Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
How is mobile internet transmitted?	[ "First, some terminology: electromagnetic waves are disturbances in the electromagnetic field, similar to the waves resulting from a pebble being dropped in a pond. Types of electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, and gamma rays. These types of electromagnetic waves all have different frequency range...	[ "A lightening bolt creates a radio signal. These are easy to pick up. With ~~two or more receivers~~ you can calculate it's position. Edit Should be three or more receivers." ]
How did Ancient Chinese kept track of their bookkeeping?	[ "What's your source that accounting \"began\" in 1494? It is certainly much older than that; we have financial [records]( _URL_0_) from Old Kingdom Egyptian temples. Perhaps they were referring to the \"science\" of accounting?" ]	[ "Hi - we as mods have approved this thread, because while this is a homework question, it is asking for clarification or resources, rather than the answer itself, which is fine according to [our rules](_URL_1_). This policy is further explained in this [Rules Roundtable thread](_URL_3_) and this [META Thread](_URL_...
Why are there alcohol IV bags in hospitals?	[ "When someone gets methanol poisoning, they're actually being poisoned by the breakdown products of methanol rather than the methanol itself. Both ethanol and methanol are broken down by the same enzyme (alcohol dehydrogenase), and that enzyme preferentially acts on ethanol rather than methanol. Thus, one of the tr...	[ "MADD lobbied it through the Congress a few decades back." ]
Why is marijuana illegal in USA and most other countries?	[ "From what I recall, the U.S. is actually the reason why it's illegal in so many countries. In the early 20th century, when the U.S. decided marijuana should be illegal, it also used its diplomatic muscle to strongarm other countries into criminalizing it as well. It's been a while since I read on this subject, so ...	[ "It takes a while to implement the changes. How would you like it if the law changed overnight and you had to pay fees/go to jail next day without having a chance to adapt yet." ]
Why can a university deny a request for a double major? If you take the classes, shouldn't you be able to get the degree?	[ "Most schools are fine with double majors. My best guess, if its a Liberal Arts college, is that they believe a double major would hurt your ability to gain the rounded, varied breadth of learning they want students to get from their school." ]	[ "Each builder is going to do what they want. Google pictures of Beijing some time, they have entire large blocks of buildings the same style and height. They also are far more regulated about how they build. I imagine in a more free market economy, each builder wants their building to be \"their building\" and not ...
why do we not think it's gross when we swallow our own spit, but when the idea of spitting in a cup and drinking it grosses everyone out?	[ "Because who knows what's in the cup? Bacteria, viruses, other pathogens, indigestible bits of stuff, carcinogens... it can't have been evolutionarily advantageous to have us wandering around evolving to think lapping up fallen spit was ok." ]	[ "Our ancestors when in the wild would enjoy a fresh kill, body still warm. If you came across a dead animal that had been there a while, well you wouldn't want that would you. Evolution has taught us warm is preferable to cold. Unless of course you are eating mint chocolate chip ice cream." ]
Why does it seem that a typical blade of grass lives for years?	[ "Plants aren't alive in the same way as you or I. When a person or animal dies, it's usually because something stops working, usually the heart. Plants don't have organs though, at least, not in the sense that we understand them. That, coupled with the fact that they have extreme regenerative abilities (you can cho...	[ "Your question reminded me of this frikkin awesome documentary of about planned obsolescence. [Video snippet](_URL_0_), and the whole documentary, I can't find... but Im sure someone else may be able to. ELI5 version: Because companies want you to keep them in business." ]
why is declining population growth considered to be a bad thing?	[ "Our economy is based on continuous expansion, which is difficult (or impossible) to do with a declining population. Fewer people working means fewer consumers for goods and services, fewer tax dollars collected, etc." ]	[ "No one knows, though there is never a shortage of people who think they do. Thomas Malthus is arguably the most well known of that group; the scenario which you are describing was named after him: [Malthusian Catastrophe.](_URL_5_)" ]
Why we can't just file a class action lawsuit against the NSA for invasion of privacy?	[ "Because they are the NSA. They stand above the law." ]	[ "It would cost a lot of money. That money would have to come from taxpayers. Folks with modest income don't expect Government to start taxing the rich exclusively, given their political power. You can't tax poor people, they have no money. That means the tax would be on middle income people, and they don't want to ...
What is the point of "fattening up" and animal?	[ "Fattening an animal improves the quality of meat. Fat is flavorful and is what we look for like with the \"marbling\" of steaks." ]	[ "The female needs the nutrients to develop the eggs, the male has (hopefully) impregnated the female so it's in his best interest that she is well fed, so he will pass his genes via the offspring. AFAIK usually male are weak and won't live long anyway, so is a win-win for both. Well, kinda." ]
What do late night show hosts say to their guests between commercial breaks? They always seem so engaged during the cutaways.	[ "\"Pretend we're having a great conversation. It'll confuse the shit out of our viewers.\"" ]	[ "Discovery Channel, TLC, The History Channel, they started out as niche channels...inexpensive programming aimed at a specific audience it was easier to target ads for. Then came Mythbusters, a big hit that appealed to a broader audience. Soon all the networks wanted to try to reach a wider range of viewers, and ...
Will a cold object placed in a vacuum cause a hot object placed in the same vacuum to lose heat more quickly? What about in air?	[ "In a vacuum, the mechanism of heat loss is radiation as you said. Radiated power goes as the fourth power of temperature (the Stefan-Boltzmann law). Assuming rapid equilibration (there are no hot or cold spots on each bar), the presence of the cold bar would mean the hot bar would lose heat sliiiightly more slowly...	[ "There are two major forces at work here. The first is the chemical bonds themselves. This would be the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds (among others) that hold a single molecule together. The other force is intermolecular forces, which hold a bunch of molecules together into a cohesive unit. As an analogy,...
Why are the Pyramids not mentioned in the Bible?	[ "By the time of the stories in the Bible the Pyramids were already ancient wonders. The Bible is not a travel guide but rather tells the tale of \"gods chosen people\". And nowhere in that tale does the Pyramids come in. There are tales of the monuments in Babylon which unlike the Pyramids were constructed during t...	[ "Horse meat isn't rare at all. You can get it in many parts of europe. Tastes ok too. Anyway, that's culture. The same reason we think that bacon and eggs is a breakfast food, and don't eat grasshoppers." ]
Why doesn't the active site in hemoglobin bind to nitrogen gas? After all, N2 has the same electronic geometry as carbon monoxide.	[ "It's because N2 is a very poor [pi-acceptor](_URL_1_) and sigma-donor especially compared to CO. This makes N2 a very [weak field ligand](_URL_3_). Stronger ligands further split the HOMO and LUMO in the resultant molecular orbital. This increased splitting makes the anti-bonding orbitals harder to fill. Additiona...	[ "\"-ate\" means oxygen. Carbohydrate = carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Hydrocarbon = hydrogen, carbon" ]
Why do we inhale sharply when we are scared/in pain?	[ "It's really quite simple. If you know what fight or flight is. When we're scared or in pain, it triggers our fight or flight response. We inhale sharply because the oxygen will give us a boost of energy, or \"ATP\" in reaction to the pain or fear. It's really just a quick precautionary step." ]	[ "It is supposed to be a natural reaction that our ancestors used to survive. It would keep them away from the nests of dangerous insects such as termites. It was the body's way of trying to avoid the danger and keep alive. If you believe in evolution you could say that it is part of evolution." ]
How well is cetacean "language" understood, or, how complex is dolphin/whale language?	[ "very little is understood. We know that they have signature whistles (names) they use to identify each other. Their signature whistle is similar to their mother. They have dialects. They can learn human sign language, both individual words and sentences. They also understand the difference in ordering of words. I...	[ "Hi! This came up recently [here](_URL_0_). As you see from the comments people disagree (but I will assert my opinion - the idea of speaking Greek in private is silly especially because Cicero didn't write to his friends in Greek). As for the experiences of slaves, I'm afraid they're entirely lost except maybe Pla...
When I shine a light through my thumb, why can I only see my blood vessels and not the bone?	[ "As the light shines through your flesh, it gets spread out (diffused). As a result the light beam sort of bends around the bone, so you don't see its shadow." ]	[ "Light travels at different speeds through different mediums, and as the density of the mediums vary. The air is being heated at different rates between you and the horizon creating different air densities, like ripples on the surface of a river. Light from the horizon refracts as is passes through the different bo...
EIL5: What is a currency swap?	[ "If you have a stream of foreign currency coming in, and you want to protect it from exchange rate fluctuations, you find someone else who has the opposite concern. If I want to protect a Euro to American Dollars (like an American company with a French subsidiary), I will find a investment bank (they typically brok...	[ "If you have a spare afternoon or two I'd check out these two Khan Academy playlists on the [Credit Crisis](_URL_2_) and the [Paulson Bailout](_URL_0_), and if you want to learn more about how banks work check out this [Banking and Money](_URL_1_) playlist as well; there's a few others on finance and credit as well...
how can cats fall from extreme heights with seemingly no issue?	[ "They're relatively light, so they have a lower terminal velocity, around 60 mph compared to a human's (about) 120. So there's less force for them to absorb upon landing. As well, they have a powerful instinct for righting themselves when falling, which allows them to land feet-first, which improves the amount of i...	[ "Why: Because this is a failure mode the engineers specifically design for. How: They had to burn off all the fuel and land on fumes, and land with the nose up as long as possible, and still most of the wheel ended up decorating about a mile or two of the tarmac." ]
How do brain tumours/lesions cause change in tastes? e.g. food tasting saltier	[ "Sorry to break this to you but your understanding of this concept is a bit off. Yes perhaps a tumor CAN cause a change in taste, but that's because of its location. With brain tumors, the first thing to consider is ALWAYS location. Taste is only transmitted via 3 cranial nerves 1)Facial nerve for the anterior 2/3 ...	[ "Most plants can only survive with a low level of salt in the soil. So plant life on a seashore is very reduced with only a few specialist plants there. It is interesting that an oasis is only possible if there is the ability for the water to leave the soil and go on to some lower level area where it can evaporate...
When Julius Caesar (supposedly) gave the order to have the Library of Alexandria burned, what kind of information was lost to the world?	[ "Not discouraging further discussion but there are a bunch of questions under our FAQ about the [Library of Alexandria](_URL_0_) so you can maybe check those out and see if anything piques your interest!" ]	[ "Basically, broadcast television, when talking about a controversial issue had to show multiple viewpoints about it, and couldn't be one-sided. President Reagan (through his FCC appointment) had it revoked as a first amendment issue." ]
How would seaside cities combat rising sea levels?	[ "Option 1: Build a seawall, commonly called a dike or levee. This is a physical barrier that will keep the sea out. Option 2: seal off the lower floors of your buildings and convert your former streets into canals. Option 3: Raise the city, streets and all to higher than the new sea level. Option 4: Relocate the...	[ "Could be, my go-to list would be here: _URL_0_, and it doesn't mention anything specific to Britain. There are some reports that the climate became wetter, causing bronze-age settlements to move to the uplands, but I don't know what the evidence for this is." ]
Does the stomach "layer" food eaten at different times or is it all mixed together?	[ "Your stomach is a sack of muscle filled a bit with digestive juices and coated in slimy mucus. At one end, it's the \"intake valve\" where food comes in. At the other end, there's the \"output pipe\" AKA start of your small intestine, the duodenum. You stomach twists around a bit while it's digesting food. It'll ...	[ "Imagine you're writing a research paper. You go to the library, and there are three books that will help you, but they are in all different shelves. You can read one, put it back, and then go to the next one, but this will make you tired. So you grab them and scatter your stuff on an empty table. Now you can read ...
How does LSD/acid work?	[ "Apparently no one knew for the longest time exactly what it did in the brain, but literally last month a study was released showing that it acts on the seratonin receptors in a rather unique way. So the gist of the article I read was that there are five different types of seratonin receptors, and some drugs act on...	[ "This video from Sagan will help. I couldn't explain it in a better way. _URL_0_" ]
Can someone please explain what a Fourier Transform does?	[ "Here's an imaging example : Let's look the absolute value of the Fourier Transform curve, which is a function of real numbers as a function frequency (just look at the positive frequencies). The value of the low frequency parts tells you if there is a lot of slowly-varying variations in the image while the higher ...	[ "[Richard Feynman](_URL_1_) ELI5's it pretty well in about 2 mins. Alan Alda had a contest and this [8 min video](_URL_0_) won." ]
WWI battles in France, spring-fall of 1919	[ "The dates are wrong. \"1919\" is almost certainly referring to 1918. The 306th Machine Gun Battalion was part of the 77th Infantry Division. The division arrived in France in April 1918 and entered combat a few months later in June. It saw especially heavy fighting in September to November 1918 during the Meuse-Ar...	[ "This post is confusing. The title is 'Pirenne Thesis' which is a reference to his thoery of transition from Roman to Frankish worlds up to 8^th CE (which is roughly summarized as 'Without Islam there is no Frankish empire; without Mohammed, no Charlemagne'). But your comment is about his theory of the 'resurgence'...
What's the point of having an expectorant and a cough suppressant in a single medicine? It seems like they cancel each other out.	[ "The idea is to make you cough less (suppressant), but when you DO cough, each one is more productive (expectorant)." ]	[ "Imagine country A has laws that are intended to encourage new businesses, and so the laws there make is hard for old businesses to claim \"Hey we did that first!\" or \"Hey, that almost the same as what we do!\" Suppose country B has laws that are meant to protect that country's companies, and stop cheap-o foreign...
Would we notice a physical difference on Earth if the planet's revolution around the sun doubled in speed?	[ "How far away the earth is from the sun is directly proportional to how fast it travels around it. For non-five-year-olds, the equation is: v = sqrt(GM / r) So if you double the speed around the sun, the distance closes proportionally to v^2 so we'd suddenly be four times closer to the sun. All life would die, and ...	[ "You've discovered [the twin paradox](_URL_0_). The answer is that you can't have the spaceships \"suddenly\" be at rest with each other. Either one or both must undergo acceleration. In the case of one spaceship accelerating and becoming at rest with the other, the accelerating spaceship has its time dilated. If t...
Why does the air quality always seem so fresh after it rains?	[ "The falling water pulls dirt and other pollutants from the air, making it clearer to breathe." ]	[ "Mint and menthol are sensed in the body by special sensory receptors (cold receptors, TRPM8) very much like how spicy food taste spicy (TRPV1). Wasabi produces a similar effect but it's due to the noxious chemical/extreme cold receptor TRPA1. You have those receptors in your mouth and nose (and eyes). Those recept...
Do zebras have black skin with white stripes, or white skin with black stripes, or neither? Explain please	[ "Zebras are black with white stripes, although the striping is so ingrained that the distinction is essentially arbitrary. We only know they're black because of embryological studies that proved black was their \"default\" and the white parts (where pigmentation is inhibited) are determined later on." ]	[ "Chickens, and birds generally, have two sex chromosomes (Z & W) and operate according to the ZW sex-determination system. Unlike in humans (and most other mammals), male birds are the homogametic sex (ZZ), while females are the heterogametic sex (ZW). Because only one of an individual’s two original sex chromosome...
If 0*0=0, wouldn't that mean that 0=0/0?	[ "Well, 1\\0=0, so that would mean 1=0/0. And 2\\0=0, so that would mean 2=0/0. And 3\\*0=0, so that would mean 3=0/0. And so on. But equality goes both ways and is transitive, which would mean we would have 0/0=0=1=2=3=... But 0,1,2,3,... are all different numbers, so this doesn't work. You can create ways for [d...	[ "Okay. Say I have 5 dollars. Joe has zero and Steve has zero dollars. I loan Joe 5 bucks, Joe Loans Steve 4 dollars. Now I have no debt. Joe has $5 of debt, and steve has $4 of debt. Thats 9 dollars of debt with only 5 dollars of money" ]
Why do we perceive time as moving at a particular rate? Do certain creatures (such as those with greater reaction times or who move quickly) literally perceive time as moving slower?[x-post from ELI5]	[ "From [visual tim]( _URL_0_) I don't see why hummingbirds wouldn't operate faster. The hummingbird's metabolism is what fuels their high speed, and their nutrient rich diet supports it. If their nervous system can perform at such high speeds, it stands to reason their brain could. I wasn't going to mention this wit...	[ "I initially was extremely sceptical, as the thread question is both wide-ranging and oddly specific. However, reading your explanatory post I got a much better idea of what it was you are looking for. You raise several valid points and I think the questions you are asking are interesting ones. But you mostly answe...
If games are a billion dollar industry, why are there almost no game movies? Why is G4TV not fully about gaming?	[ "Previous failures like Mortal Kombat, Super Mario Bros. and Street Fighter are probably holding back the movie companies from throwing money at them again." ]	[ "Imagine that someone hands you a sketchbook filled with drawings, and tells you to flip through them quickly to give the illusion of motion. That's displaying a video. Imagine that someone hands you a blank sketchbook and a pencil, and tells you to flip through the pages and draw exactly what he tells you to in re...
Why aren't we making diet soda with left handed sugar?	[ "Organic chem student here. I think it's fairly unlikely that two sugar enantiomers would have the same taste. We taste things when they bind to taste receptors on our tongues, just as we smell things when they bind to odor receptors in our noses. For the same reason enantiomers often smell very different from each...	[ "This has been done. He even won an [Ig Nobel Prize](_URL_0_). There was no difference between his hands." ]
How are breathalyzer's so accurate, and why can't you easily bypass it with a breath mint of some sort?	[ "Breathalyzers actually detect the alcohol level in your breath. There is little you can do to _decrease_ that amount, and you cannot mask it. Popping in a breath mint is similar to adding a blue food dye to a glass of orange juice, and expect a test of its citric acid content to change." ]	[ "Truck weigh stations not only weigh the trucks but serve as inspection areas to make sure the truck is well maintained enough to legally be on the road. Drivers and companies with good records for maintenance and safety can add a system called PrePass (or NorPass in some areas) that radios open weigh stations to t...
"Inflammation is a way for your body to protect itself" How does inflammation help? Specifically when we're talking about infections.	[ "Capilarisation and vasodilation, leading to increased bloodflow, meaning increase in whiteblood cells to fight the infection...better transport of old/new cells" ]	[ "Inflation is an effect caused by desires growing faster than resources. Modern central banks manage money supply to keep inflation within a certain range. In the US, the Federal Reserve target is 2%. Inflation below that, including deflation, can lead to conservative investment strategies that slow the economy by ...
Are there any sort of meta structures in the universe, like structures larger than galaxies?	[ "[Clusters of galaxies, super-clusters of clusters of galaxies, filaments, walls, voids](_URL_0_)..." ]	[ "Any physically straigth line will always appear arc shaped if it covers long enough area of your vision. Its just our brains can make us realise they are really straigth if there is enough context. For the case of milkiway center there isnt. Cameras can cause further confusion. Its like inverse version of the prob...
Why do so many medications have the side effect of suicidal thoughts?	[ "One reason is because seratonin and dopamine are involved in both psychiatric pathways and many non-psychiatric pathways from nausea and diarrhea to milk production. Therefore the drugs for many non-psychiatric diseases alter seratonin or dopamine, putting you at risk for psychiatric disturbances. Another reason i...	[ "There's a very fascinating documentary on this concept of modern-day marketing. The documentary is called \"[Century of the Self](_URL_0_) (it's long, but very good). Essentially, the way companies used to market was by way of practicality. \"Buy this because it has amazing features.\" Now, most everything is mar...
Was the Sherman tank a name resented by US soldiers from the south during WWII?	[ "If this question isn't relevant, feel free to remove mods. Given the nicknames M3 Lee, M3 Stuart, M3 Grant, and M4 Sherman, why were Union and Confederate general names given to tanks, or any modern weapons for that matter?" ]	[ "I would hazard you're being down voted because you're unflaired and taking 1 course doesn't really qualify someone to give a full answer. E.g. I studied I and while I may feel qualified to answer basic questions I would never presume to give a detailed nuanced answer on a controversial topic. This is especially ...
If birds evolved from dinosaurs that were reptiles, when did they switch from reptiles to their current form, and what is that switch called?	[ "I have a book at home that talks about over 100 species of dinosaurs we've found, and in there it says that the reptilian image we have of dinosaurs probably isn't accurate. The book talks about how the visual images we have of dinosaurs is based solely on their skeletal structure, and then has some examples from ...	[ "> Why? What are the arguments for each possible \"starting point\", and is one of the options \"more correct\"? Jefferson's Democratic-Republican party \"won\". Hamilton's Federalist Party died out. Factions developed in the Democratic-Republican party in 1824. The Jackson faction was what ended up becoming today...
[Half Meta] Historical examples of liberal vs authoritarian discussion	[ "I've deleted this post. \"Throughout history\" questions, as stated in our rules, [are too broad for this subreddit](/r/AskHistorians/wiki/rules#wiki_no_.22in_your_era.22_or_.22throughout_history.22_questions). Moreover you're obviously trying to make a point about the way this subreddit is run which makes me doub...	[ "We're sorry that you were upset by a comment's removal. However, we have [a rule](_URL_1_) against answers that consist primarily of a link or quote, as we want to encourage responses from knowledgeable users who can explain what they're talking about and respond to follow-up questions. Links that turned up throug...
Is it possible to jam the GPS signal?	[ "Yes, GPS jamming is possible - as with any radio communications, you just need to fill the relevant frequencies with enough \"junk\" to drown out the actual signal. It's also possible to spoof GPS signals, by creating a much more powerful signal that overrides the normal one. This can be used to convince a receive...	[ "You guys need to cool it on the un-research knee-jerk answers. Just because you think it's ridiculous doesn't mean it hasn't been tested. So provide a citation to reinforce your skepticism, and maybe you'll learn that your skepticism was unfounded. That's what I learned when I read this paper where [Royal Jelly in...
When/how/why did the social status of actors change?	[ "/u/merdre gave a [wonderful answer to a similar question](_URL_0_) a few months ago. I hope you find it helpful." ]	[ "hi! there's lots of room for the musical historians to jump in here, but fyi, there have been a few related posts that you may be interested in: check this one out, it includes links to several more * [Classical Music currently has a stigma of being a luxury that the upper classes are able to enjoy. Was this alway...
Why are solar panels blue? Wouldn't black be more efficient due to them absorbing more light?	[ "Solar panels are actually black, they just appear blue because of the very very small fraction of light being reflected and not absorbed by the panels, if you look closely at a solar panel array you’ll see that some appear blue and others black (which is what color they are) why some are appearing blue and not oth...	[ "The gold and silver colored sheets you see are often a single layer of aluminized polyimide with the silver aluminum side facing in. The yellowish-gold color of the polyimide on the outside gives the satellite the appearance of being wrapped in gold. Multi-layer insulation is used on satellites primarily for therm...
Why do cable cars need a cable?	[ "That's not an actual \"cable car\". A true cable car has nothing overhead. There's a moving cable underneath the street, and the cable car moves by grasping ahold of the cable and being pulled along. If you ever get a chance to go to the cable car museum in San Francisco, I recommend it. All of the cables for t...	[ "I would imagine so if it gets caught it won't break your neck. Like cat's collars being elasticated so they don't strangle themselves in trees." ]
Why does scalding water sometimes feel cold?	[ "Very interesting subject. The reason lies in the cold-receptors of your skin, that measure cold. If you slowly increase the heat of the skin you observe this: They usually have a maximum activity when they reach 25 celsius degrees, stopping at about 30-35. A curious phenomenon, though, is that they start being act...	[ "Not a scientifically backed explanation as such but it might be to do with minimizing contact with surfaces to reduce the pain the subject is in. Any sort of second degree burn or worse hurts when it has pressure applied." ]
Why do we get the wierd colourful tingling images when we rub our closed eyes?	[ "The phenomenon is called phosphenes, and it happens because of the pressure in our eyes stimulate the cells we use to see. There is no real light, but the stimulation in the cells make our brains think there is. _URL_0_ Edit: words." ]	[ "Think of a marbel in a field at night, you know it is somewhere on the field but you just cannot make it out. Now imagine it's moving. On the other hand, imagine a street light with a fly buzzing around it. You cannot see the fly but if you look at the light long enough you can just make out something changing in ...
Why does stuff get preserved in amber?	[ "Stuff doesn't get preserved inside an amber completely. Only the shape of an insect and maybe a thin outside layer, stays intact. The inside of the creature is decomposed. Ambers are basically like imprints, but in 3D." ]	[ "How some species are related. A lot of what we know about how species are related and how close/far they are is based on genetic research, which would not be done if left only to the fossil record. The intelligence of some species might also be over looked. For example, we would have no idea that chimpanzees coul...
The benefits of NFC payments such as apple pay, google wallet	[ "Advantage: your NFC device or card never leaves your hands. Almost zero chance of theft or duplication. Another layer of security, if you fully trust Google and Apple, is that the merchant has no access to your credit/debit/bank account info. Annoying, though: take phone out, unlock it, (in my case: activate app ...	[ "Doing some googling, it appears that there's some sort of money laundering thing that some do. Let's say your friend buys you an Amazon gift card as a present, bought and paid for legally. You would rather have money, so you sell it on eBay. The buyer buys it with, say, a stolen credit card. There will, of course,...
When we get tired, what is that pleasant sensation we get when we close our eyes? Why do we get it?	[ "Do you mean...why does getting ready to sleep feel good when we're tired?" ]	[ "As far as I'm aware it's fairly simple, falling out of trees sucks. You're a monkey! You love being in trees, swinging from branches and all that jazz, in fact you love trees so much you even sleep in them. But, if you are sleeping you can't see what's going on, you can't move about when you don't have a full pic...
Why does orange juice taste so terrible after brushing teeth?	[ "Tooth paste contains a surfactant (usually cleaning agent/chemical) called sodium lauryl sulphate or ether sulphate. The purpose of a surfactant is to reduce surface tension of something in a liquid phase to allow better wetting properties. An unfortunate side effect of this, is SLS inhibits some of your sweetness...	[ "You essentially create a battery in your mouth, the pain you feel is a small electric current. _URL_0_" ]
why hot food is easier to smell than cold food	[ "Water evaporates more readily off of warm materials, taking trace elements, aka the smell, with them." ]	[ "Some flavours intensify over time as they are released from the ingredients to mingle with one another. Other foods simply have what gives them flavour breakdown or otherwise become absent. The spices in a chili will release more flavour over time like the leaves in a tea. A cake however, dries out over time makin...
Why does hot water clean stuff better than cold water?	[ "The heat in hot water causes molecules to vibrate faster. This causes them to be freed from adhesive or cohesive bonds that are holding them in place. If the bonding material itself is soluble in water, then it can be released also. Protein is the main bonding materials of meats and heat causes it to relax and str...	[ "I don't think this really answers your question but if you put frozen food on iron (like on a cast iron pan) it will thaw faster. The metal conducts the cool and speeds the process. I don't know the science behind it but I do know a few scam artists on the 80's were selling \"thawing trays\" for crazy amount of mo...
Why do the physical properties of our universe follow relatively simple formulas, proportions, etc?	[ "To put it simply, they don't. Every equation we use is a \"model\"; a system we have developed that we use to predict behavior. Different systems require different levels of complexity to describe; Ohm's law and momentum are fairly simple, but describing, say, the behavior of individual water molecules in a bulk l...	[ "Imagine two people holding the ends of a jump rope, with one person shaking their hand up and down but neither of the people moving their arms much. There are only so many shapes waves can take along the rope. [These](_URL_0_). This is the principle behind the wavefunctions: there are only so many shapes they can ...
Why is China still a developing country despite it's massive economy?	[ "Because most of its citizens are still poor, subsistence farmers or low skilled factory workers, etc. The economy is massive but their population is ALSO massive. Their per capita GDP is about 1/7 that of the U.S." ]	[ "One thing that slows down division rate is the limited amount of growth factors produced. These growth factors are needed to stimulate the cell division. Other limiting factors may include the limited availability of nutrients (glucose, amino acids, etc.) and oxygen in the uterine environment. Gestation takes long...
What happens inside a person's body whenever a lactose relief pill is taken before consuming dairy?	[ "Lactose is a sugar. Lactase is an enzyme that digests it. People with lactose intolerance lack the lactase to digest lactose. The lactose pills and additives (such as LactAid, milk with lactase added to it) simply provide the enzyme for digestion." ]	[ "> What Happens when you view 4K footage on a non-4K Screen? A process called \"downsampling\" where pixels are combined via various formulas in order to produce the final image. While the resulting image may be pleasing it has less information in it than if played on a true 4K display." ]
Is reverse-engineering easy? Like if say, someone dropped an F-22/F-35 at the Chinese doorstep how much could they learn from it?	[ "Well it some areas of engineering it's quite easy. Basic measuring tools can give dimensions for the physical make up of said plane. then there are ways of finding out which alloys and polymers are used in the making. It's a little harder than measuring but still not too terribly hard. The electronics on the othe...	[ "Offhand, I have no idea what their lives would have been like, but I can recommend a book. Check out Empire Families by Elizabeth Beuttner, it's about the families of imperial civil servants and other administrators, and how they dealt with living in India. If you want to research them in particular, your best ...
What is soylent and is it good for you?	[ "Soylent Green was a movie about a wondrous food that satisfied all nutritional needs, but had a dark origin. Since then, it has become a generic term for a food so nutritionally complete you don't need to eat anything else. [This](_URL_3_) has been getting a lot of press lately." ]	[ "Generally software will be described as \"open source.\" What this means is that the \"source code\" (the base code that the program is made of) is available to anyone to download, look at,or modify. This means that people can freely use this program or even modify their copy of it to make it do other things." ]
How was money first introduced?	[ "The \"how\" is pretty simple: Bill is a roofer; Ted is a chicken farmer. One day, Ted's roof was broken. Bill offered to fix it, in exchange for two chickens. This is a barter system, goods and services were exchanged for each other; Ted stays warm, and Bill gets a few meals. A week later, Bill is hungry. But he...	[ "Very poorly. Assuming you ask about the time period after we found out they were possible, before that they obviously weren't a thing, but before we found out why people died left right and centre. However, we soon found out that some combination of blood clotted, others worked fine." ]
How does hypnotism work and why are only some people able to be hypnotized?	[ "I'm not an expert by any means but as far as I know it works like this; It allows the hypnotized person to act (as they would like to/don't care about) without fear of consequence - or, more like, without having to think about it or to feel fear or judgement or anything negative...because it's all shifted to the h...	[ "He's covering the sugar in a hydrophobic coating. Scotchgard is a common one. [Here](_URL_0_) is a video of sand with a hydrophobic coating. Note that when he picks it back up out of the water, it's dry. This happens because water won't stick to or penetrate a hydrophobic surface. So, the sand/sugar stays \"dry\" ...
Why are transition metal solutions colored?	[ "1. During spontaneous emission, the direction of the emitted photon is random. So this translates into absorption of specific wavelengths of light when you record the spectrum of the transmitted light. This also means that if you 2. There are non-radiative forms of relaxation, so in each absorption, there is a ce...	[ "Most of bird poop is in fact brown(or green). The white portion you see is the urine in the form of uric acid, as birds do not urinate like mammals do. If you care to know, uric acid is used as a waste product because it is less toxic compared to ammonia(the urinary waste of fish) and Urea(mammals and amphibians) ...
Why are the latest sunrises and earliest sunsets not aligned?	[ "Here's a [picture](_URL_0_) that might help explain. That figure is the \"analemma\". You can create such a thing by taking a picture of the same location in the sky (assuming the Sun is there) at the same time of day throughout the year. What you'll notice is that the Sun doesn't just trace a line back and forth,...	[ "Well i dont sleep good at night time very often, so when i get home from school i crash right away. Im guessing its just based on your body clock and what time you eat/go to sleep. Basically it just depends what your daily schedule is...." ]
what does it mean when someone says “I’m trying to find myself”?	[ "It’s usually a shitty excuse people use to say they want to be alone but i guess it could also mean that somebody wants to discover things about themselves that that didn’t previously know." ]	[ "They would rather a site newbie not have to search to find the \"sign up\" page but rather a returning, and more experienced site user navigate to find the login page." ]
What would the sun or any other star sound like if we could hear it?	[ "interesting.... this is from the front page of _URL_1_ today _URL_0_ it is the radio wave recordings of the recent sunspot release" ]	[ "Shepard tone: sound loop made by a series of multiple sine waves rising one after another, eventually one of them reaches a point where it drops an octave, leaving the others to continue rising, they then follow the same pattern (drop an octave, rise again), creating the illusion of a never ending pitch increase. ...
Why can humans safely eat raw fish (sushi) and beef (steak tartar), but not raw chicken or pork.	[ "Pork has a high incidence of trichinosis and chicken has a high incidence of salmonella, but in principle you could eat these animals as safely raw as you can fish and cows if they were kept free of these diseases." ]	[ "You touch people everyday. Strangers are allowed to tap you on the shoulder. We also expect that people will get into fights. Rape is much more socially unexpected. Strangers cannot touch you sexually. Most rapists were trusted by their victims. Being raped in an alley by strangers is the minority. So its like thr...
If dreams occur during the "deepest" REM sleep, then why do we often wake up naturally right after them?	[ "As someone who suffers from a form of narcolepsy and slips into REM sleep much much faster than most I've come to realize that sometimes what feels like a certain amount of time in sleep might not really be close to that. In my case I could Slip into REM sleep in around 7 minutes dream a real dream that feels like...	[ "Two social psychological concepts come to mind here. State dependent memory encoding and Erickson Arousal theory of learning. State dependent learning states that what ever state of mind you are in during encoding is the state of mind where recall would be optimal. Erickson arousal theory states that learning is m...
What happens in the background when you click on the 'Safe to remove hardware' button in Windows?	[ "The safe removal function instructs the operating system to wait for all processes accessing a filesystem to finish and then \"dismounts\" the filesystem, preventing further read/write operations. If this step is not taken, there is potential for read/write operations that have not completed or are waiting to fa...	[ "Prologic works by flipping the phase on the audio meant for the rear channel. The decoder works like this: * any audio this is present on both the left and right channel and is in phase, is routed to the center speaker. * any audio that is present on both the left and right channel but is out of phase is routed ...
In news reports, documentaries, etc, when someone speaks in a different language, why are the dubbed translations in an accent?	[ "because most professional translators are people who speak the other language from birth and later learned English, and so they would sound accented." ]	[ "You can turn on your tap and get water instantly but if you're at a bar and want a beer, you need to wait for the bartender. TV is broadcast like radio. That means that the signal is always running and you just need to tell a TV to start paying attention to it. Modern digital cable TV system complicate some of the...
If white noise is a random audio signal, shouldn't we periodically hear tones? Or entire songs?	[ "Well, it is not just \"random data\", it has a specific characteristic. It contains equal power within a fixed bandwidth at any center frequency. A good analogy would be white light. White noise essentially contains a lot of notes, all at once. The mixture is fairly random, and constantly changing. If it were to...	[ "This phenomenon is known as [Phosphene](_URL_0_) . You're eyes don't necessarily need light entering them in order to be stimulated. The thalamus (the part of the brain responsible for relaying sensory signals), your visual cortex, and your retina are in an “always on” state. The neurons in these visual systems ar...
Why is wearing a hat indoors considered rude?	[ "It would be like wearing your coat inside, generally you don't do that. Hats have a very utilitarian function to either keep your head warm or dry and inside you don't need to do either. Eventually it morphed into a fashion statement but just like you are supposed to use the correct fork to be polite you are suppo...	[ "This is kind of a vague question, maybe if you could narrow it down to a specific place and year or decade? Mannerisms and culture change within society on a very quick turnaround (think about the differences in culture between now and 1990 alone) so it would help if you could specify" ]
How can LOVE effect us positively/negatively in so many ways when nothing else can?	[ "Cause love is the only thing that matters in the end. Or in a less poetic way, the only thing evolution gives a shit about is how many surviving offspring you get, and how many offspring they get and so on. So we have evolved to form bonds that would help with the survival of our offspring. As far as evolution i...	[ "I'm sorry that I'm no expert, but I remember reading about this the last time a similar question was asked: _URL_0_ Basically, you percieve time faster after your run because of endorphines released during the work out, which means that the music seems slower. This is apparently also why a lot of rock musicians pl...
When birth control says it's 99.9% effective, does that mean it's effective for 999 in 1000 times having sex or 999 in 1000 periods?	[ "[Neither](_URL_1_). Most of the time those percentages refer to “percent of women that did not get pregnant while using the method for a year”. That is, taking tho 99.9% figure: In a given year of using condoms, 1 out of 1000 women got pregnant. But your source may use a different method, so take a close look at t...	[ "There is a class of Probability distributions called the Gamma distributions. _URL_0_ \"In probability theory and statistics, the gamma distribution is a two-parameter family of continuous probability distributions. The common exponential distribution and chi-squared distribution are special cases of the gamma dis...
Why can't scientists make the pituitary gland release excessive growth hormone as therapy for shorter people?	[ "We do use growth hormone (GH) to treat small stature. It is somewhat controversial, however. If the small stature is caused by a deficiency in GH, we use it and all is grand. If the small stature is caused by something else, then it becomes a little more complex and treatment with GH depends on what is causing...	[ "Each builder is going to do what they want. Google pictures of Beijing some time, they have entire large blocks of buildings the same style and height. They also are far more regulated about how they build. I imagine in a more free market economy, each builder wants their building to be \"their building\" and not ...
What is the difference between a 'one-tail' and 'two-tail' test with regards statistical significance?	[ "In a one tail test, you are looking at the probability, or likelihood, x is above or below a certain amount (depending on which tail you are testing, you will look at if x is greater than this, or x is less than this) In a two tailed test, you are looking at the probability, or likelihood, that x equals or does no...	[ "Think about things bouncing around. Imagine a box with a fan in it. Put 20 balls in ithe box. Now imagine a basket to one side just the right size for the balls. Turn on the fan. The balls jump around randomly. At some point a ball will fall into the basket. This will happen at a given rate which will depends on h...
why does lead protect you from nuclear radiation?	[ "Yes. To safeguard against radiation (especially gamma radiation, which is high energy photons) it is good to have a lot of electrons, that can absorb the energy. Lead (which has the letters PB in the [periodic table](_URL_1_)) is the element that has the highest number of protons AND is not radioactive by its...	[ "Media companies \"Nuking\" torrent files with data. Nuking basically means they put some kind of trojan horse in a movie/video game file, so when you download it, they can track it and report you to your ISP." ]
The "third-eye"? What do people mean by that?	[ "The most relatable definition is that it is another name for the pineal gland, a part of your brain that has a number of cells that are similar to those found in the eye. For a more spiritual definition, the brow chakra (also a \"third eye\") is said to be in the same location as the pineal gland and is seen as th...	[ "I'd like to add this. In WWII they retrofitted some Spitfire airplanes with up to 5 cameras that used this exact same principal to take 3D areal recon photos of Europe. The cameras were aligned just right (and pilots trained just right) take take photos that could be put under a special viewing device bringing the...
How does Nat Geo get so much great footage of rare, small, and dangerous animals?	[ "They have the means to to put professional photographers \"in the field\" for long stretches at a time." ]	[ "There can be many reasons: - hiding behind a VPN or TOR or another proxy, or all of those; remember that there still are countries where piracy is not regulated by law - initial seeding from a remote server - actually living in a country with no laws against piracy - all of the above I also doubt that they are *th...
Why people always think that 'free' or 'cheap' equals bad?	[ "Because 90% of the time, the adage \"you get what you pay for\" holds true." ]	[ "\"Just about everyone here\" Where is \"here\" for you? It sounds like your question's premise is based on a small sample set based on personal observation. Before your question is addressed, you should be making sure the premise is valid..." ]
Why do car seats have expiration dates?	[ "Plastic gets brittle with age, especially when placed in a car where they are subjected to extreme heat and cold." ]	[ "California has some labeling and quality laws that are more strict than the rest of the country. If they didn't put that on there, then they could sell it in every state except California. So they just slap it on everything in order to avoid the hassle of worrying where in the united states it will wind up. If you...
Accelerative artificial gravity in zero G.	[ "It can be done a number of ways. Chemical thrusters work just fine, especially small thrusters spinning up a big station. If you have two counterrotating sections, they can be driven by electric motors of any sort. Flywheels could also work, but it seems needlessly complex compared to simple exterior thrusters. If...	[ "If the mass of the gun is lower but the mass of the bullet is the same, then the acceleration on the gun will be higher, since F must be the same." ]
I once heard that only European nations have peacefully embraced Christianity. Is this true? Were there ever any Asian or African nations that converted to Christianity?	[ "I also want to say this specifically refers to the middle east and the Orient before the rise of Islam. I read a lot about Persian Christians when I read about Christianity from the past and I was told Christianity and Zoroastrianism competed with each other in those territories before Islam came around." ]	[ "First of all, China -did- adopt western technology and at least made an attempt to adopt western governance. This is what the Chinese northern army looked like by the late 1800s/early 1900s: _URL_2_ _URL_0_ _URL_1_ As you can see they looked very much like contemporary European forces with western weapons. The rea...
Will your body use alcohol or store it as fat, or does it all just get filtered out by the liver? Similarly, where do the calories in beer come from?	[ "The liver does not \"filter\" alcohol. It metabolizes alcohol, via a two-step pathway (Ethanol- > acetyl aldehyde- > acetic acid). Acetic acid is then used to regenerate acetyl-coenzyme A, which is an energy currency in the citric acid cycle. Alcohol has caloric energy in it, and your body has the enzymatic machin...	[ "I was always under the impression a \"bar\" is a feature (usually a counter) in an establishment that serves it's specialty. For example; oyster bars serve seafood, salad bars serve bunny-food, alcohol bars serve alcohol. Similar to a kitchen, which prepares food in a restaurant. So a pub could have a kitchen an...
Did Imperial China see any foreign country as a "country"?	[ "As an added, semi-related question, I remember reading that China called the Roman Empire Daqin (大秦) with the impression the book in question gave me being that the name basically boiled down to \"the other China\". Is that an accurate summary?" ]	[ "My uncle tried to do that in the 60's by giving a new name, so he was allowed to stay in the country for 7 years. Then he got in trouble and they recognized where he was from because of the investigator they brought in who identified him by his accent. If you are from a country with a lot of immigrants though they...
What's the difference between libertarianism and anarchism?	[ "Libertarianism is based on the principles of maximal economic and personal liberty. Personal liberty doesn't require any government, but a basic study of economics shows that there are some things (most notably enforcement of contracts) which are best done by some governing body. So no libertarian would want a com...	[ "> how it really amounts to a bunch of bologna I don't have an answer, but I do need to point out that bologna = lunch meat. Baloney = nonsense." ]
Why does standing in one place for twenty minutes make my feet hurt more than walking for an hour?	[ "Standing up straight still requires your muscles to do work. But it's \"static' work which means it's the exact same muscles doing the exact same thing over and over again without being given a chance to relax and recover When you are walking around you are using a series of difference muscles. Even though there...	[ "Educated guess here. Lots of blood and lubricating fluid builds up in all the \"tubes\" of your genitals when you sexually excited, and the tubes expand a bit for better flow. The \"plan\" is all that fluid is expelled in an ejaculation, then all the blood flow goes back to the rest of your body and all your \"tub...
Why are 4KTVs so much more than four times the cost of displays one-quarter of the physical size with equal pixel density?	[ "Why wouldn't they be? If 4lb boxes of cheerios cost > 4x more than 1lb boxes of cheerios, you could combine 4 1lb boxes and get a 4lb box and profit. But you can't combine 4 televisions into one big television. I don't know about TVs, but in general, larger objects with tiny features tend to be more difficult to m...	[ "> Couldn't a TV station give less time for ads and charge more for them? Sure, but the people selling ads will see that as a bad deal, and go with the competition, which hurts the TV station, which incentivizes them to be competitive. > Couldn't there be less ad space on a website that costs more to use? Same as...
How do you get abs? Why do you get abs when you do exercises like Sit-ups and Push-ups?	[ "It's more fat loss than anything else. Everyone has abs, they're just usually under a layer of fat. The two most effective exercises for visible abs are fork put-downs and plate push-aways." ]	[ "Most cells (technically, most \"batteries\" are actually just one power cell, not a battery of cells, but never mind that) are strips of metal with a chemical paste between them, rolled up into the familiar shape. The electrical capability of the battery depends on the chemical reaction between the paste and those...
What is an umbrella company?	[ "It is a company that holds other companies underneath it, to keep the businesses separate operationally... Say PepsiCo, which owns Pepsi, Quaker, and Frito-Lay. Each might have different business practices, policies, accounting, etc. and can operate as they have more easily. Also allows easier spin-offs in case of...	[ "Get tax money from government. Spend it on people and equipment." ]
Why don't we boost the ISS into a higher orbit to avoid the need for frequent reboostings?	[ "The orbit was chosen so that the things that needed to be done for ISS - both construction and servicing - were within the payload capabilities of the available vehicles. If it was in a higher orbit, the launch vehicles would be able to bring less payload to that orbit. How bit of an issue depends on the payload m...	[ "NATO is an alliance, it's already \"banded together\" by definition. The problem is there is no way to \"sort out ISIS\". ISIS is a collective of individuals, they don't have a headquarters, a capital, or even a nation at all. It's like asking \"why can't we just kill everyone with a birthmark on their ass?\" Fir...
Why glass bottles are mostly round shape and have narrow, slim, neck, when plastic bootles don't?	[ "Relatively easy to manufacture, makes it easier to seal, and has a built in pouring method. Just means you need a small cork as opposed to a big one, really, and to make a wider container good for pouring it has to have a lip on an edge, which makes sealing it even more difficult. Besides which, if it doesn't ha...	[ "Who? Adolphe Sax. There is a nice slide show at _URL_0_ which includes the patent drawings that Sax submitted in 1846. The invention was not quite the miracle that you are implying. The number of holes to cover is pretty similar to that of the clarinets that preceded it. Those had been added a few at a time over t...
why does eating certain foods after a heavy night of drinking help prevent a hangover?	[ "Fatty foods especially will help because fat, a complex molecule that takes longer to digest than carbs or protein, keeps your duodenal sphincter closed off for longer, which keeps the alcohol in your stomach longer. This helps because the enzymes that help your body neutralize alcohol are pretty much exclusively ...	[ "To sell water and sports drinks. That's it. Most hydration experts will tell you \"drink when you're thirsty\". The human body has millions of years of evolution built in to tell you you need to drink. What it's never told you is that you need exactly 8 glasses of water a day. It's all marketing, and the fact that...
Medicare in the United States	[ "Medicare = government-provided medical aid for seniors Medicaid = government-provided medical aid for the poor The former is for all people that are 65 or over, the latter is only for those that qualify. Some have considered expanding medicaid to the point where it eventually becomes universal health care, but it'...	[ "This is a horrible map! See if you can find one that lists per capita ratio differences. I think the picture will change quite a bit, and will probably spark other questions." ]
At large enough time scales, do quantum effects make it impossible to predict macro-scale phenomena?	[ "Well, it's enough that you take into account 'classical' deterministic randomness to make chaotic processes unpredictable in practice. If you take into account quantum non-determinism (a matter of interpretation, although most are inclined think it is), then yes, that'd make stuff unpredictable even _in principle...	[ "I initially was extremely sceptical, as the thread question is both wide-ranging and oddly specific. However, reading your explanatory post I got a much better idea of what it was you are looking for. You raise several valid points and I think the questions you are asking are interesting ones. But you mostly answe...
My brother looks exactly like my dad when my dad was a baby. I currently look like my dad at his current age. My brother and I do not look alike nor related. How does this happen?	[ "You each got 50% of your dad's genes, some overlap and some don't, some get activated earlier than others." ]	[ "It is every cell in our body. When the original zygote begins dividing, it first divides into two cells. Both of the resulting cells were the original cell. Then each of those divides in two. Then each of those. Wash. Rinse. Repeat. So the end result is that every single cell in your body was once the original z...
The Earth's gravity is strong enough to keep orbiting spaceships/stations from flying off into space, so why do people on board seem not to experience it? Shouldn't they be drawn down towards the Earth-side of the spacecraft?	[ "They are drawn towards the earth the same as the spacecraft in orbit. They're in orbit too." ]	[ "Very careful simulation based on testing data. Engineers have experimentally gathered data about all the different materials used to make the telescope. This data includes failure points given applied loads, vibrational frequencies, etc. They can use this along with a computational model of the sattelite to predic...
how come breathing is the only autonomous system we have direct control of?	[ "There is no reason to have conscious control of heart rate and metabolism so humans never developed that. However, there are very good reasons to have conscious control of breathing. Vocalization is one example that requires a lot of complex control." ]	[ "well, functionally, its the best. you don't need to look at someone to get a message (which can nice for when your eyes need to be focused on something else), you don't need your hands to communicate, and it can provide tone or intent more easily and more clearly than hand" ]
How do TV/Movie residuals work?	[ "Contracts from when the movie/show was first made. It’s in the contracts how much you get of the profits of the movie, and that’s forever. It’s not renegotiated for each release." ]	[ "There is an episode of This American Life that explains it really well: _URL_0_ They say that the real money is made of incentives from the manufacturer to sell the cars - they just need to move a set number of cars, it really doesn't matter how much they sell them for. And then they get big payouts from the manuf...
Why did Humans evolve to be the predominant species?	[ "If you're really asking 'why', no one knows. Luck. Chance. Possibly something else entirely. It's a deeply philosophical question. If you're asking how, tools. Tools made the difference. Humans were lucky enough to learn to use tools, to develop fire. That was what pushed us into the dominant position." ]	[ "Our intelligence. Tool making and fashioning weapons and traps seems to be our best bet." ]
What are Calabi-Yau manifolds??	[ "A mathematical description of the spaces where string theory is valid." ]	[ "Thank you for your submission! Unfortunately, your submission has been removed for the following reason(s): You can find the basic answer with a google / wiki search. Please start there and come back with a more specific question. If you disagree with this decision, please send a [message to the moderators.](_URL...
What happens when I run a disk defrag?	[ "The disk is basically a bunch of empty blocks all in a row. When you get some data on your computer, these blocks fill up. Every file is made up of a bunch of blocks (the blocks are really small). When you delete a file from the middle of the stack, that bunch of blocks become empty. You computer doesn't want to w...	[ "a program is like a piece of cloth occasionally a hole is found so you put a patch on it but the cloth remains the same size when you want to make a cloth a blanket then you make it bigger this is called bloat" ]

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