Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
Photographing Primary Source Material	[ "Most researchers just use their phone. Really hard core researchers use a camera with a tripod/monopod of some sort, to reduce blurry images from hand shake. Not all archives allow them, mine doesn't mind for example, but the one I worked at in grad school didn't allow them, so you'll want to check first before yo...	[ "Radio waves, just like we still do today. If you want an example, think about how television worked in the 1940's and 1950's. Take an image and transmit it via radio to a receiver." ]
If something was on fire in a fridge that could go to extremely low temperatures and it kept getting colder. Is there a lower temperature limit where the fire can no longer exist?	[ "Yes. Because combustion reactions are temperature dependant. If T gets too low, the reaction will no longer move in the forward direction. This is even more obvious if the fridge were to approach absolute zero (0K). At this point all atoms would be at rest relative to one another. No reaction can occur at this tem...	[ "The rules of thermodynamics can be loosely put as: Zero: The universe wants to play a game where it changes your internal energy. One: You can't beat the universe. You can only hope to tie it. Two: You can only tie the universe at absolute zero. Three: You can't get to absolute zero. Building a machine that never ...
Does drinking a sports drink before bed after a night of drinking help lessen your hangover?	[ "So, this study bascially concluded there's not really an effective hangover treatment as of yet: [Interventions for preventing or treating alcohol hangover: systematic review of randomised controlled trials](_URL_1_) Note: It didn't mention sports drinks specifically, but did mention water, and correlates such as ...	[ "Now I am by no means a biologist, so I know I’m not answering or explaining but I can share a little of my own experience. I work free lance in the film industry so I will work long days weeks and hours for a period of time and then be unemployed while I try to arrange the next project. At the end of every shoot, ...
Why don't we classify only round objects as moons?	[ "The term \"natural satellite\" covers everything, but astronomers call this debris \"moonlets\" or just \"debris\". There is no current lower limit to the size of a moon, instead it is rather abutrary, and will probably be addressed in the future by the IAU! Saturn's rings are constantly getting smashed apart and ...	[ "The shape promotes stable flight. The rocket does need to get through the atmosphere. To produce stable flight you need to have the center of pressure behind the center of gravity. Also a sphere will have more drag than than a cylinder, making it harder to get out of the atmosphere." ]
If I'm listening to music while I yawn or stretch, the pitch of the music will audibly change while I'm yawning/stretching. Why is this?	[ "I'll answer quickly but I'm on my iPhone so I won't be linking a source. Shame on me. When you yawn, breath in deeply, or breath out forcefully, you create a pressure gradient between your chest cavity and atmospheric pressure. Try an upper airway Valsava maneuver, you should feel your ears \"pop.\" Your ear can...	[ "Spinning, depending on intensity, is technically an exercise . When you exercise, blood flow increases in general, but more so to the muscles in use, in this case those in your legs and possibly back, causing the muscles to become warmer. When muscles are \"cold\" (normal body temperature), they are less flexible ...
Why is it so easy for some people to wake up and be productive immediately while others remain groggy for hours?	[ "I encourage you to check out this youtube video _URL_0_ Explains it better than I can" ]	[ "The process you seem to be missing is... well, it's your actual question. Sometimes, it takes longer to write. You don't always have the same level of inspiration, you don't always have the same level of motivation, and every writer has to occasionally fight with writer's block." ]
Why is there historically so much people in what is now China and India?	[ "Its huge land but they happen to be single countries. Typically there are multiple countries in such big areas in the world" ]	[ "If you're really asking 'why', no one knows. Luck. Chance. Possibly something else entirely. It's a deeply philosophical question. If you're asking how, tools. Tools made the difference. Humans were lucky enough to learn to use tools, to develop fire. That was what pushed us into the dominant position." ]
Why are some people's sneezes really violent while others are barely audible.	[ "There's certainly a combination of variables. Social circumstances can affect how obnoxious we are willing to be with our sneezing, or coughing. Either trying to be obnoxious or trying to be stealthier and more controlled. Then there's the threshold or subjective sensations your body feels when it wants to sneeze...	[ "Exhale the air still in your lungs. Spit. Throw a shoe. Shoot laser beams out your eyes (assuming you have that ability, of course)." ]
What reason does the USA have to want to block Palestine from being recognized by the UN?	[ "Israel is a very strong strategic and ideological ally in an area of the world where we need and don't have another one of those. Palestine likely would use it's UN recognition in a way Israel doesn't like, so the US by extension doesn't like." ]	[ "They don't. In fact polls on gay marriage in the [US](_URL_0_) and the [UK](_URL_1_) show almost exactly the same results." ]
How does mental illness tie in with evolution?	[ "One could argue that most of them are physical ailments. It's just that the organ affected is so complicated that we really don't understand it well enough to work out the specific cause(s)." ]	[ "Please see this post by Ian York - Biologist, Immunologist, and Virologist. (1) Because most people are much better at recognizing disease in humans. Ask a vet how many sick animals they see walking down the street, and compare to how many you recognized. (2) Because wild animals have strong selection pressure to ...
Were there ever any efforts to issue patents of nobility in the English-founded American colonies?	[ "I suppose it depends on what you mean by 'American'. With regards to the colonies that later formed the US, then the answer is no. If you include the colonies that later became Canada, then from 1624 to 1707, baronetcies were sold in the newly created Baronetage of Nova Scotia in order to fund the plantation of th...	[ "If it's okay, I'd like to ask an add-on question: could anyone, theoretically, do the exam, or was it restricted to the middle classes? I mean, clearly a peasant would probably fail because of their poor education, but were they allowed to try?" ]
Why are people getting arrested for having Kodi? Doesn't Kodi just organize the user's media? Even if the media is illegal or not, it's the user's issue.	[ "It's hard to say specifically, since you do not refer to a specific incidence. However, several people have been arrested for distributing boxes that have Kodi, not because Kodi is present but because they have also pre-loaded software on them which features unlicensed (and thereby illegal) forms of content." ]	[ "The best way I can describe it is that think of your web traffic as like a highway, all the stuff you download is in cars. Going down the highway, anyone can see the cars from helicopters, cameras, and other such monitoring devices. When you use a VPN, think of it as driving through a private underground tunnel. T...
How did women in your time period deal with their.. periods/menses? And have women always worn underwear (panties)?	[ "You may be interested in stumbling upon the answers to previous similar questions collected in our FAQ section \"[How did women deal with menstruation?](_URL_0_)\"" ]	[ "greetings all. Just a moderator reminder to potential respondents of what subreddit we're in here: it's /r/AskHistorians, so do review and comply with [the subreddit rules](_URL_11_). In a nutshell: > Answers in this subreddit are expected to be of a level that historians would provide: **comprehensive and inform...
"Three guesses, and the first two don't count"	[ "You're putting way too much thought into it. You said it yourself. It's something where the answer is already evident, but the person saying the phrase thinks they're witty (I'll give you three guesses if they actually are witty, and two don't count)" ]	[ "Context is important. I'm not surprised to see a hot dog at a hot dog stand. I'd be surprised if I opened my wallet to pay for a hot dog and it only had a hot dog inside. I'm not surprised to see beach clothing at a beach, but would be concerned if I'm about to go into surgery and the surgeon shows up in a speedo....
Why do we use tires in our vehicles instead of solid rubber wheels that would never get punctured?	[ "For several reasons. The firrst reason is the amount of rubber you need for solid rubber wheels. With the amount you need for one solid wheel you can make a full set of normal wheels. Another reason is that the air in normal tires provides an additional layer of shock absorbance. If you've ever driven on a bicyc...	[ "Specializing helps with optimization. Cows can't eat meat, but their teeth and multiple stomachs are ideal for eating grass. Humans have to have sharp teeth for meat and grinding teeth for plants and our digestive system is inefficient at processing plant matter. Versatility is obviously useful, but there are trad...
Why is biodiesel/biofuel considered "green"?	[ "The carbon in a biofuel, say biodiesel, comes (mostly or entirely) from the \"feedstock\", the biological material the fuel was made from (almost always plants). This carbon, in turn, came from the atmosphere in recent history. Whenever the plant in question grew, usually in the last few years, that's when its car...	[ "Because a mechanical gearbox and clutch is still within the realm of engineering feasibility for a 50 ton truck.Even if it were a series-hybrid drivetrain setup like on the diesel locomotive, the generator+motor would create extra losses on each conversion from electrical < - > mechanical and lower the overall eff...
How do satellites stay in orbit?	[ "Imagine firing a cannon. The faster you fire the cannonball, the farther it travels before gravity pulls it down and it hits the ground, right? Now imagine that you fire it so fast that as gravity pulls it down, the Earth curves away (because the Earth isn't flat, it's round). There's a precise velocity at which t...	[ "Very careful simulation based on testing data. Engineers have experimentally gathered data about all the different materials used to make the telescope. This data includes failure points given applied loads, vibrational frequencies, etc. They can use this along with a computational model of the sattelite to predic...
Why is it when I leave a glass of water out for a few hours, bubbles form inside.	[ "If water is cold and it warms up to room temperature as it sits on the counter, the warmer water is able to hold less gas (the amount of gas that dissolves is temperature-dependent), so the gas comes out of solution to form bubbles." ]	[ "This behavior is actually a natural one. Frogs prefer cool, wet spawning conditions, often laying their eggs around the S bend of a toilet. This part is designed to trap gas (or else your bathroom would smell like sewage), and the insulation provides a good habitat for tadpoles. Naturally occurring air pockets lik...
Why is Eggnog not sold year round?	[ "Because sales drop outside of Christmas time. If more people wanted it, it would be sold all the time. If you like it a lot, [try making it yourself](_URL_0_)." ]	[ "Laws usually don't have to make sense. It is what the politicians and the lobbyists can make the people think are concerns." ]
What is the Holy Roman Empire?	[ "The Holy Roman Empire (HRE) was the state first created by Charlemagne after he was crowned by Pope Leo III in Dec. 800, uniting a large area of land under his command. It briefly died in 888 when the last member of Charlemagne's family died, but was revived by Otto I and continued until 1806 when it finally died ...	[ "_URL_0_ The wikipedia article is excellent and better than any of the answers in here so far. If you have specific parts you don't understand, ask away and I can help explain them to you." ]
How does a cut-off system determine the duration it layed turned off?	[ "Yeah. There is indeed a chip in the computer that is constantly powered from a battery, that keeps track of time. I'm sure you know that most advanced calculators got a memory-preserving battery, so that it won't forget everything immediately if the system batteries run out. It's the same with the computer, except...	[ "Simpler explanation: I write you a letter that says \"This letter was sent from < my address > on < date > and < time > . Please send me a letter back as soon as you get this, with the exact time and date you received this. You follow the instruction and send the second letter back to me. When I get your letter, I...
Where were Caesar's lictors when the senators were attacking him?	[ "Maybe it would be helpful, if someone could detail what being accompanied by a lictor actually means: How far would the be away? Where the always around or just on the street? ehat about in private homes? Where would the 24 lictors of the consuls be during a normal senat session?... Having 24 (or even 12) guys sta...	[ "Tanning was usually relegated to the [outskirts of town](_URL_1_) due to the nature of the industry. Slaughter houses also used to be relegated to [certain streets.](_URL_0_) These both refer to England, though it seems to have happened in other places as well." ]
Use of antibiotics has gradually produced resistance in bacteria but honeybees have failed to acquire resistance against pesticides and other such harmful substances over the course of time, why?	[ "Well for one, a generation of bees generally takes longer to pass than a generation of bacteria, therefore mutations that would make bees immune to pesticides take longer to \"appear\"." ]	[ "Dinosaurs were sentient. If you mean sapient, who knows? Human intelligence is an anomaly. But intelligence may not be the best evolutionary strategy. Humans were possibly even smarter 50,000 years ago (anatomically modern humans before the agricultural age had bigger brains), yet did not come to truly dominate t...
Does the order of different insulators affect their total insulating capability?	[ "In a super crazy simple world where every variable was controlled other than energy in + energy out, then no, it would not matter, same overall result. In the real world, it matters a lot. Try putting your down jacket over your raincoat on a wet day. There are 100s of examples like this one where order and other ...	[ "There's not a particularly simple way of calculating this universally. The rate of heat transfer via [conduction](_URL_1_) requires knowledge of lots of properties of the individual system you're investigating: probably most importantly the surface areas of contact and the [thermal conductivity](_URL_0_) of all ob...
Why does Ukraine not take over the Malaysia Flight 17 crash site from the rebels?	[ "If Ukraine had the ability to walk into an area and force the rebels to bend to their will, then they wouldn't be in the war that they currently find themselves in." ]	[ "Hi, I've approved the post, but just a note to you and potential respondents: this subreddit has a 20-year rule against discussing current events, so any answers will have to cut off at 1997. If you're looking for answers that can include 1998-2012, do consider x-posting elsewhere, eg. a foreign affairs sub like /...
why do you get that feeling in your stomach when you go over a little hill in a car?	[ "It's called negative G forces. You're moving upward, and as your upward inertia starts heading back downward (due to gravity), you feel weightless for a short time." ]	[ "Someone correct me if I am wrong but it goes back to when we had much hairier bodies and when alarmed we as well as a lot of other mammals would puff up our hair to make ourselves look bigger. Think of how when you scare a dog or a cat it hunches up and its hair stands on end, same thing happens to us just we dont...
Why do so many guys find clumsiness so attractive?	[ "it is the classic \"hero saves the maiden\" situation. many men like being the protector of his woman, and many women like being protected by their man. when a woman is clumsy, she needs more than the average saving by her knight in shining armor!" ]	[ "The general consensus is [attention and approval seeking](_URL_4_) or [medical issues](_URL_1_). In [domesticated animals](_URL_2_), the approval seeking is generally from the owner. Because we see this in wild animals as well, it can't just be a human-approval mechanism. The attention seeking can be extended to t...
Theoretically, can deserts be turned into arable lands?	[ "Climate has a lot to do with why a desert is a desert, as most (all?) deserts don't receive adequate moisture from prevailing wind patterns, and that's probably what initiates desertification of a previously non-desert area. Once that has happened though, the biomass, primarily soil, of the area tends to dry up an...	[ "We aren't really sure why, but it doesn't seem that something like that can be done. Think about it like your bladder; you can build up a need to urinate, but you cannot urinate so much that your bladder is more than empty." ]
Why does the back of a car collect more dirt than the front of a car?	[ "So I think most of this has to do with aerodynamics. The front of the car is designed to \"slice\" through the air instead of pushing it. The back is usually an after thought aerodynamically. Now consider hatchbacks, like my Crosstrek (Subaru). It has a rear windshield wiper like most hatchbacks. Why? When dr...	[ "Anyone feel free to add but according to a PHD in physics: \"They do, and you've just never noticed. But if you have a big enough mirror and can point it toward a radio tower, you can test it out yourself. Point this big mirror at the FM radio tower, and get out a portable FM radio. Now start at the mirror and sta...
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. What exactly is considered an "action" and "reaction"?	[ "They are both forces. For instance, the Earth pulls on you with gravity, a force of magnitude F, in a direction toward the Earth's center. Newton's third law then says there must be some other force that has the same magnitude but acts in the opposite direction. Indeed, you pull on the Earth with a force of magnit...	[ "All chairs are furniture, but not all furniture are chairs. Because furniture might include sofas and tables, the second statement follows from the first. In formal logic, this is called a contrapositive. When a KKK member says that \"all blacks are niggers, but not all niggers are black,\" *he means that a \"ni...
why do we spend trillions of dollars exploring out of space while we have only discovered less then 5% of our ocean	[ "You can do a lot more interesting science in space than at the bottom of the ocean. Also, NASA's spent less than $800 billion, inflation adjusted, over it's entire existence, including aerodynamics and basic research on Earth." ]	[ "Most of the time the people who go to these places are either already successful or some kind of athlete. The majority of the people you are talking about already have a lot of money to finance these trips. The alternative is usually some kind of athlete like the ones you see on YouTube doing extreme sports (base ...
Who is this Renaissance man?	[ "It certainly does appear to be [Erasmus](_URL_0_). Why do you say not?" ]	[ "I heard it had a lot to do with the invention / discovery of the camera obscura. This helped people understand perspective / proportions / etc better. Here's a quick article I found about it - but there are a ton of others, videos, books, etc that talk about it in more depth. _URL_0_" ]
Why is Climate Change a partisan issue?	[ "Primarily because one party (GOP) supports industry and business in general, which includes oil. Petroleum products are used in all sorts of functions in our everyday lives in ways that you may not even be aware. So the burning of these fossil fuels is what has been found to cause climate change (according to clim...	[ "We only have 150 years worth of direct temperature readings (ie. taken with a thermometer) for the planet. There are many different proxies for measuring temperature throughout the more distant past. CO2 ratios in air bubbles trapped in deep ice cores, tree ring data, marine sediment layers, and others. All of whi...
How does helium actually increase the pitch of your voice?	[ "A lot of people believe that helium itself changes the pitch of your voice. This is actually incorrect. Your vocal cords are still vibrating at the same frequency, and since helium is less dense than air, sound travels faster. This accounts for the higher pitch." ]	[ "Someone correct me if I am wrong but it goes back to when we had much hairier bodies and when alarmed we as well as a lot of other mammals would puff up our hair to make ourselves look bigger. Think of how when you scare a dog or a cat it hunches up and its hair stands on end, same thing happens to us just we dont...
Why is "prehistory" a term? It seems like a weird thing to say, how can something be 'before history'?	[ "History is about the written record. In any given society, time that passed before the development of writing is pre-history in that sense. In western culture that can go back thousands of years, in some uncontacted, isolated tribes, pre-history is ongoing. The study of the past isn't limited to history, it includ...	[ "The ultimate decider here is etymology. English already had a native prefix for negating the meaning of words: un-. When you unbutton a shirt you perform the opposite action of buttoning it. But English borrowed a lot of Latin words, either directly or via the French. In both of those languages there's a differ...
Friday Free-for-All \| August 11, 2017	[ "I started a podcast about fashion history last weekend: you can find it on [LibSyn](_URL_2_), [iTunes](_URL_0_), and [Google Play](_URL_1_), if you're interested. Maybe give it a shot even if you think you're not interested! I've gotten a lot of responses to my answers here that say \"I never thought I would find...	[ "Hi there, I've approved this question but you may want to reword it so the question is actually in the title. Most of our flaired users have alerts set up that search titles for keywords, that one isn't going to get you anywhere unfortunately :-)." ]
Why do some of the planets in our solar system have rings, but some don't?	[ "How exactly some planets got their rings and how long they will keep them is still an open question. Random chance certainly contributes to it: if two moons (or a moon and an asteroid) collide, they can produce a lot of debris that gets scattered and forms a ring. Wait long enough and the particles can accumulate ...	[ "Because the ships are designed for functionality with the least amount of weight--not aesthetics. Function over form. Regarding the personal items floating around--depends. Lots of items are secured in place with adhesive velcro pads or bungee cords. It's not really the norm to have a bunch of junk floating all ov...
What's up with the white spots in maps of the Holy Roman Empire? Are there complete maps?	[ "These areas are labeled on both the first and second maps, so we can understand the third map to follow the same idea. The first map has a note below the key stating \"Ungeordnete kleine Gebiete sind weiß gelassen\" which means \"Insignificant small territories were left white.\" The second map labels them \"nich...	[ "You are looking at an advertisement for a company selling products. What you are seeing is the equivalent of an insurance agency telling you that in the past year, two thousand cars have been driving into your street, turned around, and left again: \"a sure sign of burglars!\" they will tell you -- when it might j...
- why doesn't American currency have modern presidents on them?	[ "Because the United States opposes the idea of 'Kings', they have a rule that no living person may appear on money or postage stamps. This rule was not always used many years ago, but is now." ]	[ "Your answer was removed shortly before you posted this question. It did not meet our standards. We ask that answers in this subreddit be in-depth and comprehensive, and highly suggest that comments include citations for the information. In the future, please take the time to better familiarize yourself with [the ...
Sunday Digest \| Interesting & Overlooked Posts \| May 11, 2015–May 17, 2015	[ "It's actually been a storming week for Stalinist economics, with two great comments worth highlighting. * /u/llamastingray [dispelled a few myths](_URL_19_) around the onset and nature of the Stalinist industrialisation programme. * /u/Smilin_Dave bossed it with [a great summary](_URL_18_) of the key issues and li...	[ "Most computers store dates as the number of seconds that have passed since Jan 1, 1970. They use a 32 bit number to store this. In 2038 that number will overflow, meaning that to many computers, dates will appear to be Jan 19, 2038 one second, and Jan 1, 1970 the next second. This could pose problems, just like Y2...
What can be learned from bringing a martian sample back to earth, that can't be learned with a rover?	[ "While the instruments we can put on rovers are good, they are nothing compared to the kind of instruments we have here on Earth, which could offer a massive increase in sensitivity, accuracy and sheer breadth of analysis." ]	[ "Stage 1's cost a TON of money. Basically, the Stage 1 in all previous missions was destroyed and landed in a random position in the ocean, and that means things were VERY expensive and unorganized. It's like, if you were going to buy flights to another country, someone would have to rebuild the entire plane from s...
How come we don't inherit disease immunities from our parents?	[ "Because the immunity to the diseases are not encoded within your parents' germ line DNA (i.e. the DNA that came together to make you). However, at around 32 weeks gestation, an immunoglobulin called IgG is secreted across the placenta to the fetus, and this provides the infant with protection until they are about...	[ "We can and do, but it is far too complicated and expensive a process to be practical. _URL_0_" ]
What is a 'meta person'?	[ "Most of the time it is referring to something being self referential like tropic thunder being a movie about making a movie with actors playing actors" ]	[ "Torrents store the metadata within files which you download and open up with your BitTorrent client. Magnet links store the metadata within a URI, which your BitTorrent client is set up to handle. You'll notice that you don't have to download a file in your browser when you use magnet links, whereas using torrent ...
When were Muskets replaced by Bolt Actions?	[ "More of course can be said, but [this might be of interest for you](_URL_0_)." ]	[ "I'm really sorry I missed it, but they New York historical society recently had an exhibit about tattooing in New York. Especially addressing some of the culture around tattoos during this period. _URL_1_ _URL_0_ As the article you linked mentions. The stated reason was a hepatitis outbreak in the 60's. I think th...
How is it that large food chains are allowed to keep their secret ingredients legally kept from the public at the risk of allergies or religious considerations?	[ "They are protected by trade secret laws. If a consumer is concerned about allergies, then they should stay away from the food. It is public knowledge that there is a trade secret. It's just not public knowledge what the ingredients are." ]	[ "By not defining what they mean by \"#1.\" If they don't say it's the #1 movie at the box office, or the #1 movie according to critical rating, or #1 highest rated movie on metacritic user reviews, or such, they're not lying. By not quantifying it they can easily decide for themselves what it means, and argue that ...
How tattoos don't desappear?	[ "Tattoo ink stays under the top layer of skin that is actually transparent/translucent. Eventually a lot of the ink does get pushed out, that's why tattoos fade over time. It's the same reason piercings aren't pushed out of the skin..." ]	[ "Because administration of anesthesia is a potentially deadly activity requiring generally a much higher level of training and credentials (and is therefore really expensive) then administering a tramp stamp." ]
How much can DNA tell about a persons ancestry?	[ "Mitochondrial DNA is often used as an ancestral lineage tracer in that is is inherited solely down the maternal line. Upon formation of the zygote, male mtDNA is ubiquitin tagged and subsequently degraded within the cell. This means that, bar random mutation, your mitochondrial DNA should be a perfect replica of y...	[ "Paternity test is done by collecting cells from the inside of your cheek, not by drawing blood. So no, you couldn't alter the test's outcome." ]
What does a Chi squared test do?	[ "It's a test to see if qualitative differences in experimental units may explain different outcomes. It's used to assess whether variables affect other variables in an experiment _URL_0_" ]	[ "This is a very common question. You can use search to find [all the other really good answers](_URL_0_ ). This is instant, and faster than ust typing in your question every time. It's a way of cheating elections. Read the others, and then ask a more specific question." ]
How does the U.S. government circulate new currency?	[ "The government is always collecting old bills from banks when they become too damaged and they do destroy them. They also distribute new currency via the banks. Banks are sent new currency and they stock ATMs with them, give them out when you make a withdrawal in person, and send them to stores when they collect ...	[ "They use magnetic fields to keep it away from normal matter. _URL_0_" ]
Which is more grammatically correct, "This place is always busy on Friday" or "This place is always busy on Fridays". Why?	[ "Both are fine. They mean different things grammatically but are the same in terms of meaning. \"This place is always busy on Friday\" means that it's always busy on the (singular) day of the week, Friday. \"This place is always busy on Fridays\" means that the place has been busy on all of the (plural) Fridays tha...	[ "The computer has files of varying sizes. These take up varying amounts of spaces on the hard drive. Say you write to the hard drive 3 different files. One takes up 5 \"spaces\" the next 2 spaces, and the last 5 spaces. Later, you delete the 2 space file. Now you've got 5 occupied spaces, 2 free spaces, 5 occupied...
What gives rise to the right-hand rule in electric currents?	[ "I wrote this in response to a similar question a week ago: > A magnetic field is not really a vector, like the electric field, it's really a bivector, pseudo-vector, or 2-form. As a vector has a direction, a 2-form lives in a plane. The thing is, in 3 dimensions, there are exactly as many dimensions (x, y, z) as ...	[ "Back in the cold war days, many small \"bug\" radio transmitters in Britain worked by rectifying BBC Radio 1, a powerful radio station that blankets that nation. Instead of trying to incorporate and hide a battery, spies would run a little wire out from the bug to pick up tiny amounts of power from the aether. The...
How much did Native American tribes fight amongst each other, and how brutal was it?	[ "Just as a caution, but this sort of question usually comes up in the context of trying to minimize the impact of and justify actions of colonial powers against Native American groups with the logic that violence against people who were or are perpetrators of violence against other groups (at any point in the past)...	[ "Hi OP, this is a cultural question, so it would greatly assist anyone considering answering if you could specify which culture you're asking about. For example, the name of a cultural group / country / geographic region, plus a rough time period. Otherwise, this question is simply too broad, as it encompasses almo...
Where was Autism when I was a kid?	[ "> Where was it when I was a kid? It used to just not get recognized as often, attributed to other disabilities or just labeled as \"retardation\" and other blanket conditions. Nowadays we have much better screening and more accurate tests so that we can identify it properly, which is why we now see many more diag...	[ "Are any other countries seeing a resurgence? Excluding the \"Anti-Vax\" folks , (and I'm not trying to give them a pass,) but could this be something being brought into the country from other regions? I've only heard of the Disneyland outbreak. A lot of tourists come from outside the country to visit and they want...
with the Supreme Court ruling Texas' ban on same sex marriage unconstitutional, what's stopping Texas from saying we don care, were still not letting them file taxes or get any other marriage benefits in our state?	[ "> What Gould the Feds to to the state? The Federal government could deploy military troops to enforce the ruling, similar to the deployment of the National Guard in desegregating schools. If push comes to shove it will end at gunpoint, one way or the other." ]	[ "In a lot of states, all high school students have to pass a battery of tests in order to receive credit for graduating high school. The following are its theoretical pros and cons. Pros: Allows a standard measure for the quality of a school district and can highlight districts or schools that are severely underper...
Can you get dizzy in space?	[ "Yes, this is very possible. In fact, many astronauts get motion sickness the first time they are introduced to zero-gravity in space. This is such a large problem that it even has its own name - SAS, or Space Adaptation Syndrome. _URL_0_" ]	[ "Here is a site that answers you perfectly: _URL_0_ What happens is that there is a small pressure differential between the edge of the station and the centre of rotation, and so the balloon will \"rise\" against that pressure differential. The same thing happens in a car as it accelerates/decelerates, or when a ca...
Do aircraft experience sonic booms as the cross multiples of the speed of sound?	[ "The people on the plane never hear a sonic boom, the shockwave is not occuring in the cabin and the plane is always \"ahead\" of it. The boom is a travelling wavefront experienced by observers. There are not multiple booms for multiples of the speed of sound. You can think of the boom as a cone continuously travel...	[ "I know Air travel and contrail contribution to cloud clover definitely changes surface temperature in cities. In the 3 day stand down of (almost) all air traffic in the days following the 9/11 attacks, there were measurable decreases in surface temperature . I can only assume the effect would contribute in other m...
What do we actually see when we look at the cosmic microwave background?	[ "You are seeing the universe as it was 13+ billion years ago, but it's not the part of the universe you are located at. The light has been travelling that whole time, so its source is not our immediate surroundings but instead the [particle horizon](_URL_0_). You could theoretically find a location somewhere in the...	[ "Inflatable beach balls are mostly empty space, too. The thing is, light bounces off the outside surface of the beach ball and back into our eyes, just like it bounces off the electrons around an atom's nucleus." ]
How did officials determine the DNC email leaks were from Russian hackers?	[ "There was no evidence to suggest Russia was involved. Maybe they were, maybe they weren't. We simply have no evidence yet. The democrat party is saying that to cover for themselves." ]	[ "[Yes.](_URL_0_) A bunch of adults from an adult school in Georgetown got together and figured it out. Click on the link above to learn more." ]
How does masturbation work in space?	[ "In our usual Earth gravity, blood is being pulled down, which our heart and blood vessels are used to dealing with, constricting in the legs to avoid blood pooling down there. You can't just tell your body to stop doing that when you're in space's microgravity, so blood tends to pool in various parts of your body ...	[ "Exposure to unfiltered sunlight and near-vacuum conditions, most likely. Conducting experiments on site would definitely pose a challenge though." ]
Why Do Computers use RGB instead of the primary colors RYB?	[ "Mixing light is not like mixing paint. For light: red & green = yellow red & blue = magenta blue & green = cyan Edit: Well, mixing two colors of light doesn't create the wavelength of the new color, but our eyes interpret it that way." ]	[ "This is a deceptively deep question that has to do with spectroscopy selection rules. If you google \"Raman scattering selection rules\" and take a look at some of the results you'll learn a lot. In this case there's a complimentary distinction between IR spectra and Raman. In a very crude sense, because of the se...
If the Axis Powers in World War 2 so easily destroyed the air force of the French and English why didn't Hitler airdrop troops in mainland England?	[ "In short, they didn't decimate the RAF and thus it was impossible for the German Army to be paradropped upon British soil without devastating losses that would cripple them when they arrived on the ground. Once these troops, who did make it past the RAF and Anti-Air Defences had organised enough to mount an assaul...	[ "This isn't a particularly interesting answer, but Julius Caesar had a large number of Gallic allies with him. Rome had an influence in the region for quite some time so it is certain that, at least with the larger kingdoms such as the Aedui, there would be many who could speak Latin. So there is a chain he could f...
When and how did the first musical bands form?	[ "In the western world, it arguably would have been around the time of the formation of a guild for musicians (minstrels) in Vienna in 1288 - Nikolai Bruderschaft (St. Nicholas Brotherhood). This was the first recorded guild for musicians. Some info and a few references here. _URL_0_" ]	[ "[this pic](_URL_0_) shows why, if you look basically everything that has similar organs (Fish, amphibians, birds, mammals etc) all branched off together from a root ancestor around the Cambrian explosion. so we have similar structures because we're all related." ]
why are spinning objects more stable and balanced?	[ "Since there the velocity of any point is pointing tangential to its rotation, when you apply any force perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the disk (or ball or whatever) the two momenta add up and cause it to tilt 90º away from where the force acted. This way, the object precesses instead of falling straight...	[ "It's basically to do with thermodynamics and the time your body is in contact with the surrounding air. Humans cool down by dilating blood vessels and effectively making their skin as hot as possible. When two materials with different temperatures come into contact, the hotter one transfers heat onto the colder on...
How far back in time would we have to travel until a "Regular Joe" in 2013 would make a better doctor than actual medical professionals of the time?	[ "The ancient practice of bloodletting would probably be something most people now know is (for the vast majority of cases) useless/harmful. You only have to go back to the 19th Century for that. _URL_2_ It was also only around the mid 19th Century that most people starting accepting/understanding the concept of ba...	[ "It's actually a popularized myth that \"scientists thought an ice age was coming in the 1970s\". [This PDF](_URL_2_) contains a study of all peer-reviewed literature from 1965-1979 concerning climate change. Of the 49 articles that predicted changes to global temperatures, 42 predicted warming, while only 7 predic...
Why are F1 cars so much safer than normal road cars?	[ "Harnesses designed to prevent injury. Helmets designed to absorb collision. Fire retardant suits to protect the driver. Body shells designed to crumple and absorb the damage while protecting the driver. Walls designed to absorb and transfer impact. Medical teams that are dispatched within seconds. Millions o...	[ "For the cathedral, they wouldn't just be building a new roof, it will be a restoration process which takes time. It is also a cultural heritage site which means it's important to history and protected by many rules and laws. Any plan to rebuild should be reviewed and approved by the pertinent authorities and the p...
If you could take a representative section of the sun and instantly move it off by itself, what would happen to it?	[ "If its small enough, the outward forces would blow it apart and you'd get a fairly impressive explosion, though most of the matter involved would simply be scattered across space instead of being converted into energy, so it wouldn't be on the scale of a supernova or anything. If the section is large enough that t...	[ "Not enough energy to. It's like lighting a match in a snow storm and expecting it to melt everything. Sure, the match is hot, but theres a lot more cold than there is hot." ]
How is it that a video game can render frames 60 times per second, but it takes hours for extremely powerful computers to render one frame of a Pixar film?	[ "In graphics, there are some effects that look marginally better but take exponentially more time to render. Pixar will spend hours rendering a slightly better sheen on Wall-E's chassis because why not? They have months to do it and want it to look as good as possible." ]	[ "peripheral vision is more focused on movement detection while our main central vision is doing the main work of detecting and analyzing what we see. we have less cell receptors in the eye in the peripheral area. making it not good at analyzing detail, color and shape. so if these cells are triggered, we immediatel...
Would a bone marrow "cure" for HIV possibly work to treat Lupus as well?	[ "Lupis is an autoimmune disease, not an immune deficiency disease. Your body still will recognize itself as a foreign invader and attack your joints/organs." ]	[ "[Here](_URL_0_) is a WHO publication on the topic from 2007. From the summary statement: > Uncertainties in the hazard assessment include the role that control selection bias and exposure misclassification might have on the observed relationship between magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. **In addition, virt...
Do ants feel fear or understand danger? For instance, if I put a delicious piece of cupcake on the floor, and surrounded it with dead ants, would they still go for it?	[ "There are certain ants that send chemical signals to their ant buddies when they die. I saw on Discovery or Animal Planet a scorpion killed an ant. Very soon after, tens of ants attacked and killed the scorpion. It was amazing and I've been looking for the video for about a year to no avail." ]	[ "No the computer does not think. The entire game is imaginary. A programer thought of how to show you a lot of images to convince you that you are moving through a building. They also wrote programs to interact with you so you change direction, shoot bullets or whatever, do a lot of fun things. But it was born in t...
Were there any chain stores or restaurants during the Roman Empire	[ "I hope this is ok for the rules, but i have a addon-question - if chain stores existed, were they confined to the same town or city, or were there any that existed in multiple cities at once?" ]	[ "Hello prospective respondents. Everyone loves to talk about food (and drinks!), so just a reminder of which sub we're in: it's /r/AskHistorians so no personal anecdotes, urban myths or conjecture. Respondents here are expected to have expertise in the subject, offer in-depth information and cite *reputable s...
What is the ecological impact of toilet paper?	[ "About the same as paper. Likely the most damaging part is the manufacturing process where mono-stand forests are planted and harvested regularly. Toilet paper can be recycled and perhaps this is also easier to do that it is with paper as it is flushed and can be filtered. *Bidets are off subject and nobody is bein...	[ "Cultural differences. I grew up in a country that used water+soap to clean afterwards, but when we moved to Canada we were kinda surprised that people were fine with a few wipes of tissue." ]
Why is Fentanyl being cut into heroin?	[ "when people die of fentanyl being cut into heroin, the consumers think that \"this guy died doing it, so the dealers heroin must be crazy.\" This way the dealer sells more and more money is made. Its an unethical and immoral technique but they donts cares." ]	[ "[The Straight Dope covered this](_URL_0_). Basically, they started out as being made by two different production teams, but after a certain point, they became essentially interchangeable, but they kept both names going." ]
Why is so much emphasis placed on the first 100 days of the U.S. Presidency...why not 60 or 120 or any other number?	[ "It dates back to FDR's first 100 days in office. During his first 100, he created a madhouse of policy change, bill drafting, signing, and law shifts in the nation. It was considered so intense that it became common place to measure the first 100 days of newer presidents against it. While we no longer compare to F...	[ "It's about novelty. When it's new, we cherish it and want to take care of it. Novelty eventually becomes familiarity. We see this a lot with cars. That new car, the owner is so careful. At some point, however, it becomes OK to toss that empty Big Mac box in the back seat." ]
If the sun is at zenith at noon, why is it not just as bright/dark out at 8PM (4 hours before midnight) as it is at 4AM (4 hours after)?	[ "Every meridian experiences solar noon (where the sun is highest in the sky) at a different time. It's pretty impractical to keep track of time that way if you have to synchronize with people across moderate distances, who would be using a slightly different time value. This is why we invented time zones, where we'...	[ "you actually \"deep\" sleep in ~1.5 hour cycles. if you wake up in the middle of one of those cycles you'll feel groggy. if you time it to wake at the end of those cycles, you'll feel more refreshed. in your scenario where you've slept the same amount of time, i'd guess something was disturbing your deep sleep, bu...
What's the deal with cellphone store operators?	[ "They’re authorized retailers. They have access to the wireless providers database and can setup new accounts and handle issues. The wireless provider wants a physical presence but doesn’t want to incur the cost of hiring staff, renting a physical location, etc. so they basically outsource this to someone else and...	[ "It is because you have to be fitted for the contacts. The doctor has to make sure they fit right. If they don't fit, the contacts might be blurry, they might come out easily, or they might tear/injure your eye. _URL_0_" ]
When all the stars have died out, and there only black holes left, after the black holes all have eaten each other/grown into even bigger black holes, what happens when there is only one giant black hole left? Does it eat the Universe?	[ "Hubble expansion dominates gravity on the scale of galactic superclusters. Blackholes are also emitting Hawking Radiation. Check out the wikipedia article on \"ultimate fate of the universe\" for the theories on what will eventually happen." ]	[ "So, do you mean on the edge of the event horizon? (some one will be able to sort of answer you on that.) Or do you mean inside the event horizon, on the possible surface of what is believed to be a singularity? cause we don't know that one at all, it gets weird in there." ]
How can a dog bark for hours on end without seemingly losing its "voice"? My neighbor's dog barks for 8 to 12 hours straight every week day.	[ "The same way some people (I'm looking at you, Strom Thurmond), can talk for hours and hours. To a dog, barking is not \"shouting\", it's more like just talking is to us." ]	[ "The moon takes approximately one month to orbit the earth once. In the meantime, the earth is spinning underneath the moon once ever 24 hours. So we see the moon rise and set like the sun because of the earth's rotation, but the time that the moon rises/sets becomes later and later over the course of 27 days becau...
If I bake a cake at 175°f. Will the cake bake twice as slow?y Will the inside cook and outside be raw?	[ "You need to turn the water into steam, so 212F for that, and the baking soda needs to break down into carbon dioxide at 176F. In addition there is carmelization at (mostly 320F), and the maillard reaction (varies) that my impart some flavor depending on the reaction. All require higher temperatures. If you had the...	[ "* A \"Sell-By\" date tells the store how long to display the product for sale. You should buy the product before the date expires. It is a stock control system for the stores. * A \"Best By (or Before)\" date is recommended for best flavor or quality. It is not a purchase or safety date. It is a guarantee for the ...
Is anything truly random in nature?	[ "Yes. Many quantum mechanical processes are truly random. For example, when a photon reaches a [beam splitter](_URL_0_), there is no way to determine which way it will go, no matter how much you know about the system before hand." ]	[ "It is pretty simple. The average of whatever experiment you are doing (flipping coin/rolling dice) should approach the expected value the more times you repeat the experiment. For example, if you are rolling a die, the expected value is 3.5. If you only roll the die a couple times, you might have averages pretty d...
How come reddit posts only have about a thousand points, but ones on sites like 9gag have 50k?	[ "There is an algorithm that counts votes and displays numbers. The more upvotes a post has, the less an additional upvote is counted. The number of downvotes and upvotes shown are not direct counters on the clicks. This was not the case very early on, so when you check out the top posts of all time some of the very...	[ "Cooked something really nice? Show it. Lost a few/lot of extra pounds? Show your transformation off. Have kids that make you feel proud to be their parents? Show why you are. Have cats that you love? Sure why not, just show it, people love animals. People like to show others things that they are proud of." ]
Why do our teeth feel dirty after sleeping?	[ "When you brush your teeth at night, your teeth are clean and smooth. When you sleep, your mouth isn't moving the saliva around your teeth like it does when you're asleep. Plaque accumulates naturally from your saliva. Because your mouth is mainly stagnant when sleeping, the plaque is just staying on the surface of...	[ "It doesn't, the ad was intended to make you associate Colgate with feeling virtuous and then want to buy Colgate the next time you're at the store." ]
Good places to learn the history of China online?	[ "You might find Jonathan Spence a good starting point. His \"Search for Modern China\" is one of the standard college texts in use. There are some good lectures up here, to start you off: [_URL_0_] There's also a lot of good content on the UCSD Modern China website, but a lot of it is quite academic: [_URL_1_](_URL...	[ "Get a feel for what you are reading. Ask yourself do all their arguments follow? Are they sometimes making leaps of logic? Are they priviliging/relying one group of sources, if they are do they explain why? What perspective is the book written from, how might this affect the focus of the book? Are they making bad/...
Why are VW busses/beetles stereotypically "Hippy" even though VW has a lot of negative connotations with Nazi Germany?	[ "In the states, there is almost no association of VW with Nazi Germany. The only association i've ever seen to that effect is here on reddit" ]	[ "Any soldiers who served in both Vietnam and WWII would have been field grade or higher officers, or senior NCOs. As far as I'm aware, there are no available numbers for men who served in both wars, but the army has kept track of three-time Combat Infantryman Badge awardees, almost all of whom saw combat in WWII, K...
Why aren't condemned prisoners connected to an EEG machine during execution?	[ "The Excecutions are not performed by medical staff. Cause medical staff refuses to assist in such killings. I doubt a non-professional could properly work or read an EEG machine anyway." ]	[ "You seem to be describing a variant of the [ladder paradox](_URL_0_), just using a train and tunnel instead of a ladder and a garage, he he. > What does the outside observer see? The outside observer sees the front guillotine make a cut, then later after the train has passed further through the tunnel, the back g...
How does a "Whammy Bar", or Tremolo Bar, work?	[ "The bridge is held in place by springs in the body, which allows the bridge to rock back and forth. When you do that, you gradually adjust the tension on the strings, bending the pitch up and down. If you pull off the backplate of the guitar you'll see the springs." ]	[ "I do telephone and we use a TDR (time domain reflectometer) that sends a pulse out and times how long it takes an echo to return the unit (based on a given gauge of wire) and it shows the length on the wire. We have records that indicate what the distance should be and compare that to the result." ]
Does my dog want to play fetch with me because he enjoys it or because he thinks I enjoy it?	[ "Not an explanation just my fucked up reasoning : To get my dog to actually start fetching the toy instead of keep running away with it was to act very excited everytime he got it. So maybe they believe it's both?" ]	[ "You start with a reward based system. For instance; every time they hear a bell, a treat appears in the bowl across the room. Once they finally understand that sound = reward, you simply move the source of the sound further away until they stop noticing and take note of the distance. For sight it's a similar proc...
Why are so many people allergic to peanuts?	[ "Apparently there are 13 different proteins in the peanut that contain amino acid sequences to which antibodies attach (\"epitopes\"). People with peanut allergies usually have a specific immunoglobulin (IgE) that recognizes these epitopes from peanut proteins, and generates a massive immune/inflammatory response.....	[ "\"Just about everyone here\" Where is \"here\" for you? It sounds like your question's premise is based on a small sample set based on personal observation. Before your question is addressed, you should be making sure the premise is valid..." ]
Can a cold virus be transmitted via vaginal secretions during cunnilingus? My husband has a big work week ahead and can't afford to be sick. There would be no kissing of the mouth, obviously!	[ "Med student here. The cold virus has never been isolated from vaginal secretions or semen, as far as I'm aware. However, the chance of spreading the cold virus is still high with any close contact or intimate contact. Same thing goes for receiving oral sex. You're much less likely to become infected with a cold th...	[ "> What is the sure fire, guaranteed way to cure a hangover fast? If there isn't, why is it so difficult? The main reason is that there's little need to research a cure, because hangovers are 100% preventable. This is a condition where there are no victims, only volunteers." ]
The difference between voltage and current.	[ "Current is the amount of water flowing over a waterfall. Voltage is how high the waterfall is." ]	[ "One of them shits on the poor and tells them to dodge. The other shits on the poor while pretending it's sending gifts." ]
Why do we in Canada pay so much more for gas than people in the United States?	[ "Taxes. Your taxes run anywhere from $0.64 USD/US Gal to $1.552 USD/US Gal, in the United States, the highest taxes I believe are in California, which is 0.713 USD/US Gal." ]	[ "Yes. It is currently the highest it has been in 3 million years, but it has been higher in the past. For example, during the early Jurassic period (dinosaur times) it was five times what it is now. Also, oil isn’t “dead dinosaurs”. It is vastly more ancient dead plankton." ]
What's the difference between generic and "brand name" prescriptions.	[ "The active ingredients must be the same, by law. The differences come to medications that are extended-release or any other cases where the inactive ingredients might be some proprietary formula. So the active ingredients in extended-release brand-name Tylenol and extended release Acetaminophen might be the sa...	[ "The school is selling cookies to raise money. S & P 500 is a collection of the 500 highest selling students. Dow (Dow Jones Industrial Average) is the average of the schools 30 best students. NASDAQ is the schools largest bake sale (stock exchange), but students can't buy baked good from each other, it's done via...
Could the Large Hadron Collider (or something similar to it) be used to transmute elements or reverse alpha decay?	[ "No practically. Particle colliders collisions are much too fleeting (interaction cross section is small) and require much too much energy to maintain the beams. What you want for fusion is high temperature confinement. You want a plasma which is hot and dense and unable to leave those conditions. There are two m...	[ "Watched Sum of All Fears last night? You might want to look into the Monitoring Capabilities of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). You can read a bit about it here: _URL_0_ Basically, radiochemical analysis can tell you information about the bomb design and the metallurgical refinement techniques of the fis...
What did Rick Perry actually do?	[ "He told a person that she should resign. She said, no, she didn't want to resign. He said that if she didn't resign, he would veto all funding to her office. She didn't. He did. He was indicted for using his veto power inappropriately and coercively." ]	[ "If Jesus is never explicitly stated as a carpenter, how did this myth come about?" ]
How was homosexuality viewed in the Mongolian Empire?	[ "From what I understand of the Mongolian Empire in which you refer, there were indeed specific tenants put into place that would have made homosexuality a view that was not tolerated. In the book, Genghis Khan: The Emperor of All Men, there is a basic list of laws in place to govern the Mongol people, and in fact ...	[ "This submission has been removed because it is [soapboxing](_URL_1_.), [promoting a political agenda, or moralizing](_URL_0_). We don't allow content that does these things because they are detrimental to unbiased and academic discussion of history." ]
Why do comercial planes only calculate exactly how much fuel they add in instead of just filling it all the way up?	[ "Extra fuel means extra weight, which results in more fuel burned. You've heard the phrase \"time is money\"? With airlines it's \"weight is money.\"" ]	[ "Stations charge by the second to run a commercial. Shaving down to the most recognizable parts after the long version has run saves money." ]
How does Missile Approach Warning (MAW) systems work?	[ "A lot of them use passive IR and UV sensors to detect the rocket motor's signature as it launches. From the direction and rate of change in direction you can get an idea of where the missile is going (if the relative bearing is steady and constant it's coming right at you, for example). If the missile is radar gui...	[ "The amygdala is to blame for the cringe. The amygdala associates emotions to memories and stores them in long term memory (hippocampus). There's two theories, one evolutionary, and one physiological. Evolutionary Theory: The sound resembles a cry of alarm at some point in the evolutionary lane. Physiological Theo...
Why can't we test for neurotransmitter levels in the body?	[ "Neurotransmitters generally pop out of one neuron and are very quickly absorbed by the next neuron. The only way to measure neurotransmitter levels in your nervous system would be to stick a measuring probe into your brain, your spinal cord, or your nerves, all of which have a very high probability of damaging som...	[ "Light is relatively easy to capture and reproduce; the information it conveys when arranged in a particular fashion is mostly static. Smell, touch and taste all require far more complex interactions involving not just light but complicated chemical reactions which depend on huge amounts of factors almost impossibl...
how do astronauts deal with sweat odor?	[ "This is a great question that I hope gets answered. I fear the answer might be that it just smells terrible and they get used to it. They don't tells us so we don't picture a big poopship circling in orbit." ]	[ "I'm writing a story with relatively hard science, and it involves someone from Earth with no governmental oversight flying spacecraft around the solar system. How hard would it be for us on Earth with modern technology to notice this, and what would give it away if we did? For example, would we easily notice the w...
Why does touching the bulbs from headlights damage them but most other lightbulbs are fine to touch?	[ "To sum up, you leave oil from your fingers after touching a halogen bulb. When you turn the bulb on, the spot with the oil will heat up more than the rest of the bulb and can also cause the spot to warp and crack. All of this will cause the bulb to stop working early. This extends to any halogen bulb, car or house...	[ "Your car acts as a [Helmhotz resonator](_URL_1_), just like when you blow in a bottle, but the frequency is obviously much lower because a car is much larger than a wine bottle. You can also look [here](_URL_0_) for more comments." ]
Is it possible to disconnect a power source and swap it to another without crashing the computer? How fast will this "swap" have to be?	[ "Just in case you want a practical answer instead of a theoretical one: What you are looking for is called a UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply). It is a box that has a small battery that you plug your computer into. It gives you enough time to save everything and shut down properly in case of a power outage. So yo...	[ "your body doesn't take chances. So when ever any kind of stress comes along (Physical or emotional) it does the same thing: gets ready to act. you feel it change suddenly because that's exactly what happens. It immediately changes how fast and strong its beating to supply your body with more energy to deal with wh...

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