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5a1c8751b4fb5d001871465f | Dutch_Republic | Until the 16th century, the Low Countries – corresponding roughly to the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg – consisted of a number of duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics, almost all of which were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire, with the exception of the county of Flanders, which was un... | What did the Low Countries under the Kingdom of France consist of? | {
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} | What did [MASK] under [MASK] consist of? | [
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5a1c8751b4fb5d0018714660 | Dutch_Republic | Until the 16th century, the Low Countries – corresponding roughly to the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg – consisted of a number of duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics, almost all of which were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire, with the exception of the county of Flanders, which was un... | What county was under the Holy Roman Empire? | {
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5a1c8751b4fb5d0018714661 | Dutch_Republic | Until the 16th century, the Low Countries – corresponding roughly to the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg – consisted of a number of duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics, almost all of which were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire, with the exception of the county of Flanders, which was un... | Until what century was the county of Flanders part of the Low Countries? | {
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} | Until what century was the county of [MASK] part of [MASK]? | [
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5a1c8751b4fb5d0018714662 | Dutch_Republic | Until the 16th century, the Low Countries – corresponding roughly to the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg – consisted of a number of duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics, almost all of which were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire, with the exception of the county of Flanders, which was un... | Name one type of government the county of Flanders had when under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire? | {
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} | Name [MASK] type of government the county of [MASK] had when under the rule of [MASK]? | [
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5a11c08c06e79900185c3547 | Dutch_Republic | Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Neth... | The low countries ruled most of what two houses? | {
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5a11c08c06e79900185c3548 | Dutch_Republic | Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Neth... | What did Charles V block in 1549? | {
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5a11c08c06e79900185c3549 | Dutch_Republic | Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Neth... | What further fragment of the seventeen provinces? | {
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5a11c08c06e79900185c354a | Dutch_Republic | Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Neth... | When did Philip II conquer the Netherlands? | {
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} | When did [MASK] conquer the [MASK]? | [
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5a11c08c06e79900185c354b | Dutch_Republic | Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Neth... | What war ended with a revolt led by William I | {
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5a1c89fcb4fb5d001871468c | Dutch_Republic | Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Neth... | When did the House of Burgundy issue the Pragmatic Sanction? | {
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} | When did [MASK] issue [MASK]? | [
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5a1c89fcb4fb5d001871468d | Dutch_Republic | Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Neth... | What did modernizing the government structures do to the Low Countries status? | {
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} | What did modernizing the government structures do to the Low Countries status? | [
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5a1c89fcb4fb5d001871468e | Dutch_Republic | Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Neth... | When did the House of Burgundy revolt against Philip II? | {
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} | When did [MASK] revolt against [MASK]? | [
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5a1c89fcb4fb5d001871468f | Dutch_Republic | Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Neth... | Name two reasons why the Low Countries turned against Philip II? | {
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} | Name [MASK] reasons why [MASK] turned against [MASK]? | [
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5a1c89fcb4fb5d0018714690 | Dutch_Republic | Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Neth... | What event started after the revolt let by King Philip II of Spain? | {
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} | What event started after the revolt let by King [MASK] of [MASK]? | [
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5a11c1fe06e79900185c3551 | Dutch_Republic | In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II. | In what year did the provinces of the low countries sign the Union of Utrecht? | {
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} | In what year did the provinces of the low countries sign [MASK]? | [
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5a11c1fe06e79900185c3552 | Dutch_Republic | In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II. | Who promised to help each other attack the Spanish army? | {
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} | Who promised to help each other attack the [MASK] army? | [
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5a11c1fe06e79900185c3553 | Dutch_Republic | In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II. | Who declared their independence from Philip II in 1579? | {
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} | Who declared their independence from [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5a11c1fe06e79900185c3554 | Dutch_Republic | In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II. | Who did the Union of Utrecht declare independence from? | {
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} | Who did [MASK] declare independence from? | [
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5a11c1fe06e79900185c3555 | Dutch_Republic | In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II. | Who did the provinces promise to support with the Act of Abjuration? | {
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} | Who did the provinces promise to support with [MASK]? | [
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5a1cb8fe4ea40d0018b06ecb | Dutch_Republic | In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II. | In 1581 who signed the Union of Utrecht? | {
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} | In [MASK] who signed [MASK]? | [
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5a1cb8fe4ea40d0018b06ecc | Dutch_Republic | In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II. | What was the name of the declaration of independence from the Low Countries? | {
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} | What was the name of the declaration of independence from [MASK]? | [
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5a1cb8fe4ea40d0018b06ecd | Dutch_Republic | In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II. | What did Low Country provinces sign promising to support each other against Philip II? | {
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} | What did [MASK] provinces sign promising to support each other against [MASK]? | [
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5a1cb8fe4ea40d0018b06ece | Dutch_Republic | In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II. | During what year was the declaration of independence from the Spanish signed? | {
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} | During what year was the declaration of independence from the [MASK] signed? | [
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5a1cb8fe4ea40d0018b06ecf | Dutch_Republic | In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II. | Who promised to support each other while defending against Philip II? | {
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} | Who promised to support each other while defending against [MASK]? | [
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5a11c35a06e79900185c355b | Dutch_Republic | In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, ... | In what year did the Duke of Anjou conquered the United provinces? | {
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} | In what year did the Duke of Anjou conquered the [MASK] provinces? | [
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5a11c35a06e79900185c355c | Dutch_Republic | In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, ... | Who talk Antwerp in 1583? | {
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} | Who talk [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5a11c35a06e79900185c355d | Dutch_Republic | In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, ... | What two rulers fought over the provinces after the assassination of William of Orange? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | What [MASK] rulers fought over the provinces after the assassination of [MASK]? | [
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5a11c35a06e79900185c355e | Dutch_Republic | In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, ... | What treaty gave England sovereignty over the United provinces? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | What treaty gave [MASK] sovereignty over the [MASK] provinces? | [
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5a11c35a06e79900185c355f | Dutch_Republic | In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, ... | In what year did the Spanish Empire stopped recognizing the Republic of the Seven United Provinces? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | In what year did [MASK] stopped recognizing [MASK]? | [
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5a1cba7b4ea40d0018b06ed6 | Dutch_Republic | In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, ... | When did Henry III leave the Netherlands? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | When did [MASK] leave the [MASK]? | [
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5a1cba7b4ea40d0018b06ed7 | Dutch_Republic | In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, ... | When did the Duke of Anjou decline an offer of soverignty? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When did the Duke of [MASK] decline an offer of soverignty? | [
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5a1cba7b4ea40d0018b06ed8 | Dutch_Republic | In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, ... | Who was sent as governer-general to the Spanish Empire? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | Who was sent as governer- general to [MASK]? | [
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5a1cba7b4ea40d0018b06ed9 | Dutch_Republic | In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, ... | What did Henry III do with the United Provinces after William of Orange was assassinated? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What did [MASK] do with [MASK] after [MASK] was assassinated? | [
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5a11e57f6614be00188f247d | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | What republic began with a series of republican revolutions? | {
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} | What republic began with a series of republican revolutions? | [
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5a11e57f6614be00188f247e | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | What did the Batavian Republic take part in from 1783 to 1795? | {
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} | What did [MASK] take part in from 1783 to 1795? | [
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5a11e57f6614be00188f247f | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | During what period did Republican forces loose several major cities of the Netherlands? | {
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} | During what period did [MASK] forces loose several major cities of the [MASK]? | [
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5a11e57f6614be00188f2480 | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | What Republic replaced the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland? | {
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} | What Republic replaced [MASK]? | [
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5a11e57f6614be00188f2481 | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | Who fled from France to the Netherlands? | {
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} | Who fled from [MASK] to the [MASK]? | [
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5a1cbbb84ea40d0018b06edf | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | What happened that led to the creation of the French Republic? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What happened that led to the creation of [MASK]? | [
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5a1cbbb84ea40d0018b06ee0 | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | Who came back to retake the Batavian Republic? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | Who came back to retake [MASK]? | [
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5a1cbbb84ea40d0018b06ee1 | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | Where did the Prussian forces flee to? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where did the [MASK] forces flee to? | [
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5a1cbbb84ea40d0018b06ee2 | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | What did the French Republic become under the British? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What did [MASK] become under the [MASK]? | [
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5a1cbbb84ea40d0018b06ee3 | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | What Kingdom replaced the monarchist forces under Napoleon? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What [MASK] replaced the monarchist forces under [MASK]? | [
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5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06ee9 | Dutch_Republic | The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands... | When did Belgium regain independence from France? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When did [MASK] regain independence from [MASK]? | [
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5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06eea | Dutch_Republic | The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands... | What names were Luxembourg known by in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What names were [MASK] known by in [MASK]? | [
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5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06eeb | Dutch_Republic | The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands... | What kingdom created a buffer state north of Belgium? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What kingdom created a buffer state north of [MASK]? | [
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5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06eec | Dutch_Republic | The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands... | What happened to the Kingdom of the United Netherlands after France became independent? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What happened to [MASK] after [MASK] became independent? | [
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5a1cbde04ea40d0018b06eed | Dutch_Republic | The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands... | What did the Southern provinces treaty accomplish for the Netherlands? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What did the Southern provinces treaty accomplish for the [MASK]? | [
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5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef3 | Dutch_Republic | During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world. | When did the country of Holland dominate world trade? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When did the country of [MASK] dominate world trade? | [
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5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef4 | Dutch_Republic | During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world. | What was the status of the Dutch Golden Age compared to the world? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was the status of the [MASK] Golden Age compared to the world? | [
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5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef5 | Dutch_Republic | During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world. | During the 17th century what did Holland conquer? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | During [MASK] what did [MASK] conquer? | [
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5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef6 | Dutch_Republic | During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world. | What kind of fleet did Holland have in the 17th century? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What kind of fleet did [MASK] have in [MASK]? | [
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5a1cbf334ea40d0018b06ef7 | Dutch_Republic | During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world. | What trade fleet was the wealthiest and most urbanized? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What trade fleet was the wealthiest and most urbanized? | [
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5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06efd | Dutch_Republic | The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the wo... | When was the oldest stock exchange founded in England? | {
"text": [],
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} | When was the oldest stock exchange founded in [MASK]? | [
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5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06efe | Dutch_Republic | The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the wo... | What court founded the stock exchange in the Netherlands? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | What court founded the stock exchange in the [MASK]? | [
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5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06eff | Dutch_Republic | The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the wo... | Where did the spirit of the time evolve? | {
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} | Where did the spirit of the time evolve? | [
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5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06f00 | Dutch_Republic | The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the wo... | Who adopted the modern trading principles that stimulated their economy? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | Who adopted the modern trading principles that stimulated their economy? | [
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5a1cc1574ea40d0018b06f01 | Dutch_Republic | The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the wo... | How many cities did the Low Countries inhabit? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | How many cities did [MASK] inhabit? | [
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5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f07 | Dutch_Republic | Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific. | From what location did the Portugese operate a slave trade? | {
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} | From what location did the [MASK] operate a slave trade? | [
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5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f08 | Dutch_Republic | Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific. | When did the Portugese have a strong and fast navy? | {
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} | When did the [MASK] have a strong and fast navy? | [
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5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f09 | Dutch_Republic | Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific. | What was broken by Africa on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient? | {
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} | What was broken by [MASK] on [MASK] and in the [MASK]? | [
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5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f0a | Dutch_Republic | Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific. | Where was the Dutch navy located? | {
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} | Where was the [MASK] navy located? | [
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5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f0b | Dutch_Republic | Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific. | During what time period did Africa break Portugese influence? | {
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} | During what time period did [MASK] break [MASK] influence? | [
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5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f11 | Dutch_Republic | The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consiste... | In what order was The Hague arranged? | {
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} | In what order was [MASK] arranged? | [
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5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f12 | Dutch_Republic | The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consiste... | What was a confederation of the federal government? | {
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} | What was a confederation of the federal government? | [
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5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f13 | Dutch_Republic | The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consiste... | How many governments did the Dutch Republic consist of? | {
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} | How many governments did [MASK] consist of? | [
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5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f14 | Dutch_Republic | The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consiste... | What was the feudal order made up of? | {
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} | What was the feudal order made up of? | [
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5a1cc6414ea40d0018b06f15 | Dutch_Republic | The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consiste... | Where was the federal government seated? | {
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} | Where was the federal government seated? | [
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5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1b | Dutch_Republic | In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) w... | What was the State General exempt from? | {
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} | What was the State General exempt from? | [
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5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1c | Dutch_Republic | In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) w... | What was the stateholder denied by its tax exemption? | {
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} | What was the stateholder denied by its tax exemption? | [
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5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1d | Dutch_Republic | In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) w... | What was each raadspensionaris governed by? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was each raadspensionaris governed by? | [
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5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1e | Dutch_Republic | In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) w... | In wartime, what type of power did the County of Drenthe have? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | In wartime, what type of power did [MASK] have? | [
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5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1f | Dutch_Republic | In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) w... | Who commanded the representation in the States General? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who commanded the representation in the States General? | [
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5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f25 | Dutch_Republic | In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadthol... | What are two things that define the princes in theory? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are [MASK] things that define the princes in theory? | [
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5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f26 | Dutch_Republic | In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadthol... | Who appointed the princes of Orange? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who appointed the princes of [MASK]? | [
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5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f27 | Dutch_Republic | In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadthol... | Who had the same princes as Holland? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who had the same princes as [MASK]? | [
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5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f28 | Dutch_Republic | In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadthol... | Who was subordinate to Zeeland and Utrecht? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who was subordinate to [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f29 | Dutch_Republic | In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadthol... | What were Zeeland and Utrecht always chosen as? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What were [MASK] and [MASK] always chosen as? | [
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5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f2f | Dutch_Republic | There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure. | What did the Orangists want to replace in the power struggle? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What did the [MASK] want to replace in the power struggle? | [
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5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f30 | Dutch_Republic | There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure. | What conflict was there between the stadtholders and the Orangists? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What conflict was there between the stadtholders and the [MASK]? | [
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5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f31 | Dutch_Republic | There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure. | What currently used system of governance did the Republicans want to protect? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What currently used system of governance did the [MASK] want to protect? | [
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... |
5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f32 | Dutch_Republic | There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure. | What did the stadtholders hope to replace the current system with? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What did the stadtholders hope to replace the current system with? | [
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5a1ccdcf4ea40d0018b06f33 | Dutch_Republic | There was a constant power struggle between the Orangists, who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange, and the Republicans, who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure. | What was the nature of the true republican structure? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was the nature of the true [MASK] structure? | [
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... |
5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f39 | Dutch_Republic | After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre ... | In 1715 what was assigned to the United Provinces? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In [MASK] what was assigned to [MASK]? | [
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... |
5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f3a | Dutch_Republic | After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre ... | What was the Maastricht assigned to the United Provinces known as? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was the [MASK] assigned to [MASK] known as? | [
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0.0... |
5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f3b | Dutch_Republic | After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre ... | What is one name of a Staats-Brabant assigned to the United Provinces? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is [MASK] name of [MASK] assigned to [MASK]? | [
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0.... |
5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f3c | Dutch_Republic | After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre ... | When were several border territories assigned to the Staats-Oppergelre? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When were several border territories assigned to [MASK]? | [
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... |
5a1ccfae4ea40d0018b06f3d | Dutch_Republic | After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre ... | What was federally-governed Maastricht? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was federally- governed [MASK]? | [
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5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f43 | Dutch_Republic | The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland. | What companies were the shipping expedition in control of? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What companies were the shipping expedition in control of? | [
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0.031... |
5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f44 | Dutch_Republic | The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland. | What group was in control of Holland and Zeeland? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What group was in control of [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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-0.03567374497652054... |
5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f45 | Dutch_Republic | The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland. | What did the VOC and WIC initiate? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What did the [MASK] and [MASK] initiate? | [
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5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f46 | Dutch_Republic | The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland. | What were Holland and Zeeland in control of? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What were [MASK] and [MASK] in control of? | [
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... |
5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f47 | Dutch_Republic | The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland. | What endeavor was started by the VOC and the WIC? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What endeavor was started by the [MASK] and the [MASK]? | [
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5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f4d | Dutch_Republic | The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; disco... | Who was influenced by the Act of Abjuration? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who was influenced by [MASK]? | [
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5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f4e | Dutch_Republic | The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; disco... | What shows the framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Dutch confederacy? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What shows the framers of [MASK] were influenced by the [MASK] confederacy? | [
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5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f4f | Dutch_Republic | The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; disco... | What is one trait James Madison mentions the United Provinces show? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is [MASK] trait [MASK] mentions [MASK] show? | [
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... |
5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f50 | Dutch_Republic | The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; disco... | What is similar to the Federalist No. 20? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is similar to [MASK] 20? | [
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5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f51 | Dutch_Republic | The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; disco... | What type of influence did peculiar calamities of war have on the framers of the US constitution? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What type of influence did peculiar calamities of war have on the framers of the [MASK] constitution? | [
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5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f57 | Dutch_Republic | In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and ... | When was every other province only permitted to accept Calvinism in practice? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When was every other province only permitted to accept Calvinism in practice? | [
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5a1cd75a4ea40d0018b06f58 | Dutch_Republic | In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and ... | How did William of Orange hope to unite Holland and Zeeland? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How did William of Orange hope to unite [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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... |
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