ChemTEB Classification Datasets
Collection
Chemical Classification Datasets for Evaluating Text Embedding Models • 19 items • Updated
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All five families of luminescent beetle, Phengodidae, Rhagophthalidae, Elateridae, Sinopyrophoridae, and Lampyridae are categorized into the Lampyroid clade. It has been determined that the luciferases and luciferin protein expressed in the photocytes of all species of firefly is homologous with that expressed in beetl... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
* BMS-986121: μ-PAM
* BMS-986122: μ-PAM
* Ignavine
* Oxytocin: μ-PAM
* δ-PAM (see reference)
* Cannabidiol
* Tetrahydrocannabinol
* Sodium (Na) | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Sertraline and amitriptyline inhibit butyrylcholinesterase and cause prolonged paralysis. Mivacurium causes prolonged paralysis for patients chronically taking sertraline. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
During neurotransmission, the pre-synaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft which bind to cognate receptors expressed on the post-synaptic neuron. Based upon the interaction between the transmitter and receptor, neurotransmitters may trigger a variety of effects in the post-synaptic cell, such... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Ligand-gated ion channels (LICs, LGIC), also commonly referred to as ionotropic receptors, are a group of transmembrane ion-channel proteins which open to allow ions such as Na, K, Ca, and/or Cl to pass through the membrane in response to the binding of a chemical messenger (i.e. a ligand), such as a neurotransmitter.
... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
The chemical reaction that is responsible for bio-luminescence is catalyzed by the enzyme luciferase. In the presence of oxygen, luciferase catalyzes the oxidation of an organic molecule called luciferin. Though bio-luminescence across a diverse range of organisms such as bacteria, insects, and dinoflagellates functio... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Among the TrkA agonists, the small molecule gambogic amide exerts a potent neurotrophic activity decreasing apoptosis in primary hippocampal neurons. The non-peptidic TrkA agonist MT2 protects neurons from Aβ amyloid-mediated death in NGF-deficient neurons and talaumidin and its derivatives show neuroprotective effects... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
A number of different structural domains that fold mostly on their own have been found in the APP sequence. The extracellular region, much larger than the intracellular region, is divided into the E1 and E2 domains, linked by an acidic domain (AcD); E1 contains two subdomains including a growth factor-like domain (GFLD... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Photoactivated guanylyl cyclases have been discovered in the aquatic fungi Blastocladiella emersonii and Catenaria anguillulae. Unlike PACs, these light-activated cyclases use retinal as their light sensor and are therefore rhodopsin guanylyl cyclases (RhGC). When expressed in Xenopus oocytes or mammalian neurons, RhGC... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relat... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
These drugs fall into two groups:
*Non-depolarizing blocking agents: These agents constitute the majority of the clinically relevant neuromuscular blockers. They act by competitively blocking the binding of ACh to its receptors, and in some cases, they also directly block the ionotropic activity of the ACh receptors.
... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Adrenaline stimulates photocytes to emit light for many species of fish. It is believed that sympathetic nervous impulses provide the stimulus that causes photocytes to emit light. | 1 | Bioluminescence |
The endocannabinoid system is by molecular phylogenetic distribution of apparently ancient lipids in the plant kingdom, indicative of biosynthetic plasticity and potential physiological roles of endocannabinoid-like lipids in plants, and detection of arachidonic acid (AA) indicates chemotaxonomic connections between mo... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Homovanillic acid (HVA) is a major catecholamine metabolite that is produced by a consecutive action of monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase on dopamine. Homovanillic acid is used as a reagent to detect oxidative enzymes, and is associated with dopamine levels in the brain.
In psychiatry and neuroscience,... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
The light-producing chemistry behind bioluminescence varies across the lineages of bioluminescent organisms. Based on this observation, bioluminescence is believed to have evolved independently at least 40 times. In bioluminescent bacteria, the reclassification of the members ofVibrio fischeri species group as a new ge... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
SK3 (small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel 3) also known as K2.3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNN3 gene.
SK3 is a small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel partly responsible for the calcium-dependent after hyperpolarisation current (I). It belongs to a family of channels k... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Roderick MacKinnon commissioned Birth of an Idea, a tall sculpture based on the KcsA potassium channel. The artwork contains a wire object representing the channel's interior with a blown glass object representing the main cavity of the channel structure. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
A repeat polymorphism of cytosines and adenines (CA) was found to be near BCYRN1 and was used as a reference for mapping the gene. Linkage mapping and radiation hybrid mapping localized the BCYRN1 gene to chromosome 2p16.
As a long non-coding cytoplasmic RNA, BC200 RNA is a part of the largest group of non-coding trans... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
An amino acid neurotransmitter is an amino acid which is able to transmit a nerve message across a synapse. Neurotransmitters (chemicals) are packaged into vesicles that cluster beneath the axon terminal membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse in a process called endocytosis.
Amino acid neurotransmitter release... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Glutamatergic means "related to glutamate". A glutamatergic agent (or drug) is a chemical that directly modulates the excitatory amino acid (glutamate/aspartate) system in the body or brain. Examples include excitatory amino acid receptor agonists, excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists, and excitatory amino acid r... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Because channels underlie the nerve impulse and because "transmitter-activated" channels mediate conduction across the synapses, channels are especially prominent components of the nervous system. Indeed, numerous toxins that organisms have evolved for shutting down the nervous systems of predators and prey (e.g., the ... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
The SK channel family contains 4 members – SK1, SK2, SK3, and SK4. SK4 is often referred to as IK (Intermediate conductance) due to its higher conductance 20 – 80 pS. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
p75NTR functions in a complex with Nogo-66 receptor (NgR1) to mediate RhoA-dependent inhibition of growth of regenerating axons exposed to inhibitory proteins of CNS myelin, such as Nogo, MAG or OMgP. Without p75NTR, OMgP can activate RhoA and inhibit CNS axon regeneration. Coexpression of p75NTR and OMgP suppress Rho... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
There are two classes of receptors for neurotrophins: p75 and the "Trk" family of Tyrosine kinases receptors. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
The wide-ranged biological purposes of bio-luminescence include but are not limited to attraction of mates, defense against predators, and warning signals. In the case of bioluminescent bacteria, bio-luminescence mainly serves as a form of dispersal. It has been hypothesized that enteric bacteria (bacteria that survive... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Excitatory amino acids (EAA) will activate post-synaptic cells. inhibitory amino acids (IAA) depress the activity of post-synaptic cells. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. AD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of cognitive functioning - thinking, remembering and reasoning- and behavioral abilities to such an extent that it interferes with a persons daily life and activities. The neuropathol... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
The need for fluorescently tracking RNA rose as its roles in complex cellular functions has grown to not only include mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA, but also RNAi, siRNA, snoRNA, and lncRNA, among others. Spinach is a synthetically derived RNA aptamer born out of the need for a way of studying the role of RNAs at the cellular l... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Photoactivated adenylyl cyclase (PAC) is a protein consisting of an adenylyl cyclase enzyme domain directly linked to a BLUF (blue light receptor using FAD) type light sensor domain. When illuminated with blue light, the enzyme domain becomes active and converts ATP to cAMP, an important second messenger in many cells.... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
The Gill Mantle ("Txampaysye" in Navi) is a large jellyfish like creature native to Pandoras reefs. The Navi can bond with them in the water, which can supply them with oxygen through the water allowing Navi to remain underwater much longer. They are primarily used by Kiri throughout Avatar: The Way of Water. | 1 | Bioluminescence |
The word proteomics was first used in 1994 by Marc Wilkins as the study of “the protein equivalent of a genome”. It is defined as all of the proteins expressed in a biological system under specific physiologic conditions at a certain point in time. It can change with any biochemical alteration, and so it can only be d... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
In some clinical circumstances, succinylcholine may be administered before and after a nondepolarising NMBA or two different nondepolarising NMBAs are administered in sequence. Combining different NMBAs can result in different degrees of neuromuscular block and management should be guided with the use of a neuromuscula... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
FET framework was proposed to simplify classifications of psychiatric disorders (DSM, ICD) using 12 functional aspects of behaviour that this model highlights. Clinical studies showed good differential power of the FET framework for various diagnoses of psychopathology. For example, depressed people had low endurance a... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Aequorin is presumably encoded in the genome of Aequorea. At least four copies of the gene were recovered as cDNA from the animal. Because the genome has not been sequenced, it is unclear if the cDNA variants can account for all of the isoforms of the protein. | 1 | Bioluminescence |
The thanator (Palulukan in Navi) is a large hexapodal land predator that is believed, by the RDA, to be the apex land predator. It is scientifically known as Bestiapanthera ferox. Cameron personally designed the creature. The thanator is first seen when Jake wanders off into the jungle and touches multiple helicoradian... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
In dendritic spines, SK channels are directly coupled to NMDA receptors. In addition to being activated by calcium flow through voltage-gated calcium channels, SK channels can be activated by calcium flowing through NMDA receptors, which occurs after depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. Experiments using apami... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Mechanical stimulation to spines on the arm can cause Amphiura filiformis to bioluminesce in the blue range. The species has been found to possess a luciferase compound. The luciferase has been isolated to clusters of photocytes that exist at the tip off the arms and around the spines. What are believed to be photocyte... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
In the 1960s and 1970s, GFP, along with the separate luminescent protein aequorin (an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of luciferin, releasing light), was first purified from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its properties studied by Osamu Shimomura. In A. victoria, GFP fluorescence occurs when aequorin interact... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Protein separate techniques, such as 2D PAGE, are limited in that they cannot handle very high or low molecular weight protein species. Alternative methods have been developed to deal with such cases. These include liquid chromatography mass spectrometry along with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropho... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
The Pandoran biosphere is a fictional habitat introduced in James Camerons 2009 science fiction film Avatar. The ecology of the lush exomoon Pandora, which teems with a biodiversity of bioluminescent species ranging from hexapodal animals to other types of exotic fauna and flora, forms a vast neural network spanning t... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
The regulation of bio-luminescence in bacteria is achieved through the regulation of the oxidative enzyme called luciferase. It is important that bio-luminescent bacteria decrease production rates of luciferase when the population is sparse in number in order to conserve energy. Thus, bacterial bioluminescence is regul... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Neuropeptidergic means "related to neuropeptides".
A neuropeptidergic agent (or drug) is a chemical which functions to directly modulate the neuropeptide systems in the body or brain. An example is opioidergics. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Very few parts of the sympathetic system use cholinergic receptors. In sweat glands the receptors are of the muscarinic type. The sympathetic nervous system also has some preganglionic nerves terminating at the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, which secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream. S... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
A photophore is a glandular organ that appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye; equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters and reflectors, however unlike an eye it is optimized to produce light, not absorb it. The bi... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Neurotrophin binding to p75NTR activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) signaling pathway causing apoptosis of developing neurons. JNK, through a series of intermediates, activates p53 and p53 activates Bax which initiates apoptosis. TrkA can prevent p75NTR-mediated JNK pathway apoptosis. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Excitotoxicity can occur from substances produced within the body (endogenous excitotoxins). Glutamate is a prime example of an excitotoxin in the brain, and it is also the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals. During normal conditions, glutamate concentration can be increased up t... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad, long-lasting signal. This... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Using Kickstarter, the project's founders raised $484,000 on June 8, 2013. This was significantly more than the initial target of $65,000.
Seeds were initially scheduled to be delivered in April 2014, and subsequently scheduled for the fall of 2014. In March 2016, delivery of seeds was forecast for 2016 on the Glowing ... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Photochemical conversion occurs due to interactions between the chromophoric unit and residues in its vicinity. Glu-212 functions as a base that removes a proton from His-62 aiding in the cleavage of the His-62-Nα-Cα bond. Replacing Glu-212 with glutamine prevents photoconversion. At low pH, the yield of Eos involved ... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Photoactivatable fluorescent proteins (PAFPs) is a type of fluorescent protein that exhibit fluorescence that can be modified by a light-induced chemical reaction. | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Gallamine triethiodide is originally developed for preventing muscle contractions during surgical procedures. However, it is no longer marketed in the United States according to the FDA orange book. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
The M muscarinic receptors are located in the heart and lungs. In the heart, they act to slow the heart rate down below the normal baseline sinus rhythm, by slowing the speed of depolarization. In humans, under resting conditions, vagal activity dominates over sympathetic activity. Hence, inhibition of M receptors (e.... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Neurotransmitter systems are systems of neurons in the brain expressing certain types of neurotransmitters, and thus form distinct systems. Activation of the system causes effects in large volumes of the brain, called volume transmission. Volume transmission is the diffusion of neurotransmitters through the brain extra... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Scintillons are small structures in cytoplasm that produce light. Among bioluminescent organisms, only dinoflagellates have scintillons. | 1 | Bioluminescence |
JNK can directly phosphorylate Bim-EL, a splicing isoform of Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), which activates Bim-EL apoptotic activity. JNK activation is required for apoptosis but c-jun, a protein in the JNK signaling pathway, is not always required. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Induced metabolic bioluminescence imaging (imBI) is used to obtain a metabolic snapshot of biological tissues. Metabolites that may be quantified through imBI include glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ATP, glucose-6-phosphate, or D2-hydroxygluturate. imBI can be used to determine the lactate concentration of tumors or to mea... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
K2.3 channels play a major role in human physiology, particularly in smooth muscle relaxation. The expression level of K2.3 channels in the endothelium influences arterial tone by setting arterial smooth muscle membrane potential. The sustained activity of K2.3 channels induces a sustained hyperpolarisation of the endo... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
At the spinal cord, cannabinoids suppress noxious-stimulus-evoked responses of neurons in the dorsal horn, possibly by modulating descending noradrenaline input from the brainstem. As many of these fibers are primarily GABAergic, cannabinoid stimulation in the spinal column results in disinhibition that should increase... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor has been shown to interact with:
* FSCN1,
* MAGEH1,
* NDN,
* NGFRAP1
* NGF,
* PRKACB,
* TRAF2, and
* TRAF4.
*Nogo-66 receptor
*c-Jun N-terminal kinases
* RhoA
* Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI)
*NF-kB
*Neurotrophin-3
*Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
*Neurotrophi... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Peripheral expression of cannabinoid receptors led researchers to investigate the role of cannabinoids in the autonomic nervous system. Research found that the CB receptor is expressed presynaptically by motor neurons that innervate visceral organs. Cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of electric potentials results in a re... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Cannabinoid binding sites exist throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. The two most relevant receptors for cannabinoids are the CB and CB receptors, which are expressed predominantly in the brain and immune system respectively. Density of expression varies based on species and correlates with the effica... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
By the time Loewi began his experiments there was much discussion among scientists whether communication between nerves and muscles was chemical or electrical by nature. Experiments by Luigi Galvani in the 18th century had demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the frog sciatic nerve resulted in twitching of the l... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Also at the Janelia Research Campus, a new fluorescent molecules known as CaMPARI (calcium-modulated photoactivatable ratiometric integrator) was developed using EosFP. The permanent green to red conversion signal was coupled with a calcium-sensitive protein, calmodulin, so that color change in the fusion construct de... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Bioluminescence is the process of light emission in living organisms. Bioluminescence imaging utilizes native light emission from one of several organisms which bioluminesce, also known as luciferase enzymes. The three main sources are the North American firefly, the sea pansy (and related marine organisms), and bacter... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Luciferases can be produced in the lab through genetic engineering for a number of purposes. Luciferase genes can be synthesized and inserted into organisms or transfected into cells. As of 2002, mice, silkworms, and potatoes are just a few of the organisms that have already been engineered to produce the protein.
In ... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Neuromelanin (NM) is a dark pigment found in the brain which is structurally related to melanin. It is a polymer of 5,6-dihydroxyindole monomers. Neuromelanin is found in large quantities in catecholaminergic cells of the substantia nigra pars compacta and locus coeruleus, giving a dark color to the structures. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Alzheimers disease is the most common cause of severe memory impairment and is caused by senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, dystrophic neuritis, and neuronal loss. It is thought that Alzheimers disease may be due to unnecessary protein accumulation of β Amyloid. In fact, Senile plaques are dense, protein deposits... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
The amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP), and all associated secretases, are expressed early in development and play a key role in the endocrinology of reproduction – with the differential processing of AβPP by secretases regulating human embryonic stem cell (hESC) proliferation as well as their differentiation into neur... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Life That Glows (also known as David Attenborough’s Light on Earth) is a 2016 British nature documentary programme made for BBC Television, first shown in the UK on BBC Two on 9 May 2016. The programme is presented and narrated by Sir David Attenborough.
Life That Glows depicts the biology and ecology of bioluminescent... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
As PACs consist of a light sensor and an enzyme in a single protein, they can be expressed in other species and cell types to manipulate cAMP levels with light. When bPAC is expressed in mouse sperm, blue light illumination speeds up the swimming of transgenic sperm cells and aids fertilization. When expressed in neuro... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
*Dystonia: involuntary muscle contractions
*Axial hypotonia: low muscle tone and strength
*Dysarthria: impairment in muscles used for speech
*Muscle stiffness and tremors
*Seizures
*Coordination and balance impairment
*Oculogyric crises: abnormal rotation of the eyes
The oculogyric crises usually occur in the later h... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Huntingtons disease is characterized by cognitive impairments. There is increased expression of p75NTR in the hippocampus of Huntingtons disease patients (including mice models and humans). Over expression of p75NTR in mice causes cognitive impairments similar to Huntingtons disease. p75NTR is linked to reduced number... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Coelenterazine is widely found in marine organisms including:
*radiolarians
*ctenophores
*cnidarians such as Aequorea victoria, Obelia geniculata and Renilla reniformis
*squid such as Watasenia scintillans and Vampyroteuthis infernalis
*shrimp such as Systellaspis debilis and Oplophorus gracilirostris
*copepods such as... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Neuroproteomics has the difficult task of defining on a molecular level the pathways of consciousness, senses, and self. Neurological disorders are unique in that they do not always exhibit outward symptoms. Defining the disorders becomes difficult and so neuroproteomics is a step in the right direction of identifying... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
The austrapede (Tspìng in Navi) is a Pandoran creature that resembles a cross between an ostrich, a pink flamingo and the herbivorous dinosaur Parasaurolophus. The Austrapede has yellow-orange skin with faint purple striping, a long, flat beak, and a flat tail reaching down to its feet. Unlike other Pandoran birds and ... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
A neurochemical is a small organic molecule or peptide that participates in neural activity. The science of neurochemistry studies the functions of neurochemicals. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Marine dinoflagellates at night can emit blue light by bioluminescence, a process also called "the phosphorescence of the seas". Light production in these single celled organisms is produced by small structures in the cytoplasm called scintillons. Among bioluminescent organisms, only dinoflagellates have scintillons. I... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
In neurons of the human brain, somatic recombination occurs frequently in the gene that encodes APP. Neurons from individuals with sporadic Alzheimers disease show greater APP' gene diversity due to somatic recombination than neurons from healthy individuals. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitors (eCBRIs), also called cannabinoid reuptake inhibitors (CBRIs), are drugs which limit the reabsorption of endocannabinoid neurotransmitters by the releasing neuron. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Monoaminergic means "working on monoamine neurotransmitters", which include serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and histamine.
A monoaminergic, or monoaminergic drug, is a chemical, which functions to directly modulate the serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and/or histamine neurotransmitter... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
The diagnosis of SR deficiency is based on the analysis of the pterins and biogenic amines found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the brain. The pterin compound functions as a cofactor in enzyme catalysis and biogenic amines which include adrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin have functions that vary from the control ... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Coelenteramide is the oxidized product, or oxyluciferin, of the bioluminescent reactions in many marine organisms that use coelenterazine. It was first isolated as a blue fluorescent protein from Aequorea victoria after the animals were stimulated to emit light. Under basic conditions, the compound will break down furt... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Sortilin is required for many apoptosis-promoting p75NTR reactions, functioning as a co-receptor for the binding of neurotrophins such as BDNF. pro-neurotrophins (such as proBDNF) bind especially well to p75NTR when sortilin is present. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Also well studied is the sea pansy, Renilla reniformis. In this organism, the luciferase (Renilla-luciferin 2-monooxygenase) is closely associated with a luciferin-binding protein as well as a green fluorescent protein (GFP). Calcium triggers release of the luciferin (coelenterazine) from the luciferin binding protein.... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Catecholaminergic cell groups refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain one of the neurotransmitters dopamine or norepinephrine. Thus, it represents the combination of dopaminergic cell groups and noradrenergic cell groups. Some a... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Dark pigments in the substantia nigra were first described in 1838 by Purkyně, and the term neuromelanin was proposed in 1957 by Lillie, though it has been thought to serve no function until recently. It is now believed to play a vital role in preventing cell death in certain parts of the brain. It has been linked to P... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Biophotons (from the Greek βίος meaning "life" and φῶς meaning "light") are photons of light in the ultraviolet and low visible light range that are produced by a biological system. They are non-thermal in origin, and the emission of biophotons is technically a type of bioluminescence, though bioluminescence is gene... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Another role for these receptors is at the junction of the innervated tissues and the postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Here acetylcholine is again used as a neurotransmitter, and muscarinic receptors form the principal receptors on the innervated tissue. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
The main difference is in the reversal of these two types of neuromuscular-blocking drugs.
* Non-depolarizing blockers are reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs since non-depolarizing blockers are competitive antagonists at the ACh receptor so can be reversed by increases in ACh.
* The depolarizing blockers... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Cannabinoidergic, or cannabinergic, means "working on the endocannabinoid neurotransmitters". As with terms such as dopaminergic and serotonergic, related proteins and cellular components involved endocannabinoid signaling, such as the cannabinoid (CB) receptor, as well as exogenous compounds, such as phytocannabinoid... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Bioluminescence has only been observed in three classes of mollusks: Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, and Bivalvia. Bioluminescence is widely spread among cephalopods, but much rarer among the other classes of mollusk. Most species of biolumenescent mollusk that have been discovered are found in the ocean with the exception of... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Chemical substances can modulate the activity of ion channels, for example by blocking or activating them. | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Light production in Porichthys notatus has been found to be triggered through an adrenergic mechanism. The sympathetic nervous system of the fish is responsible for triggering bioluminescence in the photocytes. As a response to being triggered by an norepinepherine, epinephrine, or phenylephrine, the photocyte exhibits... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
The protein structure of firefly luciferase consists of two compact domains: the N-terminal domain and the C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain is composed of two β-sheets in an αβαβα structure and a β barrel. The two β-sheets stack on top of each other, with the β-barrel covering the end of the sheets.
The C-termi... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
The major neurotransmitter systems are the noradrenaline (norepinephrine) system, the dopamine system, the serotonin system, and the cholinergic system. Drugs targeting the neurotransmitter of such systems affect the whole system, which explains the mode of action of many drugs.
Most other neurotransmitters, on the oth... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Both the fluorescence excitation and emission spectrums of wild-type EosFP are shifted ~65 nm to the right upon excitation toward the red end of the spectrum. This spectral change is caused by an extension of the chromophore accompanied by a break in the peptide backbone between Phe-61 and His-62 in an irreversible me... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
Aequorin is a calcium-activated photoprotein isolated from the hydrozoan Aequorea victoria. Its bioluminescence was studied decades before the protein was isolated from the animal by Osamu Shimomura in 1962. In the animal, the protein occurs together with the green fluorescent protein to produce green light by resonant... | 1 | Bioluminescence |
The AMPA receptor (AMPAR) is the engine that drives excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). While some forms of the AMPAR can conduct calcium, most AMPARs found in the neocortex do not. The AMPAR, upon binding two glutamate molecules, undergoes a conformational change that resembles the opening of a clam shell. Thi... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Curare is a crude extract from certain South American plants in the genera Strychnos and Chondrodendron, originally brought to Europe by explorers such as Walter Raleigh Edward Bancroft, a chemist and physician in the 16th century brought samples of crude curare from South America back to the Old-World. The effect of c... | 0 | Neurochemistry |
Latia luciferin is, in terms of chemistry, (E)-2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-1-yl)-1-buten-1-ol formate and is from the freshwater snail Latia neritoides. | 1 | Bioluminescence |
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Wikipedia Bioluminescence vs Neurochemistry Binary Classification
This dataset is derived from the English Wikipedia articles and is designed for binary text classification tasks in the fields of bioluminescence and neurochemistry. The dataset is divided into two classes based on the thematic content of the articles:
- Bioluminescence: This class includes articles that focus on bioluminescence, the natural emission of light by living organisms. Topics may cover the biochemical mechanisms behind bioluminescence, its ecological roles, and examples of bioluminescent organisms such as fireflies, certain fungi, and marine creatures.
- Neurochemistry: This class comprises articles related to neurochemistry, the study of chemicals, including neurotransmitters and other molecules, that influence and regulate the nervous system. Topics may include the chemical processes underlying brain function, the role of various neurotransmitters, and the biochemical basis of neurological disorders.
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