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The Tobacco and Salt Museum (Japanese:たばこと塩の博物館) is located in Sumida-ku, Tokyo. It was established in 1978 and is run by Japan Tobacco. The museum was originally located in Shibuya but, in 2015, it was relocated to Sumida. The museum has about 38,000 artifacts that show the history of tobacco and salt both from Japan ... | 0 | Salts |
FeO is used as a black pigment and is known as C.I pigment black 11 (C.I. No.77499) or Mars Black.
FeO is used as a catalyst in the Haber process and in the water-gas shift reaction. The latter uses an HTS (high temperature shift catalyst) of iron oxide stabilised by chromium oxide. This iron–chrome catalyst is reduced... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Metal complexes containing C are known as metal carbido complexes. Most common are carbon-centered octahedral clusters, such as (where "Ph" represents a phenyl group) and [FeC(CO)]. Similar species are known for the metal carbonyls and the early metal halides. A few terminal carbides have been isolated, such as .
Meta... | 0 | Salts |
Phosphorene is a two-dimensional material consisting of phosphorus. It consists of a single layer of black phosphorus, the most stable allotrope of phosphorus. Phosphorene is analogous to graphene (single layer graphite). Among two-dimensional materials, phosphorene is a competitor to graphene because it has a nonzero ... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Acid–base property of the resulting solution from a neutralization reaction depends on the remaining salt products. A salt containing reactive cations undergo hydrolysis by which they react with water molecules, causing deprotonation of the conjugate acids.
For example, the acid salt ammonium chloride is the main speci... | 0 | Salts |
Polyvinylcarbazole is obtained from N-vinylcarbazole by radical polymerization in various ways. It can be produced by suspension polymerization at 180 °C with sodium chloride and potassium chromate as catalyst. Alternatively, AIBN can also be used as a radical starter or a Ziegler-Natta catalyst. | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Alkali salts or base salts are salts that are the product of incomplete neutralization of a strong base and a weak acid.
Rather than being neutral (as some other salts), alkali salts are bases as their name suggests. What makes these compounds basic is that the conjugate base from the weak acid hydrolyzes to form a bas... | 0 | Salts |
Molybdenite is a mineral of molybdenum disulfide, MoS. Similar in appearance and feel to graphite, molybdenite has a lubricating effect that is a consequence of its layered structure. The atomic structure consists of a sheet of molybdenum atoms sandwiched between sheets of sulfur atoms. The Mo-S bonds are strong, but... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
PtSi can be synthesized in several ways. The standard method involves depositing a thin film of pure platinum onto silicon wafers and heating in a conventional furnace at 450–600 °C for a half an hour in inert ambients. The process cannot be carried out in an oxygenated environment, as this results in the formation of ... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Sodium ethyl xanthate is used in the mining industry as flotation agent for recovery of metals, such as copper, nickel, silver or gold, as well as solid metal sulfides or oxides from ore slurries. This application was introduced by Cornelius H. Keller in 1925. Other applications include defoliant, herbicide, and an add... | 0 | Salts |
Plumbates are formed by the reaction of lead(IV) oxide, , with alkali. Plumbate salts contain either the hydrated hexahydroxoplumbate(IV) or plumbate anion , or the anhydrous anions (metaplumbate) or (orthoplumbate). For example, dissolving in a hot, concentrated aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide forms the pot... | 0 | Salts |
Viologens are organic compounds with the formula (CHNR). In some viologens, the pyridyl groups are further modified.
Viologens are called so, because these compounds produce violet color on reduction [violet + Latin gen, generator of].
The viologen paraquat (R = methyl), is a widely used herbicide. As early as in the... | 0 | Salts |
Structures may form during continued sedimentary loading, without any external tectonic influence, due to gravitational instability. Pure halite has a density of 2160 kg/m. When initially deposited, sediments generally have a lower density of 2000 kg/m, but with loading and compaction their density increases to 2500 kg... | 0 | Salts |
A very unusual situation occurs in a compound dubbed "inverse sodium hydride", which contains H and Na ions. Na is an alkalide, and this compound differs from ordinary sodium hydride in having a much higher energy content due to the net displacement of two electrons from hydrogen to sodium. A derivative of this "inve... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Iron(II,III) oxide, or black iron oxide, is the chemical compound with formula FeO. It occurs in nature as the mineral magnetite. It is one of a number of iron oxides, the others being iron(II) oxide (FeO), which is rare, and iron(III) oxide (FeO) which also occurs naturally as the mineral hematite. It contains both Fe... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
For medical purposes, saline is often used to flush wounds and skin abrasions. However, research indicates that it is no more effective than potable tap water. Normal saline will not burn or sting when applied.
Saline is also used in I.V. therapy, intravenously supplying extra water to rehydrate people or supplying the... | 0 | Salts |
Most alkali metal halides crystallize with the face-centered cubic lattices. In this structure both the metals and halides feature octahedral coordination geometry, in which each ion has a coordination number of six. Caesium chloride, bromide, and iodide crystallize in a body-centered cubic lattice that accommodates c... | 0 | Salts |
In organic synthesis, PPTS is used as a weakly acidic catalyst, providing an organic soluble source of pyridinium (CHNH) ions. For example, PPTS is used to deprotect silyl ethers or tetrahydropyranyl ethers when a substrate is unstable to stronger acid catalysts. It is also a commonly used catalyst for the preparation... | 0 | Salts |
Rheumatologic conditions can be treated in the balneotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and osteoarthritis. The minerals are absorbed while soaking, stimulating blood circulation. | 0 | Salts |
Estropipate was available in the form of 0.75, 1.5, 3, and 6 mg oral tablets and 1.5 mg/gram vaginal cream. Estropipate is no longer available in the United States. | 0 | Salts |
Sodium hydride is sold as a mixture of 60% sodium hydride (w/w) in mineral oil. Such a dispersion is safer to handle and weigh than pure NaH. The compound is often used in this form but the pure grey solid can be prepared by rinsing the commercial product with pentane or tetrahydrofuran, with care being taken because t... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
MoS excels as a lubricating material (see below) due to its layered structure and low coefficient of friction. Interlayer sliding dissipates energy when a shear stress is applied to the material. Extensive work has been performed to characterize the coefficient of friction and shear strength of MoS in various atmospher... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Potash refers to potassium compounds and potassium-bearing materials, most commonly potassium carbonate. The word "potash" originates from the Middle Dutch "potaschen", denoting "pot ashes" in 1477.
The old method of making potassium carbonate () was by collecting or producing wood ash (the occupation of ash burners), ... | 0 | Salts |
Phosphorene is considered a promising anode material for rechargeable batteries, such as Lithium-ion batteries. The interlayer space allows lithium storage and transfer. The layer number and lateral size of phosphorene affect the stability and capacity of the anode. | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid used in a variety of cleansing and lubricating products. In a domestic setting, soaps are surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners, components of some lubricants, and precursors to catalysts.
When ... | 0 | Salts |
Rarely encountered, thioxanthates arise by the reaction of CS with thiolate salts. For example, sodium ethylthioxanthate has the formula CHSCSNa. Dithiocarbamates are also related compounds. They arise from the reaction of a secondary amine with CS. For example, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate has the formula (CH)NCSNa... | 0 | Salts |
In addition to the carbides, other groups of related carbon compounds exist:
*graphite intercalation compounds
*alkali metal fullerides
*endohedral fullerenes, where the metal atom is encapsulated within a fullerene molecule
*metallacarbohedrenes (met-cars) which are cluster compounds containing C units.
*tunable nanop... | 0 | Salts |
The Saltcellar with Portuguese Figures is a salt cellar in carved ivory, made in the Kingdom of Benin in West Africa in the 16th century, for the European market. It is attributed to an unknown master or workshop who has been given the name Master of the Heraldic Ship by art historians. It depicts four Portuguese figur... | 0 | Salts |
Polyvinylcarbazole was discovered by the chemists Walter Reppe (1892-1969), Ernst Keyssner and Eugen Dorrer and patented by I.G. Farben in the USA in 1937. PVC was the first polymer whose photoconductivity was known. Starting in the 1960s, further polymers of this kind were sought. | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Potash deposits are located throughout the world. , deposits are being mined in Canada, Russia, China, Belarus, Israel, Germany, Chile, the United States, Jordan, Spain, the United Kingdom, Uzbekistan and Brazil, with the most significant deposits present under the great depths of the Prairie Evaporite Formation in Sas... | 0 | Salts |
Caliche is used in construction worldwide. Its reserves in the Llano Estacado in Texas can be used in the manufacture of Portland cement; the caliche meets the chemical composition requirements and has been used as a principal raw material in Portland cement production.
The Great House at Casa Grande Ruins National Mo... | 0 | Salts |
Cattierite (CoS), vaesite (NiS) and hauerite (MnS), as well as sperrylite (PtAs) are similar in their structure and belong also to the pyrite group.
is a nickel-cobalt bearing variety of pyrite, with > 50% substitution of Ni for Fe within pyrite. Bravoite is not a formally recognised mineral, and is named after the Pe... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Metal halides are used in high-intensity discharge lamps called metal halide lamps, such as those used in modern street lights. These are more energy-efficient than mercury-vapor lamps, and have much better colour rendition than orange high-pressure sodium lamps. Metal halide lamps are also commonly used in greenhous... | 0 | Salts |
InS features tetrahedral In(III) centers linked to four sulfido ligands.
α-InS has a defect cubic structure. The polymorph undergoes a phase transition at 420 °C and converts to the spinel structure of β-InS. Another phase transition at 740 °C produces the layered γ-InS polymorph.
β-InS has a defect spinel structure.... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
The mineral form of is tellurobismuthite which is moderately rare. There are many natural bismuth tellurides of different stoichiometry, as well as compounds of the Bi-Te-S-(Se) system, like (tetradymite). These bismuth tellurides are part of the tetradymite group of minerals.
Bismuth telluride may be prepared simply... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Gallium(II) selenide (GaSe) is a chemical compound. It has a hexagonal layer structure, similar to that of GaS. It is a photoconductor, a second harmonic generation crystal in nonlinear optics, and has been used as a far-infrared conversion material at 14–31 THz and above. | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Multilayer molybdenite flakes are semiconductors with an indirect bandgap. In contrast, monolayer flakes have a direct gap. In the early years of the 20th century, molybdenite was used in some of the first crude semiconductor diodes, called cat's whisker detectors, which served as a demodulator in early crystal radios... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Another route to the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles is the thermal decomposition of organometallic compounds. For example, heating the metal salen complex bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediiminecobalt(II) ("Co-salen") in air to 500 °C. The precursor Co-salen can be obtained by reacting cobalt(II) acetate tetrahy... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Perxenic acid and the anion are both strong oxidizing agents, capable of oxidising silver(I) to silver(III), copper(II) to copper(III), and manganese(II) to permanganate. The perxenate anion is unstable in acidic solutions, being almost instantaneously reduced to .
The sodium, potassium, and barium salts are soluble. ... | 0 | Salts |
Other concentrations commonly used include:
* Half-normal saline (0.45% NaCl), often with "D5" (5% dextrose), contains 77 mEq/L of Na and Cl and 50 g/L dextrose.
* Quarter-normal saline (0.22% NaCl) has 39 mEq/L of Na and Cl and almost always contains 5% dextrose for osmolality reasons. It can be used alone in neonatal... | 0 | Salts |
Bittern can be used to culture Haloquadratum archaea. Haloquadratum are distinctly square-shaped and are abundant in hypersaline environments such as salt ponds. Their cultivation is necessary for understanding both their ecological function in those environments as well as their unique morphology. The presence of Halo... | 0 | Salts |
The structure of , as determined by X-ray powder diffraction, is primarily hexagonal close-packed system with alternating between layers of lead atoms and iodide atoms, with largely ionic bonding. Weak van der Waals interactions have been observed between lead–iodide layers. The most common stacking forms are 2H and 4H... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Saline was believed to have originated during the Indian Blue cholera pandemic that swept across Europe in 1831. William Brooke OShaughnessy, a recent graduate of Edinburgh Medical School, proposed in an article to medical journal The Lancet to inject people infected with cholera with highly oxygenated salts to treat t... | 0 | Salts |
Pyrite usually forms cuboid crystals, sometimes forming in close association to form raspberry-shaped masses called framboids. However, under certain circumstances, it can form anastomosing filaments or T-shaped crystals.
Pyrite can also form shapes almost the same as a regular dodecahedron, known as pyritohedra, and t... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
As typical for xanthates, potassium amyl xanthate is prepared by reacting n-amyl alcohol with carbon disulfide and potassium hydroxide.
: CH(CH)OH + CS + KOH → CH(CH)OCSK + HO
Potassium amyl xanthate is a pale yellow powder. Its solutions are relatively stable between pH 8 and 13 with a maximum of stability at ... | 0 | Salts |
The cathodes of lithium-ion batteries are often made of lithiated oxides of cobalt, nickel, or manganese, that can readily and reversibly incorporate lithium ions in their molecular structure. Cobalt oxide nanomaterials, such as nanotubes, offer high surface-to-volume ratio and short path lengths for lithium cation tra... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Phosphorene has a thickness dependent direct band gap that changes to 1.88 eV in a monolayer from 0.3 eV in the bulk. Increase in band gap value in single-layer phosphorene is predicted to be caused by the absence of interlayer hybridization near the top of the valence and bottom of the conduction band. A pronounced pe... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
A conventional route entails heating the elements in a seal-tube:
Indium(III) telluride reacts with strong acids to produce hydrogen telluride. | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Uranium dioxide is oxidized in contact with oxygen to the triuranium octaoxide.
:3 UO + O → UO at 700 °C (970 K)
The electrochemistry of uranium dioxide has been investigated in detail as the galvanic corrosion of uranium dioxide controls the rate at which used nuclear fuel dissolves. See spent nuclear fuel for further... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
In some jurisdictions, most bitterns are used for other production instead of being directly discarded. In other jurisdictions each tonne of salt produced can create 3+ tonnes of waste bitterns.
Although bittern generally contains the same compounds as seawater, it is much more concentrated than seawater. If bittern i... | 0 | Salts |
A brine spring or salt spring is a saltwater spring.
Brine springs are not necessarily associated with halite deposits in the immediate vicinity. They may occur at valley bottoms made of clay and gravel which became soggy with brine seeped downslope from the valley sides.
Historically, brine springs have been early sou... | 0 | Salts |
Copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CuO. A black solid, it is one of the two stable oxides of copper, the other being CuO or copper(I) oxide (cuprous oxide). As a mineral, it is known as tenorite. It is a product of copper mining and the precursor to many other copper-containin... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
PVK can be used at temperatures of up to 160 - 170 °C and is therefore a temperature-resistant thermoplastic. The electrical conductivity changes depending on the illumination. For this reason, PVK is classified as a semiconductor or photoconductor. The polymer is extremely brittle, but the brittleness can be reduced b... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Molecular wires conduct electricity. They typically have non-linear current-voltage characteristics, and do not behave as simple ohmic conductors. The conductance follows typical power law behavior as a function of temperature or electric field, whichever is the greater, arising from their strong one-dimensional chara... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
When a salt layer becomes too thin to be an effective detachment layer, due to salt movement, dissolution or removal by faulting, the overburden and the underlying sub-salt basement become effectively welded together. This may cause the development of new faults in the cover sequence and is an important consideration w... | 0 | Salts |
In chemistry, a hydrobromide is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrobromic acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). The compounds are similar to hydrochlorides.
Some drugs are formulated as hydrobromides, e.g. eletriptan hydrobromide. | 0 | Salts |
The kingdom of Benin existed in the southwestern region of Nigeria in modern Edo state, Nigeria. According to scholars the kingdom of Benin (also known as the Edo Kingdom, or the Benin Empire) originated around the year 900 by the Ogiso kings, it is said between the eleventh and the thirteenth a member from the Oba dyn... | 0 | Salts |
Molybdenum disulfide is a host for formation of intercalation compounds. This behavior is relevant to its use as a cathode material in batteries. One example is a lithiated material, . With butyl lithium, the product is . | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
The β-InS polymorph, in powdered form, can irritate eyes, skin and respiratory organs. It is toxic if swallowed, but can be handled safely under conventional laboratory conditions. It should be handled with gloves, and care should be taken to keep from inhaling the compound, and to keep it from contact with the eyes. | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Alkali metal and alkaline earth soaps are white solids. The most commonly encountered are traditional household soaps, which are the fatty acid salts of sodium (hard soap) and potassium (soft soap). Lithium soap or greases, such as lithium stearate, are insoluble in water and find use in lubricating grease.
Calcium an... | 0 | Salts |
Most of the world reserves of potassium (K) were deposited as sea water in ancient inland oceans. After the water evaporated, the potassium salts crystallized into beds of potash ore. These are the locations where potash is being mined today. The deposits are a naturally occurring mixture of potassium chloride (KCl) an... | 0 | Salts |
Silver telluride (AgTe) is a chemical compound, a telluride of silver, also known as disilver telluride or silver(I) telluride. It forms a monoclinic crystal. In a wider sense, silver telluride can be used to denote AgTe (silver(II) telluride, a metastable compound) or AgTe.
Silver(I) telluride occurs naturally as the ... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Quenching is a heat-treatment process when forging metals such as steel. A brine solution, along with oil and other substances, is commonly used to harden steel. When brine is used, there is an enhanced uniformity of the cooling process and heat transfer. | 0 | Salts |
Copper(I) thiocyanate is a hole conductor, a semiconductor with a wide band gap (3.6 eV, therefore transparent to visible and near infrared light). It is used in photovoltaics in some third-generation cells as a hole transfer layer. It acts as a P-type semiconductor and as a solid-state electrolyte. It is often used in... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Counterions are the mobile ions in ion exchange polymers and colloids. Ion-exchange resins are polymers with a net negative or positive charge. Cation-exchange resins consist of an anionic polymer with countercations, typically Na (sodium). The resin has a higher affinity for highly charged countercations, for example ... | 0 | Salts |
Phosphorene is a promising candidate for flexible nano systems due to its ultra-thin nature with ideal electrostatic control and superior mechanical flexibility. Researchers have demonstrated the flexible transistors, circuits and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sd6JGbKmvUY AM demodulator] based on few-layer phosphoru... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
As bipyridinium derivatives, the viologens are related to 4,4'-bipyridyl. The basic nitrogen centers in these compounds are alkylated to give viologens:
:(CHN) + 2 RX → [(CHNR)](X)
The alkylation is a form of quaternization. When the alkylating agent is a small alkyl halide, such as methyl chloride or methyl b... | 0 | Salts |
is employed as a cocatalyst for desulfurization in petrochemistry, for example, hydrodesulfurization. The effectiveness of the catalysts is enhanced by doping with small amounts of cobalt or nickel. The intimate mixture of these sulfides is supported on alumina. Such catalysts are generated in situ by treating molybda... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Salinity is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in a body of water. As well, salinity influences the kinds of plants that will grow either in a water body, or on land fed by a water (or by a groundwater). A plant adapted to saline conditions is called a halophy... | 0 | Salts |
Coral calcium has been promoted as an alternative treatment or cure for a number of health conditions, often as part of an alkaline diet, by Robert Barefoot and others; Barefoot coauthored a book called The Calcium Factor, and marketed coral calcium supplements with infomercials. According to a Time magazine article a... | 0 | Salts |
Bismuth antimonides, Bismuth-antimonys, or Bismuth-antimony alloys, (BiSb) are binary alloys of bismuth and antimony in various ratios.
Some, in particular BiSb, were the first experimentally-observed three-dimensional topological insulators, materials that have conducting surface states but have an insulating interior... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Salts are characteristically insulators. Although they contain charged atoms or clusters, these materials do not typically conduct electricity to any significant extent when the substance is solid. In order to conduct, the charged particles must be mobile rather than stationary in a crystal lattice. This is achieved to... | 0 | Salts |
Graphitic carbon nitride can be made by polymerization of cyanamide, dicyandiamide or melamine. The firstly formed polymeric CN structure, melon, with pendant amino groups, is a highly ordered polymer. Further reaction leads to more condensed and less defective CN species, based on tri-s-triazine (CN) units as elementa... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Sodium ethyl xanthate can be identified through optical absorption peaks in the infrared (1179, 1160, 1115, 1085 cm) and ultraviolet (300 nm) ranges. There are at least six chemical detection methods:
#Iodometric method relies on oxidation to dixanthogen by iodine, with the product detected with a starch indicator. T... | 0 | Salts |
Indium(III) sulfide (Indium sesquisulfide, Indium sulfide (2:3), Indium (3+) sulfide) is the inorganic compound with the formula InS.
It has a "rotten egg" odor characteristic of sulfur compounds, and produces hydrogen sulfide gas when reacted with mineral acids.
Three different structures ("polymorphs") are known: yel... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Consider two-level systems at different positions in space.
Maxwell's equations lead to a coupling among all the optical resonances since the field emitted from a specific resonance interferes with the emitted fields of all other resonances.
As a result, the system is characterized by eigenmodes originating from the ... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
To make , sea salt is packed into bamboo canisters and sealed with yellow clay. The mixture is baked in an iron oven and roasted in a pine fire.
A bamboo stem is filled with bay salt produced from Korea's west coast, sealed with red clay, and baked in a kiln with pine tree firewood. The baked salt lumps harden after ba... | 0 | Salts |
Although not commercially significant sodium hydride has been proposed for hydrogen storage for use in fuel cell vehicles. In one experimental implementation, plastic pellets containing NaH are crushed in the presence of water to release the hydrogen. One challenge with this technology is the regeneration of NaH from... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Indium(III) telluride (InTe) is a inorganic compound. A black solid, it is sometimes described as an intermetallic compound, because it has properties that are metal-like and salt like. It is a semiconductor that has attracted occasional interest for its thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications. No applications ha... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
On passive margins where salt is present, such as the Gulf of Mexico, salt tectonics largely control the evolution of deep-water sedimentary systems; for example submarine channels, as modern and ancient case studies show. | 0 | Salts |
Concentrations lower and higher than normal also exist. High concentrations are used rarely in medicine but frequently in molecular biology. | 0 | Salts |
MoS@Fe-N-C core/shell nanosphere with atomic Fe-doped surface and interface (MoS/Fe-N-C) can be used as a used an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) bifunctionally because of reduced energy barrier due to Fe-N dopants and unique nature of MoS/Fe-N-C interface. | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
For a realistic description of optical processes in solid materials, it is essential to go beyond the simple picture of the optical Bloch equations and to treat many-body interactions that describe the coupling among the elementary material excitations by, e.g., the see article Coulomb interaction between the electrons... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Salinity in drylands can occur when the water table is between two and three metres from the surface of the soil. The salts from the groundwater are raised by capillary action to the surface of the soil. This occurs when groundwater is saline (which is true in many areas), and is favored by land use practices allowing... | 0 | Salts |
Diquat is an isomer of viologens, being derived from 2,2-bipyridine (instead of the 4,4-isomer). It also is a potent herbicide that functions by disrupting electron-transfer.
Extended viologens have been developed based on conjugated oligomers such as based on aryl, ethylene, and thiophene units are inserted between th... | 0 | Salts |
Salinity from irrigation can occur over time wherever irrigation occurs, since almost all water (even natural rainfall) contains some dissolved salts. When the plants use the water, the salts are left behind in the soil and eventually begin to accumulate. This water in excess of plant needs is called the leaching fract... | 0 | Salts |
A variety of methods are available for hobbyists to make soap. Most soapmakers use processes where the glycerol remains in the product, and the saponification continues for many days after the soap is poured into molds. The glycerol is left during the hot process method, but at the high temperature employed, the reacti... | 0 | Salts |
Copper(II) chloride has some highly specialized applications in the synthesis of organic compounds. It affects the chlorination of aromatic hydrocarbons—this is often performed in the presence of aluminium oxide. It is able to chlorinate the alpha position of carbonyl compounds:
This reaction is performed in a po... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
* Antibiotic misuse
* Dishwashing soap
* Foam
* List of cleaning products
* Hand washing
* Palm oil
* Soap bubble
* Soap dish
* Soap dispenser
* Soap plant
* Soap substitute
* Soapwort
* Shampoo
* Shower gel
* Toothpaste
* Soap made from human corpses | 0 | Salts |
The discharge is generally dumped back into the sea, through an underwater outfall or coastal release, due to its lower energy and economic cost compared to other discharge methods. Due to its increase in salinity, the discharge has a greater density compared to the surrounding seawater. Therefore, when the discharge r... | 0 | Salts |
Brine is a common agent in food processing and cooking. Brining is used to preserve or season the food. Brining can be applied to vegetables, cheeses, fruit and some fish in a process known as pickling. Meat and fish are typically steeped in brine for shorter periods of time, as a form of marination, enhancing its tend... | 0 | Salts |
Salinity in rivers, lakes, and the ocean is conceptually simple, but technically challenging to define and measure precisely. Conceptually the salinity is the quantity of dissolved salt content of the water. Salts are compounds like sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and sodium bicarbonate which dis... | 0 | Salts |
In chemistry, a halide (rarely halogenide) is a binary chemical compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative (or more electropositive) than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, astatide, or theoretically tennesside compound... | 0 | Salts |
In chemistry, a thioxanthate is an organosulfur compound with the formula RSCSX. When X is an alkali metal, the thioxanthate is a salt. When X is a transition metal, the thioxanthate is a ligand, and when X is an organic group, the compounds are called thioxanthate esters. They are usually yellow colored compounds th... | 0 | Salts |
Selenosulfides have been prepared by the reaction of selenyl halides with thiols:
The equilibrium between diselenides and disulfides lies on the left:
:RSeSeR + RSSR 2 RSeSR'
Because of the facility of this equilibrium, many of the best characterized examples of selenosulfides are cyclic, whereby S-Se bonds are sta... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
One class of inorganic molecular wires consist of subunits related to Chevrel clusters. The synthesis of MoSI was performed in sealed and vacuumed quartz ampoule at 1343 K. In MoSI, the repeat units are MoSI clusters, which are joined together by flexible sulfur or iodine bridges.
Chains can also be produced from metal... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
Brine is an auxiliary agent in water softening and water purification systems involving ion exchange technology. The most common example are household dishwashers, utilizing sodium chloride in form of dishwasher salt. Brine is not involved in the purification process itself, but used for regeneration of ion-exchange re... | 0 | Salts |
Methods have been developed for the synthesis of diverse types of molecular wires (e.g. organic molecular wires and inorganic molecular wires). The basic principle is to assemble repeating modules. Organic molecular wires are usually synthesized via transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions. | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
NaH reduces certain main group compounds, but analogous reactivity is very rare in organic chemistry (see below). Notably boron trifluoride reacts to give diborane and sodium fluoride:
:6 NaH + 2 BF → BH + 6 NaF
Si–Si and S–S bonds in disilanes and disulfides are also reduced.
A series of reduction reactions, including... | 1 | Semiconductor Materials |
By the 18th century, higher quality American potash was increasingly exported to Britain. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, potash production provided settlers in North America badly needed cash and credit as they cleared wooded land for crops. To make full use of their land, settlers needed to dispose of exce... | 0 | Salts |
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