. These certificates also had to be verified by the United States diplomatic officer at the port of departure. This act was approved by the President.
China Proposes Emigration of Laborers Prohibition
In 1886, China of her own accord proposed to prohibit the emigration of her laborers to the United States, and also to prohibit the return of any laborers who had gone back to China. She asked that negotiations be entered into for a treaty embodying such provisions. Such a treaty was agreed to and signed by the representatives of the two countries on March 12, 1888.
The treaty as signed provided that Chinese laborers should be excluded for twenty years. No Chinese laborer returning to China was to be allowed to reenter the United States unless he left a wife, child, or parent, or property to the value of $1,000. To avail himself of this right he had to return within a year.
Chinese subjects other than laborers had to obtain certificates of identification from consular representatives of the United States at ports of departure.
As in the earlier treaty, the Chinese lawfully residing here were granted all the privileges of citizens of the most-favored nations. Finally, the indemnity fund of $276,619.75, which was asked for losses and injuries suffered by the Chinese in various anti-Chinese riots in the Pacific coast States was included.
Before ratifying it the Senate changed two articles of the treaty. By the first, all Chinese laborers not then in the United States, but who held return certificates under existing laws, were not to be allowed to enter. The other required the possession of the certificate of identification to insure entry.
No ratification of the treaty followed, however, and on receipt of unofficial reports that China had rejected it, Congress passed a bill prohibiting the coming to the United States of Chinese laborers.
President Cleveland Signs New Bill
President Cleveland withheld his approval of the bill for some time, but finally, on the refusal of China to ratify the treaty unless the term of years was made shorter, and other conditions were changed, on October I, 1888, he signed it.
In his message accompanying the approval President Cleveland justified his action, claiming that China's delay was a breach of the existing treaty, and such a breach as justified Congress in legislatively dealing with the matter.
On December 10, 1891, Senator Dolph, of Oregon, secured the passage of a bill providing that the act of May 6, 1882, should be continued in force for another ten years. By its terms, all existing laws were continued in force for ten years.
All Chinese laborers within the United States were required to secure certificates within one year, and if any was found without such certificate he was to be liable to deportation.
Shortly after the passage of these acts China asked for the opening of negotiations looking to a new treaty. Negotiations were successful, and on December 8, 1894, a treaty was proclaimed. This provided for the exclusion of all Chinese laborers for a term of ten years.
Those going back to China were allowed to return here, providing they had a wife, child, or parent, or property worth $1,000 somewhere in the United States. Registration was still required.
It practically covered the same grounds as existing legislation, except that the act of October I, 1888, refusing to Chinese laborers the right to return, was repealed.
Annexation of Hawaii
After the annexation of Hawaii on July 7, 1898, Chinese immigration to these islands was declared to be regulated by the laws of the United States. On April 30, 1900, provision was made· for the registering of all the Chinese in these islands, and Chinese living there were forbidden to enter the United States.
Jeremiah W. Jenks, Ph.D., LL.D. and W. Jett Lauck, A.B., "Chinese Immigration Laws and Treaties" In The Immigration Problem, New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1912, P. 314-319.
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1) Selecting plants that are behaved and relatively short (under 3ft). This means doing research, as plants can spread / grow differently based on soil type, moisture levels, and levels of plant competition. This is one reason gardening by ecoregion vs. hardiness zone is a good idea.
2) Planting in drifts and masses. The larger the bed, the larger the masses and drifts. And you can do this in layers (ground, mid height, architectural).
3) Limiting blooms. In a smaller garden (under 1,000ft), having no more than 3 plants in bloom at any one time may show more control and less visual cacophony.
4) Employing a monochromatic base layer. This green mulch / matrix not only replaces annual wood mulch applications while fighting weeds and conserving soil moisture, it helps tie the landscape together and make it more legible. Consider how lawns do this.
5) Plan for winter interest. Many of our native grasses and herbaceous perennials carry much structural and textural interest deep into winter. Using the same principles as #2 above, we can hit two birds with one stones (please leave birds alone -- their numbers are falling fast).
Of course, every site requires nuance with the above points, so they are not hard and fast rules but more like core guidelines. And when we use native plant communities we increase ecological function, especially wildlife habitat.
If you want to learn more, try our online class "Fundamentals of Garden Layers." We'll dive into the above even further in Benjamin's new book Prairie Up: An Introduction to Natural Garden Design (spring 2022).
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Chemistry and Biochemistry
Open-ended assessments, defined as assessments with a large set of possible correct answers, by nature lend themselves to concerns regarding accurate and consistent grading. This article describes one particular open-ended assessment, named Creative Exercises (CE), designed for promoting students' interconnection of concepts in a college general chemistry setting. The article presents evidence concerning several aspects of validity, including the extent scores represent chemistry knowledge and the extent scoring is consistent across three graders. The evidence is also presented in the context of what is known about concept maps, a commonly employed open-ended assessment in chemistry. Implications for the administration of CEs and the appropriateness of measuring students' hierarchical organization of knowledge are also discussed as a result of this comparison.
Chemistry Education Research and Practice
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Chemistry Commons, Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Science and Mathematics Education Commons
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According to the World Health Organization ( WHO), 5% of adults and 5.7 % of adults older than 60 suffer from depression. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 9.4 % of Children, about 2.7 million (age 3 – 17), suffer from anxiety, and about 4.4 % of children (age 3-17) have been diagnosed with depression.
This isn’t about numbers and facts about depression because, apart from these, many people are silent about being depressed. It is not easy to share about being depressed or having mental health issues.
Because our society has developed a certain stigma around mental health issues, it believes that mental health is not severe and just a choice to be happy or sad. Because of this, people don’t feel safe opening up about their problems.
The first thing required is awareness of different myths and facts about depression. People are unaware of the issues of depression and still have their heads wrapped around certain myths. There are many interesting facts about depression that you need to learn.
Let’s first understand what depression is.
According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), depression is a common and severe illness among adults and children. Depression negatively affects a person’s feelings and daily activities. Depression can be a leading cause of emotional and physical problems.
But fortunately, depression is treatable. Different mental health exercises help with dealing with depression. Professional therapists and psychiatrists can also help you overcome depression when it becomes a severe issue. Properly understanding the myths and facts about depression is important.
13 Myths and Facts about depression
1. Depression Isn’t Real
Myth: The first of depression myths and facts is some people believe that depression is not an actual condition. Depression is just about being sad and doesn’t need any treatment.
Fact: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Health Disorders (DSM) is the guideline to diagnose any mental health illness by a professional therapist or psychiatrist. American Psychiatric Association released DSM – 5. According to the manual, to be diagnosed with depression, the symptoms should prevail for more than two weeks and adversely affect a person’s emotions and actions.
Thus depression is an actual condition that needs to be treated so that its symptoms don’t get adverse over time.
2. Only Trauma Can Cause Depression
Myth: It is a common belief that only a person who has experienced trauma will undergo depression.
Fact: Trauma is one of the factors of depression. There can be many other reasons that can lead to depression. A combination of many factors can lead to depression.
Depression can result from childhood experiences, mental health problems, physical health problems, recreational drugs and alcohol, and problems related to livelihood.
3. Depression Is Just A Part Of Life
Myth: The third one in depression myths and facts is some people believe that depression is just a part of growing up. They link depression to irritability or oversleeping, which is seen during adolescence, and thus they deny the concept of depression and instead blame it on the age factor.
Fact: According to the National Institute Of Mental Health (NIMH), depression facts and statistics, an estimated 21.0 million Adolescents in the U.S. have had one depressive episode.
Depression is not a biological sign that every adolescent experiences while growing up. Instead, if someone is constantly feeling sad, upset, or irritated, they may talk to any mental health professional to see if they are undergoing depression.
4. Only Females Have Depression
Myth: It is believed by people that men cannot be depressed. Men are supposed to be strong, and depression is a sign of weakness and is generally shown by women.
Fact: Men also experience depression.
Though the percentage of women experiencing depression is indeed more, they experience postpartum depression, which causes extreme episodes of feeling sad and exhausted that they can’t take care of themselves or their babies.
Similarly, men also experience depression; the worst part is that they don’t express it. These societal stereotypes have made it hard for them to accept that they are undergoing depression.
Men also experience irritation, anxiousness, and restlessness due to different factors in their life.
If these symptoms persist for longer, they should consult a doctor.
5. Keeping Oneself Busy Is a Cure For Depression.
Myth: Another one in depression facts and myths is if someone sits idle, then they develop depression because of negative thoughts that keep coming in. Keeping yourself occupied will help cure depression, as one will be distracted from their negative feelings.
Fact: Spending time with family and friends can help in managing depression. Just by being busy, one cannot cure depression. One can focus on suitable activities that might help them mentally, like hobbies or anything they love. This is known as cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy helps one manage mental health issues by changing their thought process and behavior. This therapy includes exercises that help stimulate the brain and fight mental disorders.
6. Depression Develops At A Certain Age
Myth: It is believed that older people experience depression more than children or adolescents. This belief has developed because maximum people have their episodes of depression around the age of 20 to 30.
Fact: Depression is not selective to age. Even if it is common in ages 20 to 30, children and adolescents also experience depression. Depression is not an age-related factor. Not all people who are old experience depression. If they are experiencing some severe health issues, they might experience depression.
It is irrelevant what one’s age is; if someone believes that they are experiencing symptoms of depression, they can consult a doctor.
7. Talking About Depression Makes It Worse
Myth: It is a prevailing belief that talking about your feelings will make it worse. So if someone is depressed, they should try to forget it rather than talk about it.
Fact: Sharing emotions is a necessity for someone who is depressed. It will help them understand their feelings better, and others will be able to help them through their journey. Talk Therapy is a part of curing depression.
It is hard to share your feelings and discuss why you are depressed, which is normal. You can only share feelings with someone trustworthy and will not judge you. So take your time until you can come forward and talk about your feelings.
Also Read: What You Need To Know About Dating Someone With Depression.
8. Herbal Supplements Can Treat Depression
Myth: Some believe combining herbal supplements with antidepressants will treat depression.
Fact: Combining medications can be risky and cause serious health issues. Though there are some medications like omega – 3 fatty acids, there is no conclusive proof that they completely cure depression but can reduce the effects of depression. So if someone wants to mix medications, they should consult a health professional.
9. Depression Means Feeling Sad
Myth: When people hear depression, they deduct it with being sad. So a person who is depressed is just sad.
Fact: Depression is not just being sad. There can be several other emotions that can lead to depression. A person who is depressed can feel sad, stressed, hopeless, irritated, frustrated, tired, and anxious. These emotions are more than just being sad. The feelings which develop during depression can prevail for a very long time.
Also Read: Gift Ideas For Your Friend Having Depression On This Friendship Day
10. Depression Is Always Hereditary
Myth: Depression is hereditary. If your parents have depression, you are likely to be depressed.
Fact: The tenth one in depression myths and facts is it can’t always be hereditary. There is a chance that one might develop depression if it runs in the family.
According to the Stanford School Of Law, depression facts and statistics, ten percent of Americans experience clinical depression at some point. This depression is likely to be shared by siblings and children.
Sometimes spending time with a parent who suffers from depression may also be a factor in depression in their children. This cannot be said of hereditary depression.
11. Depression Is Not a Serious Issue
Myth: Some people say that depression is not a severe issue. It is just what one thinks in their mind. If someone wants to get out of depression, they can easily do it. There are no adverse effects of depression.
Fact: Any kind of mental health issue is a serious issue. If someone is suffering from severe depression and is not taken care of, they might start substance abuse, can no longer stay happy, lose weight and even have suicidal thoughts. So someone experiencing depression should start taking professional help because mental health issues are serious.
Also read: The Advantages Of Yoga For Depression
12. Children Cannot Be Depressed
Myth: Children cannot experience depression because they can’t think about what’s good or bad for them.
Fact: Depression is not selective; anyone can experience depression. Children have different ways of displaying symptoms of depression. A child who is constantly sad and has difficulty engaging with others may be experiencing depression. Consulting a mental health professional as soon as possible is the best step to help clear out all depression myths and facts.
13. Depression Is The Same For Everyone
Myth: Some people believe that depression is the same for everyone.
Fact: The final one in depression myths and facts about depression is that it is not the same for everyone. All people show emotions differently. A person who is depressed might not show any symptoms or show serious feelings and signs.
So while dealing with depression, one should understand that response to a mental health issue varies; thus, different people undergo different treatments.
These were some of the depression myths and facts. The main thing that is becoming an issue is the lack of awareness of mental health issues. Some people know nothing about many mental health issues, which is the root cause of all the myths. These myths become a difficulty for people who are undergoing mental health issues. If you want more information about depression and its effects, click here.
So if you want to understand what depression is, try researching facts about depression rather than sticking to societal stereotypes. Many platforms help you understand different mental health issues and how to deal with them.
Our website, Your Mental Health Pal, will guide you through different categories of mental health issues, including interesting facts about depression and how to deal with it.
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Alphonse Mucha's Le Pater: Forgive Us Our Trespasses (Prayer Plate), 1899
Stone lithograph mandala plate of Forgive Us Our Trespasses As We Forgive Those Who Trespass Against Us from Alphonse Mucha’s masterpiece of mysticism, Le Pater. Mucha considered Le Pater and the murals for The Slav Epic his masterworks. In The Sun newspaper of January 5, 1900 Mucha called this the work that he "had put (his) soul into."
Printed by F. Champenois, published by Henri Piazza in Paris in an edition of 510, 1899. Paper measures 11 13/16 x 15 5/8 inches. This piece arrives accompanied by a certificate of authenticity and a dossier containing extensive academic information about the artist and this artwork.
“Le Pater is the perfect convergence of three important movements at the close of the 19th century: Art Nouveau, Mysticism, and Religion. Art Nouveau, through its respect and honor of Nature, promotes the idea of a spirit of energy coursing through all things–a tenet of Mysticism–that finds foundation in the traditions of Mucha's personal relationship with the imagery of Religion. Le Pater gave Mucha a venue to communicate his beliefs specifically through his unique approach to Art and the coded language he had been learning through his devotion to Masonic teachings. He combined the aesthetics of Medieval manuscripts with Moorish arabesques, Byzantine mandalas, and Classical Renaissance melodrama to create a body of work that guided viewers across the gap between the ancient and the modern.
The published plates for Le Pater were struck by Champenois on December 20, 1899 in an edition of 510 copies with the express agreement that they never be reprinted. As much of Mucha's work had been commercialized by Champenois due to numerous printings across multiple mediums, by this point he felt he had earned the right to insist on this deeply personal work existing only in the original release he had envisioned.
The title page, prayer plates, and illuminated manuscript pages were printed using stone lithography, a laborious and resource-intensive process. The Studio magazine mentioned seven stones as being excessive for creating a lithographic poster (Toulouse-Lautrec would commonly use as few as four); Mucha used as many as twelve stones to create the variations in shading and gilding in Le Pater. Adding another level of luxury and dimension, the cover and title page incorporate a letterpress technique, and the allegorical scenes were printed using a highly sophisticated and detailed engraving process which appears to have photomechanical origins.”
- Quoted from Thomas Negovan’s Le Pater: Alphonse Mucha's Symbolist Masterpiece and the Lineage of Mysticism (2019)
Notable museum collections include: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (478)
Notable museum collections featuring works by Alphonse Mucha include: Musée d'Orsay, Paris; Louvre Museum Graphic Art Database, Paris; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City; Museum of Modern Art, New York City; Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Mucha Museum, Prague, Czech Republic; and more.
To purchase our deluxe expanded hardcover book "Le Pater: Alphonse Mucha's Symbolist Masterpiece", please visit this page (new window): https://centuryguild.net/collections/books/products/alphonse-mucha-le-pater-book
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Published on May 24, 2012
Through a secret program called the Counter Intelligence Program (COINTELPRO), there was a concerted effort to subvert the will of the people to avoid the rise “of a Black Messiah” that would mobilize the African-American community into a meaningful political force.
This documentary establishes historical perspective on the measures initiated by J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI which aimed to discredit black political figures and forces of the late 1960’s and early 1970’s.
Combining declassified documents, interviews, rare footage and exhaustive research, it investigates the government’s role in the assassinations of Malcolm X, Fred Hampton, and Martin Luther King Jr. Were the murders the result of this concerted effort to avoid “a Black Messiah”?
Uploaded on Jun 6, 2011
Documentary by Gil Noble on the intentional destruction of Black America by the FBI using infiltration, counter-intelligence programs and drugs. From Marcus Garvey to Paul Robeson to Martin Luther King to Malcolm X to Fred Hampton, to the Black Panthers to heroin and crack, the FBI has worked to destroy black people. Includes interview with Darthard Perry, Ex-informer for the FBI.
The Complete Malcolm X on DVD: http://malcolmxfiles.blogspot.com/
Environmental Justice http://courses.dce.harvard.edu/~envre145
Environment Ethics http://courses.dce.harvard.edu/~envre120
EJ Film Festival
EE Film Festival
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The Julian calendar is a continuous count of days starting with 1 on January 1st and 365 on December 31st. A Julian clock is mainly used in programming, military, and food industries to calculate the number of days between two events. For example, food manufacturers and restaurants often use the Julian date to calculate storage and sell-by dates for their products. Similarly, pharmaceutical companies will also use the Julian date to calculate prescription expiration dates.
Our Julian Clock simultaneously shows the current time and Julian date in large, bright LEDs in red, green, or blue for easy viewing. Additionally, it accounts for daylight savings changes and leap years.
4 Digit Julian Calendar Clocks
6 Digit Julian Calendar Clocks
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Globally, Yakov (Яков , יעקב , Yakov , and others...) is a common male given name. The forename Yakov is characteristic of Kazakhstan, where it is quite a common boy's name, Russia, and Ukraine, where it is quite a rare male name. Much less frequently, Yakov is the last name as well as the forename.
Yakov is also a name from the Bible. Explore more in our Biblical names portal!
|Яков||Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Bulgaria|
|Yakov||Uzbekistan, Israel, Russia, United States, Bulgaria|
Diego, Džeimss, Giacomo, Iacob, Iacobus, Iacopo, Iakov, Iakow, Jaakko, Jacb, Jacco, Jaco, Jacob, Jacobo, Jacobus, Jacopo, Jacques, Jacó, Jaime, Jakab, Jakau, Jakez, Jakiv, Jakiw, Jakob, Jakov, Jakow, Jakub, Jakubs, Jakób, Jakúb, James, Jamie, Jaume, Jim, Jiminy, Jockel, Jokūbas, Jákob, Jämes, Santiago, Santjago, Seamus, Séamus, Thiago, Ya'Acov, Ya'Aqov, Yaacov, Yaakov, Yaaqov,
Yakov is also a prevalent name for the fictitious and mythical characters: St. James the Elder, Apostle , the one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, Gospel of Mark; Jacob , the in Genesis, a son of Isaac, also known as Israel; the patriarch of the Israelites, The Qur’an; James, son of Alphaeus , the one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ; Thing , the fictional character in Marvel Comics and Jakob Maria Mierscheid , the fictitious politician, and in many other works.
|yakov shakhovskoy Russian noble (b. 1705)|
|yakov golitsyn (born 1659) (b. 1659)|
|yakov lobanov-rostovsky politician (1660-1732) (b. 1660)|
|yakov alekseyevich golitsyn (b. 1697)|
|yakov sibirsky (b. 1709)|
|yakov dmitrievich lanskoy (b. 1760)|
|yakov ivanovich dedyulin russian general (1772-1832) (b. 1772)|
|yakov vasilievich petrulin russian colonel (b. 1782)|
|yakov cheremisinov Russian military officer (b. 1783)|
|yakov tatishchev (b. 1729)|
|yakov fyodorovich skaryatin (b. 1780)|
|yakov zemelgak Russian sculptor (1751-1812) (b. 1751)|
|yakov yanenko (b. 1800)|
|yakov sheremetev (1761-1823) (b. 1761)|
|yakov khanykov (b. 1759)|
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The skeleton of the popular but unpredictable walrus that was shot and killed in the Oslo Fjord this summer will join the collections at Norway’s Museum of Natural History in Oslo. State officials concluded that the walrus named Freya had to be destroyed because the public wouldn’t leave her in peace and she thus posed a hazard.
After Norway’s veterinary institute performed an autopsy of the walrus, the museum took contact to discuss use of her skeleton. The museum has Norway’s largest collection of objects of natural historic interest and could be useful for various research projects.
Freya’s skeleton won’t be put on display but will be made available for research and wildlife management. “The walrus is a species on the list of those from which we have little material,” Kjetil Lysne Voje of the museum told news bureau NTB. “When a walrus is put to death in the Oslo Fjord, it’s natural for us to want to include its skeleton and cell samples from the animal in our collections.”
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Chromebooks are very powerful, and very useful, devices. You can even use them with Vernier Data Tools.
Vernier is a huge name in data collection tools for science and math and they have been working to support Chromebooks for some time. Earlier this year they released their Graphical Analysis tool for Chromebooks (free) and they have continued to make their products work with Chromebooks.
There are two different ways you can use their tools with Chromebooks. One is using a USB connector and the other is wireless. For the USB connection for the sensors, you need the USB connector and the Graphical Analysis Software. For the Wireless connection, you need the Labquest device and the software. Many schools already have the Labquest devices anyway.
- Students begin their experiment by connecting sensors to their Chromebook USB port.
- Using Graphical Analysis for Chrome, students set experiment parameters and start data collection.
- Real-time sensor data is shown as a graph, a meter, or a table for different learning styles.
- Students can annotate their graph, perform curve fits, run calculations, and more.
- Students can easily create and send a finished lab report to their instructor, save their work to Google Drive™, or export data to Plotly™ for further study.
- Students in a lab group set up an experiment with Vernier sensors and LabQuest 2.
- Each student launches Graphical Analysis for Chrome on a Chromebook and connect to LabQuest 2.
- After starting data collection, experiment data are wirelessly streamed from LabQuest 2 to each Chromebook.
- Every lab group member analyzes data on a Chromebook in class or at home.
Vernier devices and sensors are used by high school and college courses around the world and it's nice to see that Chromebooks are supported.
What can you do on a Chromebook? Pretty much everything.
Google for Education Resources, includes Chromebooks
Vernier announces LabQuest2 - Android, iPhone, iPad data collection and analysis-
David Andrade is a Educator, Educational Technology Specialist and Education Administrator in CT. Before teaching, David was an Aerospace Engineer for 10 years.He is the author of theEducational Technology Guy blog, where he reviews free educational technology resources for teachers, discusses ways to use technology to improve teaching and learning, and discusses other issues in education. He is also a professional development trainer, educational technology consultant and presenter at conferences. Check out his blog at http://educationaltechnologyguy.blogspot.com/ for more resources, tips, links, information and more. Follow him onTwitterandGoogle+.
Disclaimer: The information shared here is strictly that of the author and does not reflect the opinions or endorsement of his employer.
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When the temperature drops, it means that it is time to fire up your furnace again. After all, it is a vital component in ensuring you have a warm and cozy home despite the frigid weather outside. Hence, it is essential that your system is properly maintained and fully functional.
Although heating systems are durable, something might still go wrong down the line. It utilizes fuel to generate heat. Therefore, it produces carbon monoxide as well. Keep in mind that carbon monoxide (CO) can put you and your family at risk if it is not contained correctly. It is an odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas that is toxic to humans and animals. Prolonged CO exposure is also fatal.
It is recommended that you conduct preventative measures to avoid the threats this gas poses to your household. These include ensuring that you have a working carbon monoxide detector when you are using heating units.
Definition Of Carbon Monoxide
- 1 Definition Of Carbon Monoxide
- 2 Call Tevis Energy For All Of Your HVAC Requirements
The heating process includes the inevitable production of carbon monoxide. As mentioned above, this gas isn’t easy to detect with our senses because of its odorless and colorless properties. Hence, you must have a CO detector at home if you use appliances fueled by natural gas, heating oil, propane, wood, or charcoal.
It is also essential that you have a fully-functioning venting system in place if you have fuel-burning appliances. This way, the toxic gas is released outdoors safely, and you do not inhale it. Make sure that all fuel-burning systems and equipment are vented and installed correctly. They should also be well-maintained. This will keep your system from leaking carbon monoxide.
How To Ensure Carbon Monoxide Safety
Install a trusted carbon monoxide detector to ensure a safe home environment. Make sure that the device is placed near all CO-producing appliances. It should also be tested regularly to ensure it is fully operational. Replace the batteries every three months or as often as needed as well.
As a general rule, your CO detector should be tested and its batteries replaced before winter starts. Read the manual carefully before you install the carbon monoxide detector. Follow the instructions so that you can install, test, and maintain the device properly.
Reasons For Indoor Carbon Monoxide Buildup
A problem in your HVAC ventilation system can lead to CO buildup. If your heating system is damaged or has wear and tear, CO can leak as well. Hence, it is also best that you have your heating system maintained by a professional HVAC contractor at least once a year. This, along with a CO detector, will ensure that your home is safe from carbon monoxide leaks.
Make sure to book your yearly heating system maintenance before the temperature begins to drop. This will ensure that there are no backdrafts near your heating unit and that blockages in your vent or flue are removed. Call a reputable HVAC company to do the proper checks and repairs. This way, any problems in your heating system are resolved before the heating season begins.
Common Signs Of CO Buildup Or Carbon Monoxide Leak
Other than your carbon monoxide detector sending out alarms, CO buildup can also be detected through other means. Your heating system creates CO during fuel combustion. Depending on the type of fuel you use, the exhaust will have different appearances. For example, if it uses heating oil, the exhaust will have soot and smoke. If you notice that there is more soot than usual, call your local, trusted HVAC technician immediately.
Carbon Monoxide Exposure Symptoms
Regardless of the amount, carbon monoxide is harmful to humans and pets. The amount of CO in the air and how long you are exposed to it will determine the severity of the symptoms.
Mild CO poisoning will cause dizziness, nausea, fatigue, and headache. On the other hand, moderate symptoms include severe headaches, disorientation, drowsiness, and confusion. Severe symptoms will lead to convulsions, fainting, and heart failure. Worst of all, prolonged exposure is fatal.
Steps To Take If You Suspect Carbon Monoxide Exposure
If you suspect a CO leak in your home, switch off all heaters and other fuel-burning appliances you have right away. Open all windows and doors to let fresh air circulate throughout your home. After doing so, make sure that everyone, including your pets, leaves your house. Contact a doctor so that all CO poisoning symptoms are addressed immediately.
Follow these safety steps when your CO detector goes off. Do not take it lightly and think that it might just be sending false alerts. Keep in mind that your safety is on the line, and it is always best to be safe than sorry.
CO poisoning can lead to severe consequences if preventative measures are not taken properly. Therefore, ensure that a carbon monoxide alarm is installed near any fuel-burning appliance you have at home. This battery-operated device should be maintained properly as it is your best defense from CO leaks. Remember to schedule annual heating system tune-ups as well.
Call Tevis Energy For All Of Your HVAC Requirements
For superior heating and cooling services in central Maryland and southern Pennsylvania, call Tevis Energy. We have professionally certified and highly trained technicians who conduct high-quality HVAC repairs, maintenance, replacements, and installations. All our friendly techs have ample experience and knowledge to service your system accurately within a reasonable timeframe.
Our company has the most competitive HVAC service prices in the area. We will maintain your system so that you have increased comfort, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. We can also assist you in finding the most suitable HVAC replacement system that is within your budget. All our work comes with a guarantee because your satisfaction is essential to us. Book a service appointment with us today. Do not hesitate to call Tevis Energy for a free, in-home estimate.
You can click here to contact us now or call us at (410) 876-6800 to find out more!
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At this point in the literature review process, you have:
- Selected a topic
- Done an initial broad literature search and reading to refine your topic
- Done a second, narrower literature search for sources relevant to your topic.
Now comes one of the harder stages of the process, surveying and evaluating the literature. Most of us know how to survey the literature - read and understand the context of a topic - but evaluating the literature can be challenging if you haven't done it before.
Approach each source in three stages:
- Skim the abstract or sections of the source to determine if it's relevant to your topic. Note: you need to include sources that challenge or contradict your research question and then explain why your approach is still justified.
- Read the article for general understanding if it is relevant
- Read a second time to summarize and evaluate the source; defintely take notes at this stage
Here are key elements to note when summarizing, or surveying sources:
- Research questions
- Key findings
Here are some critical questions to ask when evaluating sources:
- What are the origins and definitions of the topic?
- What are the key theories, concepts, and ideas?
- What are the major debates, arguments, and issues?
- What is the methodology? Is it appropriate for the research topic and was it conducted properly?
- What evidence is there for any claims or conclusions made in the source?
- What are the key questions and problems that have been addressed to date?
- Are there any important issues that have been insufficiently addressed to date?
- Does the source have implications for your proposed research?
- What impact does a source have on your thinking?
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Creative learning is not memorizing information. It builds knowledge and develops skills through creative techniques. Creative education does not prescribe how information should be received, but uses creative methods to guide learners through the teaching process
Can you learn creativity? Whether you were born with it or not, the story goes. When most people hear the word creativity, they think it’s something they were born with, but it’s not. Creativity is learned not only in school, but also through life experience. Of course, some are born with creative abilities, like Mozart, who composed his first symphony at the age of 8, Pablo, who introduced Cubism in The Daughters of Avignon at 25, his Picasso, and even Mary Shelley. Frankenstein was published at the age of 20. But there are also examples that prove you can be creative, like Leonardo da Vinci, who didn’t succeed until he painted The Last Supper in his late 40s, and Stephen King, who spent nine years painting The First Supper. there is You’ve got a novel, Kari. It’s called creative learning, and it answers our question, “Can creativity learn?” question.
Creative learning may not have anything to do with learning math or physics, it’s a completely different learning skill than the others. Creative learning is not memorizing information. It builds knowledge and develops skills through the use of creative techniques. Rather than prescribing how information should be received, creative education uses creative methods to guide learners through the teaching process. Creative learning is very important these days. Being an active citizen, whether at school or in the workplace, means being an engaged citizen, able to present ideas, form opinions and bring unique perspectives to any debate. This requires mastering a range of higher cognitive skills, from analyzing data sources to classifying, reflecting and interpreting information. These are higher cognitive abilities that are developed through inquiry-driven learning and experience rather than knowledge transfer. They rely on a certain level of creativity, which is a key ingredient in problem solving. They also rely on young people’s ability to express themselves coherently and to listen to others. This is very important, especially at a young age. Creative learning encourages teamwork and team building, while interaction with peers teaches children how to be socially active. Listening to other ideas, brainstorming, and playing together encourages children to listen, share, and set boundaries.
Creativity is not a mystical trait, nor is it inherited. Creativity is a process that can be learned, refined and mastered. Tools can enhance creativity, but one of the most important ways to spark creativity is to develop the inner drive to come up with new or groundbreaking ideas.
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Throughout the humid tropics, increased land disturbance and concomitant road construction increases erosion and sediment delivery to rivers. Building road networks in developing countries is commonly a priority for international development funding based on anticipated socio-economic benefits. Yet the resulting erosion from roads, which recent studies have shown result in at least ten-fold increases in erosion rates, is not fully accounted for. While effects of road-derived sediment on aquatic ecosystems have been documented in temperate climates, little has been published on the effects of road-induced sediment on aquatic ecosystems in developing countries of the tropics. Along the south bank of the Rio San Juan (Nicaragua and Costa Rica), attempts to build a road without engineering or plans resulted in massive failures and erosion in areas where steep slopes impinge upon the river bank. Pre-existing tributary streams received elevated sediment loads, creating new deposits on pre-existing tributary deltas. In some reaches with rapidly eroding sites, completely new deltas of freshly deposited sediment were formed, prograding into the river channel.
Riverlab alumni Blanca Rios and Scott Walls joined with Matt Kondolf to study periphyton biomass and macroinvertebrate communities on the deltas of Río San Juan tributaries, comparing north-bank tributaries draining undisturbed rain forest with south-bank tributaries receiving runoff from the partially-built road experiencing rapid erosion. Periphyton biomass, richness and abundance of macroinvertebrates overall, and richness and abundance of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera were higher on the north-bank tributary deltas than the south-bank tributary deltas. These findings were consistent with prior studies in temperate climates showing detrimental effects of road-derived fine sediment on aquatic organisms. A Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis showed the impacted community on the south-bank deltas was influenced by poorly-sorted substrate with greater proportions of fine sediment and higher water temperatures. The paper is freely available (open-access) here.
Rios-Touma, B, GM Kondolf, and SP Walls. 2020. Impacts of sediment derived from erosion of partially-constructed road on aquatic organisms in a tropical river: the Río San Juan, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. PLoSONE 15(11):e0242356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242356
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A closer look at climate finance
28 April 2022
Just this week Ireland announced its latest climate finance figures for 2020 – and it clocked in at €5.3 million less than it gave in 2019.
Non-governmental organisations expressed their disappointment at the development, and Christian Aid Ireland noted that the revealed decrease comes just months after Taoiseach Micheal Martin pledged at COP26 to significantly up Ireland’s contribution to climate finance over the coming years.
But first let’s zoom out a little bit – what do we mean by climate finance? What does it entail? And what does the Irish climate finance picture look like?
Okay so what exactly is climate finance?
Someone aptly once summed up the term to me as being “the people who set the neighbourhood on fire should pay to put it out”.
That fire-extinguishing takes a threefold form: mitigation, adaptation and loss and damage.
Mitigation is what’s most often in the media when it comes to the climate crisis in general, and it’s anything that drives emissions down. So think wind farms and solar panels.
Western developed countries achieved their level of wealth through the burning of fossil fuels, and by burning through all that planet-warming material, the carbon budget for developing countries was essentially all-but-spent.
So in order to improve outcomes for their populations, the latter are saying they need those who tore through the carbon budget to help finance their economic development by supplying renewable energy infrastructure.
Adaptation follows a similar line of thought: those who caused the level of warming are responsible for helping those most-affected adapt to the consequences, whether that be sea level rise or extreme drought, to name only but a few.
There’s pretty broad political consensus when it comes to mitigation and adaptation in the field of climate finance. The same can’t be said for loss and damage.
Loss and damage essentially refers to things that the fire burned beyond repair. Going beyond using just metaphor terms, it refers to changes caused by the climate crisis that cannot be adapted to.
The term was included in the original Paris Agreement under Article 8, but notably says that the agreement does “not involve or provide a basis for any liability or compensation”, which is a big obstacle for addressing the issue.
Loss and damage was a sticking point as the international climate conference COP26 in Glasgow last year, and the final Glasgow Pact document that emerged only allowed for a “dialogue” on the matter and fell far short of what developing countries were asking for.
And where is Ireland at with all of this? And what happens now?
So as stated above, the most current picture we have is that Ireland’s contribution to climate finance has declined for the first time in years, despite what the Government put forward at COP26.
And when it comes to climate finance contributions and what countries are putting forward – you’ve got to look at the quality and the quantity of the money.
The quality refers to what the money is being spent on, and by and large Ireland is doing quite well on that front. The money is given as grants, not to-be-paid-back loans and the majority of it is going towards adaptation.
Where we fall short is on the quantity front.
Ireland contributed €88.3 million in terms of climate finance in 2020 – and Micheal Martin committed to upping that figure to €225 million by 2025.
And while that is a big jump – it doesn’t seem to be nearly enough.
Research commissioned by Christian Aid Ireland and Trocaire found that in actuality Ireland needs to be contributing €475 million a year in order to meet its fair share.
To put that into perspective, that meant that in 2020 Ireland contributed less than one-fifth of what it should be according to that report.
Christian Aid Policy Officer Conor O’Neil criticised the drop and said that “to see us plateauing and heading in the opposite direction here is concerning given the urgent need of those on the frontlines of the climate crisis.”
He stressed that the funding was not “some optional extra, but a key pillar of the Paris Agreement.”
The only way for the Government to bridge the widening gap would be to make the funding available in the next Budget, he added, which is due out in October.
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Understanding Azure Active Directory
What is Azure Active Directory?
Azure Active Directory (AAD) is Microsoft’s cloud-based identity and access management service (IAM). AAD allows organizations to manage user authentication and authorization in a secure and efficient manner. AAD helps organizations protect their data and applications while providing users with access to the resources they need.Why Should You Use Azure Active Directory?
Azure Active Directory provides a wide range of features and benefits, such as: * Single sign-on (SSO) capabilities, which enable users to access all their cloud-based applications from one account.
* Multi-factor authentication (MFA) security, which adds an additional layer of security to user accounts.
* Access control, which allows organizations to set up user roles and permissions for different types of applications.
* Granular control over user access, which enables organizations to control which users have access to which applications and data.
* Integrations with other authentication providers, such as Microsoft Active Directory, to enable organizations to easily manage user access across multiple applications.
How Does Azure Active Directory Work?
Azure Active Directory is a cloud-based IAM solution that provides a secure and efficient way to manage user authentication and authorization. AAD uses a combination of protocols and technologies, such as OAuth and OpenID Connect, to provide users with secure access to their applications and data. AAD also provides advanced features, such as multi-factor authentication and access control, to help organizations protect their data and applications.Conclusion
Azure Active Directory is an essential part of any organization’s cloud strategy. With AAD, organizations can easily manage user authentication and authorization in a secure and efficient manner. AAD also provides advanced features, such as multi-factor authentication and access control, to help organizations protect their data and applications. By leveraging AAD, organizations can ensure that their users have secure access to the resources they need.
Skilling snack: Intro to Azure Active Directory
1. Azure Active Directory
2. Introduction to Azure AD
3. Azure AD
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What is LAN card?
Local area network is a network type which links two computers in connection. To enable the connection between computer networks LAN card is required. LAN card is a piece of hardware which is connected inside the linking the computer network using the MAC address for network to work. ways by which create physical connection they are: OSI layer 1 i.e. physical layer and OSI layer 2 i.e. Data link layer. By using special types of WLAN card it allows the computer to connect using cables and wirelessly. As in increasing technology wireless type is much preferable for that LAN card is required. Internal working of LAN card is like: A computer with the wireless LAN card transmit and receive data via radio waves using spread-spectrum technology. It is available is four basic types followed by a, b and g. Sort of LAN card used having some typical features of a network card which includes twisted pair. It is designed to used rate transfer to be ranging from 10 to 1000 megabits/sec.
Function of LAN cards
The purpose of LAN is to create physical connection which is open door. The first physical interface supported by LAN card through which cable plugs into the card. That interface is well defined in technical documentation which is best fit for network cables. The second function is to provide data link. Both of the function are the theoretical model in networking called Open system interconnection (OSI). The function of data link of a LAN card provides sending and receiving of network binary data and that data flow in zeros and ones form the network to the network card. Then card recognize the flow of data and check for errors. After that when you turn on computer with the LAN card it will show two lights green and orange, orange light will come on when data link layer is activated this means cable work and network connected and bits are flowing. Second green light shown network layer is activated now.
Types of LAN cards
There are many different types of LANs, Ethernet is the most common for systems and Apple macintosh networks are based on Apple’s AppleTalk network system. There are some of the things which differentiate one LAN from another they are: topology, Protocol and media.
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According to modern classification vasomotor rhinitis refers to the chronic pathologies associated with dysfunction of the nasal mucosa. Acute vasomotor rhinitis is extremely rare in children at an early age.
Very quickly becomes protracted relapsing form not amenable to standard methods of correction. As a rule, is diagnosed with neurovegetative form of disease, because other causes a negative impact to reveal very difficult. The disease is known by such terms as idiopathic rhinitis, rhinitis unspecified noninfectious and non-allergic etiologies. The symptoms of m causes, treatment and prevention are considered on this page, but the information is exploratory in nature. Therapy should be carried out only under the supervision of a physician.
Characteristic symptoms appear almost immediately as soon as the violation occurs physiological regulation of vascular tone of the blood capillaries in the mucosa. As a result of expansion of capillaries, there is a development of swelling of the mucous membrane, provoking the allocation of large amount of mucous secretion.
Significant causes pathology is currently not fully understood, but there is speculation on the relationship of violations of the processes of transmission of nerve impulses in the Central nervous system. Often, chronic vasomotor rhinitis occurs as the associated diseases with vascular dystonia. There are also risk factors, likely leading to impaired regulation of vascular tone.
- increased anxiety and stress in the enhancing effect of anxiety (in children it is often associated with separation from parents, the beginning of kindergarten);
- improper treatment of acute respiratory diseases caused by viral and bacterial pathogens;
- chemical and thermal burns of the mucous membrane of the nasal airway (can occur by inhalation of caustic substances, the sauna and steam bath);
- Smoking, including passive;
- high humidity is a risk factor, along with increased dryness of the air;
- chronic pathology of the stomach and esophagus (acid reflux, heartburn, hyperacidity gastritis, dysphagia);
- facial injuries, which can be formed to the curvature of the nasal septum;
- deviation natural hormonal levels at certain periods of life (puberty, pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptives);
- side effect of pharmacological drugs, most often drugs of groups a hypotensive, a vasoconstrictor or thrombolytic means;
- long flowing allergic rhinitis in combination with other manifestations of hay fever.
Timely treatment and prevention allow us to restore damaged mucosa and improve the condition of the capillaries. How to do it – read on in the article.
Form and symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis – how to recognize the disease?
Depending on the shape, the symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis may occur continuously or alternate with periods of well-being, when any signs of disease are absent, and the person feels completely healthy. A distinctive feature of this disease, concludes that nasal congestion with abundant intechange (cold) starts after exposure to a particular traumatic factor. It may be a nervous shock, violation of the regime of work and rest, hypothermia, visits to crowded or noisy places, like a bath and more. How to recognize this disease and what are the features you should pay attention? Try to understand.
Symptoms can manifest as on the one hand, and grab both the bow stroke. More susceptible to women after the age of 18 years. In children is rarely diagnosed because the clinical picture is effectively disguised as ARI and ARI.
Usually the signs of judgement, and do not allow immediately, without any differential diagnosis to make a correct diagnosis:
- the separation of the mucous secretion of the nasal passage with a clear, nonviscous structure;
- starts runny nose all of a sudden, can end also without interference at any time;
- a few hours later can join sneezing, dryness and nasal congestion;
- gradually develops a twang of voice and reduced acuity of smell (patients are unable to recognize even a fairly sharp smell).
Unit on forms of vasomotor rhinitis allows us to differentiate the pathology, depending on the suspected cause of the defeat of vascular tone. The hardest form idiopathic, not allowing to establish and resolve the cause, against which the treatment becomes quite difficult, and often brings quick relief of the patient’s condition.
Reflex type of rhinitis can occur even in perfectly healthy people and is, in fact, a defensive reaction to the adverse factors. Most often it provokes the introduction of allergens, the effect of hot and cold air, certain vapors with irritant properties.
Medication vasomotor rhinitis is a consequence of the intake of certain pharmaceutical drugs, after the abolition of which the cold completely goes away. As a rule, such effect is not immediate action, and develops gradually over 10-12 days. The most often observed after prolonged use of one type drops with a pronounced vasoconstrictor effect in treating the common cold to SARS, or allergies. Such side effect is present in some groups of antihypertensive drugs.
Hormonal form develops on the background of concomitant diseases of the pituitary gland and the thyroid gland. Women can be the result of hormonal disturbances during pregnancy and during menopause.
Neurovegetative vasomotor rhinitis is the most common form of disease, occurs as an associate of the disease in the disruption of the Central nervous system. This is manifested by bouts of anxiety and decreased performance. There may be unpleasant sensations in the heart area (tingling, pressure, compression), headaches, changes in blood pressure. It was after these symptoms begin to show signs of vasomotor rhinitis.
The differential diagnosis includes a series of studies designed to exclude other diseases with similar symptoms. First exclude infectious inflammatory etiology. It’s enough to hold seeding the smear from the nasal passages. In the absence of planted pathogenic microflora, the assumption of infection is removed. Assigned allergic skin tests and consultation of the allergist. This excludes hay fever and allergic rhinitis. You may also want to consult a facial surgeon to avoid injury of the nose, a deviated nasal septum.
During the examination the doctor the otolaryngologist sees characterized by extended shell of the nasal passages, swelling of the mucous membrane and redness due to vasodilation. Assigned to standard radiography of the sinuses, a General full blood count.
Methods of prevention and treatment vasomotor rhinitis
Of great importance in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis is the search, identification and complete elimination of the negative effects of probable cause. You need to pay attention to the treatment of the underlying disease (VSD or pathology of the stomach). Completely eliminated the factors causing the development of another attack. If there is a deviated septum, it is assigned to a surgical operation for its correction.
Primarily used for so-called non-medicamental methods of therapy. For this you need to review your way of life, to abandon bad habits, to normalize restful sleep and relaxation.
Useful regular physical loading, eliminates anxiety and soothing the nervous system. It is best to go Jogging before going to sleep and use the pool. From the noisy and outdoor games should be abandoned. Yoga and meditation also help to improve vascular tone in the nasal mucosa.
hardening and vitamin mineral complexes strengthens the immune system and increases the vitality of the body. It is necessary to conduct active prevention of viral and bacterial infections, as they may provoke a prolonged attack of vasomotor rhinitis.
Drug treatment is used only during periods of exacerbation with the aim of eliminating unpleasant symptoms. Etiologic treatment does not exist, drugs can only relieve, remove swelling and runny nose. Used vasoconstrictor nose drops, saline solutions for washing trains with eucalyptus oil. In severe cases, it can be shown therapy with steroid drugs in the form of drops (cortisone, prednisone).
Methods of prevention of vasomotor rhinitis include a range of measures aimed at strengthening the immune system, elimination of diseases of the digestive and nervous system, regular vaccination against influenza. Recommended summer holiday at the seaside. It strengthens the vascular wall and normalizes the process of separating the mucous secretion. In exceptional cases, it may be shown reflexology (stimulation of biologically active points on the body acupuncture).
2 thoughts on “Vasomotor rhinitis: symptoms, treatment”
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By Horst Augustinovic
Gibb’s Hill Lighthouse
117 feet high with the beacon 362 feet above sea level, its light can be seen by ships 40 miles at sea and aircraft 120 miles away. Now the most prominent landmark in Bermuda, the proposal to build Gibb’s Hill Lighthouse was made in the 1840’s. At a cost of £5,500, it was only the second cast iron lighthouse to be constructed.
When completed in 1845 the lighthouse was illuminated with kerosene, but is now powered by a 1000-watt electric bulb located in the center of the lens, which is capable of producing up to half a million candlepower. Making a complete revolution every 50 seconds, the lighthouse produces a two-second flash at every two-second interval.
St. David’s Lighthouse
A 55-foot high stone structure, the beacon of the St. David’s Lighthouse is 208 feet above sea level and overlooks south shore. It was opened in 1879 and has a fixed white light of about 30,000 candlepower. The original kerosene burner was replaced with a hood vapor burner in 1922.
The St. David’s Lighthouse enables navigators to take cross bearings with the flashing beacon emitted by Gibb’s Hill Lighthouse in Southampton Parish.
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The Avocado is also known as a super food that can give our bodies some of the healthiest nutrients. Worldwide , the avocado is considered to have the most soluble fibers.
Eating one avocado provides our body with the entire daily needed fiber dose. Compared with other vegetables and fruits, it contains various types of antioxidants.
The Benefits of Consuming The Avocado Seed
One astonishing thing is that the skin and the flesh of the avocado contain only 30 % of the antioxidants and 70% of them are present in the seed.
These antioxidants lower the cholesterol and prevent different kinds of diseases especially heart diseases. They also reduce inflammatory diseases and calm soreness in gastrointestinal tract.
Since the avocado is rich in fibers it can prevent constipation and ease diarrhea. Phenolic compound is an antioxidant present in the seed itself.
It helps relieve gastric ulcer pain which is caused by antibacterial and sometimes anti-viral properties.
Looking for more reasons why you should eat avocado?
Another important antioxidant known as flavonol is also contained in the seed. This antioxidant can help in fighting cancer. So, avocado seed is the perfect food for people suffering from cancer since they are adviced to eat foods rich in flavonol.
If you have a weak immune system and often get colds during the flu season, including avocado seeds in your diet is the perfect solution for you. Consuming avocado seed will help you strengthen your immune system.
The fundamental reasons why people get sick , get cancer and get older rapidly are the free radicals. The avocado seed can help you in preventing all of these by fighting free radicals. Having the ability to build up the collagen below the skin, it can help you get a young and fresh look.
And that’s not all you get from avocado! It will make you become more active by cutting down body aches, joint pains and bone diseases.
Losing weight and lowering blood glucose level are another two benefits you get from consuming avocado. It can help with exercise-induced asthma and if you feel food cravings it will make you feel fuller.
How to Extract the Avocado Seed
If the avocado is ripe it will open easily . Just take a knife and cut it vertically from both sides. When you have taken out the seed you can make a smoothie: Put it in a plastic bag and smash it with a hammer. Then put it in a blender along with other ingredients like spinach, bananas dates etc.
If you have a more powerful blender, put the avocado seed with the other ingredients without crushing it before. Don’t forget to add some water. After the preparation make sure you enjoy drinking it!
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You’ve heard it time and again, the effect of plastics on the environment. From floating plastics in the oceans to burning plastic in the air to landfills overflowing with plastic disposal. You’ve read all about the sea turtles dying while choking on billions of plastic straws and you know how micro-plastics are entering the food chain. Fun fact, we eat about a credit card’s worth of plastic every week. But we’re sure you know all this, so let's look at a few immediate ways to reduce your dependence on plastics for a larger impact.
1) Plastic Toothbrushes:
Considering that an average person discards their toothbrush every three to four months, it’s disheartening to think how much plastic we add to landfill sites through toothbrushes alone.
Our solution: Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants on this planet. Toothbrushes made of bamboo wood and fiber are the perfect replacement for their plastic counterparts.
2) Plastic Straws:
Plastic straws are everywhere. Up to 8.3 billion plastic straws are lying on the shores all across the world, often ending up in the digestive systems of marine life. They are such a huge problem that more and more countries and cities are banning them altogether.
Our solution: Reusable Metal Straws can help replace disposable plastic ones altogether. The fact that they are made of stainless steel means that you can keep reusing them for a lifetime like regular cutlery.
3) Plastic Shopping Bags:
Every different vegetable or fruit you get home is usually packed in a separate plastic bag. So, people sometimes end up going home with 10-15 plastic bags after just one shopping trip. And the bags, sadly, often simply end up in the trash bin without being reused again.
Our solution: Tote Bags. These are cotton cloth bags that are reusable and don’t clog water drains or last forever in the landfills after being used for years.
4) Plastic Shampoo Bottles:
Research suggests there could be more plastic than fish in the sea by 2050. That shampoo? Housed in a plastic bottle, often fully or partly unrecyclable.
Our solution: Shampoo Bars. These are handmade with organic ingredients that are perfectly suited to clean hair and leave them silky soft. Natural cleansers like reetha and shikakai are good alternates to consider making at home too.
5) Plastic Dishwashing Scrubbers:
Every household uses one in their kitchen, and it's replaced to chuck in the bin at the end of almost every month. These end up breaking down into microplastics and going down the drain.
Our solution: Coconut coir scrubbers. Made from the outer husk of the coconut, these are effective, handy, durable, and compostable.
6) Plastic Loofahs:
They are colorful and cute, but what about after they're used? The microplastics from a plastic loofah wash down the drain and eventually end up in the oceans.
Our solution: Natural Plant Loofah. These are made out of an actual vegetable after drying. They gently exfoliate the skin and help in blood circulation too.
These are products we have curated in our Verth box to help you get started and make an impactful switch. Here's where you can explore all the boxes or even get started to make your own one.
The draft EIA 2020 needs re-evaluation for more reasons than oneFebruary 8th, 2021
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Youth Motivation 2.0
Since its inception, the ITEST program has funded projects developing strategies, tools, and models focused on increasing students' awareness of STEM and STEM careers and motivating students to pursue the appropriate education pathways for those fields. ITEST projects often have a focus on social learning outcomes and on learning environment conditions that enhance learners' motivation, mindset, identity and interest in STEM learning and careers. Recently, resilience, persistence, or "grit" have been associated with students' continued motivation to pursue STEM majors and careers. To learn more, browse the recent events, instruments, and publications below on the topic of Youth Motivation in ITEST projects.
STELAR Webinar: Youth Motivation Webinar - Findings from ITEST
This webinar focused on current findings from the ITEST program related to youth motivation and STEM career development. Participants heard from ITEST projects working across the U.S. to learn specific strategies for as well as successes and challenges with fostering and assessing youth motivation and STEM career interest.
ITEST Webinar: Youth Motivation, Interest, and Identity and STEM Career Development
During this webinar, participants heard from ITEST projects working across the U.S. to learn specific frameworks for fostering and assessing youth motivation and STEM career interest. This webinar discussed recent developments in theory and measurement of youth interest in STEM careers. The purpose of the webinar was to share Principal Investigator knowledge of measurement techniques, analysis problems, and theories of youth motivation.
Attitudes, Skills & GRIT, Oh My!: A Research Evaluation Working Group Conversation
Take a quick tour through the scales and items that have worked (and not worked) for a recent ITEST evaluation conducted with middle and high school students. Then look ahead to instruments we are considering for a new ITEST project that begins data collection with elementary school students this fall.
Fostering youth motivation and persistence: A presentation from the 2014 Masschusetts STEM Summit
The STELAR center organized a panel at the Summit to highlight findings from the ITEST program related to motivating students to pursue and persist in STEM education and career pathways.
The Grit Scale is a set of measures designed to measure trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals. The Grit Scale comes in a 12-item form and an 8-item form (the Short Grit Scale, or Grit-S), and the 8-item form has been modified for use with children as well. All items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale.
Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ)
The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was developed to measure the types of learning strategies and academic motivation used by college students. This is a 44-item instrument that uses a 7-point Likert scale.
The MSLQ is both linked and attached, and its documentation is linked.
Advancing Research on Youth Motivation in STEM: A Report on the NSF ITEST Convening
This report outlines the discussions and outcomes of the Advancing Research on Youth Motivation in STEM Convening held at Boston College (Chestnut Hill, MA) in September 2011. The convening was hosted by the ITEST Learning Resource Center (LRC) at Education Development Center, Inc. (EDC).
Interest-Driven Learning Among Middle School Youth in an Out-of-School STEM Studio
The concept of connected learning proposes that youth leverage individual interest and social media to drive learning with an academic focus. To illustrate, we present in-depth case studies of Ryan and Sam, two middle-school-age youth, to document an out-of-school intervention intended to direct toward intentional learning in STEM that taps interest and motivation.
Longitudinal analysis of cognitive constructs fostered by STEM activities for middle school students
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the changes found to occur pre- to post intervention in students' cognitive structures continued to persist two years later. Major findings were: 1) higher-order STEM-related constructs established during the treatment year tended to persist two years later, even as component dispositions varied, and 2) gender differences in level of persistence emerged in only one of the four higher-order constructs identified.
Motivation and Culturally Responsive Technology for COMPUGIRLS
Insights from the COMPUGIRLS project have provided significant evidence that lack of motivation is a misrepresentation of our girls’ lived experience.
Youth STEM Motivation: Immersive Technologies to Engage and Empower Underrepresented Students
In this white paper we describe a project underway at Harvard’s Graduate School of Education in which we are designing innovative technological environments that draw from theories of motivation to support and augment the engagement and motivation of students in Grades 5-8 mathematics.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
Write a 4-5 page paper outlining the consequences of not abiding by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), and its impact on employees and the organization.
Paper must include a cover page, abstract and 3-4 reference. Do not use Wikipedia.
- All sources used must be cited both within the text and in a references section at the end of the lecture (use APA conventions for citing)
- No more than 20% of the entire piece can be in quotation
- Must be proofread and edited for errors
Senior project city engineering 6 to 8 pages essay. Introductory paragraph needs topic sentence, 4 to 5 details discussed within the paper, thesis statement. Each body paragraph should focus on one of the concrete details from the introduction. Conclusion paragraph restating main idea and thesis. Title page and work cited not included in 6 to 8 pages. Must be done in MLA format .
Need help with this assignment or a similar one? Place your order and leave the rest to our experts!
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Who’s up for some rainbow science for preschoolers?
Today for #PlayfulPreschool, I will be sharing with you one of our fun preschool science experiments that my daughter J thinks is the most awesome thing in the world. To be honest, as long as something happens in our experiments, she thinks it pretty awesome.
With Spring and St Patrick’s Day coming up, I decided to see if I could make the colours of the rainbow (well a few of them at least) disappear.
Rainbow Science for Preschoolers:
Disappearing Rainbow Colours
Here is a quick background on why we chose this rainbow science for preschoolers experiment. J is a very curious little person. Recently I was scrubbbing a pot that I accidentally forgot on the stove and sadly baking soda and vinegar was not doing the job. I decided to open my windows (in -20C weather) and try to use some bleach.
J immediately said, “Mommy, what’s that smell?” I replied and said it was bleach and I am using it to get rid of this lovely stain of black on my pot. Then an idea popped up. If the bleach can get rid of the black stain, what can it do for other colours?
What You Need for Your Rainbow Science for Preschoolers Experiment
- 1 cup of bleach
- 3 primary colours food colouring
- 4 or 5 small bowls or cups that are clear
- a well ventilated area
Steps of the Rainbow Science
for Preschoolers Experiment
Fill the cups or bowls with 2 oz of water. I used 2 empty vases that never get used in out house.
Add 1 drop of food colour. Stir the food colouring with a stick or spoon so that the colour is nicely mixed.
Add 1/4 cup of bleach to the food-coloured water.
Step 4 of the Rainbow Science for Preschoolers
Observe any changes.
If done correctly, the liquid in the cup or bowl should be completely clear when the bleach is added.
If you love this post, don’t forget to check out our other preschool science experiments as well as check out Learning 2 Walk on Facebook.
Don’t forget to check out what the other Playful Preschool bloggers came up with for the rainbow theme. Thanks for walking with me.
Rainbow Themed Activities by The PLAYful Preschool Education Team:
Rainbow Letter Formation Sticky Wall by Still Playing School
Language Activities for Preschoolers: Rainbow Climb by Growing Book by Book
Inventing Their Own Songs to Encourage Creativity by Capri + 3
Rainbow Domino Game by Rainy Day Mum
Rainbow Patterns with Blocks by Mom Inspired Life
Scented Rainbow Science and Sensory Play by Fun-A-Day
Preschool Engineering with Rainbows by Natural Beach Living
Design a Rainbow Technology Connection by The Educators’ Spin On It
Disappearing Rainbow Colors by Learning to Walk
Creating Salty Rainbows with Preschoolers by Life Over C’s
Rainbow Ice and Salt Experiment for Preschool by Powerful Mothering.
Thursday 31st of March 2022
Adopt full aluminium alloy panel structure, anodized surface process, ultra-narrow frame, rounded corner design, fashion and beautiful appearance 4mm tempered glass with anti glare 3.Advanced IR 20 touching technology. The OPS host module adopts plug structure design, internal Inter standard 80pin interface, without any external power line and signal line, which is convenient for inspection, maintenance and upgrade, and achieves the aesthetic effect of the machine Front side interface: Public USB*3,Touch-USB*1,HDMI*1 Front 8 buttons: POWER ,Input ,Menu, V+, V-, ECO, Home, PC-POWER(Power button for OPS PC only) Front side speakers, Prevents noise distortion due to embedding Adopt a high-performance infrared touch technology with anti-blocking and anti-stain functions, and the touch reception will not affect normal writing after blocking at single or multiple infrared transmitting points; interactive led flat panel
Super Fun and Engaging Scented Rainbow Science for Preschoolers
Monday 25th of February 2019
[…] Disappearing Rainbow Colors by Fun Learning Ideas […]
Rainbow Theme Learning Activities - Life Over Cs
Sunday 26th of February 2017
[…] Disappearing Rainbow Colors from Learning 2 Walk […]
Fun & Easy Rainbow Activities for Kids - Outnumbered 3 to 1
Friday 24th of February 2017
[…] Rainbow Domino Game | rainydaymum.co.uk Rainbow Snow Sensory Bin | tinytotsadventure.com Disappearing Rainbow Colours | funlearningideas.com RAINBOW ICE AND SALT SCIENCE EXPERIMENT FOR PRESCHOOL | powerfulmothering.com […]
Rainbow Science Experiments for Bright, Happy Learning
Friday 10th of February 2017
[…] Disappearing Rainbow Science from Learning 2 Walk […]
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Beginning at the start of 2020, California will ban the sale of a popular agricultural pesticide, chlorpyrifos, that has been linked to brain damage and other health defects in children. It has already been banned in Hawaii.
Farmers will continue to be allowed to use the pesticide until the end of 2020, but will no longer be allowed to purchase the chemical. Chlorpyrifos is typically used on popular crops such as alfalfa, almonds, citrus, cotton, grapes, and walnuts.
According to EcoWatch, the state of California did agree to kick in $5.6 million to help pesticide manufacturers develop a safer alternative.
“For years, environmental justice advocates have fought to get the harmful pesticide chlorpyrifos out of our communities. Thanks to their tenacity and the work of countless others, this will now occur faster than originally envisioned. This is a big win for children, workers and public health in California,” says Governor Gavin Newsom.
Back in 2015, the Obama administration had proposed a federal ban on the aerial spray, but in 2017, the Trump administration took the possible ban off the table saying the effects are still unknown. The EPA now has until 2022 to review and analyze the safety of chlorpyrifos.
Last year the federal government’s top fisheries experts issued a report saying that the pesticide and two others — diazinon and malathion — were washing into streams and rivers and harming wildlife, such as endangered species of salmon, according to NPR.
If you liked this article, please donate $5 to keep NationofChange online through November.
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Why We Need a Vaccine to Achieve Herd Immunity For COVID-19
Experts Explain Why a Vaccine Is the Only Safe Way to Achieve Herd Immunity For COVID-19
You may have heard the term "herd immunity" tossed around in response to the novel coronavirus, but the idea that we could overcome the pandemic if enough people were exposed to COVID-19 is a dangerous notion. In fact, experts told POPSUGAR that it could lead to "millions of excess deaths," and the head of the World Health Organization has said that allowing the virus to spread with abandon would be "unethical."
"There is a common misconception about the coronavirus that all that is needed is herd immunity and the pandemic will cease," said David Cutler, MD, a family medicine physician at Providence Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, CA. "The misconception is that herd immunity can be achieved with ease, low cost, and few lives lost." According to Dr. Cutler, this couldn't be further from the truth, and herd immunity is actually quite difficult to achieve.
What Is Herd Immunity?
"Herd immunity occurs when a high percentage of a population is immune to a disease, either from having a prior infection then recovering or from a vaccination," Natasha Bhuyan, MD, a physician and regional director at One Medical, told POPSUGAR. "The exact threshold for herd immunity depends on the specific disease."
Dr. Cutler explained that this threshold varies based on how easily the disease is spread. "Measles, which is highly infectious, requires over 90 percent of the population to be immune before herd immunity will be achieved. Meanwhile, influenza can be controlled with a 60 percent level of herd immunity," he said. COVID-19 might be somewhere in the middle: "Most experts expect that coronavirus would require 70 to 80 percent protection to achieve herd immunity."
Herd immunity is typically achieved through a vaccine, such as that for polio. "This is a disease which just a few decades ago brought fear to parents that their children would be paralyzed for life. And although isolated cases still occur in many places, a high enough proportion of people are immune through vaccination that epidemics no longer occur," Dr. Cutler said.
In other cases, like chicken pox, herd immunity has been achieved through vaccination and natural exposure, he explained. "Before the vaccine existed, parents would bring previously uninfected children into contact with the disease to get them infected, and thus immune before adulthood, when the disease could be much more serious."
Why Can't We Achieve "Natural" Herd Immunity to COVID-19?
There are a few reasons. First, "the prevalence rate is not high enough currently to confer immunity in enough individuals," Dr. Bhuyan said, meaning that many more would need to be exposed to achieve herd immunity. "Additionally, we actually know very little about individual immunity from COVID-19." It's still too soon for medical experts to know how many people develop immunity to the disease or how long that immunity lasts, which means we could be risking people's lives with little to no hope of achieving the desired outcome.
That's where things get particularly dangerous with COVID-19 — because while some would argue that the virus isn't that deadly, that simply isn't true. The death rate is much higher for those over 80, Dr. Cutler explained, and "sex, race, and underlying health conditions can also pose increased risk." Bottom line: "This approach to achieving herd immunity assumes vulnerable people will not be exposed, and that is why achieving herd immunity without a vaccine is problematic," he said.
"It would result in millions of excess deaths in the hope of achieving herd immunity through widespread exposure," Dr. Cutler continued. "And even if enough people got infected, there would be no assurance of achieving effective herd immunity." The focus should instead be on developing a safe and effective vaccine as soon as possible.
POPSUGAR aims to give you the most accurate and up-to-date information about the coronavirus, but details and recommendations about this pandemic may have changed since publication. For the latest information on COVID-19, please check out resources from the WHO, CDC, and local public health departments.
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Urban Mind: Mental health in the city and beyond
Urban Mind is a research project that measures the effects of urban and rural environments on mental health, created by a team of lecturers and PhD students from King’s College London, landscape architects J & L Gibbons, and arts foundation Nomad Projects.
The app works by collecting data three times a day for two weeks, by prompting the user to answer questions about how they feel about the environment around them. At the end of the trial, users receive an individualised report summarising their experiences during this period.
The project’s pilot initially called for 50 London-based volunteers, but were flooded with over 600 applications from cites as far ranging as Australia and China.
According to Andrea Mechelli, a professor of early intervention in mental health at KCL, and one of the creators of the app, “the urban living aspect captured people’s attention.”
He added: “Now we’ve started a full-scale study, and the app now works in Cantonese, Mandarin, German, French, and English so it can be used by a wider range of people.”
Urban Mind looks at different dimensions of a space, such as the mix of social and built environments, and how they can impact on a person’s mental health. The app looks at access to green and blue infrastructure, seating areas, easily navigable walkways, and other elements of public spaces, to quantify the effects of creating risk.
When looking at the data, users can track the areas where people feel safe, and where they don’t, and if the built environment makes a direct impact on sunlight and street access. This data is then sent as a report to Urban Mind’s partners, and the Government to provide insight into well regarded areas, and areas that need improvement.
Professor Mechelli said “it’s about understanding and measuring the impact of spaces, like cherished spaces”, and relaying the information back to local communities so that “the spaces that promote social and health value can be protected.”
In Thamesmead, an area that has seen massive regeneration, the data that Urban Mind have collected show a noticeable and trackable difference in how people have interacted with the space in its evolution.
The data that Urban Mind collects goes on to inform future planning and design for the public realm. The team are currently working with housing associations in London to develop methods to counteract the negative effects of the urban environment on mental health.
Over time, the app will be able to measure and record the effects of policy changes and how the Government’s actions are impacting on people’s mental health. This includes the policy change in pollution, from this April, that affects different areas of London.
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Samiddhoma, Samidh-homa: 2 definitions
Samiddhoma means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Samiddhoma (समिद्धोम) refers to the “fuel (wood) of an oblation into a fire”, according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 6.15cd-18]—“[Mṛtyujit] instantly destroys fever as a result of an oblation into a fire fueled with milk tree wood (kṣīravṛkṣa-samiddhoma). This is the oblation that destroys all bad things. [It] consists of five amṛtas: sesame seed, rice, honey, ghee, and milk. [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Languages of India and abroad
Samiddhoma (समिद्धोम):—[=samid-dhoma] [from samid > sam-indh] (for -homa) m. an oblation of f° (to fire), [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Homa, Samidh.
Full-text: Samidh, Pancamrita.
No search results for Samiddhoma, Samidh-homa; (plurals include: Samiddhomas, homas) in any book or story.
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Worms, Methane Experiment Heading To Space Station On Next Supply Mission
Around 37,000 worms and 42 liters of methane are heading up to the International Space Station next week as a part of the orbiting outpost's science missions.
The worms, only about 1 millimeter long, are hitching a ride to space on board a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket as a part of NASA Commercial Cargo Program. The agency pays private companies like SpaceX and Northrop Grumman to ship supplies and science to the station.
University of Exeter researcher Tim Etheridge will use the worms to help figure out why astronauts lose muscle mass when living in space for extended periods of time.
The worms are perfect analogs for humans. "They’re actually genetically very similar, and for the particular use of this experiment, their muscles are both structurally and functionally extremely similar to people. So when we’re talking about understanding muscle changes, worms are a really good module," said Etheridge.
Understanding why astronauts lose muscle will be important for future long-duration missions to places like the Moon and Mars.
Another experiment that aims to help future exploration missions is also heading up to the station. The Robotic Refueling Mission-3 will demonstrate the storage and transfer of liquid methane in space for the first time.
Super-chilled cryogenic fluids like liquid methane can help spacecraft live longer and go farther in space. They’re efficient, and they can be created during a mission like on the moon and used to fuel up visiting spacecraft.
It’s a little more complicated than filling up your car with gas. The experiment, about the size of a washing machine, will be parked on the outside of the station. It will demonstrate storage and transfer of the liquid between two three-foot-tall storage tanks.
NASA’s Hsiao Smith said the experiment is important for future space missions because it "will establish methods for transferring and storing these resources to refuel spacecraft on these exploration missions, laying the groundwork for what could one day be lunar fuel depots.”
Engineers at NASA have preformed previous experiments on the station testing hardware that will help spacecraft transfer cryogenic fuels. The agency one day wants to mine water on the moon and turn it into fuel for deep-space missions.
SpaceX is targeting December 4 for launch of its Dragon spacecraft on a Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
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Do you get enough vitamin D? Or, equally important, are you getting the right kind of vitamin D?
Known as the sunshine vitamin, vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that comes in two major forms: vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol).
However, the two forms can be drastically different.
A December 2010 study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism discovered vitamins D2 and D3 are not used by the body in the same way.
Join special guest, Lorna Vanderhaeghe, MS, to find out which vitamin D you need and why.
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Disordered eating is a serious problem for many people; it comes with health risks and even the potential for death. For many who struggle with anorexia, bulimia or other eating disorders, the bad habits start out seemingly harmless, but snowball into compulsive, addictive-like, harmful behaviors. Young women are most at risk for developing an eating disorder, and spring is the season when many of these disorders take hold.
Young Women and Eating Disorders
Anyone of any age or gender can develop disordered eating habits, but there are certain risk factors. Young women in their teens or 20s are most at risk for developing an eating disorder. Other risk factors include frequent dieting, having an emotional disorder, a family history of eating disorders and important life transitions (e.g., moving or relationship break-ups).
Young women are particularly susceptible to developing eating disorders because of societal pressures to be thin. Collectively, as a society, we value thinness in women and that value is expressed in many ways that affect women. Young women see thinness as important in the media. They experience it among their peers, who strive to be thin. They also may have individual experiences of boyfriends or parents who encouraged them to lose weight.
Season Impacts Eating Disorders
Among the young women at risk for developing eating disorders, college-aged women are especially vulnerable. The National Eating Disorders Association has conducted numerous surveys to collect data on the issue. The data tell us that eating disorders most often begin between the ages of 18 and 21, when women are at college. Eating disorders among this population have increased by a troubling 32 percent over 13 years.
These young women may become particularly susceptible to developing an eating disorder in the spring. The trend begins with dieting. The holiday season has come to an end, the weather is getting warmer, layers of clothing are being shed, and young women start to think of losing winter weight. They also think about losing weight for spring break trips. Sometimes the dieting that college women engage in is extreme. Major calorie restrictions combined with obsessive workout regimens seem—to many young college students—like practical ways to lose weight quickly.
For some young women, this type of dieting may not last long. Many return to normal eating and exercising levels. For others, however, these behaviors set them off on a dangerous path. What starts as a goal to lose weight for spring trips and the summer months becomes a harmful obsession that turns into bulimia, anorexia or another type of disorder.
Avoiding Springtime Diet Obsessions
Women who feel the urge to diet as the weather becomes warmer should know that there are healthy ways to go about slow and steady weight loss. Small dietary changes that include cutting out junk foods and adding in more vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins lead to sustained and normal weight loss. Combining healthy eating with regular exercise, without overdoing it, is the best strategy for getting to and maintaining a healthy weight.
For young women, the pressures to be thin can feel overwhelming and can easily lead to the addictive behaviors that become eating disorders. Instead of succumbing to the pressures, young women need support and education about eating disorders. Most college campuses provide mental health services that can help women cope with stresses and pressures that lead to dangerous eating habits. Campus health programs also provide nutritionists who can help students learn how to craft healthy diets. Changing the importance that society places on thinness will only occur one person at a time.
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Lebanon’s unified exchange rate, in place of the three varying rates it had used in recent years, was a step toward a more consistent value for the pound.
The pound was set at 15,000 per dollar by the Banque du Liban, Lebanon’s national bank. According to individuals familiar with the situation, this depreciated the government rate of 1,500 by 90%. It also brought in the new level in place of two different rates on foreign-currency deposits: 8,000 and 12,000 each.
The decision represents Lebanon’s intention to implement economic changes. This is part of a $3 billion loan it has obtained from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Yet, the country has a considerable way to go before it reaches the unofficial level of around 62,000 pounds per dollar that much of the economy operates at.
What is the impact on Lebanese nationals?
The new rate, on the other hand, offers little solace to most Lebanese people since it mostly affects banking operations. It will influence how quickly they can save or borrow money. The new rate, which boosts customer pound returns, will be applied to customers with foreign-exchange deposits. Yet, the repayments of dollars will grow by an identical amount.
The revised rate corresponds to the one applied by authorities for customs, taxes, and charges. In the face of triple-digit inflation, this occurred after three years of dwindling revenues.
How are distressed markets coping?
Before the IMF executive board can approve disbursements, the agreement says that authorities must take specific steps. Restructuring and auditing the banking industry, as well as shifting to a fair exchange rate, are among them.
Pakistan and Egypt, for example, are both under pressure to devalue their currencies. After the country’s foreign reserves plummeted, Egypt devalued its pound three times in the last year.
Lebanon seeks to put an end to a financial crisis that the World Bank has described as “one of the worst” since the mid-nineteenth century. Three-quarters of the population was impoverished because of the meltdown. But, even though politicians are divided on how to address the country’s problems, no solution has been reached.
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With representation being demanded more, and rightfully so, it is time to draw and color in queer visibility and pride in cartoons and visibility, and not just left to an allusion of lifelong what ifs.
It doesn’t take a deep dive into the comments section of posts related to pride on say, Nickelodeon or Cartoon Network, for example, to see how rooted inequality is. Under the guise of genuine concern for the content consumed by impressionable children, homophobia and hatred is manifested in everything from “this is for kids, stop showing this to the little ones,” “kids are not supposed to know what this is,” to the even more absurd, “I feel bad for the children who have to grow up with this.” Now, there is definitely a lot to discuss, pronging into different pocket conversations that encompass the complexity of the liberation movement of the LGBTQIA+ community. However, with the considerable strides in the understanding of humanity regardless of race, choice, and gender, we know that something as personal as expression and identity isn’t conditioned. Simply put, this is who you are truthfully, proudly.
From careful whispers to critical conversations, the progression of understanding of the spectrum of the LGBTQIA+ community has gone through considerable leaps and bounds from the age-old dictates and binaries we are working towards eliminating altogether. However, as open as the view of the world has become, especially in recent years, there are still those conservatives who insist that being gay is a product of context, as if homosexuality can be simplified as a function of osmosis. So, by virtue of this stubborn understanding, cartoons and children’s shows should subscribe to modesty and propriety, because as kids do not better, these drawings of pride and queer representation is denounced as brainwashing them into a choice. Time and time again, the LGBTQIA+ community has made it clear that no one chooses to be gay, what is decided on is whether or not one is honest about to themselves before anyone else.
More Than A Subversion
The profound impact of children’s shows on one’s development is not to be discounted. From the certainty of alphabets and numbers to the concepts of grief and mental health, the amount of thought and care that goes into tackling these topics for a child is powerful in itself. While it does take to subversion and subtlety quite well, it really leaves an impact that informs the way one navigates growing up. We’ve all learned from Big Bird, Elmo, and the rest of the gang on Sesame Street, but never once did they force anything on us. At the end of the day, they respect the process of the kid, as well of their parents, to further the discussion of whatever they learned through song, dance, or cookies. This is why the argument of addressing pride and queerness on cartoons and children’s shows should be left out completely.
Kids don’t just say the darndest things, but they also understand the intricacies of life much better than their adult counterparts. Born into the world without greater bias and prejudice other than a preference of mashed up food, the innocence of children has a better grip on love without labels, people feeling different, and loneliness than a grown up ever would. And yet it is the far more informed that subscribe to homophobia, whether it be outright or internalized, insisting that pride has no place in cartoons. This is why the presence of queer characters in mainstream media is still lauded for breaking ground, because the acceptance, and not just tolerance, for queer characters and cartoons are still far and in between. Notice how a lot of it has been veiled on the insinuation of what ifs. Hello, Bert and Ernie.
Related: WOOF! THIS FILIPINO ARTIST IS LETTING THE DOGS OUT IN THE QUEER-POWERED EXHIBIT, GOOD BOYS
Pride Exists, Even In Cartoons
While the function of subconscious has worked wonders, threading relevant and necessary social issues to the stories of cheerful resolve and candid coming-of-age, the time has come for these lessons about the real world be drawn out and taught the way it should be, without fear to be seen, heard, and felt.
“It’s the way we help kids grow,” says Carol Greenwald, Executive Producer of Arthur in an interview with Insider. “It’s critical to their social-emotional development for them to feel like they belong in our communities and other cultures, and that everyone else that they encounter belongs.” One of the more forward-thinking programs that have incorporated pride into its cartoon, Arthur showed a gay wedding between their teacher, Mr. Ratburn and his partner. This was a big thing, because everything was explicit, encompassing everything from relationships, rigors of faith, and representation. “If you just see that clip, even if you never watched the show, you know that that’s there,” explains Jeffrey Trammell, writer of Craig of the Creek. “And if you are feeling like you need something to relate to, you know you can come find us and these characters.”
And it cannot be stressed enough how seeing a reflection of yourself on screen is very important in coming to terms with who you are, whatever path that may take you. “Children might not have representation in their communities. They might not have representation in their schools,” cautions AnneMarie McClain, children’s media and education researcher at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “And so media is a source of representation that can help children know that they’re OK and that their identities are valid.”
The Kids Will Be More Than Fine
There isn’t a greater injustice than being told who you are is wrong, or worse, crudely suggested to be erased altogether from being seen altogether. Living life is already hard as it is, stack on more suffering from society and their subscriptions to archaic tradition, then we limit the joy the world rightfully deserves. We have come a long way, yes, but there is a lot more distance to go and steep heights to conquer before coming to the point where discrimination becomes a thing of the past.
A lot of inclusion and expanded representation has already been coloring the minds of the young and old over the past few years. From My Little Pony, Gravity Falls, The Loud House, Star Vs. The Force Of Evil, Sailor Moon, SpongeBob Squarepants, and The Legend Of Korra, queer kids have been made to feel that they deserve a space to tell their story of pride in the highly contested landscape of cartoons and children’s shows. You see, everyone, not just the kids need to learn about the LGBTQIA+ community, and its assimilation through art is the all more important in discovering and accepting one’s truth. “You never know who may see your artwork, so spreading positive messages around queer subject matters could be the one thing that helps someone discover themself,” says Caleb Boyles, the artist behind Cartoon Network’s Drawn To illustrations for pride month. “Art has allowed me to grow from negative and positive life experiences. It’s a way to process and express yourself, to become a better version of you.”
And yet there are still people who want to keep kids away from this pure joy? The audacity. Actually, if you took the time to talk to the children you are bent on protecting from what you think is wrong, they might surprise you with how much compassion and empathy they have towards the community. Now, if this is how Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network is growing up to be, then trust that the kids will be more than alright.
From the out and proud queer character in the Rugrats reboot to the first gay couple on Sesame Street, here are the recent wins for representation of pride in cartoons and children’s shows.
CONTINUE READING: THIS IS YOUR REMINDER THAT PRIDE IS WAY MORE THAN JUST SPLASHING THE RAINBOW ON EVERYTHING ELSE
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What is the theory behind this ADHD Worksheet for Teachers?
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in early to late childhood that is characterised by impulsive behaviours, hyperactivity and difficulty in focusing. It affects all aspects of a child’s life including their academic outcomes. A good treatment program incorporates behaviour management not just at home but at the school as well.
How will the worksheet help?
The worksheet will provide a template that teachers can use to encourage desirable behaviour in the classroom. It will help provide clear, achievable goals and motivation for the child to improve their behaviour. A collaborative effort of parents and teachers can maintain consistency in behavioural training at home and school.
How to use the worksheet?
Teachers can discuss the worksheet with the child’s parents to identify few social and academic problematic behaviours that need to be replaced with desirable behaviours. The behavioural targets should be specific and easily achievable. A star can be given to indicate the child achieved the behavioural goal for that day. Rewards can be decided for each day and a grand reward for collecting all the stars by the end of the week.
ADHD Worksheet for Teachers
Name of Student: _____________________________ Grade: ______________
Name of Teacher: ___________________________________________
|Total number of stars earned daily|
|Total number of stars in a week|
|Daily Rewards for earning total maximum number of stars|
|Grand Weekly reward for earning total maximum number of stars|
Pfiffner, L & Haack, L. (2014). Behavior Management for School-Aged Children with ADHD. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23(4), 731-746.
You can download this worksheet here.
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A black-and-white photographic print mounted on cardboard. The photograph depicts a group of men in front of bushes and trees. There is a dirt road in front of them. The men are in three rows, with the first sitting, the second kneeling behind them, and the third standing behind the second row. All of them are wearing military uniforms and holding rifles, and they have small swords hanging from their belts. One of the men is wearing a traditional Greek Evzone uniform. Two of the men are holding flags, one an American flag, and one a white flag with some kind of insignia containing Greek letters. Most of the men appear to be in their teens or early twenties. There is also a boy in uniform who is probably not more than ten years old. There are groups of civilians standing behind and to either side of the men in uniform.
This picture was donated by Daisy Agres. The man with the mustache standing between the two flags is believed to be John Agreostathes. Agreostathes (or Agriostathis) was born in 1879 and apparently served as an officer in the Greek army before immigrating to the United States. In the lead-up to the Balkan Wars, he organized and trained young Greek men in Chicago. In 1912, it is recorded that they were preparing to travel to Greece to take part in the conflict. This is likely a picture of the men Agreostathes trained. It is unclear where or when the picture was taken and whether these young men actually took part in any fighting. The little boy on the far left is clearly too young for combat. This may suggest that the whole thing was more ceremonial than anything else, or that perhaps the boy was allowed to dress up and be in the pictures but did not actually participate in any training.
Rights and Reproduction
The content on this site is made available for research and education purposes only. The use of these materials may be restricted by law or the donor.
Any other use, such as exhibition, publication, or commercial use, is not allowed except by written permission in accordance with the NHM Image Rights and Reproduction Policy
For questions on image rights and reproduction, please contact firstname.lastname@example.org
Photograph, 1910 – 1913, National Hellenic Museum, https://collections.nationalhellenicmuseum.org/Detail/objects/4862. Accessed 03/23/23.
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If you trust your doctor implicitly, it’s because you probably respect their degree, their years of toil and education, and the number of years of experience they have had on the job. Also, you’re more likely to feel comfortable with someone who has treated you before and done a good job of it. So if you were asked to relate to a machine instead, one that was extremely intelligent and capable of making accurate diagnoses, would you accept? Would you be comfortable letting machines equipped with artificial intelligence diagnose your illness and suggest suitable treatment?
I’m sure most of us would cringe at the thought, but it’s already happening – artificial intelligence is making inroads into the field of medical diagnosis, not as a stand-alone tool that seeks to replace doctors altogether, but as a supplementary aid to assisting physicians come to accurate conclusions in diagnosing some diseases and illnesses.
The advantages that machines with artificial intelligence, or more specifically, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) bring to this field are many:
• They bring down the costs of medical diagnoses and treatment.Of course, there are ethical aspects to letting machines without the ability to feel decide on suitable forms of treatment. But when they are used in tandem with human intelligence, conscience and compassion, ANN make the best supplementary tools for medical diagnosis. And it is because of this reason, that they are excellent supplements instead of stand-alone tools, that there is no fear that machines will put doctors out of business anytime in the near future.
• They can learn from information and data that is made available on a continuous basis, and so, take logical decisions without making errors.
• When doctors are tired and overworked, they tend to make mistakes that affect the lives and health of their patients. Machines are not limited or hampered by physical constraints and can work for long hours without giving in to emotions or fatigue.
• They help minimize invasive procedures - a case in point is the ANN program used last year by the Mayo Clinic to help doctors accurately diagnose patients with the heart infection endocarditis without the need for an invasive procedure, thus reducing overall healthcare costs and costs to the patient as well.
• The highly structured reasoning abilities of ANNs allow doctors to make “educated” decisions based on their intuitions. With ANN, intuition is backed by solid knowledge, a combination that reduces the risk of medical errors by a great percentage.
• They provide doctors with all the facts needed to make accurate decisions, facts that are often ignored or forgotten in the myriad of things going on in the minds of physicians because of their professional and personal lives.
This article is contributed by Ashley M. Jones, who regularly writes on the subject of Pharmacist Technician Certification. She invites your questions, comments at her email address: email@example.com
I think "Machines are not limited or hampered by physical constraints" would be better rendered by using "physiological constraints". Computers certainly have a multitude of physical constraints, none of which they are "aware" of unless a human has anticipated them, and properly installed adequate measures to handle them.ReplyDelete
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Adaptation and innovation in lab intensive engineering courses
When all classes at the University of Michigan were switched to remote due to COVID-19 in mid-March 2020, hardest hit were courses that relied heavily on lab work – courses like many in the electrical and computer engineering curriculum. Within a few months, it became clear that with COVID-19 raging on, the next academic year would not be back to normal.
This is the story of how three different courses were redesigned to survive the pandemic. Some courses will have been forever changed as faculty discovered new ways of teaching that worked well for students.
Flipping the classroom and moving to remote labs
Analog Circuits is a junior-level undergraduate course that covers single-transistor amplifier design and analysis of circuits commonly used in wireless radios, audio amplifiers, and several other interface applications. Prof. Michael Flynn was slated to teach it for the third time in the Fall of 2020, but knew that things had to change.
“There was no way to teach it in the standard way,” said Flynn of this lab-intensive course.
Flynn began talking to colleagues at Michigan and other institutions, and decided on a flipped approach, where students prepare in advance of a lecture, and at least some of the class time is reserved for working on problems and applying what they learned.
Not wanting to simply record a 90 minute lecture, which would Flynn said would be “mind-blowingly boring,” he prepared three self-contained videos.
“Because I was completely rearchitecting the labs,” said Flynn, “I could make the labs fit in much better with the content because I had more control over the content delivery. Everything was planned so carefully – it had to or the wheels would fall off.”
Flynn reached out to his contacts at Analog Devices for lab kits that mimicked the state-of-the-art tools they would normally find on campus.
“I was fedexing boxes out all over the world,” said Flynn.
The course content was stripped down to essential material only, and the labs were completely rewritten with the help of three graduate students.
His efforts paid off. The students said the labs were ‘hard, but really good.’ And Flynn received his best teaching evaluations ever: 4.9 out of 5.0.
Would Flynn consider continuing any of his new teaching techniques post-COVID?
“Yeah, totally. The lab kits are the way to go,” said Flynn. “The students appreciate the chance to do stuff themselves rather than being scheduled in the traditional lab. And the quality of the equipment is very good.”
But he’d want to bring back the team work that was lost with remote teaching.
Flynn even mused about packaging the videos, labs, and a slimmed down textbook for his revised version of the course – a possibility that actually excited the students.
Keeping students engaged in a large introductory EE lab course
Lab kits distributed during the 2020-21 AY
# kits: 1,200
- 53 mailed to 18 countries
- 267 mailed in U.S.
- ~880 picked up by students
- Cost: ~$130K (no cost to students)
Analog Circuits was just one of several courses in electrical and computer engineering that turned to take-home lab kits to give students hands-on lab experience at home.
Faculty in charge of four different undergraduate courses, including three large introductory courses in electrical and computer engineering (with individual enrollments of 100-230 students), went the same route. Each of these courses is normally taught in labs outfitted with industry-standard equipment, with teams of students sitting at each station. These faculty determined that the Analog Discovery 2 (AD2) kit by Digilent would serve well as a core component for a take-home lab kit.
During the 2020-21 academic year, more than 1,000 of these kits, along with additional devices and parts, were distributed to students still on campus, or mailed to those remaining at home. Home included states across the United States, as well as foreign countries, including China, Armenia, Korea, Israel, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and India.
One of the courses using the AD2 was EECS 314: Electrical Circuits, Systems, and Applications, taught by Dr. Alexander Ganago.
EECS 314 has typical enrollments ranging between 175-210 students. It is an introductory course to electrical engineering for non majors, and similar to the sophomore level course, Introduction to Electronic Circuits, which is required for all undergraduate electrical engineering and computer engineering majors.
The AD2 was a hit according to end of semester surveys. One student wrote, “The AD2 is an incredible device. I have quite a bit of lab experience from internships, and everything that was crammed inside that thing was very impressive.”
To keep students on track and help ensure their success, Ganago incentivized completion of the labs, made sure the newly created lab manuals were crystal clear and designed for more individualized student work, and required attendance at the weekly zoom meetings for approval of their lab results and guidance as needed.
Still, there’s no way to replicate a live classroom experience with one that is remote, and it takes more student effort to complete courses.
“Remote learning requires more responsibility from individual students,” said Ganago, “because they may be lacking the instructors’ presence, peer support and teamwork.”
Fortunately, the challenge of solo work was met by most all of the students, and even pushed them to learn the material more deeply.
For example, this statement by an anonymous student echoes what other faculty heard from students in their own classes:
“If the labs had been in person what would have most likely happened is that I would have been in a group with at least one person with lots of knowledge on circuits and they would have been in a hurry to do the lab as quickly as they could (way faster than I could understand) and I wouldn’t learn anything.”
“The use of portable instruments in every student’s hands may revolutionize the teaching,” said Ganago, even after all students have returned to the classroom. Having their own kits allows students to more closely associate theory with practice, rather than waiting for tightly scheduled lab times. Students could also do preliminary experiments with their kits prior to more advanced measurements with the industry-standard equipment available in the labs.
Teamwork in a hybrid course
Experience working with lab partners in teams is core to the ECE curriculum, yet one of the most difficult experiences to provide during the pandemic. Even for courses that were hybrid, meaning a combination of in person and online learning, the 8 ft. distance required between individuals and limited lab space seemed to negate the ability to work in teams.
Nevertheless, Prof. Jim Freudenberg wanted students taking EECS 461: Embedded Control Systems to both come to the lab, and work in teams.
EECS 461 is a class that trains students to work in the multidisciplinary area of embedded control software development. The lab for the course is built around a haptic wheel, which is a mechanical device that allows a human to interact with the computer algorithm through the sense of touch.
“This is a hands-on lab using industrial-strength hardware, and that’s why students love it,” said Prof. Jim Freudenberg, who has been teaching the course for more than 20 years.
There’s simply no way to mimic this setup at home – so Freudenberg, Dr. Jeffrey Cook, and their team of student instructors began planning how to make it work with strict safety protocols in place.
“They were all super heroes,” said Freudenberg of the graduate and undergraduate students who helped transition the lab to hybrid learning.
In the new hybrid scenario, one member of the two-person team would be in the lab one week, and their partner the next, communicating remotely with iPads and other equipment to facilitate remote learning.
Michelle Gehner took the course as an undergraduate student when COVID-19 shut down the University last year, and then transitioned to becoming an undergraduate instructor for the course.
“I really admire the way that the course instructors changed the course to be adapted for a hybrid environment,” said Gehner, whose eyes lit up as she recalled the benefits of being in the lab. “Even for me, being an IA, this was my only in-person course.”
Freudenberg brought the course to ETH Zürich in 2008 at their request, and is now helping them adapt to the pandemic in Switzerland using the successful practices created at Michigan.
He believes that this setup is a model that could be used in industry to facilitate collaboration between people in remote locations, so that an engineer telecommuting to work, for example, could work with an onsite engineer to develop embedded software.
There was no one size fits all approach to redesigning the ECE curriculum for online learning. Some courses introduced take-home lab kits, or offered hybrid learning solutions. Still others resorted to novel solutions that relied on software to mimic electronic devices and equipment (examples found in this article). Those without a major lab component went completely online, and focused their energy on student engagement and new ways of presentation and evaluation of the subject material (read more about how this was accomplished in the graduate course Matrix Methods for Signal Processing, Data Analysis, & Machine Learning).
Many faculty plan to incorporate their creative solutions to student learning into future courses.
However, one point seems particularly glaring, and that is how important the actual physical setting, the bricks and mortar, are to higher education in engineering.
Colleges and universities don’t simply provide the lab space through their facilities, they provide faculty and the student teaching assistants which are essential to providing quality education. They provide a space to work together to find solutions. And they provide the opportunity to build relationships that often last a lifetime.
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A handful of cities across the Midwest and Northeast—old, industrial centers like Detroit; Cleveland; Dayton, Ohio; and Baltimore—are actively recruiting immigrants to help reverse shrinking populations and bolster economic recovery and growth.
Baltimore’s effort to attract immigrant workers and their families is explained in great detail in a story in today’s Washington Post. Led by the mayor, the Baltimore outreach to immigrants is centered around a mayoral order issued last spring that bans police and social service agencies from asking anyone about their immigration status.
These efforts, of course, are remarkable for a number of reasons, not the least of which is the contrast they present with states like Arizona, Alabama, and Georgia, where laws have been enacted to actively discourage undocumented immigrants from coming there, and encouraging those who are there to leave. Of course, much of Arizona’s law has been struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court, putting the other state laws on questionable footing.
My question is whether cities like Baltimore are deliberately planning for meeting the educational needs of these immigrants and their children, especially when it comes to teaching them English. Are frontline educators involved in the planning?
In Dayton, the immigrant recruiting effort does acknowledge the need to provide ESL teachers and literacy coaches.
But in Detroit, for example, the public schools are in great distress, and I think there would be serious questions to ask about the capacity they have to serve even more English-language learners.
A version of this news article first appeared in the Learning the Language blog.
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In the past, traditional aids to navigation (AtoN) were physical aids such as lighthouses, buoys, and beacons. Introducing virtual aids to navigation is one of the greatest achievements in recent navigation history. Although many are still under development, they are already being used by several administrations worldwide.
A virtual aid to navigation consists of a signal sent to a location in a waterway. It is an electronically emitted marker of a hazard. It involves sending information from an AIS station to another location without actually being there. The basic symbol of an AIS virtual aid to navigation looks like a diamond with crosshairs in the center on ECDIS or radar.
These may be reasons why virtual aids to navigation are established.
1. it is not possible, due to location or time constraints, to establish a physical aid to navigation such as a buoy, beacon, or lighthouse.
2. rapid deployment to immediately mark wrecks and prevent accidents by proactive notification.
3. virtual aids to navigation are independent of weather conditions. They are always detected on the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) or radar overlay, providing timely information to mariners.
4. they can be extremely helpful in areas where physical buoys are seasonally raised or relocated due to swell or ice or when a buoy is out of service or damaged due to a natural disaster.
5. Easy installation and less maintenance. If conditions change, virtual aids to navigation are moved or removed.
6. In addition, virtual aids to navigation provide good coverage despite rugged terrain or when approaching from inland waters. Ships can detect dangerous underwater hazards well before approaching them and know if they are on a collision course with a navigational hazard.
Nevertheless, it must also be considered that transmitted position data can be inaccurate. In addition, AIS data is also susceptible to spoofing or jamming. Last, navigation officers are used to traditional buoys and beacons. If they are not properly trained, they may miss this information because it is not visible in reality.
This is what a virtual AtoN looks like in the FleetMon Explorer.
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* 1937 in Berlin, Germany
† 2017 ibid
In 1973, together with artist friends, Johannes Grützke founded the Schule der Neuen Prächtigkeit, of which he became the main representative. It serves him as an instrument to counter the abstract painting that predominates in galleries and museums in those years. In his works, Grützke remained attached to the figurative. His pictorial themes, which are fed by reflections of religious, mythological, and historical content, are often realized in an ironic and grotesque manner. In his works, he is concerned with the relevance of historical material for the present – in a social as well as an individual context.
The scene depicted by Grützke is preceded by a trial of Socrates: In 399 B.C., the philosopher is accused of impiety and of corrupting the youth. His judges are 500 free citizens of Athens who vote on the truth of the accusations. The prosecution demands the death penalty. Socrates, on the other hand, suggests either treating him as an Olympic champion because of his merits or imposing only a small fine on him. Provoked by these demands, the judges decide in favor of the death penalty. The philosopher is taken to a prison, where friends and students try to help him escape. But Socrates rejects these proposals: Even in this situation, Socrates holds that to do wrong (that is, to escape punishment) is worse than to suffer wrong (that is, to have been unjustly condemned). This attitude contributes significantly to the philosopher’s posthumous fame to this day, because: Although he rejects the sentence passed against him, he does not evade it out of respect for the applicable law. The depiction of Socrates in this situation is considered a symbol of freedom of thought and against censorship, fanaticism, arbitrariness and intolerance.
Grützke’s painting starts exactly at this point. The artist shows the slumped Socrates surrounded by six men with identical faces. As the cup in his hand shows, Socrates has already emptied the hemlock potion that will kill him and is paying little attention to the angry hustle and bustle around him. It is irritating that Socrates’ friends, who were present at his death, all appear in Grützke’s painting as self-portraits of the painter. This makes it impossible to identify individual persons, which is entirely in Grützke’s sense: he clones himself, as it were, so that he can be understood as a pars pro toto for all people. But isn’t there a danger in inferring from oneself to others? For the personal Perspective is not always synonymous with the perspective of all other persons. This is precisely what Socrates drew attention to, for it is to him that we owe the realization that our knowledge is limited: that it is only through dialogue with others that we can arrive at new knowledge, articulate and retrieve our knowledge.
Socrates himself left no writings; his philosophy has been handed down only through the records of his students, first and foremost Plato. The fact that Plato’s writings are still available to us today is largely due to their reception by Islamic scholars during the European Middle Ages, during which Christians hardly engaged in the study of ancient writings. The importance of Socrates as one of the cornerstones of European intellectual history, which has been emphasized especially since the Renaissance, is thus due to the circulation of knowledge across different cultural circles.
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Knee pain is not easy to diagnose. Symptoms of illness can be felt by people of all ages. The symptoms felt also vary from mild to even excruciating pain.
Most of them think that a sore knee is just normal. But they don’t know that KneePain is really dangerous. The effects of suffering that are seen for a while are actually able to make the pain last longer. Find out some of the factors that can cause illness by doing some regular checks at the hospital.
Cause or factor
Knee pain can be caused by many things, including: Igrejasirianortodoxa
- Pain in the shell
- Bleeding in the joints
- Knee infection
There are several factors that can cause knee pain. So when you experience KneePain you need to first check what caused it initially. Because KneePain that is too severe must go through various health tests to be more appropriate to handle it. Don’t just check when you have KneePain. Handle directly to the experts.. Because it will make the patient’s condition worse.
Also, keep the diet and also do some small movements such as exercising regularly. exercise does not need to be heavy enough to do some light movements to be able to accelerate blood circulation.
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https://www.igrejasirianortodoxa.com/uncategorized/knee-pain/
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Orishas and Their Tools
Learn about the traditional tools and toolsets used by the Orishas, the spirits in the Yoruba religion, in their rituals and offerings.
The Divine Messenger is generally known in Yoruba culture by the name Esu. Among those who practice the Yoruba religion in the West, the Divine Messenger is commonly known by the name Elegba. Esu is considered one of the many Spiritual Forces in Nature which is called "Orisha".
The word "Orisha means "Select Head" in a cultural context, Orisha is a reference to the various forces in nature that guide consciousness, according to Ifa everything in nature has some form of consciousness called "Ori".
The Ori of all plants and humans is believed to be guided by a specific force in Nature (Orisha), which defines the quality of a particular form of consciousness. There are a large number of Orisha and each Orisha has its own awo.
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Free bookkeeping tests and quizzes - test your knowledge on all things related to double-entry bookkeeping such as source documents, debits and credits, journals and ledgers, chart of accounts and the accounting equation
These tests are made up of about 9, 10 or more quiz-type questions.
You will find it helpful to read up on each topic by clicking on the graphic links to the relevant pages of our website.
These tests/quizzes can also be found at the bottom of each of those pages so you can first study the information provided and complete the quizzes immediately online whilst you are there to help you retain what you have just read.
Alternatively, print off the pdf version of the accounting quiz of your choice below.
The first page has the questions, and the second page has the answers.
1. Accounting Source Documents Bookkeeping Test
Source Documents questions:
Here is a sampling of the questions:-
What is a source document?
When are credit notes issued?
Who gets the document?
Are there many different types of documents?
What is common about source documents?
A document issued when a sale is made is called what?
What should be done with source documents when no
What are accounting source documents commonly called?
Can bills only be paid by internet banking?
read the topic:
Read up on accounting source documents to be able to answer the questions.
Leave me a comment in the box below.
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Pregnancy-related deaths across the United States, already the highest among developed countries, increased as the COVID pandemic hit in 2020, with Black women suffering the highest mortality rates.
Maternal deaths in the United States were already increasing for several years before the pandemic. But the onset of COVID made things worse, new data show.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention last week reported that 861 women died during or soon after pregnancy in 2020, up from 754 deaths in 2019. The mortality rate rose from about 20 deaths per 100,000, to about 24.
The greatest increase in deaths was among Black women, for whom the mortality rate was 55 per 100,000, a sharp increase from the previous year — and three times the rate for white women. For Hispanic women, the death rate increased from about 13 to about 18 per 100,000.
The CDC report did not include state-specific data, but the same trends observed nationally — increasing overall death rates and wide racial disparities — are also happening in Massachusetts, according to earlier studies.
The data show the crisis is worsening despite years of attention and initiatives in Massachusetts and across the country to tackle racial disparities in maternal health and reduce serious complications during pregnancy and childbirth.
“Those are incredibly high numbers,” said Dr. Nawal Nour, chairwoman of obstetrics and gynecology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital.
“Maternal mortality has been front and center as an issue. There’s been all these efforts to address it, think about it, to ensure that we’re well aware of preventive measures — and yet, you look at the numbers, and they still are increasing.”
Maternal health experts said the data reflect the fact that people of color are at greater risk of pregnancy-related complications — and at greater risk of severe illness and death from COVID.
In rare cases, pregnant women have died from COVID, though the CDC report did not specify how many maternal deaths were related to COVID and how many from other causes.
Pregnancy-related deaths can occur from severe bleeding, infections, heart disease, and other issues. Most of these deaths occur during or after a birth. And most are preventable.
The start of the pandemic in 2020 disrupted medical care for pregnant women. In-person appointments shifted to telehealth, and ultrasounds were delayed. Some hospitals sent pregnant patients home with cuffs to remotely monitor their blood pressure.
But these disruptions in care meant that complications — such as the early stages of preeclampsia, a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure — might have been missed, said Dr. Julianne Lauring, a maternal and fetal medicine physician at UMass Memorial Medical Center.
“Routine prenatal care has a purpose,” she said. “We need to be doing it to help improve outcomes. When we tried to stop it, things seemed like they got worse, and these numbers are showing that.”
Even when pregnant patients were allowed to see their doctors in person, some were afraid to come in for fear of catching COVID. Others missed appointments because they didn’t have child care or lost their health insurance because they were laid off during the pandemic, Lauring said.
The trends are concerning even in Massachusetts, a state known for its medical care. From 2014 to 2017, the most recent years for which data are available, the percentage of babies born in the state to parents who received adequate prenatal care declined, and Black women were least likely to receive prenatal care, according to the Department of Public Health. Black women in Massachusetts had the highest death rate and were three times as likely as white women to suffer severe outcomes from labor and delivery.
Last year, lawmakers approved a law enacted by Governor Charlie Baker that created a commission to address racial inequities in maternal health and pregnancy-related deaths.
The worse outcomes for pregnant women of color stem from longstanding issues of structural racism and implicit bias, doctors said. For example, health care providers may be less likely to take seriously the concerns of a Black woman who describes pain or other symptoms.
“Black women may come from a background where there are a lot of socio-economic issues, and if we don’t look with a holistic lens, we miss out on the kind of care that they need and deserve,” added Nour, of Brigham and Women’s.
Also, women who speak a language other than English may receive poor care if an interpreter is not available to help them through an appointment, she said.
The United States lags behind other wealthy nations in the support offered to pregnant and postpartum women, according to a 2020 report from the Commonwealth Fund.
Other wealthy countries have universal access to health care, stronger social safety nets, parental leave policies, and health care systems that incorporate midwives instead of relying mostly on doctors for maternity care, said Tejumola Adegoke, an obstetrician-gynecologist and director of equity and inclusion at Boston Medical Center.
“We’ve had this data on deaths for decades, and the numbers have actually only gotten worse, not better,” she said. “Until we have those things, we are going to continue seeing these inequities.”
Priyanka Dayal McCluskey can be reached at email@example.com. Follow her on Twitter @priyanka_dayal.
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China: More Mobility with Fewer Cars through a GEF Grant
Since our days in school, we have often been told to first define our terms before doing anything else. China is a country that does not shy away from acronyms, and “TOD,” or transit-oriented development—a concept that merges land use and transport planning—is one such acronym that has become wildly popular within the field of urban development.
So, recently, when government officials from seven Chinese cities and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development gathered to launch the China Sustainable Cities Integrated Approach Pilot Project on the topic of TOD, it was clear that they all had the same definition of this three-letter acronym.
Or did they?
“What’s the right radius for a TOD zone?” These were some of the definition questions raised by the cities in the last and longest session of the technical discussion. Instead of looking confused or frustrated by debating definition items at the end, eyes lit up and backs got straighter; participants realized that they weren’t the only ones who didn’t follow an exact, formulaic definition of TOD. It became clear that everyone was in the same boat and had the same questions, and that
Led by the World Bank and supported by the Global Environment Facility, the China Sustainable Cities Integrated Approach Pilot Project had its official launch in Shenzhen on September 6th. The project is helping seven major cities, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Ningbo, Nanchang, Guiyang, and Shenzhen, to incorporate TOD principles into future urban and transit policies and plans. In parallel, the project will support the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development to create a national TOD platform for sharing data and best practices on TOD for these cities and beyond.
“Adopt, adapt or abandon,” was a saying that one of the keynote speakers highlighted as an approach to TOD standards from other parts of the world. What might be considered a walking distance in a temperate city, for example, may not be the same for a city with a consistently blazing hot sun, or one with freezing winds in sub-zero conditions. Similarly, the scope of a TOD zone in a city that is high in bike access may be larger than those that are not (and we continue to uncover more patterns every day through big data from dock-free bike sharing). Despite its intuitiveness, everyone decidedly agreed that blindly adopting U.S. TOD guidelines (often considered the origin of TOD as a concept) should not be done.
Although there is no one-size-fits-all definition for all cities across the world, the World Bank TOD Community of Practice has a general description that allows for flexibility:
TOD is a planning and design strategy to ensure compact, mixed-use, pedestrian and two-wheeler friendly, and suitably dense urban development organized around transit stations. It embraces the idea that locating amenities, employment, retail shops, and housing around transit hubs promotes transit usage and non-motorized travel.
Although they may not have left the project launch knowing the exact radius for their city’s TOD zone, the city officials did leave with one sure thing: TOD with Chinese characteristics is on its way.
- Join the World Bank TOD Community of Practice and continue the discussion on TOD with us
- Subscribe to our Sustainable Communities newsletter
- Follow us on Twitter (@WB_AsiaPacific @WBG_Cities) and Flipboard
I am currently writing my doctorate and practicing TOD development in China. Would love to be part of the conversation of HSR Development in China
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CC-MAIN-2023-14
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https://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/tod-with-chinese-characteristics-localization-as-the-rule-rather-than-the-exception?CID=SURR_WBGCitiesEN_D_EXT
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BP: Dispersing Oil or Criticism?
Toxic chemicals helped the oil giant save face, but their health and environmental impacts are unknown
Terry J. Allen
BP was slow to staunch the hemorrhage of oil from the Deepwater Horizon blowout, but it wasted no time applying vast quantities of the chemical dispersant Corexit. By mid-July, BP had released almost 2 million gallons of the chemical into the Gulf ecosystem.
BP and Corexit manufacturer Nalco claim the chemical reduced damage from the spill, and was as harmless as dish soap.
But dispersants do not lessen the amount of oil in the environment. Rather, they break oil into tiny drops that have different, but not necessarily fewer, toxic properties. After more than three months, the fundamental question lingers: Did Corexit do more harm than good?
Aside from questions about their safety and efficacy, dispersants have proven useful, critics charge. By breaking down the oil, Corexit has made it less visible, disguised the full environmental impact of the spill and helped BP limit its legal and financial liability.
In addition to surface application, BP injected 700,000 gallons of Corexit a mile deep at the blown-out well head. This untested experiment caused oil to become suspended in great plumes before it reached the surface, further obscuring the quantity of leaked oil. An added bonus for BP is that marine life killed by the plumes dies out-of-sight, sinking to the ocean floor rather than dying on camera in oil-coated misery.
Indeed, investigators now admit they don’t know where most of the 200 million-plus gallons of spilled oil has gone. But much of it, they assume, formed oil-plus-dispersant droplets that are being incorporated into sea life in unpredictable ways.
BP has used two dispersant formulations in the gulf – Corexit 9500 and 9527. The older formula, Corexit 9527 – which contains 2-butoxy ethanol, a compound associated with headaches, vomiting and reproductive problems at high doses – is more toxic.
BP used “limited” quantities of the more dangerous formula to fill the gap until his company could ramp up production of the “improved” formula, Nalco spokesman Charlie Pajor told In These Times. But Pajor refused to quantify the amount applied.
In mid-May, Environmental Protection Agency head Lisa Jackson said she didn’t know for sure how much of each formulation was deployed, but she understood that use had been “roughly 50/50.” At that point, BP had applied at least 400,000 gallons of Corexit.
Despite decades of use, there is a paucity of good independent data on Corexit’s short- and long-term effects. But there is evidence that the interaction of dispersants with oil creates a toxic synergy worse than any of the ingredients alone.
A 1999 report on Corexit 9500 for the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Spill Prevention and Response found that under some conditions: “Following dispersant use … the toxicity of the resulting oil residue (on an oil mass basis) may be increased.”
Concerned about toxicity, the United Kingdom has banned Corexit for offshore use in the North Sea.
The EPA response has been scattered. On May 13, facing charges that safer alternatives to Corexit were available, Jackson said BP was free to pick among any of the 18 agency-approved dispersants. Then in a May 20 directive, the EPA announced it “requires BP to identify a less toxic alternative.”
The company balked, and the EPA caved. The agency admitted it could not readily find a safer alternative since data in the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule was provided by the companies themselves, and had been criticized as unreliable.
The EPA was reluctant to challenge BP. “If you’re going to tie our hands, then we don’t own this spill,” BP Vice President David Rainey warned.
In a corner, Jackson told BP to “establish an overall goal of reducing dispersant application by 75 percent from the maximum daily amount.” That wording allowed BP to use the day of highest dispersal – 70,000 gallons – as the benchmark. Jackson was then able to accurately (but misleadingly) claim that BP had reduced dispersant use by 68 percent. In fact, the average daily use had only gone down slightly, from 24,700 gallons before the directive to 22,600 after it.
“[Dispersants] make the oil more soluble in water, so it won’t just sit on the surface,” Jackie Savitz, senior scientist with Oceana told CNN. “Whether that’s good or bad depends on whether you’re a fish or a seabird.”
Or a BP executive trying to mitigate fines and payouts based on the quantity spilled and the damage done.
“The bottom line,” says Hugh Kaufman, an engineer in the field of hazardous waste and emergency response who has worked at the EPA for four decades, “is that the EPA and government reaction documents the fact that dispersants were used to protect the economic health of BP at the expense of the environmental health of the Gulf.”
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At a first-order approximation, age of sample dated with radiocarbon may be determined by comparison of 14C/12C ratio in the analysed sample with that in the modern biosphere. The simplest assumption is that the 14C/12C ratio at the moment of organism’s death was the same as in the modern biosphere. This assumption, however, is not fulfilled, and in routine dating several corrections must be applied. The most frequent corrections concern: isotopic fractionation, past variations of atmospheric 14C and reservoir effect.
Isotopic fractionation terms dependence of rates of chemical reactions and physical processes on the mass of isotope. For example, all carbon atoms undergo photosynthesis, but for lighter carbon atoms this process is relatively faster. Therefore the ratio 14C/12C in plants is always smaller than in the atmosphere. This fact must be taken into account in 14C dating.
One suitable measure of fractionation is the ratio 13C/12C. For example, this ratio in natural carbonates is ca. 7‰ higher, while in most plants ca. 18‰ lower than in the atmosphere. Fractionation effects for 14C are twice as great as for 13C.
Magnitude of isotopic fractionation in fossil samples may be assessed by measurement of 13C/12C ratio. This ratio in organism also depends on isotopic fractionation and, as both isotopes involved (13C and 12C) are stable, it does not change after death of organism and may be measured in the laboratory. Measurement of 13C/12C in a sample enables correction of 14C/12C ratio, since in most processes fractionation for 14C is almost exactly twice that for 13C. As a rule, concentration of 14C is expressed after its normalisation to 13C/12C ratio in the standard of modern biosphere.
Isotopic fractionation occurs also during several stages of sample preparation for 14C measurements. Therefore the measured 14C/12C ratio must be normalised, using parallel 13C/12C measurement or measurement 13C/12C in sample prepared in identical manner.
Correct radiocarbon age is most easily determined for remnants of organisms, which during their life derived carbon from the atmosphere. Organisms deriving carbon from aquatic environemnts usually have lower 14C/12C ratio than in the atmosphere. This is the so called “reservoir effect”. Radiocarbon age of such organisms’ fragments is usually too old and should be corrected by subtraction of “reservoir age”.
Reservoir age of surface water of seas and oceans is well known (300-800 years). In terrestrial water bodies (rivers, lakes) reservoir age may be very diverse (between 0 and 2000 years) and for each aquifer must be separately determined.
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Historians of the British Empire have long recognized the hunger strike—famously embraced by suffragettes in Britain, and by nationalists in Ireland and India—as a transnational tactic of democratic, anti-colonial resistance.
Schooling Diaspora: Women, Education, and the Overseas Chinese in British Malaya and Singapore / Karen M. Teoh
In 1899 the Straits Chinese physician and community leader Lim Boon Keng made the case that female education was beneficial to the community as a whole: ‘Keep your women in a low, ignorant and servile state, and in time you will become a low, ignorant and servile people – male and female!’ (p.
In recent decades historians, postcolonial theorists and feminist scholars have demonstrated how, in a variety of geographical settings, gendered stereotypes supported the conquest and domination of overseas territories by European colonial regimes.
Writing in Macmillan’s Magazine a few years after the denouement of the Crimean War, Thomas Hughes, author of Tom Brown’s School Days, declared that this conflict’s ‘drama ...
The Indentured Archipelago: Experiences of Indian Labour in Mauritius and Fiji, 1871–1916 / Reshaad Durgahee
Between 1834 and 1917, some 1.37 million Indian migrants travelled the length and breadth of the British Empire under contracts of indentureship.
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https://reviews.history.ac.uk/search?f%255B0%255D=taxonomy_vocabulary_4%253A28&%3Bf%255B1%255D=taxonomy_vocabulary_4%253A8&%3Bf%255B2%255D=taxonomy_vocabulary_4%253A10&%3Bf%5B0%5D=taxonomy_vocabulary_4%3A5&%3Bf%5B1%5D=taxonomy_vocabulary_6%3A41&%3Bf%5B2%5D=taxonomy_vocabulary_9%3A56&f%5B0%5D=taxonomy_vocabulary_4%3A12&f%5B1%5D=taxonomy_vocabulary_4%3A15&f%5B2%5D=taxonomy_vocabulary_6%3A42&page=1
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The Importance of Eating Lunch
I have seen a lot of people forgo their lunch whether they are college students rushing to classes, people trying to lose weight, or employees trying to get through piles of paperwork (only to receive even more of them). However, this is a bad habit to develop.
Lunch is an important meal of a day.
-Food is what gives you energy. Lunch raises your blood sugar level in the middle of the day, making you be able to focus for the rest of the afternoon.
-It has been proven that people who don’t eat lunch tend to gain more weight because they overeat during dinner time to compensate for lunch.
-You can make friends with people while having lunch together.
-For kids, lunch is even more important because this is when they get their vitamins and nutrients for the day. If they don’t get the supplements their bodies need, their mental and physical developments could suffer.
In a world where everything is getting more and more fast-paced, people forget to take breaks, but breaks are not a waste of time. They are essential for one’s productivity and health.
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Car wash industry background
Car washing s a relatively new industry in Australia.
The industry has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with businesses evolving from simple car cleaning sites to multi-facility enterprises catering to a wide range of car owners.
And, with an ever-increasing percentage of the population using commercial car washes, there is market share available for new ventures if the site is chosen carefully.
Customer demands for convenience, particularly amongst post-Baby Boomer demographics, have seen a predominantly young male market become broader and include multiple age groups and sexes.
Car wash operators have also met market demands by providing additional and compatible services such as dog wash and vending machines.
All of this and a growing awareness that commercial car washes are environmentally friendly places to clean vehicles – quick, easy and not too expensive.
Car wash operating regulations – the environment
Every commercial car wash site must be licenced to comply with local by-laws, such as requiring all wastewater to be directed to sewer and with water authority guidelines for reducing water use.
Water management is based on strong environmental standards. High-pressure, small nozzle delivery provides the most efficient minimisation of water use. Where practical, water is recycled on-site under risk management plans to maintain satisfactory health and quality outcomes.
All wastewater is directed to a settling pit and then into the sewer, ensuring no pollution of the stormwater systems and waterways. This contrasts with the waterway pollution caused by non-regulated vehicle washing on driveways, streets, or other paved areas where waste flows into stormwater and Australia's fragile waterways.
It is vital for the industry's future growth that positive public education campaigns promote the environmental benefits of using commercial car wash facilities both in their treatment of wastewater and their minimisation of fresh water used.
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There is an increasing amount of drug-related information that is easily accessible from media and interpersonal sources. Recent research shows significant positive associations between information acquisition and nonmedical drug use intentions among college students. This study examines information about amphetamines and marijuana that was actively searched (“seeking”) as well as information that was encountered during routine media use (“scanning”). Data are drawn from a cross-national comparative survey of college students in the United States (N = 734) and in Israel (N = 800). U.S. participants reported seeking and scanning information about marijuana across a broader range of sources than Israeli participants. Among U.S. and Israeli participants, the most frequently searched marijuana-related topics included the benefits of marijuana, negative effects of marijuana use, and political reasons why marijuana should be legal. Participants from both countries reported the benefits of amphetamines, and the negative effects of amphetamine use as the most frequently searched topics about amphetamines. Participants in both countries identified the internet and friends as the most popular sources of drug-related information and noted that physicians, friends, and the internet were the most trusted sources. Implications for research on information seeking and health communication are discussed.
|Number of pages||10|
|Journal||Journal of Health Communication|
|State||Published - 3 Aug 2017|
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Health(social science)
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
- Library and Information Sciences
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The surprising ways that being a teacher can help fuel a successful healthcare career.
January 28, 2020
At Teach For America, we know it takes leaders working in all sectors to change the inequitable systems that prevent all children from receiving a high-quality education. After working as teachers, our corps members go on to many different careers, continuing to impact children’s lives from any number of industries. In this series, we explore the skills corps members gain from the classroom that help them succeed and deepen their impact as they pursue a variety of careers.
Teaching may not be the most obvious step to take prior to entering the medical field, but for many Teach for America corps members, their classroom experiences and skills they gained while teaching led to successful healthcare careers. Here are some of the skills that helped propel them from the classroom to medical school.
Teachers and medical professionals can’t always rely on what’s been proven to work before. They often have to develop and follow through on innovative solutions for the problems they face.
Gen Guyol (Chicago ’11), now a third-year med student at Boston University, equates the two roles: “As an educator, you truly feel what it’s like to have other people’s lives in your hands. Things aren't always going to go your way, especially in the beginning, and you learn how to cope and deal with both success and failure while growing in the process.”
The ability to pick oneself up from failure shows resilience and is crucial to success when challenges arise. Just like the body and mind are dynamic forms that can be unpredictable, so, too, is the classroom.
Careers in the medical sector are known for their intense work commitments. It becomes a challenge to manage all aspects of life when it feels like there is no time for anything outside of work.
The same can be said for teaching: It permeates your life. You spend time outside of class planning and engaging with the greater school community. This includes:
- Creating engaging and fun lesson plans that meet your district’s standards
- Spending hours completing administrative paperwork, including grading and analyzing student outcomes
- Participating in activities outside of the classroom, like coaching a student sport or serving on faculty committees
“When you’re making lesson plans and building relationships with the students, parents, and the school community for the first time, you don’t have a choice but to organize your life,” Gen says.
Jumpstart Your Medical Career—As a Teacher
Before you heal patients, impact students’ lives as a Teach For America corps member.
It can be difficult to explain new concepts to others, especially when the ideas are complex and individuals have different backgrounds and different styles of learning. However, this is a daily exercise in the life of a teacher.
Students come from many different backgrounds, and each has their own unique learning style.
Annie Dotson, MD (Houston ’07), who now works as a physician and primary care research fellow at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, credits the cross-cultural communication skills she honed in TFA to her success in medicine. “As a clinician, I have to be an educator to my patients and convey often really complex topics,” she says.
In the corps, Annie taught high school science at Lee High School in Houston, and her students taught her a life lesson in return.
“It was actually my students who encouraged me to go onto pursue something medical,” Annie says. “They encouraged me to use my skill set in a way that would still impact their communities, just in a little different way.”
Students are much more likely to absorb classroom material if they know they can trust their teacher and feel that their perspectives have been taken into consideration. Likewise, patients are more inclined to stay in good health or recover faster when their doctor builds trust in a compassionate manner.
Dan Tilden (Eastern North Carolina ’08), currently a Medical Resident at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, agrees. “Everything from knowing the social context of my patients to different teaching strategies I used in the classroom helps me to be a better doctor,” he says.
Anthony Sawyer (Mississippi ’10), now an anesthesiology resident at Stanford Health, recounts how the classroom prepared him for a career in medicine. “It takes creativity. It takes innovation. It takes failing and trying again. It takes getting feedback,” he says. “And it takes being vulnerable and asking for help sometimes. You need those traits if you want to succeed in medicine, public health, or any field.”
Medical professionals and teachers alike are often forced to think on their feet. Whether in the classroom or the clinic, unpredictability can be the norm, so being able to consider situations from multiple perspectives is critical to success.
At the heart of both education and medicine is the desire to serve people. Your ability to connect with people and inspire them to be the best they can be, whether in their studies or their health, will take you far in your career.
To learn about more Teach For America alumni who now practice medicine, visit our Medical Careers page or apply to teach in the corps today.
It's not just medicine! Teach For America alumni are excelling in other industries as well. Learn more from our alums about how they took the skills they learned in the classroom and transformed them into successful careers in business, nonprofits, education, media, tech, and policy.
We're a diverse network of leaders committed to expanding opportunity for all children.
Sign up for our emails to learn how you can get involved.
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Grasp Of Education In Science Training
This web site offers a range of high-quality assets that empower educators, directors, mother and father, and the general public to assist bring this vision to life. Science and Engineering Practices describe what scientists do to analyze the pure world and what engineers do to design and construct systems. The practices higher clarify and extend what is supposed by “inquiry” in science and the vary of cognitive, social, and physical practices that it requires. Students interact in practices to construct, deepen, and apply their knowledge of core concepts and crosscutting concepts. When these ideas, similar to “trigger and effect”, are made specific for college kids, they may help college students develop a coherent and scientifically-based view of the world round them.
Harvard University perhaps bears the best status among these and is often deemed the best university on the earth. Other rankings nonetheless, recommend that the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom is one of the best academic establishment. Science—and subsequently science training—is central to the lives of all Americans. Thoughtful and coordinated approaches to implementation will enable educators to encourage future generations of scientifically literate students.
In this work, several teams of students have been asked to draw graphs of elevation, velocity and acceleration as a function of time, for two full jumps of the 2012 Olympic gold medal trampoline routine by Rosannagh MacLennan. We hoped that earlier kinaesthetic experiences of trampoline bouncing would help students make connections between the mathematical descriptions of elevation, velocity and acceleration, which is understood to be challenging. However, only a few of the coed responses made reference to non-public experiences of forces throughout bouncing. Most of the responses might be grouped into a number of classes, which are offered and mentioned in the paper. Although the time dependence of elevation was drawn relatively accurately generally, lots of the graphs of velocity and acceleration display a lack of understanding of the relation between these completely different elements of motion. The Ivy League – an elite group of eight personal schools in the northeast of the United States – can be stated to characterize such establishments.
This may appear an extreme argument at a time when scientists have developed vaccines for Covid-19 remarkably quickly. However, the vast majority of the general public haven’t had an training in science that has adequately ready them for the pandemic or to engage with the far more threatening issue of climate change. Liem Gai Sin, Ph.D is the founder and president of Association of International Business and Professional Management.
Using Cognitive Science For Simpler Lesson Planning
Science Podcast View All Episodes
Crosscutting Concepts assist college students discover connections throughout the 4 domains of science, including Physical Science, Life Science, Earth and Space Science, and Engineering Design. Scientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has industrial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be discovered at /us). Scientific American maintains a strict coverage of editorial independence in reporting developments in science to our readers. This video was requested by a motivated graduating senior at a highschool in Ontario, nevertheless it speaks to students everywhere.
How The Space Race Modified American Training
After Sputnik, the Cold War competition was extending into virtually every facet of American life, together with the classroom. In a five-part sequence, for instance, LIFE journal examined what it thought of the failings of the U.S. academic system in comparison to the Soviets. The first orbiting satellite, it is unerringly described as a beeping, beach ball-sized harbinger of history. The entry of Sputnik, Russian for “companion,” into space marked the explosive beginning of a new part of the Cold War. The competitors additionally spurred American investments in training, significantly in science and engineering, which federal officials believed lagged sorely behind the Soviet mannequin.
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Chapter 17: After ten days there is no word from Rochester, and Mrs. Fairfax says that she would not be surprised if he was gone a year. Jane tries not to be upset by this, convincing herself that she should have no bearing on the actions of her master. After a fortnight a letter from Mr. Rochester comes, saying that he will be home in three days with company. All of the rooms are cleaned and more servants are hired to make ready for the company and the servants they will bring with them. Jane notices that while everyone is doing all they can to prepare, Grace Poole stays up on the third story and only comes down to eat. Jane thinks it odd that no one else seems to notice her strange behavior. She overhears two of the servants talking about Grace, and saying that it is good that she gets paid well, because not everyone could do what she does. When they see Jane, one servant quiets the other, who asks, "Doesn't she know?" to which the first servant answers negatively.
The guests arrive Thursday evening, and Mrs. Fairfax sees that Miss Ingram is among them. The next day Jane notices that Miss Ingram and Mr. Rochester seem to prefer each other. Mrs. Fairfax tells Jane that Rochester wants her to bring Adele into the drawing room after dinner. Adele and Jane enter the room before the others, and when the women come in, only a few nod to Jane, while the others just stare.
Jane describes each of the eight women in the room. Coffee is brought in, and the gentlemen enter. Rochester does not speak to Jane, but stands by the fireplace with Miss Ingram. Jane can not stop looking at him, and she tells the reader that she did not mean to love him. When asked why he does not send Adele to school, Rochester says that it is too expensive. The others say that having a governess is also expensive, and then many go into stories about how useless and silly governesses are. Even this does not make Rochester look at Jane. Miss Ingram tries to change the subject by getting Rochester to sing. He does, and Jane hears he has a wonderful voice, and when he is done, she slips out of the room.
He follows her into the hall, and Jane is on the verge of tears. He asks her what is wrong, and says that if he had the time he would talk to her about it, but that he must get back to his guests. He also tells her that he expects her to appear in the drawing room every evening with the guests, and when they part he says "Good-night, my-" and stops, bites his lip, and re-enters the room.
Chapter 18: One evening in the drawing room the party decides to play charades. Rochester picks his team, and of course Miss Ingram is on it. A man from the party asks Miss Ingram if they should ask Jane to play, and she returns that "she looks too stupid for any game of the sort." Rochester's team plays out a dumbshow where he and Miss Ingram are married, and the other team solves the charade as 'bridewell.' It is then the other team's turn, but Jane cannot relate what their charade was, as she spent the whole time staring at Rochester and Miss Ingram.
Jane says that she could not feel real jealousy, as Miss Ingram was "too inferior to excite the feeling." Jane goes on to say that "she was very showy, but she was not genuine; she had a fine person, many brilliant attainments, but her mind was poor, her heart barren by nature." Jane also relates that she and the other guests had noticed a spiteful antipathy that Miss Ingram had for Adele. She would push her away and order her from the room. Jane says that if Miss Ingram was a noble woman and had won Rochester's heart, she could have admired her, but she sees that Rochester is not won over by her. Jane is surprised that it seems that it is Rochester's intention to marry for interest and connections, but Jane feels herself unjustified in judging him or Miss Ingram for conforming to the ideas of their class.
One day Rochester is summoned to Millcote on business, and the party feels his absence and are not as animated. A stranger arrives saying he is an old friend of Rochester's and will stay until he returns. Jane overhears that the man's name is Mr. Mason, and that he knows Rochester from his travels in the West Indies. Jane is surprised that Rochester's travels took him to such distant shores. The footman enters the room and says that there is a gypsy in the house that will not leave until she tells the fortunes to the party. Miss Ingram wants her brought in. The gypsy is shown into the library and states that she will see no men, but only young and single ladies.
Miss Ingram goes first, but when she comes out fifteen minutes later all of the joy she went in with is gone. She sits in a corner pretending to read, but Jane notices she does not turn any pages. Other of the female guests then go in together, and all come out saying how amazing it was that the gypsy seemed to know them and their wishes so well. The footman then comes up to Jane, saying that the gypsy knows that there is yet another young single woman, and Jane says she will go.
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Vacations can also improve our mental health by reducing depression and anxiety. Vacations can improve mood and reduce stress by moving people away from activities and environments that they associate with stress and anxiety. The same old routine can be mentally exhausting after a while. Whatever your circumstances, escaping to an exciting new land could be just what your doctor prescribed to reduce your anxiety or depression.
Going from a bleak desk job to a well-deserved break in an exciting new environment can help give your mental health the boost it needs. In fact, a study showed that after taking a vacation, travelers feel less anxious, happier and more rested. COVID-19 turned the world upside down. People started working from home, events were postponed until further notice and holidays were canceled.
Now that vaccines are being administered, restrictions begin to ease and summer is fast approaching, it may be time to start planning a getaway. In addition to the immediate danger of COVID, many people were exhausted trying to balance childcare, school, work, relationships, finances, and self-care. When you're in a “go, go, go” state for an extended period of time, your body and mind don't have time to recover. Taking a vacation can reduce stress by keeping people away from stressful environments.
Even a quick getaway can lessen perceived stress and tension for up to 45 days after the trip ends. 1.Women who took two or more vacations per year had a higher level of marital satisfaction than those who took vacations every two years or less, researchers reported in the Wisconsin Medical Journal. Because, apart from the thrill of exploring castles in Scotland, tasting French pastries or catching a wave in Hawaii, taking a vacation has some important benefits. Taking time off can be like tuning your brain, improving your mental health and cognition.
While there may be some temporary vacation benefits for mental health, one trip may not be enough. Not only is it an enjoyable trip for a getaway, but there can also be several mental health benefits of the vacation. A study of lawyers specifically found that vacations can significantly decrease depression and are more effective in reducing symptoms than passive leisure activities. However, before those vacation days run out, be sure to take a look at the CDC guidance on COVID-19 travel recommendations by destination to help you and your family stay safe.
But holidays can manifest themselves in different ways, and perhaps it has never been more necessary to take time off. Once you have a few options in mind, compare them to your budget and the amount of vacation time available to you. Taking a regular vacation could help reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome, a set of health problems that include high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, excess abdominal fat, and abnormal cholesterol levels. A number of studies show that taking a vacation can improve a person's well-being and perceived quality of life, but unfortunately, these improvements may not last long after returning to their usual routine.
The small study concluded that a four-day solo stay in a wellness hotel had a significant, positive and immediate effect on stress and well-being (and suggests that short vacations can be just as effective as long ones). These gains were still present five weeks later, especially in those who had more personal time and overall satisfaction during their vacation. Along with decreasing symptoms specific to mental health conditions, one of the biggest mental health benefits of taking a vacation is its impact on a person's overall well-being. .
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Robots and Transitions
On August 11, 2017, Elon Musk took to twitter to proclaim: If you're not concerned about AI safety, you should be. Vastly more risk than North Korea."
As I work to weld technology into the classroom experience, I do sometimes wonder how much longer my actual existence in the classroom will be necessary for some of my students.
This week we used robots (specifically this robot) to reiterate the importance of transitions in written language. Starting with the premise of "they use transitions all the time in spoken language--how can I tap into that innate usage," I wound up using the robots to put them in a situation where the organic speech mechanism could be tapped.
First, students were given a task list of commands and space at the bottom to write a five sentence explanation of the dance they designed for the robot. The commands in scratch are very demonstrative ("Forward 50 normal," Turn Left 90," and "Turn to Voice").
The sentences pretty much write them selves because of scratch's user interface.
"First Sadie turns to the let and right. Then, she stops. Thirdly, she goes backwards and forwards. After that, she turns left and right again. Fifth she looks up, left and to the right. Next she says hi and neighs like a horse. Finally she repeats it all once more."
It's easy to see how they used the computer programing as a scaffold for the structure of their writing.
This year, I had them write paragraphs and then turn in video tapes of their robot's dance. Next year, I'll probably change that to having parallel boxes on a worksheet. On one side they paste a picture of the code and on the other side they write out the movements. This will allow an easier comparison between programing language and expository writing.
The next few days, we read articles about robots in the classroom and about how the role of the teachers and robots is one that is changing rapidly. After checking for comprehension of the materials via written summaries and quizzes, students are prepped for working on the group essay about robots in the classroom next week. (This will be our exemplar essay that we write as a whole class--unique to each class and its ideas).
When we get to the graphic organizers in two weeks, our work will harken back to this lesson as we examine the structure of the expository essay using the shapes of the blocks for the transitions (that we'll use to make their essays run logically like code!).
I really enjoyed doing this lesson and the students' work speaks for itself.
First Nemo said Hello. Then, he moved forward, backward, and looked up. After that, he impressed us with a light show. Finally looked left two times and did a little dance.
Leave a Reply.
I'm a technology curriculum facilitator, and I'm excited about integrating technology in the classroom.
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Moran Coat of Arms, Family Crest and Moran Family History
Moran Family History
The Moran ancient family history was found in the irishsurnames.com archives.
Surnames developed a wide number of variants over the centuries. Many different spelling variations of the same name can be traced back to a single original root. Also, when a bearer of a name emigrated from Ireland it was not uncommon that their original name would be incorrectly transcribed in the record books upon arrival at their new location. Some names have dozens of spelling variations. Some Surnames were also altered over the years based on how they sounded phonetically, by their sound, and depending on the prevailing political conditions it may have been advantageous to change a name from one language to another. This was especially so in Ireland where most Gaelic names were 'anglicized' at some stage.Variants of the name Moran include O'Moran, McMoran, Morren, Moren, Morrin and several others. These names are anglicized forms of the Gaelic O'Morain and O'Moghrain septs belonging to the Counties of Mayo, Galway, Roscommon and Leitrim, where the two septs held their territory.
A sept or clan is a collective term describing a group of persons whose immediate ancestors bore a common surname and inhabited the same territory. It is also the case that many Irish septs or clans that are related often belong to a larger groups, sometimes called tribes. For example the 'Tribes of Galway' consisted of fourteen distinct families. The 'Tribes of Kilkenny' were ten families, etc.When Gaelic names were anglicized during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries they were often changed to Anglo equivalents that sounded most like their original Gaelic name. Families of this name in County Leitrim also changed their name to Morahan and Morrin especially. O'Morain was Chief of County Mayo and resided near Ballina. O'Moghrain was Chief of Griffon in County Galway and another was Chief of Ballintober, County Roscommon. It is in these areas that the Morans are most numerous in modern times. Distinguished bearers of the name include General James O'Moran, 1739-1794, of Dillon's Irish regiment in the army of France, who was guillotined, and Cardinal Patrick Moran, 1870-1936, of Australia, who was author of 'The Life of Blessed Oliver Plunkett'. The Moran family crest (or coat of arms) came into existence many centuries ago. The process of creating these coats of arms began as early as the eleventh century although a form of Proto-Heraldry may have existed in some countries prior to this, including Ireland. The new more formalized art of Heraldry made it possible for families and even individual family members to have their very own family crest, coat of arms, including Moran descendants.
Meaning of Symbols & Colors on the Moran Coat of Arms
|Sable/Black||Denotes Constancy and sometimes Grief.|
|Mullet/Star of Five Points||Denotes Virtue, Learning, and Piety.|
Wonderful MORAN Gifts For Every OccasionShow Off Your Heritage With Our Range Of
Moran Family Crest Gifts
For a Limited Time We Are Offering Free Delivery.
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Thanks to the sniffling noses, coughs, and colds that accompany the colder months of the year, we are all too familiar with the seasonal patterns of some respiratory viruses. A new review published in Frontiers in Public Health suggests that COVID-19, the illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, will likely follow suit and become seasonal in countries with temperate climates, but only when herd immunity is attained. Until that time, COVID-19 will continue to circulate across the seasons. These conclusions highlight the absolute importance of public health measures needed just now to control the virus.
Senior author of the study Dr. Hassan Zaraket, of the American University of Beirut in Lebanon, warns that “COVID-19 is here to stay and it will continue to cause outbreaks year-round until herd immunity is achieved. Therefore, the public will need to learn to live with it and continue practicing the best prevention measures, including wearing of masks, physical distancing, hand hygiene and avoidance of gatherings.”
Collaborating author Dr. Hadi Yassine, of Qatar University in Doha, affirms and states that there could be multiple waves of COVID-19 before herd immunity is achieved.
We know that many respiratory viruses follow seasonal patterns, especially in temperate regions. For instance, influenza and several types of coronaviruses that cause common cold are known to peak in winter in temperate regions but circulate year-round in tropical regions. The authors reviewed these seasonal viruses, examining the viral and host factors that control their seasonality as well as the latest knowledge on the stability and transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
The researchers explain that virus survival in the air and on surfaces, people’s susceptibility to infections and human behaviors, such as indoor crowding, differ across the seasons due to changes in temperature and humidity. These factors influence transmission of respiratory viruses at different times of the year.
However, in comparison to other respiratory viruses such as the flu, COVID-19 has a higher rate of transmission (R0), at least partly due to circulation in a largely immunologically naïve population.
This means that unlike the flu and other respiratory viruses, the factors governing seasonality of viruses cannot yet halt the spread of COVID-19 in the summer months. But, once herd immunity is attained through natural infections and vaccinations, the R0 should drop substantially, making the virus more susceptible to seasonal factors.
Such seasonality has been reported for other coronaviruses, including those that emerged more recently such as NL63 and HKU1, which follow the same circulation pattern like influenza.
“This remains a novel virus and despite the fast-growing body of science about it there are still things that are unknown. Whether our predictions hold true or not remains to be seen in the future. But we think it’s highly likely, given what we know so far, COVID-19 will eventually become seasonal, like other coronaviruses,” adds Zaraket.
Dr. Yassine states that “the highest global COVID-19 infection rate per capita was recorded in the Gulf states, regardless of the hot summer season. Although this is majorly attributed to the rapid virus spread in closed communities, it affirms the need for rigorous control measures to limit virus spread, until herd immunity is achieved”.
Reference: “Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections: Will COVID-19 Follow Suit?” by Amani Audi, Malak AlIbrahim, Malak Kaddoura, Ghina Hijazi, HADI M. YASSINE and Hassan Zaraket, 15 September 2020, Frontiers in Public Health.
Just think, had the local Chinese officials not initially tried to cover it up, they might have been able to confine it to China. That would have prevented untold trillions of dollars in economic loss throughout the world.
Now, it will be around forever.
Doctors LOVE to say, “Correllation is not Causation”…
But here they are making that error. “Seasonal” illnesses are not seasonal because of behavior changes. People spend time indoors in the summer as well as winter…go to any open air concert and you will be squashed like sardines in the venue.. This is an insufficient explanation for observed Covid spread. If Covid can spread in the air in the summer NOW, then it is rather ignorant to say that it will suddenly become a “winter only” illness because of ANY factor. Viruses dont change behavior, this would violate fundamental physics! This is the first time I have heard this nonsense about herd immunity affording only seasonal protection – they dont say this when talking about any other disease! If herd immunity affords protection, then it protects; if it doesnt protect, then it doesnt – you cannot both claim it protects and then say it doesnt at the same time!
Any theory needs to address all or nearly all of the observed evidence…(allowing that some things we think we observe may be in error)…and should also have predictive power for future observations not yet made (Einstein’s relativity theories were very good at this).
Maybe Covid is just some dark magic and we need to call witch doctors in. Shaking a stick with feathers on it while chanting with drumms beating would be about as useful as these “learned men in labcoats” have been. Wait. Placebo effect would suggest the witch doctors would be MORE effective. (This is sarcasm, not an endorsement of witch doctors!)
What is something unique to Summer, absent in winter, and which is tied to the flu, upper respiratory diseases and also Covid?
Vitamin D…produced from sunshine in the summer!
The fact that Covid can spread during the summer suggests that even with sunshine available, much of the population is still Vitamin D insufficient. The US was estimated to be 42% deficient, and even more people had some, but not enough Vitamin D, making them insufficient…so maybe 60% of the population was ripe to get sick from Covid when it arrived on our shores. That might be considered to be “herd susceptibility” – so many people were almost certai to get sick, it was guaranteed to rip thru the population…
The “flu season” begins at about the time when the small amount of Vitamin D stored up in the body (from summer shunshine) has been consumed, and serum levels fall to the insufficiency or deficiency levels.
The truth is, sometimes correlation IS evidence of causation…in this case, rising and falling levels of Vitamin D serum levels in the population is a sufficient cause/explanation of the rapid spread and fatal outcomes of Covid 19. Why elderly got it and die (they dont make Vitamin D well), why darker skinned people got it (again less Vitamin D produced in dark skin), why Scandinavian countries didnt get it as bad (they eat more Vitamin D in their food supply because they have reduced sunshine), and why the hemisphere having summer has a drop in deaths, as well as equatorial countries, compaired to temperate zones.
COVID-19 fatalities, latitude, sunlight, and vitamin D
Paul B. Whittemore, PhD
The information to see this is available, even thru Google censors, if one looks for it – it’s all those studies doctors refuse to acknowledge that are being published left and right by researchers…
But yet we will continue to wear masks that do absolutely nothing like a bunch of idiots.
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Messaging apps like WhatsApp and Telegram are popular because they encrypt messages and protect communications. However, new research from Symantec reveals these apps may not keep files safe once they arrive on your device.
According to researchers, apps on Android devices can choose to save media like images and audio files through either internal storage that’s only accessible through the app, or external storage which is more widely available to other apps. This doesn’t refer to using external storage like microSD cards, but instead to whether data is stored within the app’s files or on the device’s storage where other software can access it.
WhatsApp, for example, stores media through external storage by default, and Telegram does so as well if you enable its ‘Save to Gallery’ feature. This means that your phone’s gallery app, for example, can display all the photos you’ve received through WhatsApp.
The researchers say that this approach to storage use means malware with access to the external storage could access WhatsApp and Telegram media files, potentially even before a user sees them. In other words, a hacker could manipulate an image without anyone noticing, and theoretically change outgoing multimedia as well.
Researchers call this type of attack ‘Media File Jacking,’ but ultimately it’s a known issue and a trade-off between privacy and accessibility for messaging apps on Android. Using the external storage setting lets apps work better with others and also allows users to move pictures and data freely, at the cost of making it more accessible to attackers. Worse, this isn’t the first time these kinds of issues have popped up with Android phones, with researchers pointing out a similar problem last year.
However, WhatsApp told The Verge in a statement that changing its storage system would limit the app’s ability to share media files and would introduce new privacy problems.
Regardless, users view WhatsApp and Telegram as more than just messaging apps. Instead, they trust these platforms and their encryption with sensitive communications they may not entrust to other platforms. While the researchers say that “no code is immune to security vulnerabilities,” there’s more that WhatsApp, Telegram and Android can do to improve security around storage systems.
Source: The Verge
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Manic Episodes in Bipolar Disorder Linked to Brain Thinning
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Patients with bipolar disorder who experience manic episodes are more likely to show abnormal brain changes over time, according to one of the largest longitudinal brain imaging studies in its field to date. The study, led by researchers at Karolinska Institutet and University of Gothenburg in Sweden, also confirms links between bipolar disorder and accelerated brain ventricle enlargement. The findings are published online in the journal Biological Psychiatry.
Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Previous imaging studies have found structural abnormalities in some regions of the brain of bipolar patients. These abnormalities include lower cortical thickness compared with healthy individuals. The cortex, the outer layer of the brain, shrinks naturally as people age but accelerated cortical thinning has been linked to various brain diseases.
Most previous neuroimaging studies on bipolar disorder have been small and cross-sectional in design, meaning they captured only one snapshot in time. Thus, there has been a lack of large-scale studies that have examined brain changes over time.
In this study, the researchers overcame those shortcomings by collecting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 14 research centers worldwide to examine changes in the brain over a period of up to nine years. The study involved 1,232 individuals, including 307 bipolar disorder patients and 925 healthy controls.
Changes in prefrontal cortex
The researchers found a correlation between the number of manic episodes and the degree of cortical brain changes that occurred during the investigated period: While more manic episodes were related to faster cortical thinning, patients who experienced no episodes showed either no changes or even increases in cortical thickness. These changes were most evident in the prefrontal cortex, which is central for emotion regulation, planning, decision-making, impulse control, and other important cognitive functions.
“The fact that cortical thinning in patients related to manic episodes stresses the importance of treatment to prevent mood episodes and is important information for psychiatrists,” says Professor Mikael Landén at the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, and the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet. “Researchers should focus on better understanding the progressive mechanisms at play in bipolar disorder to ultimately improve treatment options.”
When comparing patients with bipolar disorder and healthy individuals, the changes over time significantly differed in three brain regions: the ventricles – cavities that produce cerebrospinal fluid important for the brain’s protection – and two areas linked to recognition and memory: the fusiform and the parahippocampal cortex. While bipolar patients showed faster enlargements of the brain’s ventricles than the control group, they in fact displayed on average slower thinning of the fusiform and parahippocampal cortical regions.
Signs of neuroprogressive disorder
“The abnormal ventricle enlargements and importantly the associations between cortical thinning and manic symptoms indicate that bipolar disorder may in fact be a neuroprogressive disorder, which could explain the worsening of bipolar symptoms in some patients,” says corresponding author Christoph Abé, researcher at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet. “It is important to clarify this in the future and to identify the exact causes in order to prevent mood episodes and the impact they may have on the brain.”
The researchers note that the finding of slower cortical thinning in some brain areas of bipolar patients could potentially be explained by so-called flooring effects, as bipolar disorder patients usually show lower cortical thickness than healthy individuals to start with. Another possible explanation is that this finding reflects structural improvements due to treatment effects, such as neuroprotective effects attributed to lithium medication. Hence, the brain changes observed in this study may not necessarily reflect changes that occur during the natural course of bipolar disorder if left untreated.
The study involved a large international multi-center team of more than 70 researchers from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Funding for this study and disclosures of interest are listed in the scientific article.
Abé C, Ching CRK, Liberg B, et al. Longitudinal structural brain changes in bipolar disorder: A multicenter neuroimaging study of 1,232 individuals by the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Biological Psychiatry. 2021;0(0). doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.09.008
This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.
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Background: Many Americans like to imagine the history of their nation as one of continual progress. While acknowledging that not all persons and groups enjoyed equal rights at all times, Americans often take it for granted that American history moves in only one direction: toward greater rights, greater freedom, and greater equality. However, from roughly 1867 to 1875, African Americans enjoyed far more political influence and equal rights than they ever had before, or ever would again, until the end of the modern Civil Rights Movement almost a century later. In addition to the disturbance in the social hierarchy created by the end of slavery, the nation experienced the influx of huge numbers of immigrants during the last half of the 1800s, many of whom were viewed by the American population as different and inferior to earlier waves of immigrants. Adding to concerns about social order was the push for women’s suffrage that arose after Civil War. These factors came together to create a threat to White male supremacy and combined to create a period characterized by conflict over race, ethnicity, and gender.
Review the following sources about the differences between primary and secondary sources:
- Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Sources
- How to Research Primary Sources
- How to Research Secondary Sources
- What is Freedom?—Freedom: A History of US in the Films on Demand database in the Ashford University Library
- Alien Menace
- Entertaining Citizenship: Masculinity and Minstrelsy in Post-Emancipation San Francisco
- Identity, Marriage, and Schools: Life along the Color Line/s in the Era of Plessy v. Ferguson
- Whiteness, Freedom, and Technology: The Racial Struggle Over Philadelphia’s Streetcars, 1859-1867
Instructions: Explore the Alien Menace exhibit thoroughly, viewing all of the links. You are not required to answer the questions on the website, but consider them. Watch What is Freedom?—Freedom: A History of US from the Films on Demand database. Based on Chapter 1 in your textbook, the required exhibit, and the film, explain
- Why the last half of the 1800s was a time of conflict over the meanings of citizenship, race, and gender.
- How African Americans, White Americans, and immigrants worked to secure their places in the social and political hierarchy.
Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Provide specific examples to support your points. Your references and citations must be formatted according to APA style as outlined by the Ashford Writing Center.
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Frozen embryos is a term used to refer to those embryos that are not transferred during in vitro fertilization cycles and are subsequently cryopreserved. A frozen embryo transfer can be used to produce a viable pregnancy by first thawing the frozen embryo, and transferring it into an appropriately prepared uterus. Other names for this process such as embryo freezing or embryo cryopreservation have been commonly used. The treatment to establish a pregnancy using frozen embryos has been called a thaw cycle or a frozen embryo transfer cycle or simply an FET cycle.
Pretesting for a frozen embryo transfer
In order to maximize the chances for success using frozen embryos, a woman should have a normal uterine cavity. There are three tests that can be used to assess the uterine cavity:
- Hysterosonogram – In which saline is injected into the uterus and the cavity is viewed with ultrasound
- HSG in which x-ray dye is injected into the uterus and the cavity is viewed with x-rays.
- Hysteroscopy – In which a fiberoptic telescope is introduced into the uterus and the cavity is viewed directly.
If abnormalities of the uterine cavity are discovered, they should be corrected surgically before proceeding with a frozen embryo transfer.
Protocols for frozen embryos transfer
Hormone preparation for FET
Using hormones to prepare the uterus is the most common way in which a frozen embryo transfer is performed. In some cases, the physician may decide to suppress the pituitary gland. This can be done to reduce the chances of ovulation occurring unexpectedly. , Lupron can be used for pituitary suppression. For most women, this will require approximately two weeks of daily Lupron injections. Another medication can also be used to suppress the pituitary gland is called Ganirelix. Ganirelix does not need to be given ahead of time as it works immediately.
The second step in a frozen embryo transfer cycle is to use hormones to duplicate the changes that normally occur in the uterus during a regular menstrual cycle. This requires the use of two hormone medications: estrogen and progesterone.
Estrogen preparation for FET
During a normal menstrual cycle, estrogen is produced by the developing follicle. This estrogen acts on the uterus to thicken and mature the uterine lining. Estrogen is given in a FET cycle for the same reason. There are many different ways that estrogen can be given in a frozen embryo transfer cycle:
- Estrogen pills – Estrace, Premarin
- Estrogen patches – Estraderm, Climera
- Estrogen injections – Delestrogen (estradiol valerate), Depogen (estradiol cypionate)
- Vaginal estrogen – Vagifem, Femring
There is no data that any one method works better than another and a method is usually chosen based on physician preference. We like to use estrogen pills since it is easy to do, inexpensive and very well tolerated.
During the time when estrogen is given, the woman will come to the office periodically to be monitored. A transvaginal ultrasound is performed to determine the thickness of the uterine lining and a blood test is performed to look at the level of estrogen in the blood. On occasion, if the lining is not thickening as it should, the dose or type of estrogen must be increased or prolonged. The length of time the estrogen can be given is very flexible. During this phase, for example, the duration of estrogen may be prolonged to delay the day of embryo transfer to accommodate the patient’s schedule. The monitoring in a thaw cycle is very flexible. Unlike a fresh IVF cycle during which the required days for monitoring are determined by the growth of the follicles in the ovary, in an FET cycle, the days can be adjusted at any time. Thus, a frozen embryo transfer cycle is much less stressful on the patient.
Progesterone in an FET cycle
Once the uterine lining has been thickened sufficiently, progesterone is added. Once the progesterone is added, the Lupron may be stopped. Progesterone matures the uterine lining and makes it receptive to an embryo to implant. Once the progesterone is begun, there is a certain “window of implantation” during which the embryo must be transferred. The stage of the embryo must match the stage of development of the uterus. Therefore, the only factor that locks the patient into performing the transfer on a certain day is starting the progesterone. Once the progesterone is begun, if the embryo transfer is not performed on a certain day, the cycle must be cancelled and a new preparation with hormones must be begun after allowing a period to occur. There are many different types of progesterone that can be used in a frozen embryo transfer cycle. Some of the more common methods include:
- Progesterone pills – Prometrium
- Progesterone injections
- Progesterone vaginal suppositories
- Progesterone vaginal gels – Crinone, Procheive
There is considerable uncertainty in the medical literature concerning which type of progesterone is the best for FET cycles. Again, the choice of progesterone for an FET cycle is up to the discretion of the physician. A few things, however, most experts would agree on. Progesterone given by mouth is unreliable due to variable absorption and subsequent metabolism in the liver. In our practice, we give progesterone as intramuscular injections and with a vaginal gel. In this way, we can ensure that we have used whatever method of progesterone is ultimately determined to be the best.
Once the uterine lining is adequately thickened with estrogen, the progesterone is usually started on a particular day to allow for scheduling of the embryo thaw and embryo transfer for a time that is convenient for the in vitro fertilization laboratory staff. In our practice, we commonly freeze embryos at the blastocyst stage. This is an embryo that has developed for five days in the laboratory. It must be placed into a uterus that has been exposed to progesterone for five days. Our protocol is to start progesterone so that the thaw and transfer occur Tuesday though Thursday, in the afternoon. This allows my laboratory staff to be able to prepare ahead of time for all of the frozen embryo transfer cycles on one day. The afternoon transfer allows them to thaw the embryos in the morning, assess for viability during the day, thaw additional embryos if necessary and still have the transfer the same day.
FET during a natural cycle
If a woman has regular, ovulatory menstrual cycles, a frozen embryo transfer can be performed without the use of hormone preparation. Several studies have shown that the pregnancy rates in natural FET cycles are equivalent to that of hormone prepared cycles. In practice however, these cycles are much more difficult logistically to perform.
In the section above, it was stated that there is a precise window of implantation for transferring frozen embryos. This must be maintained in a natural FET cycle as well. This requires precise determination of the time of ovulation. This can be done by using a home ovulation predictor kit. However, as anyone who has ever used these kits knows, it is sometimes difficult to read them accurately. Although the instructions accompanying the ovulation kits usually recommended that women test the urine once each morning, for FET cycles we recommend testing in the morning and evening. It is also possible to monitor natural cycles using blood tests and ultrasounds just as we do for a hormone prepared frozen embryo cycle. Unfortunately, during a natural cycle, we cannot control the day of ovulation. If the day of embryo thaw and transfer falls regularly on a Sunday or holiday, the transfer will be cancelled.
Stage of cryopreservation for frozen embryos transfer
After an egg is fertilized, it can be grown in the laboratory for up to seven days. Cryopreservation of the embryos has been accomplished at all stages of embryo development. There is no universal agreement as to which stage of embryo development is the best for cryopreservation.
If an embryo is frozen immediately after it has been fertilized (pronuclear stage), the survival of the embryo after thawing appears to be high. However, since the embryo was not cultured in the laboratory first, its potential viability is unknown. Therefore, after the embryo is thawed, it must then be cultured in the laboratory in the same way it would have been if it had not been frozen. It is impossible to predict how many of the thawed embryos will reach the stage of development desired by the physician for transfer. Therefore, a higher number of embryos must be thawed.
If a large number of embryos does reach that stage of development, then there is a dilemma. Either a larger number of embryos must be transferred (which increases the risk of multiple pregnancy) or the extra embryos must be discarded or refrozen. There is very little data about the safety or success of refreezing embryos so it is not recommended.
An embryo can also be frozen after two to three days of embryo development. This is called the cleavage stage. Cleavage stage cryopreservation allows for some limited assessment of the development of the embryos. Some embryos, for example, will not have developed or look abnormal and thus would not be frozen. On the downside, the survival of cleavage stage embryos is lower. As with the case of embryos frozen at the pronuclear stage, cleavage stage embryos can also be cultured after thawing to further help determine the best embryos for transfer.
We freeze embryos at the blastocyst stage. Since the embryos have been cultured for five to six days, this enables the best assessment for viability and thus fewer non-viable embryos will be frozen at this stage. In the past, survival of the embryo after thawing has not been very good. In recent years, however, techniques for freezing blastocysts have improved and in selected centers the survival rate is very good. Blastocyst cryopreservation allows for the thaw and transfer of embryos on the same day.
Pregnancy rates using frozen embryos
There is much confusion about the ability of frozen embryos to produce pregnancy. On initial inspection, the chance for pregnancy using frozen embryos appears to be lower than the transfer of fresh embryos. On closer analysis, however, this may not be true. Find out more about frozen embryo transfer success rates on the follow up page. How long can frozen embryos remain viable ? In 2006, researchers from New Jersey compared the pregnancy rates obtained when embryos were frozen for different lengths of time. The data showed that no difference in the chance for pregnancy was evident even when embryos were frozen for more than ten years. Is embryo freezing safe for the baby?
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Annual U.S. Roadway Fatalities Increase for First Time in Five Decades
After fifty years of annual decreases in death rates for those riding, driving, or walking on US roads, the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) reports that early analysis of fatality rates in 2015 reveal a 7.2% increase over fatality rates in 2014.
Based on preliminary data, the NHTSA estimates that 2,348 additional people were killed in 2015 as compared to the number killed in 2014. Injuries relating to accidents increased from 2.34 million in 2014 to 2.44 million in 2015. Bicyclists and pedestrians were the victims of a fatality rate not seen in 20 years; cyclist fatalities increased by 12.2%, and pedestrian rates by 9.5%. Motorcyclist fatality rates also went up by 8% during 2015. Not since 1966 has there been as large an increase in fatality rates year-to-year.
The increase in fatality rates has left many experts wondering at the causes of the increased number of fatalities. The NHTSA, Department of Transportation, and White House have issued a call to action among safety researchers, policy makers, legislators, and data engineers to take a closer look at the issue. The NHTSA has determined that 2015 saw a stark uptick in the total number of vehicle miles traveled, attributed to increased employment rates; more people were commuting to work and had income for leisure driving, and more young people drove in 2015. However, experts wonder why an increase in the number of effective safety features available in new vehicles has not had more of an impact in keeping drivers safe.
While researchers have not yet determined what exactly caused the dramatic uptick in fatalities in 2015, they have identified certain factors which tend to be present in fatal motor vehicle accidents. According to Dr. Mark Rosekind, the administrator of the NHTSA, “the data tell us that people die when they drive drunk, distracted, or drowsy, or if they are speeding or unbuckled. While there have been enormous improvements in many of these areas, we need to find new solutions to end traffic fatalities.” Nearly half of all those killed in car accidents were not wearing a seatbelt when they died, and almost a third of all fatal accidents involved at least one driver who was intoxicated at the time of the crash. While the NHTSA data reveals that 10% of all fatal accidents involve a distracted driver, these numbers are based on eyewitness accounts and police reports, and many experts believe it is a dramatic underrepresentation of the true influence of distraction on fatal or serious injury accidents.
If you have been hurt in a New York car or truck accident and need help getting the money you’re owed for medical expenses, lost wages, or pain and suffering, contact the Kingston lawyers for car accidents at Rusk Wadlin Heppner & Martuscello, LLP for a consultation, with offices in Marlboro (845-236-4411) and Kingston (845-331-4100).
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In order to get rid of the deaths and suffering due to lack of nutrition, the Government has taken a step forward by creating NNM (National Nutrition Mission) to address this issue. The main aim of this mission is to accomplish improvement in the dietary status of youngsters in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant ladies, and lactating moms.
Ailing health is not an immediate reason for death however adds to mortality and bleakness by diminishing protection from contaminants. There are various reasons for kids’ deaths like rashness, low birth weight, pneumonia, diarrhoeal illnesses, non-transmittable illnesses, birth asphyxia and birth injury, wounds, inborn oddities, intense bacterial sepsis, severe diseases, and so on.
POSHAN Abhiyaan is a multi-clerical intermingling mission with the vision to guarantee the fulfillment of hunger-free India by 2022. The target of POSHAN Abhiyaan is to lessen hindering in distinguished Districts of India with the most elevated ailing health trouble by improving the use of key Anganwadi Services and improving the nature of Anganwadi Services conveyance. It plans to guarantee an all-encompassing turn of events and satisfactory sustenance for pregnant ladies, moms, and youngsters.
POSHAN Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission) is a leadership program of the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD), Government of India, which guarantees union with different projects i.e., Anganwadi Services, Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMKVY), Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG) of MWCD Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), National Health Mission (NHM), Swachh-Bharat Mission, Public Distribution System (PDS), Department Food and Public Distribution, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) and Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.
The Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) is carrying out POSHAN Abhiyaan in 315 Districts in the first year, 235 Districts in the second year and the remaining regions will be shrouded in the third year.
There are various plans straightforwardly/ in a roundabout way influencing the wholesome status of youngsters (long term’s age) and pregnant ladies and lactating moms. Disregarding these, the level of hunger and related issues in the nation is high. There is no shortage of plans except for the absence of making cooperative energy and connecting the plans to accomplish shared objectives. POSHAN Abhiyaan, through a strong combination system and different segments, would endeavor to make cooperative energy.
National Nutrition Mission Scheme
The program, through the objectives, will endeavor to diminish the degree of hindering, under-sustenance, iron deficiency, and low birth weight infants. It will collaborate, guarantee better observing, issue cautions for opportune activity, and empower States/UTs to perform, direct, and manage the line Ministries and States/UTs to accomplish objectives.
POSHAN Abhiyaan was dispatched by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi in Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan in March 2018.
- It focuses on reducing under-sustenance and other related issues by guaranteeing the union of different nourishment-related plans.
- It likewise targets hindering, under-sustenance, weakness (among little youngsters, ladies, and juvenile young ladies), and low birth rate.
- It will screen and survey execution of every single such plan and use existing underlying courses of action of line services any place accessible.
- Its enormous part includes a slow increase of intercessions upheld by ongoing World Bank helped Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Systems Strengthening and Nutrition Improvement Project (ISSNIP) to all areas in the country by 2022.
Components of National Nutrition Mission (POSHAN Abhiyaan)
- Planning of different Schemes contributing towards tending to ailing health.
- Constitution of Convergence Committees at Block, District, and State Level.
- Information and Communication Technology empowered Real-Time Monitoring through PDAs
- Incentivizing Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) for utilizing IT-based apparatuses and taking out registers utilized by AWWs
- Regular development checking of kids at the Anganwadi Centers (AWCs)
- Monthly Community Based Events and Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Day
- Converting the Abhiyaan into a Jan Andolan with the assistance of the local area.
Features of National Nutrition Mission (POSHAN Abhiyaan)
The POSHAN Abhiyaan, as a peak body, will screen, regulate, fix targets and guide the nourishment-related intercessions across the Ministries. The proposition comprises of
- planning of different Schemes contributing towards tending to lack of healthy sustenance
- presenting an extremely strong assembly system
- ICT based Real-Time Monitoring framework
- boosting States/UTs for meeting the objectives
- boosting Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) for utilizing IT-based devices
- dispensing with registers utilized by AWWs
- presenting estimation of the stature of youngsters at the Anganwadi Centers (AWCs)
- Social Audits
- Setting up Nutrition Resource Centers, including masses through Jan Andolan for their support on sustenance through different exercises, among others.
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We often refer to addiction and alcoholism as a disease, but what do we mean by that? We certainly aren’t talking about some airborne, Outbreak-style virus. Some non-addicts despise the disease model, as they believe it to be a mere excuse for destructive behavior. Others have mocked the disease model due to a perceived comparison between addiction and other, more tangible diseases. Comedian Mitch Hedberg, who died tragically of a multiple drug overdose in 2005, once referred to alcoholism in his stand-up routine as “the only disease that you can get yelled at for having.”
The disease model of addiction may be misunderstood by many, but this is a downright shame. Those who enter our programs stand little chance of recovery if they do not understand the element against which they are struggling. In order to cast a little more light on the disease model and what it truly means, we’d like to examine the issue through three separate lenses: that of medical science, that of 12-step programs such as AA or NA, and that of our personal experiences. First, however, we feel we should talk a bit about how the disease model came to be.
Origins of the Disease Model
Our most recent article focused on the work of E.M. “Bunky” Jellinek, the biostatistician whose research resulted in a chart portraying the general timeline of alcoholism. This chart, known as the Jellinek Curve, is generally seen as one of Bunky’s greatest contributions (even if he had nothing to do with its actual formulation). But as a science-minded researcher of alcoholism and addiction, dear Bunky had much time to formulate theories on chronic substance abuse and how it works. And as it turns out, he played a major role in the acceptance of alcoholism as a disease.
That is not to say that Jellinek developed the idea all by himself. Science is essentially a marathon of evolving ideas, and Bunky was passed the baton by Swedish physician Magnus Huss. It was Huss who, in his 1849 essay Alcoholismus chronicus, coined the word “alcoholism” to describe what he perceived to be a chronic disease causing systematic physical damage with occasional periods of relapse. And while comedians like Hedberg may laugh at the perceived comparison between alcoholism and conditions such as lupus, you’ll notice that the description of alcoholism as a disease as determined by Huss shares many similarities with fatal conditions such as cancer.
While Bunky may not have coined the notion of alcoholism as a disease, he certainly assisted in rounding out the theory. In 1960, over a century after Huss had devised the basic disease notion, Jellinek published a book entitled The Disease Concept of Alcoholism. In this book, Bunky provided us with five basic stages of alcoholism. The stages found in this book are not the same as the phases found in the Jellinek Curve, but are rather different forms of alcoholism that alcoholics are more likely to experience at different points throughout their period of active use.
The first of these stages is alpha alcoholism, the stage in which psychological dependence begins to develop. Jellinek did not consider this to be a disease, but rather a symptom of the mere problem drinker. The second stage is beta alcoholism, in which a heavy drinker begins to suffer cirrhosis of the liver. Again, these drinkers were not considered by Jellinek to be diseased, as they had no physical addiction nor suffered withdrawal symptoms during the detoxification process.
The last three stages were considered by Jellinek to constitute a disease. Gamma alcoholism involves increased tolerance and symptoms of dependency, accompanied by a loss of control over one’s drinking. Delta alcoholism is similar, although at this point abstinence becomes much more difficult. The final stage is epsilon alcoholism, the most advanced form of the disease in which the drinker experiences dipsomania, a medical condition associated in the nineteenth century with chronic drunkenness but commonly related to binge drinking as well. Today, it is frequently used to describe any intense physical craving for fluids such as alcohol.
As might be predicted, Jellinek’s work was highly influential in developing a scientific viewpoint of the disease model of addiction, which will be explored in further detail below.
The Medical/Scientific Lens
The above discussion of Bunky’s five stages of the disease concept may make it sound as if medical science has a rather solidified view of alcoholism as a chronic illness, but this is not entirely the case. Jellinek’s work was primarily used to differentiate those who were afflicted by an actual disease from those who simply had a few too many every once in a while. The medical science community as a whole, however, has viewed alcoholism and addiction through a much broader lens in order to determine where it comes from and how it affects the body and mind.
One of the biggest theories regarding the spread of this disease is genetic predisposition. According to the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, our genetic family history is about 50% responsible for our risk of becoming addicted to drugs or alcohol. Our family history in general can be largely responsible when genetic and environmental variables mix in such a way as to create an inclination toward addictive tendencies.
Heritability (the likelihood that we will receive these addictive traits) is often dependent on the substance in question. Two of the most heritable drug disorders are those related to cocaine and opiates. Alcohol is of a more average heritability (as are smoking, sedatives, and even gambling), and three of the least heritable addiction disorders are those involving cannabis, hallucinogens and stimulants. It should also be noted that heritability is more likely to be influenced by social and environmental factors in adolescence. In middle adulthood, genetic influence will reach its peak. If we are not addicted by the time we reach our golden years, the chances of becoming so will greatly decrease.
Another approach that some science-minded individuals take to understanding the disease model is the naturalistic approach. Many naturalists can’t stand the disease model because they feel that it does not fully account for the element of choice. While physical cravings and mental obsessions can be overwhelming, the addict does essentially choose to use their substance of choice. This is why relapse prevention revolves so heavily around ensuring that our circumstances aid us in being prepared to make the right choices. But naturalism actually does fit in with the disease model when we consider the role of dopamine.
Dopamine’s role in addiction is more complicated than some might think. Many are familiar with its role in activating the reward centers of the brain via the mesolimbic pathway, but it actually serves many functions. The D2 family of dopamine receptors can cause pleasure when various activities cause activity between the nucleus accumbens and the frontal lobes, but they can also cause psychosis. These regions of the brain are activated during unpleasant experiences just as often as pleasant ones, which makes a lot of sense when you stop to consider that many addicts and alcoholics are far from the happy-go-lucky hedonists we see on Cheers.
The brain’s D2 receptors can be caused by a broad array of stimuli ranging from drugs and alcohol to text messages and social media, but substance abuse causes some of the most troublesome spikes. These dopamine spikes can damage the associated receptors, which is one of the reasons that the Jellinek Curve discussed in an earlier article notes a decrease in substance tolerance after prolonged periods of heavy use. This is when our cravings become particularly aggressive, and we find ourselves stuck in a vicious negative feedback loop. If you’re wondering how this fits in with the disease model of addiction, South Park actually explains it best. In a semi-recent episode, Satan of all people explains to one of the children (while dropping a heavy dose of NSFW language) that addiction is not unlike type 2 diabetes. In a similar fashion to that in which unhealthy dietary choices can disrupt our ability to properly manage insulin, frequent damage to our dopamine receptors can result in addiction.
The major problem with the pop cultural reference cited above is that the creators of that show have previously exhibited a certain distaste for the spiritual approach to addiction recovery, as evidenced by some of the characters’ comments on naturalism. But while addiction is a disease that can be caused by environment, genetics, or simply enough bad choices to damage our D2 receptors, there is most certainly a spiritual element that cannot be fully explained by approaching the matter through a purely scientific lens.
The Spiritual (AA/NA) Lens
One of the reasons that many members of 12-step groups such as AA and NA will likely find the above South Park clip unsettling or even offensive is that it uses the scientific elements of genetic predisposition and dopamine receptor damage to argue that there is no spiritual component to the disease model. It also outright mocks the notion that addicts and alcoholics must fill their spiritual void in order to stay sober. While everyone is entitled to their opinion, it isn’t too hard to see how this might be a dangerous thing to tell someone in early recovery who may be looking for excuses to put less effort into working their recovery program.
The same show has mocked the spiritual aspect of the disease model before in more direct fashion, with one character denying the disease model and calling AA a cult while another takes issue with the use of the word “God” in the Twelve Steps. But these arguments against the spiritual side of the disease model are based on some common misconceptions that often come into play whenever the “G” word is used. In most AA literature, this word is eschewed in favor of the term “Higher Power,” which is a bit more open to interpretation. If we may, we’d like to other another pop cultural example in the form of a snippet of dialogue from Season 6 of the television series Dexter:
Brother Sam: It’s about surrender to something greater than yourself.
Dexter: I don’t get it.
Brother Sam: Man, just look around. You think you can make the sun come up in the morning? You think you can make the tide come in?
Dexter: No, but that’s the Earth rotating on its axis, the pull of the moon.
Brother Sam: So you do believe in something greater than yourself.
Dexter and his friend Brother Sam are not discussing addiction in this scene (although the topic actually arises surprisingly often on the show), but they are touching upon the manner in which many have chosen to interpret the words “Higher Power.” Not everyone prays to a deity, and that’s their choice. Those who have religion do not have to stretch too far in order to get in touch with the spiritual side of recovery, but others must learn what spirituality means when religion is taken out of it. For many, the answer is simply humility. They come to realize the futility of trying to control their addiction alone. They realize that they do not have as much control over life as they once thought, that there are greater forces at work.
When people talk about the need to fill a void inside of themselves in order to recover, they are talking about the very same void they were trying to fill with drugs and alcohol. A Huffington Post article on the spiritual side of the disease model quotes M. Scott Peck, author of The Road Less Traveled: “We sense that something is missing but don’t know what it is. We long for relief from the aching void inside…but we’re confused about what will ease our existential disease.”
Humility allows the addict to fill this void through spirituality, which many have found in those around them. Recovering addicts and alcoholics who have spent time building a strong and sober support network often find themselves reaching a level of spiritual fulfillment like never before. Their religious views are irrelevant; religious fulfillment necessitates spirituality, not the other way around. Examples of Higher Powers outside of God may include family, friends, AA, NA, or the various nature-based elements and phenomena that keep us all breathing so that we may be connected within a single universe. When we accept that we are not more powerful than forces such as these, we are able to find relief from the void of isolation that once consumed us. If, however, we remain in isolation, then our disease will likely metastasize and our condition will only worsen.
But surrounding ourselves with loving people is not enough. While the spiritual component of the disease model stems largely from our isolation and lack of contentment, many of us also suffer from a sense of restlessness and irritability that interferes with our ability to empathize. We cannot merely partake in the love of others without giving anything back. Brother Sam, the Dexter character quoted above, tells the eponymous anti-hero in one episode that his love for his son will help him overcome the darkness inside of him. More specifically, he tells him that this love fills him with light, and that he must simply learn how to let it out.
In many ways, this relates to the AA/NA notion of service work. We all have people we love, and we are all capable of feeling compassion for our fellow man. But when we keep this light bottled up inside of us, it does nothing to help us heal. Doing good deeds for others helps us to sleep more soundly at night. It gives us a task to cure our restlessness, a soothing sense of well-being to calm our irritability, and a stronger feeling of purpose to ease our discontent. Even the simplest of acts such as sharing our stories with other addicts or making coffee before a meeting can go a long way. Because when we do these things, we become a part of something greater. We are no longer locked away in isolation, as we have revealed ourselves to the world. It’s a darn good feeling.
If one cannot believe in a spiritual component to the disease model without hearing from a scientific authority, look no further than Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung. As the founder of analytical psychology, Jung was a man who understood the human condition. And as the man who introduced the notion of synchronicity to quantum mechanics, he was certainly a man of science. But he was also a very spiritual man, and he recognized the need to fill our spiritual void when he wrote in a letter to AA founder Bill Wilson that addiction was symptomatic of “the spiritual thirst of our being for wholeness.” Having treated many alcoholic patients, he was thoroughly convinced that to attempt recovery without spirituality was a fool’s errand.
In short, addiction is a disease of isolation for which only a spiritual remedy may be sought. But no matter what we say about the spiritual malady afflicted upon the addict, there will doubtlessly still be those who find fault with the spiritual viewpoint of the disease model. This is why we would like to finish with a brief word based upon our personal experiences.
The Personal/Anecdotal Lens
Both the scientific and spiritual takes on the disease model are rather effective in explaining the causes and symptoms of addiction. Yet many still fault the disease model due to their perception that it does not hold addicts accountable for their actions. Of course, this is not entirely true. If our actions were not considered to be an element, then the spiritual remedy discussed above would not place so much focus on learning positive behaviors.
The disease model is best understood by those who have lived it. Those who have entered recovery can often recall many times during which we tried and failed to control our substance abuse. And while it may have ultimately been our choice to use again, this choice was not easily made.
If a non-addict truly wants to understand the cravings and obsession which arise from the physical dependency of alcoholism and addiction, they should try a week-long dietary fast. It will not be more than a day or two before their body begins to crave sustenance. Shortly after these cravings begin, mental obsession will follow. It will be difficult to focus on even the most menial of tasks because the thought of eating and putting an end to the hunger will consume their minds almost entirely. And in an era in which fast food can almost always be found right around the corner, it will be all too tempting to go out and put an end to the craving.
Of course, maybe the non-addict in this scenario thinks they could be successful if they were to simply empty out the refrigerator and cabinets. Perhaps they must merely board up their doors and windows in order to fight off temptation. But even if they take such measures, they will likely find themselves scavenging every corner of the house in the hopes that food has been stashed away and forgotten somewhere. If they are desperate enough, they may even try eating a non-food item such as toothpaste, much the same way that many recovering addicts have relapsed on things such as mouthwash and rubbing alcohol.
We are not saying that no one can make it through a week-long fast. Many can, just as many addicts struggling to control their disease have been able to go a week or even longer without using. But what happens at the end of that week? Think of how intensely a person would enjoy the first meal they were to consume after their seven days of flavorless misery. They may even take their first meal quite ravenously—no time for table manners when you’ve been starving yourself. This is the same intensity with which an addict takes the first drink after a period of abstinence, especially when they have not taken enough time for the symptoms of physical dependency to wear off.
The disease model is largely based on these physical cravings, and the loss of control which results when mental obsession is thrown into the mix. When Bunky Jellinek devised his five forms of alcoholism, he eliminated the first two from the disease model strictly because they did not emphasize this loss of control. For those of us who have experienced this loss firsthand, it can be a devastating experience. We often feel like failures when the urgency of the cravings becomes too much to bear, and this feeling is amplified ten times over if we eventually give in.
Our point is that, while there are certainly some addicts and alcoholics who use the disease model as an excuse for making selfish decisions, there are also many who feel the weight of those decisions but cannot control the intense hunger that is inside of them. The fasting metaphor is not perfect, as drugs and alcohol are not essential to survival. But when we are living with this disease, our body does not know the difference. To the afflicted individual, drugs and alcohol are sustenance. We may know that our substance abuse is killing us, but withdrawal sets in when we try to abstain and the symptoms cause us to feel as if we are going to die. We are trapped, feeling that our existence is bleak no matter what choice we make. This is why we must make both a medical and spiritual recovery if we are to combat this disease.
Addiction is a matter of life and death. Our hope is that, armed with a more thorough understanding of the disease model, more people may choose to live.
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"Painting is poetry that is seen rather than felt, and poetry is painting that is felt rather than seen." (Leonardo da Vinci)
You're ready to write your first poem. What points should you keep in mind as you compose each line, each stanza? Firstly, Kara Zeihl recommends that you set a goal for your poem (http://jerz.setonhill.edu/writing/creative1/poetry-writing-tips-how-to-write-a-poem/#1). Is your purpose to describe an event or to protest an injustice or to tell a tale? Robert Lee Brewer offers five examples that might inspire you to write a poem:
- capture a moment
- steal a conversation
- describe something or someone
- respond to something
- use someone else's line
For more information, visit http://www.writersdigest.com/editor-blogs/poetic-asides/advice/5-ways-how-to-write-a-poem.
Choose a theme for your poem. Remember that a theme isn't just an idea, it's an idea plus an opinion. For example, the Vietnam War is an idea. The senselessness of the Vietnam War is a theme.
Kara Zeihl reminds you to avoid cliches, overused metaphors, similes or expressions. Use images to stimulate the reader's senses. Metaphors and similes are part of the poet's repertoire. Use concrete rather than abstract words as much as possible. The reader is more apt to have a sensory response to words that he or she can imagine like bird or sky or stream rather than peacefulness, happiness and serenity.
Kara Zeihl suggests that you subvert the ordinary. To subvert literally means to turn something upside down. See everyday events in a new way. Come at it from a different perspective. "The best poems get written not by going in the front door of the subject, but round the back or down the chimney or through the window."
Tap into your own feelings. Write about subjects that matter to you. If it matters to you, you're likely to be more passionate about it. Let that passion show in your writing.
Use everything in your toolbox, says Alison Feeney-Hart http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-29538180). Remember the literary devices you learned about in school like personification and alliteration? Well, poetry has poetic devices:
- assonance ex. repeated vowel sounds in words near each other ex. "He's a bruisin' loser!"
- cacophony: a series of harsh unpleasant sounds to convey disorder ex. "My stick fingers click with a snicker/And chuckling they knuckle the keys"
- repetition: the re-use of words and phrases for effect ex. "Cannon to the right of them, Cannon to the left of them, Cannon in front of them, Volley'd and thunder'd"
- rhyme: words that have different beginning sounds but endings that are alike ex. time, slime, chime (Note: Remember rhymes should be natural, not forced. Kara Ziehl suggests that you stick to free verse and save rhyming until you are a more experienced poet. However, I enjoy the challenge of writing a poem that rhymes.)
- contrast: closely arranged things with strikingly different characteristics ex. He was dark, sinister and cruel; she was radiant, pleasant and kind.
- oxymoron: two words back to back which have opposite meanings ex. open secret, tragic comedy, foolish wisdom
- personification: attributing human characteristics to an inanimate object ex. The days crept by slowly, sorrowfully.
- irony: a contradictory statement to reveal a reality different to what appears to be true ex. Edgar Allan Poe's The Raven
For a more complete list, visit http://www.chaparralpoets.org/devices.pdf.
Ideas are great, but if you don't put aside the time to write, you'll never be a poet. Find a regular time to write each day. When I took my online poetry writing course, my daughter was very young. I waited until she and my son were in bed at 9 pm before I started to write. I would get in a solid two or three hours of writing.
Now it's time to grab a pen and paper and start composing the first line of your poem.
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The Chinese biogas digester has been a major influence in the uptake of the anaerobic digestion process globally. In this article, we look at the background of Government Policy, the benefits, the Biogas Programme of Activities (PoA), recent experience and comments. Finally, we conclude on what still needs to be done to reduce China’s burgeoning carbon emissions.
Benefits and Use
Biogas digesters, which are also known as anaerobic digestion plants, are commonly considered to be something brand-new by those in the established nations.
Nevertheless, they have been extensively used for several years in developing countries, specifically India and China, as firewood for food preparation ends up being limited
Besides producing the fuel gas, these Chinese Biogas Digester plants (utilizing the procedure of anaerobic digestion) have the added potential advantage of producing a high nutrient slurry fertilizer and providing much better sanitation on farms.
But although there are already millions of small rural biogas plants there is a huge potential for further development of anaerobic digestion in China.
Why China Originally Chose to Promote the Use of Anaerobic Digestion
Biogas methane provides fuel for cooking, not only saving the forests and the women fetching and carrying heavy loads of fuelwood. Unlike firewood, biogas burns without smoke, thus also saving women and children from respiratory distress and disease. Biogas can be used to generate electricity, prolonging the active hours of the day and enabling the family to engage in social or self-improvement activities or to earn extra income.
The second main reason for anaerobic digestion is that methane is a major greenhouse gas, second to carbon dioxide in amount generated, but with a global warming potential 22 times that of carbon dioxide. The methane flux from the exposed slurry is 3.92 mg per square metre per hour, compared with 10.26 mg per square metre per hour from compost in rice fields.
When was Anaerobic Digestion First Used in China?
According to Kangmin and Ho (2006), the first digestion plant to produce biogas from wastes was built in Bombay, India in 1859. By the end of the 19th century, some simple Chinese Biogas Digesters appeared in the coastal areas of southern China.
Ancient Persians observed that rotting vegetables produce flammable gas. In 1859 Indians built the first sewage plant in Bombay. Marco Polo has mentioned the use of covered sewage tanks in China. This is believed to go back to 2,000-3,000 years ago in ancient China.
The Most Common Chinese Biogas Digester Types and Current Findings
In this article, we discuss continuous and batch digesters, with capacities which are usually below 100 m3. In the case of continuous Chinese Biogas Digesters, we have focused on classical models from India and China, since they are the most suitable types for small and middle-sized rural communities.
Common Digester Types Used Nationally
The batch digester is a system that is very simple and suitable for rural properties in which biomass biowaste availability occurs during long periods.
The nutrients that methane bacteria draw from the raw materials are carbon (in the form of carbohydrates), nitrogen (such as found in protein, nitrite, and ammonium), inorganic salts, etc. Carbon provides energy, and nitrogen is used in the formation of cells. The suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio for rural biogas digesters should be 25~30:1. The carbon-nitrogen ratio changes with different raw materials, and one must bear that fact in mind when choosing a mix of raw materials for the digester.
Most biogas digesters are in remote rural areas, where farmers lack ready access to improved technologies and management methods.
In rural areas, there are more than enough raw materials for biogas fermentation to constitute the material basis for biogas production.
Problems Which Occur
Sadly, according to current experiences in China, the performance of some digesters is unstable, with varying levels of gas production. This should not be considered a failure of the technology.
This is due to the lack of experience among the individual households, limited resources for biogas service support, and insufficient farmer training. Expertise is required to ensure that the digesters function properly, so maintenance and management of Chinese Biogas Digesters require adequate support services and trained staff, which is not available in rural areas.
Much of the investment in biogas technology in China took place in the 2000s. In February 2005, the National People’s Congress adopted the Renewable Energy Law of the People’s Republic of China. This set out the duties and obligations of the government, enterprises and users in the development and utilization of renewable energy and a series of policies and measures. It included total volume targets, mandatory grid connection, price management regulation, and differentiated pricing. There was a special fund, favourable taxing, etc.
Emerging Additional Benefits of Anaerobic Digestion in China
Biogas methane can also be used as fuel for vehicles and is the cleanest biofuel available. Cars run on biogas methane were voted the environmental cars of the year in 2005. Thousands of them are already operating in Sweden, which has hundreds of filling stations supplied by community biogas digesters.
Temperature can be controlled in a few different ways. Chinese Biogas Digesters are typically buried underground and built much larger than they need to be. This way they can be overloaded in the winter months to maintain consistent gas production. Other designs employ a greenhouse or coop house over them. More advanced systems integrate a heat exchanger, which can be heated with solar collectors.
Do Biogas Plants Really Work?
I can guarantee the reader on my life biogas works, and it works great. The ancient Assyrians used biogas to heat their baths in 3,000 BC, the famous gas lamps of Victorian England were fuelled with biogas, Sweden runs all its city buses with biogas and today there are an estimated 50 million households in China using biogas. There are no technical reasons every home in the world is not already using biogas for cooking energy and some light electricity. The failure of any biogas project big or small is a result of violating one or more of these five easy-to-remember steps.
Perhaps the record of uptake is the best answer to this question. We understand that the situation is that It costs $260 to build a small Chinese Biogas Digester. Their government pays half. And, they are going up like wildfire in rural China.
Up to the end of 2005, China has 17 million digesters with an annual production of 6.5 billion m3.
the Biogas Programme of Activities (PoA)
biogas, mostly in rural areas, with 50 million people enjoying the benefits of biogas technology. The annual production of biogas is projected to reach 25 billion m
The Biogas Programme of Activities (PoA)
by 2020. Biogas could provide energy to one-quarter of households in rural areas.
All households using new biogas-fuelled cookstoves have described a notable reduction in indoor air pollution. Biogas mitigates eye inflammations and respiratory diseases such as asthma, tuberculosis and lung cancer, among rural women and children. These diseases have been a serious health issue and, so, women’s and children’s health are benefitting the most.
Recent AD Plant Developments
BioGTS Completes a Biogas plant in central China – The operation of a BioGTS biogas plant was initiated in the summer of 2018. The annual feedstock capacity of the plant is about 31,000 tons of agricultural biomass, including corn and straw. The produced biogas is utilized as a substitute for natural gas in traffic use and injected to the natural gas grid.
Comments on the Biogas Programme of Activities (PoA)
In the beginning, it was hard to find international partners and investors to share the project risks and to help us implement our household biogas programme.
Most of them just smiled at us, when they saw our initial project concept and walked away because they deemed it too ambitious and unattainable. So finally, we did it alone together with our Chinese supporters, Chengdu Oasis and the SREO. And now, against all odds, our Sichuan Household Biogas PoA is one of the leading carbon offset programmes around the globe.
Climate Change Factors
Due to limitations in knowledge and analysis methods, there exist large uncertainties in the present assessment of climate change impacts carried out by various countries.
Studies indicate that climate change has caused some impacts on China, such as sea-level rise in the coastal areas, glacial retreat in the northwest area, and the earlier arrival of spring phenophase. It will also bring about significant impacts on China’s natural ecosystems and social-economic system in the future.
Meanwhile, as a developing country at a low development stage, with a huge population, a coal-dominant energy mix and a relatively low capacity to tackle climate change, China will surely face more severe challenges when coping with climate change along with the acceleration of urbanization, industrialization and the increase of residential energy consumption.
The Role of Biogas Engines in China
Of course, the biogas produced can simply be used for cooking, lighting and space heating for homes, farms, factories and barns. However, there are many advantages to extending biogas use to electricity production and transport by using biogas engines.
Biogas engines are generally suitable for powering vehicles like tractors and light-duty trucks as has been successfully demonstrated in China. From an energy utilization point of view. Biogas can be used to operate four-stroke spark ignition engines.
Electricity Generation is much more efficient for lighting than mantle lamps. Electricity from a biogas plant can illuminate many homes. whereas the same volume of biogas can serve only seven lamps for one hour.
The most obvious sanitary benefit of installing an anaerobic digester system is the improvements to toilet facilities in households. Throughout China and other developing countries, where no sewer system is in place, toilet facilities are in simple shacks.
The toilet is generally a slot in the floor with either a pit underneath or alternatively a trough running to a storage pit behind the building.
In the case of a pit toilet, the slurry in the pit is often literally moving with insect larvae, and in all cases the toilets are smelly and fly infested. For these reasons, toilets are generally located as far away from the other household buildings as practical.
When a Chinese Biogas Digester is installed in a pit the detritus is immediately drained away into the digester. This takes it away from flies, and the high temperature of the digester kills most of the organisms harmful to human health.
How Pig Rearing is Synergistic with Biogas Plant Operation
Northern China has cold winters but enough sunshine. Digesters do not operate below 10ºC, and pigs raised in winter eat but do not fatten. People also lack fresh vegetables in winter.
All these problems are solved with a four-in-one eco-model that provides a greenhouse to plant vegetables, a shed to raise pigs, a Chinese Biogas Digester underneath the pig shed and a toilet in the big greenhouse adjoining the pig shed.
The pigs grow well with manure flowing into the digester together with human excreta.
However, for most of China, low temperatures are not a problem for biogas production. More than half of China’s rural population are in areas where mean ambient temperatures exceed 10ºC, for 8 to 12 months of the year.
Gas production is temperature-dependent, but Chinese sources say production is only inhibited at mean ambient temperatures less than 10ºC.
Sichuan Province Support for Advanced Biogas Digesters
A POA for the province aims to support up to one million low-income rural households in China’s Sichuan province with advanced biogas digesters and smoke-free biogas cookstoves. The small and reliable Chinese Biogas Digester design supported avoids methane emissions from pig manure and carbon dioxide emissions from coal and firewood. In addition, these plants provide the participating farmer households with clean, renewable and free biogas used for cooking, heating, or lighting.
For example, the participating households produce their own renewable biogas energy and organic fertilizer. As a result, they have reported about a 30% increase in disposable annual income.
Therefore, these households save on the expenditures for coal and synthetic fertilizer. In addition, the manure-rich digestate increases agricultural output and revenue. Biogas also reduces the time spent on gathering wood and feeding kitchen fires.
National Plans Which Supported Anaerobic Digestion
During the 10th Five Year Plan, the government invested 35 billion Yuan to promote an ecological model based on biogas. It devoted great effort to developing 2,200 biogas engineering projects for wastes from intensive animal husbandry and poultry treating more than 60 million tonnes of manure a year. In addition, it installed 137 000 digesters to treat sewage.
Since the 1970s, China has been promoting the use of underground, individual household scale, anaerobic digesters to process rural organic wastes. There are approximately 5,000,000 households using anaerobic digesters in China. The Chinese Biogas Digester produces biogas that is used as an energy source by the households and produces fertilizer that is used in agricultural production.
Conclusion to the Chinese Biogas Digester
The country which has made by far the most use of biogas production in agriculture is China, where, particularly in Sichuan province, there are several million working biogas units. This development took place almost entirely within the last 10-15 years. The value of the fertilizer output usually surpasses the value of the energy produced by the process in China. The waste disposal and sanitation aspects of the process are also important justifications for its use.
Despite this action rural China is currently experiencing significant growth in fossil fuel energy consumption, particularly coal and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Their per capita fossil fuel consumption has increased from 54.44 kg standard coal in 2001 to 92.51 kg standard coal in 2008, with an annual average growth rate of 9.42%. Per capita carbon emission from the burning of fossil fuels for domestic energy use in China’s rural areas increased 63.5% between 1996 and 2007.
China clearly needs to do much more to achieve global climate change limitation commitments. China is the second largest energy consumer of the world and is responsible for good part of the greenhouse-effect gases that are thrown into the atmosphere, and thus has invested heavily in environmental protection projects and in the generation of renewable energy. With the adoption of this policy, the Chinese government has substantially stimulated research toward the construction, operation and efficiency of digesters (Sinton et al., 1998; Chen, 1997; Sinton et al., 2000; Martinot, 2001).
In rural China, anaerobic digesters can be important tools in reducing carbon emissions, providing energy for households as well as producing agricultural fertilizer. As mentioned earlier, their benefits of the systems include improved sanitation and conservation of alternative fuels. China must be encouraged to do much more to improve the national uptake, wherever possible, of biogas digestion.
Anaerobic Digestion of Faecal Sludge
Let’s face it, while the topic of anaerobic digestion of faecal sludge, otherwise known as human dung, excrement, poo, poop, shit and excreta, is not a pleasant one. But we refuse to be apologetic to be opening an article about it. It is an opportunity for carbon emission reduction with a host of other advantages […]
Food Waste Depackager Separator from Twister™ Unique Vortex Breakthrough in Europe & Asia
The Twister Food Waste Depackager and Separator is making inroads into new markets due to its sustainably low microplastics production, and low energy use when compared with competitors. Twister revealed today that their unique Food Waste Depackager and Separator has been sold to new clients in Europe and Asia. The small-footprint, low-energy-use plastic waste reprocessing […]
UK Grocery Stores Make Biogas From Food Waste to Power Themselves
It’s a fact that a number of the largest and most successful UK grocery stores make biogas from food waste to power themselves. They save money on waste disposal charges and do all of us a favour by reducing the carbon emissions which are endangering life as we know it on this planet. Think About […]
Anaerobic Digestion in Northern Ireland 2022 and COP26
Anaerobic digestion in Northern Ireland in 2022 looks set for a future of development, especially as we get close to COP26. After a period of low activity and some bad press, the mood is changing. There is no doubt that a huge potential exists for the Northern Ireland biogas industry. Thanks for being with us […]
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Technological adjust occurs consequently rapidly that it is difficult to keep up with it. Consider technological versus non-technical innovations. Considering the various social, economic, and political influences that technological and also other innovations own on contemporary society, the types of inventions that will be deemed designed for licensing are usually important when ever formingulating obvious policy. When specific legal categories may well exist just for inventions defined within a specific technological school (for case in point, medical and substance inventions identified by patents), there are classes for inventions that only produce fresh applications with respect to existing systems. Thus, just for patenting uses, it is important to tell apart between technologies and strictly technological innovations.
It is vital to remember that although scientific progress can often be a net negative in lots of ways (disposable goods, pollution, and lack of progress in necessary infrastructure to get example), technological advances could increase general societal well being by creating new job categories (for example, computer programmers), improving the standard of life through scientific and technological advancements, and even avoiding certain environmental issues via occurring. In addition , technological innovations can often help fix current interpersonal or personal issues by creating new economic options, providing social healing, and altering political power structures. As a result, the kinds of developments that are that are granted us patents are those that create a substantive new scientific benefit with relatively few market-related outcomes. One of the key factors that determines if an invention can be considered to be one of these advancements is whether it provides a relatively limited impact on the current marketplace or will have a sizable effect on the community at large.
A lot of areas that are seeing quite a lot of technological innovations include nanotechnology, genetic design, computer science, and even cognitive science and engineering. These areas have a number of different types of developments under the belts, including computer software, diagnostic devices, pharmaceutical drugs, 3D technology, energy drinks, and even unnatural intelligent automatic androids. Since each of these improvements will have a large impact https://technologyform.com/technological-innovations on population in some way, it ought to be easy to see for what reason getting them patented is an important step for the patent-writing method.
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Image: ovary of a rabbit. Hematoxylin and eosin staining.
Oocyte: it is the female gamete. It is a large cell covered by a pink-stained coat known as zona pellucida.
Primordial follicles: they are the small and abundant follicles found at the periphery of the ovary. Primordial follicles consist of an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of somatic cells. Primordial follicles are generated during the embryonary and perinatal periods, and a few of them enter the maturation process that happens in each menstrual cycle.
Primary follicles: they are activated follicles that started the maturation process. Primary follicles increase the size with many somatic cells organized in two layers: the inner granulosa layer and the outer theca layer. They still lack inner acellular cavity.
Secondary follicles:they are activated follicles in a later maturation stage. They show well-developed granulosa and theca somatic layers. Secondary follicles develops a cell-free fluid-filled cavity known as antrum.
Graffian follicle: it is the last developmental stage of follicles before ovulation. The Graffian follicle is the largest follicle of the ovary, with an enormous antrum. The oocyte is displaced to the edge of the antrum and surrounded by a layer of granule cells called cumulus oophorus.
Granulosa layer: it is the inner layer of somatic cells that form the follicle.
Theca layer: it is the outer layer of somatic cells of the follicle. Theca cells are flattened.
Antrum: it is the cell-free cavity of the secondary and Graffian follicles. It is formed and during follicle maturation and increases is size as development goes on.
Tunica albuginea: it is a layer of connective tissue that covers the ovary.
Hilum: it is a region of the ovary through which blood vessels enter the organ.
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In today’s interconnected world, the role of the software engineer has never been more vital. Tasked with creating the software that keeps modern civilization up-and-running, software engineers stand at the cutting edge of technological progress.
For anyone interested in the rapidly evolving world of software engineering, this blog provides a wide range of informative articles on the subject. Topics range from the importance of software engineering in today’s globalized world to tips for advancing one's career in software engineering.
The information available on this blog will be helpful for professional software engineers, along with anyone considering a career in this interesting and lucrative field.
24 Sep 2020
Software engineering requires both formal and informal education. Most software engineers have a degree in computer science and then branch out into different fields. Many skills can be obtained for free or by doing a short course. More education is often required to demonstrate credentials.
30 Aug 2020
Software testing is often completed by software engineers to ensure that a product or service is of the highest quality. Factors that are tested include the installation, input of information, navigation and usability. Finding software bugs is a significant element of testing. Software testing is also increasingly more complex and necessary to prevent hacking.
13 Aug 2020
Online casino security is one of the top concerns for any gambler. Not only does it protect the member’s funds, but it reflects on the operator’s reputation. There are some factors to evaluate if you want to check if the software is safe to use in USA online casinos.
For an online casino to acquire an official gambling license, it must meet specific criteria. These stipulations ensure that the software is fair to use. Moreover, it protects members from fraudulent activity. Gambling authorities issue particular licenses for different jurisdictions.
Besides gambling licenses, there are also certificates from institutions that audit the software for fairness and proper algorithms. One of these institutions is eCOGRA. Other types of organizations ensure that self-exclusion tools are available for responsible gambling.
Secure Socket Layers protect the data that transfers between the casino’s server and the user’s browser. Without this protection, hackers can easily track your information and steal your account details. Web browsers usually warn you if the website isn’t protected with SSL and prohibit further access. However, it would be best if you always made a habit of checking yourself.
A Random Number Generator (RNG) creates a sequence of random numbers to increase the element of chance in casino games. The system prevents corrupt operators from manipulating the results. Therefore, casinos with reputable RNG systems are safe to use.
Professional auditors and testers check these systems to ensure that all members have a fair chance at winning jackpots and prizes. Some operators openly provide information on their RNG to promote transparency and integrity. Therefore, it’s easy to trust these online casinos.
Another sure-fire way of knowing that casino software is safe to use is to see who the developers are. Software giants like NetEnt and PlayTech have developed a tremendous reputation for their casino games, specifically where it concerns RTP and volatility. If you see any names you aren’t familiar with, it’s better to research them before using the software.
When it comes to financial security, look at what deposit and withdrawal systems are available at the casino. There are specific protocols and measures in place to secure transactions between your bank and the operator’s account. For instance, payments with credit cards and e-wallets like Skrill are some of the more trusted payment methods.
If the casino offers payment methods you don’t recognize, it’s best to walk away. Dodgy operators develop corrupt software in such a way that they look legit. However, it intends to steal your funds and then close your account before you can react.
Online security is of paramount significance when using casino software in the US. Hackers are the only entities out there ready to steal your funds. Instead, there are corrupt operators with systems specifically designed to capture your banking information. Make sure that you only register with licensed casinos with the proper technical validation of their software security.
17 Jul 2020
Software engineering is a great job choice for those wanting a relevant career. There are also plenty of opportunities for job flexibility and progression. A software engineering career is great for technology lovers and those with a thirst for more knowledge about the subject.
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How the North American T-28 Went From Trainer to Warbird
The aircraft saw combat in Vietnam.
Here's What You Need to Know: The T-28 practice aircraft became very useful in counter-insurgency.
When it entered service as a trainer in the early 1950s, few would have likely expected the North American Aviation T-28 Trojan to see use in a combat role. However, the piston-engine T-28—which was designed to replace the World War II era T-6 Texan trainer—possessed such higher performance than its forerunner that it was employed as a counter-insurgency aircraft.
In its training role, the Trojan’s tricycle landing gear helped teach pilots to take off and land in the same fashion as the high-performance aircraft they were training to fly. The T-28 became the primary trainer for the United States Air Force, and was soon adopted by the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps. Even when the Air Force phased it out as the primary pilot training platform in the early 1960s, it continued to use it for limited training for special operations aircrews and for select foreign military personnel, while the Navy and Marine Corps (as well as Coast Guard) continue to rely on the Trojan into the 1980s.
The T-28 was powered by a Wright R-1300 engine, which provided 800 horsepower and gave the aircraft a speedy 190 mph cruising speed and maximum speed of 283 mph. It had a range of 1,000 miles and a ceiling of 25,200 feet.
Trainer to War Bird
Beyond its use as a trainer, the T-28 was employed in combat in the 1960s—and was reportedly first used by the CIA in the former Belgian Congo, while the French Armée de l’Air (Air Force) used modified Trojans in a close air support role in Algeria.
During the Vietnam War, the T-28 saw service with the Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF), where it was used in support of Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) ground operations. The original mission of the aircraft was to train South Vietnamese pilots, but the aircraft proved well suited to a ground support and counter insurgency (COIN) role. Fitted with six underwing hardpoints and redesignated the T-28D “Nomad,” a total of 393 of the aircraft were converted and during the war, and a total of twenty-three were lost.
It was a T-28D Nomad that also has the dubious distinction of being the first U.S. fixed wing attack aircraft to be lost in South Vietnam when Capt. Robert L. Simpson, USAF, Detachment 2A, 1st Air Commando Group, and Lt. Hoa, RVNAF, were shot down by ground fire on August 28, 1962.
While the T-28D Nomad was withdrawn from combat in Vietnam in 1964, it continued to operate with the 60th Special Operations Squadron on missions over Laos and Cambodia.
Additionally, after Royal Lao Air Force Thai national Lt. Chert Saibory defected to North Vietnam with his T-28, the aircraft was commissioned into the North Vietnamese Air Force as its first fighter!
Peter Suciu is a Michigan-based writer who has contributed to more than four dozen magazines, newspapers and websites. He regularly writes about military small arms, and is the author of several books on military headgear including A Gallery of Military Headdress, which is available on Amazon.com.
This article first appeared in February 2021.
Image: Olga Ernst / Wikimedia Commons
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What prot does bitcoin use
Is bitcoin UDP or TCP?
Bitcoin uses a simple broadcast network to propagate transactions and blocks. All communications are done over TCP. Bitcoin is fully able to use ports other than 8333 via the -port parameter.
What p2p protocol does bitcoin use?
The Bitcoin network protocol allows full nodes (peers) to collaboratively maintain a peer-to-peer network for block and transaction exchange.
|“tx”||Relay→SPV||Serialized transactions from the new block that match the bloom filter|
How do bitcoin nodes communicate?
Bitcoin is a so-called gossip network. They announce any new object to all of their peers (just the hash of the data). If the peer doesn’t know the object yet, it asks for the full object.
How is the bitcoin network connected?
How can I join the network? That’s the spirit. All you need to do is download (and run) a bitcoin client. When you run the client it will connect to other nodes and start downloading a full copy of the blockchain (the file that contains all the verified transactions).
Is there a TCP port 0?
Port 0 is a wildcard port that tells the system to find a suitable port number. Unlike most port numbers, port 0 is a reserved port in TCP/IP networking, meaning that it should not be used in TCP or UDP messages. Network ports in TCP and UDP range from number zero up to 65535.
Does bitcoin use UDP?
UDP is used with bitcoin too, by the Fibre protocol. As far the common Bitcoin P2P protocol goes UDP is not an especially good fit for most operations that it performs. Bitcoin needs to reliably send messages far larger than an IP packet, like transactions and blocks.
Is Bitcoin TCP IP?
As this post suggests, bitcoin, the digital currency that uses the blockchain to record transactions, is considered the email and the blockchain that of HTTP or TCP/IP.
Can Bitcoin be replicated?
A transaction using a digital currency like bitcoin, however, occurs entirely digitally. This means that it is possible to copy the transaction details and rebroadcast it such that the same BTC could be spent multiple times by a single owner.
Are Bitcoin transactions peer-to-peer?
Bitcoin / BTC (shorthand) – A form of digital currency created in 2009, that is created and distributed on a peer-to-peer basis. It has no central bank – transactions are conducted directly between individuals. Bitcoin is the most popular kind of cryptocurrency.
Where is Bitcoin network located?
Blockchain is decentralized and hence there is no central place for it to be stored. That’s why it is stored in computers or systems all across the network. These systems or computers are known as nodes. Each of the nodes has one copy of the blockchain or in other words, the transactions that are done on the network.
Can Bitcoin be hacked?
Bitcoin transactions are recorded in a digital ledger called a blockchain. Blockchain technology and users’ constant review of the system have made it difficult to hack bitcoins. Hackers can steal bitcoins by gaining access to bitcoin owners’ digital wallets.
Is the Bitcoin network on the Internet?
Bitcoin transactions heavily rely on the internet as the primary avenue for conveying data to miners. However, it does not mean people will stop using bitcoin if the internet goes down. This article shows other alternatives that users could still pursue to conduct bitcoin transactions if there is no internet.
How do I run bitcoin?
Bitcoin Core GUI. Open the Start menu, type bitcoin into the search box, and click the Bitcoin Core icon. You will be prompted to choose a directory to store the Bitcoin block chain and your wallet. Unless you have a separate partition or drive you want to use, click Ok to use the default.
Can the government shut down bitcoin?
Crypto Ban: Experts Say DeFi Cannot Be Shut Down By Governments.
Is bitcoin on a server?
Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency created by an unknown person or group of people under the name Satoshi Nakamoto and released as open-source software in 2009. It does not rely on a central server to process transactions or store funds.
Who owns the most bitcoin?
Who is the wealthiest person in cryptocurrency? According to the Bloomberg Billionaire Index, Changpeng Zhao—founder of cryptocurrency exchange Binance—is estimated to be worth $96 billion, making him the richest person in cryptocurrencies.
How long does it take to mine 1 Bitcoin?
about 10 minutes
How Long Does It Take to Mine One Bitcoin? In general, it takes about 10 minutes to mine a block, and a block will award a number of coins to whoever mines it.
Why is Bitcoin 21 million?
Bitcoin inventor Satoshi Nakamoto, the anonymous name used by the creators of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency, designed the cryptocurrency essentially as digital gold and capped the Bitcoin maximum supply to mimic the finite quantity of physical gold.
How many bitcoins are left?
How Many Bitcoins Are There Now in Circulation?
|Total BTC in Existence||19,019,206.25|
|Bitcoins Left to Be Mined||1,980,793.8|
|% of Bitcoins Issued||90.568%|
|New Bitcoins per Day||900|
|Mined Bitcoin Blocks||733,073|
How many bitcoin are left 2021?
As of June 26, 2021, there are 18.74 million bitcoins in circulation. It takes 10 minutes to mine a bitcoin. About 20% of bitcoins are lost. The last bitcoin will be mined in 2140.
How many ethereum are left?
Well, the world’s second-largest crypto has a slightly different set-up from bitcoin. Whereas only 21 million BTC will ever exist, ether’s circulating supply currently stands at 120 million.
How many ETH blocks a day?
Total blocks processed per day.
|Latest Period||Apr 24 2022|
|Last Updated||Apr 24 2022, 23:03 EDT|
|Next Release||Apr 25 2022, 23:00 EDT|
|Average Growth Rate||10.05%|
Which is better ETH or BTC?
Ethereum’s transactions tend to be processed faster than Bitcoin’s, but this comes with higher “gas fees” that users have to pay. Gas fees compensate network participants who validate transactions on the platform. These fees can be costly to new investors, even for small transaction amounts.
Who holds the most Ethereum?
Top 10 Owners of Grayscale Ethereum Trust (ETH)
|Stockholder||Stake||Total value ($)|
|Rothschild Investment Corp.||0.09%||7,572,519|
|Kingfisher Capital LLC||0.04%||2,924,075|
|Rye Brook Capital LLC||0.03%||2,654,575|
|Arrow Capital Management, Inc.||0.02%||1,404,499|
What is the biggest crypto wallet?
Bitcoin Rich List
|Address||% of coins|
|1||34xp4vRoCGJym3xR7yCVPFHoCNxv4Twseo wallet: Binance-coldwalletBalance:252,597 BTC ($9,861,212,997) Ins:711 Outs:449||1.33%|
|2||bc1qgdjqv0av3q56jvd82tkdjpy7gd..vw97 wallet: Bitfinex-coldwalletBalance:168,010 BTC ($6,558,988,149) Ins:91 Outs:78||0.8833%|
How long does it take to mine 1 Ethereum?
Q #2) How long does it take to mine 1 Ethereum? Answer: It takes around 7.5 days to mine Ethereum as of September 13, 2021, at the hash rate or hashing power of 500 mh/s with an NVIDIA GTX 3090 that hashes at around 500MH/s. With a GPU that hashes at around 28.2 MH/S, it should take much longer.
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On 5 November 1605 Londoners were encouraged to celebrate the King’s escape from assassination by lighting bonfires, “always provided that ‘this testemonye of joy be carefull done without any danger or disorder'”. An Act of Parliament designated each 5 November as a day of thanksgiving for “the joyful day of deliverance”, and remained in force until 1859. Although he was only one of 13 conspirators, Fawkes is today the individual most associated with the failed Plot.
In Britain, 5 November has variously been called Guy Fawkes Night, Guy Fawkes Day, Plot Night and Bonfire Night; the latter can be traced directly back to the original celebration of 5 November 1605. Bonfires were accompanied by fireworks from the 1650s onwards, and it became the custom to burn an effigy (usually the pope) after 1673, when the heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, made his conversion to Catholicism public. Effigies of other notable figures who have become targets for the public’s ire, such as Paul Kruger and Margaret Thatcher, have also found their way onto the bonfires, although most modern effigies are of Fawkes. The “guy” is normally created by children, from old clothes, newspapers, and a mask. During the 19th century, “guy” came to mean an oddly dressed person, but in American English it lost any pejorative connotation, and was used to refer to any male person.
William Harrison Ainsworth’s 1841 historical romance Guy Fawkes; or, The Gunpowder Treason portrays Fawkes in a generally sympathetic light, and transformed him in the public perception into an “acceptable fictional character”. Fawkes subsequently appeared as “essentially an action hero” in children’s books and penny dreadfuls such as The Boyhood Days of Guy Fawkes; or, The Conspirators of Old London, published in about 1905. Historian Lewis Call has observed that Fawkes is now “a major icon in modern political culture”. He went on to write that the image of Fawkes’s face became “a potentially powerful instrument for the articulation of postmodern anarchism”[h] during the late 20th century, exemplified by the mask worn by V in the comic book series V for Vendetta, who fights against a fictional fascist English state.
Guy Fawkes is sometimes toasted as “the last man to enter Parliament with honest intentions.”
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It's not that hard to throw a sandwich together, but being more strategic in your sandwich layering strategy could make the difference between a sloppy sandwich and one that keeps its ingredients together as it should.
NPR consulted Eat More Better author Dan Pashman for the sandwich engineering advice. One of the best tips, when you've got ingredients that can slip out of your sandwich, is to create more friction:
"Give a lot of thought to the interior layering of your components," [Pashman] says. In particular, "watch out for slippery components like sliced cucumbers, tomatoes and avocados."
He calls this "the sliced cucumber conundrum." But it can be solved with "the silver lining of greens." Instead of keeping all the slippery ingredients together, Pashman recommends separating them with thin layers of greens in between to create friction.
"The other thing to take into account is the hardness or crustiness of the bread," he says. The harder the bread, the harder the bite required and the more likely the inside ingredients are going to slip out under pressure.
Also, triangle sandwich shapes rule. While you're at it, here's how to protectively wrap your sandwich.
Check out the full post below for more delicious advice, including how to warm up a sandwich in a pop-up toaster.
Friction Can Save Your Sandwich, and Other Tips for Better Bites | NPR
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Minimum Impact – Leave No Trace environmental principals by hikers
The "Minimum Impact - Leave No Trace" environmental principals by hikers applicable to the Maloti-Drakensberg Park.
Plan ahead & prepare
- Know the rules and regulations of the Park.
- Prepare for extreme weather and emergencies in terms of clothing, equipment and food.
- Plan your route and use a hiking map, a compass or GPS to assist you.
- Hike in groups of between 4 and 8, but no more than 12 in the wilderness area.
- Complete the mountain rescue register correctly and in detail.
- Be aware of the security risk on the escarpment or in Lesotho and do not leave your equipment unattended.
Travel & camp on durable surfaces
- Walk on existing trails and camp on durable surfaces such as rock, gravel or dry grass.
- Camp 100m or 5 minutes walk from the trail and water.
- Good campsites are found and not made.
Dispose of waste properly
- If you packed it in, then please pack it out!
- Bury solid human waste, hygiene products and toilet paper at least 15cm deep.
- Wash and defecate 100 m or 5 minutes walk away from water, campsites, caves, and trails.
- Use biodegradable toilet paper and washing products.
Leave what you find
- Take only pictures, leave only your footprints!
- Protect and preserve our cultural heritage.
- No camping is allowed in caves containing rock art or artifacts.
- Leave plants and other natural objects as you found them. DO NOT deface rocks with graffiti.
- DO NOT build cairns or other structures.
Minimise camp fire impacts
- Fires are not allowed in the Park except in designated camping sites.
- Fires and the collection of firewood devastate the environment.
- Use lightweight camping sloves for cooking and gas or candle lanterns for light.
- Respect the environment around you.
- Do not disturb or feed animals.
Be considerate of other visitors
- Respect and protect the quality of other people's wilderness experience.
- Avoid loud voices and noises such as radios.
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Every now and then I come across something that was designed with a flaw. In my hotel room this weekend it was the Heater / AC unit. The unit was extremely difficult to get set to the right temperature, and we had to fiddle with it all the time.
This looks fairly typical right? Alas, it is flawed:
- “Cool” shows up twice in two different selects
- “Warm and Cool” temp setting is actually the room temperature at which the cool or warm air cuts off and reverts back to fan, not the temp of the air coming out.
A better design would have been to eschew the bottom right control all together. Add an “Off” Option to the fan speed switch (because “off” is in fact a speed), and let the cool warm dial speak for its self. By adding temperature increments around the dial, the user can simply set the temperature they want and leave it.
This would require a more advanced circuit board, but not drastically – and the user would not have the momentary frustration that comes with using a confusing set up. (Not to mention waking up freezing cold, or sweating!)
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Environmental Education - A Foundation to the Youth-led Climate Movement
Updated: Sep 29, 2020
This guest piece was written by DJ Alejandro, a member of the Hines lab and 4th cohort of the RIPTIDES program. A Bay area native, DJ is studying how microplastics pose a potential risk to ocean food webs. DJ is exceptionally enthusiastic as a scientist, teacher, and student. You can expect that DJ will bring his passion for the ocean and environment to whatever work he does.
As we approach the one-year anniversary of the global climate strike, it is becoming widely recognized that the youth of this generation are now taking matters into their own hands. Is it stories like Greta Thunberg, the now 17 year-old phenom from Sweden, who started this so-called “eco-revolution”? Although she has become what Time Magazine describes as “the face of a global youth-led movement,” she correspondingly describes herself as simply “one of many faces.” Well before Greta’s strike in front of the Swedish Parliament, youth climate activists around the world were already in long- standing battles against environmental injustices in their local communities. From Jamie Margolin, founder of the Seattle-based climate activist group Zero Hour, to Adriana Salazar, activist from the Aymara indigenous community in the Bolivian Andes, the climate crisis had already transcended national borders and impacted communities on a global scale. The convergent development of this worldview was a mystery to me. How are young people unanimously able to make such an informed and unified stance on the state of the planet?
My journey to find the answer started with the 2019 Climate Strike. What has become an annual event recognizing our ongoing fight against a rapidly changing climate, I believe the 2019 Climate Strike can be considered the first fruit to ripen from a set of ideals which were planted more than a half-century ago. In 1969, a professor (Dr. William B. Stapp) from the University of Michigan’s School of Natural Resources published The Concept of Environmental Education, the first journal that defined “environmental education” and urged for the inclusion of the subject in youth education. A few months later, Earth Day, the first international gathering that beamed a spotlight on environmental conservation, was assembled by Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson on April 22, 1970. Discussions of conservation emerged as early as 1960; however, these events further highlighted those philosophies so much so that they likely influenced the passing of the National Environmental Education Act that same year. The humble beginning of the Environmental Protection Agency was also instituted that year and, thanks to the Nixon Administration, officially brought environmentalism into the political conversation.
Throughout the 70s and into the new millennia, schools, particularly in the K-12 grade band, slowly began to see the inclusion of environmental education in the classroom. It was only after some research that I realized that with the support of specialized government sectors and the sprouting of environmental non-profits around the country, cities in America and around the globe were eager to ingrain their youth with a little green thumb. To further my initial hypothesis, I sat down (via Zoom, of course!) with three Bay Area educators from different economic sectors and asked them to share their thoughts on the importance of environmental studies in youth education. Here are their responses:
Contra Costa Water District (CCWD)
The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta is the primary source of usable water for all of Contra Costa county, even extending its influence to Central and Southern California communities by way of the California Aqueduct. Water resource management, in the context of water for human consumption, is handled mostly by the CCWD, which services over 500,000 residents in the Contra Costa area. I interviewed CCWD’s Education Coordinator and Public Information Officer, Justin Favela, who leads the watershed education programs offered by the government-funded agency. He goes on to describe the intent of their curriculum package:
“Kids get to go out there and see with their eyes and with their own two hands how many different industries, people, and animals that rely on the Delta. There’s an indelibleness that people think that it’s indestructible, but it’s not.” – J. Favela
The watershed educational programs are intended for grades 3-5, continuing to build students’ knowledge of their local watershed with each subsequent year. Field trips include a Delta research voyage, a visit to the Los Vaqueros Reservoir, and a tour of a local water treatment facility. Coupled with a slew of classroom presentations, kids are educated on topics that include: (1) Where their water comes from; (2) Where their waste water goes; (3) Proper disposal of waste items; (4) The importance of conservation in the Delta region.
“It’s so powerful when you catch a kid at the end of 5th grade and they really understand. These kids understand so much more about their source water and that’s awesome! Even if they don’t get into water, they at least know the worth of water.” – J. Favela
While there are no specific performance indicators for the program’s success, Justin goes on to describe how a few students who’ve been through the water program have gone on to high school and are now thinking of pursuing higher levels of education in civil or environmental engineering. If that isn’t an indication of success in and of itself, then I don’t know what is.
The Marine Science Institute (MSI)
The Redwood City non-profit, founded in 1970, was created “on the idea that putting students in direct physical contact with their local bay environment will help cultivate their natural sense of curiosity, enrich their understanding of science, and foster a responsibility to protect the environment.” Now entering their 50th anniversary, the institute has a notable track record, and after completing their 2019 fiscal year, their team had educated over 60,000 students at over 600 different schools around the Bay Area.
When asked about their flagship program, the Discovery Voyage, Executive Director Marilou Seiff comments that “we created a program that would take [kids] out onto the San Francisco Bay to do fish trawls, benthic grabs, plankton tows, and water samples.” She goes on to add that she’s “run across people, decades later, that don’t remember the particulars of the day, but still remember the experience of going out on the ship.”
Once instructor, now educational program manager, Jodi Stewart reminisces on an early memory in her career on the R.V. Robert G. Brownlee:
“Another memory I have is when we caught a ghost shrimp and a Dungeness crab in the same net. We turned around and came back and…the shrimp was no more! This tied right into our food web theme that we were talking about that day, but it was definitely unexpected!” – J. Stewart
Amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, the veteran non-profit still looks to continue educating local children about the ecology of the San Francisco Bay through a fleet of socially distant in-person and online programs. You can find their newly launched programs here.
Gateway High School, Environmental Science & Advanced Placement (AP) Environmental Science
Although only in her second year with Gateway High School, current environmental science teacher, Alix Spivack, is well acquainted with the subject, carrying 10+ years in environmental consulting and the title of Executive Director of the Bay Model Association in partnership with the San Francisco Bay Model Visitor Center. After having obtained her teaching credential, she was ecstatic to enter the classroom as a full-time environmental science teacher and to share her wealth of knowledge in the field of environmental education.
Recognizing the limitation of in-person interactions this fall semester, Ms. Spivak put together the “ES-9 Corner” Guest Speaker Series where invited scientists of varying disciplines come into her classroom’s virtual meeting space for a short presentation and Q&A. I had the wonderful opportunity of connecting with her students where I presented a short introductory talk on the San Francisco Estuary. The inception of the virtual speaker series was an attempt to:
“…think of creative ways to bring that excitement for the sciences into the home of the students. It’s exposing students to the field sciences, issues of environmental justice, providing them with career path exposure, and a nice model of if ‘he or she can do it, then so can I.’” – A. Spivack
At the conclusion of our conversation, I asked for her opinion on the importance of environmental education for young people.
“What environmental education provides is a beautiful context for delivering the sciences, mathematics, language arts, and arts through an interdisciplinary study of real-world problems. To be out in the field to discover the wonders of the natural world.” – A. Spivack
The guidance of environmental educators like them and others around the world is creating a foundation for our future generation to become the conservationists our planet so desperately needs. Without the introduction of environmental education in the classroom, would icons like Thunberg exist? You don’t need to sail across the Atlantic to make a difference. With the intent to inspire, continuing to educate our youth towards becoming environmental ambassadors for the future may be an essential component at extending our stay here on this planet.
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Pali Proper Names - A -
- Amabavitthi.-A village in the north of Ceylon. It was the
birthplace of Culatissa Thera. Ras.ii.30.
- Amaccharī Sutta.-A woman should not be stingy and she should be
- Amadha.-See Damatha.
- āmagandha (Sutta)
- āmakadhañña-peyyala.-The ninth chapter of the Sacca Samyutta of the
Samyutta Nikāya. It contains a list of
the gifts which Ariyan monks abstain from accepting. S.v.470-3.
- āmalacetiya.-A thupa in Ceylon. It is not known who built it.
Aggabodhi I. erected a parasol over it. Cv.xlii.62.
- āmalakīvana, Amalakivana.-A grove at
Cātumā. The Buddha once stayed there, and it
was on that occasion that the
Cātuma Sutta was preached. M.i.456.
- āmandagāmanī Abhaya
- āmandaphaladāyaka Thera.-An arahant. In a previous birth, while
carrying a pingo laden with fruit, he saw the Buddha Padumuttara and offered
him an āmanda fruit (pumpkin?). In the present age he became an arahant.
- Amarā (Amarādevī)
- Amarinda.-Name given to Sakka, king
of the gods. E.g., ThagA.151, 112.
- Amaruppala.-The name borne by
Kākavannatissa when he was a hunter in a village near Amaruppala-lena.
- Amaruppala-lena.-A cave in the Malaya province of Ceylon.
Kākavannatissa was once born in a
hunters' village near it. Ras.ii.56.
- Amata (Sutta / Vagga)
- Amatadundubhi.-One of the names under which the
Bahudhātuka Sutta is known
(M.iii.67). Like soldiers in the field of battle, so the disciples in the
path, developing insight after the method of this sutta, raise aloft the
standard of Arahantship - hence the name. MA.ii.888.
- Amba Jātaka (No. 124, 474)
- Amba Sutta.-The four kinds of mangoes (ripe, etc.) and four
corresponding classes of monks. A.ii.106f.
- Ambacora Jātaka (No. 344)
- Ambadāyaka Thera
- Ambadugga.-A tank in Ceylon, built by Kutakannatissa. Mhv.xxxiv.33.
- Ambala.-Probably the name of a tower in the
Jetavana monastery. The
Sunakha Jātaka was preached there about
a dog who lived in its resting-hall (J.ii.246).
- Ambalala.-A locality in Rohana, near the Kantakavana, where the
forces of Parakkamabāhu I., under Rakkha, were victorious in battle.
- Ambālavana.-See Ambātaka.
- Ambālavāpi.-A tank restored by Parakkamabāhu I. (Cv.lxviii.46) A
canal known as Tambapannī flowed from the tank northwards. Cv.lxxix.50.
- Ambamāla Vihāra.-A monastery in Rohana built by Dappula I.
- Ambapālī (Ambapālikā)
- Ambapāli Sutta
- Ambapāli Vagga.-The first chapter of the Satipatthāna Samyutta in
the Mahāvagga of the Samyutta Nikāya
- Ambapāsāna.-A monastery in the village of Anganakola in South
Ceylon, where lived the Elder Cittagutta. MT.552.
- Ambapindiya Thera
- Ambara-Ambaravatī.-The double name of a city in
Uttarakuru. D.iii.201; DA.iii.966.
- Ambaramsa.-See Abbhasa.
- Ambariya Vihara.-A monastery in Ceylon, the residence of
Pingala-Buddharakkhita Thera. It was near
MA.i.165; DhsA.103). It was also the residence of Pindapātika-Tissa Thera.
- Ambasakkharapeta Vatthu.-The story of
Ambasakkhara and the peta, as
given above. The Elder Kappitaka related
the story to the Buddha, and the Buddha made it an occasion for a discourse to
the assembled multitude. PvA.243-4.
- Ambasāmanera.-Name of Silākāla.
When he was a novice in the Order, at Bodhimanda Vihāra, he fulfilled his
duties to the community with zeal and skill. Once he presented a mango-fruit
to the Sangha, and the monks, being pleased, gave him this name.
- Ambasuppiya.-See Appihā.
- Ambātaka Thera.-An arahant. Fourteen
kappas ago he had given a mango to a Buddha (Ap.ii.394). He is probably
Rājadatta Thera. ThagA.i.403.
- Ambātakiya Thera.-An arahant. Thirty-one kappas ago he had met the
Buddha Vessabhū in the mountains and given him a mango. Ap.ii.399.
- Ambattha Sutta
- Ambatthaja.-Seventy kappas ago there were fourteen kings of this
name, all former lives of Ambadāyaka Thera.
- Ambavāpi.-A tank at Būkakalla in Ceylon. It was given over to the
Mātambiya-padhānaghara by the Damila, Potthakuttha. Cv.xlvi.19-20.
- Ambavāsavāpi.-One of the tanks restored by Parakkamabāhu I. before
his great war. Cv.lxviii.43. For identification see Cv. trans. i.280, n.5.
- Ambayāgadāyaka Thera.-An arahant. Ninety-one kappas ago, going to
the forest in pursuit of his trade, he met the Buddha and gave him an offering
of mangoes (v.l. Appaº).
- Ambayāgu(yāga ?)-dāyaka Thera.-An arahant. Ninety-four kappas ago
he had met a Pacceka Buddha named Sataramsī, when the latter had just awakened
from samādhi, and had given him a broth (?) made of mangoes (Ap.i.284).
- Ambilahāra Vihāra
- Ambila-janapada.-A district in Ceylon. In it was the Rajatalena.
- Ambilāpika.-A village given by Jetthatissa III. for the supply of
food to Kassapagirivihāra. Cv.xliv.98.
- Ambilayāgu.-A village in Ceylon. It was the residence of Dāthānāma,
father of Dhātusena. Cv.xxxviii.15.
- Ambillapadara.-A village given by Aggabodhi III. to the
Cetiyapabbata monastery. Cv.xliv.122.
- Ambutthi.-A tank built by Upatissa II. Cv.xxxvii.185.
- Ambuyyāna.-A monastery in Ceylon. Udaya I. (or Dappula) built in it
the dwelling-house Dappulapabbata. Cv.xlix.30; trs. i.126 n.1. According to
Cv.l.80, it was built not by the king but by Mahādeva. It was finished later
by Sena I. Cv.l.80.
- Āmisakiñcikkha Sutta.-One of the
suttas in a group of eight, dealing with people who will not lie for the sake
of gain - and, in this case, for the sake of anything worldly whatsoever.
- Amita.-A king of twenty-five kappas ago; a previous birth of
Aggapupphiya Thera (v.l. Amitobhava, Amitogata). Ap.i.229.
- Amitābha.-A king of twenty-five kappas ago; a previous birth of
Ekasaññaka Thera. Ap.i.210.
- Amitabhogā.-Five setthīs in Bimbisāra's dominions, whose wealth was
limitless. They were Jotiya,
Kākavaliya. AA.i.220; for details see s.v.
- Amitañjala.-A king of fourteen kappas ago;
a previous birth of Sālapupphiya Thera (v.l. Asitañjala). Ap.i.219.
- Amitobhava.-See Amita.
- Amitta.-See Somamitta.
- Amittabhā.-A king of twenty-five kappas ago; a former life of
Bhojanadāyaka Thera (v.l. Amittaka). Ap.i.253.
- Amittaka.-See Amittabhā.
- Amittatāpana.-A king of seventeen kappas ago; a previous life of
Pavittha Thera (ThagA.i.185), probably to be identified with Ekadamsaniya of
the Apadāna (i.168).
- Amoraphaliya Thera
- Anabhirati Jātaka (No. 65,
- Anabhirati Sutta.-The idea of distaste for all the world, if
cultivated, is fruitful. S.v.132.
- Anabhirati-bhikkhu Vatthu
- Anabhisamaya Sutta.-Preached to the wanderer Vacchagotta. Diverse
opinions arise in the world through not seeing the nature of the body, etc.
- Anāgāmī Sutta.-The six qualities necessary for the third Fruit of
the Path. A.iii.421.
- Anāgāmi-thera Vatthu.-Story of a monk who became anāgāmi; when
asked by his pupils, however, he did not say anything regarding his
attainment. After death he was born in the Suddhāvāsā. His pupils, grieving
for him in their ignorance, were enlightened by the Buddha. DhA.iii.288-9.
- Anāgata Sutta.-The five kinds of anticipatory fears that should
make a forest-dwelling monk zealous and active. A.iii.100f.
- Ānaka (v.l. Ānnaka)
- Anālaya Sutta.-The Buddha teaches the destruction of attachment and
the path leading thereto. S.iv.372.
- Anamatagga Samyutta
- Ananaka Sutta.-The four kinds of bliss possible to a householder: a
bliss of ownership, of wealth, of debtless ness and of blamelessness.
- Ānañcāyatana Sutta.-On the three infinite spheres: infinite space,
infinite consciousness, and sphere of nothingness. A.i.267.
- Ānanda Sutta/Vagga
- Ānanda-bhaddekaratta Sutta
- Ānandamānava.-See ānanda (17).
- Ānandena Sutta. The Buddha is asked by Ananda to tell him of a
doctrine which would make him more ardent and intent. The Buddha teaches him
the doctrine of impermanence. S.iii.187-8.
- Anangana Jātaka
- Anangana Sutta.-A record of a conversation between Sāriputta and
Moggallāna on the nature of blemishes (anganāni) and on the benefits of
recognising and removing them. M.i.24ff.
- Ānañjasappāya Sutta
- Ānañjasappāya Sutta.-See ānañjasappāya Sutta.
- Ananta.-The serpent king referred to under Anantapokkharanī, but
not elsewhere mentioned in the old books. He is also called Anantabhoga. For
details see Hopkins' Epic Mythology (pp. 23-4).
- Anantajālī.-King. A previous birth of Bhājanadāyaka fifty-three
kappas ago (Antarajāli). Ap.i.218.
- Anantapokkharanī.-A pond constructed by Parakkamabahu I. in
Pulatthipura. The steps surrounding the pond were laid like the coils of the
serpent-king Ananta. Cv.lxxiii.120.
- Anantarabhandaka-tittha.-A ford in the Mahāvāluka-gangā in Ceylon.
- Anantarapeyyāla.-One of the sections of the
Vidhura Jātaka. J.vi.304.
- Anantavā Sutta.-On the world as being unlimited. S.iii.215.
- Ananusociya Jātaka (No. 328)
- Ananussuta Sutta.-The five-fold power of a Tathāgata. A.iii.9f.
- Ananutappiya Sutta.-Preached by Sāriputta on how a monk should
deport himself so as to have no occasion for repentance. A.iii.294f.
- Ānāpāna Kathā.-The third section of the Mahāvagga of the
- Ānāpāna Samyutta.-The fifty-fourth section of the Samyutta Nikāya.
- Ānāpāna Sutta.-The idea of in-breathing and out-breathing, if
cultivated and developed, leads to much profit. S.v.132.
- Ānāpāna Vagga.-The seventh chapter of the Bojjhanga Samyutta of the
Samyutta Nikāya. S.v.129-32.
- Ānāpānasati Sutta
- Anāsava Sutta.-The Buddha teaches that which is free from āsavas
and the way thereto. S.iv.369.
- Anāsava.-A Pacceka Buddha found in a list of Pacceka Buddhas. He
lived in Isigili. M.iii.70; Ap.i.107.
- Anatam Sutta.-See Anta Sutta.
- Anātha.-A Pacceka Buddha of thirty-one kappas ago. Uddālapupphiya
Thera, in a previous birth, offered him an uddāla-flower. Ap.i.288.
- Anāthapindika Sutta/Vagga
- Anāthapindika-putta-Kāla Vatthu.-Story of the conversion of
Anāthapindika's son Kāla. DhA.iii.189-92.
- Anāthapindika-Setthi Vatthu.-Story of the goddess, guardian of
- Anāthapindikassārāma.-See Jetavana.
- Anāthapindikovāda Sutta
- Anaticārī Sutta.-A woman who is no adulteress will be born in
- Anatta Sutta
- Anattā Sutta
- Anattalakhana Sutta/Vatthu
- Anattaniya Sutta.-For that which does not belong to the self,
desire must be put away. S.iii.78.
- Anattena Sutta.-Lust and desire for that which is without a self
should be put away. S.iii.178.
- Anatthapucchakabrāhmana Vatthu.-Story of a brahmin who asked the
Buddha whether he knew only of that which was good or did he know evil as
well? The Buddha set his doubts at rest. DhA.ii.227-9.
- Anatthatāya Sutta.-Negligence (pamāda) conduces to great loss.
- Añcanavana.-See Añjanavana.
- Andabharīgāmakūtaka Sutta
- Andabhūta Jātaka (No. 62)
- Andha Sutta.-On the three classes of persons: the blind, the
one-eyed, and the two-eyed (A.iii.128f).
- Andhabhūta Sutta.-See Addhabhūta
- Andhakāra Sutta.-The ignorance of Ill, its arising, etc., is
greater and more fearsome than the darkness of interstellar space
- Andhakāra Vagga.-The second section of the Pācittiya in the
- Andhakāra.-A village in Ceylon, one of the villages given by
Aggabodhi IV. for the maintenance of the Padhāna-ghara built by the king for
the Thera Dāthāsiva. Cv.xlvi.12.
- Andhakarattha.-See Andhakā
- Andhakavinda Brāhmana.-See under
Andhakavinda. His story is given as an illustration of how followers of
the Buddha would often pursue him with manifold gifts. E.g., UdA.112.
- Andhakavinda Sutta/Vagga
- Andhanāraka.-One of the villages given by Aggabodhi IV, for the
maintenance of the Padhāna-ghara built for the Elder Dāthāsiva. Cv.xlvi.13.
- Andhatthakathā.-One of the Commentaries used by Buddhaghosa
(Sp.iv.747). It was handed down at Kāñcipura (Conjevaram) in South India.
- Andu.-A village near Pulatthipura. Cv.lix.5.
- Anejakā.-A class of devas mentioned as having been present on the
occasion of the preaching of the Mahā-Samaya Sutta. D.ii.160.
- Anekavannavimāna.-The abode of Anekavanna-devaputta. Vv.74-5.
- Anga Sutta
- Angagāma.-A tank built by Parakkamabāhu I. Cv.lxxix.37.
- Angaka.-Nephew (sister's son) of
- Angamu.-A place in Ceylon identified with the modern Ambagamuva
(Geiger Cv. trans. i.298, n. 3). The Senāpati Deva once encamped there.
- Anganakola.-A village in South Ceylon, the residence of
- Anganasālaka.-A village given by Aggabodhi II. to the
- Angāni Sutta 1.-The five qualities of exertion (padhāna). A.iii.65.
- Angāni Sutta 2.-On the five qualities which a monk should have and
the five which he should discard to complete his duties in the religion and
attain its highest eminence. A.v.16-17.
- Angarājā.-The chieftain of Anga in the Buddha's time. See
- Angārapabbata.-A blazing mountain of white hot coal, one of the
tortures of the Mahāniraya. Kvu.597.
- Angika Sutta.-On the development of the fivefold Ariyan Samādhi.
- Angirasa (Angīrasa)
- Angīrasī.-A term of affection (Radiant One) used by Pañcasikha in
addressing Suriyavaccasā (D.ii.265). The Commentary (DA.iii.701) explains that
she was so called because her limbs shone (ange rasmiyo assāti Angīrasī.)
- Angulimāla (Angulimālaka)
- Angulimāla Paritta.-See above; referred to also in the Milindapañha
(p.151) in a list of Parittas.
- Angulimāla Sutta.-Contains the story of the bandit's conversion and
the bliss of his deliverance. M.ii.97ff.
- Angulimāla-pitaka.-Given in a list of heretical works. SA.ii.150;
- Anguttara Nikāya
- Anguttaranavatīkā.-By Sāriputta, author also of
Sarātthadīpanī-Vinaya-tīkā (q.v.). Gv.71.
- Anguttara-tīkā.-By Candagomi, evidently an author of Ceylon.
- Anguttaratthakathā.-Quoted in the exegesis to the Jātaka. J.i.131.
- āni Sutta
- Anicca Sutta / Vagga
- Aniccā Sutta.-On the seven kinds of persons who are worthy of
homage and of gifts. A.iv.13-14.
- Aniccadhamma Sutta.-Desire for that whose nature is impermanent
should be destroyed. S.iii.199.
- Aniccatā Sutta
- Anidassana Sutta.-The invisible and the path leading thereto.
- Anīgha.-A Pacceka Buddha; occurs in a list of Pacceka Buddhas.
- Anikadatta.-See Anikaratta.
- ānimandavya.-See Animandavya.
- Animandavya.-See Mandavya.
- Animitta Sutta.-Preached by Moggallāna ; it records an occasion
when he experienced unconditioned rapture of the heart (animittaceto-samādhi).
- Aniruddha.-See Anuruddha.
- Ānisamsa Sutta.-On the six advantages of realizing the first fruit
of the Path (Sotāpattiphala). A.iii.441.
- Ānisamsa Vagga
- Anissukī Sutta.-A woman who is faithful, modest, scrupulous, not
wrathful and rich in wisdom, will be reborn in a happy condition. S.iv.244.
- Anītika Sutta and Anītikadhamma Sutta.-On the state that is
free from ill and the path thereto. S.iv.371.
- Anitthigandhakumāra Vatthu.-See Anitthigandhakumāra (3).
- Anivatta Brahmadatta
- Aniyata.-The third division of the Pārājika of the Sutta Vibhanga.
- Añjalī.-One of the nuns who accompanied Sanghamittā to Ceylon.
- Añjana-pabbata.-One of the six peaks of the
Himālaya from which rose the five great rivers
and round which were the seven lakes (J.v.415). Pabbata, one of the seven
chief pupils of the Bodhisatta Jotipāla, had
his hermitage there. J.v.133.
- Anjana-vana (Añcana-vana)
- Añjanavaniya Thera
- Añjasa.-A king of two kappas ago, father of
Sunanda, a previous birth of
Upāli. Ap.i.45, v.111; ThagA.i.367.
- Ankolaka Thera.-An arahant. In a previous birth he had offered an
ankola-flower to Siddatha Buddha. Once, thirty-six kalpas ago, he was a
Cakkavatti named Devagajjita. Ap.i.199.
- Ankolaka-pupphiya Thera
- Ankura Vatthu.-The story of Ankura.
- Ankurapeta Vatthu.-See Ankura.
According to MA.i.225 and DA.i.178, in this story the word brahma-cariya is
used to mean veyyāvacca (service).
- Anna Sutta 1.-All creatures desire food, so food should be given in
- Anna Sutta 2.-A.ii.86f.; but see GS.ii.96. n.1.
- Añña Sutta.-On the results of developing the four
- Aññamjivām aññamsarīram Sutta.-That the body is one thing and the
soul another is the view held by some people. S.iii.215.
- Aññanā Sutta.-Five of the same name recording conversations with
the Paribbājaka Vacchagotta regarding the
results of ignorance. S.iii.257-9.
- Aññāta-Kondañña (Aññā-Kondañña)
- Aññatara Sutta 1.-On the chain of causation. S.ii.75-6.
- Aññatara Sutta 2.-Few are born among men because beings do not see
the four Ariyan truths. S.v.465.
- Aññatara° Vatthu.-Several stories given in the Dhammapada
Commentary are designated only by such titles as Aññatara-itthi vatthu,
Aññatara-kutumbika vatthu, etc. For reference to such stories see DhA. Index
- Aññatara-Bhikkhu Sutta.-Two of this name containing questions on
the holy life and the destruction of the āsavā. S.v.7-8.
- Aññatara-Brahma Sutta.-A certain Brahmā thought no recluse or
brahmin could come to his world. The Buddha, Mogallāna, Mahākassapa,
Mahākappina and Anuruddha all appeared there and refuted his views. S.i.144f.
- Aññatitthiya Bhānavāra.-Ends the sixteenth chapter of the second
khandhaka of the Mahāvagga. Vin.i.115.
- Aññatitthiya Sutta.-Describes a visit of Sāriputta to some
heretical teachers in Rājagaha and the discussions that ensued. Ananda reports
the incident to the Buddha, who approves and explains the questions further.
- Aññatitthiya Sutta.-The answers that should be given to followers
of other faiths if they should question about lust, malice and delusion.
- Aññatitthiya Vagga.-Several discourses on the views of other
- Anodhi Sutta.-Three suttas on the development of unlimited
reflection of anicca, dukkha and anattā. A.iii.443f.
- Anomasatta.-An epithet of the Buddha. UdA.304; KhA.170.
- Anomiya Sutta.-Contains verses in praise of the Buddha who is
called the Peerless (Anonianāma) (S.i.33). The verses are found also in the
Sutta Nipāta (Sn.p.177).
- Anopama.-Birthplace of the Vessabhū Buddha and capital of his
father, King Suppatīta. D.ii.7; but Bu.xxii.18 gives it as Anoma. The BuA. (p.
205) calls it Anūpama.
- Anorata.-The name by which Anuruddha (Anawrata), King of Burma
(Ramañña), is generally known. He was a religious reformer and was helped in
his task by a Talaing monk, Arahanta. Bode: Pāli Lit. of Burma, pp. 11-13.
- Anottapā Sutta.-Records a conversation between Mahākassapa and
Sāriputta in Isipatana. A man without ardour (anātāpī) and without care
(a-nottāpī) is incapable of Enlightenment and Nibbana. S.ii.195f.
- Anottappamūlakā-tīni Sutta.-Through an element (dhātuso) beings
meet together, the indiscreet with the indiscreet, the untaught with the
untaught, the unwise with the unwise and vice versa. S.ii.163.
- Anta Jātaka (No. 295)
- Anta Sutta.-The Buddha teaches the end, as well as the way thereto.
See also Antā Sutta. (S.iv.373).
- Antā Sutta.-The four separate divisions: Sakkāya, its arising,
ceasing, and the way thereto. S.iii.157-8.
- Anta Vagga.-The first chapter of the Uparipaññāsaka of the Khanda
Samyutta of the Samyutta Nikāya (S.iii.157ff).
- Antaka.-See Māra.
- Antalikkhacara.-A king who reigned thirty-two kappas ago;
ākā-sukkhipiya Thera in a previous birth. Ap.i.230.
- Antaraganga.-A district in Ceylon. Ras.ii.10.
- Antarāganga.-A monastery in Ceylon to which Jetthatissa III. gave
the village of Cullamātika. Cv.xliv.100.
- Antaramegiri.-A monastery built by King Dhātusena. Cv.xxxviii.48.
- Antarapeyyāla.-A section of the Nidāna Samyutta containing twelve
suttas with abridged contents. S.ii.130ff.
- Antavā Sutta.-The origin of the view that the world is limited.
- Antevāsī Sutta.-A monk dwells at ease without a pupil or a teacher,
the pupil or co-resident (antevāsī) being the name given to evil and
unprofitable states of mind which arise in him and abide in him through the
senses. Such states are also called "teacher" (ācariya) because they beset and
master him. S.iv.136-8.
- Antureli.-One of the villages given by King Aggabodhi IV. for the
maintenance of the Padhāna-ghara, which he built for the Thera Dāthā-siva.
- Anubuddha Sutta.-Preached at Bhandagāma, on the importance of
- Anudhamma Sutta.-The Bhikkhu, who conforms to the Dhamma, should
live in disgust for the body, feeling, etc. S.iii.40-1.
- Anugāra.-An eminent wandering ascetic. He is mentioned as living in
the Paribbājakārāma in the Moranivāpa in Veluvana near Rājagaha. He was
probably one of the company who was with Sakuludāyi when the Buddha came to
visit the latter. M.ii.1.
- Anuggaha Sutta.-Right belief is endowed with five advantages.
- Anujīvisamiddha.-A Damila chief, ally of Kulasekhara. Cv.lxxvii.33.
- Anujjā (v.l. Anojā)
- Anukampaka Sutta.-The five ways in which a resident monk shows his
sympathy for his lay supporters. A.iii.263f.
- Anulatissapabbata.-A vihāra in Gangārājī in East Ceylon, built by
- Anulepadāyaka Thera.-An arahant. In Atthadassī's time he supplied
plaster to a monk for carrying out some repairs to a building. Ap.i.251.
- Anulomadāyaka Thera
- Anumana Sutta
- Anūna.-The name used by the Yakkha
Punnaka to hide from Dhañjaya his real name, lest he should be mistaken
for a slave. The word has the same meaning as Punnaka. J.vi.273-4.
- Anupada Sutta
- Anupada Vagga.-The second section of the Uparipaññāsa of the
Majjhima Nikāya. M.iii.25ff.
- Anupādāya Sutta.-The holy life is lived with final emancipation,
free from grasping, as its aim. S.v.29.
- Anupalakkhanā Sutta.-Diverse views are the result of want of
- Anūpama Thera
- Anupanāhī Sutta.-The woman who is not wrathful will be born in a
happy condition. S.iv.244.
- Anupiya (Anupiyā)
- Anūpiya.-See Anupiya.
- Anura.-A general of the Vanga king's army, maternal cousin of
Sīhabāhu, father of Vijaya. When Sīhabāhu left the lion's den with his mother
and sister they came across Anura who was ruling the border country. Later
Anura married Sīhabāhu's mother. Mv.vi.16-20; MT.246.
- Anurādhagāma.-The name given to the settlement founded by the two
Anurādhas. It was near the Kadamba-nadi (Mhv.ix.9; x.76). The capital,
Anurādhapura, was later founded near it.
- Anurāja.-Son of Sunanda, King of Surabhi, at the time of Mangala
Buddha. He visited the Buddha in the company of his father, and, having
listened to his preaching, became an arahant. BuA.119-20.
- Anuruddha Sutta/Samyutta
- Anuruddha Thera
- Anusamsāvaka Thera.-An arahant. In a past birth he gave a spoonful
of rice to the Buddha Vipassī. Ap.i.247.
- Anusāsika Jātaka (No. 115)
- Anusāsikā.-The name of the greedy bird in the Anusāsika Jātaka.
- Anusaya Sutta
- Anusayā Sutta.-On how the anusayā can be uprooted. S.iv.32.
- Anusota Sutta.-On four classes of persons: those who go with the
stream and those who go against it; those who stand fast and those who have
crossed over. A.ii.5f.
- Anussati Sutta 1.-The six topics of
recollected ness. A.iii.284. In the Visuddhi Magga (p. 226) it is called Gedha
- Anussati Sutta 2.-A detailed explanation of the above. A.iii.312ff.
- Anutīracārī.-An otter who had a dispute with another otter,
Gambhīracārī, about a fish. They appealed to a jackal, Māyāvī, and lost in the
bargain, the jackal claiming the middle of the fish as the price of his
arbitration, leaving only the head and the tail for the otters. J.iii.333f.;
- Anuttarasangāmavijaya (Dhammapariyāya).-One of the names by which
the Bahudhātuka Sutta is known. M.iii.68.
- Anuttāriya Sutta 1.-The six unsurpassables. A.iii.284.
- Anuttāriya Sutta 2.-A detailed explanation of the above.
- Anuttariya Vagga.-The third chapter of the Chakka Nipāta of the
Anguttara Nikāya. A.iii.309-29.
- Anuvattanā Sutta.-Like a cakkavatti's eldest son, who, because of
five qualities, administers the kingdom like his father, so does Sāriputta
administer the Kingdom of Righteousness founded by the Buddha. A.iii.148-9.
- Anuvindakā.-Name of a people, mentioned with hosts of others, as
seeking and finding hospitality in the house of Jatukannika, when, in a
previous birth, he was a banker in Hamsavatī. Ap.ii.359.
- Anva Vagga.-See Addha Vagga.
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Cardiomyopathy or heart failure is a type of cardiac disease that comes in different varieties and causes. Each type of cardiomyopathy weakens the heart function and makes it difficult to pump blood throughout the body. If cardiomyopathy is left untreated, it might result in the need for a surgically implanted heart regulatory device or potentially a heart transplant; consequently, recognising the symptoms and obtaining treatment is critical. An individual may not have any indications or symptoms of cardiomyopathy in the early stages. However, as the disease advances, symptoms usually become apparent. Understanding the fundamentals of heart health allows an early recognition of such signs and symptoms of cardiomyopathy.
How to know if heart is weak
Not all heart diseases have obvious warning symptoms. Some heart symptoms do not even manifest in the chest, and it is masked and sometimes misleading. This is especially true when one is 60 or older, overweight, or suffers from diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure. The more risk factors, the more concerned you should be about the heart-related problem. The following are signs and symptoms of a weakened heart:
- Feeling of pressure or discomfort in the chest.
- Dry cough, shortness of breath on exertion or at rest.
- Unexplained profuse sweating.
- Palpitation, tachycardia or bradycardia
- Lightheadedness, dizziness, loss of consciousness.
- Easy exhausted, lethargy, fatigue
- Lower extremities pain or swelling, which include the feet and ankles.
- Chest pain, referral to the left arm and lower jaw.
- Nausea, indigestion, heartburn, or abdominal pain.
Without proper treatment or management, these symptoms are likely to worsen. The rate and severity at which various types of cardiac abnormalities progress varies. For certain people, the condition remains stable for years, while for some, it progresses rapidly.
Types of cardiomyopathy
This form of the disease is distinguished by a thickening of the heart muscle, which mostly affects the heart’s central pumping chamber, the left ventricle. The illness has caused heart muscles to be thickened and stiff, less elastic, the heart needs to work harder. The majority of persons who have this type of cardiomyopathy may inherit several genetic mutations connected to this condition. Furthermore, when this type of cardiomyopathy occurs in childhood, it is usually the most severe.
The ventricles dilated, reducing its contractility, ability to properly pump blood out of the heart. Although this type of cardiomyopathy can affect persons of any age, it most commonly affects people between the ages of 45 and 65. Men have a higher risk than women to have this type of cardiomyopathy. A heart attack or coronary artery disease is the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy.
This type of sickness is distinguished by the heart muscle becoming inflexible, losing suppleness to the point that it can no longer expand sufficiently to fill with blood between each beating. This type of cardiomyopathy is uncommon, and while it can occur at any age, it primarily affects the elderly. The reasons for restrictive cardiomyopathy may be unknown, or they may be the result of a condition occurring elsewhere in the body that affects his or her heart.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
This type of cardiomyopathy is quite rare. Scar tissue replaces the muscle in the lower right chamber of the heart, right ventricle causing rhythmatic issues. This type of cardiomyopathy is commonly caused by genetic abnormalities.
There are a lot of causes for heart weakness, and eventually heart failure, cardiomyopathy. Early identification, diagnosis and treatment definitely will be beneficial, and have a better outcome. To do so, a proper history taking, physician examinations and investigations such as electrocardiogram, ECG, chest x-ray, echocardiogram is needed. Therefore, if you experienced any of the symptoms suggestive of cardiomyopathy, please do present yourself to any hospital or clinic, make an appointment for doctor consultation.
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Physical SurveillanceExceptional physical surveillance starts with thoroughly planning, before beginning the surveillance.
Officers should do extensive research on the subject, such as inquiring about family, friends, co-workers, personal habits, routines, etc.(Baker, 2009, p.239). Officers should also be familiar with the area they are conducting the surveillance, they should take a picture of the location and its surrounds, and officers should be aware of things that might obstruct there view such as fences, walls, cars, and know the comings and goings of the neighbors as well and hours of local businesses (Lyman, 2007, p.141). However, if the officers find that a fence could be blocking their view; preparations should be made to have a ladder available, to ensure there is no obstruction. Another part of good physical surveillance is known when and how to enter the premises when the time comes. Officers should have knowledge and training on how to break and window if necessary and the type of window rather it is glass or Plexiglas.
When entering through the door officers should be familiar with each point of entry, know if there is a home security in place, if there is video surveillance which could be beneficial to the officers as well, and know whom all lives in the home as well as how often people come over to visit. Other thing officers should be on the lookout for if the subject or neighbors that might have pets, especially dogs because they could potentially blow the officers cover by barking. For the overall safety of all involved officers should map out multiple routes to and from the location and share this information with all officers involved, in case of the need of back up or emergency assistance(Lyman, 2007, p.141).
Operational TeamThe operational briefing should begin by providing a rundown of the case to all team members on the operational team. Whether it is an execution of a search warrant, a drug sting, or surveillance each participant on the team should know and understand his/her role in the operation. The briefing should include a case summary, of the type of operation, the area of the surveillance, include a picture of the subject and possibly include pictures of those associated with the subject. Supervising officers should delegate assignments. Radio protocol should be confirmed and other departments of the agency (flight section, canine unit, and patrol unit) should be incorporated in the briefing as well. If a supervisor or team members are not completely prepared, it could be damaging to the operation, the team, and the agency.
If anyone on the team has questions it should be addressed during the briefing to avoid any issues while on surveillance or working in the field throughout the investigation/operation. The supervisor needs to emphasize the importance of safety and that safety of the team or of the civilians should never be compromise (Baker, 2009, p.287).ExecutionAll equipment, vehicles, and weapons being used should be inspected and in proper working conditions.
Each agent/officer participating in the executions of a warrant, must be accustomed with the extent of the authorized search which should have been explained at the briefing or otherwise the officers/agents should have read the warrant beforehand and be aware of what property can be searched and seized (“Serving the Search Warrant, ” 2016). Officers can only search what is listed on the warrant, if the suspect home/car is not listed on the warrant then officers cannot search that particular property. And if asked the suspect or any residents of the home should be permitted to see and read and copy of the warrant.
The knock-and-announce or knock-notice rule requires officers to state their presence before entering a person’s home. Usually, officers must knock on the door, reveal their presence, and give the property owner a chance to open the door before entering. (Wilson v.
Arkansas, 514 U.S. 927 (1995) (“Serving the Search Warrant, ” 2016). However, knock and announce is not required in the following situations: • It endangers the lives of the officers or others• Evidence maybe destroyed• If they are in the pursuit of chasing a suspectOfficers that are conducting the search warrant needs to be respectful of the residents home and treat it with respect. If any damage is caused to windows or doors during the search a reasonable amount of effort and offer should be extended to the homeowner to repair the damage the officers may have caused. If the officers fail to be respectful during the search any or all evidence they obtain could be excluded from the case. RaidAccording to the text drug raids are one of the most life-threatening circumstances officers/agent may face. This could be during a routine traffic stop where the subject was not expecting to get pull over and feel threaten or during a well prepared investigation, just because the suspect does not want to go to jail or even because in some states they maybe on their third strike and know this will be a life sentence for them if they get caught, so they would prefer to take a chance and run or fight, to escape going to prison.
Raids are difficulty for law enforcement officers because they can never be sure if the suspects are armed or if someone with the suspect is armed, they have to be careful if things go wrong, not to harm themselves or others that may have nothing to do with the raid. For raids to be successful, it is very important for officers to get control of the suspect or suspects immediately (Lyman, 2007, p.155-156). There are four units that work collectively to ensure the success of a raid: 1. Perimeter unit: are responsible for securing the area, keeping bystanders out and helping others evaluate if needed. 2.
Assault unit: are responsible for going in the location first and detaining the suspect or suspects while officers proceed with the search of the premises.3. Cover unit: this team enters right after the assault unit and is there to assist if things get out of control.
4. Search unit: is responsible for searching the property included on the warrant and should search thoroughly to ensure all evidence is collected and secured. Improvements I don’t think I would make any improvements to the raid process. I would just try and make sure each officer is aware that their undivided attention is needed throughout the raid process. That distraction could be an opportunity for the suspect to escape or for a confrontation to occur. That all personal cell phones be left at the precinct or turned off.
As long as the officers knew the importance of safety of themselves as well as others, I would let the lead officer have full control of the raid, because they should be in the best position to lead the team.
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Body-Worn Camera: Tactics That Will Help in Hospitals
Across the world, people enter the hospital on a daily basis as victims of shootings, stabbings, and beatings, as well as for non-violence-related medical needs. Many are admitted for short- or long-term care. In such crowded areas, violence is not an unexpected thing. Sometimes patients misbehave with staff, senior officers shouted on juniors or some non-related persons entered in hospitals and create violence.
According to a study conducted by the International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety (IAHSS), nearly 80% of hospitals need access control systems and CCTV upgrades. Healthcare administrators and security professionals need to deploy enhanced video surveillance solutions to protect patients, visitors, nurses, physicians, and staff at hospitals, offices, ambulatory centers, and long-term care facilities.
Body-worn cameras have been introduced in hospitals to improve safety for health workers. The cameras are designed to send a clear message of zero tolerance to those who abuse or attack staff at the hospital.
Benefits of BWC’S
These devices provide greater accountability on interactions between the ambulance crew and patients. Paramedics regularly place themselves in difficult and dangerous situations. Cameras helped coordinate with police colleagues to ensure action is taken following any criminal acts against staff or the trust. Body cameras help here by providing impartial and secure video footage of events encountered on the front line. The video footage is stored in a secure SD card that can later be used as admissible evidence in court.
The recordings from these cameras can be used for coaching and training, as well as help fine-tunes medical procedures. Ambulance crews could potentially benefit similarly by reviewing recordings to improve their response to situations and getting real-time feedback to help make life-saving decisions. The cameras can also be used as training for on-boarding new staff members and showing them special procedures and how to respond to them.
Paramedics are facing verbal and physical abuse while on duty, these cameras helpful for finding those people. Body-worn cameras are a popular choice in the front-line protection of staff. Paramedic staff dedicates their lives to protecting and caring for people in their times of greatest need and for any one of them to be subject to aggression or violence is completely unfair able.
Challenges faced by hospitals
- Providing better safety for patients, visitors, and staff
- Complying with government orders and security gauges
- Protecting against false claims and prosecution
- Overcoming budget pressures
- Integrating access control and video investigation frameworks
OMG body-worn cameras products
- Healthy, high-performing storing framework in all devices
- Live to track via a built-in GPS system
- SD memory card storage
- Live view via 4G
- Docking station
- Facial recognition
- The footage is encrypted and cannot be edited
- The footage is kept for 31 days unless a request is made to retain it for longer
- We provide device, sensor, trackers, telemonitoring, wireless technology and real-time home tracking devices and their application for clinicians
Body cameras have the potential to improve performance and satisfaction across different job types. In case studies with security staff, for instance, cameras have proven to have a calming effect on aggressive members of the public. This, in turn, has improved work satisfaction by making staff feel safer in their line of work. The video below clearly illustrates this.
If pictures are worth a thousand words, the video may be worth millions. Live-streaming capabilities in the cameras, allow doctors off-site to give medical advice to paramedics attending to complex cases on the ground, if necessary.
Hospitals are unique in security challenges specific to particular industries that are all brought together in one organization. In addition to general areas, hospitals often have restaurants, gift shops, pharmacies, holding cells for the treatment of inmates and psychiatric treatment areas all presenting unique technology requirements. As a result, the blend of OMG law enforcement security devices is often broader than with other types of suppliers. Video, access control, alarms, body-worn cameras, and other tools may be deployed and integrated together in a hospital’s security program.
Parking areas require special consideration. Being 24 -hours a day operation, hospital parking areas can experience constant activity, making suspicious behavior more difficult to detect at night. Besides preventing thefts and other crimes, hospital security guards making sure employees and patients feel secure. After a CCTV camera body-worn camera is the best option for taking video at night in low light and live streaming for control rooms.
The hospital is in many ways a private space, some analysts suggest to use body cameras during surgical operation and recorded footage could be reviewed by experienced doctors and new surgeons, and be used during medical training to help avoid errors in the future. But in Asia, there are many cases where doctors record delivery operation and upload videos on social media for getting reviews and followers, so body-worn cameras must be encrypted and health care departments have their own rules and limitations for using body cameras especially in the emergency area.
Givot said “When one is out in public there’s no expectation of privacy, so video recording in public is really not a problem. But when one is communicating with a health care provider, there is an expectation of privacy,”.
The new trial took place at Berrywood Hospital, which is run by the Northampton shire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust. The firm Calla supplied 12 Reveal cameras, which were worn by matrons and the security team on each of the hospital’s five psychiatric inpatient wards, following training. Both staff and patients considered that the
Our Devices available in the market for the security of hospitals and for other departments
- Audio Surveillance Spy Voice Recorders
- Man Down System – Lone Worker Safety Solution
- Body Worn Camera (Digital Evidence Management)
- Mini WIFI/GPS/3G/4G Body Worn Camera (BWC058-4G)
- 3G/4G Wireless Body Camera (BWC004-4G)
- Mini Body Worn Camera with External Memory (BWC055)
- Police Body-Worn Camera (BWC004)
- Secure Mini Body Worn Camera with Encryption [No LCD Screen] (BWC059)
- Body Worn Camera, External Storage – SD Card 32GB-128GB (BWC043)
- Long Hours [16 Hrs] Recording Body-Worn Camera (BWC061)
- Secure Mini Body Worn Camera with Encryption [With LCD Screen] (BWC060)
- CCD Button Camera (BWC054)
- Mini Body Worn Camera – Super Video Compression (BWC058)
- Wearable Headset Body Worn Camera (BWC056)
- Emergency Panic Button Alarm
- Hidden Spy Camera (Home Security)
use of the cameras in an inpatient mental health setting was “beneficial”, said the researchers.
The majority of the public generally agreed on wear a body camera that they would worry about the possibility that a non-authorized, third party might gain access to their personal information, and that they would worry about future discriminations due to possible disclosure of their information. Most physicians disagreed that body cameras will disrupt the doctor-patient relationship but they would worry about the safety of their patients’ information. Overall, both the public and physicians were in favor of the implementation of the body-worn camera system, evaluating that possible benefits are more important than possible risks. The majority of the public believed that authorities should have full access to data whereas nursing staff, pharmacists, laboratory staff, and other healthcare professionals should have partial access.
Now giving some research doing by some medical officers.
After trials in mental health wards, the government wants paramedics to use the cameras. In 2014, the use of body-worn cameras by nurses was first tested on two wards at Broadmoor, a high-security psychiatric hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire. The footage provided evidence to support prosecutions following violent incidents there and a small reduction in incidents of assaults on staff was also noted. Moreover, there was a “notable reduction in antisocial and aggressive behavior”, according to a spokeswoman for the West London NHS Trust, which runs Broadmoor.
Jim Tighe, a local security management specialist at West London NHS Trust, says the cameras have made staff feel more confident. “We’ve used the footage on a couple of occasions for serious incident reviews and it’s been really helpful to clearly see and hear what’s happened. It can help reduce the length of time an investigation takes because you’ve got that independent witness,” he says.
So, after a long discussion, we learned that every technology has some good and bad effects, but body-worn cameras give more benefits to fewer drawbacks which can further overcome by technology. The governments should give more budget for imposing new technology in public sectors. Paramedics regularly place themselves in difficult and potentially dangerous situations. And body-cams can provide dramatic video evidence of life on the front line.
Anon., n.d. SALIENT. [Online]
Available at: https://www.salientsys.com/industries/hospitals-healthcare/
Department of Medical Laboratories, A., 2018 Feb. NCBI publmed.gov. [Online]
Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29331259
DeSilva, D., n.d. Reveal. [Online]
Available at: https://www.revealmedia.co.uk/5-ways-body-cameras-could-help-ambulance-staff
Hardy S, Bennett L, Rosen P, Carroll S, White P, Palmer-Hill S, (2017. [Online]
Available at: http://www.mhfmjournal.com/old/open-access/the-feasibility-of-using-body-worn-cameras-in-an-inpatient-mental-health-setting.pdf
Mei, T. T., FEB 1, 2019, The Straitstimes. [Online]
Available at: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/body-worn-cameras-for-scdf-paramedics
Morris, A., May 30, 2019. Express & star. [Online]
Available at: https://www.expressandstar.com/news/health/2019/05/30/ambulance-staff-to-wear-body-cameras-as-40pc-of-paramedics-attacked/
Mulholland, H., Wed 1 May 2019. SUPPORT THE GUARDIAN. [Online]
Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/may/01/body-cameras-protect-hospital-staff-patients-violence-mental-health-wards
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As we celebrate our nation’s birthday this week, a sizable portion of Americans don’t know the year we declared independence, or from which country
A notable proportion of Americans may need to brush up on their U.S. history, based on the results of a new Marist College poll out this week.
While 77 percent of residents nationally correctly cite Great Britain as the country from which the United States declared its independence, 23 percent either mention another country or are unsure.
These findings have changed little from when this question was last reported in 2011.
Education and income make a difference. Nearly nine in ten Americans with a college education or income above $50,000 are able to identify Great Britain as the country from which the United States won its liberty.
Of note, white Americans, 84 percent, are also more likely than Latino residents, 70 percent, or African Americans, 53 percent, to correctly identify Great Britain.
Although race is a factor, its importance is exaggerated by differences in education and income among ethnic groups. Interestingly, age makes little difference.
“Thirteen other countries get tabbed as the country from which the United States gained its independence,” said Dr. Lee M. Miringoff, director of The Marist College Institute for Public Opinion. “A scattering of people mention France, Mexico, and Germany among the longer list of countries. At least one person surveyed mentioned Afghanistan, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Italy, Japan, Panama, or Russia.”
Of those who identify as Tea Party supporters, only 77 percent know that Great Britain is the country from which the United States declared its independence; 14 percent said they were unsure and 9 percent named a different country.
Meanwhile, 30 percent of all those surveyed do not know the year in which the United States declared its independence. Included in this group are 11 percent of residents who mention a year other than 1776 and 19 percent who are unsure.
Seventy-two percent of those calling themselves Tea Party supporters correctly identified the year in which the U.S. declared independence, 17 percent said they were unsure and 11 percent answered with a different date.
But, there has been improvement. In 2011, 42 percent of U.S. residents were unaware of the year the United States broke away from Great Britain. Sixty-nine percent, up from 58 percent, now say the United States declared its independence in 1776.
This poll of 1,205 adults residing in the United States was conducted June 21 through June 25, 2017 by The Marist Poll, sponsored in collaboration with National Public Radio and PBS NewsHour. The poll has a margin of error of 2.8 percentage points.
Of the 1,205 adults surveyed, 83 percent are registered voters.
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Have Your Students Trained You?
Written by Bill Reed
My guess is if I ask teachers who have taught for more than one year, they can name a student they know who will come to class without any materials like a pen, pencil, paper, or book. Teachers can name a student they know who will ask to go to their locker or use the restroom during class. I’m also willing to bet teachers can name a student who will stay silent when they are asked to answer any questions in class. Knowing teachers can name students who do these actions, I ask you this question, “Are the students training us as teachers?”.
Many people may have heard the Urban Legend about “The Trained Professor” as written in the book Curses! Broiled Again! by Jan Harold Brunvand published in 1989. In the book, a college Psychology class slowly trains the professor to teach in a small corner of the lecture hall by coughing every time the professor moves from that corner. While the story of the trained professor might not be true, I have seen students influence their teachers with their actions. The students do this in many ways.
Common Ways Students Train Teachers
One of the most frequent ways I have seen students get teachers to do what they want is by wearing the teacher down by sheer repetition! I have had students admit this to me when I was in the classroom. They told me it works on their parents, and it works on teachers just as well. All they do is ask the same request repeatedly even though they know it will probably be denied. They know if they ask repeatedly, after a while, it is just easier for the teacher to say “OK, fine go ahead,” and give them permission. Once the teacher allows this once, the student uses this as evidence that it should be allowed to happen again, and again, and again.
I have seen students use this tactic and yes, it works (speaking from experience). In the teacher’s (and my) defense, they are asked so many questions continuously, it is sometimes easier just to say “OK, go ahead” than it is to defend or justify a response. For many of the questions, like going back to their locker, going to the restroom (usually so they can respond to texts or watch a video on their phones), or using their headphones to listen to music in class while working on an assignment, the outcome is not all that important. For other issues, like the student staying silent so they never have to answer any questions, that is a different story.
The Silent Treatment
When a teacher calls on a student to answer a question in class and the student says or does nothing, the first response by the teacher is to repeat or rephrase the question. If the student again says or does nothing, the teacher, too many times, just moves on and asks another student the same question. Do not let the student out-wait you. You can give the student options to “Phone a Friend” or to use a connect device to look up an answer, but do not let them train you to just move on. You are not helping the student by doing this.
“You’re just picking on me” Students
I like taking excuses away from students and parents. There are many things I have done to alleviate the common complaints about me asking students questions. For instance, students will say, “You only call on me when you know I don’t know the answer” or “I don’t like being put on the spot when you call on me.” For these perceptions, I like writing out questions on a 3’ x 5’ card and handing them to students as I greet them at the door as they enter class. They know that sometime during the class period they will be called on to answer that question. They have plenty of time to get help from other classmates, Google an answer, or formulate a response.
How Do We Help?
Structure Class for Success
If we want students to become responsible for their learning, we must structure our instruction for them to do so. There are so many ways for students to access information these days. We must hold them responsible for doing just that! You will be hard-pressed to ask a question that cannot be Googled to gather enough information to either answer the question directly or be able to form an opinion or conjecture for a response. You can have the student ask another student to help them answer the question. If they do, they must repeat the answer, so they do in fact answer your question. It may be the answer from another student, but the student called on did answer the question.
Create Full Class Participation
For me, education must be an active endeavor. If the students know they can just sit there and do nothing, they most certainly will do just that. One of the ways you can have students participate in class is by asking them questions in such a way that everyone has to answer. For instance, “Which problem on the assignment gave you the most difficulty?” or “Which problem would help you the most by having it discussed or worked in class?”. I love asking students their opinion on things where everyone will have an answer.
Be Mindful of Perception
So much of teaching and for that matter education in general is tied directly to perception! If the students perceive you as being on their side, you will get so much more accomplished with your students. When students perceive you as caring and wanting them to succeed, they will work harder to do just that. Finally, if the students perceive you as believing that they can do a task, more times than not they will! Perception is what many times becomes reality.
Mix it Up
Here is a unique idea that can gather useful information about your students’ abilities and is very positive for the students. Next quiz you give, after 15 – 20 minutes into the quiz, ask the students to choose one problem they would like you to come around and check to see if it is correct. They tell you which problem they want you to check, and you look at it and say either “Nice Work” or “You might want to check that answer”. This is positive for the student as they experience you helping them succeed. It is a positive for you as it tells you exactly what problem the student may be struggling with or is the least confident working.
Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff
When it comes to all the little questions students ask, that really don’t affect the outcome of their learning, don’t sweat it, and give in a little. If it’s a question that does have an impact on the students’ learning, hold your ground and do not get trained by the students to let them slide. Yes, it does take more time, energy, and effort to do this. It is worth it! Make sure you are not letting the students get away with no response! Set up your classroom and the questions you ask, so no response is not an option. Students may not be happy with you at the start. They will respect what you are doing for them and appreciate what you have done.
Things to remember with your students:
- You must really believe that every student CAN do the work you are asking them to do.
- Not only must you expect, but demand, that they try their best for you in all the work they do.
- Be a cheerleader and constantly tell them they CAN do the work.
- Encourage them along the way as often as possible.
Finally, don’t forget to celebrate the successes along the way. A simple phone call home telling parents how hard their son or daughter has been trying and working goes a long way to help bolster students’ perception of how much you care. You will never regret the extra effort you put in when you see how great the successes are for what you have done.
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Nowadays, it’s becoming known that full-blown psychedelic experiences have shown tremendous value in the treatment of addiction, depression, PTSD, and other mental disorders. But could a dose of psychedelics 1/10th of the mind-altering threshold be valuable as well? A few radical scientists and a new generation of high-octane tech creatives seem to think so.
Albert Hoffman, the famed inventor of LSD, was the first to propose sub-threshold psychedelic use, or what’s now commonly known as microdosing. Hoffman thought that very small doses of 25 micrograms (a threshold LSD dose is about 100 micrograms) might be marketed in the future as an antidepressant, or as an alternative to Ritalin.
More recently, we’ve seen a number of anecdotes of young tech professionals in Northern California microdosing LSD and psilocybin for productivity and creativity, hoping it will help them innovate and solve technical problems. Others have alluded to microdosing as a performance enhancer in some extreme sports, a supplement to improve meditation practice, and one anonymous student has spoken of it as a learning aid for language studies. Yet there has been almost no research on this subject so far, despite these intriguing possibilities.
What Do We Know about Microdosing?
What research does exist comes mainly from an ambitious and unsanctioned project by a scientist named James Fadiman. Dr. Fadiman became interested in psychedelics after running a study on psychedelics in creative problem-solving in the ‘60s where 27 male professionals, including engineers, mathematicians, and architects, took low doses (though still above microdose level) of LSD and mescaline and tried to work out intractable problems in their field during their trip, with impressive results.
Since 2010, Dr. Fadiman has been conducting an informal survey experiment on psychedelic microdosing. He originally posted a recommended regimen and FAQ on microdosing online, inviting interested parties to send him their subjective reports and write-ups as they microdose every fourth day while going about their normal routines. He’s no longer accepting new data and has collected over 100 reports. He hasn’t put anything formal together yet, but his general impression is that most participants had subtly positive experiences. They eat well, get more accomplished, and generally just have “good days.”
That being said, studies in this form are notoriously sensitive to the placebo effect. If you know you’re about to take a microdose today, and you’ve heard all these great things about it, there’s a good chance that the expectation alone will improve your day. One intrepid freelance writer and researcher known only as Gwern had heard about Dr. Fadiman’s studies, and in the name of science, set out to objectively test the effects of microdosing on himself.
Gwern designed a double-blinded experiment where he was unaware of whether he was taking a microdose or a placebo on a given day, wrote a subjective experience, and tested himself in several measures, including mood, productivity, and creativity. He only found out what he had taken that day after his write-up and tests. As a rigorous, if alternative, scientist, he meticulously tracked and statistically analyzed his data extensively. Surprisingly, his results were totally null, and showed no difference between microdoses and placebos. But because Gwern only tested on himself, it’s impossible to say whether this would be true for anyone but him. It raises more questions than answers and highlights the need for more research.
What’s Next for Microdosing?
Many impressive claims have been made about psychedelic microdosing—including improved cognitive function, emotional balance, physical stamina, workplace performance, creativity, and grounding—but there’s a big gap in the research on it. If true, microdosing could represent a new and valuable use for psychedelics and a replacement for mainline pharmaceutical medications. If false, it’s an irresponsible use of tools that we should be mindful of. The jury’s still out on where the chips will fall in this argument, but supporting organizations such as MAPS or treatment centers that demonstrate the efficacy and safety of psychedelics will be instrumental in pushing them into the mainstream enough for good research on esoteric topics like microdosing to come to light.
Dr. Fadiman (with his research assistant) is in fact, still collecting data and has well over 100 participants in his micro dosing studies. You may consider correcting the article and providing links for folks who want to be part of it.
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As I sit here listening to my best friend play away on her flute, practicing for college auditions that are coming up in February, it makes me not only wonder how many hours she has devoted to her playing, but also why music has been removed from elementary schools and why fine arts seems to be so under funded.
It amazes me that not only is my friend an incredible flute player, in my opinion, but there are also many other skills that can be learned from practicing as much as she and my other friends who play instruments have obtained. Such skills and traits as dedication, perseverance, and attention to detail. Such dedication many of my friends exhibit through their practicing is also exhibited in many other aspects of their lives, such as school. They are able to balance between school and their instruments and other activities, and many of them are also in International Baccalaureate, so it amazes me how much time some of them can find in their crazy schedules to practice as much as they do. For example, my friend I are currently listening to practices on average of two hours a day. Many days it’s much longer, until she can no longer move her hands!
This also brings me to the point that music education and fine arts are very important aspects of education, especially for those as talented as my friends. Some of my friends, who are intending to major in musical studies or performances, are relying on their abilities in music to take them on in life. Their love for their music was realized at an early age, most when they started band or orchestra in either the 5th or 4th grades, and from that point on they took advantage of every opportunity that was offered to them. By the school board pushing band into middle school and orchestra to 5th grade though, this hurts some players in that they don’t have as long to develop their skills and find the passion many of my friends have found.
So keep music alive! Either get your kids involved or find some way to show support to the music/fine arts department at yours or your children’s schools. Music is just as important to some as an education.
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Many parents and soon to be parents worry about their children developing autism spectrum disorders. The concern is that they will not be able to live happy productive lives. It has been estimated that as many as 35% of adults aged 19 through 23 who have been diagnosed with autism are not able to find work or attend college after they complete high school. Parents have some options when it comes to autism treatment centers. Many are turning to applied behavior analysis or ABA to help their children who are struggling with autism.
ABA therapy is more of a process by which the behavior of an individual is examined. When autistic children act out, for instance, the ABA approach is to look at factors in the environment that led to that outburst. This is an approach that focuses on developing social, language, and academic skills. It is also helpful in teaching skills for daily living. The United States Surgeon General’s autism treatment report concluded that this can be effective in treating the disorder and it is used in at least 45% of all autism treatment centers around the country.
There are things you can do to get your child ready for their first ABA session.
- Get them ready with a story. Before you go to one of the autism treatment centers, get your child ready for the experience by using a story. Many parents incorporate the experience of starting ABA therapy into a story. These stories help children get ready for the ABA therapy.
- Talk to the therapist about your child’s personality. Children respond differently to stimuli. You will give your child a much better chance of getting the most from their ABA therapy if you talk to the staff at the autism treatment centers about what your child responds well to. Some children are ok with being touched and others react poorly to that. One way to make the experience better is to let the provider know what works best with your child. The therapist will appreciate this feedback and information as it will help them better prepare for your child’s appointment.
- Have a bathroom plan. No matter where your child is in the potty training process, you should take some time to develop a plan. No child is comfortable if they are in a wet or soiled diaper. If they are potty trained, they still may not be comfortable using restrooms in unfamiliar places like the autism treatment centers. Even the best trained child can have an accident in this situation. It never hurts to have an extra set of clothing for your child if they do have an accident.
- Take something comforting with you. Many children, with autism and without it, have items that they like to bring around to make them feel better. This can be a blanket, a stuffed animal or something else. Make sure you bring that with you to the ABA sessions. This can make them less stressed out and will help them get the most from the session.
- Get them food before you go. Hungry children are not happy children. ABA therapy is often a very active process. Many autism treatment centers have very active ABA programs that get children moving. While that is a good thing, burning all those calories can leave children understandably hungry. Some autism treatment centers do have snacks for children undergoing ABA therapy but if you are concerned, you should ask about that in advance. Also, if your child has any food allergies, you should ask about what they give children. Many parents find it easier to bring something they know their child likes and can eat.
- Participate in your child’s ABA treatment. While the time children spend at autism treatment centers is very valuable in helping them develop the skills they need to succeed in life, the kids who get the most from this kind of treatment receive a lot of reinforcement at home. You can take part in the therapy sessions as well. These can also teach you skills you can use to help your child cope.
These tips can help your child have a good ABA experience.
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Monkeypox Cases: As of Saturday, 92 confirmed cases and 28 suspected cases of monkeypox have been reported from 12 member states that are not endemic for the virus, the World Health Organization said.
The World Health Organization said it expects to identify more cases of monkeypox as it expands surveillance in countries where the disease is not typically found.
As of Saturday, 92 confirmed cases and 28 suspected cases of monkeypox have been reported from 12 member states that are not endemic for the virus, the UN agency said, adding it will provide further guidance and recommendations in coming days for countries on how to mitigate the spread of monkeypox.
"Available information suggests that human-to-human transmission is occurring among people in close physical contact with cases who are symptomatic", the agency added.
Monkeypox is an infectious disease that is usually mild, and is endemic in parts of west and central Africa. It is spread by close contact, so it can be relatively easily contained through such measures as self-isolation and hygiene.
"What seems to be happening now is that it has got into the population as a sexual form, as a genital form, and is being spread as are sexually transmitted infections, which has amplified its transmission around the world," WHO official David Heymann, an infectious disease specialist, told Reuters.
Heymann said an international committee of experts met via video conference to look at what needed to be studied about the outbreak and communicated to the public, including whether there is any asymptomatic spread, who are at most risk, and the various routes of transmission.
He said the meeting was convened "because of the urgency of the situation". The committee is not the group that would suggest declaring a public health emergency of international concern, WHO's highest form of alert, which applies to the COVID
He said close contact was the key transmission route, as lesions typical of the disease are very infectious. For example, parents caring for sick children are at risk, as are health workers, which is why some countries have started inoculating teams treating monkeypox patients using vaccines
for smallpox, a related virus.
Many of the current cases have been identified at sexual health clinics.
Early genomic sequencing of a handful of the cases in Europe has suggested a similarity with that spread in a limited fashion in Britain, Israel and Singapore in 2018.
Heymann said it was "biologically plausible" the virus had been circulating outside of the countries where it is endemic, but had not led to major outbreaks as a result of COVID
-19 lockdowns, social distancing and travel restrictions.
He stressed that the monkeypox outbreak did not resemble the early days of the COVID
-19 pandemic because it does not transmit as easily. Those who suspect they may have been exposed or who show symptoms including bumpy rash and fever, should avoid close contact with others, he said.
"There are vaccines
available, but the most important message is, you can protect yourself," he added.
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On December 4, 2021 just an hour after sunrise the “White Continent” will go dark as a total solar eclipse occurs in one of our planet’s most remote and beautiful regions.
The Antarctica eclipse will be experienced by more penguins than people, but there will be cruise ships on the water and a handful of scenic flights in the skies above. To be in the shadow of the Moon and maybe catch a glimpse of the Sun’s ethereal, ice-white corona is the prize.
One of nature’s greatest experiences is coming—and there are odd some things you probably don’t know about it:
1. The brief ‘totality’ is only visible in Antarctica
Occurring low in the sky above the floating icebergs of the Wedell Sea on December 4, 2021, this (maximum 1 minute 54 seconds total solar eclipse is exclusive to Antarctica. Onlookers will feel the Moon’s shadow rush towards them and the temperature drop while the light plunges back to twilight after a brief Antarctica night. If skies and clear, with naked eyes they’ll see the last ray of sunlight form a beautiful “diamond ring” around the Moon before the big reveal of the Sun’s delicate ice-white corona spraying into space.
2. The Moon’s shadow will ‘go backwards’
Eclipse-chasers are used to looking at a path of totality that goes from west to east. The stars, the Sun and the Moon rise in the east, but the Moon is actually orbiting Earth—really fast—in the opposite direction. That’s normally revealed during a total solar eclipse when its shadow zips across Earth from west to east. On December 4, however, the path of totality curves across the lines of longitude and moves “backwards” on the map—from east to west—because the South Pole is tilted towards the Sun.
3. An Emperor Penguin colony will experience totality year
Ever seen an Emperor penguin with a confused look on its face? An Emperor Penguin colony breeds on the ice near the northwestern coast of Berkner Island and the Ronne Ice Shelf, about 90 km northwest of Gould Bay in the southern Weddell Sea. There are about 8,000 here—far greater than the number of humans who will experience totality—who will “go dark” for 1 minute 45 seconds.
4. Two planes will fly in from Chile and Australia
Airborne eclipse-chasing lacks the drama of the eclipse experience from the ground, but for those who just want to see a clear totality it’s a quick—albeit expensive—option. On December 4, 2021 two special scenic flights will depart from Santiago, Chile and from Melbourne, Australia to intercept the path of totality. The former will attempt to see the eclipsed Sun at the moment of sunrise.
5. Solar eclipses happen in Antarctica every 18 years, 11 months and 8 hours
They may seem random but there is a long underlying pattern behind solar eclipses. The solar saros cycle, a repeating pattern of the Sun, Moon and Earth, throws near-identical shadows across space every 18 years, 11 days and 8 hours. That’s 223 orbits of the Moon around the Earth. Antarctica has its own saros cycle—Saros 152—which began causing total solar eclipses in 1967 and will continue to do so until the year 2490.
It creates solar eclipses at almost the same latitude, every 18 years, 11 days and 8 hours, but the latitude changes. The last one was on November 24, 2003 and the next one is on 15 December, 2039 in remote east Antarctica.
6. Two of the world’s most remote islands will see a big partial solar eclipse
A partially eclipsed Sun will be visible from Tristan da Cunha, the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world in the South Atlantic Ocean. The 250 people on this British Overseas Territory will see a 52% partial solar eclipse. The seals, seabirds, and penguins of tiny Bouvet Island, a Norwegian-claimed volcanic island and often regarded as the most remote island on the planet, will see a 63% partial solar eclipse.
Southern Namibia and South Africa will also experience partiality, but only of a few percent.
7. The following solar eclipse is also in Antarctica
As well as hosting the final solar eclipse of 2021, Antarctica will also stage the first one of 2022 when on April 30, 2022, a partial solar eclipse will see 64% of the Sun covered by the Moon as seen from west of the Antarctica Peninsula. A smaller partial solar eclipse will be visible in the south Pacific and western South America. It will precede a total lunar eclipse on May 16, 2022, which will be easy visible to all in North America and South America.
Disclaimer: I am the editor of WhenIsTheNextEclipse.com
Wishing you clear skies and wide eyes.
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Fall is right around the corner and there are so many wonderful ways to learn with this season. Here’s one fun way to do math with fall nature items, from my book, A Magical Homeschool: Nature Studies (52 Wonderful Ways to Use Nature Studies in Every Season to Teach Science, Math, Art and More).
Make math manipulatives out of natural items outside. Challenge the kids to help you collect all sorts of natural treasures to use for different number values.
You can use shells, rocks, pine cones, sticks (paint them and use different lengths like Cuisenaire rods!), tree nuts, you name it.
Put the kids in charge of deciding what each item is worth and then ask them to show you how to use them. For instance, they could use shells like money (big ones are a dollar, little gray ones are five cents, and so on) and then “shop” with them.
Alternately, they could make base ten values for various items (these pine cones are 100, these rocks are 10, these seed pods are one…) and then use them for calculations.
Of course, like many of the projects in the book, this is one that you can do year-round. It’s just particularly well suited for fall with the wonderful assortment of acorns, pine cones and other natural items to gather this time of year.
Other fall projects in the book include:
- Amped Up Scavenger Hunt
- Nature photography
- Paint Sample Match-Up
- Fall Branch Preservation
- Pumpkin Seed Lesson Plans
- Leaf Tracking
- Mashed Potato Science
- Apple Orchard Visit
- More Apple Fun
- Grape Harvesting
- Bendable Bones
- Migratory Bird Tracking
And in the paperback version…
- Autumn Nature Sketch Pages
- Autumn Nature Projects & Observations Pages
You can read the book for free if you subscribe to Kindle Unlimited (if you do subscribe to KU, you might also like our Facebook page, Homeschooling with Kindle Unlimited). Click here if you’d like to peek inside the book.
Note: This post contains affiliate links. Purchases made on Amazon through our links earns us a small commission at no extra cost to you.
David(November 1, 2017 - 9:51 pm)
I saw one of my microscopy images used on the site so I came to visit. Not to worry its in public domain. You sound like great parents and teachers. One thing to add to the list of things to look at, is crystals. My favorite is MgSO4. With careful timing you can mix with water on a microscope slide and the heat from the light will “cook it” and you can watch the crystals grow in real time. Add some color die etc for holiday fun. Do you have a microscope camera? I don’t mean a full size dslr. I mean the small bullet cameras that fit in the eyepiece. The 5mp version is awesome for videos and pictures.
A Magical Homeschool(November 2, 2017 - 4:58 pm)
Yes, we have those and also pocket microscopes that we really enjoy. There are so many affordable options these days. I’m not sure if we’ve looked at epsom salts or not, but I’ll make sure to add it to the salts we look at. Thanks for the suggestion!
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Being a philanthropist is often of the fantasy of most would-be billionaires. It conjures up images of dedication ceremonies and schools built in your honor with plaques memorializing your generosity. Some philanthropists are in fact known for giving away substantial amounts of money for majestic causes that aid society. Some notable examples include John D. Rockefeller and Warren Buffett. There are also philanthropists who have dedicated their very lives to causes they are passionate about, such as Mother Teresa and Paul Farmer, both recipients of numerous humanitarian awards.
That being said, there are countless philanthropists who aren’t even remotely famous, and it suits them just fine. The origin of the word was coined by the Greek playwright Aeschylus to describe a love of humanity. Today it has evolved to mean generosity in all forms, not just monetary or even grandiose, and it is practiced by over 36 million Americans. The gift of philanthropy means a choice of time, talent, or treasure. In addition, most active philanthropists today seek to solve major problems at their root causes, not just to promote one-time projects. There is a deep desire to make the world literally a better place, whether it be through climate change, animal rights, or social issues. The U.S. government endorses the idea of charitable giving by offering tax incentives such as deductions against capital gains, income, and estate taxes.
In addition to helping others, there is a lot to be gained from being a philanthropist. From a mental health perspective, it feels good to know you can make a difference in helping the world or a cause you feel passionate about. There are even resources to help you decide how to best use your time, talents, and/or money. For many people, time is the most precious commodity there is, so donating it is a gesture of dedication and commitment to a cause. People volunteer in soup kitchens or tutor teenagers. This, in turn, leads to greater overall happiness for the giver as well, leading to lower overall stress levels. Humans are very social creatures, so it also enforces a sense of community.
Boosting your giving IQ is a series of steps to help identify causes that impact you and then selecting the most productive way to accomplish your action plan. In some cases, this might mean setting up a long-term fund that will support your causes long after you are no longer around. Some people create giving circles that bring like-minded people together to make a greater impact.
This article was originally published on https://peterpalivos.net/
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Pistil is the female reproductive structure which is distinguished into three parts; ovary, style and stigma. The process of fertilization occurs in the pistil; after fertilization the ovule becomes the seed and ovary form the fruit. The pollen falls on the stigma and germination occurs on the stigmatic surface resulting in the formation of the pollen tube. The pollen tube passes through the style and reaches the embryo sac of the ovule and releases the male gametes. The fusion of male and female gametes occurs in the embryo sac resulting in the formation of zygote.
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When we first think of Minecraft, circles aren’t a shape that we normally associate with this game.
It’s known for consisting entirely of cube -like shapes, that give the game its characteristic charm that we all know and love.
This leads us to the question, can you actually make circular shapes in Minecraft, or does the game not support this function?
Well, we’re here to tell you that it’s absolutely possible to make circular shapes within the game, if you know how, that is.
Despite being a very blocky game with a whole lot of pixels, it is totally possible to make circles in the game.
This is great for when you want to build items that have a circular quality to them, and stand out from the crowd.
Below, we’ve compiled a handy guide that will tell you everything you need to know about making circles in Minecraft.
To find out more, simply keep reading below, as we take a closer look.
What Is Minecraft?
Before we get started and jump straight in with our handy step by step guide, first, let’s take a closer look at what Minecraft is.
It’s an incredibly popular online game, and allows players to live in a pixelated three dimensional world.
You can have fun building a whole host of different items, using the raw materials that you can find around you in the game.
You can also fight against hostile mobs, as well as compete against other players who are in your world. It all depends on the game mode that you’ve chosen.
Through the years, it has won countless awards, and has even been heralded as one of the greatest online games of all time.
Step By Step Guide For Creating A Circle In Minecraft
So, without further ado, let’s get started with our handy guide that can teach you how to make circles within the game .
Although it might seem tricky at first, if you follow it step by step, you’ll get the hang of things and will be making your circular shapes in no time.
Here’s a quick example of a 12 x 12 circle:
- Place 4 blocks on the bottom horizontally
- Out and above that, place two on each side horizontally
- Out and above those, place two on each side vertically
- Place 4 tiles on each side vertically, out and above
- 2 tiles will be laid vertically, in and above
- Then 2 horizontally, in and above
- Finally, 4 horizontally in and above
In order to get started with your circle, first, you’ll have to decide what size you’d like your shape to be.
Whichever size you choose, it will need to be equal on both sides, for example 17 x 17, in order to achieve that perfect circular shape.
In this article, we’ll use an example of a circle that’s 15 x 15, which is medium in size, and will show you how to make one yourself.
To get started, you’ll need to make a plus sign in the middle, then you can work your way out, placing 15 blocks in each direction from the center.
After you’ve done this, you will need to place four blocks at the top of each line.
After you’ve laid down the fourth block, you’ll then need to place a block underneath this outer one, and two more, so that you have three blocks underneath it.
Then, from this row, place one single block underneath the outermost one.
You should then repeat the steps outlined above from the other side. By doing this, you will have created a quarter of a circle.
You should then repeat it for all four corners of the shape, you’ll then be left with the perfect circular shape.
Do I Require Any Tools To Create Circles?
In regards to creating circular shapes within the game, this is one of the most frequently asked questions that we receive.
Do you need any tools in order to make circular shapes within the game, or can you simply create them without any additional help?
Well, we would recommend that if you’re just getting started with generating shapes within the game, that you use some kind of tool to help you.
It can be difficult to visualize different shapes, and therefore can sometimes require some additional help.
We would recommend that if you’re just getting started out, that you use this tool, in order to help you along the way.
It gives you complete control over the size of the circle that you want to create, and generates a pattern for you, so that you don’t have to struggle or do any unnecessary guesswork.
You can also choose the border size that you’d like using this program, as well as the types of blocks that you’ll need. It’s super easy to use, and you can get started right away.
How Do I Make A Hollow Sphere?
Some of you might be wondering how you make a hollow sphere in Minecraft. This is actually far simpler than creating a circle, and doesn’t require much skill or effort at all.
In order to create a hollow sphere, all you need to do is step inside the sphere, and mine from the inside out. This will give you the shape that you’re looking for.
To sum up, although building circles might seem difficult at first, once you get the hang of it, it couldn’t be easier.
We’d recommend using the Pixel Circle generator if you’re just getting started out so that you can get the number of blocks to use just right, as well as your borders.
Essentially, making circles in Minecraft is all about symmetry, and once you’ve figured out the pattern for one side, all you need to do is repeat it on the other.
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The study investigated how the material roughness of a tablet computer surface can affect thermal sensation and comfort of users fingers and palms at different surface temperatures. Three levels of pattern spacing were tested, and it was shown that rough material surface provided higher thermal comfort comparing to a smooth surface. In addition, the surface temperature of the material also moderates participants′ physical sensation of the roughness of the materials. The results of the study have shown evidences of the potentials to use materials with spatial patterns to improve thermal comfort while dissipating heat from electronic devices.
Volume Subject Area:Heterogeneous Integration: Micro-Systems With Diverse Functionality
This content is only available via PDF.
Copyright © 2017 by ASME
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After focusing on Internet 4.0 for the past three years, Chinaplas is seeing the rise of circular economy in the industry.
“We’ve been aware of circular economy for some time. As early as 2011, we launched the ‘Bioplastics Zone’, introducing biodegradable plastics and bio-based plastics,” says Ada Leung, GM of Chinaplas show organizer Adsale Exhibition Services.
“We have also set up a ‘Recycling Technology Zone’ since 2016 in Shanghai.”
“The show lineup continues to grow. In the upcoming Chinaplas, circular economy will be promoted to a prime position, leading exhibitors and visitors to explore the enormous potential.”
The core of circular economy is the efficient use and recycling of resources, and plastic waste recycling is an indispensable part.
It is predicted that by 2025, China, one of the world’s largest waste plastics recycling countries, will produce urban solid waste amounting to nearly a quarter of the world’s total.
By improving the recycling rate of waste plastics, the development of a circular economy can be greatly promoted.
While the market is huge, raw materials are scarce.
In 2017, China launched the “Implementation Plan on Advancing Reform of the Administration System on Import of Solid Wastes through Prohibiting Import of Foreign Rubbish”.
After the ban on the import of household waste plastics at the end of 2017, industrial source waste plastics will also be completely banned by the end of 2018.
Waste plastics imported into China reportedly amounted to 7.3 million tons in 2016.
Worth US$3.7 billion, it accounted for 56% of the world’s total imports of waste plastics.
In the past, the waste processing and recycling industry relied heavily on imports, lacking a complete recycling chain, while recycling rate and proportion of large-scale recycling are both low.
With the implementation of the ban, it is bound to intensify the shortage of raw materials, and the recycling system of renewable resources is in urgent need of change.
The entire chain of garbage classification, waste collection and treatment, recycling and reuse has yet to be fully established.
Supported by the Chinese government’s policy, as well as “Internet of Things & smart recycling”, technologies are being disseminated quickly.
Among intelligent waste separation and recycling enterprises, Xiaohuanggou Environmental Protection Technology is realizing the model of classified recycling of domestic garbage at the front-end, unified transportation in the middle, and centralized treatment at the back-end.
In addition, a group of outstanding enterprises in the recycling industry, such as Huge Recycle, Lumao, iXiandou, Qianniao and Zhangyuhuishou are also working into the front and back ends in recycling to improve efficiency through the Internet.
More will be discussed and solutions showcased at Chinaplas 2019, with the Recycling Technology Zone, and the Plastics Recycling, Recovery & Sustainability Conference.
The show will be held at China Import and Export Complex, Pazhou, Guangzhou, from May 21-24, 2019.
About 3,400 exhibitors are expected to be at the show with at least 180,000 trade visitors from 150 countries and regions.
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