ChemTEB Classification Datasets
Collection
Chemical Classification Datasets for Evaluating Text Embedding Models • 19 items • Updated
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Carbon dioxide has unique long-term effects on climate change that are nearly "irreversible" for a thousand years after emissions stop (zero further emissions). The greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide do not persist over time in the same way as carbon dioxide. Even if human carbon dioxide emissions were to compl... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Resistance to fluoroquinolones is common in staphylococcus and pseudomonas. Resistance occurs in multiple ways. One mechanism is by an alteration in topoisomerase IV enzyme. A double mutant form of S. pneumoniae Gyr A + Par C bearing Ser-81-->Phe and Ser-79-->Phe mutations were eight to sixteen times less responsive to... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Ampicillin is comparatively less toxic than other antibiotics, and side effects are more likely in those who are sensitive to penicillins and those with a history of asthma or allergies. In very rare cases, it causes severe side effects such as angioedema, anaphylaxis, and C. difficile infection (that can range from mi... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Ampicillin is one of the most used drugs in pregnancy, and has been found to be generally harmless both by the Food and Drug Administration in the U.S. (which classified it as category B) and the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia (which classified it as category A). It is the drug of choice for treating Lis... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Following oral administration of lisinopril, peak serum concentrations of lisinopril occur within about seven hours, although there was a trend to a small delay in time taken to reach peak serum concentrations in acute myocardial infarction patients. The peak effect of lisinopril is about 6 hours after administration f... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a cough suppressant used in many cough and cold medicines. It affects serotonin, norepinephrine, NMDA, and sigma-1 receptors in the brain, all of which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. In 2022, the FDA approved the combination dextromethorphan/bupropion to serve as a ... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
The temperature and pressure at which ordinary solid, liquid, and gaseous water coexist in equilibrium is a triple point of water. Since 1954, this point had been used to define the base unit of temperature, the kelvin, but, starting in 2019, the kelvin is now defined using the Boltzmann constant, rather than the tripl... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Single 20 to 40mg oral doses generally give rise to peak plasma esomeprazole concentrations of 0.5-1.0mg/L within 1–4 hours, but after several days of once-daily administration, these levels may increase by about 50%. A 30-minute intravenous infusion of a similar dose usually produces peak plasma levels on the order of... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Zuclopenthixol (brand names Cisordinol, Clopixol and others), also known as zuclopentixol, is a medication used to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses. It is classed, pharmacologically, as a typical antipsychotic. Chemically it is a thioxanthene. It is the cis-isomer of clopenthixol (Sordinol, Ciatyl). Clopenthixol... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane is also being considered as an organic solvent, both in liquid and supercritical fluid.
It is used in the resistive plate chamber particle detectors in the Large Hadron Collider. It is also used for other types of particle detectors, e.g. some cryogenic particle detectors. It can be used as an... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Cefalexin is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) and the Australian Approved Name (AAN), while cephalexin is the British Approved Name (BAN) and the United States Adopted Name (USAN). Brand names for cefalexin include Keflex, Acfex, Cephalex, Ceporex, L-Xahl, Medoxine, Ospexin, Torlasporin, Bio-Cef, Panixine Di... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
-Deprenyl, also known as or dextro-N-propargyl-N-methylamphetamine, is an MAO-B inhibitor that metabolizes into -amphetamine and -methamphetamine and is therefore also a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent. It is the opposite enantiomer of -deprenyl (selegiline).
-Deprenyl, also an MAO-B inhibitor, metabolizes to -... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
The CO fertilization effect or carbon fertilization effect causes an increased rate of photosynthesis while limiting leaf transpiration in plants. Both processes result from increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO). The carbon fertilization effect varies depending on plant species, air and soil temperature,... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
The chiral switch concept is illustrated in the diagram. This chiral switch is from (±)-ibuprofen to (S)-(+)-ibuprofen (dexibuprofen). The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen was the first chiral drug of the NSAID class to be switched to the single-enantiomer version in 1994. The switch was done based... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Evekeo is an FDA-approved medication that contains racemic amphetamine sulfate (i.e., 50% levoamphetamine sulfate and 50% dextroamphetamine sulfate). It is approved for the treatment of narcolepsy, ADHD, and exogenous obesity. The orally disintegrating tablets are approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperac... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Alacepril (INN) is an ACE inhibitor medication indicated as a treatment for hypertension. The medication metabolizes to captopril and desacetylalacepril. Alacepril is primarily used to treat hypertension, and in some cases, renovascular hypertension. It's often combined with other medications, particularly other blood ... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Flutamide has been researched and used extensively in the treatment of androgen-dependent skin and hair conditions in women including acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, and scalp hair loss, as well as in hyperandrogenism (e.g., in polycystic ovary syndrome or congenital adrenal hyperplasia), and is effective in improving the ... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
The development of the fluorocarbon industry coincided with World War II. Prior to that, fluorocarbons were prepared by reaction of fluorine with the hydrocarbon, i.e., direct fluorination. Because C-C bonds are readily cleaved by fluorine, direct fluorination mainly affords smaller perfluorocarbons, such as tetrafluor... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
HFCs were developed in the 1990s to substitute for substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). As these substances were found to deplete the ozone layer, the Montreal Protocol began to lay down provisions for them to be phased-out globally after the agreement was ratified in 1987... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Many lawsuits have been filed against Bayer, the manufacturer of drospirenone, due to the higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) that has been observed with combined birth control pills containing drospirenone and certain other progestins relative to the risk with levonorgestrel-containing combined birth control p... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
For many years scientists in drug development have been blind to the three-dimensional consequences of stereochemistry, chiefly due to the lack of technology for making enantioselective investigations. Besides the thalidomide tragedy, another event that raised the importance of issues of stereochemistry in drug researc... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Drug repurposing and chiral switches are part of the secondary pharmaceuticals strategy. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased drug repurposing and this approach suggests combining the two strategies for better results. This combination strategy is not new, but has not been intentional until now. The combination strategy... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
In one of the syntheses, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) is reacted with bromoacetyl chloride to give the amide. The halo group is then displaced by 4-thiopyridine. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Tetrafluoroethane is typically made by reacting trichloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride:
:CHCl=CCl + 4 HF → CFCHF + 3 HCl
It reacts with butyllithium to give trifluorovinyl lithium:
:CFCHF + 2 BuLi → CF=CFLi + LiF + 2 BuH | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
As they are inert, perfluoroalkanes have essentially no chemical uses, but their physical properties have led to their use in many diverse applications. These include:
*Perfluorocarbon tracer
*Liquid dielectric
*Chemical vapor deposition
*Organic Rankine cycle
*Fluorous biphasic catalysis
*Cosmetics
*Ski waxes
As well ... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Diarrhea is more common and sometimes more severe with flutamide than with other NSAAs. In a comparative trial of combined androgen blockade for prostate cancer, the rate of diarrhea was 26% for flutamide and 12% for bicalutamide. Moreover, 6% of flutamide-treated patients discontinued the medication due to diarrhea, w... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Due to its high relative density, it gathers in low-lying areas, and at high concentrations it can cause asphyxiation. Other health effects are similar to tetrafluoromethane. | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Grewe's cyclization is easier to handle in terms of the chemicals used, produces higher yields and higher purity of the product. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
There are several surface measurement (including flasks and continuous in situ) networks including NOAA/ERSL, WDCGG, and RAMCES. The NOAA/ESRL Baseline Observatory Network, and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Network data are hosted at the CDIAC at ORNL. The World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG), part ... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Although not as toxic as many similar compounds, inhaled or ingested 1,1,1-trichloroethane does act as a central nervous system depressant and can cause effects similar to those of ethanol intoxication, including dizziness, confusion, and, in sufficiently high concentrations, unconsciousness and death. Fatal poisonings... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
It is branded as Dynorm, Inhibace, Vascace and many other names in various countries. None of these are available in the United States as of May 2010. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
While new production of these refrigerants has been banned, large volumes still exist in older systems and have been said to pose an immediate threat to our environment. Preventing the release of these harmful refrigerants has been ranked as one of the single most effective actions we can take to mitigate catastrophic ... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Perfluoroalkanes are very stable because of the strength of the carbon–fluorine bond, one of the strongest in organic chemistry.
Its strength is a result of the electronegativity of fluorine imparting partial ionic character through partial charges on the carbon and fluorine atoms, which shorten and strengthen the bond... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Amoxicillin was one of several semisynthetic derivatives of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) developed by the Beecham Group in the 1960s. It was invented by Anthony Alfred Walter Long and John Herbert Charles Nayler, two British scientists. It became available in 1972 and was the second aminopenicillin to reach the ma... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Levonorgestrel stimulates the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro, an action that is independent of the classical PRs and is instead mediated via the progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1). Certain other progestins act similarly in this assay, whereas progesterone acts neutrally. It is uncl... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Contraindications are hypersensitivity against ACE inhibitors, especially if it has resulted in angioedema; idiopathic or hereditary angioedema; kidney failure; the second and third trimesters in pregnancy; and combination with the drug aliskiren in people with diabetes. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
According to the FDA, the stereoisomeric composition of a chiral drug should be known, and its effects should be well-characterized from pharmacologic, toxicologic, and clinical standpoints. In order to profile the different stereoisomers of enantiopure drugs, manufacturers are urged to develop quantitative assays for ... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
There is evidence for high concentrations of over 6,000 ppm between 600 and 400 million years ago, and of over 3,000 ppm between 200 and 150 million years ago.
Indeed, higher CO concentrations are thought to have prevailed throughout most of the Phanerozoic Eon, with concentrations four to six times current concentrat... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Levoketoconazole, sold under the brand name Recorlev, is a steroidogenesis inhibitor that is used for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome. Levoketoconazole was approved for medical use in the United States in December 2021.
Levoketoconazole is the levorotatory or (2S,4R) enantiomer of ketoconazole, and it is an inhibit... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Persons with certain genetic variations in human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are under increased risk of developing skin reactions such as acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), but also severe ones such as Stevens–Johnson and DRESS syndrome, under treatment with carbamazepine and drugs with related chemical ... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Levofloxacin is not approved in most countries for the treatment of children except in unique and life-threatening infections because it is associated with an elevated risk of musculoskeletal injury in this population, a property it shares with other fluoroquinolones.
In the United States levofloxacin is approved for t... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Cefuroxime is generally well tolerated, and its side effects are usually transient. If ingested after food, this antibiotic is both better absorbed and less likely to cause its most common side effects of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headaches/migraines, dizziness, and abdominal pain compared to most antibiotics in its ... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
ACE inhibitors inhibit the actions of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), thereby lowering the production of angiotensin II and decreasing the breakdown of bradykinin. The decrease in angiotensin II results in relaxation of arteriole smooth muscle leading to a decrease in total peripheral resistance, reducing blood pr... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (such as carbon tet for short and tetrachloromethane, also recognised by the IUPAC) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CCl. It is a non-flammable, dense, colourless liquid with a "sweet" chloroform-like odour that can be detected at low levels. It was f... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Dicloxacillin is commercially available as the sodium salt, dicloxacillin sodium, in capsules and as a powder for reconstitution. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Adverse effects of drospirenone alone occurring in more than 1% of women may include unscheduled menstrual bleeding (breakthrough or intracyclic) (40.3–64.4%), acne (3.8%), metrorrhagia (2.8%), headache (2.7%), breast pain (2.2%), weight gain (1.9%), dysmenorrhea (1.9%), nausea (1.8%), vaginal hemorrhage (1.7%), decrea... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
In 2010, AstraZeneca announced a co-promotion agreement with Daiichi Sankyo to distribute Nexium in Japan. In September 2011, Nexium was approved for sale and was launched by Daiichi Sankyo in Japan. Esomeprazole was approved for use in the United States in February 2001. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Water has an unusually high surface tension of 71.99 mN/m at 25 °C which is caused by the strength of the hydrogen bonding between water molecules. This allows insects to walk on water. | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
In veterinary medicine, selegiline is sold under the brand name Anipryl (manufactured by Zoetis). It is used in dogs to treat canine cognitive dysfunction and, at higher doses, pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). Canine cognitive dysfunction is a form of dementia that mimics Alzheimer's disease in humans. G... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
The pharmacology of dextrorphan is similar to that of dextromethorphan (DXM). However, dextrorphan is much more potent as an NMDA receptor antagonist as well much less active as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, but retains DXM's activity as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
It also has more affinity for the opioid re... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Levosulpiride, sold under the brand name SULPEPTA , is a potent prokinetic agent of the benzamide class. It is a selective antagonist of the dopamine D receptors and 5HT4 Agonism on both central and peripheral nervous systems. Levosulpiride is claimed to have mood elevating properties.
Chemically, it is the (S)-(−)... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Escitalopram, sold under the brand names Lexapro and Cipralex, among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. Escitalopram is mainly used to treat major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. It is taken by mouth, available commercially as an oxalate salt e... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
A chemical synthesis of captopril by treatment of -proline with (2S)-3-acetylthio-2-methylpropanoyl chloride under basic conditions (NaOH), followed by aminolysis of the protective acetyl group to unmask the drug's free thiol, is depicted in the figure at right.
Procedure 2 taken out of patent US4105776. See examples 2... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine. Its principal mechanism of action relies on its direct action on the adrenergic receptor system. The vasoconstriction that pseudoephedrine produces is believed to be principally an α-adrenergic receptor response.
Pseudoephedrine acts on α- and β2-adrenergic receptors, to caus... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Rasagiline is broken down via CYP1A2, part of the cytochrome P450 metabolic path in the liver. It is contraindicated in patients with hepatic insufficiency and its use should be monitored carefully in patients taking other drugs that alter the normal effectiveness of this metabolic path. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Despite having a lower than optimum drug penetration into bone ratio of 10–20%, flucloxacillin appears effective in treating osteomyelitis.
Depending on local guidance it may be used in the treatment of infection of joints while waiting for culture results. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
As an ACE inhibitor, moexipril causes a decrease in ACE. This blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Blockage of angiotensin II limits hypertension within the vasculature. Additionally, moexipril has been found to possess cardioprotective properties. Rats given moexipril one week prior to induction o... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Pseudoephedrine may be quantified in blood, plasma, or urine to monitor any possible performance-enhancing use by athletes, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning, or to assist in a medicolegal death investigation. Some commercial immunoassay screening tests directed at the amphetamines cross-react appreciably with pseudoeph... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA), also referred to as FC43, is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is a colorless liquid. A molecule of this chemical compound consists of three butyl groups connected to one nitrogen atom, in which all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine atoms. The compound is ... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Piperacillin is a broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the ureidopenicillin class. The chemical structure of piperacillin and other ureidopenicillins incorporates a polar side chain that enhances penetration into Gram-negative bacteria and reduces susceptibility to cleavage by Gram-negative beta lactamase enzymes. The... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Common side effects include headache, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, decreased appetite, constipation, dry mouth, and abdominal pain. More severe side effects are severe allergic reactions, chest pain, dark urine, fast heartbeat, fever, paresthesia, persistent sore throat, severe stomach pain, unusual bruising or bleedi... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
LAAM is indicated as a second-line treatment for the treatment and management of opioid dependence if patients fail to respond to drugs like methadone or buprenorphine.
LAAM is used as an oral solution of LAAM hydrochloride at a concentration of 10 mg/mL in bottles of 120 and 500 mL under the brand name Orlaam. The fir... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Normally, angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II constricts blood vessels, increasing blood pressure. Enalaprilat, the active metabolite of enalapril, inhibits ACE. Inhibition of ACE decreases levels of angiotensin II, leading to less vasoconstriction and ... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Ampicillin is used to treat infections by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It was the first "broad spectrum" penicillin with activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, some isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (but not penicillin-resistant or methicil... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, meaning it blocks the actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), preventing angiotensin I from being converted to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent direct vasoconstrictor and a stimulator of aldosterone release. Reduction i... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Trandolapril is an ACE inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure. It may also be used to treat other conditions. It is similar in structure to another ramipril but has a cyclohexane group. It is a prodrug that must be metabolized into its active form. It has a longer half-life when compared to other agents in this cl... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
In organic chemistry, carbon tetrachloride serves as a source of chlorine in the Appel reaction.
Carbon tetrachloride made from heavy chlorine-37 has been used in the detection of neutrinos. | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Most sinusitis infections are caused by viruses, for which amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate are ineffective, and the small benefit gained by amoxicillin may be overridden by the adverse effects.
Amoxicillin is considered the first-line empirical treatment for most cases of uncomplicated bacterial sinusitis in ch... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Ampicillin reacts with probenecid and methotrexate to decrease renal excretion. Large doses of ampicillin can increase the risk of bleeding with concurrent use of warfarin and other oral anticoagulants, possibly by inhibiting platelet aggregation. Ampicillin has been said to make oral contraceptives less effective, but... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
* Evalyn Bostock, (1917–1944) British actress who died from accidentally drinking carbon tetrachloride after mistaking it for her drink while working in a photographic darkroom.
* Harry Edwards (1887–1952), an American director who died from carbon tetrachloride poisoning shortly after directing his first television pr... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
R-454B, also known by the trademarked names Opteon XL41, Solstice 454B, and Puron Advance, is a zeotropic blend of 68.9 percent difluoromethane (R-32), a hydrofluorocarbon, and 31.1 percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), a hydrofluoroolefin. Because of its reduced global warming potential (GWP), R-454B is inten... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
As of 2006, there were no studies demonstrating "drug liking" scores of oral levomethamphetamine that are similar to racemic methamphetamine or dextromethamphetamine in either recreational users or medicinal users.
In recent years, tighter controls in Mexico on certain methamphetamine precursors like ephedrine and pseu... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Captopril's main uses are based on its vasodilation and inhibition of some renal function activities. These benefits are most clearly seen in:
* Hypertension
* Cardiac conditions such as congestive heart failure and after myocardial infarction
* Preservation of kidney function in diabetic nephropathy.
Additionally, it... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) contain no chlorine. They are composed entirely of carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine. They have no known effects on the ozone layer; fluorine itself is not ozone-toxic. However, HFCs and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are greenhouse gases, which cause global warming. Two groups of haloalkanes, hydrofluo... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
About 70% of the ingested imidapril is absorbed quickly from the gut; this percentage is reduced significantly when taken with a fatty meal. It reaches highest blood plasma concentrations after two hours and has a biological half-life of two hours. The substance is a prodrug and is activated to imidaprilat, which reach... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
According to their material safety data sheets, CFCs and HCFCs are colorless, volatile, non-toxic liquids and gases with a faintly sweet ethereal odor. Overexposure at concentrations of 11% or more may cause dizziness, loss of concentration, central nervous system depression or cardiac arrhythmia. Vapors displace air a... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Esketamine is used for similar indications as ketamine. Such uses include induction of anesthesia in high-risk patients such as those with circulatory shock, severe bronchospasm, or as a supplement to regional anesthesia with incomplete nerve blocks. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
The most common side effects (more than 10% of patients) are hot flashes and sweating, which are typical of estrogen deficiency as caused by exemestane, and also insomnia, headache, and joint pain. Nausea and fatigue are mainly observed in patients with advanced breast cancer.
An occasional decrease in lymphocytes has ... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Dexlansoprazole is the (R)-(+)-enantiomer of lansoprazole, which is a racemic mixture of its (R)-(+) and (S)-(−)-enantiomers. The Takeda drug has a dual release pharmaceutical formulation, with two types of granules of dexlansoprazole, each with a coating that dissolves at a different pH level. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Alternatives for normally occupied areas include (PFC-410 or CEA-410), CF (PFC-218 or CEA-308), HCFC Blend A (NAF S-III), HFC-23 (FE 13), HFC-227ea (FM 200), IG-01 (argon), IG-55 (argonite), HFC-125, or HFC-134a. For normally unoccupied areas, the alternatives include carbon dioxide, powdered Aerosol C, CFI, HCFC-22, H... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Aside from its immense environmental impacts, Freon 113, like most chlorofluoroalkanes, forms phosgene gas when exposed to a naked flame. | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Dextrorphan was formerly a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States, but was unscheduled on October 1, 1976. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Trichlorofluoromethane was first widely used as a refrigerant. Because of its high boiling point compared to most refrigerants, it can be used in systems with a low operating pressure, making the mechanical design of such systems less demanding than that of higher-pressure refrigerants R-12 or R-22.
Trichlorofluoromet... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Because water has strong cohesive and adhesive forces, it exhibits capillary action. Strong cohesion from hydrogen bonding and adhesion allows trees to transport water more than 100 m upward. | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
The primary uses of esomeprazole are gastroesophageal reflux disease, treatment and maintenance of erosive esophagitis, treatment of duodenal ulcers caused by H. pylori, prevention of gastric ulcers in those on chronic NSAID therapy, and treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers associated with Crohn's disease. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
A major mechanism of resistance against piperacillin-tazobactam is Gram-negative bacteria producing β-lactamases. Other currently known mechanisms include mutations in the active site of penicillin-binding proteins, changes in membrane efflux, or bacteria permeability. Some enzymes, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamas... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
* Respiratory tract infections (such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and lobar pneumonia) caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and S. pneumoniae (formerly D. pneumonia).
* Otitis media caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and staphylococci.
* Skin and skin structure infecti... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Since warming of Earth means less ice on the ground on average, it would cause lower albedo and more sunlight absorbed, hence further increasing Earth's temperature.
As a rough estimate, we note that the average temperature on most of Earth are between -20 and +30 Celsius degree, a good guess will be that 2% of its sur... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Cefuroxime axetil is an ester prodrug of cefuroxime which is effective when taken by mouth. It is a second-generation cephalosporin. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Levopropylhexedrine (Eventin) is an adrenergic alkylamine used as an anorectic in Germany and patented by Smith Kline & French in 1947. It has also been used in the anticonvulsant preparation barbexaclone in combination with phenobarbital to offset sedation. Levopropylhexedrine is the levorotatory S-enantiomer of propy... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Common side effects include rash, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, and low blood white blood cell levels. Other serious side effects include liver problems, obliterative bronchiolitis, and myasthenia gravis. It is not recommended in people with lupus erythematosus. Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Any process that results in the production of methane and its release into the atmosphere can be considered a "source". The known sources of methane are predominantly located near the Earth's surface. Two main processes that are responsible for methane production include microorganisms anaerobically converting organic ... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
CFCs were phased out via the Montreal Protocol due to their part in ozone depletion.
The atmospheric impacts of CFCs are not limited to their role as ozone-depleting chemicals. Infrared absorption bands prevent heat at that wavelength from escaping Earth's atmosphere. CFCs have their strongest absorption bands from C-F... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Escitalopram is effective in reducing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, whether taken continuously or in the luteal phase only. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Common effects (1–10% incidence) include:
* Abnormal dreams
* Anisocoria
* Anorgasmia
* Anxiety
* Arthralgia (joint pain)
* Constipation
* Decreased or increased appetite
* Diarrhea
* Dilated pupils
* Dizziness
* Dry mouth
* Excessive sweating
* Fatigue
* Impotence (erectile dysfunction)
* Libido changes
* Myalgia (mu... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
We may make a more elaborate calculation by treating the atmosphere as compounded of many thin layers. For each such layer, at height y and thickness dy, the weight of this layer in determining the radiation temperaure seen from outer space is a generalization of the expression arrived at earlier for the troposphere. I... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Levetiracetam is available as regular and extended release oral formulations and as intravenous formulations.
The immediate release tablet has been available as a generic in the United States since 2008, and in the UK since 2011. The patent for the extended release tablet will expire in 2028.
The branded version Keppra... | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
Like lansoprazole, dexlansoprazole permanently binds to the proton pump and blocks it, preventing the formation of gastric acid. | 1 | Enantiopure drugs |
At the same temperature, a column of dry air will be denser or heavier than a column of air containing any water vapor, the molar mass of diatomic nitrogen and diatomic oxygen both being greater than the molar mass of water. Thus, any volume of dry air will sink if placed in a larger volume of moist air. Also, a volume... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
Chloromethane was first synthesized by the French chemists Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Eugene Peligot in 1835 by boiling a mixture of methanol, sulfuric acid, and sodium chloride. This method is the forerunner for that used today, which uses hydrogen chloride instead of sulfuric acid and sodium chloride.
Chloromethane is ... | 0 | Greenhouse Gases |
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Wikipedia Greenhouse Gases vs Enantiopure Drugs Binary Classification
This dataset is derived from the English Wikipedia articles and is tailored for binary text classification tasks in the fields of environmental science and pharmaceutical chemistry. The dataset is divided into two classes based on the thematic content of the articles:
- Class 1 (Greenhouse Gases): This class includes articles that discuss various aspects of greenhouse gases. These are gases that trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming. Topics may cover sources, types, impacts, and mitigation strategies related to greenhouse gases.
- Class 2 (Enantiopure Drugs): This class contains articles focused on enantiopure drugs. Enantiopure drugs are pharmaceutical compounds that consist of only one enantiomer (a molecule that is a mirror image of another molecule but cannot be superimposed on it). These drugs are significant in medicinal chemistry due to their specific interactions with biological systems, leading to desired therapeutic effects and reduced side effects.
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