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In fluid dynamics, a stagnation point flow refers to a fluid flow in the neighbourhood of a stagnation point (in three-dimensional flows) or a stagnation line (in two-dimensional flows) with which the stagnation point/line refers to a point/line where the velocity is zero in the inviscid approximation. The flow specifi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The untranslated region is seen in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, although the length and composition may vary. In prokaryotes, the 5 UTR is typically between 3 and 10 nucleotides long. In eukaryotes, the 5 UTR can be hundreds to thousands of nucleotides long. This is consistent with the higher complexity of the genomes o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Actinic light was first commonly used in early photography to distinguish light that would expose the monochrome films from light that would not. A non-actinic safe-light (e.g., red or amber) could be used in a darkroom without risk of exposing (fogging) light-sensitive films, plates or papers.
Early "non colour-sensit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Along with dissolved organic matter, POM drives the lower aquatic food web by providing energy in the form of carbohydrates, sugars, and other polymers that can be degraded. POM in water bodies is derived from terrestrial inputs (e.g. soil organic matter, leaf litterfall), submerged or floating aquatic vegetation, or ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cleavable detergents, also known as cleavable surfactants, are special surfactants (detergents) that are used in biochemistry and especially in proteomics to enhance protein denaturation and solubility. The detergent is rendered inactive by cleavage, usually under acidic conditions, in order to make the sample compatib... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Between 1998 and 2013, research conducted at BATS has generated over 450 peer-reviewed articles. Among the findings are measurements showing the gradual acidification of the surface ocean, where surface water pH, carbonate ion concentration, and the saturation state for calcium carbonate minerals, such as aragonite, h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NanoProfessionals have alternate molecular structures for the top of the head, and possibly include a hat. Most can be synthesized from the NanoKid by an acetal exchange reaction with the desired 1,2- or 1,3- diol, using p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst and heated by microwave irradiation for a few minutes. The ultim... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Archiv der Pharmazie (German pronunciation: [ˈ arˈçiːf ˈdeːɐ̯ farmaˈtsiː], English: Archive of Pharmacy) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of chemistry in the life sciences. The journal was established in 1822 and is published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of the Deutsche Pharmazeutische G... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For more than 20 years, microRNAs have been known to act in the cytoplasm to degrade transcriptional expression of specific target gene messenger RNAs (see microRNA history). However, recently, Gagnon et al. showed that as many as 75% of microRNAs may be shuttled back into the nucleus of cells. Some nuclear microRNAs... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The angular compensation of thermal expansion requires at least two, and for full compensation even three, angular expansion joints. Angular expansion joints offer a wide variety of combination options in so-called two-hinge or three-hinge systems.
Single-plane three-hinged systems make do with one-sided angularly flex... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Slip bands or stretcher-strain marks are localized bands of plastic deformation in metals experiencing stresses. Formation of slip bands indicates a concentrated unidirectional slip on certain planes causing a stress concentration. Typically, slip bands induce surface steps (e.g., roughness due persistent slip bands du... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The compound is highly reactive and pyrophoric, self-igniting in air. The lack of reactivity studies may be in part sourced from its very low solubility in organic solvents. However, it may be able to find use as a specialized source of reactive low-valent iron.
Computational studies have estimated COT dissociation fro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The muscle-type nicotinic receptor is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor consisting of the subunit combination (α1)β1δε (adult receptor) or (α1)β1δγ (fetal receptor). These receptors are found in neuromuscular junctions, where activation leads to an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), mainly by increased ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, the Myers deoxygenation reaction is an organic redox reaction that reduces an alcohol into an alkyl position by way of an arenesulfonylhydrazine as a key intermediate. This name reaction is one of four discovered by Andrew Myers that are named after him; this reaction and the Myers allene synthesi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recrystallization kinetics are commonly observed to follow the profile shown. There is an initial nucleation period t where the nuclei form, and then begin to grow at a constant rate consuming the deformed matrix. Although the process does not strictly follow classical nucleation theory it is often found that such math... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tephrochronology is a geochronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephra—volcanic ash from a single eruption—to create a chronological framework in which paleoenvironmental or archaeological records can be placed. Such an established event provides a "tephra horizon". The premise of the techniqu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor which in humans is encoded by the STAT3 gene. It is a member of the STAT protein family. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tuanku Zara Salim (Jawi: توانكو زارا سليم; born Zara Salim Davidson; 22 March 1973) is the Raja Permaisuri (Queen consort) of Perak as the wife of Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah, the current Sultan of Perak.
A chemical engineer by training, she was heading an oil and gas consultancy firm based in Kuala Lumpur before her... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The presence of Anti-SSA/Ro in pregnant women with SLE is associated with an increased risk of neonatal lupus erythematosus which can be accompanied by congenital heart block (CHB) in the fetus. SLE-related symptoms in infants that arise from Anti-Ro/SSA resolve in about six months as the mothers antibodies leave the b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Evaporation
* Sublimation
* Cracking of alkanes
* Thermal decomposition
* Hydrolysis
* Nucleosynthesis of elements heavier than nickel in stellar cores
* High-energy neutrons can produce tritium from lithium-7 in an endothermic process, consuming 2.466 MeV. This was discovered when the 1954 Castle Bravo nuclear test ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For small-scale hydrogen production, RO is sometimes used to prevent formation of mineral deposits on the surface of electrodes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Contamination is the presence of a constituent, impurity, or some other undesirable element that renders something unsuitable, unfit or harmful for both physical body, natural environment, workplace, etc. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycosyltransferases can be segregated into "retaining" or "inverting" enzymes according to whether the stereochemistry of the donor's anomeric bond is retained (α→α) or inverted (α→β) during the transfer. The inverting mechanism is straightforward, requiring a single nucleophilic attack from the accepting atom to inv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Receptor theory is the application of receptor models to explain drug behavior. Pharmacological receptor models preceded accurate knowledge of receptors by many years. John Newport Langley and Paul Ehrlich introduced the concept that receptors can mediate drug action at the beginning of the 20th century. Alfred Joseph ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Archaeologist George Eogan, in his study of Bronze Age gold-working, noted that very few Bronze Age gold artefacts had been discovered through "controlled archaeological investigation", with the majority instead having been unearthed "by chance", as a result of "agricultural activities or peat-cutting". In the 21st c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although usually purchased, BMS can be prepared by absorbing diborane into dimethyl sulfide:
It can be purified by bulb to bulb vacuum transfer. Although a structure of BMS has not been determined crystallographically, (pentafluorophenyl)-borane dimethylsulfide (), has been examined by X-ray crystallography. The boron... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Intravesical drug administration is the delivery of pharmaceuticals to the urinary bladder through a catheter. This route of administration is used for the therapy of bladder cancer and interstitial cystitis. The retention of dosage forms in the bladder is relatively poor, which is related to the need for a periodical ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Common to all LOV proteins is the blue-light sensitive flavin chromophore, which in the signaling state is covalently linked to the protein core via an adjacent cysteine residue. LOV domains are e.g. encountered in phototropins, which are blue-light-sensitive protein complexes regulating a great diversity of biological... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thomas Kurtzman is an American physical chemist most notable for his research into the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to improve pharmaceutical design. According to Bioworld, Kurtzmans research "reached the devastating conclusion that the entirety" of apparent deep learning produced over the course of seve... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For flow in a pipe or tube, the Reynolds number is generally defined as
where
* is the hydraulic diameter of the pipe (the inside diameter if the pipe is circular) (m),
* is the volumetric flow rate (m/s),
* is the pipes cross-sectional' area () (m),
* is the mean velocity of the fluid (m/s),
* (mu) is the dynamic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The crossed molecular beam technique was developed by Dudley Herschbach and Yuan T. Lee, for which they were awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. While the technique was demonstrated in 1953 by Taylor and Datz of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Herschbach and Lee refined the apparatus and began probing gas-phase ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
was a Japanese organic chemist. One of the most prolific chemists of the 20th century in the field of organic synthesis, Mukaiyama helped establish the field of organic chemistry in Japan after World War II. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the short range of absorption and inability to penetrate the outer layers of skin, alpha particles are not, in general, dangerous to life unless the source is ingested or inhaled. Because of this high mass and strong absorption, if alpha-emitting radionuclides do enter the body (upon being inhaled, ingested, or ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
:See Immobilized enzyme for more information.
There are several reasons for immobilizing an enzyme. In addition to more convenient handling of the enzyme, it provides for its facile separation from the product, thereby minimizing or eliminating protein contamination of the product. Immobilization also facilitates the e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hand boilers date back at least as early as 1767, when the American polymath Benjamin Franklin encountered them in Germany. He developed an improved version in 1768, after which they were called Franklins pulse glass or palm glass or pulse hammer (German: Pulshammer) or water hammer (German: Wasserhammer'). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are two simple regular lattices that achieve this highest average density. They are called face-centered cubic (FCC) (also called cubic close packed) and hexagonal close-packed (HCP), based on their symmetry. Both are based upon sheets of spheres arranged at the vertices of a triangular tiling; they differ in how... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Imaging cleared tissues generates massive volumes of complex data, which requires powerful computational hardware and software to store, process, analyze, and visualize. A single mouse brain can generate terabytes of data. Both commercial and open-source software exists to address this need, some of it adapted from sol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A growing body of research evidence is challenging the perception that sustainable buildings are significantly more costly to design and build than those that simply adhere to regulatory requirements. Research by the Sweett Group into projects using BREEAM, for example, demonstrates that sustainable options often add l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfilimine bonds stabilize collagen IV strands found in the extracellular matrix and arose at least 500 mya. These bonds covalently connect hydroxylysine and methionine residues of adjacent polypeptide strands to form a larger collagen trimer. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Complex III (cytochrome bc complex or CoQH-cytochrome c reductase; ), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH at the Q site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As typical for the CMGC kinase group, the catalytic site of MAP kinases has a very loose consensus sequence for substrates. Like all their relatives, they only require the target serine / threonine amino acids to be followed by a small amino acid, preferably proline ("proline-directed kinases"). But as SP/TP sites are ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* I.L. Rozowsky (1957) "Flow of Water in bends of open channels", English Translation, Israel Progr. For Scientific Transl., Jerusalem
* R. Galappatti and C.B. Vreugdenhil (1985) "A depth-integrated model for suspended transport", Journal of Hydraulic Research, Vol.23, No.4
* H.G. Enggrob and S. Tjerry (1998) "Simulati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Self-contained units, typically square in shape, that require only the soil medium and vegetative layer for a functioning green roof. These systems are easy to install and remove. Some modular systems are pre-grown at nurseries to client specifications, forming an instant vegetative layer. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A biographical film of Ehrlich Dr. Ehrlichs Magic Bullet was made in 1940 by Warner Bros. It was directed by William Dieterle and starring Edward G. Robinson. The US Public Health Service adopted the abridged film as Magic Bullets' for educational campaigns.
Dr. Lowell Wood famously bought an IBM Stretch computer from ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Arrhenius equation gives the quantitative basis of the relationship between the activation energy and the rate at which a reaction proceeds. From the equation, the activation energy can be found through the relation
where A is the pre-exponential factor for the reaction, R is the universal gas constant, T is the ab... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Journal of Sound and Vibration.
* Journal of Ship Research.
* Applied Ocean research.
* Journal of Engineering Mechanics.
* IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.
* Journal of Fluids and Structures | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It typically has a strong maximum at the minimal number of photons to ionize the system, with successive peaks (known as ATI peaks) separated by the photon energy and thus corresponding to higher numbers of photons being absorbed.
In the non-perturbative regime the bound states are dressed with the electric field, shif... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some assumptions of the fluid dynamics involved in the process must be made in order to simplify the process to a point where it is solvable. The assumptions made by Ekman were:
* no boundaries;
* infinitely deep water;
* eddy viscosity, , is constant (this is only true for laminar flow. In the turbulent atmospheric an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1810, French physicist André-Marie Ampère suggested that hydrofluoric acid was a compound of hydrogen with an unknown element, analogous to chlorine. Fluorite was then shown to be mostly composed of calcium fluoride.
Sir Humphry Davy originally suggested the name fluorine, taking the root from the name of "fluoric a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Through a set of small scale experiments at varying pressures, Birch et al. formulated an equation that allowed the estimation of a virtual surface source, considering the conservation of mass between the exit plane of the orifice and the virtual surface. This approach allows to simulate a compressible, under-expanded ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The 2001 Heart Outcomes and Prevention Evaluation trial seemed to show ramipril possessed cardioprotective qualities which extended beyond its qualities as an antihypertensive. However, the trial and the interpretation of its results have been criticised.
The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) trial showed a 27%... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physics, the expression noble metal is sometimes confined to copper, silver, and gold, since their full d-subshells contribute to what noble character they have. In contrast, the other noble metals, especially the platinum group metals, have notable catalytic applications, arising from their partially filled d-subsh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1756 Thomas Melvill observed the emission of distinct patterns of colour when salts were added to alcohol flames. By 1785 James Gregory discovered the principles of diffraction grating and American astronomer David Rittenhouse made the first engineered diffraction grating. In 1821 Joseph von Fraunhofer solidified... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, or ENSCM, is one of the French Grandes Ecoles, situated in Montpellier. Although it may share academic staff and research activities with the University as well as research bodies such as CNRS, the ENSCM has a particular status as an independent body with its own... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organic Preparations and Procedures International is a bimonthly scientific journal focusing on organic chemists engaged in synthesis. Topics include original preparative chemistry in association with the synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The McCumber relation (or McCumber theory) is a relationship between the effective cross-sections of absorption and emission of light in the physics of solid-state lasers. It is named after Dean McCumber, who proposed the relationship in 1964. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As of December 20, 2006, ORegAnno contained 4220 regulatory sequences (excluding deprecated records) for 2190 transcription factor binding sites, 1853 regulatory regions (enhancers, promoters, etc.), 170 regulatory polymorphisms, and 7 regulatory haplotypes for 17 different organisms (predominantly Drosophila melanogas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inclusion compounds are often molecules, whereas . Intercalation compounds are not 3-dimensional, unlike clathrate compounds. Photolytically-sensitive caged compounds have been examined as containers for releasing a drug or reagent.
Zeolites are another type of crystalline structures that form a framework with cavities... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The minor spliceosome is a ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyses the removal (splicing) of an atypical class of spliceosomal introns (U12-type) from messenger RNAs in some clades of eukaryotes. This process is called noncanonical splicing, as opposed to U2-dependent canonical splicing. U12-type introns represent les... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
However, if the detector is shot noise dominated (which is typically the case for a photomultiplier tube), noise will be proportional to the square root of the power, so that for a broad flat spectrum the noise will be proportional to the square root of m, where m is the number of sample points comprising the spectrum,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Its production was first described by Basil Valentine in Currus Triumphalis Antimonii. In 1659, Johann Rudolf Glauber gave a relatively exact chemical interpretation of the reaction.
Vittorio Algarotti introduced the substance into medicine, and derivatives of his name (algarot, algoroth) were associated with this comp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many pesticides achieve their intended use of killing pests by disrupting the nervous system. Due to similarities in brain biochemistry among many different organisms, there is much speculation that these chemicals can have a negative impact on humans as well. Children are especially vulnerable to exposure to pesticide... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA methylation, referring to the reversible methylation of the 5 position of cytosine by methyltransferases, is a major epigenetic modification in multicellular organisms. In mammals, this modification primarily occurs at CpG sites, which in turn tend to cluster in regions called CpG islands. There is a small fracti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbonate is a pseudohalide ligand. With a saturated pi-system, it has no pi-acceptor properties. With multiple electronegative elements, it is not strongly basic. The latter is consistent with the pK’s of carbonic acid: pK = 6.77 and pK = 9.93.
To a single metal ion, carbonate is observed to bind in both unidentate ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Considering a two dimensional flow in the plane, the flow velocity at a point at a time can be expressed as – | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
RNA silencing or RNA interference refers to a family of gene silencing effects by which gene expression is negatively regulated by non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs. RNA silencing may also be defined as sequence-specific regulation of gene expression triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNA silencing mechanisms ar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The three-dimensional isotropic and non-relativistic uniform Fermi gas case is known as the Fermi sphere.
A three-dimensional infinite square well, (i.e. a cubical box that has a side length L) has the potential energy
The states are now labelled by three quantum numbers n, n, and n. The single particle energies are
wh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metal-organic frameworks are crystalline porous polymers assembled from organic monomers connected by coordination to metal atom centers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the growing need to find a more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional waste removal methods, industries are paying more attention to the function of bacteria and their EPS sugars in bioremediation.
Researchers found that adding EPS sugars from cyanobacteria to wastewaters removes hea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Globally, mangroves stored 4.19 ± 0.62 Pg (CI 95%) of carbon in 2012, with Indonesia, Brazil, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea accounting for more than 50% of the global stock. 2.96 ± 0.53 Pg of the global carbon stock is contained within the soil and 1.23 ± 0.06 Pg in the living biomass. Of this 1.23 Pg, approximately 0.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The glycosylation of proteins has an array of different applications from influencing cell to cell communication to changing the thermal stability and the folding of proteins. Due to the unique abilities of glycoproteins, they can be used in many therapies. By understanding glycoproteins and their synthesis, they can b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methods for the stereoselective synthesis of cyclopropanes from diazocarbonyl compounds and olefins have relied on either the use of pre-formed chiral rhodium catalysts or chiral auxiliaries on the diazocarbonyl compound. For example, Rh[S-DOSP] is a highly effective catalyst for the enantioselective cyclopropanation o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to empirical calibrations, the difference in δSi (denoted as ΔSi) between sponges and their hosting water is correlated with the Si concentration of the hosting solution. Therefore, it has been suggested that the Si concentrations in bottom waters of ancient oceans can be interpreted from the δSi of coexistin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Class I TEs are copied in two stages: first, they are transcribed from DNA to RNA, and the RNA produced is then reverse transcribed to DNA. This copied DNA is then inserted back into the genome at a new position. The reverse transcription step is catalyzed by a reverse transcriptase, which is often encoded by the TE it... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Siderophores become important in the ecological niche defined by low iron availability, iron being one of the critical growth limiting factors for virtually all aerobic microorganisms. There are four major ecological habitats: soil and surface water, marine water, plant tissue (pathogens) and animal tissue (pathogens). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neuromelanin gives specific brain sections, such as the substantia nigra or the locus coeruleus, distinct color. It is a type of melanin and similar to other forms of peripheral melanin. It is insoluble in organic compounds, and can be labeled by silver staining. It is called neuromelanin because of its function and th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Any periodic tiling can be seen as a wallpaper. More particularly, we can consider as a wallpaper a tiling by identical tiles edge‑to‑edge, necessarily periodic, and conceive from it a wallpaper by decorating in the same manner every tiling element, and eventually erase partly or entirely the boundaries between these t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This technology allows a (very) large number of experiments to be performed, allowing explorative screening. Cell-based systems are mainly used in chemical genetics where large, diverse small molecule collections are systematically tested for their effect on cellular model systems. Novel drugs can be found using screen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The isoelectric point (pI, pH(I), IEP), is the pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge or is electrically neutral in the statistical mean. The standard nomenclature to represent the isoelectric point is pH(I). However, pI is also used. For brevity, this article uses pI. The net charge on the molecule i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Certain diagnostic tests are available for the quantification of the end-products of lipid peroxidation, to be specific, malondialdehyde (MDA). The most commonly used test is called a TBARS Assay (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay). Thiobarbituric acid reacts with malondialdehyde to yield a fluorescent prod... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* As a mordant when performing a Gram stain. It is applied for 1 minute after staining with crystal violet, but before ethanol to ensure that gram positive organisms' peptidoglycan remains stained, easily identifying it as a gram positive in microscopy.
* This solution is used as an indicator test for the presence of s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By modern definition, dynamic combinatorial chemistry is generally considered to be a method of facilitating the generation of new chemical species by the reversible linkage of simple building blocks, under thermodynamic control. This principle is known to select the most thermodynamically stable product from an equili... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A somewhat similar concept is that of a clonal colony (also called a genet), wherein the cells (usually unicellular) also share a common ancestry, but which also requires the products of clonal expansion to reside at "one place", or in close proximity. A clonal colony would be well exemplified by a bacterial culture co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Choi research group studies electrodes and catalysts for use in photoelectrochemical and electrochemical applications. Earlier work in the group has included the crystallization of cuprous oxide in various morphologies, in which the authors utilized electrochemistry to control the crystallization process and result... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When pans are overheated beyond approximately 260°C (500°F) the PTFE coating begins to dissociate, releasing hydrofluoric acid and a variety of organofluorine compounds which can cause polymer fume fever in humans and can be lethal to birds. Concerns have been raised over the possible negative effects of using PTFE-coa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
IgE antibodies against plant/insect CCD determinants were shown to have both strict specificity and high affinity, so in principle they might be expected to lead to clinical symptoms just as habitual for anti-peptide IgE. In vitro experiments (histamine-release tests) with polyvalent glyco-allergens corroborated this v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A 1990 Michael Winner film Bullseye!, starring Michael Caine and Roger Moore, referenced the Fleischmann and Pons experiment. The film – a comedy – concerned conmen trying to steal scientists' purported findings. However, the film had a poor reception, described as "appallingly unfunny".
In Undead Science, sociologist ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* ρ = sea level air density (kg/m)
* v = 44.7 (100 mph = 44.7 m/s)
* P = 0.5 × ρ × v
* P = 1224 (pressure in Pa = N/m) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wu et al. reported a C–X cross coupling using CuX (X= Br, Cl) and a silver catalyst to obtain aryl halides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One ancient view of the origin of life, from Aristotle until the 19th century, is of spontaneous generation. This theory held that "lower" animals were generated by decaying organic substances, and that life arose by chance. This was questioned from the 17th century, in works like Thomas Brownes Pseudodoxia Epidemica'.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are also current approaches that are manufacturing scaffolds and coupling them with biological cues. Fabricated scaffolds can also be manufactured using either biological, synthetic, or a combination of both materials from scratch to mimic the native heart valve observed using imaging techniques. Since the scaffo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which also contains TNFRSF1A. This protein and TNF-receptor 1 form a heterocomplex that mediates the recruitment of two anti-apoptotic proteins, c-IAP1 and c-IAP2, which possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The function of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although there are 25 known isotopes of sulfur, only four are stable and of geochemical importance. Of those four, two (S, light and S, heavy) comprise (99.22%) of sulfur on Earth. The vast majority (95.02%) of sulfur occurs as S with only 4.21% in S. The ratio of these two isotopes is fixed in the Solar System and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This property is used to measure atoms and molecules in the gaseous state only, since in a solid or liquid state their energy levels would be changed by contact with other atoms or molecules.
A list of the electron affinities was used by Robert S. Mulliken to develop an electronegativity scale for atoms, equal to the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The specific conductance of a solution containing one electrolyte depends on the concentration of the electrolyte. Therefore, it is convenient to divide the specific conductance by concentration. This quotient, termed molar conductivity, is denoted by | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Water vapor is a by-product of respiration in plants and animals. Its contribution to the pressure, increases as its concentration increases. Its partial pressure contribution to air pressure increases, lowering the partial pressure contribution of the other atmospheric gases (Dalton's Law). The total air pressure must... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The definition of a genetically modified organism (GMO) is not clear and varies widely between countries, international bodies, and other communities. At its broadest, the definition of a GMO can include anything that has had its genes altered, including by nature. Taking a less broad view, it can encompass every organ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the case of ions it is common to speak about delocalized charge (charge delocalization). An example of delocalized charge in ions can be found in the carboxylate group, wherein the negative charge is centered equally on the two oxygen atoms. Charge delocalization in anions is an important factor determining their re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1963, a group of researchers observed that specific radioactive amino acids were being incorporated into proteins obtained from ribosome-free cell and tissue extracts. This incorporation of amino acids into ribosome-lacking cells was first observed in prokaryotes using leucine (Leu) and phenylalanine (Phe), and was ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Common water masses in the world ocean are:
* Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW): Antarctic Bottom Water is a very important water mass. Antarctic Bottom Water is the left over part when sea ice is being made. It is very cold but, not quite freezing so the water moves down and along the ocean floor.
* North Atlantic Deep Wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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