id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 490
values | context stringlengths 151 1.22k | question stringlengths 11 25.7k | answers dict | masked_query stringlengths 10 25.7k | query_embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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5733bd9bd058e614000b619b | Montana | Montana i/mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more ... | What is its rank in popularion? | {
"text": [
"44th"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} | What is its rank in popularion? | [
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5733bd9bd058e614000b619c | Montana | Montana i/mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more ... | How many ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains? | {
"text": [
"77"
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"answer_start": [
590
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} | How many ranges are part of [MASK]? | [
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5733e9864776f419006614cc | Montana | The state also has five Micropolitan Statistical Areas centered on Bozeman, Butte, Helena, Kalispell and Havre. These communities, excluding Havre, are colloquially known as the "big 7" Montana cities, as they are consistently the seven largest communities in Montana, with a significant population difference when these... | How much of the states population does the "Big 7" have? | {
"text": [
"35 percent"
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628
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} | How much of the states population does the "Big 7" have? | [
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5733eefe4776f4190066154b | Montana | Montana has 56 counties with the United States Census Bureau stating Montana's contains 364 "places", broken down into 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over ... | How many counties does Montana have? | {
"text": [
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12
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} | How many counties does [MASK] have? | [
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5733eefe4776f4190066154c | Montana | Montana has 56 counties with the United States Census Bureau stating Montana's contains 364 "places", broken down into 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over ... | What city in Montana has over 100,000 people? | {
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"Billings"
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287
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} | What city in [MASK] has over [MASK] people? | [
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5733eefe4776f4190066154d | Montana | Montana has 56 counties with the United States Census Bureau stating Montana's contains 364 "places", broken down into 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over ... | What two cities have a population over 50,000? | {
"text": [
"Missoula and Great Falls"
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374
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} | What [MASK] cities have a population over [MASK]? | [
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5733f5d34776f419006615bb | Montana | With a total area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares ... | What is the total area of Montana? | {
"text": [
"147,040 square miles"
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21
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} | What is the total area of [MASK]? | [
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5733f5d34776f419006615bc | Montana | With a total area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares ... | What state does Montana border to the south? | {
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502
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5733f5d34776f419006615bd | Montana | With a total area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares ... | What state does it border to the west? | {
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"Idaho"
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527
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} | What state does it border to the west? | [
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573408fed058e614000b6835 | Montana | The topography of the state is roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. Most of Montana's 100 or more named mountain ranges are concentrated in the western half of the state, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the Northern... | Where are most of the states mountain ranges? | {
"text": [
"western half of the state"
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"answer_start": [
224
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} | Where are most of the [MASK] mountain ranges? | [
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573408fed058e614000b6836 | Montana | The topography of the state is roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. Most of Montana's 100 or more named mountain ranges are concentrated in the western half of the state, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the Northern... | How much of the state is prarie? | {
"text": [
"About 60 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
697
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} | How much of the state is [MASK]? | [
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573409bed058e614000b6839 | Montana | The northern section of the Divide, where the mountains give way rapidly to prairie, is part of the Rocky Mountain Front. The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. Due to the configuration of mountain ranges in Glacier National Park, the Northern Divide (which begins i... | Which direction do the rivers flow near the Triple Divide Peak? | {
"text": [
"north"
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485
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} | Which direction do the rivers flow near [MASK]? | [
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573409bed058e614000b683a | Montana | The northern section of the Divide, where the mountains give way rapidly to prairie, is part of the Rocky Mountain Front. The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. Due to the configuration of mountain ranges in Glacier National Park, the Northern Divide (which begins i... | Where does the Saskatchewan River empty into? | {
"text": [
"Hudson Bay."
],
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583
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} | Where does [MASK] empty into? | [
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57340a0dd058e614000b6851 | Montana | East of the divide, several roughly parallel ranges cover the southern part of the state, including the Gravelly Range, the Madison Range, Gallatin Range, Absaroka Mountains and the Beartooth Mountains. The Beartooth Plateau is the largest continuous land mass over 10,000 feet (3,000 m) high in the continental United S... | How high is the Beartooth Plateau? | {
"text": [
"over 10,000 feet"
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"answer_start": [
261
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} | How high is [MASK]? | [
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57340a0dd058e614000b6852 | Montana | East of the divide, several roughly parallel ranges cover the southern part of the state, including the Gravelly Range, the Madison Range, Gallatin Range, Absaroka Mountains and the Beartooth Mountains. The Beartooth Plateau is the largest continuous land mass over 10,000 feet (3,000 m) high in the continental United S... | What is thie highest point in the state? | {
"text": [
"Granite Peak"
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"answer_start": [
371
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} | What is thie highest point in the state? | [
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57340bdf4776f419006617a3 | Montana | However, at the state level, the pattern of split ticket voting and divided government holds. Democrats currently hold one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, as well as four of the five statewide offices (Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and State Auditor). The lone congressional distri... | How many seats do Democrats hold in the state US Senate's seats? | {
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} | How many seats do [MASK] hold in the state [MASK] seats? | [
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57340bdf4776f419006617a4 | Montana | However, at the state level, the pattern of split ticket voting and divided government holds. Democrats currently hold one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, as well as four of the five statewide offices (Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and State Auditor). The lone congressional distri... | How long has the single congressional district been Republican? | {
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349
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} | How long has the single congressional district been [MASK]? | [
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57340bdf4776f419006617a6 | Montana | However, at the state level, the pattern of split ticket voting and divided government holds. Democrats currently hold one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, as well as four of the five statewide offices (Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and State Auditor). The lone congressional distri... | What is the split in the State House of Representatives? | {
"text": [
"59 to 41."
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727
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} | What is the split in [MASK]? | [
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57340bdf4776f419006617a5 | Montana | However, at the state level, the pattern of split ticket voting and divided government holds. Democrats currently hold one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, as well as four of the five statewide offices (Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and State Auditor). The lone congressional distri... | What is the split in the state Senate controller by the Republicans? | {
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"29 to 21"
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675
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} | What is the split in the state [MASK] controller by the [MASK]? | [
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57341184d058e614000b68da | Montana | In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has vote... | In elections, what is Montana considered? | {
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} | In elections, what is [MASK] considered? | [
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57341184d058e614000b68db | Montana | In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has vote... | What year was the last Democrat for president supported? | {
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57341184d058e614000b68dc | Montana | In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has vote... | How often has Montana voted for a Democratic governor? | {
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} | How often has [MASK] voted for a [MASK] governor? | [
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573412ebd058e614000b68f0 | Montana | Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013. Montana's other major Airports include Billings Logan International Airport, Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park In... | What is the name of the busiest airport in Montana? | {
"text": [
"Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport"
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0
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} | What is the name of the busiest airport in [MASK]? | [
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573412ebd058e614000b68f1 | Montana | Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013. Montana's other major Airports include Billings Logan International Airport, Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park In... | When did Bozeman Airport surpass Billings Logan as the largest busiest in Montana? | {
"text": [
"2013"
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155
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} | When did [MASK] surpass [MASK] as the largest busiest in [MASK]? | [
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573413594776f41900661803 | Montana | Railroads have been an important method of transportation in Montana since the 1880s. Historically, the state was traversed by the main lines of three east-west transcontinental routes: the Milwaukee Road, the Great Northern, and the Northern Pacific. Today, the BNSF Railway is the state's largest railroad, its main tr... | What is the states largest railway? | {
"text": [
"BNSF Railway"
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} | What is the states largest railway? | [
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573413594776f41900661804 | Montana | Railroads have been an important method of transportation in Montana since the 1880s. Historically, the state was traversed by the main lines of three east-west transcontinental routes: the Milwaukee Road, the Great Northern, and the Northern Pacific. Today, the BNSF Railway is the state's largest railroad, its main tr... | How long have railroads been important since in Montana | {
"text": [
"1880s"
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} | How long have railroads been important since in [MASK] | [
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... |
573414644776f4190066180d | Montana | Montana is home to the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and has a historic big game hunting tradition. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. A random draw grants a limited number of permits for moose, mountain goats and bighorn sheep. There is a spring hu... | What is the name of the big game hunting foundation in Montana? | {
"text": [
"Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} | What is the name of the big game hunting foundation in [MASK]? | [
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573414644776f4190066180e | Montana | Montana is home to the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and has a historic big game hunting tradition. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. A random draw grants a limited number of permits for moose, mountain goats and bighorn sheep. There is a spring hu... | What season is black bear hunting allowed? | {
"text": [
"spring"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} | What season is black bear hunting allowed? | [
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573414644776f4190066180f | Montana | Montana is home to the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and has a historic big game hunting tradition. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. A random draw grants a limited number of permits for moose, mountain goats and bighorn sheep. There is a spring hu... | What two predators can be hunted in specific numbers? | {
"text": [
"wolves and mountain lions"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} | What [MASK] predators can be hunted in specific numbers? | [
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57341539d058e614000b6906 | Montana | Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organizations... | Since when has Montana been a destination for trout fisheries? | {
"text": [
"1930s"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} | Since when has [MASK] been a destination for trout fisheries? | [
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57341539d058e614000b6907 | Montana | Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organizations... | What fishing organization has its home here? | {
"text": [
"Federation of Fly Fishers"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} | What fishing organization has its home here? | [
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57341539d058e614000b6908 | Montana | Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organizations... | What type of fisheries does the state have? | {
"text": [
"trout and kokanee salmon fisheries"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} | What type of fisheries does the state have? | [
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57341539d058e614000b6909 | Montana | Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organizations... | What Robert Redford movie was shot here in 1002? | {
"text": [
"A River Runs Through It"
],
"answer_start": [
671
]
} | What [MASK] movie was shot here in [MASK]? | [
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573416974776f41900661835 | Montana | Montana contains thousands of named rivers and creeks, 450 miles (720 km) of which are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing. Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose river... | How many miles of rivers are known for high class trout? | {
"text": [
"450"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} | How many miles of rivers are known for high class trout? | [
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573416974776f41900661836 | Montana | Montana contains thousands of named rivers and creeks, 450 miles (720 km) of which are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing. Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose river... | What Bay do rivers from Montana feed? | {
"text": [
"Hudson Bay"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} | What Bay do rivers from [MASK] feed? | [
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573416974776f41900661837 | Montana | Montana contains thousands of named rivers and creeks, 450 miles (720 km) of which are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing. Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose river... | Where do the watersheds divide at? | {
"text": [
"Triple Divide Peak in Glacier National Park."
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} | Where do the watersheds divide at? | [
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573416974776f41900661838 | Montana | Montana contains thousands of named rivers and creeks, 450 miles (720 km) of which are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing. Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose river... | What ocean do rivers flow into from Montana? | {
"text": [
"Pacific Ocean"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} | What ocean do rivers flow into from [MASK]? | [
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5734173b4776f4190066184f | Montana | East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers near Three Forks, flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks ... | What rivers form the Missouri River? | {
"text": [
"Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} | What rivers form [MASK]? | [
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5734173b4776f41900661850 | Montana | East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers near Three Forks, flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks ... | Near where do the rivers form up for the Missouri river merging? | {
"text": [
"Three Forks"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} | Near where do the rivers form up for the [MASK] river merging? | [
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... |
5734173b4776f41900661851 | Montana | East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers near Three Forks, flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks ... | Which direction does the water flow in this area? | {
"text": [
"north"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} | Which direction does the water flow in this area? | [
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5734173b4776f41900661852 | Montana | East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers near Three Forks, flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks ... | Which year was the Fort Peck Reservoir designated a National Scenic River? | {
"text": [
"1976"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} | Which year was [MASK] designated [MASK]? | [
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57341835d058e614000b693e | Montana | The Yellowstone River rises on the continental divide near Younts Peak in Wyoming's Teton Wilderness. It flows north through Yellowstone National Park, enters Montana near Gardiner, and passes through the Paradise Valley to Livingston. It then flows northeasterly across the state through Billings, Miles City, Glendive,... | Which direction does the Yellowstone River flow through the national park? | {
"text": [
"north"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} | Which direction does [MASK] flow through the national park? | [
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57341835d058e614000b693f | Montana | The Yellowstone River rises on the continental divide near Younts Peak in Wyoming's Teton Wilderness. It flows north through Yellowstone National Park, enters Montana near Gardiner, and passes through the Paradise Valley to Livingston. It then flows northeasterly across the state through Billings, Miles City, Glendive,... | Where does the Yellowstone meet the Missouri river? | {
"text": [
"North Dakota"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} | Where does the [MASK] meet the [MASK] river? | [
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5734192ad058e614000b6942 | Montana | There are at least 3,223 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. The largest reservoir in the state is F... | How many named lakes are there in Montana? | {
"text": [
"at least 3,223"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} | How many named lakes are there in [MASK]? | [
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5734192ad058e614000b6943 | Montana | There are at least 3,223 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. The largest reservoir in the state is F... | What is the name of the largest freshwater lake in western United States? | {
"text": [
"Flathead Lake"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} | What is the name of the largest freshwater lake in western [MASK]? | [
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5734192ad058e614000b6944 | Montana | There are at least 3,223 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. The largest reservoir in the state is F... | What is the name of the largest reservoir in the state? | {
"text": [
"Fort Peck Reservoir"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} | What is the name of the largest reservoir in the state? | [
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5734192ad058e614000b6945 | Montana | There are at least 3,223 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. The largest reservoir in the state is F... | What river is the Fort Peck Reservoir on? | {
"text": [
"Missouri river"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} | What river is [MASK] on? | [
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573419714776f41900661871 | Montana | Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine; Douglas fir, larch, spruce; aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder; rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. Forests cover approximately 25 percent of the state. Flowers native to Montana include asters, bitterroots, daisies, lupins, poppies, prim... | About how much area do forests cover the state? | {
"text": [
"approximately 25 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} | About how much area do forests cover the state? | [
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57341b484776f41900661885 | Montana | Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 14 amphibian, 90 fish, 117 mammal, 20 reptile and 427 bird species. Additionally, there are over 10,000 invertebrate species, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Montana hosts five fe... | How many different types of fish are diverse to Montana? | {
"text": [
"90"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} | How many different types of fish are diverse to [MASK]? | [
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57341b484776f41900661886 | Montana | Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 14 amphibian, 90 fish, 117 mammal, 20 reptile and 427 bird species. Additionally, there are over 10,000 invertebrate species, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Montana hosts five fe... | What type of bear does Montana have the highest population of? | {
"text": [
"grizzly bear"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} | What type of bear does [MASK] have the highest population of? | [
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57341b484776f41900661887 | Montana | Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 14 amphibian, 90 fish, 117 mammal, 20 reptile and 427 bird species. Additionally, there are over 10,000 invertebrate species, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Montana hosts five fe... | How many endangered species are in Montana? | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} | How many endangered species are in [MASK]? | [
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57341b484776f41900661888 | Montana | Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 14 amphibian, 90 fish, 117 mammal, 20 reptile and 427 bird species. Additionally, there are over 10,000 invertebrate species, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Montana hosts five fe... | How many species of game fish have hunting seasons? | {
"text": [
"at least 17"
],
"answer_start": [
609
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} | How many species of game fish have hunting seasons? | [
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57341cf4d058e614000b6964 | Montana | Montana's personal income tax contains 7 brackets, with rates ranging from 1 percent to 6.9 percent. Montana has no sales tax. In Montana, household goods are exempt from property taxes. However, property taxes are assessed on livestock, farm machinery, heavy equipment, automobiles, trucks, and business equipment. The ... | How many tax brackets does Montana have? | {
"text": [
"7"
],
"answer_start": [
39
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} | How many tax brackets does [MASK] have? | [
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57341cf4d058e614000b6965 | Montana | Montana's personal income tax contains 7 brackets, with rates ranging from 1 percent to 6.9 percent. Montana has no sales tax. In Montana, household goods are exempt from property taxes. However, property taxes are assessed on livestock, farm machinery, heavy equipment, automobiles, trucks, and business equipment. The ... | What is the highest tax bracket in Montana? | {
"text": [
"6.9 percent"
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"answer_start": [
88
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} | What is the highest tax bracket in [MASK]? | [
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57341cf4d058e614000b6966 | Montana | Montana's personal income tax contains 7 brackets, with rates ranging from 1 percent to 6.9 percent. Montana has no sales tax. In Montana, household goods are exempt from property taxes. However, property taxes are assessed on livestock, farm machinery, heavy equipment, automobiles, trucks, and business equipment. The ... | Does Montana have a sales tax? | {
"text": [
"no"
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113
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} | Does [MASK] have a sales tax? | [
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57341fc9d058e614000b6974 | Montana | While the largest European-American population in Montana overall is German, pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also settled... | What is the largest European-American race in Montana? | {
"text": [
"German"
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"answer_start": [
69
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} | What is the largest [MASK] race in [MASK]? | [
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57341fc9d058e614000b6975 | Montana | While the largest European-American population in Montana overall is German, pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also settled... | What was Helena originally founded as? | {
"text": [
"a mining camp"
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"answer_start": [
688
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} | What was [MASK] originally founded as? | [
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573420e34776f419006618ed | Montana | The climate has become warmer in Montana and continues to do so. The glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded and are predicted to melt away completely in a few decades. Many Montana cities set heat records during July 2007, the hottest month ever recorded in Montana. Winters are warmer, too, and have fewer cold ... | In what year did many cities in Montana set heat records? | {
"text": [
"2007"
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225
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} | In what year did many cities in [MASK] set heat records? | [
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573420e34776f419006618ee | Montana | The climate has become warmer in Montana and continues to do so. The glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded and are predicted to melt away completely in a few decades. Many Montana cities set heat records during July 2007, the hottest month ever recorded in Montana. Winters are warmer, too, and have fewer cold ... | What month was the hottest ever recorded? | {
"text": [
"July"
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"answer_start": [
220
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} | What month was the hottest ever recorded? | [
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573420e34776f419006618ef | Montana | The climate has become warmer in Montana and continues to do so. The glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded and are predicted to melt away completely in a few decades. Many Montana cities set heat records during July 2007, the hottest month ever recorded in Montana. Winters are warmer, too, and have fewer cold ... | What problem has substantially increased in its severity? | {
"text": [
"forest fires"
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"answer_start": [
584
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} | What problem has substantially increased in its severity? | [
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5734215f4776f419006618fb | Montana | As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and th... | What year was the Hellgate treaty formed? | {
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162
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} | What year was the [MASK] treaty formed? | [
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5734215f4776f419006618fc | Montana | As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and th... | Who negotiated the Hellgate treaty? | {
"text": [
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200
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} | Who negotiated the [MASK] treaty? | [
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5734215f4776f419006618fd | Montana | As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and th... | What year was the treaty ratified? | {
"text": [
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438
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} | What year was the treaty ratified? | [
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5734215f4776f419006618fe | Montana | As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and th... | What did the treaty establish? | {
"text": [
"Flathead Indian Reservation"
],
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495
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} | What did the treaty establish? | [
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573422e44776f41900661927 | Montana | According to the 2010 Census, 89.4 percent of the population was White (87.8 percent Non-Hispanic White), 6.3 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9 percent Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.6 percent Asian, 0.4 percent Black or African American, 0.1 percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.6 pe... | What percent of the state is White? | {
"text": [
"89.4 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} | What percent of the state is [MASK]? | [
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573422e44776f41900661928 | Montana | According to the 2010 Census, 89.4 percent of the population was White (87.8 percent Non-Hispanic White), 6.3 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9 percent Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.6 percent Asian, 0.4 percent Black or African American, 0.1 percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.6 pe... | What percent of the state is Native American Indian? | {
"text": [
"6.3 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} | What percent of the state is [MASK] Indian? | [
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573422e44776f41900661929 | Montana | According to the 2010 Census, 89.4 percent of the population was White (87.8 percent Non-Hispanic White), 6.3 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9 percent Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.6 percent Asian, 0.4 percent Black or African American, 0.1 percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.6 pe... | Hispanics account for what percentage of Monatanas population? | {
"text": [
"2.9"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} | Hispanics account for what percentage of [MASK] population? | [
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573424434776f41900661941 | Montana | The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century... | What was the population of the state in 2015? | {
"text": [
"1,032,949"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} | What was the population of the state in [MASK]? | [
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573424434776f41900661942 | Montana | The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century... | How much did the population increase since 2010? | {
"text": [
"4.40%"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} | How much did the population increase since [MASK]? | [
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573424434776f41900661943 | Montana | The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century... | What county saw the largest growth? | {
"text": [
"Gallatin County"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} | What county saw the largest growth? | [
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573424434776f41900661944 | Montana | The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century... | What city saw the largest growth? | {
"text": [
"Kalispell"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} | What city saw the largest growth? | [
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573424d74776f41900661949 | Montana | In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war. This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time. Other pacifists tended ... | What year was Jeannette Rankin vote against war the first time? | {
"text": [
"1917"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} | What year was [MASK] vote against war the [MASK] time? | [
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573424d74776f4190066194a | Montana | In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war. This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time. Other pacifists tended ... | When did she vote a second time against war? | {
"text": [
"1941"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} | When did she vote a [MASK] time against war? | [
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573424d74776f4190066194b | Montana | In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war. This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time. Other pacifists tended ... | What were conscientious objectors sent to Montana to do? | {
"text": [
"smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties."
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} | What were conscientious objectors sent to [MASK] to do? | [
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573425624776f41900661959 | Montana | Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authoriz... | About how many bison were in Montana in 1870? | {
"text": [
"over 13 million"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} | About how many bison were in [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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573425624776f4190066195a | Montana | Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authoriz... | In 1884 about how many bison remained? | {
"text": [
"about 325"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} | In [MASK] about how many bison remained? | [
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573425624776f4190066195b | Montana | Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authoriz... | Who pleaded to Congress for slaughtering bison? | {
"text": [
"General Philip Sheridan"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} | Who pleaded to [MASK] for slaughtering bison? | [
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573425624776f4190066195c | Montana | Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authoriz... | What year did General Sheridan approach Congress about killing bison? | {
"text": [
"1875"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} | What year did General [MASK] approach [MASK] about killing bison? | [
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573425f84776f41900661969 | Montana | Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 w... | When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the west? | {
"text": [
"1881"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} | When did [MASK] reach [MASK] from the west? | [
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573425f84776f4190066196b | Montana | Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 w... | What years were the railroad challenged by Chief Sitting Bull? | {
"text": [
"1871, 1872 and 1873"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} | What years were the railroad challenged by Chief Sitting Bull? | [
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573425f84776f4190066196c | Montana | Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 w... | What year was the Great White Sioux War? | {
"text": [
"1876"
],
"answer_start": [
572
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} | What year was [MASK]? | [
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573425f84776f4190066196d | Montana | Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 w... | When was the transcontinental National Pacific Railroad finished? | {
"text": [
"1883"
],
"answer_start": [
633
]
} | When was the transcontinental [MASK] finished? | [
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573426864776f4190066197d | Montana | Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta... | When was the first constitutional convention held in Montana? | {
"text": [
"1866"
],
"answer_start": [
89
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} | When was the [MASK] constitutional convention held in [MASK]? | [
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573426864776f4190066197e | Montana | Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta... | Why was this constitutional convention held? | {
"text": [
"bid for statehood"
],
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} | Why was this constitutional convention held? | [
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573426864776f4190066197f | Montana | Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta... | When was the second constitutional convention held? | {
"text": [
"1884"
],
"answer_start": [
261
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} | When was the [MASK] constitutional convention held? | [
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573426864776f41900661980 | Montana | Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta... | What year was Montana's statehood approved? | {
"text": [
"1889"
],
"answer_start": [
393
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} | What year was [MASK] 's statehood approved? | [
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573426864776f41900661981 | Montana | Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta... | What other three states were approved in the same year? | {
"text": [
"North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} | What other [MASK] states were approved in [MASK]? | [
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573426e6d058e614000b6a20 | Montana | The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The ... | What year did the Homestead Act provide land to settlers? | {
"text": [
"1862"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} | What year did [MASK] provide land to settlers? | [
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... |
573426e6d058e614000b6a21 | Montana | The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The ... | How much land did the Homestead Act allow? | {
"text": [
"160 acres"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} | How much land did [MASK] allow? | [
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573426e6d058e614000b6a22 | Montana | The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The ... | What year was the first homestead claim claimed? | {
"text": [
"1868"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} | What year was the [MASK] homestead claim claimed? | [
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57342785d058e614000b6a2e | Montana | The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought most... | When was the Desert Land Act passed? | {
"text": [
"1877"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} | When was [MASK] passed? | [
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57342785d058e614000b6a2f | Montana | The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought most... | How much land did the Desert Land Act allot? | {
"text": [
"640 acres"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} | How much land did [MASK] allot? | [
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... |
57342785d058e614000b6a30 | Montana | The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought most... | How much was the charge per acre at first? | {
"text": [
"$.25"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} | How much was the charge per acre at [MASK]? | [
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5734288c4776f419006619bf | Montana | In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U... | When did Congress pass the Espionage Act? | {
"text": [
"1917"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} | When did [MASK] pass [MASK]? | [
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5734288c4776f419006619c1 | Montana | In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U... | What were these acts make do to laws? | {
"text": [
"criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} | What were these acts make do to laws? | [
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5734288c4776f419006619c2 | Montana | In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U... | How many people were arrested from the Montana Act? | {
"text": [
"200"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} | How many people were arrested from [MASK]? | [
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5733ba844776f41900661146 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | Two bodies of the United Nations agreed with what restricted provision in defining genocide? | {
"text": [
"that biological-physical destruction was necessary"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} | [MASK] bodies of [MASK] agreed with what restricted provision in defining genocide? | [
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5733ba844776f41900661149 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | A definition of what, by the States, was necessary to preserve and expand genocidal law? | {
"text": [
"the type of group destruction"
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} | A definition of what, by the [MASK], was necessary to preserve and expand genocidal law? | [
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5733ba844776f41900661147 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | Which country's courts were noted by the ECHR for taking a wider stance on provisions of genocide laws? | {
"text": [
"Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} | Which country 's courts were noted by the [MASK] for taking a wider stance on provisions of genocide laws? | [
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5733ba844776f41900661148 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | The ECHR found most states to have largely undefined definitions of group destruction, despite what factor? | {
"text": [
"Convention States municipal laws"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} | The [MASK] found most states to have largely undefined definitions of group destruction, despite what factor? | [
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... |
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