Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
When cops go undercover and pretend to be prostitutes or drug dealers, how is that not entrapment?	[ "Entrapment is inducing someone to act in a way that they would not otherwise have acted. They key to making a clean arrest is to treat it like fishing: put some bait out (e.g. a hooker on the corner) and wait for the target to take the bait. If they take the bait all on their own, they have acted normally, and not...	[ "They don't. It's a marketing ~~lie~~ gimmick. I used to work for a company that did a similar thing by mail. New customers were supposed to sign up by a certain time for special rates but as a specific matter of policy we'd give those rates to anyone who mailed back the special offer." ]
High-Output Heart Failure: Why RVF before LVF?	[ "It’s about the capacity of that muscle to do the work. The RV is thin walled and designed to pump against a low resistance circuit. Usually these conditions (carcinoid, AV fistula, hyperthyroid) are associated with tachycardia and some increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The LV is thick and built to work ag...	[ "It depends on how close the explosion was to ground level, and how big it was, how much protective gear you are wearing, and how long you would be staying (are you coming out of hiding just to leave the area, or are you planning to live there?) TLDR: Bigger warheads, and detonations that are closer to the ground ...
When a drug is legalized or decriminalized (state or nationwide), what happens legally to all the people currently in prison or with former felony/misdemeanor charges based on that drug?	[ "They remain in jail. because their actions were criminal at the time they did it. Of course, it is possible that the governor/president commutes their prison sentences or pardons them, but that's extraneous with regards to legalization; it's not required or a de-facto part of the legalization process." ]	[ "Anaesthesia technically requires 3 drugs. One is an 'anaesthetic' this is a drug that lowers the level of conciousness. These are what put you to sleep, they're usually synergistic with pain medications and can prevent memory formation. The second drug we give is a paralytic, literally something to paralyze the mu...
How does Shazam work?	[ "Shazam does work by magic. From the wiki [Shazam](_URL_0_): > In his secret identity, he is William Joseph \"Billy\" Batson, a young boy who was chosen to be a champion of good by the wizard Shazam. Whenever Billy speaks the wizard's name, he is struck by a magic thunderbolt that transforms him into an adult supe...	[ "It usually seems to choose my least favourite songs and repeat them over and over. There's some serious science in there, I'm sure." ]
How android is still controlled by Google though it is an open source project	[ "They can release it in the sense that it would be available on their own website but they don't have the ability to push an update to peoples phones. I can tell you in great detail about all the objects in my house and their location but even with that information you can't change my house layout without my key to...	[ "Basically from what I understand there's a few simple reasons. One, it's too make sure there is no risk of those people making money off of their IP. Two, that runs the risk of bad press." ]
Why does timing affect a joke being told but not the same joke being read?	[ "Most of the time you intuitively know how to read a joke in order to not spoil the punchline too fast and for it to be funny. Some people even put some empty lines inbetween the \"body\" of the joke and the punchline when posting a joke on the Internet. That's supposed to emulate the timing as if it was spoken and...	[ "If an astronaut travels a distance of 50 lightyears at highly relativistic speeds, he or she would experience much less than 50 years. People on Earth would experience 50 years. This is basically how relativistic time dilation works. Remember that time is completely subjective, it depends entirely on your frame of...
Why do I hear no music when I push an earbud deeper into my ear?	[ "Earbuds make sound by making waves in the air between the speaker and your eardrum. If you seal the ear canal tight and compress the air even tighter, the speaker needs to work harder to make waves. Cheap earbuds under low voltage can't move the air." ]	[ "You could have [tinnitus](_URL_0_). You should see a doctor if you want any further information, since asking for medical advice is not allowed in this forum." ]
Why is a rising sun a different color from the setting sun?	[ "_URL_13_ _URL_2_ _URL_14_ _URL_10_ _URL_5_ _URL_9_ _URL_3_ _URL_7_ _URL_15_ _URL_6_ _URL_11_ _URL_18_ _URL_17_ _URL_12_ _URL_0_ _URL_8_ _URL_4_ _URL_1_ _URL_16_" ]	[ "For the same reason that running scissors over a ribbon causes it to curl. The act of shading the paper not only lays down the pigment, but stretches the paper slightly, deforming it." ]
What did medieval Greek clothing look like?	[ "Medieval Greeks inherited elements from both the Romans and the Ancient Greeks. The peasants' clothing was simple: Stola for women, Pallium for men; these were basically square blankets. They would often wear mantles in winter to warn off the cold. The Chasuble or Phelonion were worn both by the clergy and some pe...	[ "This is a broad question do you have a specific time period or place in mind?" ]
How did HIV/AIDS mutate from SIV (Simian immunodeficiency virus), and become more concentrated in the LGBTQ community versus the heterosexual community by 1981?	[ "This looks like a question more suited for an ask science or ask biology sub. Better luck there." ]	[ "> i guess sometime before louis the 14th and after the fall of Rome. Could you please resubmit with a more specific time period in mind? We prefer not to have such broad, throughout history questions here." ]
How do microwaves work?	[ "It fires beams of radiation at food. Inside the food you find water molecules. Basically the radiation makes these molecules move about a bit, as they do this heat is generated which is transfered to the rest of the food." ]	[ "To add to this, how does a round piece of plastic with grooves somehow play music just by spinning and having a needle move over it?" ]
Why was videography and photography first invented in black and white and not straight into color? How was color added later on?	[ "Black and white film is a bunch of [silver salt](_URL_1_) crystals suspended in gel. Exposed to light, the silver salt reacts, and (once you add developer chemicals) becomes translucent or opaque. Color information isn't stored, only intensity of light. Obviously you can't get color photos unless color information...	[ "Some exercise/workout videos do show the move from behind. Showing the move from behind requires a separate video crew who has to film the move from behind, but stay out of the view of the main camera. Many exercise video productions are extremely low budget, and either don't want to spend the money on it, or don'...
Question on Alan Turing	[ "Turing was arrested in 1952, and died in 1954. Gay sex was illegal in the US too at the time, \"sodomy\" laws still existed in 13 states until the Supreme Court declared them unconstitutional in 2003. France might have worked. They hadn't had laws criminalizing gay sex since 1791. But there was still a lot of soci...	[ "Apparently they were genuinely worried about tyranny and thought they would be praised for their deed. _URL_0_" ]
Why are bicycles so much more efficient than running?	[ "Because bicycles can convert a few turns of the gear into many turns of the wheel, and when biking you do not have to always pedal to always be moving. In running, every single inch you move is paid for by your exertion." ]	[ "No one completely knows, but the leading theories are: * Your body, out of glucose, has just switched over to using fats and proteins for energy * Endorphins kick in, giving you a high that makes you less hampered by the discomfort of exhaustion * It's purely psychological" ]
What is the difference between cocoa and cacao?	[ "Cacao powder: made by cold-pressing unroasted cocoa beans, which keeps the enzymes in the cocoa and removes the fat (cacao butter). Cocoa powder is raw cacao that's been roasted at high temperatures." ]	[ "Is the Orthodox Church older than the Catholic Church?" ]
Why are so many creatures in places like South America and Australia venomous and dangerous, as opposed to the UK or europe?	[ "South America and Australia simply have more species of animals. More species means a wide variety and so you're more likely to find dangerous ones. There's also plenty of completely harmless animals in these places but they just don't make the news as much. As to why these regions have more species there are many...	[ "It's all about absorbing sunlight. Skin color is due to the amount of [melanin](_URL_1_) in the skin. You can see [in this map](_URL_2_) that darker skin colors are found nearest to the equator. As our ancestors moved in to areas ~~with more cloud cover (rainy England, for example)~~ where sunlight is less concent...
Why is time considered an Illusion?	[ "Time isn't an illusion, it's a fundamental parameter of the universe. It's not a construct of human imagination it's an inherent property of the universe." ]	[ "[This is my favorite example of this](_URL_0_) If you imagine a cube as being 6 squares that, when laid flat, form a cross pattern (picture on the left), you can imagine it being possible to travel from the top square to the bottom one, when it is put together like a cube. However in 2 dimensions, there is no way ...
What effect do storm clouds have on radio waves?	[ "MW or FM? Negative temperature air gradients (warm air below, cold air on top) create wave ducts that are similar to optical mirages, so VHF frequencies (FM band) reach further away for relatively short times. _URL_0_" ]	[ "Not noticeably, no. Bring a hot cup of coffee into the car instead, it will work much better than Metallica." ]
Is it possible to transform martian soil into fertile soil through bacteria and fungi?	[ "You’d have to find a way to thicken the atmosphere first. If we had bacteria or fungi that could function in a near vacuum. Add to that the problem that water boils at about 10c on Mars, and you’ve got a bit of a problem." ]	[ "To add a concrete example to what's already been stated: [The Sahara desert fertilizes the Amazon rainforest.](_URL_0_) Equatorial trade winds carry mineral dust (carbonates and oxides, mostly) from the Bodele depression in the Sahara to South America, significantly increasing the productivity of the Amazon basin....
Why do humans cringe and get Goosebumps from certain sounds and textures, like nails on a chalkboard?	[ "Brain imaging shows that when we hear an unpleasant noise, the amygdala (active in processing emotions) adjusts the response of the auditory cortex (part of the brain that processes sound) which heightens activity and triggers a negative emotional reaction. It appears that the emotional part of the brain, the amyg...	[ "Because you read an article that oversimplifies things, possibly. First, there are many anxiety disorders, with different causes and different treatments, and not every treatment will work for any specific case. For some cases, in fact, being wrapped in a blanket may well trigger an anxiety attack! In generali...
Why do people react to someone else vomiting by vomiting themselves?	[ "My bio teacher in high school explained that it goes back to the days when an entire tribe would hunt and eat the same thing. So if one person vomited, then you would want to vomit too because you ate the same thing. Even though we all eat on our own now, the impulse remains to vomit when you see someone else do i...	[ "Animals also get “grossed out” by certain orders. Cats aren’t very fond of vinegar for example. The difference in us and them is they aren’t as dramatic as “we” are. They don’t like a smell, they will shy away from it. “We” have too make it known it’s not a pleasant odor. I think in part it is a way we communicate...
How did societies enforce the law before police were a thing?	[ "There were always enforcers, members of the tribe that enforced the rules, they just didn't have job titles." ]	[ "In the UK, we had a [knocker-up](_URL_0_) , who was a guy with a big stick and would tap on your bedroom window when it was time to get up. No idea who woke him up though." ]
How much damage would a nuclear weapon the size of a bullet do?	[ "None. You can't make a nuclear weapon the size of a bullet. To make a nuclear weapon, you need enough weapons grade fissable material to create a fission bomb. Fusion bombs still need a fission stage to cause the fusion." ]	[ "The more important questions are what is your concept of \"so much\"? And does it matter? How much does it matter? [Beta radiation has the weakest penetration power](_URL_0_)." ]
Why CRT TV's have that line going through them when recorded by a camera	[ "CRTS work by an electron beam scanning down the screen line by line hitting phosphoros dots and lighting them up. It does this 50 times a second. At the same time a camera is effectively doing the reverse, it is sampling it's light sensor line by line, 50 times a second. The problem is that the scan rates are rare...	[ "Retailers used a small machine with two rollers that made a carbon copy of your details and those of the retailer on a triplicate carbon copy slip. That is the reason your credit card still has raised lettering in the front. You got one copy, the retailer kept one and the other copy was submitted to the bank for c...
To the best of our knowledge, what is the oldest living language?	[ "Follow-up question: Which language is most similar to one of the oldest proto-languages we have reconstructed? i.e. which language has changed the least, and can therefore be considered the \"oldest\" since it is most similar to an older language?" ]	[ "There has been. Esperanto was designed after World War 2 to reduce the possibility of war due to miscommunication." ]
Why does German milk have such a long shelf life?	[ "That milk may be Ultra pasteurized. That is heating milk to a much higher temperature and for a longer period during the pasteurization process. It does make it more stable and last longer but it also changes the taste and texture of the milk and many people do not like it. But if you do that is great." ]	[ "Your question reminded me of this frikkin awesome documentary of about planned obsolescence. [Video snippet](_URL_0_), and the whole documentary, I can't find... but Im sure someone else may be able to. ELI5 version: Because companies want you to keep them in business." ]
When Graphene is used in practical applications, it’s obviously not still 1 atom thick. So how is Graphene different than Graphite?	[ "I think the difference is that graphene is a relatively large single sheet of atoms a single layer thick. Each layer is discrete and has all the properties of graphene. Graphite is made up of a ton of really tiny pieces of graphene all jumbled together so they slide around and don't do all the things graphene does...	[ "Ask Reddit is for personal opinions, stories, and the like. Essentially subjective answers to questions without hard answers. Something like \"whats your favorite food\" is a good post there ELI5 is for getting a simplified answer or explanation to a question that you don't understand. A good thread here would som...
Why do people blame the president for all of the countries ails instead of congress?	[ "A common old expression in business is \"one throat to choke\". It means that when things go wrong, you want one individual, not two or some group or committee, that you can point at as accountable to fix it or accept accountability and any recompense for the problem. It's a lot easier to do it with an individual ...	[ "For the same reason that you always hear the term \"semiautomatic assault rifle\" when someone decides to go on a rampage. Its sensationalism. Ordinarily, specifics like that are used to reach something deeper inside of our heads to make us react in a more meaningful way , thus increasing ratings/sales." ]
Airsoft: what are these guns for?	[ "It's for the same purpose as paintball. You can run around shooting your friends with airsoft (with proper protective gear), or shooting targets. You DONT want to shoot your friends with BB's, and airsoft can often be easier to operate and require less maintenance and equipment than a paintball gun." ]	[ "Do you ever repetitively click a pen? Or jingle the change in your pocket? Or chew your nails? Or throw a baseball with a friend or your kid? Or play with a stress ball? Or... Or... or... or... Why do people do those things? I think you're right that you're probably over thinking it and it's just a toy." ]
Why can you get more power out of a V-engine compared to a boxer engine?	[ "one engine won't give you more than the other, it all depends on the engineering that went into each engine. what you do get is different characteristics. boxer engines have a more linear torque curve (generally speaking) whereas V engines make a good amount of torque at lower rpm. also boxer engines have more opp...	[ "Found [a handy plot for Voyager 2](_URL_0_) and it had exceeded escape velocity for the sun and since Voyager is faster, it too must have exceeded escape velocity. Looking at the plot, the blue line shows the escape velocity. The escape velocity drops as you get farther from the sun since the gravitational pull of...
If my mother is 5'0" tall and my father is 6'7" tall, what stops me from being born with my mothers small arms and my father's giant legs?	[ "It's not like a bunch of different genes controlling arm length, height, leg length, etc. It's all controlled by the pituitary gland/growth hormone. Your genes (and environment) will determine the activity of the gland, but your growth is all influenced relatively equally by the hormone. Dwarfism and Giantism are ...	[ "For a below the knee prosthetic, the foot primarily needs to provide cushioning. Many feet have an internal structure that [curves towards the toe, but it also has a heel](_URL_1_). There may be a foot shape over top of this. The [long hook shaped prosthetics](_URL_0_) are primarily for running. They are less stab...
During early modern history, why did militaries expose themselves to fire by using a line formation?	[ "From an earlier post about bows versus muskets that might help. > I have [written](_URL_5_) quite [a bit](_URL_1_) on [the subject](_URL_6_) of [bows over muskets](_URL_4_). Perhaps also looking at these would help. /u/elos_ wrote [this post that I highly enjoy](_URL_3_). [Another post](_URL_2_) that you might hav...	[ "Imagine a huge crowd of people trying to get into a building with two doors. For them, the doors look identical, but inside the building, one of them leads to a nice, wide corridor, but the other leads into a tight maze. You dont know that one path is much easier than the other, but since the tight path is clogged...
What were relations like between the Republic of Texas and the United States 1836 - 1845?	[ "1) Yes and no they were more concerned that Texas would ally itself with Britain and for good reason 2) Hardly Under Jackson and Van Buren the policy had been too avoid annexation, stretching back to Monroe's term there had been a realization that adding Texas would increase tensions over slavery. So I would hardl...	[ "Hi there -- while we've approved this question, we would like to remind potential respondents of our [current events](_URL_0_) (AKA \"20-year\") rule -- it's fine to discuss events through 1997 (inclusive) and their effects, but not events after 1997. Thanks!" ]
Is there a difference to having the front wheels of a vehicle turn instead of having the back wheels turn?	[ "Back wheel steering gives more maneuverability. This is why it's easier to back into a tight parallel parking space than to go in head first. But, rear-wheel steering is difficult to control at high speed see [wiki](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "Your brain cells require a lot of energy to work at full capacity, and your visual processing center is a fairly large portion of your brain (relative to the amount of space your eyes take up on your body). Put simply, your brain can choose which incoming sensory information is worth dedicating chemical energy to ...
What makes us feel physically exhausted?	[ "Physical work. That stuff needs resources. Then the brain switches to exhausted mode, telling you to relax. If you eat unhealthy or something is wrong the brain can also decide, im exhausted. Its all in your brain considering that there are drugs that can block this signal and you can basically go on until you co...	[ "I'm sorry that I'm no expert, but I remember reading about this the last time a similar question was asked: _URL_0_ Basically, you percieve time faster after your run because of endorphines released during the work out, which means that the music seems slower. This is apparently also why a lot of rock musicians pl...
What exactly is freemasonry? What do freemasons do?	[ "It's just a fraternal club like the Elks or the Moose Lodge. They don't do anything creepy. They just keep their ceremonies secret. Sort of. There are a few documentaries that expose some of the ceremonies. If there was a conspiracy here then someone would have come forward just like all the people who left Scient...	[ "Being from the US you take for granted your \"US membership.\" Having trouble finding work in georgia, move to Colorado. Need a sunny vacation? Fly to California without needing a passport or visa. Have a farm in Indiana and want to sell to farmers markets in Chicago (without having to figure out exchange rates or...
how do decibels work?	[ "First, a minor terminology nitpick/pedantry: a \"decibel\" is just a type of ratio - an increase by 1 dB basically means a 12% increase. When we talk about a 40 dB sound, we mean a sound that's 100 times louder than the quietest sound a person can hear. But you're asking about sound intensity. Sound is a wave, and...	[ "I believe it's the quality of the speakers or the system I should say." ]
Why do perishable ingredients such as butter, milk, or eggs no longer have to be refrigerated after they've been baked into a cake or cookies?	[ "Butter, milk and eggs don't have to be refrigerated. It's customary, particularly in the United States, to keep them in the refrigerator, but it isn't necessary. Interestingly, this is one reason why many people struggle to make simple egg dishes, like omelets. The cooking of eggs was most thoroughly explored in...	[ "Basically, the federal government spends the money congress says it should spend; we have a lot of that money in yearly budgets (congress passes appropriations bills, that basically say spend $x for y,z... between Oct/1 and Sept 30); all those appropriations bills expire on Oct 1, so after that, the federal govern...
What do you see when you "see" an image in your mind?	[ "From my understanding (and if there are any neurologists please come and correct me) it’s less about seeing and more about stimulating the same firing pattern across your neurons as if you had seen it. Essentially you can force your brain to act as if something was happening when it hasn’t." ]	[ "Human's greatest ability and the secret to our success is our ability to recognize and use patterns. Speech, writing, music, math, science, and all our other accomplishments are patterns that build upon the knowledge of the humans before us. Imagining something that does not exist is just figuring out something th...
Why do animals look you in the eye?	[ "OP note: it is spelled 'piqued' in this instance" ]	[ "How do you know a year has passed without looking at a calendar? I imagine they sense the temperature/climate changes like anything else." ]
How can CSI tell the exact time of death	[ "One of the primary ways is by body temperature. At death, the body stops regulating its own temperature, which is usually significantly different from the ambient temperature. If the body is in a place where the ambient temperature was known (outside, somewhere with a thermostat, etc.) it's reasonably easy to calc...	[ "They don't actually know, and they don't actually care. That deal is the same price you can always get, regardless of when you call. They simply put a countdown in the advertisement to encourage impulse purchases." ]
How do Scandinavian companies deal with the problem of having less people on their workforce when a person takes parental leave?	[ "You hire a temp. The same way you deal with someone who has to take medical leave or any other sort of extended absence. It's not just Scandinavian countries that offer extended parental leaves BTW. It's most of the world." ]	[ "Studios, apart from money, already have resources to produce these. It's like asking if a VW Beetle is manufactured purely by just spending money. There's a factory already in place, and they purchase the raw materials and sell the result. So the studio will pay for these things, and they keep the returns. The dis...
Aircraft flying in cruise speed - why can I increase my speed without gaining altitude ?	[ "Q1: If you keep all other controls the same, when you increase throttle, your speed remains the same and you climb. If you increase the throttle and adjust your pitch to remain level, your speed increases. Q2: You adjust the pitch such that you don't have enough lift to take off yet while you gain speed. If you ke...	[ "Imagine firing a bullet fast enough that it falls toward Earth at the rate the Earth curves beneath it. Its always accelerating towards the center of the Earth but never gets any closer. This is precisely what the ISS and other satellites are doing." ]
Why is it that when a window is open in my room, all the doors close much easier?	[ "The air pulled into the room by closing the door escapes the window when it is open. When it's closed, the air resistance on the door is greater." ]	[ "I'm not an expert in Australian weather terms, but here in Canada we actually have two different terms for this kind of thing: humidex and wind chill. The humidex is used in summer, and is typically higher than the \"real temperature\", because humid air feels hotter than drier air. The body cools itself by swea...
How do defense attorneys deal with clients that they know are guilty of the crimes the client is charged with?	[ "> What are the lawyers options? They can follow their oath and defend their client to the best of their ability, or they can refuse to represent them and forfeit payment. The latter may also put their license to practice law in jeopardy depending on the circumstances. Even people who commit crimes deserve their ri...	[ "They don't. It's a marketing ~~lie~~ gimmick. I used to work for a company that did a similar thing by mail. New customers were supposed to sign up by a certain time for special rates but as a specific matter of policy we'd give those rates to anyone who mailed back the special offer." ]
If botox is the most lethal substance known to man, how and why do we use it for cosmetic surgery?	[ "its all about controlled dosage. understanding how long it remains active in the system. Spacing injections both by time and location to stay within safe margins. The concentration of Botox injected in patients is around 0.75 ng per 100 units, or roughly 1/5 of the estimated lethal dose in humans. Typical injecti...	[ "Well it's essentially down to the fact that the mind picks up more from visual clues about where sound is coming from. > \"Ventriloquism relies on the fact that the ability of the human ear to locate the source of a sound without visual and other cues is very poor. What the ventriloquist does is supply misleading...
How my laptop can boot in under 2 minutes on a dead battery but my iPhone takes upwards of 5.	[ "Your phone only runs off of its battery. So there has to be sufficient charge on the battery for it to do anything. Your laptop only runs on battery when there's no AC power available. So the battery state doesn't matter when it's plugged in; it's operational immediately." ]	[ "Imagine you're trying to find a coffee shop in a city. If you've been there recently, it should be pretty easy to find. If it's been 10 years since you've been to the coffee shop or the city, it might take you a LONG time to find. It also might take long to find if you've been to other, similar coffee shops in the...
Why do software bugs seem to "randomly" appear in code? Does the actual code change by itself over time?	[ "No, code doesn't change by itself unless the media it is contained on (or transferred through) corrupts it somehow in which case that isn't a bug (as it is usually unusable at that point). Simply put, a bug is just code behaving in an untended way. Either because the coder(s) made a mistake or failed to account fo...	[ "The outside of cells and virus cells are covered in chemicals. Different cells are covered in different chemicals. Specific chemicals stick to other specific chemicals. Other chemicals don't do anything. It can help to think of it like many different colors of velcro. Blue velcro only sticks to blue velcro, it doe...
Why doesn't my prism refract my LED light?	[ "It does refract your LED light. The light will be [bent](_URL_2_) by the glass. You're probably thinking of [dispersion](_URL_1_). That requires a light source with multiple wavelengths. [Here's a comparison of the spectrum from a few different white-light sources including an LED. ](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "Rocks are not homogenous isotropic materials. Cracks propagate as microscopic tips. When they interact with grains or crystals it can deflect the crack. So without a perfect 3d model of the rock at micro scale it is impossible to perfectly predict crack propagation." ]
what is the difference between domestic terror and domestic acts of random violence.	[ "Random violence is random and indiscriminate and has no purpose. Terrorism is violence meant to get attention for a cause, scare the population and pressure the government into taking some sort of action." ]	[ "_URL_0_ \"The Milwaukee protocol (MP), a procedure reported to prevent death after the onset of rabies symptoms, has been performed over 26 times since its inception in 2004 but has only saved one life. Overwhelming failure has lead health officials to label the protocol, a red herring.\"" ]
Food/biology - Why do I begin to lose my appetite for pizza after 5 days of straight pizza intake?	[ "This is probably more likely your taste receptors becoming less sensitized to the flavors in the food, similar to how your nose becomes used to a particular odor after a while and you can no longer smell it." ]	[ "Johnny loves math, he's very good at it. But every summer break in between grades, he doesn't practice his math. He does other things like skating, baseball, and playing spin the bottle. No math equations or learning takes place all summer long. When Johnny returns to school, his brain hasn't kept up on math what...
Why can’t we eat some food raw, instead we cook/boil/steam it until we can eat it in that form?	[ "Pretty sure you can eat agonist anything raw if you're savage enough, it's just not recommended due to bacteria etc...also most things taste better cooked...IMO" ]	[ "That's just it. It takes a while to amass information and use it. An animal just does whatever comes natural, aka 'instinct'. But humans are taught and trained and learn and practice and... and... Layers and layers of information and training to get us to the point where we can actually achieve more than the previ...
Is it possible to create a second internet for people fed up with the hijacking of internet freedom by corporations and governments?	[ "Yes, and some of the smartest people in the field are [working on it](_URL_2_)." ]	[ "Better the devil you know than the devil you don't. If a new football/soccer league started, first of all, not every team would join it over FIFA. What we'd actually get is competition. Say maybe 30% of teams join the New League (NL) and the rest stick with FIFA. Now both companies are fighting for ratings, fighti...
How were Americans treated/viewed in Japan (Tokyo specifically) during the Taishō era? (1912-1926)	[ "> Were US students allowed to attend the University of Tokyo? I don't know if they were allowed earlier, but the first non-Japanese American to graduate from the University of Tokyo was Don Cyril Gorham, who graduated in March 1941. So if there were any American students in the Taisho period, they didn't graduate ...	[ "You're going to have to be more specific. Do you mean early church as in St. Thomas? If so, there would be no need to communicate with Rome. They weren't Roman Catholics and the doctrine of Papal primacy hadn't been fully developed yet. If you mean the coming of the Portuguese, they would've worked through a nunci...
is there an evolutionary reason that we/dolphins have recreational sex?	[ "Do animals know that the purpose of intercourse is for bearing offspring?" ]	[ "Please use the search function. _URL_11_ _URL_12_ _URL_13_ _URL_11_ _URL_12_ _URL_11_ _URL_12_ _URL_13_ _URL_12_ _URL_13_ _URL_13_ TL;DR: Why is a bad question with no good answer. We can't tell entirely with other animals, because we can't directly communicate though anecdotally, many seem to." ]
Will antihydrogen still annihilate in a collision with bigger, more complicated molecules?	[ "If antiprotons didn't annihilate with the protons in normal matter, we could easily bottle up the antiprotons. The antiprotons and positrons will annihilate the electrons and the protons in the elements. And the energy from the proton antiproton annihilation will probably fragment the nucleus. _URL_1_ _URL_0_" ]	[ "Have you ever wondered what's inside your bouncy ball? Imagine it was too small to cut but you really, really wanted to know. What you might want to try is throwing it into something so hard that it breaks and you can see the smaller parts. Of course, if you only have another bouncy ball because that's the only th...
Why does the USPS use jeeps to deliver mail?	[ "> Why does the USPS use jeeps to deliver mail? They don't. Or at least, I've never seen one. The iconic \"mail truck\" is the the [Grumman LLV (Long Life Vehicle)](_URL_0_), and they're so durable that they haven't had to purchase new ones since 1994." ]	[ "Google doesn't have polar satellites (pass directly over the poles). As such the images are the corners of other ones, and as was said in the other post, making flat images round causes bending/stretching" ]
By what method does Google Translate detect the language of input texts?	[ "Same way you would. You recognizance that the words in this sentence are English words, so you guess that I'm in fact writing in English. Och du ser att orden i den här meningen inte är engelska, eftersom att de är svenska (and you see that the words in this sentence are not English, as they are Swedish) And googl...	[ "Have you ever those reCaptcha tests that ask you to select the squares with street signs in them? They are used to help teach self driving cars how to identify what is and isn't a street sign. Edit: CPG Grey does a video about it - _URL_0_" ]
Why are works of art like The Scream and The Mona Lisa considered masterpieces?	[ "If you search on the term \"Mona\" in this sub, you'll find a heck of a lot of answers for that part of your question. The cliffnotes version for the Mona Lisa is that it's not that technically amazing, it's a fantastically well done piece by one of history's most famous people, but the piece itself only gained ...	[ "There may be earlier examples, but I do know about the Moche Warrior queen, discovered back in 2006. She was a tattooed mummey from Huaca Cao Viejo near Trujillio, Peru. This woman died around 450 AD and had tattoos on her arms. She was also buried with weapons and other artifacts of the type found in other elite ...
Suppose you took a steel beam 100 Km long into outer space and started spinning it faster and faster about its centrepoint. What would happen when it passed 57,238 RPM and its endpoints passed the speed of light?	[ "Any real material with transverse velocity close to the speed of sound in that material will pass a rupture point where it will be sheared apart by centrifugal forces. For steel, the speed of sound is [6100 m/s](_URL_1_). But if you had some hypothetical indestructible material that doesn't bend, the disc would a...	[ "This is not easily answerable as it depends on the shape of the steak. I would argue that it can't be done because you cannot get both, the speed necessary for the temperature and the timing right (you get raw or overcooked/burnt steak). Also, you cannot get a constant temperature: High temperatures correlate with...
How exactly does the moon control tides?	[ "Gravity. As the moon orbits the earth, it pulls the earth towards it. The earth itself is pretty big and doesn't actually move towards the moon, but the water on it's surface, being liquid, does move." ]	[ "That depends on the construction of your balance. Normally, you would want the pivot point for a balance to be above the center of mass. If you tilt the balance (with equal weights on both sides), you shift the center of mass away from the line going down from the pivot point. Gravity then takes care to bring it b...
What's really going on when you feel your "heart jump up into your throat"? Usually because of surprise (like slipping and almost falling on some ice)	[ "I believe it's really just a heart palpitation... In other words, your heart is racing. I think it's due to your fight or flight system kicking in. It also can happen when you're stressed or having an anxiety attack." ]	[ "The answer to this is actually more complicated than you would think. It all boils down to the fact that the surface layer of the ice underneath the object is partially melted. However, the reason for how this top layer melts is somewhat of a scientific controversy. People used to believe that the pressure exerted...
How does the power grid differentiate what customer is using what suppliers power, when it's all going through the same transmission lines?	[ "It does not. All of the producers submit power to the same grid, and all of the customers get power form the same grid. Even in countries where the power production market is a free market, the distribution grid is managed by a single company as it is considered a natural monopoly. Every producer sells power to ...	[ "This is a hold-over from the physical book era. When physical books had to be printed, publishers had local partners in many different places in the world that did local marketing, printing, and distributing to local bookshops. So if you were in New York, you didn't have to talk to a book shop in Switzerland. The...
Why do ice cubes have bubbles in the middle?	[ "The air dissolves as the water gets cold. When the outer layers of the ice harden, the air cant release, so it condenses into the bubble" ]	[ "The bottles are pressurized to keep the CO2 in the liquid. When you open it, the bottle depressurizes and the CO2 can freely escape into the void you make by drinking some. After the bottle is opened once, you'll hear it depressurize again the second time you open it. This is the gas that has escaped since you las...
the difference between a virus, infection, and disease.	[ "A virus is a tiny particle that can infect cells. An infection is when something like a virus or bacteria gets into your body. A disease is an illness that can be caused by an infection or other factors. Viruses can cause infection and infection can lead to disease. Source: patho student" ]	[ "They're all different genres of electronic music. They're all different styles, different tempo, different time when they were created, different cultures behind them.. This website shows the progression and creation of the different genres _URL_0_" ]
Do magnets work in space? Are they the same as they are on Earth?	[ "Yes they work in space the same as the work on earth. Compasses work the same way as well but not at first glance. Magnetism isn’t dependent on gravity or our particular planet." ]	[ "Look at [this picture](_URL_0_). Pretty much gets the idea across. The lines in the picture represent magentic field lines. Note how the disk is sorta \"pinched\" between them. In that fashion the disk is held in place." ]
HIV/AIDS infections and South Africa.	[ "I think it's because they have little to no protection and preventative measures, such as blood screening, available to them." ]	[ "Race is the most important factor. Look at the bottom of the list. _URL_0_ That also explains poverty zones, like black ghettos." ]
What is the most recent area of the human brain in terms of evolution and what are its implications in our neurophysiology?	[ "The neocortex is the most recent major feature of the mammalian brain and is the center for a lot of our higher order cognitive processes. Birds and such do not have neocortex but studies on the brains of notably intelligent species has found enlarged regions that play an analogous role. Neocortex ratio is a fairl...	[ "I'd probably go for how high-calorie food tastes delicious. Obviously in a natural competitive environment, food's not readily available, and so the sense of taste evolved to enable identification of high-calorie food (as well as identifying bitter poisons) so you can find the best possible food to keep you from s...
If an airplane cabin is pressurized, why do I have to pop my ears throughout the flight?	[ "Because they are not pressurised to sea level, but to 8000ft. This is the best trade off between comfort, fuel efficiency and structural engineering." ]	[ "Your whole high school is in the gym for an assembly. The presentation comes to an end and everyone needs to leave all at once. If you never open the doors, people will never leave. If you open one door, how long will it take for everyone to leave? If you open all the doors, how long will it take for everyone t...
Why was there such a big turnover of Roman emperors during the course of the third century?	[ "This period was known as \"The Crisis of the Third Century\" and was teh first period in which the Roman Empire was in serious danger of \"collapsing.\" By the middle of the third century, the Empire had split into three parts: the Gallic Empire, the Palmyrene Empire and the Roman Empire. Each was headed by Romans...	[ "In addition to [Pompeiian graffiti](_URL_1_) and other [epigraphy](_URL_3_), much of which was quite crude, we also have the books for a number of comedic plays by [Plautus](_URL_4_) and [Terence](_URL_0_) and satirical poems by [Horace](_URL_5_) and [Juvenal](_URL_2_). And what were they like? Much like humor in ...
Why do some oceanic earthquakes cause tsunamis while others do not?	[ "It depends on the movement of the faults, or breaks in the rock. Imagine your hands are under a small amount of water, like a bath tub. If you slide your hands away from each other, parallel to the bottom of the tub you'll notice not much vertical movement of the water above. But, if you move one hand quickly upwa...	[ "So TLDR it depends: Jellyfish belong to a family called cnidaria which translates to \"stinging creature\". This family includes other animals such as polyps anemones etc. Now all cnidarians possess special cells that contain a nematocyst which is more or less a coiled harpoon and these activate automatically when...
Why does scratching feel good?	[ "Scratching triggers mild pain in your skin. Low-level pain signal to shoot up to the brain and override the itch signal to provide us with relief, and sometimes the pain from scratching makes your body release the pain-fighting chemical serotonin. It can make the itch feel even itchier." ]	[ "Some have suggested that it causes dopamine responses. Similar brain mechanics to forms of addiction (alcoholism, smoking, drug abuse etc). _URL_0_" ]
I've been reading that it takes 4.5 hours to communicate with the New Horizons probe. How is this possible?	[ "First, the signal has to travel from earth to New Horizons, not from the Sun to New Horizons. Pluto's orbit is highly eliptical. It gets closer and further from the sun throughout it's orbit. Add in the earth's orbit, and the change in distance over time becomes pretty complex. When the Earth and Pluto are closest...	[ "Well, regular fusion involves heating hydrogen to such a high temperature that the protons start fusing into helium. This is what happens in the sun. There are some experiments on Earth trying to achieve this, but they can't do it in an energy efficient manner. In the next decade one should open in France that doe...
Why do dogs, even in isolation their whole lives, trust and are welcoming when coming across humans unlike other animal species who flee from humans. Is it genetically passed on or do they pick up on the human's body language?	[ "A dog that has never had contact with humans will not trust or welcome humans. That stray dog was likely once a pet, and even if it were not a pet it has had contact with humans." ]	[ "The thing about our body language is that it is more symbolic than we realize. Sometimes when we try to remember something we sort of look around, as if we are searching around for the memory. This is half learnt behavior (we see others do it, and mirror it) and half physical reenactments of mental processes. When...
The Circle of Fifths	[ "Finally something I can answer, Basically there are 12 possible starting point before they repeat in a higher or lower octave. Scales are just patterns (previously mentioned WWHWWWH is Major scales, although the circle doesn’t care if major or minor or any other western mode) and the circle is a way to categorize ...	[ "Being a drummer, i have no clue what you're talking about. But if i had to explain HOW to do it to a beginner, I'd tell teach them counting rhythms. Like one, two, three, four, on the right hand, and one, two +, three, four +. With practice, these patterns can be done in your sleep. Or perhaps on every surface you...
Does something placed in a freezer cool down faster than something placed in a fridge?	[ "The equation you posted is about the thermal energy change. (dT is temperature not time). The object in the freezer will cool faster because it has more convective heat transfer, temperature change due to a difference with the surrounding air. See [here](_URL_0_). You want to look at Q^dot not Q. Q^dot is the rate...	[ "The temperature sensors in your skin can only detect relative changes in temperature. Not absolute temperature. You can show this by doing a simple experiment with three cups of water. one cup of ice water, one cup of room temperature water, and one cup of hot water. Place a finger of your right hand in the ice w...
Why is it legal to advertise electric cigarettes and not tobacco cigarettes?	[ "Because no law has been passed making it illegal yet." ]	[ "Many street lights were/are sodium vapor lights. It’s a highly efficient light that just produces a warmer light as the byproduct. _URL_0_" ]
Details & ramifications of the new socialist french presidency	[ "Point of clarification: Hollande's not a \"socialist\", that's just the name of his party. He's more of a center-left social democrat. This gets confusing to Americans because we're sort of unique in the negativity we ascribe to the term." ]	[ "About the second question, in hindsight changing it to \"what legacies did this period of social democratic rule leave for modern sweden\" is more appropriate." ]
Why is it that some wounds, when touched, feel less painful?	[ "Pain isn't just objective, it's essentially the body's mechanism to make you pay attention to your wounds. Pain makes you use body parts less, and makes you protect them from further damage. And it takes your actions and movements into account, such as what your arms are doing. So when your body notices that you c...	[ "Simply put for the same reason drinking water when you're not thirsty isn't as refreshing as when you're REALLY thirsty. Anticipating the bodies' needs doesn't trigger the same reward responses in the brain as fulfilling a need that is already present. Your muscles don't NEED to stretch right now, so you can't ant...
Jefferson and Hamilton: When did the debate or our politics shift?	[ "I'd be really interested to read this preface. I feel like this has less to do with party alignment and more to do with how these issues have changed over time. Example, a strong central bank was preferred by merchants and business. As an aside, and maybe Ferling will prove me wrong, I'm almost never a fan of the...	[ "Here is a good overview: _URL_0_ I would say that there are two kinds of historical factors involved, internal philosophical traditions and external historical events. The two are entangled of course. Partly it's a division of labor that has fallen along linguistic/geographical lines. Certainly without WWII the hi...
How could old tvs (and Home appliances in general) be fixed with just a hit? Why this doesn't work anymore?	[ "Home appliances used to have a lot of \"discrete\", i.e. separate and relatively large, components. Lots of problems were due to loose connections and other similar mechanical issues. By hitting the TV/home appliance, you could (with some luck) reconnect the components and fix it. Nowadays, home appliances are sma...	[ "Basically it's a view of time travel in which all the time travel that has ever happened is already factored into how the present is. So if you went back in time and say, tried to kill Hitler, Hitler's very existence shows that you already failed or that your involvement in the past was part of his creation. You c...
Why do Americans seem to constantly believe that it's illegal to record or take photos in public?	[ "There are times that it is illegal to video record or take pictures. When you have expectation of privacy (private meeting, bathrooms, changing rooms) or when you are on private property and not visible from public property are examples. But you are correct that if the person doing the recording is in a public spa...	[ "Horse meat isn't rare at all. You can get it in many parts of europe. Tastes ok too. Anyway, that's culture. The same reason we think that bacon and eggs is a breakfast food, and don't eat grasshoppers." ]
how does Gaelic football work?	[ "15 a side. ball cannot be picked directly off ground, has to be scooped with foot. Ball cant be carried for more than 4 steps, ball can be bounced once in transit and then has to be solo-ed from foot back to hand. between posts above the bar is 1 point and a goal is equal to 3. Ball can be passed by foot or more c...	[ "Adrenaline, painkillers, and a level of competetiveness the average person can't fully comprehend." ]
The combustion of butane yields only CO2 and H2O, so why does my lighter flame make soot?	[ "It has to do with the mixture of oxygen and butane to form these products you mentioned. Sometimes the ratio of oxygen to butane is low and yields less water and carbon dioxide with the side products being carbon monoxide and carbon soot. In other words carbon dioxide and water will be the only products if the oxy...	[ "Diet Coke contains Aspartame, which is an artificial sweetener that many people believed for a long time helped contribute to cancer, specifically brain cancer. While there are people that will argue this is true and swear by it, the overwhelming majority of the medical industry believes that it is not carcinogeni...
Why are West Virginia and Mississippi always at the bottom of quality of life rankings?	[ "I would say a combination of lots of country folk who don't need no education, and love good food." ]	[ "What you see in one, single picture does not represent an entire country. People use those pictures to mislead as they are probably photographs of the rich and affluent. To say that Afghanistan was a bastion of western civilization in the 1970s is very wrong." ]
Financially speaking, is China in trouble?	[ "they have a problem with nonperforming commercial loans. They've been fueling their economic growth with construction but now there are literally hundred of empty high rises and obviously if they are empty they are generating no income. And the banks that wrote the loans to finance the construction are in trouble ...	[ "If you have a spare afternoon or two I'd check out these two Khan Academy playlists on the [Credit Crisis](_URL_2_) and the [Paulson Bailout](_URL_0_), and if you want to learn more about how banks work check out this [Banking and Money](_URL_1_) playlist as well; there's a few others on finance and credit as well...
How where auroras explained before Eugene Parker's theory of solar winds?	[ "Actually, solar wind induced auroras were posed well before Parker's theory, by Christian Birkeland, who correctly predicted the electrical interactions with our atmosphere and magnetic field, which were not confirmed until much later into the 20th century. That's why they are termed Birkeland currents." ]	[ "Quoting [Wikipedia](_URL_0_) (a bit naughty, but it's a nice way to express what I think): > The proposed theory is inconsistent with quantum mechanics and critics have ruled it out on those grounds. Which is essentially saying what you pointed out, yes. If what they're doing is as easy as it sounds - just runnin...
How did old gaming magazines figure out cheat codes?	[ "Cheats were originally designed as a way to make play testing easier. I mean, of course I would turn on God Mode if all I am doing is checking out the layout of an area to make sure it works. I wouldn't be shocked to find that this information is passed along to magazines like Nintendo Power (I recognize that sca...	[ "Radio waves, just like we still do today. If you want an example, think about how television worked in the 1940's and 1950's. Take an image and transmit it via radio to a receiver." ]
If Neanderthals had a larger brain capacity than modern humans, and were also stronger, why didn't Neanderthals become the dominant species instead of Modern Humans?	[ "The responses here will be basically \"Clearly modern humans were better, now we just need to explain why. Here's an explanation that fits my assumption\". I don't think that's the necessarily the case. It's entirely possible that Neanderthals were smarter and stronger and in every sense \"better\" than modern h...	[ "I wouldn't call the ~4% change when you have a fever dramatically increased, also, the \"chills\" are the same as a fever(They are an attempt to increase core temp). The reason we can't is, we're not well adapted for cold. We lack a thick fur coat, thick fat coat or similar adaptions. We lose a significant amount ...
How is a degree from a place like Harvard or Yale any different from a degree in the same subject from somewhere else?	[ "For starters, many of these places have good reputations because they have cutting edge research and the best academics who are at the forefront of their respective fields. It should be noted that this doesn't always translate to the best teaching, but that might well be beside the point. Some economic theories ...	[ "It's mostly based on one's personality and the culture around you. _URL_0_ _URL_1_ _URL_2_ _URL_3_ TLDR: It's all in your head. Alcohol is alcohol. You perception of what it is alters your behavior and reaction to it." ]
If bathroom hygiene is so important why don't we get sick after performing oral sex?	[ "It's more a matter of frequency. If you consider all the times in a day you touch a person (shake hands, etc.) or touch something they touch (doorknobs, etc.), it ads up to a lot of exposure. If you sucked that many dicks, every day, from that many random people, you would probably get sick a lot." ]	[ "They use a wavelength of light that is cancer causing. Do you want to sit under a cancer causing light? Plus, they aren't all that effective to stop, say a sneeze from transmitting to another person. It takes some time to kill the germs." ]
What do lobbyists do?	[ "There is a really nice series of stories from NPR's Planet Money team on this issue (not for a 5-year old though), it clears up some of the common misconceptions about which direction the effort flows (Hint: Not from the lobbyist to the politician) _URL_0_" ]	[ "This is a very common question. You can use search to find [all the other really good answers](_URL_0_ ). This is instant, and faster than ust typing in your question every time. It's a way of cheating elections. Read the others, and then ask a more specific question." ]
Why does white cheddar cheese taste different than yellow cheddar if the only difference is annatto being used as a food coloring?	[ "Traditional cheddar is yellow due to being made from the milk that is high in fat content (giving it the yellow color). White cheddars will be made from lower fat content milks. Since the lower fat content milk is cheaper (as they are selling off the cream or making butter with the part they remove) some cheddar p...	[ "You can simulate color vision by wearing a tinted lens in one eye and a differently tinted lens or no lens in the the other eye. For example, a red lens in the left eye and a green lens in the right eye. If you look at a grey object, it will appear equally bright to both eyes. If you look at a red object, it wil...
Why is it that Home advantage in most sports is a seriously considered factor. Example soccer where teams are notorious for not loosing at home regardless of opposition.	[ "One possible reason is that you don't travel so you are a bit more rested. I guess it is better to come to the game after a night in your own bed, rather than a hotel. Next is the fans, when someone cheers for you, you get a moral boost. Also, the fact that you are familiar with everything from the showers, the lo...	[ "eli5 explanation: The spin on the ball makes the wind move fast on one side, slow on the other. The ball then gets moved by the different speeds of wind on the ball. edit: I was explaining it like I was explaining it to a 5 year old. The laces do in fact help create the differences in \"wind\" (friction against th...
How does smell transmit? Does it radiate like sound or 'float' like gas?	[ "Odor is carried by molecules. When you smell lemon, for example, little molecules from the lemon are making their way through the air to your nose. Now think about what happens when you smell shit..." ]	[ "I hate that this question is downvoted so much. C'mon people, why are we punishing people for asking questions? Whatever happened to \"there's no such thing as a dumb question?\" awersF, please keep asking questions about the world around you. Discoveries are made because people question their perceptions establis...
What would happen to a sea cucumber if it were exposed to freshwater? Would it literally explode?	[ "The sea cucumber wouldn't explode. Many of its cells would probably rupture, because the osmotic pressure would probably be too big for them to handle. However, on the organismal level it would probably look more like wilting than exploded, as the ruptured cells would no longer provide structural integrity" ]	[ "They can. In many cases fruit sold in stores is immature so they don't spoil during shipping. As a result the seeds don't sprout as often. Also some seeds need certain conditions before they will sprout reliably. Some need to be cold for a time and then warm to sprout -- so they will sprout in the spring, some nee...
Why do the effects of narcotics (in a medical setting) seem to be instantaneous when administered intravenously as opposed to orally?	[ "Anything adminstered PO (by mouth) has to travel through your digestive tract before entering your blood stream, where it can then travel to the point of action where it has it's actual effect. IV drugs enter your blood stream immediately, so they reach their target organ much faster." ]	[ "Massive differences in the way they are launched. Space launches direct the craft upwards until the gravity turn which applies the force necessary to attain orbit. ICBM's, however, would never waste the fuel in doing such a maneuver as it would severely reduce the payload of the rocket. Even if a nation were to tr...
What is the difference between a sociopath and a psychopath?	[ "From what I understand a Psychopath is born without the ability to feel empathy, while a Sociopath learns this behavior, usually to a traumatic/series of traumatic event(s), which typically (but not necessarily always) occurs during developmental stages (toddler age, pre-pubescence, adolescence). [Here](_URL_2_) i...	[ "Taliban - Tribal alliance from Afghanistan. They want control of Afghanistan/Pakistan, as that is the territory they are present in. ISIS/ISIL - Product of the Syrian Civil war, their organization is attempting to create a unified Islamic state throughout the Region they are present in. Al Qaeda - International or...
Why do we not see spiders on most of the spider webs we see?	[ "Spiders keep their web clean as long as they are in use, so their prey does not see them. Once they get abandoned, they collect dust and become more easily visible." ]	[ "The same way you can be in the same yard as a bee. You only get stung if you are a threat. Just ask Steve Irwin." ]
Roman Republic/Empire: how do you know if a person in front of you is a slave or a free man? How do I prove I am a free man or even citizen of Rome?	[ "Some previous answers to your question: * [What kept a common Roman citizen from being taken for a slave?](_URL_1_) by /u/UnpricedToaster * [How was citizenship proven before ID cards and birth certificates?](_URL_0_) by /u/aescolanus" ]	[ "Western Europe didn't start counting years since the birth of Jesus until around 525 CE and even then it took a while to catch on. Most people would count the number of years of the current king or other relevant ruler. So it would be something like the 10th year in the reign of King Change1378. In Rome they would...

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