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PUVA (psoralen and UVA) is an ultraviolet light therapy treatment for skin diseases: vitiligo, eczema, psoriasis, graft-versus-host disease, mycosis fungoides, large plaque parapsoriasis, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, using the sensitizing effects of the drug psoralen. The psoralen is applied or taken orally to sensit... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
*Stefan Lovgren, [https://web.archive.org/web/20050319053238/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/03/0318_050318_cryonics.html "Corpses Frozen for Future Rebirth by Arizona Company"], March 2005, National Geographic | 0 | Cryobiology |
Captive populations are subject to problems such as inbreeding depression, loss of genetic diversity and adaptations to captivity. It is important to manage captive populations in a way that minimizes these issues so that the individuals to be introduced will resemble the original founders as closely as possible, whic... | 0 | Cryobiology |
The basis of many functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is distension of the intestinal lumen. Such luminal distension may induce pain, a sensation of bloating, abdominal distension and motility disorders. Therapeutic approaches seek to reduce factors that lead to distension, particularly of the distal small an... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA or HDEHP) is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (CHO)POH. The colorless liquid is a diester of phosphoric acid and 2-ethylhexanol. It is used in the solvent extraction of uranium, vanadium and the rare-earth metals. | 1 | Separation Processes |
Ultraviolet in sewage treatment is commonly replacing chlorination. This is in large part because of concerns that reaction of the chlorine with organic compounds in the waste water stream could synthesize potentially toxic and long lasting chlorinated organics and also because of the environmental risks of storing chl... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Hysteresis in cell biology often follows bistable systems where the same input state can lead to two different, stable outputs. Where bistability can lead to digital, switch-like outputs from the continuous inputs of chemical concentrations and activities, hysteresis makes these systems more resistant to noise. These s... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Lactulose is used in the treatment of chronic constipation in patients of all ages as a long-term treatment. The dosage of lactulose for chronic idiopathic constipation is adjusted depending on the constipation severity and desired effect, from a mild stool softener to causing diarrhea. Lactulose is contraindicated in ... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Post-treatment disinfection provides secondary protection against compromised membranes and downstream problems. Disinfection by means of ultraviolet (UV) lamps (sometimes called germicidal or bactericidal) may be employed to sterilize pathogens that evade the RO process. Chlorination or chloramination (chlorine and am... | 1 | Separation Processes |
The vacuum ultraviolet (V‑UV) band (100–200 nm) can be generated by non-linear 4 wave mixing in gases by sum or difference frequency mixing of 2 or more longer wavelength lasers. The generation is generally done in gasses (e.g. krypton, hydrogen which are two-photon resonant near 193 nm) or metal vapors (e.g. magnesium... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Glucose, along with fructose, is one of the primary sugars found in wine grapes. In wine, glucose tastes less sweet than fructose. It is a six-carbon sugar molecule derived from the breakdown of sucrose. At the beginning of the ripening stage there is usually more glucose than fructose present in the grape (as much as ... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Signs and symptoms vary depending on the degree of hypothermia, and may be divided by the three stages of severity. People with hypothermia may appear pale and feel cold to touch.
Infants with hypothermia may feel cold when touched, with bright red skin and an unusual lack of energy.
Behavioural changes such as impair... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Recent advances in technology have allowed for the use of argon gas to drive ice formation using a principle known as the Joule-Thomson effect. This gives physicians excellent control of the ice and minimizes complications using ultra-thin 17 gauge cryoneedles. | 0 | Cryobiology |
21st Century Medicine (21CM) is a California cryobiological research company which has as its primary focus the development of perfusates and protocols for viable long-term cryopreservation of human organs, tissues and cells at temperatures below −100 °C through the use of vitrification. 21CM was founded in 1993.
In 20... | 0 | Cryobiology |
* The rotary vacuum drum filter is a continuous and automatic operation, so the operating cost is low.
* The variation of the drum speed rotating can be used to control the cake thickness.
* The process can be easily modified (pre-coating filter process).
* Can produce relatively clean product by adding a showering dev... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Drug delivery refers to technology used to present a drug to a pre-determined region of the body for drug emission and absorption. Principles relating to route of administration, metabolism, site of specific targeting, and toxicity are most important within this field. Drugs administered orally (through mouth) are usua... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
* Due to the structure, the pressure difference is theoretically limited to atmospheric pressure (1 bar), and in practice somewhat lower.
* Besides the drum, other accessories, for example, agitators and vacuum pump, vacuum receivers, slurry pumps are required.
* The discharge cake contains residual moisture.
* The cak... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Growing crystals for X-ray crystallography can be quite difficult. For X-ray analysis, single perfect crystals are required. Typically a small amount (5–100 mg) of a pure compound is used, and crystals are allowed to grow very slowly. Several techniques can be used to grow these perfect crystals:
* Slow evaporation of ... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Bili light. A type of phototherapy that uses blue light with a range of 420–470 nm, used to treat neonatal jaundice. | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Somatic tissue can be stored in vitro for short periods of time. This is done in a light and temperature controlled environment that regulates the growth of cells. As an ex situ conservation technique tissue culture is primary used for clonal propagation of vegetative tissue or immature seeds. This allows for the proli... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Heat is primarily generated in muscle tissue, including the heart, and in the liver, while it is lost through the skin (90%) and lungs (10%). Heat production may be increased two- to four-fold through muscle contractions (i.e. exercise and shivering). The rate of heat loss is determined, as with any object, by convecti... | 0 | Cryobiology |
The sample (fruits, vegetables, tobacco, etc.) is homogenized and centrifuged with a reagent and agitated for 1 minute. The reagents used depend on the type of sample to be analyzed. Following this, the sample is put through a dispersive solid phase extraction cleanup prior to analysis by gas-liquid chromatography or l... | 1 | Separation Processes |
In addition to unusual experimental properties, spin glasses are the subject of extensive theoretical and computational investigations. A substantial part of early theoretical work on spin glasses dealt with a form of mean-field theory based on a set of replicas of the partition function of the system.
An important, ex... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Most tanning beds are horizontal enclosures with a bench and canopy (lid) that house long, low-pressure fluorescent bulbs (100–200 watt) under an acrylic surface. The tanner is surrounded by bulbs when the canopy is closed. Modern tanning beds emit mostly UVA (the sun emits around 95% UVA and 5% UVB). One review of stu... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Established in 1972, the focus of the research is on cryoinjury, cryosurgery, cryopreservation, lyophilization and hypothermia. Since 1985 the Institute has published the open access peer-reviewed scientific journal Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine. | 0 | Cryobiology |
Cryoablation of tumor induces necrosis of tumor cells. The immunotherapeutic effect of cryoablation of tumor is the result of the release of intracellular tumor antigens from within the necrotized tumor cells. The released tumor antigens help activate anti-tumor T cells, which destroy remaining malignant cells. Thus, c... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Cold hardening is the physiological and biochemical process by which an organism prepares for cold weather. | 0 | Cryobiology |
More than one kind of crystal system has a single axis of high symmetry (threefold, fourfold or sixfold). The anisotropy of such crystals is called uniaxial anisotropy. If the axis is taken to be the main symmetry axis of the crystal, the lowest order term in the energy is
The ratio is an energy density (energy per u... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Rewarming can be done with a number of methods including passive external rewarming, active external rewarming, and active internal rewarming. Passive external rewarming involves the use of a person's own ability to generate heat by providing properly insulated dry clothing and moving to a warm environment. Passive ext... | 0 | Cryobiology |
An electrostatic separator is a device for separating particles by mass in a low energy charged beam.
An example is the electrostatic precipitator used in coal-fired power plants to treat exhaust gas, removing small particles that cause air pollution.
Electrostatic separation is a process that uses electrostatic charg... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Black light is commonly used to authenticate oil paintings, antiques and banknotes. Black lights can be used to differentiate real currency from counterfeit notes because, in many countries, legal banknotes have fluorescent symbols on them that only show under a black light. In addition, the paper used for printing mon... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
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