BaekSeungJu/TopicwiseEval-Dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

Question stringlengths 6 846	Choice A stringlengths 1 208	Choice B stringlengths 1 160	Choice C stringlengths 1 216	Choice D stringlengths 1 226	Choice E stringlengths 1 145	answer stringclasses 5 values	answer_text stringlengths 1 226	topic stringclasses 19 values
The most helpful test for evaluating macular function in a patient with advanced cataract is	blue field entoptic phenomenon	2-light separation	red-light discrimination	directional light projection	nan	b	2-light separation	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Ectopia lentis is least likely to be associated with	cleft palate	pectus excavatum	short stature	mental retardation	nan	a	cleft palate	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Anterior segment signs of ciliary body melanoma include all of the following except	corneal edema	increased IOP	astigmatism	cataract	nan	a	corneal edema	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Which of the following is least characteristic of ICE syndrome?	corneal edema	increased IOP	ectropion uveae	PAS	nan	b	increased IOP	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
The crystalline lens is formed from which embryologic tissue?	neural crest	ectoderm	mesoderm	endoderm	nan	b	ectoderm	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
A stellate anterior subcapsular cataract is most likely to be found in a patient with	Fabry’s disease	atopic dermatitis	myotonic dystrophy	electrical injury	nan	d	electrical injury	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
The most useful diagnostic test in an infant with an oil-droplet cataract is	urine amino acids	calcium	TORCH titers	urine reducing substances	nan	d	urine reducing substances	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Which of the following does not occur in siderosis bulbi?	glaucoma	retinal atrophy	sunflower cataract	fixed pupil	nan	c	sunflower cataract	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
A patient has a history of increased IOP with exercise; which finding is associated with this condition?	Krukenberg spindle	PAS	phacodenesis	pars plana snowbank	nan	a	Krukenberg spindle	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Separation between the longitudinal and circumferential fibers of the ciliary muscle is called	iridoschisis	angle recession	iridodialysis	cyclodialysis	nan	b	angle recession	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Characteristics of pigment dispersion syndrome include all of the following except	increased IOP with exercise	Krukenberg’s spindle	phacodenesis	radial iris transillumination defects	nan	c	phacodenesis	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Genetics of aniridia are best summarized as	⅓ AR, ⅔ AD	⅓ sporadic, ⅔ AR	⅓ AD, ⅔ sporadic	⅓ sporadic, ⅔ AD	nan	d	⅓ sporadic, ⅔ AD	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
A sickle cell patient with a hyphema develops increased IOP; which of the following treatment choices is best?	pilocarpine	Diamox	hyperosmotic	Timoptic	nan	d	Timoptic	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
A pigmentary retinopathy occurs in which mesodermal dysgenesis syndrome?	Axenfeld’s anomaly	Alagille’s syndrome	Rieger’s syndrome	Peter’s anomaly	nan	b	Alagille’s syndrome	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Of the following causes of iris heterochromia, the involved iris is hyperchromic in	ICE syndrome	Horner’s syndrome	Waardenburg’s syndrome	Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis	nan	a	ICE syndrome	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Which of the following iris lesions is a true tumor?	Kunkmann-Wolffian body	Koeppe nodule	Lisch nodule	juvenile xanthogranuloma	nan	c	Lisch nodule	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
At which location is the lens capsule thinnest?	anterior capsule	posterior capsule	equatorial capsule	anterior paracentral capsule	nan	b	posterior capsule	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
The iris sphincter is derived from what embryologic tissue?	neural crest cells	surface ectoderm	neural ectoderm	mesoderm	nan	c	neural ectoderm	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Which of the following is not associated with sunset syndrome?	asymmetric IOL haptic placement	polyopia	pseudoexfoliation	hyphema	nan	d	hyphema	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Lens epithelial cells differentiate into lens fibers	anterior to the equator	at the equator	posterior to the equator	in the fetal nucleus	nan	a	anterior to the equator	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Light of which wavelength is absorbed greatest by a dense nuclear sclerotic cataract?	red	green	yellow	blue	nan	d	blue	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
A patient with background diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema desires cataract surgery. The most appropriate management is	cataract surgery	focal laser treatment then cataract surgery	cataract surgery then panretinal photocoagulation	cataract surgery with intraoperative laser treatment	nan	b	focal laser treatment then cataract surgery	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
After finishing phacoemulsification on a dense cataract, the surgeon notes whitening of the clear corneal incision. The most likely cause is	tight incision	high aspiration flow rate	high phaco power	45° bevel phaco needle	nan	a	tight incision	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Nuclear brunescence increases with higher concentrations of which lens protein?	alpha crystallin	beta crystallin	gamma crystallin	main intrinsic polypeptide	nan	d	main intrinsic polypeptide	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Lens fibers contain nuclei in all of the following conditions except	trisomy 13	syphilis	rubella	Lowe’s syndrome	nan	b	syphilis	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
The most likely cause of an intraoperative complication during cataract surgery in a patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome is	small pupil	thin posterior capsule	weak zonules	shallow anterior chamber	nan	c	weak zonules	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
The majority of glucose metabolism in the lens is by	glycolysis	pentose phosphate pathway	reduction to sorbitol	conversion to glucuronic acid	nan	a	glycolysis	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
The most appropriate systemic treatment for a patient with a sunflower cataract is	insulin	penicillamine	steroids	methotrexate	nan	b	penicillamine	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Which of the following is the least likely cause of decreased vision 2 years after cataract surgery?	subluxed IOL	retinal detachment	posterior capsular opacity	cystoid macular edema	nan	d	cystoid macular edema	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Which type of cataract is most closely associated with UV-B exposure?	anterior subcapsular	cortical	nuclear sclerotic	posterior subcapsular	nan	b	cortical	ANTERIOR SEGMENT
Which of the following is in the CORRECT order, from anterior to posterior.	Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, scleral spur, ciliary body, iris	Schwalbe's line, scleral spur, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, iris	Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, scleral spur, iris	Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, scleral spur, iris, ciliary body	nan	a	Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, scleral spur, ciliary body, iris	Cataract
Where do the lens zonules arise from?	Circular muscles of the ciliary body	Valleys of the ciliary processes	Peaks of the ciliary processes	Longitudinal muscles of the ciliary body	nan	b	Valleys of the ciliary processes	Cataract
Which of the following has the GREATEST resistance to aqueous outflow?	Juxtacanalicular segment of the trabecular meshwork	Corneoscleral segment of the trabecular meshwork	Non-pigmented segment of the trabecular meshwork	Uveal segment of the trabecular meshwork	nan	a	Juxtacanalicular segment of the trabecular meshwork	Cataract
At 8-weeks post non-complicated cataract extraction, a patient develops posterior capsular opacity. After undergoing a laser capsulotomy, the patient develops uveitis. What is the MOST likely cause of the inflammation?	Staphylococcus epidermidis	Propionibacterium acnes	Herpes simplex	Staphylococcus aureus	nan	b	Propionibacterium acnes	Cataract
What type of endothelial cells make up the lining of Schlemm’s canal?	Ciliated epithelium	Transitional epithelium	Nonfenestrated cells with tight junctions	Fenestrated cells with tight junctions	nan	c	Nonfenestrated cells with tight junctions	Cataract
What is the primary metabolism of the adult lens?	Glycerol pathway	Glucose monophosphate shunt	Anaerobic	Ketogenesis	nan	c	Anaerobic	Cataract
Which of the following is the major component of the iris stroma?	collagen	blood vessels	striated muscle	smooth muscle	nan	b	blood vessels	Cataract
Which of the following BEST explains accommodation?	Relaxation of the circular muscles of the ciliary body results in pupil constriction and therefore helps with accomodation	Constriction of the circular muscles of the ciliary body results in the lens becoming more globular in shape	Relaxation of the circular muscles of the ciliary body results in the lens increasing its refractive power	The lens decreases its anterior-posterior lens diameter therefore increasing its refractive power	nan	b	Constriction of the circular muscles of the ciliary body results in the lens becoming more globular in shape	Cataract
Which of the following is the MOST CORRECT about the lens capsule?	It is the basement membrane of the lens epithelium	The lens epithelial cells lie on the lens capsule and contact the aqueous	The thinnest part is the anterior lens capsule	The lens capsule becomes opaque with age	nan	a	It is the basement membrane of the lens epithelium	Cataract
What is the average size of the adult lens?	9 mm x 4 mm	9 mm x 3 mm	10 mm x 5.5 mm	10 mm x 6 mm	nan	a	9 mm x 4 mm	Cataract
What contributes to the pigmentation of the iris?	Anterior border of the deep iris stroma	Anterior iris surface	Posterior iris surface	Posterior pigment epithelium	nan	a	Anterior border of the deep iris stroma	Cataract
Which of the following structure is continuous with the posterior pigmented epithelium of the iris?	Neurosensory retina	Longitudinal muscles of the ciliary body	Circular muscles of the ciliary body	Pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body	nan	a	Neurosensory retina	Cataract
Where are the dividing lens epithelial cells located?	Within the lens cortex	Within the lens nucleus	Beneath the posterior lens capsule	Beneath the anterior and equatorial lens capsule	nan	d	Beneath the anterior and equatorial lens capsule	Cataract
Which part of the lens capsule is thinnest?	Equator	Anterior	Posterior	Anterior peripherally	nan	c	Posterior	Cataract
Where does the lens receive its nourishment in the adult?	Aqueous humor	Hyaloid artery	Lens zonules	Long posterior ciliary artery	nan	a	Aqueous humor	Cataract
A patient had cataract surgery 5 years previously and complains of decreased vision in the same eye. On examination, there is an opacification of the posterior lens capsule. What is the MOST likely cause?	Sub-clinical anterior segment inflammation	Propionibacterium acnes colonization of the posterior capsule	Oxidation of the posterior capsule	Proliferation of epithelial cells	nan	d	Proliferation of epithelial cells	Cataract
Conjunctival injection is characterized by the following, EXCEPT:	Bright red colour.	Movable.	Not affected by vasoconstrictors.	Individual vessels are easily distinguished.	nan	c	Not affected by vasoconstrictors.	Conjunctiva
One of these is NOT manifested by ciliary injection:	Corneal ulcer	Viral conjunctivitis.	Acute congestive glaucoma.	Acute iridocyclitis.	nan	b	Viral conjunctivitis.	Conjunctiva
Persistent unilateral conjunctivitis is usually due to:	Purulent conjunctivitis.	Chronic dacryocystitis.	Mucopurulent conjunctivitis.	Foreign body.	nan	b	Chronic dacryocystitis.	Conjunctiva
In ophthalmia neonatorum, all the following are TRUE, EXCEPT:	Caused by birth trauma.	Frequently caused by gonococcal infection.	Maternal infection plays a role.	Silver nitrate drops were used as a prophylaxis.	nan	a	Caused by birth trauma.	Conjunctiva
All the following can be caused by chlamydial infection, EXCEPT:	Ophthalmia neonatorum	Trachoma.	Inclusion Conjunctivitis.	Central corneal ulcer.	nan	d	Central corneal ulcer.	Conjunctiva
These organisms can be seen normally in the conjunctiva:	Koch-Weeks bacillus.	Pneumococci.	Corynebacterium xerosis.	Corynebacterium diphtheria.	nan	c	Corynebacterium xerosis.	Conjunctiva
Most common organism in purulent conjunctivitis is:	Pneumococci.	Streptococci.	Gonococci.	Herpes simplex virus	nan	c	Gonococci.	Conjunctiva
Subconjunctival hemorrhage is NOT caused by:	Trauma.	Mucopurulent conjunctivitis.	Adenoviral infection.	Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.	nan	b	Mucopurulent conjunctivitis.	Conjunctiva
Which of the following is TRUE about vernal conjunctivitis?	Always unilateral.	Usually occurs in young boys.	Antibiotic drops are the main therapy.	Main symptom is foreign body sensation.	nan	b	Usually occurs in young boys.	Conjunctiva
Patient presented with itching, lacrimation, excoriation and macerated outer canthus. What is the organism:	Morax Axenfeld diplobacillus	Haemophilus influenza.	Pneumococci	Koch- Weeks diplobacillus.	nan	a	Morax Axenfeld diplobacillus	Conjunctiva
An old asthmatic hypertensive patient, presented with severe red eye after acute attack of cough. What is the most probable cause?	Corneal abrasion.	Acute conjunctivitis.	Spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage.	Acute iritis.	nan	c	Spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage.	Conjunctiva
All the following are sure signs of trachoma, EXCEPT:	Arlt’s line.	Papillae of upper tarsal conjunctiva.	Herbert’s Pits.	Expressible follicles.	nan	b	Papillae of upper tarsal conjunctiva.	Conjunctiva
Itching is common with:	Spring catarrh.	Trachoma.	Mucopurulent conjunctivitis.	Corneal ulcer.	nan	a	Spring catarrh.	Conjunctiva
The secretions of spring catarrh are rich in:	Eosinophils.	Neutrophils.	Basophils.	Lymphocytes.	nan	a	Eosinophils.	Conjunctiva
Pinguecula is:	Fatty degeneration.	Hyaline degeneration.	Elastoid hyaline degeneration.	Elastoid degeneration.	nan	c	Elastoid hyaline degeneration.	Conjunctiva
Giant papillary conjunctivitis can be caused by all the following, EXCEPT:	Artificial prosthesis.	Spring catarrh.	Contact lens wear.	Acute conjunctivitis.	nan	d	Acute conjunctivitis.	Conjunctiva
Topical treatment used for phlyctenular conjunctivitis is:	Antibiotic drops.	Vasoconstrictor drops.	Corticosteroid drops.	Antiviral drops.	nan	c	Corticosteroid drops.	Conjunctiva
All the following may cause pterygium, EXCEPT:	Exposure to ultra violet rays.	Viral infection.	Pinguecula.	Living in tropical area.	nan	b	Viral infection.	Conjunctiva
A patient has double vision one moth post pterygium surgery. What is the reason?	Medial rectus weakness.	Lateral rectus paralysis.	Symblepharon formation	Recurrence	nan	c	Symblepharon formation	Conjunctiva
All the following treatments are useful in preventing the recurrence after pterygium excision, EXCEPT:	Topical antibiotics.	Topical corticosteroids.	Beta irradiation.	5 FU eye drops.	nan	a	Topical antibiotics.	Conjunctiva
Which of the following is specific for the diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis?	Eye redness	Itching	Foreign body sensation	Excessive lacrimation	nan	b	Itching	Conjunctiva
What is the reflective power of the cornea?	-200 D	-4 D	60 D	43 D	nan	d	43 D	Cornea
A 65 year old man suffered from a chemical burn involving 360 degrees around the corneal limbus. The patient underwent a penetrating keratoplasty. Now there is opacification of the corneal surface. What is the MOST appropriate course of action?	Limbal stem cell transplant	Repeat penetrating keratoplasty	Tarsorrhaphy	Epikeratoplasty	nan	a	Limbal stem cell transplant	Cornea
At what structure does Descemet's membrane and Bowman's layer terminate?	Schwalbe's line	Corneal limbus	Scleral spur	Sampaolesi's line	nan	a	Schwalbe's line	Cornea
What is the average central corneal thickness in an adult?	550 microns	450 microns	500 microns	600 microns	nan	a	550 microns	Cornea
Which part of the eye contributes the MOST refractive power?	Vitreous	Tear film and cornea	Aqueous	Lens	nan	b	Tear film and cornea	Cornea
Which embryonic tissue develops into the corneal epithelium?	Surface ectoderm	Mesoderm	Neural crest	Neural ectoderm	nan	a	Surface ectoderm	Cornea
Which of the following contribute to the mucous layer of the tear film?	Goblet cells	Meibomian glands	Glands of Krause and Wolfring	Glands of Moll	nan	a	Goblet cells	Cornea
Which embryonic tissue develops into the corneal endothelium?	Neural ectoderm	Mesoderm	Neural crest	Surface ectoderm	nan	d	Surface ectoderm	Cornea
If the average radius of curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea is 8 mm, a radius of 8.2 mm in all meridia results in:	Myopia.	Hypermetropia.	Simple myopic astigmatism.	Compound hypermetropic astigmatism.	No changes.	b	Hypermetropia.	Cornea
Of the total dioptric power of the eye, the cornea represents which of the following?	1/2	3/4	2/3	4/5	None of the above.	c	2/3	Cornea
Descemet’s Membrane is characterized by:	Easily destroyed, and can regenerate.	Easily destroyed, and never regenerates.	Resistant to destruction, and can regenerate.	Resistant to destruction, and never regenerates.	None of the above.	e	None of the above.	Cornea
The substantia propria of the cornea proper receives its blood supply from:	Medial and lateral palpebral arteries.	Anterior ciliary arteries.	Circulus arteriosus major.	Circulus arteriosus minor.	None of the above.	e	None of the above.	Cornea
The corneal touch reflex involves the following cranial nerves:	II and III.	II and IV.	V and III.	V and VI.	V and VII.	e	V and VII.	Cornea
The corneal light reflex depends on all the following, EXCEPT:	Healthy tear film.	The convex mirror property of the cornea.	Corneal nerve fibers are demyelinated.	Intact corneal epithelium.	The corneal epithelium is non-keratinized.	c	Corneal nerve fibers are demyelinated.	Cornea
Corneal transparency results from the following anatomical factors, EXCEPT:	The cornea is devoid of blood vessels.	The cornea is devoid of lymphatic vessels.	The corneal nerve fibers are demyelinated.	The corneal epithelium is non-keratinized simple columnar epithelium.	The stromal lamellae are regularly arranged.	d	The corneal epithelium is non-keratinized simple columnar epithelium.	Cornea
The direct and immediate consequence of corneal endothelial injury is:	Corneal vascularization.	Corneal edema.	Corneal hypoesthesia.	Corneal scarring.	Corneal ulcer.	b	Corneal edema.	Cornea
Which of the following bacteria can invade an intact corneal epithelium?	Gonococci.	Pneumococci.	Streptococci.	Staphylococci.	Pseudomonas.	a	Gonococci.	Cornea
Which of the following fungus can invade an intact corneal epithelium?	Candida albicans.	Aspergillus niger.	Actinomyces bovis.	Rhizopus nigricans.	None of the above.	e	None of the above.	Cornea
Symptoms of corneal involvement include all the following, EXCEPT:	Lacrimation.	Pricking pain.	Blepharospasm.	Corneal edema.	Photophobia.	d	Corneal edema.	Cornea
Ciliary injection is characterized by all the following, EXCEPT:	Thick, dilated, tortuous blood vessels.	Involves the 4 mm circum-limbal area.	Violaceous color	Not constricted by adrenaline drops.	Accompanies severe intra-ocular infections.	a	Thick, dilated, tortuous blood vessels.	Cornea
The following facts are TRUE about hypopyon in a case of corneal ulcer, EXCEPT:	Contains large molecular weight proteins.	Contains Pneumococci.	Contains fibrin.	May elevate the IOP.	Indicates associated iridocyclitis.	b	Contains Pneumococci.	Cornea
A patient with central corneal nebula was able to see 6/36 uncorrected. If this is a central macula lesion, the vision would be:	6/12	6/18	6/24	6/36	6/60	e	6/60	Cornea
Leucoma non-adherent is one of the complications of perforating corneal ulcers that may occur in:	Healed central Descemetocele.	Small central perforation with no iris prolapse.	Central dendritic corneal ulcer.	Dense central KPs.	None of the above.	b	Small central perforation with no iris prolapse.	Cornea
Fluorescein stain helps diagnose perforating corneal ulcers complicated with fistula formation. Fluorescein will stain:	Floor of the ulcer.	Edges of the ulcer.	Aqueous humor.	Dead epithelium.	Corneal stroma.	c	Aqueous humor.	Cornea
Non-specific treatment of corneal ulcers should include all the following, EXCEPT:	Mydriatic cycloplegic drops.	Pain medications.	Antibiotics.	Eye bandage.	Heat application.	c	Antibiotics.	Cornea
The following bacteria is responsible for typical hypopyon corneal ulcers:	Gonococci.	Pneumococci.	Streptococci.	Staphylococci.	Pseudomonas.	b	Pneumococci.	Cornea
Descemetocele formation is uncommon with:	Gonococci.	Pneumococci.	Streptococci.	Staphylococci.	Pseudomonas.	b	Pneumococci.	Cornea
All the following are primary non-infective corneal ulcers, EXCEPT:	Atheromatous corneal ulcers.	Neuroparalytic corneal ulcers.	Phlyctenular corneal ulcers.	Keratomalacia.	Mooren’s ulcers.	c	Phlyctenular corneal ulcers.	Cornea
Pain, a constant feature in corneal ulcers, is out of proportion to findings in:	Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers.	Herpetic corneal ulcers.	Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers.	Lagophthalmos corneal ulcers.	Neuroparalytic corneal ulcers.	c	Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers.	Cornea
Pain, a constant feature in corneal ulcers, is least in:	Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers.	Herpetic corneal ulcers.	Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers.	Lagophthalmos corneal ulcers.	Neuroparalytic corneal ulcers.	e	Neuroparalytic corneal ulcers.	Cornea
Corneal hypoesthesia is one of the diagnostic signs of:	Herpetic corneal ulcers.	Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers.	Atypical hypopyon corneal ulcers.	Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers.	Mooren’s ulcers.	a	Herpetic corneal ulcers.	Cornea
Coagulated (pyramidal) hypopyon is a sign of:	Herpetic corneal ulcers.	Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers.	Atypical hypopyon corneal ulcers.	Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers.	Mooren’s ulcers.	c	Atypical hypopyon corneal ulcers.	Cornea
The following corneal ulcers usually start near the limbus, EXCEPT:	Fascicular ulcer.	Typical trachomatous ulcer.	Typical hypopyon ulcer.	Mooren’s ulcer.	Marginal ring ulcer.	c	Typical hypopyon ulcer.	Cornea

The most helpful test for evaluating macular function in a patient with advanced cataract is

blue field entoptic phenomenon

2-light separation

red-light discrimination

directional light projection

nan

b

2-light separation

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Ectopia lentis is least likely to be associated with

cleft palate

pectus excavatum

short stature

mental retardation

nan

a

cleft palate

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Anterior segment signs of ciliary body melanoma include all of the following except

corneal edema

increased IOP

astigmatism

cataract

nan

a

corneal edema

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Which of the following is least characteristic of ICE syndrome?

corneal edema

increased IOP

ectropion uveae

PAS

nan

b

increased IOP

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

The crystalline lens is formed from which embryologic tissue?

neural crest

ectoderm

mesoderm

endoderm

nan

b

ectoderm

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

A stellate anterior subcapsular cataract is most likely to be found in a patient with

Fabry’s disease

atopic dermatitis

myotonic dystrophy

electrical injury

nan

d

electrical injury

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

The most useful diagnostic test in an infant with an oil-droplet cataract is

urine amino acids

calcium

TORCH titers

urine reducing substances

nan

d

urine reducing substances

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Which of the following does not occur in siderosis bulbi?

glaucoma

retinal atrophy

sunflower cataract

fixed pupil

nan

c

sunflower cataract

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

A patient has a history of increased IOP with exercise; which finding is associated with this condition?

Krukenberg spindle

PAS

phacodenesis

pars plana snowbank

nan

a

Krukenberg spindle

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Separation between the longitudinal and circumferential fibers of the ciliary muscle is called

iridoschisis

angle recession

iridodialysis

cyclodialysis

nan

b

angle recession

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Characteristics of pigment dispersion syndrome include all of the following except

increased IOP with exercise

Krukenberg’s spindle

phacodenesis

radial iris transillumination defects

nan

c

phacodenesis

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Genetics of aniridia are best summarized as

⅓ AR, ⅔ AD

⅓ sporadic, ⅔ AR

⅓ AD, ⅔ sporadic

⅓ sporadic, ⅔ AD

nan

d

⅓ sporadic, ⅔ AD

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

A sickle cell patient with a hyphema develops increased IOP; which of the following treatment choices is best?

pilocarpine

Diamox

hyperosmotic

Timoptic

nan

d

Timoptic

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

A pigmentary retinopathy occurs in which mesodermal dysgenesis syndrome?

Axenfeld’s anomaly

Alagille’s syndrome

Rieger’s syndrome

Peter’s anomaly

nan

b

Alagille’s syndrome

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Of the following causes of iris heterochromia, the involved iris is hyperchromic in

ICE syndrome

Horner’s syndrome

Waardenburg’s syndrome

Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis

nan

a

ICE syndrome

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Which of the following iris lesions is a true tumor?

Kunkmann-Wolffian body

Koeppe nodule

Lisch nodule

juvenile xanthogranuloma

nan

c

Lisch nodule

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

At which location is the lens capsule thinnest?

anterior capsule

posterior capsule

equatorial capsule

anterior paracentral capsule

nan

b

posterior capsule

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

The iris sphincter is derived from what embryologic tissue?

neural crest cells

surface ectoderm

neural ectoderm

mesoderm

nan

c

neural ectoderm

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Which of the following is not associated with sunset syndrome?

asymmetric IOL haptic placement

polyopia

pseudoexfoliation

hyphema

nan

d

hyphema

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Lens epithelial cells differentiate into lens fibers

anterior to the equator

at the equator

posterior to the equator

in the fetal nucleus

nan

a

anterior to the equator

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Light of which wavelength is absorbed greatest by a dense nuclear sclerotic cataract?

red

green

yellow

blue

nan

d

blue

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

A patient with background diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema desires cataract surgery. The most appropriate management is

cataract surgery

focal laser treatment then cataract surgery

cataract surgery then panretinal photocoagulation

cataract surgery with intraoperative laser treatment

nan

b

focal laser treatment then cataract surgery

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

After finishing phacoemulsification on a dense cataract, the surgeon notes whitening of the clear corneal incision. The most likely cause is

tight incision

high aspiration flow rate

high phaco power

45° bevel phaco needle

nan

a

tight incision

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Nuclear brunescence increases with higher concentrations of which lens protein?

alpha crystallin

beta crystallin

gamma crystallin

main intrinsic polypeptide

nan

d

main intrinsic polypeptide

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Lens fibers contain nuclei in all of the following conditions except

trisomy 13

syphilis

rubella

Lowe’s syndrome

nan

b

syphilis

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

The most likely cause of an intraoperative complication during cataract surgery in a patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome is

small pupil

thin posterior capsule

weak zonules

shallow anterior chamber

nan

c

weak zonules

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

The majority of glucose metabolism in the lens is by

glycolysis

pentose phosphate pathway

reduction to sorbitol

conversion to glucuronic acid

nan

a

glycolysis

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

The most appropriate systemic treatment for a patient with a sunflower cataract is

insulin

penicillamine

steroids

methotrexate

nan

b

penicillamine

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Which of the following is the least likely cause of decreased vision 2 years after cataract surgery?

subluxed IOL

retinal detachment

posterior capsular opacity

cystoid macular edema

nan

d

cystoid macular edema

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Which type of cataract is most closely associated with UV-B exposure?

anterior subcapsular

cortical

nuclear sclerotic

posterior subcapsular

nan

b

cortical

ANTERIOR SEGMENT

Which of the following is in the CORRECT order, from anterior to posterior.

Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, scleral spur, ciliary body, iris

Schwalbe's line, scleral spur, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, iris

Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, scleral spur, iris

Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, scleral spur, iris, ciliary body

nan

a

Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, scleral spur, ciliary body, iris

Cataract

Where do the lens zonules arise from?

Circular muscles of the ciliary body

Valleys of the ciliary processes

Peaks of the ciliary processes

Longitudinal muscles of the ciliary body

nan

b

Valleys of the ciliary processes

Cataract

Which of the following has the GREATEST resistance to aqueous outflow?

Juxtacanalicular segment of the trabecular meshwork

Corneoscleral segment of the trabecular meshwork

Non-pigmented segment of the trabecular meshwork

Uveal segment of the trabecular meshwork

nan

a

Juxtacanalicular segment of the trabecular meshwork

Cataract

At 8-weeks post non-complicated cataract extraction, a patient develops posterior capsular opacity. After undergoing a laser capsulotomy, the patient develops uveitis. What is the MOST likely cause of the inflammation?

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Propionibacterium acnes

Herpes simplex

Staphylococcus aureus

nan

b

Propionibacterium acnes

Cataract

What type of endothelial cells make up the lining of Schlemm’s canal?

Ciliated epithelium

Transitional epithelium

Nonfenestrated cells with tight junctions

Fenestrated cells with tight junctions

nan

c

Nonfenestrated cells with tight junctions

Cataract

What is the primary metabolism of the adult lens?

Glycerol pathway

Glucose monophosphate shunt

Anaerobic

Ketogenesis

nan

c

Anaerobic

Cataract

Which of the following is the major component of the iris stroma?

collagen

blood vessels

striated muscle

smooth muscle

nan

b

blood vessels

Cataract

Which of the following BEST explains accommodation?

Relaxation of the circular muscles of the ciliary body results in pupil constriction and therefore helps with accomodation

Constriction of the circular muscles of the ciliary body results in the lens becoming more globular in shape

Relaxation of the circular muscles of the ciliary body results in the lens increasing its refractive power

The lens decreases its anterior-posterior lens diameter therefore increasing its refractive power

nan

b

Constriction of the circular muscles of the ciliary body results in the lens becoming more globular in shape

Cataract

Which of the following is the MOST CORRECT about the lens capsule?

It is the basement membrane of the lens epithelium

The lens epithelial cells lie on the lens capsule and contact the aqueous

The thinnest part is the anterior lens capsule

The lens capsule becomes opaque with age

nan

a

It is the basement membrane of the lens epithelium

Cataract

What is the average size of the adult lens?

9 mm x 4 mm

9 mm x 3 mm

10 mm x 5.5 mm

10 mm x 6 mm

nan

a

9 mm x 4 mm

Cataract

What contributes to the pigmentation of the iris?

Anterior border of the deep iris stroma

Anterior iris surface

Posterior iris surface

Posterior pigment epithelium

nan

a

Anterior border of the deep iris stroma

Cataract

Which of the following structure is continuous with the posterior pigmented epithelium of the iris?

Neurosensory retina

Longitudinal muscles of the ciliary body

Circular muscles of the ciliary body

Pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body

nan

a

Neurosensory retina

Cataract

Where are the dividing lens epithelial cells located?

Within the lens cortex

Within the lens nucleus

Beneath the posterior lens capsule

Beneath the anterior and equatorial lens capsule

nan

d

Beneath the anterior and equatorial lens capsule

Cataract

Which part of the lens capsule is thinnest?

Equator

Anterior peripherally

nan

c

Posterior

Cataract

Where does the lens receive its nourishment in the adult?

Aqueous humor

Hyaloid artery

Lens zonules

Long posterior ciliary artery

nan

a

Aqueous humor

Cataract

A patient had cataract surgery 5 years previously and complains of decreased vision in the same eye. On examination, there is an opacification of the posterior lens capsule. What is the MOST likely cause?

Sub-clinical anterior segment inflammation

Propionibacterium acnes colonization of the posterior capsule

Oxidation of the posterior capsule

Proliferation of epithelial cells

nan

d

Proliferation of epithelial cells

Cataract

Conjunctival injection is characterized by the following, EXCEPT:

Bright red colour.

Movable.

Not affected by vasoconstrictors.

Individual vessels are easily distinguished.

nan

c

Not affected by vasoconstrictors.

Conjunctiva

One of these is NOT manifested by ciliary injection:

Corneal ulcer

Viral conjunctivitis.

Acute congestive glaucoma.

Acute iridocyclitis.

nan

b

Viral conjunctivitis.

Conjunctiva

Persistent unilateral conjunctivitis is usually due to:

Purulent conjunctivitis.

Chronic dacryocystitis.

Mucopurulent conjunctivitis.

Foreign body.

nan

b

Chronic dacryocystitis.

Conjunctiva

In ophthalmia neonatorum, all the following are TRUE, EXCEPT:

Caused by birth trauma.

Frequently caused by gonococcal infection.

Maternal infection plays a role.

Silver nitrate drops were used as a prophylaxis.

nan

a

Caused by birth trauma.

Conjunctiva

All the following can be caused by chlamydial infection, EXCEPT:

Ophthalmia neonatorum

Trachoma.

Inclusion Conjunctivitis.

Central corneal ulcer.

nan

d

Central corneal ulcer.

Conjunctiva

These organisms can be seen normally in the conjunctiva:

Koch-Weeks bacillus.

Pneumococci.

Corynebacterium xerosis.

Corynebacterium diphtheria.

nan

c

Corynebacterium xerosis.

Conjunctiva

Most common organism in purulent conjunctivitis is:

Pneumococci.

Streptococci.

Gonococci.

Herpes simplex virus

nan

c

Gonococci.

Conjunctiva

Subconjunctival hemorrhage is NOT caused by:

Trauma.

Mucopurulent conjunctivitis.

Adenoviral infection.

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

nan

b

Mucopurulent conjunctivitis.

Conjunctiva

Which of the following is TRUE about vernal conjunctivitis?

Always unilateral.

Usually occurs in young boys.

Antibiotic drops are the main therapy.

Main symptom is foreign body sensation.

nan

b

Usually occurs in young boys.

Conjunctiva

Patient presented with itching, lacrimation, excoriation and macerated outer canthus. What is the organism:

Morax Axenfeld diplobacillus

Haemophilus influenza.

Pneumococci

Koch- Weeks diplobacillus.

nan

a

Morax Axenfeld diplobacillus

Conjunctiva

An old asthmatic hypertensive patient, presented with severe red eye after acute attack of cough. What is the most probable cause?

Corneal abrasion.

Acute conjunctivitis.

Spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Acute iritis.

nan

c

Spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Conjunctiva

All the following are sure signs of trachoma, EXCEPT:

Arlt’s line.

Papillae of upper tarsal conjunctiva.

Herbert’s Pits.

Expressible follicles.

nan

b

Papillae of upper tarsal conjunctiva.

Conjunctiva

Itching is common with:

Spring catarrh.

Trachoma.

Mucopurulent conjunctivitis.

Corneal ulcer.

nan

a

Spring catarrh.

Conjunctiva

The secretions of spring catarrh are rich in:

Eosinophils.

Neutrophils.

Basophils.

Lymphocytes.

nan

a

Eosinophils.

Conjunctiva

Pinguecula is:

Fatty degeneration.

Hyaline degeneration.

Elastoid hyaline degeneration.

Elastoid degeneration.

nan

c

Elastoid hyaline degeneration.

Conjunctiva

Giant papillary conjunctivitis can be caused by all the following, EXCEPT:

Artificial prosthesis.

Spring catarrh.

Contact lens wear.

Acute conjunctivitis.

nan

d

Acute conjunctivitis.

Conjunctiva

Topical treatment used for phlyctenular conjunctivitis is:

Antibiotic drops.

Vasoconstrictor drops.

Corticosteroid drops.

Antiviral drops.

nan

c

Corticosteroid drops.

Conjunctiva

All the following may cause pterygium, EXCEPT:

Exposure to ultra violet rays.

Viral infection.

Pinguecula.

Living in tropical area.

nan

b

Viral infection.

Conjunctiva

A patient has double vision one moth post pterygium surgery. What is the reason?

Medial rectus weakness.

Lateral rectus paralysis.

Symblepharon formation

Recurrence

nan

c

Symblepharon formation

Conjunctiva

All the following treatments are useful in preventing the recurrence after pterygium excision, EXCEPT:

Topical antibiotics.

Topical corticosteroids.

Beta irradiation.

5 FU eye drops.

nan

a

Topical antibiotics.

Conjunctiva

Which of the following is specific for the diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis?

Eye redness

Itching

Foreign body sensation

Excessive lacrimation

nan

b

Itching

Conjunctiva

What is the reflective power of the cornea?

-200 D

-4 D

60 D

43 D

nan

d

43 D

Cornea

A 65 year old man suffered from a chemical burn involving 360 degrees around the corneal limbus. The patient underwent a penetrating keratoplasty. Now there is opacification of the corneal surface. What is the MOST appropriate course of action?

Limbal stem cell transplant

Repeat penetrating keratoplasty

Tarsorrhaphy

Epikeratoplasty

nan

a

Limbal stem cell transplant

Cornea

At what structure does Descemet's membrane and Bowman's layer terminate?

Schwalbe's line

Corneal limbus

Scleral spur

Sampaolesi's line

nan

a

Schwalbe's line

Cornea

What is the average central corneal thickness in an adult?

550 microns

450 microns

500 microns

600 microns

nan

a

550 microns

Cornea

Which part of the eye contributes the MOST refractive power?

Vitreous

Tear film and cornea

Aqueous

Lens

nan

b

Tear film and cornea

Cornea

Which embryonic tissue develops into the corneal epithelium?

Surface ectoderm

Mesoderm

Neural crest

Neural ectoderm

nan

a

Surface ectoderm

Cornea

Which of the following contribute to the mucous layer of the tear film?

Goblet cells

Meibomian glands

Glands of Krause and Wolfring

Glands of Moll

nan

a

Goblet cells

Cornea

Which embryonic tissue develops into the corneal endothelium?

Neural ectoderm

Mesoderm

Neural crest

Surface ectoderm

nan

d

Surface ectoderm

Cornea

If the average radius of curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea is 8 mm, a radius of 8.2 mm in all meridia results in:

Myopia.

Hypermetropia.

Simple myopic astigmatism.

Compound hypermetropic astigmatism.

No changes.

b

Hypermetropia.

Cornea

Of the total dioptric power of the eye, the cornea represents which of the following?

1/2

3/4

2/3

4/5

None of the above.

c

2/3

Cornea

Descemet’s Membrane is characterized by:

Easily destroyed, and can regenerate.

Easily destroyed, and never regenerates.

Resistant to destruction, and can regenerate.

Resistant to destruction, and never regenerates.

None of the above.

e

None of the above.

Cornea

The substantia propria of the cornea proper receives its blood supply from:

Medial and lateral palpebral arteries.

Anterior ciliary arteries.

Circulus arteriosus major.

Circulus arteriosus minor.

None of the above.

e

None of the above.

Cornea

The corneal touch reflex involves the following cranial nerves:

II and III.

II and IV.

V and III.

V and VI.

V and VII.

e

V and VII.

Cornea

The corneal light reflex depends on all the following, EXCEPT:

Healthy tear film.

The convex mirror property of the cornea.

Corneal nerve fibers are demyelinated.

Intact corneal epithelium.

The corneal epithelium is non-keratinized.

c

Corneal nerve fibers are demyelinated.

Cornea

Corneal transparency results from the following anatomical factors, EXCEPT:

The cornea is devoid of blood vessels.

The cornea is devoid of lymphatic vessels.

The corneal nerve fibers are demyelinated.

The corneal epithelium is non-keratinized simple columnar epithelium.

The stromal lamellae are regularly arranged.

d

The corneal epithelium is non-keratinized simple columnar epithelium.

Cornea

The direct and immediate consequence of corneal endothelial injury is:

Corneal vascularization.

Corneal edema.

Corneal hypoesthesia.

Corneal scarring.

Corneal ulcer.

b

Corneal edema.

Cornea

Which of the following bacteria can invade an intact corneal epithelium?

Gonococci.

Pneumococci.

Streptococci.

Staphylococci.

Pseudomonas.

a

Gonococci.

Cornea

Which of the following fungus can invade an intact corneal epithelium?

Candida albicans.

Aspergillus niger.

Actinomyces bovis.

Rhizopus nigricans.

None of the above.

e

None of the above.

Cornea

Symptoms of corneal involvement include all the following, EXCEPT:

Lacrimation.

Pricking pain.

Blepharospasm.

Corneal edema.

Photophobia.

d

Corneal edema.

Cornea

Ciliary injection is characterized by all the following, EXCEPT:

Thick, dilated, tortuous blood vessels.

Involves the 4 mm circum-limbal area.

Violaceous color

Not constricted by adrenaline drops.

Accompanies severe intra-ocular infections.

a

Thick, dilated, tortuous blood vessels.

Cornea

The following facts are TRUE about hypopyon in a case of corneal ulcer, EXCEPT:

Contains large molecular weight proteins.

Contains Pneumococci.

Contains fibrin.

May elevate the IOP.

Indicates associated iridocyclitis.

b

Contains Pneumococci.

Cornea

A patient with central corneal nebula was able to see 6/36 uncorrected. If this is a central macula lesion, the vision would be:

6/12

6/18

6/24

6/36

6/60

e

6/60

Cornea

Leucoma non-adherent is one of the complications of perforating corneal ulcers that may occur in:

Healed central Descemetocele.

Small central perforation with no iris prolapse.

Central dendritic corneal ulcer.

Dense central KPs.

None of the above.

b

Small central perforation with no iris prolapse.

Cornea

Fluorescein stain helps diagnose perforating corneal ulcers complicated with fistula formation. Fluorescein will stain:

Floor of the ulcer.

Edges of the ulcer.

Aqueous humor.

Dead epithelium.

Corneal stroma.

c

Aqueous humor.

Cornea

Non-specific treatment of corneal ulcers should include all the following, EXCEPT:

Mydriatic cycloplegic drops.

Pain medications.

Antibiotics.

Eye bandage.

Heat application.

c

Antibiotics.

Cornea

The following bacteria is responsible for typical hypopyon corneal ulcers:

Gonococci.

Pneumococci.

Streptococci.

Staphylococci.

Pseudomonas.

b

Pneumococci.

Cornea

Descemetocele formation is uncommon with:

Gonococci.

Pneumococci.

Streptococci.

Staphylococci.

Pseudomonas.

b

Pneumococci.

Cornea

All the following are primary non-infective corneal ulcers, EXCEPT:

Atheromatous corneal ulcers.

Neuroparalytic corneal ulcers.

Phlyctenular corneal ulcers.

Keratomalacia.

Mooren’s ulcers.

c

Phlyctenular corneal ulcers.

Cornea

Pain, a constant feature in corneal ulcers, is out of proportion to findings in:

Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers.

Herpetic corneal ulcers.

Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers.

Lagophthalmos corneal ulcers.

Neuroparalytic corneal ulcers.

c

Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers.

Cornea

Pain, a constant feature in corneal ulcers, is least in:

Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers.

Herpetic corneal ulcers.

Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers.

Lagophthalmos corneal ulcers.

Neuroparalytic corneal ulcers.

e

Neuroparalytic corneal ulcers.

Cornea

Corneal hypoesthesia is one of the diagnostic signs of:

Herpetic corneal ulcers.

Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers.

Atypical hypopyon corneal ulcers.

Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers.

Mooren’s ulcers.

a

Herpetic corneal ulcers.

Cornea

Coagulated (pyramidal) hypopyon is a sign of:

Herpetic corneal ulcers.

Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers.

Atypical hypopyon corneal ulcers.

Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers.

Mooren’s ulcers.

c

Atypical hypopyon corneal ulcers.

Cornea

The following corneal ulcers usually start near the limbus, EXCEPT:

Fascicular ulcer.

Typical trachomatous ulcer.

Typical hypopyon ulcer.

Mooren’s ulcer.

Marginal ring ulcer.

c

Typical hypopyon ulcer.

Cornea