Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
Theory and Methodology in Historical Analysis	[ "Depending on the program you're in and the orientation you plan to adopt in your own research, I'd say don't get too hung up on the distinction because often there isn't one! Postmodernism, for example, is both a methodology and a theory. It is a theory that critiques modernity, objectivity, rationality, etc, but ...	[ "Yes you are welcome to ask for book recommendations, and primary sources. :)" ]
Why does adding salt to ice make the ice colder?	[ "Salt lowers the freezing temp of water/ice. On the ski mountain, throwing salt on the snow will cause it to melt slightly, and then re-freeze as ice. In your cooler, the ice and water are usually in equilibrium at 32F - the freezing point of water. By adding salt to the water/ice mixture, you are lowering the fr...	[ "Crystals are simply an ordered arrangement of molecules or atoms in a repeating lattice. The term \"crystalline\" doesn't refer to something intrinsic in NaCl, but rather a property of one way you can make solid NaCl. Getting crystals to form is a bit of an art in chemistry. In principle, if you have a pure substa...
Why does voltage increase when the resistance increases?	[ "The V = IR law we learned in school has a lot of analogies to other physical phenomena, like fluid flowing through a pipe. Voltage is like pressure Resistance is like the width of the tube Current is like...well...the current, the speed of the fluid If you imagine, increasing the resistance by decreasing the widt...	[ "These answers are \"good\", but are leaving out the simple fact of weight transfer through the cable to the towers. The more acute the angle of the cable to the tower is, the less strain is put on the tower and better weight transfer is accomplished. See the \"tightrope\" example in here for an idea of what I'm ta...
Why do super dry rooms turn dust or particles into charged particles with electrostatic?	[ "Dust gets electrostatic charge when it bumps into other dust particles or surfaces due to airflow. However normally the humidity of the air allows them to discharge through the air at a low rate. However when there is low humidity the charges can build up to high levels." ]	[ "The sugar in the cookies is hygroscopic, which means that it will draw moisture from the air into the sugar's structure and hold on to it. Bread however is not hygroscopic and the moisture inside of it evaporates into the air. The moisture that evaporates from the slice of bread is then drawn into the cookies." ]
How are boneless chicken wings made?	[ "Boneless chicken wings are simply breaded pieces of chicken breast." ]	[ "It's a loophole. You are officially paying escorts for their time and companionship, the sex part is free with the purchase of companionship. Back when Chicago banned foie gras, there's a restaurant called Hot Doug that has always serves foie gras hot dogs. The owner said he's just selling the hot dog bun, the sa...
What causes the wind to "blow"	[ "Actually, the wind sucks. Hot air rises, and when it does, it creates a \"vacuum\", or an absence of matter. Kind of like outer space. The colder air from somewhere else rushes in to take its place. The hot air tends to become cold air, and the cold air becomes hot, so it becomes a circle." ]	[ "Basically, your blood pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure. Fluids (air, blood, etc) always flow from areas of high pressure towards areas of low pressure." ]
How massive does something have to be to begin to have a noticeable gravitational pull?	[ "Depends on what you mean by noticeable, and how far away from the object. A gram of matter can be turned into a black hole, hypothetically, if you squish it into a tiny enough place. And you wouldn't say a black hole's gravity is unnoticeable since light can't escape it... but you'd have to be really close to ...	[ "The moon doesn't actually orbit the earth. Both the earth and the moon orbit the center of mass of the earth-moon system called the barycenter. Current earth-moon barycenter [D = M(moon)d(moon)/(M(earth) +M(moon)) = 0.012 x 384405/(1.00 + 0.012) = 4641 kilometers from the center of the earth](_URL_0_) If you...
Why do sinks (in the U.S. at least) have an aerator attached?	[ "> An aerator serves the following purposes: prevent splashing shaping the water stream coming out of the faucet spout water conservation and reduction in energy costs reducing faucet noise Faucet aerators are often used in homes with low water pressure in order to increase the perceived water pressure. [Sour...	[ "This is a very common question. You can use search to find [all the other really good answers](_URL_0_ ). This is instant, and faster than ust typing in your question every time. It's a way of cheating elections. Read the others, and then ask a more specific question." ]
why does French have so many silent letters?	[ "It's non Phonemic, meaning that the writing system and the actual spoken language don't align. In fact technically there are no silent letters in the language, there are extra (vestigial) letters in the writing system. Also French is mild compared to English (at least to me, as a foreigner to both). Night? Are yo...	[ "I'm not good at breaking things down to ELI5 levels but AFAIK sound is a wave that requires a medium to travel through in this case air is that medium. Sound will travel further in a more dense medium meaning the apparent volume will be higher. Air at night is colder than air during the day because the sun isn't d...
Why people didn't know Titanic broke in two parts if there was survivors?	[ "It was believed to have partially split, but to have been still in one piece. You'd have to be underwater to see that it completely split in two. Any passengers who would have been in a position to see that would not have been among the survivors." ]	[ "You seem to be describing a variant of the [ladder paradox](_URL_0_), just using a train and tunnel instead of a ladder and a garage, he he. > What does the outside observer see? The outside observer sees the front guillotine make a cut, then later after the train has passed further through the tunnel, the back g...
Does a keto diet or other similar diets work long term? They seem counter intuitive to what we learned about healthy eating growing up.	[ "If by \"work\" you mean allow you to lose weight, then they can. If by \"work\" you mean establish a non-diet eating lifestyle that will maintain your healthy weight, then that's not as clear." ]	[ "To our readers: Please keep in mind [our subreddit rules](_URL_3_) when posting. Particularly, please make sure [to write an in-depth answer](_URL_1_), [to not just speculate](_URL_2_), and [not to just post a link](_URL_0_)." ]
How close to a black hole could a human get before death?	[ "It really would depend on the size of the black hole. But this entry on [Spaghettification](_URL_0_) explains it fairly well." ]	[ "> I’ve seen a lot of scientists say we can’t get through the Van Allen belts Who in particular? Were they working on the Van Allen belts, ionizing radiation in general, or biological impact of ionizing radiation? We can go through them easily, and if you don't spend days there the total dose is not a significant c...
Could quarks and leptons of higher generations create atoms?	[ "Not really. Heavier baryons (three quark particles) are [extremely short lived](_URL_1_), so such an \"atom\" would only last a few picoseconds at most. I don't think this is long enough for charged leptons (muons, electrons, etc.) to form a bound state with them before the baryon decays. Now even though the *vale...	[ "Quoting [Wikipedia](_URL_0_) (a bit naughty, but it's a nice way to express what I think): > The proposed theory is inconsistent with quantum mechanics and critics have ruled it out on those grounds. Which is essentially saying what you pointed out, yes. If what they're doing is as easy as it sounds - just runnin...
If humans can be knocked out in one punch by hitting the "sweet spot", does the same apply to other mammals, such as bears?	[ "As long as there is enough force to knock the brain around in the skull to make your brain shutdown for a few moments then yes. Some animals have bone structures which protect the brain from vibrations or high amounts of force, the woodpecker's tongue forms a sort of helmet which cushions all the pecking so their ...	[ "I don't so much think of it as an evolutionary thing. There's really no benefit to being confused. It comes down to computing power. Your brain just takes a minute to recall old information/piece together new information to develop an idea of where you are and how you got there. I'm currently in flight school and...
Is there absolutely no way to create unlimited energy?	[ "It's not a stupid question, energy is a difficult concept to grasp. Think of energy like indestructible money.^(Note) When you buy something with money, you give that money to someone else and now they can spend that money. When I hit a baseball, kinetic energy from the baseball bat goes into the baseball. When yo...	[ "What you have described, as best I can tell, is essentially the [clockwork universe](_URL_0_), where given a complete description of the current state of the universe, any future state can be predicted. If you're not given a perfectly complete description, [chaotic effects](_URL_1_) can cause a divergence in the...
Why do some people undergoing brain surgery stay awake during the process?	[ "They are kept awake if there are skills and processes needed to be monitored. An example would be a professional violin player who played during his surgery. This was so the doctors and surgeons could make sure they were not harming the region of the brain that handled that complex skill." ]	[ "Two social psychological concepts come to mind here. State dependent memory encoding and Erickson Arousal theory of learning. State dependent learning states that what ever state of mind you are in during encoding is the state of mind where recall would be optimal. Erickson arousal theory states that learning is m...
Is it possible to culture healthy gut bacteria outside of the body with the intention of reintroducing it?	[ "There's actually a technique called \"[poop transplant](_URL_0_)\" where they transfer poop from a na healthy person to the patient, they do this to restore the microbic biome in the patient's guts, usually is done after something nasty happened to the patient's bacteria (example: chemotherapy)." ]	[ "My uncle tried to do that in the 60's by giving a new name, so he was allowed to stay in the country for 7 years. Then he got in trouble and they recognized where he was from because of the investigator they brought in who identified him by his accent. If you are from a country with a lot of immigrants though they...
Every Day I Take a Multi-Vitamin... Uh... ELI5 why I do that.	[ "If you aren't an old person or in some way deficient, the vitamins aren't going to help you much. In general, vitamins should be taken by people who are specifically lacking in something in their diet, usually as a result of allergy or lifestyle choice. The stuff in multi-vitamins is usually in the foods you eat, ...	[ "I feel like this should be in /r/answers. I can't imagine this is a complicated concept that needs to be simplified. This is a subreddit for explaining complex things as simply as possible, not a subreddit for asking questions a five-year-old would ask." ]
the λ in Gauss's law	[ "That result is for an infinitely long wire of uniform charge density. That infinite length is important, as it provides some of the symmetry necessary to obtain this result. For such a wire, the total charge is infinite, where as the charge per unit length is finite. In a real world situation, the field value obta...	[ "It can be represented by the Standard Model Lagrangian which can be shrunk to a (somewhat inaccurate, has too many h.c.'s) form that appears on [mugs and T-shirts](_URL_1_). However, those terms are all contracted forms of more complicated expressions, to write it out full you'd end up with something like [this mo...
why hasn't the price of helium skyrocketed with its depletion?	[ "Because no one is really worried about it running out. There is plenty of helium extracted from the earth each year, a byproduct of natural gas wells. However, it isn't usually profitable to capture it, so producers just let it and other gases escape into the air. Once the price hits a certain point, producers wil...	[ "Supply and demand and you need to put together a whole board of regulators and you need to grow a shit ton of weed. Also why would you want to take away the cannabis that the medical people need when you just wanna smoke a jay for recreational purposes." ]
How does HTTPS protect against fake IPs?	[ "First of all, the certificate is used to validate the site's domain name, not it's IP address. Secondly, you can't just copy the SSL certificate. When you connect to a website using HTTPS, the client (your browser) sends some session-specific data (such as the current time, and a random sequence of characters) to...	[ "basicaly sending a lot of trafic to a destination you intend to take down, there is so much trafic the destination can handle before it gets cloged and legit users cant access, imagine like its a highway, be it 10 lines or more no matter how big, if you sudenly start moving thousands of cars on it trafic jam will ...
Did George Washington ever go to Britain?	[ "George Washington left America only once - to accompany his brother, Lawrence, to Bermuda in 1751, where it was hoped the climate would aid his recovery from smallpox (spoiler alert, it didn't help - Lawrence died of smallpox in 1752, after returning to Virginia). Source: [George Washington: Volume I by Henry Ca...	[ "[Yes.](_URL_0_) A bunch of adults from an adult school in Georgetown got together and figured it out. Click on the link above to learn more." ]
There's a little machine at the bank (and many other businesses) that the teller runs a check through before putting it in the drawer, what does that machine do?	[ "It scans the check, and takes digital readings of the numbers. It allows them to look up the check in the system later, and is a safety in case the teller recorded the wrong number. Plus they may also check for fraudulent check paper (idk what countermeasures checks have)." ]	[ "Yo ho ho! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Does all the dust and dirt we breathe in during our lives just build up in our lungs? ](_URL_1_) ^(_48 comments_) 1. [ELI5 : What happens to objects that you breathe into your lungs? ](_URL_0_) ^(_13 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How does the l...
If you had a bucket, and it was filled with bacteria, what would the substance look like?	[ "Do a Google image search for \"bacterial colony\". What you see is literally just that - a big pile of bacteria cells. Generally they look like white slimy goop. You can also grow bacteria in liquid culture. You start off with very clear (usually yellowish) liquid, and after you inoculate it and let it grow, it be...	[ "Its all CYOA. The company making the product can't advertise that it kills 100% bacertia. This is because of human error. If someone uses their product the wrong way, and gets sick, they can sue the manufacturer for false advertising, and in this society, they stupid person would probably win. Same thing with The...
Why do we forget what we were thinking about when we go in to a different room?	[ "Context. The thought was formed in one environment and an association created. When you pass through a doorway you're passing into a new context and the association is lost." ]	[ "This sounds like an extreme example of \"Tip of my Tongue\". _URL_0_ I can't really give an overly scientific answer as to what causes it (some interesting articles on that page, though), but I'd imagine that it's just a \"brain fart\", kinda like deja vu. It's a problem with long-term semantic memory recall. (Se...
What causes some food and beverages to have 'waves' of flavour?	[ "Since I don't see any responses I thought I'd offer a few explanations for the phenomenon you're describing: * Some flavorful molecules dissolve quickly on your tongue, others more slowly. * As the food sits on your tongue it warms up, melting some of the oils in the food and releasing more flavor compounds. * A l...	[ "Use your tongue to feel the roof of your mouth. On top of that roof (inside your head, behind your nose) are a whole bunch of blood vessels (tubes that carry blood all over the inside of your head). When you eat something cold (like ice cream...mmmmmm!) too fast, you get the roof of your mouth very cold, very fast...
Hawk's are said to have eight times better vision than humans. What does this mean exactly?	[ "Their acuity is 8 times better. This means if you can the texture on the wall from 1 foot they can see it from 8. You can still see the wall at 8 but you don't get all the detail a hawk would. Since you can't really do an eye check on a hawk and ask for feed back the number is really an estimate based on how we o...	[ "Generally, the 0 and 00 throw the odds in the house's favor. If they weren't there, a bet on red (for example) would have a 50% chance of doubling your money, so you'd break even in the long run. As it is, you only have an 18/38 chance, about a 47.4% chance, of doubling your money, so in the end you lose. A bet on...
How would ocean mapping equipment see a giant bubble?	[ "It would probably show up as some sort of anomaly in the sonar data but it might not be readily apparent what it is. The ocean is a noisy place and sonars often record reflections/returns from other things (fish, plankton layers) besides the bottom. Moreover, some advanced sonar might have automatic algorithms or ...	[ "To give a slightly different example that /u/Vampire_Seraphin's a current excavation off of the coast of Sri Lanka at a fishing village called Gotavaya is the first marine excavation of an ancient shipwreck in Indian waters. It is dated from the first century BCE/CE, which was the peak of the ancient trade, but as...
How did the Byzantines form the Varangian Guard?	[ "Emperor Basil formed the guard after discovering that his own guards were part of a plot on his life. He reasoned that foreigners would be less likely to take bribes and be involved in court intrigue. The Russian king at the time had just hired 6,000 Scandinavian mercenaries to help cement his rule, and couldn't p...	[ "Further question: how much did the Allies know about operation Valkyrie?" ]
How did humans determined if berries/fruits were poisonous without tasting/eating them before there was any science behind it?	[ "I think this is a better question for /r/Anthropology" ]	[ "Suppose you are sharing a room with your brother. The left side is yours, the right side is his. You draw a line on the floor to mark them, but you think it should be moved more to the right and so you start quarreling. You do not have a measuring tape (and besides, since the room is not a rectangle it's hard to m...
What are the long term effects of caffeine, energy blends, and vitamin B consumption; typically found in energy drinks and sodas?	[ "This woman overdosed from 5-hour energies: _URL_0_ Though, she had been drinking 10 a day for two weeks. Apparently, acute hepatatis from all the Niacin(B3)" ]	[ "Current understanding is, that one factor in getting Myopia (short-sightedness) is [not being exposed enough to natural outdoor light](_URL_3_). So the myth around staring at the TV will get you bad eyesight has some basis in the fact, that at this times you are indoors and exposed to artificial lighte...
if i was a wanted criminal in a time before photographs, whats stopping me from just moving a few hundred kilometers away and starting from scratch? would i ever be caught again, and if so, how could they possibly find me out?	[ "A very similar question was posted here some time ago: [Was it easy for criminals 100+ years ago to change their identity to avoid getting caught?](_URL_0_)." ]	[ "Speeches were to a much smaller audience back then for the very reasons you mention. Newspapers were the primary way people heard major speeches before audio/video recording." ]
Why don't cities have fruit bearing trees on sidewalks instead of the standard ones?	[ "Clean up would be a massive problem, not a slight one. And pedestrians would likely get hit in the head a lot. It'd cause many more problems that far outweigh the benefits." ]	[ "It takes a while to implement the changes. How would you like it if the law changed overnight and you had to pay fees/go to jail next day without having a chance to adapt yet." ]
What kind of "salt" is excreted through tears and sweat, and how is it formed through the processes of the body?	[ "Sweat: the \"salt\" is sodium chloride. The reason it is secreted is to draw water from cells lining your apocrine sweat glands into the lumen of your sweat gland. This in turn allows other lipids and oils to accumulate and line the hair of your body(water is not lipophilic). Because the lipids are hydrophobic the...	[ "For pain a lot of it may be a social signal. But specifically for disgust, one of the biggest theories is that the disgusted face is a way to minimize what your senses perceive. Your eyes crinkle up (you don't have to look at the dog turd anymore), your nose moves to limit your nostril size (so you don't have to s...
Why does the interior of a spacecraft look so cheap? i.e. exposed wires, random personal items floating around everywhere, etc.	[ "Because the ships are designed for functionality with the least amount of weight--not aesthetics. Function over form. Regarding the personal items floating around--depends. Lots of items are secured in place with adhesive velcro pads or bungee cords. It's not really the norm to have a bunch of junk floating all ov...	[ "You could make a significantly less bulky suit out of a highly elastic material using sealed, fluid filled pouches over the body's concavities to keep the body pressurized. However, you'd still need to incorporate a system for regulating the body's heat, and you'd probably want some radiation protection. Since we ...
After being hit with tranquilizer darts, is the target ever at risk of seriously injuring themselves by collapsing onto the dart with it pushing into them?	[ "This is also minimized since the dart has small needle for a nose but then is fairly large and flat to stop it from going too deep. Most likely if someone were to fall on it it would just break off the needle rather than going any deeper." ]	[ "Fortune tellers do what's called cold reading, picking up on little nicks and things that you physically show. They are also great at reading on your vulnerabilities such as emotions. They then attempt to predict, based on information that you have provided, try to create a crazy, but understandable fortune that c...
Why don't positrons react like that?	[ "The Ghostbusters infamous backpacks are supposed to be \"positron colliders\". When positrons collide with electrons, they either destroy them or scatter, they dont create magic lassos." ]	[ "By not observing any particular particle. The \"gun\" either makes the particles (photon) or redirects them (electrons). There is not a specific process of loading the gun." ]
How did cartographers from hundreds of years ago get the shapes of continents and land so accurate?	[ "hi! you'll likely get more and more in-depth responses if you could specify which era/map you're referring to, but for a general history of the development of cartography, there are several posts in the FAQ that can get you started: * [History of Cartography](_URL_0_) If you have follow-up questions on locked post...	[ "Go to a new area of Australia (or wherever). Comb one acre very carefully, cataloging every species. Figure out how many new species there are. Do this in a few different places, figure out about how many new species there are in general, and extrapolate." ]
Saturday Reading and Research \| June 06, 2015	[ "Could anyone recommend books on the American Revolution? My son (12) is a heavy reader and we've decided to read about it as much as we can over the summer. He's not afraid to delve into something above his reading level, and is a bit tired of the watered down kid-level books. My lack of knowledge is keeping me fr...	[ "I quite like: Birgit Sawyer, P. H. Sawyer, Medieval Scandinavia: From Conversion to Reformation, Circa 800-1500 (1993)." ]
Why does looking near a bright light help me sneeze?	[ "It's a reflex that resulted from some nerves getting crossed during development." ]	[ "It's the association of a new toy/item that we get from it. You're unlikely to associate that action with anything else in any case. It's like how some people associate a biker bell as to get out of the way." ]
How did Nazi Germany become so economically strong?	[ "6 months before Hitler came to power the German economy had started to recover from the devastating Great Depression. Nazi propaganda took credit for this large uptick in the cycle. The nazi work schemes such as the autobahn were very badly funded, used for propaganda and to help disguise their military spending....	[ "If you are interested in a serious and comprehensive look at this issue - read the section on Russia in Volume 2 of Strange Paralells by Victor Lieberman. I don't remember all that much from my reading of it two years ago, but in general - the golden horde was formative, in some ways it provided templates for f...
why didn't crystal Gale mangum get charged with anything in the Duke Lacrosse scandal?	[ "Not entirely sure, but it's probably because 1) she was the nominal victim (according to the corrupt DA) for a while, so it wouldn't have made sense to charge her until the team was exonerated, and 2) she later got brought up on murder charges, so... she's already in prison, and guess nobody wanted to bother pilin...	[ "-Not a historian - US Warrant Officer Hugh Thompson, Jr was awarded the Soldier's Medal for putting him and his forces between Vietnamese civilians and another contingent of US forces that were hunting down the civilians during the My Lai Massacre. _URL_0_" ]
Is the mass of the universe the same as it was 14 billion years ago?	[ "No. Every star that is undergoing fusion is taking some amount of mass and turning it into a little less mass and a little bit of energy." ]	[ "We lose about 3kg of hydrogen and 50g of helium each second (about 10^8 per year) due to [Jeans escape](_URL_0_). _URL_1_ We also gain 10^7 to 10^9 kg per year due to meteorites and such. _URL_2_ It balances out (to some degree). EDIT: Added a source." ]
How do scientists create artificial drugs/chemicals	[ "Organic chemistry. You know what molecule you want, you then search one that's easy to get and can be transformed into what you want, these are often hydrocarbons from oil etc. Then there are millions of different reactions to get where you want. _URL_0_ this is probably the best site for this, shows synthesis pa...	[ "Computers use [pseudorandom number generators](_URL_0_). These are basically an algorithm that generates an extremely long list of numbers that appear to be randomly distributed. As long as you use them wisely, the results you get are as good as numbers that are perfectly random." ]
Does upload & download speed matter in gaming, or is it just ping?	[ "In gaming, it's generally ping. If you're downloading a large amount of data (like a MMO) then the download/upload speed will matter. Download/upload speed is how much you can send/receive per unit of time. But ping/latency is different. Latency is how long it takes a message to get from your computer to the other...	[ "The supreme court had previously held that making private copies available for use by others was legal in Canada (see BMG vs. John Doe). As such, there was no legal copyright infringement that copyright holders could use as leverage to get (the subpoenas required to get) ISPs to disclose the identities of the file...
The Multiverse Theory	[ "The basic idea is every single decision anything makes creates multiple universes, each where another outcome was decided. Like if you are walking down a path and it splits into two. As soon as you decide to take one path another universe is created where you decided to take the other. Repeat this for all time...	[ "Explained by Daniel Dennett in a wonderful 25 minute video _URL_0_" ]
How humans reached islands like Japan during the Paleolithic?	[ "Hi! While pre-history questions are fine here, it would be worth also x-posting this one to /r/AskAnthropology" ]	[ "Any idea why Petra came into existence so far from an ideal location?" ]
Why do dark hairs always grow out of moles?	[ "Hair color depends on the amount of pigments in the skin around it. A mole is a place on your skin with a higher concentration of pigments hence the darker color." ]	[ "It might just be your perception: you notice them buzzing around your face (the part of you with all the sensory organs) more than you notice them buzzing around your leg." ]
Why is it that when a sea wave crashes into the beach, the water turns white momentarily?	[ "It is because it foam, and as you said because of bubbles: > Foam consists of bubbles, which are very thin liquid films with air inside. Compared with a water droplet of the same size, a bubble absorbs much less light than the water droplet because it has so little matter. And the air inside the bubble is not a g...	[ "I'm going to add to the previous reply, as a black-belt home brewer. A lot of things (sugar, salt) dissolve better when the liquid is hotter. This is the basis of making syrup or candy. But carbon dioxide (the fizz in soda and beer) can get dissolved in water at a pretty cool temperature, sort of its ideal maximum...
Why are "four" and "fourteen" spelled with a "u", but "forty" is not?	[ "English spelling rules need their own set of subreddits." ]	[ "Doubling temperature is not an operation that makes sense. 400 F is not twice as hot as 200 F. 400 C is not twice as hot as 200 C. Let's say you have some item at 32 F and you double temperature to 64 F. Now let's do the same thing in Celcius. You start with 0, double it, and get?" ]
Why is a 2l coke cheaper than a 0.5l coke?	[ "Supply and demand. People are willing to pay more for the portable .5L bottle when they are out and just want to grab something to drink. It's an \"impulse buy.\" But the 2L cokes are to be brought home and put in the refrigerator and drank over a period of time. So, it is less about the materials and more about t...	[ "It's all about relativity. If the Hulk ran for a quarter mile, he'd only appear to be moving a few dozen widths of his body size. If a dragonfly then traveled the same distance and speed, it'd appear to be moving thousands of widths of its body size. So they cover the same distance but relative to their body size ...
Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom	[ "Basically, the atom was understood like a solar system. Electrons orbiting the nucleus. Bohr suggested that the electrons could only be in very specific orbits and light was emitted when it went from a high to a lower orbit and light was absorbed when it went from a lower to a higher." ]	[ "Just a cloud of gas. The condensation is in momentum space. Some would say that superfluid helium is a BEC though." ]
Why are humans so afraid of insects?	[ "Building off of the \"indoctrination\", which is \"we are taught to be afraid of them\", another theory is that many spiders are poisonous and deadly to us, but they are also hard for us to see because they are small. That led the people who started teaching to be afraid of spiders to try to avoid all spiders beca...	[ "Ahh, but you are capable of eating and digesting raw meat. It'll take a bit longer to digest than cooked meat, and won't be as tasty, but there's nothing about it that your digestive tract cannot handle. Your ancestors ate plenty of raw meat. We are warned against eating raw meat because where meat it processed ca...
What is the difference between soap and detergent?	[ "Soap is a salt of a fatty acid. It is a type of detergent. Detergents are pretty much anything that has cleaning properties when used in dilute solutions. Not all detergents are soap, however." ]	[ "Salt & Pepper season our food. They make it taste better. Spices & Herbs flavor our food. They make it taste different. Season everything. source: Chef." ]
Today a glass exploded in my hand - why?	[ "More information: The glass was a branded pepsi glass, which was tempered (I think?) The glass was cold and had been sitting on the shelf for around 10 minutes prior to being picked up. I had held it in my hand for around a second before it spontaneously shattered into hundreds of pieces." ]	[ "Your car acts as a [Helmhotz resonator](_URL_1_), just like when you blow in a bottle, but the frequency is obviously much lower because a car is much larger than a wine bottle. You can also look [here](_URL_0_) for more comments." ]
When did we start keeping track of and celebrating birthdays?	[ "I can't say much about other cultures, but in Eastern Europe, there was a concept of \"Name Day\" going back to Christianization of Russia. Typically, any day of the year had several saints associated with it. For example, November 19th is the name day for Alexander. While people wouldn't necessarily be named foll...	[ "Hi OP, this is a cultural question, so it would greatly assist anyone considering answering if you could specify which culture you're asking about. For example, the name of a cultural group / country / geographic region, plus a rough time period. Otherwise, this question is simply too broad, as it encompasses almo...
do historians mean something different then normal people when they use the word "racism"?	[ "I'm not a historian, so I'm not really familiar with what their literature would say, but coming from an anthropological background I'd say that neither really fits. \"Racism\" certainly has elements of power and power differentials (I'd say that is a big part, yes), but really racism is about saying that a certai...	[ "Hi - we as mods have approved this thread, because while this is a homework question, it is asking for clarification or resources, rather than the answer itself, which is fine according to [our rules](_URL_1_). This policy is further explained in this [Rules Roundtable thread](_URL_3_) and this [META Thread](_URL_...
Why do we like spicy things?	[ "Common theory is that the heat/pain sensations give us a rush of endorphins (happy chemicals), similar to the act of spanking, scratching, pinching and biting in sex. Basically, enjoying spicy food is a form of masochism." ]	[ "to shield our eyes from potential shrapnel. It's an instinct that has developed over thousands of years of sitting by fires that tend to pop and throw tiny particles at our eyeballs." ]
Searching for a historical figure	[ "Could it be Robert Owen? He was manager and part-owner of the New Lanark mill in Scotland, and among other things he paid employees in currency instead of tokens (as was customary), pressed for ten and later eight hour workdays, etc. He's a pretty seminal figure in pre-Marxist socialism." ]	[ "> If you could provide multiple sources that would be great! Are you looking for help with a school paper? I've written about this on AskHistorians before; I just need to know how to help you best. :)" ]
Is it possible for cosmic rays to merge protons, neutrons, deuterons or alpha particles with neptunium and plutonium nuclei and create currently synthetic elements?	[ "The vast majority of primary cosmic rays are protons, although there are some deuterons, alphas, and heavy ions. But their energies are generally far too high to participate in the kinds of reactions you're referring to (capture or fusion). When a cosmic ray reacts with a nucleus in the atmosphere, the most like...	[ "CAR T cells are generated through viral transduction of the Chimeric Antigen Receptor into CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are isolated from a patients. A non-replicating virus integrates a piece of new DNA into the T cells' genomes. This DNA generates proteins that assemble into the Chimeric Antige...
Many Japanese soldiers in WWII, cut off from the chain of command, didn't believe the reports of surrender in 1945, some continuing to fight as late as 1974. What do we know about these holdouts psychology? How did they rationalize 30 years of radio silence from Japanese leadership?	[ "Follow up question: How did the soldiers who did surrender know that they were in fact properly ordered to surrender instead of being lied to by Allied propaganda? Follow upto the follow up question: Did Allied propaganda actually try to lie to the Japanese troops before the actual surrender?" ]	[ "While I wouldn't know where to start looking for an answer to this question, I'd like to point out that the historical calendar of Japan was not nearly as stable as that of the Western world. The calendar in official use underwent four revisions between 1685 and the Meiji Revolution. The last of them prior to the ...
What do special police units do the whole year?	[ "They work regular policing jobs. In addition to doing their regular police work, they have taken part in training in weapons, tactics, negotiating, etc. They regularly train together as a group but would otherwise return to their regular police roles until needed." ]	[ "It doesn't happen like in the shows or movies. It doesn't take a minimum of 60seconds to trace or they lose it. LE sends the request to the phone companies and they just hand it over." ]
Why doesnt Germany have a better or bigger military? especially since it has a larger economy than britain.	[ "After World War 2 both Japan and Germany signed treaties limiting the size of their active military. Japan has a \"self defense force\" that's pretty substantial, but their power is constitutionally limited." ]	[ "For secret bunkers and bases and whatnot, the military builds it themselves. Generally there in an Engineer Corps division of the army that is specifically for building and infrastructure." ]
French (or Allied) perspective of WWI trenches	[ "[Under Fire](_URL_0_) was a novel written by the Frenchman Henri Barbusse, and was actually published during the War, in 1916. Under Fire is technically not a memoir, but rather, is a work of fiction, with an unnamed narrator. However, it is pretty clearly influenced by Barbusse's time on the frontline. Barb...	[ "Not to discourage further discussion, but [this previous answer](_URL_1_) to a similar question discusses L'Anse Aux Meadows in Newfoundland, which may answer your immediate question." ]
If an education is supposed to help you in life, how come people complete it knowing it will cause you lots of trouble down the road?	[ "I don't understand your question. Education doesn't tend to cause problems down the road. I can't think of a time when I thought \"dammit, my life would be so much better now had I been less educated.\" EDIT: OK, it seems you're asking about student loans, not education. Well, it's because the benefits outweigh th...	[ "Because the reader has invested their interest in the characters and plot, and then you're like, oh, just kidding, it was all bullshit that didn't matter anyway. There is really no reason to say that unless you painted yourself into a corner with an ending you don't like, but you are too lazy to rewrite." ]
What do ants do with their deceased?	[ "Ant colonies operate rubbish heaps that are separate from the colony, but nearby. Any undesirable detritus from the nest goes there, carried by worker ants. This includes their deceased comrades. Even ants that have been terminally injured (such as their abdomen cut off) yet are still alive and moving are unceremo...	[ "Most likely it will be sold to schools for dissection by medical students." ]
We hear about the Napoleonic Era revolutionizing warfare, but what specific innovations are noteworthy?	[ "[This older answer](_URL_0_) by /u/dandan_noodles will be a reasonable starting point." ]	[ "Is this a homework question? It says in our [rules](_URL_0_): Our users aren't here to do your homework for you, but they might be willing to help. Remember: AskHistorians helps those who help themselves. Don't just give us your essay/assignment topic and ask us for ideas. Do some research of your own, then come t...
Why does the letter Q exist?	[ "It comes from Latin and prior languages. C, G, K and Q were used to represent the \"ck\" or \"gggh\" sounds. Eventually, \"Q\" came to be used only for the \"ck\" sound when it was followed by a \"w\", such as in \"quiet\" (kw-eye-t)." ]	[ "Quilted paper towels have more surface area than non-quilted. Our intestines work the same way, to absorb more nutrients." ]
Could the hydrogen in the Sun create a magnetic field?	[ "You don't need metallic hydrogen to create a magnetic field. The moving ionized hydrogen in the sun is what create's its magnetic field." ]	[ "Just as an add in I've had 4 hip replacements and have had MRI's since. They're titanium so magnets aren't attracted to them but it does distort the image on the MRI." ]
Why is lemon water considered alkaline? Aren't lemons acidic?	[ "First off, any website that makes a claim about manipulating your body's pH is total, complete crap. Run far far far away, because you have entered deep into the Woo Zone. For the record, your body keeps its pH very VERY tightly controlled and buffered. It has to in order for all of your body chemistry to work pro...	[ "I'll have a crack at explaining this at ELI5 level. You know about powers of ten? Going from 10, to 100, to 1,000? Those represent three powers of ten. You could say that 1,000 could be written as 10^3. You could also say, \"Hey, I'm going to say this number and it means not juust the number, but the power of ten...
Why does microwaving certain things in a ceramic cup, like butter, cause the cup to get very hot in only a few seconds, where as other things like water or oatmeal can be heated for more than a minute and the cup feel less hot?	[ "People sometimes think that only water absorbs microwaves. In reality, many things absorb microwaves, water absorbs them particularly well. Ceramic absorbs microwaves fairly well. The inside of the microwave reflects microwaves, imagine putting food in a box made of mirrors and shining a heat lamp on it. When you...	[ "The true limit on a microwave oven will be how fast heat gets conducted out and how well you can couple the energy into your target. Microwave generating machines can be used to heat fusion plasmas _URL_0_ so long as they are given enough power." ]
How does an ice cream maker work?	[ "Ice cream needs to be constantly stirred while it freezes. That way you entrain air into the mixture and get a nice texture. A home ice cream maker has three parts - a bowl, a paddle, and a turntable. The bowl is filled with coolant, which you freeze. When you pour the ingredients into that bowl, they will eventua...	[ "It basically has a list, if it doesnt have the answer, it asks other dns servers untill one does, or it figures out that the server doesnt exist" ]
Why is computer memory always in multiples of 8? (8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, etc.)	[ "Because those numbers are powers of two. Computers address memory (and do everything else) with binary numbers. It makes sense to have memory in amounts that line up with powers of two because there's no saving in address space if it doesn't. That is, 7KB takes just as much address space as 8KB." ]	[ "9 times out of ten it's a kick drum from the famous Roland TR-808 drum machine, made famous in the 80s. This drum machine also has a few other signature sounds including its snare, open hat, and rimshot hits. The TR-808 kick became more famous than other drum machines at the time because of its \"envelope\", or, p...
What are all the knobs and switches on a soundboard?	[ "Every up and down column is a different channel. Each channel is a different input consisting of either instruments, vocals, and any other audio inputs. As the electric signals, that the sound is converted into via microphones, pass through a channel, each knob effects the shape of the sound. The top knob is the G...	[ "The mark, if real, would likely have been reverse pick pocketed before the trick. Slight of hand can explain how he knew the card to put in. He shows a real deck, has them cut the real deck, then fidgets with his hands, shows you there's nothing under his (short) sleeves by touching them, lets his hands fall to hi...
How long would it take to upload/download 1 gig of data to/from a mars rover?	[ "_URL_0_ Post-February: 256,000 bits per second; (1 gigabyte) / (256 000 bits) = 33 554.432; 33 554.432 seconds = 9.32067556 hours = 0.388361481 days Pre-February: 128,000 bits per second; (1 gigabyte) / (128 000 bits) = 67 108.864; 67 108.864 seconds = 18.6413511 hours = 0.776722962 days That is assuming that it's...	[ "Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: how do the time differences between planets work in Interstellar? ](_URL_6_) 1. [ELI5:Interstellar's relativity of time. ](_URL_3_) 1. [ELI5:[Interstellar] Time moves faster is some places in space than others. ](_URL_0_) 1. [ELI5: Aging in the ...
How did Stalin react to the news of the successful Normandy landings?	[ "Well, first off the primary reason the Normandy landings ever happened was Stalin's insistence. Dismayed at the level of casualties the Russian army was suffering, he demanded the western allies open a second front to take some the pressure off his own troops. Upon being told of the landings by Churchill he prompt...	[ "What on earth is your source for that conjecture? My graduate school advisor was an early Americanist and I've never heard anything similar. Also, Voltaire died in 1778, three years before the American victory at Yorktown. How would he have proposed a monarch for a nascent country that didn't yet exist? EDIT: Ap...
How, in the age before computer editing software, did people put things such as credits or titles into movies?	[ "With creativity. [This is how they filmed the intro titles of Star Wars](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "Wildlife photographer here. They do it with long lenses, and weeks of squatting in cold, damp nature blinds, waiting for the right scene to happen in front of them. I cruise around Yellowstone for days at a time with a 600mm lens looking for critters. Or if you happen to be Walt Disney, you cheat. For the 1958 wil...
How does electricity work? Like how do we get it?	[ "Electricity is produced in power plants, and is almost always ultimately caused by something turning a turbine in a generator. Electrons are like tiny magnets, and when you have a large, rotating magnet in a generator, it can push electrons along a wire. How we spin the generator depends on the power plant, but is...	[ "\"magic\". This question is repeatedly asked. You need to ask more specific questions as there are a lot of things to answer." ]
Why is the FaceBook app taking up almost 1 GB when in the App Store it says it's 175 MB? What else does it store?	[ "The app itself may be 175mb itself, but your phone may be reporting the total space in the phone used by the app, which includes any cached content (profile pictures, media, parts of viewed pages,etc) that has been stored locally." ]	[ "You weigh the exact same amount immediately after eating a pound of sugar or a pound of spinach. That spinach is mostly water & fiber which you poop & pee out relatively quickly. Sugar is 100% sugar, which your body holds onto because it's a source of energy and anything that it doesn't use right now is made i...
what is it about the structure of a molecule that can "make or break" your body?	[ "First off any change in the chemical formula means there can be vast changes in reactivity and properties. As you gave an example of sodium and sodium chloride there is no relation at all between their properties. The second part is that your body has receptors which are a certain shape. This means only certain sh...	[ "My understanding is that the TED talk is slightly misleading. With their system, the time-scale of a frame is indeed a trillionth of a second, but they can't actually take a trillion frames in one second. So what they do is take the shot a bunch of times, each time slightly out of phase with the previous time. The...
What year Jesus was born?	[ "Jesus would almost certainly not have had a birth certificate. Birth registration for Roman citizens was introduced by Augustus a decade or so before Jesus' birth, but it wasn't mandatory and applied only to Roman citizens, which Jesus was not. And there was no Jewish or Judean birth registration system. If you're...	[ "There is a good deal of room for fresh responses to this question. But I briefly summarised the main controversies [in an earlier thread here](_URL_0_). The short answer is that we have no certainties about this at all, only a lot of supposition and a certain amount of reasonable deduction. Even the discovery of f...
Is it true that in Feudal Russia, a good horse was worth 8 serfs?	[ "Could you point us to the source from which you drew your question? When you say feudal Russia what years are you thinking of? I have not heard this before personally and would be curious to see what it has to say." ]	[ "So, I don't know if you know this, but Blackstone did just what you are suggesting. After the housing crash of 2009, they went out and bought up homes in different cities. They put them all under the umbrella of a REIT (real estate investment trust) called \"Invitation Homes\" and then spun it out in an IPO a few...
How do you clean up a natural body of water?	[ "The [East Kolkata Wetlands](_URL_1_) represent probably the largest example of a wetlands ecosystem for processing raw sewage (more than 70 million liters per day). Dr. Dhrubajyoti Ghosh - an engineer and ecologist based in Kolkata is credited with being the key driving force behind its conservation and understan...	[ "Because it is/was cheaper to let it be someone else's problem than to deal with it themselves Also, the plastic in question wasn't forced on them. A company or government offers to take care of it, for a fee. Unfortunately, in a lot of countries where this offer was made, they did not ave regulation in place to pr...
LI5: US tax breaks for the wealthy	[ "The theory behind it is that if the wealthy have more money they can invest it to create more jobs and stimulate the economy. The other side against it is that if we have more tax breaks on the wealthy, they aren't paying their fair share, and the tax system becomes more regressive. Namely, the poor and middle cla...	[ "Watch \"The Big Short\" they give a good explaination of how the housing market collapsed resulting a financial breakdown. Ofcourse there are more factors in play bit this is something that is to complicated to explain on the level of a 5 year old." ]
Why is the sign for a dollar $ when the dollar starts with a 'D'	[ "historical reasons, it's easy to find on [wiki dollar sign](_URL_0_). there are two possibilities, it evolved from spanish peso (p^(s)) by merging of two letters and evolving into $ (like on [this](_URL_1_) picture)" ]	[ "Each of them has a special meaning on the command line, so if they showed up in filenames they would lead to ambiguity. \\ is the path element separator on Windows and / is both the path separator on Unix-style systems and the normal command switch character. : is the character that indicates a drive name as well ...
It is estimated that at formation the moon was between 20 to 30 thousand kilometers away from earth. With the moon's closer proximity, how often would earth experience solar eclipses, and what effects would it have on the path of totality?	[ "I'll have to check my math again tomorrow but it seems as though almost every single new moon should be a full eclipse. At a distance of 20 thousands km only a 93 km radius circle is needed to completely cover the Sun. And even though the Moon's orbital inclination will carry it above and below the line of sight t...	[ "This isn't ELI5, but near-sightedness has been on the rise since [at least the 70s](_URL_1_). In some Asian cities, myopia among youth is as high as [90%](_URL_0_). While genetics is a factor, how much sunlight you get as a child seems to be an important determinant in whether you develop eyesight problems or not....
Why is abstract art considered art?	[ "Adam Ruins Everything did an episode related to this, and they show their sources on screen Here's a clip: _URL_0_" ]	[ "Could somebody explain how, if true, small amounts of alcohol is good for you?" ]
how can children be tried as adults in some cases? Shouldn't it be a simple "oh your above 18 so we'll try you as an adult"?	[ "Generally these exceptions come about when the minor is accused of a particularly serious offense or when they have a record of repeated offenses in the past. Trying them as an adult is a recognition that treating them as a child has not or probably will not be sufficient." ]	[ "Pharmaceutical companies are required to report any side effect that occurs in any patient taking the drug during a clinical trial, whether they think that adverse event is related to the drug or not. Some clinical trials can last for a year or more. In addition, many clinical trials are for medications that treat...
How do you calculate the average result from rolling 2 dice and discarding the lower?	[ "There is 1 possibility that yields 1 (1,1). 3 possibilities that yield 2 (1,2 2,1 2,2), 5 that give 3, 7 that give 4, 9 that give 5, 11 that give 6. The expectation value of this is (1x1+2x3+3x5+4x7+5x9+6x11)/36. Thats 161/36, or 4.472." ]	[ "This is usually a problem in families with rare disorders Assuming green eyes are bad..... If one of your parents has brown (dominant) eyes & another has green (recessive) then you could have Bg (and have brown eyes), & so could your sister....Now if you have kids, each of you will donate one of those genes to the...
What do line integrals represent geometrically?	[ "Have you checked [Wikipedia's article on line integrals](_URL_0_)? There are two animations over there (both created by me, actually - [my Wikipedia gallery](_URL_2_)) explaining the line integral [on a scalar field](_URL_1_) and [on a vector field](_URL_3_). Click on those links to go to each image's description ...	[ "Everything in a computer is basically math (And a Xbox 360 is just a computer.) So do draw thing on the screen they use mathematical equation. People invent new mathematical equations (Often called algorithms) all the time. These new algorithms allow the the Xbox360 to do the math better and faster making the gra...
Why can beef be aged or hung for 28 days but will then be inedible a few days after purchase?	[ "Aged beef does spoil. Dry aged beef isn't cut into steak size portions, it's an entire primal section, such as the rib primal. After it's been aged, the outer section will have spoiled or become dried out, and will be cut away before individual steaks are cut. See also _URL_0_ Here's an example of what looks like ...	[ "Rotated through MedOnc. We collect data for 5, 10 and 15 year benchmarks for most cancers to get a vague idea of the progression of a type of cancer, not to tell people how long they’ve got. One example of its use is to compare treatment modalities e.g. 5 year survival of women with p+e+her+ breast cancer on letro...
Why didn't the Japanese get sick when Europeans started coming to Japan?	[ "However, syphilis did arrive in Japan, just as it did arrive in Europe through the Colombian exchange. And it killed many people, like Tokugawa Ieyasu's second eldest (at the time eldest surviving) son." ]	[ "You're going to have to be more specific. Do you mean early church as in St. Thomas? If so, there would be no need to communicate with Rome. They weren't Roman Catholics and the doctrine of Papal primacy hadn't been fully developed yet. If you mean the coming of the Portuguese, they would've worked through a nunci...
Why do pores form on the round red & white peppermints when you suck on them?	[ "You dissolve the candy as you suck on it, the sugar being what lends it the taste. As it erodes it exposes bubbles within the candy which are the \"pores\" you notice." ]	[ "[This](_URL_0_) previous thread explains it as [entrainment](_URL_2_). When changing the diameter of your lips, the airflow is subject to the [Bernoulli effect](_URL_1_) where it speeds up. When the air moves faster, it draws in more surrounding air which is cooler than your body temperature, thus making it feel c...
How is a snake able to be so fast and versatile without any legs or arms?	[ "Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How do snakes move? ](_URL_0_) ^(_7 comments_) 1. [How the fuck do snakes move? ](_URL_4_) ^(_1 comment_) 1. [ELI5: How do snakes move so fast? Actually how do they move forward at all? ](_URL_5_) ^(_4 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How do snakes move for...	[ "Plants and single-cell organisms don't have brains either, and they move, reproduce, eat, etc. Jellyfish do have nerves, and they're distributed all over the jellyfish body, so you might call that a decentralized brain... What makes you think life needs a brain?" ]
Instructions given to pilot by co-pilot in rally car racing.	[ "One interesting addition which is often overlooked. Usually, for safety reasons, distances less than or equal to 100m are called in multiples of 20. Distances greater than that are specifically not. E.g. 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 But then 110, 130, 150, 170 etc. This prevents a misheard note causing a massive accident ...	[ "My inclination was to reject your teacher's assertion out of hand, but then I remembered the Eskimo Scouts, who I have a soft place in my heart for. [Here](_URL_2_)'s a bit of audio for you from NPR, and [here](_URL_1_)'s a text story from 1988. In brief: During World War II, Col. \"Muktuk\" Marston traveled Alas...
How do microbes in the human body survive our immune systems?	[ "To add to the other comments, I want to emphasize that bacteria and other microbes like viruses and fungi also have defense mechanisms against the host immune system (they can block phagocytosis, the oxidative burst response, NETs, etc). Similar to the Red Queen hypothesis, bacteria have evolved alongside their ho...	[ "Definitely not a full answer but... Our bodies - our thumbs are awesome for gripping tools. We are also very good endurance runners. It's thought our early ancestors chased down food for miles in the heat of Africa. Culture - we can pass down knowledge between generations. This one can't be stated enough. Teamwor...
When you get sick with a cold is it trying to kill you?	[ "No, it's just trying to survive. Rarely do sicknesses \"want\" to kill you they merely want to reproduce and spread. Best way for that to happen is for a living host to come in contact with people to spread around. But sometimes due to evolution and mutations they'll become too strong or come in contact with peopl...	[ "Seasons are the result of the tilt of the Earth. Earth spins on a slight angle compared to the circle of its orbit around the Sun. This means that at different times of year, the poles are pointed towards or away from the Sun. This affects how much daylight the poles get, with the impact decreasing as you get towa...
Why is Google Fiber rolling out in smaller cities first?	[ "I guess it's kinda like a \"test\" for them. Bringing fiber to less populated, smaller cities, rather than a potential huge fuck up in a big city like New York. Just my two cents, but your guess is as good as mine." ]	[ "1) PR move. You own this giant corporation, but you're in it for the little guy! (this is usually because of ... 2) You get your compensation in other ways that aren't taxed as heavily as direct income from salary." ]
what is the story behind the Andalusian Granada emirate's slogan "لا غالب إلا الله"?	[ "It's simply the motto of the Nasrid dynasty - Wa-la Ghalib illa Allah in kufic script - \"There is no victor but Allah\". There are a couple of myths on the origin which go back to Mohammed ibn Nasr. See pages 21 and 22 in [Vibrant Andalusia: The Spice of Life in Southern Spain](_URL_0_). Either an angel waving a...	[ "It doesn't, the ad was intended to make you associate Colgate with feeling virtuous and then want to buy Colgate the next time you're at the store." ]
the basics of the Mac vs. Pc debate, as unbiased as possible	[ "Mac Pros: relatively malware free, reliable, \"easy\" to use, looks nice Cons: Expensive, closed garden, software limited PC Pros: Inexpensive, infinitely upgradeable, easily modified Cons: Windows is susceptible to malware, bloatware is often preinstalled, hardware isn't \"pretty\"" ]	[ "Thank you for your submission! Unfortunately, your submission has been removed for the following reason(s): You can find the basic answer with a google / wiki search. Please start there and come back with a more specific question. If you disagree with this decision, please send a [message to the moderators.](_URL...

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