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5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f59 | Dutch_Republic | In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and ... | What religious questions were forbidden under the union? | {
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5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f5a | Dutch_Republic | In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and ... | What did Calvinism state that everyone should be free to choose? | {
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5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f5b | Dutch_Republic | In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and ... | What group became the strong supporter in the republic? | {
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} | What group became the strong supporter in the republic? | [
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5a1cdddb4ea40d0018b06f61 | Dutch_Republic | During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on... | What did religious refugees have to conform to when holding public office? | {
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} | What did religious refugees have to conform to when holding public office? | [
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5a1cdddb4ea40d0018b06f62 | Dutch_Republic | During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on... | What were Reformed Church members considered as in the 17th century? | {
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5a1cdddb4ea40d0018b06f63 | Dutch_Republic | During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on... | What could religious refugees be fined when opening their homes to services? | {
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5a1cdddb4ea40d0018b06f64 | Dutch_Republic | During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on... | What factors led to immigration of religious refugees from Leiden? | {
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5a1cdddb4ea40d0018b06f65 | Dutch_Republic | During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on... | Who did most services put the focus on in the beginning? | {
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5a1ce09f4ea40d0018b06f6b | Dutch_Republic | In the first years of the Republic, controversy arose within the Reformed Church, mainly around the subject of predestination. This has become known as the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants. In 1618 the Synod of Dort tackled this issue, which led to the banning o... | When was there controversy within the Synod of Dort? | {
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5a1ce09f4ea40d0018b06f6c | Dutch_Republic | In the first years of the Republic, controversy arose within the Reformed Church, mainly around the subject of predestination. This has become known as the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants. In 1618 the Synod of Dort tackled this issue, which led to the banning o... | Where did controversy appear around banning of the Remonstrat faith? | {
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5a1ce09f4ea40d0018b06f6d | Dutch_Republic | In the first years of the Republic, controversy arose within the Reformed Church, mainly around the subject of predestination. This has become known as the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants. In 1618 the Synod of Dort tackled this issue, which led to the banning o... | What group lead to the banning of the subject of predestination? | {
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5a1ce09f4ea40d0018b06f6e | Dutch_Republic | In the first years of the Republic, controversy arose within the Reformed Church, mainly around the subject of predestination. This has become known as the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants. In 1618 the Synod of Dort tackled this issue, which led to the banning o... | What did disagreement about the Synod of Dort become known as? | {
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5a1ce09f4ea40d0018b06f6f | Dutch_Republic | In the first years of the Republic, controversy arose within the Reformed Church, mainly around the subject of predestination. This has become known as the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants. In 1618 the Synod of Dort tackled this issue, which led to the banning o... | In 1618 How did the Reformed Church help solve the controversy? | {
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5a1ce37a4ea40d0018b06f75 | Dutch_Republic | Beginning in the 18th century, the situation changed from more or less active persecution of religious services to a state of restricted toleration of other religions, as long as their services took place secretly in private churches. | When did persecution of religious services take place secretly in private churches? | {
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5a1ce37a4ea40d0018b06f76 | Dutch_Republic | Beginning in the 18th century, the situation changed from more or less active persecution of religious services to a state of restricted toleration of other religions, as long as their services took place secretly in private churches. | During what period did services move to a state of tolerance? | {
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5a1ce37a4ea40d0018b06f77 | Dutch_Republic | Beginning in the 18th century, the situation changed from more or less active persecution of religious services to a state of restricted toleration of other religions, as long as their services took place secretly in private churches. | What changed from religious services to private churches? | {
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5a1ce37a4ea40d0018b06f78 | Dutch_Republic | Beginning in the 18th century, the situation changed from more or less active persecution of religious services to a state of restricted toleration of other religions, as long as their services took place secretly in private churches. | What was actively persecuted when taking place in private churches? | {
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5a1ce37a4ea40d0018b06f79 | Dutch_Republic | Beginning in the 18th century, the situation changed from more or less active persecution of religious services to a state of restricted toleration of other religions, as long as their services took place secretly in private churches. | Where was active persecution taking place? | {
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5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c3 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | What nationality was Albert Bernhard Frank? | {
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5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c4 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | When did Heinrich Anton de Bary discover lichens? | {
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5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c5 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | When was the the word "symbiosis" discovered? | {
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5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c6 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | What year did Heinrich Anton de Bary become a mycologist? | {
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5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c7 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | What year did Albert Bernhard Frank agree to define "symbiosis" as "the living together of unlike organisms."? | {
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} | What year did [MASK] agree to define" symbiosis" as" the living together of unlike organisms."? | [
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5a7fcf048f0597001ac000d3 | Symbiosis | The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and eco... | How long did it take for scientists to discover symbiosis? | {
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5a7fcf048f0597001ac000d4 | Symbiosis | The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and eco... | How many scientists believe that symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms? | {
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5a7fcf048f0597001ac000d5 | Symbiosis | The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and eco... | What textbooks describe the parasitic relationships as the only way to define symbiosis? | {
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} | What textbooks describe the parasitic relationships as the only way to define symbiosis? | [
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5a7fcf048f0597001ac000d6 | Symbiosis | The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and eco... | What three words did de Bary use to define symbiosis? | {
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5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000db | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can survive without photosynthetic symbionts? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where [MASK] organisms can survive without photosynthetic symbionts? | [
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5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000dc | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What organism demonstrates only the facultative symbiotic relationship? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What organism demonstrates only the facultative symbiotic relationship? | [
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5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000dd | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What organism demonstrates only the obligate symbiotic relationship? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What organism demonstrates only the obligate symbiotic relationship? | [
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5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000de | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can survive without fungal symbionts? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where [MASK] organisms can survive without fungal symbionts? | [
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5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000df | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where many organisms must depend on photosynthetic symbionts? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where many organisms must depend on photosynthetic symbionts? | [
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5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e5 | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What organism lives in a state of both ectosymbiosis and endosymbiosis? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | What organism lives in a state of both ectosymbiosis and endosymbiosis? | [
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5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e6 | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What organism demonstrates disjunctive symbiosis? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What organism demonstrates disjunctive symbiosis? | [
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5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e7 | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What organism demonstrates conjunctive symbiosis? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What organism demonstrates conjunctive symbiosis? | [
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5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e8 | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What is it called when one symbiont lives within and has a bodily union with its partner? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is it called when [MASK] symbiont lives within and has a bodily union with its partner? | [
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5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e9 | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What is it when an organism was once in a state of conjunctive symbiosis and is now no longer in union? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is it when an organism was once in a state of conjunctive symbiosis and is now no longer in union? | [
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5a7fe2908f0597001ac000ef | Symbiosis | Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Frankia, w... | What percent of alder tree root nodules provide essential nutrients to insects? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What percent of alder tree root nodules provide essential nutrients to insects? | [
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5a7fe2908f0597001ac000f0 | Symbiosis | Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Frankia, w... | What organism includes diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and single-celled algae? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What organism includes diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and single-celled algae? | [
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5a7fe2908f0597001ac000f1 | Symbiosis | Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Frankia, w... | What percent of Frankia bacteria provide essential nutrients to insects? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What percent of Frankia bacteria provide essential nutrients to insects? | [
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5a7fe2908f0597001ac000f2 | Symbiosis | Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Frankia, w... | What are the bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects called? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are the bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to [MASK] of insects called? | [
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5a7fe2908f0597001ac000f3 | Symbiosis | Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Frankia, w... | What percent of rhizobia and nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in alder tree root nodules? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What percent of rhizobia and nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in alder tree root nodules? | [
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5a7fe6ae8f0597001ac000f9 | Symbiosis | Ectosymbiosis, also referred to as exosymbiosis, is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host, including the inner surface of the digestive tract or the ducts of exocrine glands. Examples of this include ectoparasites such as lice, commensal ectosymbionts such as the barnacl... | What mutualist ectosymbionts clean the barnacles that attach themselves to the jaw of baleen whales? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What mutualist ectosymbionts clean the barnacles that attach themselves to the jaw of baleen whales? | [
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5a7fe6ae8f0597001ac000fa | Symbiosis | Ectosymbiosis, also referred to as exosymbiosis, is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host, including the inner surface of the digestive tract or the ducts of exocrine glands. Examples of this include ectoparasites such as lice, commensal ectosymbionts such as the barnacl... | What ectoparasites are also considered commensal ectosymbionts and mutualist ectosymbionts? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What ectoparasites are also considered commensal ectosymbionts and mutualist ectosymbionts? | [
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5a7fe6ae8f0597001ac000fb | Symbiosis | Ectosymbiosis, also referred to as exosymbiosis, is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host, including the inner surface of the digestive tract or the ducts of exocrine glands. Examples of this include ectoparasites such as lice, commensal ectosymbionts such as the barnacl... | What is the name of the animal in which barnacles join to the jaw and inner surface of the digestive tract? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the name of the animal in which barnacles join to the jaw and inner surface of the digestive tract? | [
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5a7fe6ae8f0597001ac000fc | Symbiosis | Ectosymbiosis, also referred to as exosymbiosis, is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host, including the inner surface of the digestive tract or the ducts of exocrine glands. Examples of this include ectoparasites such as lice, commensal ectosymbionts such as the barnacl... | What ectoparasites live on the body surface of cleaner fish? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What ectoparasites live on the body surface of cleaner fish? | [
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5a7fee8c8f0597001ac00101 | Symbiosis | Mutualism or interspecies reciprocal altruism is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit. In general, only lifelong interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic. Mutualistic relationships may be either obligate for both... | What is a term for a relationship between individuals of the same species where both individuals benefit? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is a term for a relationship between individuals of the same species where both individuals benefit? | [
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5a7fee8c8f0597001ac00102 | Symbiosis | Mutualism or interspecies reciprocal altruism is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit. In general, only lifelong interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic. Mutualistic relationships may be either obligate for both... | Who restricts the definition of symbiosis to indicate both obligate and facultative concurrently? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who restricts the definition of symbiosis to indicate both obligate and facultative concurrently? | [
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5a7fee8c8f0597001ac00103 | Symbiosis | Mutualism or interspecies reciprocal altruism is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit. In general, only lifelong interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic. Mutualistic relationships may be either obligate for both... | What time span involving gradual biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What time span involving gradual biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic? | [
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5a7fee8c8f0597001ac00104 | Symbiosis | Mutualism or interspecies reciprocal altruism is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit. In general, only lifelong interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic. Mutualistic relationships may be either obligate for both... | What must interspecies reciprocal altruism be considered to fit the the definition of symbiosis? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What must interspecies reciprocal altruism be considered to fit the the definition of symbiosis? | [
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5a7fee8c8f0597001ac00105 | Symbiosis | Mutualism or interspecies reciprocal altruism is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit. In general, only lifelong interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic. Mutualistic relationships may be either obligate for both... | What mutualistic relationships fit the the definition of symbiosis? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What mutualistic relationships fit the the definition of symbiosis? | [
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5a7ff3698f0597001ac0010b | Symbiosis | A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organis... | What do herbivores have to digest animal prey? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What do herbivores have to digest animal prey? | [
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5a7ff3698f0597001ac0010c | Symbiosis | A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organis... | Where do the mycorrhyzal fungi go to after extracting water and minerals from the ground? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where do the mycorrhyzal fungi go to after extracting water and minerals from the ground? | [
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5a7ff3698f0597001ac0010d | Symbiosis | A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organis... | Where do the mycorrhyzal fungi go back to after extracting carbon from the air? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where do the mycorrhyzal fungi go back to after extracting carbon from the air? | [
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5a7ff3698f0597001ac0010e | Symbiosis | A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organis... | What organism has both cellulose-digesting protozoans and and mycorrhyzal fungi living in their intestines? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What organism has both cellulose-digesting protozoans and and mycorrhyzal fungi living in their intestines? | [
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5a7ff3698f0597001ac0010f | Symbiosis | A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organis... | What kind of fungi do coral reef depend on? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What kind of fungi do coral reef depend on? | [
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5a7ff6878f0597001ac00115 | Symbiosis | An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on th... | What kind of clownfish eat the Ritteri sea anemones? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What kind of clownfish eat the Ritteri sea anemones? | [
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5a7ff6878f0597001ac00116 | Symbiosis | An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on th... | What kind of sea anemone has special mucus to protect the clownfish? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What kind of sea anemone has special mucus to protect the clownfish? | [
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5a7ff6878f0597001ac00117 | Symbiosis | An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on th... | What organism do the clownfish use their stinging tentacles to protect? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What organism do the clownfish use their stinging tentacles to protect? | [
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5a7ff6878f0597001ac00118 | Symbiosis | An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on th... | What type of relationship do Ritteri sea anemones have with anemone-eating fish? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What type of relationship do Ritteri sea anemones have with anemone-eating fish? | [
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5a7ff6878f0597001ac00119 | Symbiosis | An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on th... | What do Ritteri sea anemones produce to evade predators? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What do Ritteri sea anemones produce to evade predators? | [
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5a7ffa9c8f0597001ac0011f | Symbiosis | A further example is the goby fish, which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger the goby fish touches the shrimp... | What organism digs a burrow in the sand then touches the goby fish with its tail? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What organism digs a burrow in the sand then touches the goby fish with its tail? | [
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5a7ffa9c8f0597001ac00120 | Symbiosis | A further example is the goby fish, which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger the goby fish touches the shrimp... | What is the species of goby that both lives with a shrimp and cleans up ectoparasites on other fish? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the species of goby that both lives with a shrimp and cleans up ectoparasites on other fish? | [
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5a7ffa9c8f0597001ac00121 | Symbiosis | A further example is the goby fish, which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger the goby fish touches the shrimp... | What behavior does the goby exhibit when it does not live with the shrimp? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What behavior does the goby exhibit when it does not live with the shrimp? | [
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5a7ffa9c8f0597001ac00122 | Symbiosis | A further example is the goby fish, which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger the goby fish touches the shrimp... | What behavior does the shrimp exhibit when it does not live with the goby? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What behavior does the shrimp exhibit when it does not live with the goby? | [
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5a7ffa9c8f0597001ac00123 | Symbiosis | A further example is the goby fish, which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger the goby fish touches the shrimp... | When a goby fish goes blind what does it become vulnerable to? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When a goby fish goes blind what does it become vulnerable to? | [
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5a7ffd938f0597001ac00129 | Symbiosis | Another non-obligate symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs that live in a close relationship. The bryozoan colony (Acanthodesia commensale) develops a cirumrotatory growth and offers the crab (Pseudopagurus granulimanus) a helicospiral-tubular extension of its living chamber that initially was s... | What species of crab has a helicospiral-tubular extension of its living chamber? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What species of crab has a helicospiral-tubular extension of its living chamber? | [
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5a7ffd938f0597001ac0012a | Symbiosis | Another non-obligate symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs that live in a close relationship. The bryozoan colony (Acanthodesia commensale) develops a cirumrotatory growth and offers the crab (Pseudopagurus granulimanus) a helicospiral-tubular extension of its living chamber that initially was s... | What species of crab develops a cirumrotatory growth? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What species of crab develops a cirumrotatory growth? | [
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5a7ffd938f0597001ac0012b | Symbiosis | Another non-obligate symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs that live in a close relationship. The bryozoan colony (Acanthodesia commensale) develops a cirumrotatory growth and offers the crab (Pseudopagurus granulimanus) a helicospiral-tubular extension of its living chamber that initially was s... | What relationship is it considered when the bryozoans and hermit crabs do not live in a close relationship? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What relationship is it considered when the bryozoans and hermit crabs do not live in a close relationship? | [
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5a7ffd938f0597001ac0012c | Symbiosis | Another non-obligate symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs that live in a close relationship. The bryozoan colony (Acanthodesia commensale) develops a cirumrotatory growth and offers the crab (Pseudopagurus granulimanus) a helicospiral-tubular extension of its living chamber that initially was s... | Where is the cirumrotatory growth in the crab located? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where is the cirumrotatory growth in the crab located? | [
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5a7fffd58f0597001ac00131 | Symbiosis | One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, w... | From where do the host obtain the hydrogen sulfide or methane? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | From where do the host obtain the hydrogen sulfide or methane? | [
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5a7fffd58f0597001ac00132 | Symbiosis | One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, w... | When were the Galapagos Islands discovered? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When were [MASK] discovered? | [
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5a7fffd58f0597001ac00133 | Symbiosis | One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, w... | What is the relationship between the siboglinid tube worms and the hydrothermal vents? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the relationship between the siboglinid tube worms and the hydrothermal vents? | [
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5a7fffd58f0597001ac00134 | Symbiosis | One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, w... | When were the symbiotic bacteria discovered? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When were the symbiotic bacteria discovered? | [
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5a7fffd58f0597001ac00135 | Symbiosis | One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, w... | Where does the symbiotic bacteria get nutrition from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where does the symbiotic bacteria get nutrition from? | [
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5a8002878f0597001ac0013b | Symbiosis | During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing popu... | From where does the endosymbiont gain nutrition? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | From where does the endosymbiont gain nutrition? | [
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5a8002878f0597001ac0013c | Symbiosis | During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing popu... | Who offers a location for the host cell to vertically transmit nutrition? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who offers a location for the host cell to vertically transmit nutrition? | [
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5a8002878f0597001ac0013d | Symbiosis | During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing popu... | When the offspring passes the genetic changes via vertical transmission what does the host cell obtain? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When the offspring passes the genetic changes via vertical transmission what does the host cell obtain? | [
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5a8002878f0597001ac0013e | Symbiosis | During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing popu... | When the the host favors the endosymbiont's growth process what takes place? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When the the host favors the endosymbiont's growth process what takes place? | [
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5a8002878f0597001ac0013f | Symbiosis | During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing popu... | Where can the specialized cells be found? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where can the specialized cells be found? | [
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5a8008cf8f0597001ac0014f | Symbiosis | Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal used of human social interaction. The word derives from the medieval Latin word, formed from com- and mensa, meaning "sharing a table". | What type of symbiotic relationship happens when there is a major affect on the other organism? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What type of symbiotic relationship happens when there is a major affect on the other organism? | [
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5a8008cf8f0597001ac00150 | Symbiosis | Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal used of human social interaction. The word derives from the medieval Latin word, formed from com- and mensa, meaning "sharing a table". | What takes place when the organisms are neither significantly harmed or helped? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What takes place when the organisms are neither significantly harmed or helped? | [
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5a8008cf8f0597001ac00151 | Symbiosis | Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal used of human social interaction. The word derives from the medieval Latin word, formed from com- and mensa, meaning "sharing a table". | Commensalism explains a relationship between how many organisms when one gains most of the benefits? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Commensalism explains a relationship between how many organisms when one gains most of the benefits? | [
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... |
5a8008cf8f0597001ac00152 | Symbiosis | Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal used of human social interaction. The word derives from the medieval Latin word, formed from com- and mensa, meaning "sharing a table". | What word is derived from the medieval English word? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What word is derived from the medieval [MASK] word? | [
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5a8008cf8f0597001ac00153 | Symbiosis | Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal used of human social interaction. The word derives from the medieval Latin word, formed from com- and mensa, meaning "sharing a table". | Who is actually sharing a table? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who is actually sharing a table? | [
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5a800af88f0597001ac00159 | Symbiosis | Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis). Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies and spiders ... | Where do the spiders build their webs on the hermit crabs? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where do the spiders build their webs on the hermit crabs? | [
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5a800af88f0597001ac0015a | Symbiosis | Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis). Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies and spiders ... | What is the term for a relationship where one organism refuses to provide a dwelling for the other? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the term for a relationship where [MASK] organism refuses to provide a dwelling for the other? | [
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5a800af88f0597001ac0015b | Symbiosis | Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis). Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies and spiders ... | What occurs when the spider utilizes phoresy with the hermit crab? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What occurs when the spider utilizes phoresy with the hermit crab? | [
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5a800af88f0597001ac0015c | Symbiosis | Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis). Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies and spiders ... | What can commensal relationships between plants and hermit crabs be considered? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What can commensal relationships between plants and hermit crabs be considered? | [
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5a800af88f0597001ac0015d | Symbiosis | Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis). Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies and spiders ... | When one organism gives away something another created what is it called? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When [MASK] organism gives away something another created what is it called? | [
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5a800d438f0597001ac00163 | Symbiosis | A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasi... | What is the relationship termed if both organisms benefit? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the relationship termed if both organisms benefit? | [
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5a800d438f0597001ac00164 | Symbiosis | A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasi... | What relationship happens after a biotrophic relationship occurs from a tick feeding on the blood of its host? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What relationship happens after a biotrophic relationship occurs from a tick feeding on the blood of its host? | [
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0.... |
5a800d438f0597001ac00165 | Symbiosis | A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasi... | When both organisms benefit in an antipathetic symbiosis it is known as a? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When both organisms benefit in an antipathetic symbiosis it is known as a? | [
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5a800d438f0597001ac00166 | Symbiosis | A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasi... | What is an extremely unsuccessful mode of life? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is an extremely unsuccessful mode of life? | [
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5a800d438f0597001ac00167 | Symbiosis | A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasi... | How many fungi have at least one parasitic phase in their life cycles? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How many fungi have [MASK] parasitic phase in their life cycles? | [
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5a8012f38f0597001ac00177 | Symbiosis | Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from bei... | What happens if a weevil eats from an ibex? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What happens if a weevil eats from an [MASK]? | [
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5a8012f38f0597001ac00178 | Symbiosis | Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from bei... | What happens when the grass causes damage to an animal's hoof? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What happens when the grass causes damage to an animal's hoof? | [
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5a8012f38f0597001ac00179 | Symbiosis | Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from bei... | What ethnicity are the ibex and the weevils? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What ethnicity are the [MASK] and the [MASK]? | [
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5a8012f38f0597001ac0017a | Symbiosis | Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from bei... | What is altered if the presence of ibex has little detrimental effect on the number of weevil? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is altered if the presence of [MASK] has little detrimental effect on the number of weevil? | [
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5a8012f38f0597001ac0017b | Symbiosis | Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from bei... | What genus are the Spanish ibex? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What genus are the [MASK] ibex? | [
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-... |
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