Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
Friday Free-for-All \| August 30, 2013	[ "I need your help! I am in possession of a letter written by an Italian POW during WWII. However, I can't read Italian and I am unfortunately very bad at reading handwriting. If anyone would like to help me to transcribe or give me a summary of the contents of the letter, I'd be very grateful. [Here is the letter i...	[ "Here's some of what I found _URL_2_ _URL_6_ _URL_1_ _URL_3_ _URL_5_ _URL_0_ _URL_4_" ]
How do dollar stores provide the same food as retailers for cheaper	[ "They purchase overstock, discontinued items, defective products, and things like that for a massive discount. Basically factories were going to throw away these products because they couldn't sell them to anyone else. Lays probably just had some overstock. Nothing wrong with the chips, they're just as safe. It's a...	[ "It's basically an accounting trick, to get more favorable nutrition stats. The numbers listed for calories/fat/sugar...etc are all measured per \"serving\". So, if they make 1 \"serving\" smaller, then they get to claim fewer calories/fat/sugar...etc on the label." ]
How does a zipper work?	[ "[Animated Gif](_URL_0_) [Source](_URL_1_) No better way to describe it.... the gif shows it best" ]	[ "This CGP Grey video does a really good job of explaining it all. _URL_3_" ]
Why is it legal to send a letter telling a person they've been pre-approved for a credit card, only for the company to then deny that person a credit card?	[ "You have been PRE approved. Not final approved. The qualification process is many steps. Just because you passed the first one doesn't mean you'll pas the last" ]	[ "if your side-view mirror was a traditional flat mirror, you wouldn't be able to see very much because of its small size and distance from your eyes. Instead, a convex mirror is used, which means it is curved. This allows you to see a greater field of view, showing you more of the cars that are off to your side and...
Why do plastic wrappers have black indicators in some areas?	[ "You mean like a solid black line or rectangle? It's for tracking, the machine that makes the cuts has a sensor to watch for those so it knows when to cut and if it is cutting right." ]	[ "California has some labeling and quality laws that are more strict than the rest of the country. If they didn't put that on there, then they could sell it in every state except California. So they just slap it on everything in order to avoid the hassle of worrying where in the united states it will wind up. If you...
NSFW: Why is a sweaty ball scratch so enjoyable and do females have an equivalent place they love to scratch?	[ "I've been told general down there scratching feels nice to everyone because of the intense amount of nerve endings present in similar tissue type. Or how it was put to me: \"nah. Vagina scratching feels good as hell\"" ]	[ "Apparently frisson is a release of dopamine, the neurotransmitter often associated with reward (fun fact: chemical addictions are often caused by messing with dopamine receptors e.g. nicotine and cocaine). [I just pulled that from this redacted article](_URL_0_) As for why I don't really know, only speculate." ]
How come my allergy to cats makes me sneeze and my friend's allergy to peanuts can kill him?	[ "Both allergies are type one hypersensitivity reactions, which means that exposure to the allergen causes IgE antibodies to bind to mast cells and release histamine. The histamine then causes, among other things, the bronchioles to constrict, which cuts off breathing. The main difference in response is entirely ...	[ "See [this thread](_URL_0_) asking the same question from a few years ago. & nbsp; Basically, SSRI is a class of many different drugs (Prozac is fluoxetine and Lexapro is escitalopram, for example) each with a different structure. This structure can affect how the drug affects you. > Also, is there any other cla...
Is it possible to improve your eyesight without surgeries?	[ "There's very little peer-reviewed [evidence](_URL_0_) for vision therapy, but certainly many people are claiming anecdotal evidence. I'd be very wary of anybody charging you money for such a program, though." ]	[ "Through exposure. Put a camera in a dark room and take a long exposure picture. They do the same thing for seeing things far away in space. The reason it takes satellites so long to get a picture is because they have been taking a long exposure shot the entire time." ]
What happens, or what is supposed to happen, if a US State does not comply with laws or instructions from the Federal Government?	[ "Federal courts can issue orders (but don't always - for instance cannabis is federally illegal, but the executive has decided not to enforce it, bit messy). These can be enforced by various legal means, much as they would be enforced against a company or individual. Note that until the courts decide a case, the st...	[ "One notable example would be the Free Territory of Ukraine, formed in 1918 after the Ukrainian Revolution. This was an attempt to create an anarchist society, although it got caught up in the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. While it had its own military (more or less), the area it claimed in eastern Ukraine fell u...
This question has been stewing for a bit. If a neutrinos pass through our body all of the time, then what happens when one actually collides with the atoms of our bodies?	[ "When a neutrino interacts with a part of our body, it scatters off a proton or neutron in the nucleus of an atom. It will sometimes scatter elastically, causing the nucleus of the atom to recoil and the atom to become ionized. It can also scatter inelastically, producing secondary particles, such as pions, which d...	[ "Have you ever wondered what's inside your bouncy ball? Imagine it was too small to cut but you really, really wanted to know. What you might want to try is throwing it into something so hard that it breaks and you can see the smaller parts. Of course, if you only have another bouncy ball because that's the only th...
What good does ticketing homeless do?	[ "1) Incentive to make them leave. 2) Them not paying the ticket gives the police grounds to arrest them. This is sometimes used by some police departments as a way to underhandedly give them shelter, food, and a shower that they would not otherwise have the authority to do. Similar things are done with public drun...	[ "It got main stream news people talking about income inequality other then that nothing." ]
Are there any benefits we know of right now if we were to make it to the "island of stability" with super heavy elements?	[ "Keep in mind that the half lives of isotopes in the \"island of stability\" are still likely to be pretty short (a few seconds to days). This is long compared to nearby isotopes, but still too short for most practical applications. Also, these experiments typically only produce a few atoms at a time. Studying the...	[ "This is my field of research. My group in graduate school loaded ultra-short SWNTs (US-tubes) with [Gadolinium ions for MRI contrast enhancement](_URL_0_), with [AtCl for alpha therapy of cancer](_URL_3_), with [molecular iodine for CT enhancement](_URL_2_), and with [cisplatin for anti-cancer drug...
What happens to confiscated money from drug busts or any crime that involves cash from am illegal business?	[ "It gets held in evidence then properly destroyed, usually by incineration. If it's counterfeit bills, I believe they report them to the federal mint and if it's real money it's now considered a police asset, basically added to the departments budget" ]	[ "It stays in their campaign fund and can only be used for campaign expenses. Most candidates run a debt, so there isn't much left over. When there is, they can use it for a future campaign." ]
Why restaurants give an odd number of items for an even number of people (appetizer pieces or bread)	[ "They don't adjust the number of items based on the people at the table. Why are you taking even numbers of guests to odd-appetizer restaurants?" ]	[ "Imma answer your question, but first let me tell you about this time I watered the lawn on a warm july afternoon, there were clouds in the sky and childrens laughter.... ok seriously, who knows, maybe they just like to hear themselves type, or create an emotional connection to the recipe, perhaps they are just kil...
Could Spain had conquered China in the XVI century and eradicated its culture as they did with the Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas?	[ "While more can be written on this, I noted the potential hurdles which would have been facing European powers of the nineteenth century regarding a conquest of China [here](_URL_0_)." ]	[ "Monarchs often have several options in designating a successor. Their evaluation of their progeny's talents played into this. My area is SE Asia, so to give you one example, Emperor Gia Long (r.1802-1820) of Vietnam did not follow the assumed route of succession which would have meant naming his grandson to the th...
How does muscle relaxers not stop muscles needed to live. IE: your heart	[ "Imagine any drug you take is like a key and that key can only fit into certain keyholes (receptors) on certain doors (target organ/tissue/nerve etc). There are different types of muscle relaxers (keys) that open certain doors and causes a reaction to occur behind that door (this is the drug action). This is how th...	[ "Nobody uses tranquilizer darts on people. Unlike in movies, in real life a darted animal doesn't just fall over. It slowly gets sleepier and more lethargic, and usually lays down." ]
Medicine where a side effect is weight gain- does the medicine increase your appetite, or slow down your metabolism?	[ "Depends on the medication. Those are two of the possible mechanisms, but there are more. A few other possibilities, off the top of my head: changed exercise tolerance, fluid retention, directly triggering fat storage. There are probably more, including mechanisms we don't know about yet. A given medication may h...	[ "Both special relativity and general relativity affect clock rates. * Special relativity: Faster moving clocks run more slowly, so a low orbit (fast moving) clock runs more slowly than a high orbit (slow moving) clock or than a stationary clock on the Earth. * General relativity: Low altitude clocks run mor...
Can anyone tell me more about the Agrianes - the elite javelin men of Alexander's army?	[ "From what I've read, they were an elite group of warriors that Alexander often used in unconventional ways. They were great in combat, they could serve as skirmishers as well. They were used for night raids and scouting as well. At one point, when Alexander reached a city that was high in the mountains, he had the...	[ "The first 100 issues of an important UK archaeology monograph series, East Anglian Archaeology, were recently made available [for free on their website](_URL_0_). These are site reports - publications of archaeological data - for the UK counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, and parts of Cambridgeshire. The series includes...
How come fat shaming subs were removed but subs that promote illegal activities like r/shoplifting are not	[ "Those subs weren't removed for their content, but because of actions like vote brigading, which violate Reddit's ToS. I suspect that if we weren't in the middle of a election, r/the_Donald would be removed under the same rule. I'm not positive, but is discussing illegal activities against the ToS? If so, just abo...	[ "The New York Attorney General declared it as gambling and doesn't want the two sites taking bets from New York residents. The site has always been a mix of gambling and fantasy. Here's the full article _URL_0_" ]
Would it be possible for a planet with a 24-hour day to have seasons that last for years? And if so, how would it differ from our own planetary system?	[ "the length of the day is determined by the rotation of the planet and the length of the year is determined by the size of the orbit. So, yes, absolutely you could have a planet that rotates every 24 hours and has a very large orbit. However, a larger orbit means greater distance from the star, so it would have to ...	[ "You can see stars, planets etc. move across the sky at the earth's current rotation rate. Sit still and line up a heavenly object with an stationary object in your foreground (a tree trunk, for example). Within a minute or two, you will see that the object has moved. Similarly, mark the position sun's/moon's shado...
Could it be so cold that it's impossible to start a fire?	[ "Technically yes. At absolute zero, - 273.15 C, entropy reaches its lowest value. At absolute zero all molecular activity ceases, and since combustion is a reaction involving excitation, fire as we know it cannot exist at absolute zero. But, the laws of thermodynamics state that zero can't be reached by only thermo...	[ "Because the chart is the lowest recorded, not the lowest possible. We generally send probes to the temperate regions not the extreme poles. The temperature on Earth was recorded at or near the south pole, the one on Mars near the equator. [NASA says -153° C](_URL_0_) the the lowest possible on Mars. And with a li...
Why aren't there any IPA text-to-speech programs, seeing as every sound in the IPA has a designated symbol and pronounciation?	[ "_URL_0_ You probably have never heard of it in your circles since no one in your circles need it. Conveniently it can still be found a google away." ]	[ "Other forms of media have a lot more money behind them. Your average AAA blockbuster movie has budgets in the eight digit range, so they can easily afford to pay for a couple of translators and VAs to go over the movie and simultaneously release in multiple languages. With more niche stuff (yes, anime is niche com...
Why are some people attached to a particular sleeping position?	[ "I would also like to know why I always end up sleeping on my stomach with my arms by my head, even though my arms fall aslep every time I do this. My scumbag sleeping brain never learns..." ]	[ "What I learned in psychology was that its an oral fixation. Just like people who smoke.. Or chew on certain things.. I dont remember the name of the professor who came up with the theory though so I can't help you there. Wish I paid attention a bit more" ]
Could Dark Matter explain Neutrinos traveling Faster Than Light?	[ "If photons interacted with dark matter, it wouldn't be dark." ]	[ "Well stars can be heavier than these limits. These limits only apply to the core of stars or to stellar remnants, not to the mass in the envelope of stars. Cores and remnants are incredibly dense already and radiation pressure can not sustain the star against its own gravity, so the dominating type of pressu...
Let's say Sperm A fertilized with my mother's egg. Would I look different if Sperm B had met up with the egg?	[ "I suppose we can rephrase this question and say 'are all sperm produced by an individual the same or not?'. The answer is no, they are all genetically distinct. The simplest way to think about this would be that each of your sperm has a random half of your DNA. And it's not just random segregation of your chromos...	[ "Your brain can be primed, meaning if you activate certain sensors with certain stimuli, you will be quicker to recognize the stimuli the second time you experience it. Just because the stimulation does not register with your consciousness, doesn't mean those sensors weren't triggered. That \"subconscious\" stimul...
Could a tidally locked satellite such as our Moon experience seasons like we do on Earth?	[ "There is no reason there couldn't be seasons, because the seasons have nothing to do with the rotation rate of the moon. On Earth, the seasons are a result of the tilt of the Earth's axis relative to its orbit around the Sun. A tidally locked moon will generally align its spin axis with that of its planet. If the ...	[ "A lot of variables control temperature. Different air masses, cloud cover, and wind mixing are just as important to regulating temperature as radiative heating is. Assuming a constant air mass, a noticeable time lag in the global radiative heating balance appears. As summer progresses, more heat is entering the E...
Why do pop radio stations play the same old songs over and over?	[ "The simple answer is those tracks have the best ratings (or listens) in their pool. People also generally enjoy songs that are more familiar to them (which increases the more you play it), something akin to muscle memory." ]	[ "Not any time soon. For example, in 1787, Mozart created a game when you rolled dice to randomly select measures you could put together to build a waltz. Turns out there are over 700 trillion combinations, meaning every man, woman, and child in the world could each have 100 million unique waltzes \"composed\" by Mo...
Why do we find accents attractive?	[ "There is a genetic predisposition to seek out the exotic. In social terms, this is expressed very easily through finding folks that look similar enough but sound different enough to demonstrate that they are from a different genetic pool. This is one of the many remnants of our evolution that keeps us from inbreed...	[ "[This](_URL_0_) previous thread explains it as [entrainment](_URL_2_). When changing the diameter of your lips, the airflow is subject to the [Bernoulli effect](_URL_1_) where it speeds up. When the air moves faster, it draws in more surrounding air which is cooler than your body temperature, thus making it feel c...
why is it that when a bike is stationary it will fall over but when moving it will stay up?	[ "I just happened across this Minute Physics video the other day, titled [\"How do bikes stay up?\"](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "That depends on the construction of your balance. Normally, you would want the pivot point for a balance to be above the center of mass. If you tilt the balance (with equal weights on both sides), you shift the center of mass away from the line going down from the pivot point. Gravity then takes care to bring it b...
Why do TV series end even though they have decent viewership, don't have any contracting issues with the cast and the plot could continue?	[ "It's all about the money. You need to make your overall schedule generate maximum profit. You could potentially put on a show with worse viewership, if its much cheaper to make. Or put one on with great viewership at a higher cost, if the viewership is high enough. You gotta look at all the factors, then look at e...	[ "Imagine a needle in a haystack that is 10 kilometers wide, and there are only 10 people designated to finding said needle. It would take them an insanely long time. They might find a few of the needles in their allotted time frame, but likely not all of them. When a game is released to the public, it's the same wa...
What is babbitt Alloy?	[ "All an alloy is is a mixture of different metals, instead of just one type. 99.9% of all metal used is some form of alloy (steel, for example, is an alloy of iron and carbon). Babbitt alloy is specially designed to have other metal rub up against it. It's a mixture of hard metal crystals surrounded by a softer me...	[ "Something everyone needs, so perhaps bullets, or rations. Examples would be The Last of Us and FTL: Faster Than Light. Both these games, one being post-apocalyptic, the other a space exploration thingy feature trading using ration cards and \"scrap\" (used to mend ships and buy upgrades) respectively. Both of whic...
vacuum and temperature?	[ "There are three ways heat can be transferred: - Conduction: heat moves through an object. Example: you heat one end of a steel rod, eventually the other end gets hot. - Convection: heat moves between a fluid and a solid. Example: you blow air on that steel rod; the steel gets cool and the air gets warm. - [Radiat...	[ "I think what you're getting at is the [Law of Laplace](_URL_0_), which describes the pressure exerted by a balloon-like structure as 2hT/r, where h is the thickness of the balloon, T is the tension in the rubber, and r is the radius of the balloon. From that equation, you can see that as r increases the pressure w...
what does "majority rule, minority rights" mean?	[ "It suggests that while the government in a democracy should be controlled by the will of the majority, the majority's power must be tempered by establishing inalienable rights of minority groups who might otherwise be dominated and abuse. For example, in the United States the Congress cannot take territory from a ...	[ "Imagine a huge crowd of people trying to get into a building with two doors. For them, the doors look identical, but inside the building, one of them leads to a nice, wide corridor, but the other leads into a tight maze. You dont know that one path is much easier than the other, but since the tight path is clogged...
If we can theoretically colonize Mars why haven't we even attempted to do so on the moon?	[ "Because doing so is more expensive than it is worth. There is still plenty of space to live here on earth and it is abundant with resources, unlike the desolate landscape of the moon or mars. Colonizing either would he a ridiculously expensive and difficult endeavor with no benefit besides saying we did it." ]	[ "Not enough energy to. It's like lighting a match in a snow storm and expecting it to melt everything. Sure, the match is hot, but theres a lot more cold than there is hot." ]
How does the "ping" command on the terminal actually work?	[ "Simpler explanation: I write you a letter that says \"This letter was sent from < my address > on < date > and < time > . Please send me a letter back as soon as you get this, with the exact time and date you received this. You follow the instruction and send the second letter back to me. When I get your letter, I...	[ "\"One of the most common ingredients used was dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride (DHTDMAC), which belongs to a class of materials known as quaternary ammonium compounds, or quats. This kind of ingredient is useful because part of the molecule has a positive charge that attracts and binds it to negati...
Why do teeth feel a bit loose when not brushing for a couple days?	[ "I don't know how old you are, or what dental treatment you have had in the past but here goes: - As you get older, your gums recede leaving your teeth with less structure around them - If you smoke or drink alcohol or have an unhealthy diet, this will also cause gum recession - If you haven't been to the dentist i...	[ "Think of your brain like a billion streams of water that flow over the surface of a rock. The more you use a certain stream, the more \"powerful\" that stream becomes by digging away that rock. Now even if you have a nice dug place for a stream, sometimes randomly that stream won't have needed to flow for a while ...
Why do extreme cold temperature damage our tissue and give us frost bite but storing meat in the freezer keeps it good?	[ "Storing meat in the freezer damages it. Since its already dead, it doesn't particularly care. If anything, damaging meat is a good thing, helps make it tender. Of course if you take meat out of the freezer, heat it to body temperature, then leave it like that it'll go all gross and discoloured." ]	[ "Different people do have different levels of sensitivity to different stimuli. People with Asperger's, for instance, tend to be sensitive to light and sound. It has to do with how the nervous system process the information the nerves are feeding it. Mental toughness is also part of it, as well as various technique...
Was the Uncle of a King a Prince?	[ "The use of prince you are referring to is the direct sons of a ruling monarch. If said uncle was the son of a king, then theoretically they would still be a prince. That said, these men often received other titles and often those took precedence. If you were a prince who was made a Duke, you'd likely style yourse...	[ "Interesting thought. I personally can’t think of any cases, and I don’t really see how raising something to the power of another unit in this way could relate to anything in the world of physics. Will be keeping an eye out for other responses though" ]
How do bills and fines work for foreigners?	[ "1. medical expenses, hospitals would most likely use debt collection agencies, these agencies would have contacts in other countries. The foreign agencies may be able to turn the case to local authorities, or settle it in court. 2. Traffic fines. Traffic fines obviously are handled by the authorities, they would ...	[ "One search isn't going to do much. They have hugely complicated algorithms in place to find what they are looking for. It might raise a flag, but a single flag isn't going to do much. By the way, just because you don't live here doesn't mean we aren't watching Creepy Smile." ]
Why are their so many campaigns to get people to stop smoking when the knowledge of its harm is known to everyone?	[ "> So why are their so many anti smoking campaigns? Because people are still smoking. > Is there a way that someone's smoking is effecting me that I'm not aware of? Littering, depending on location. And indirect smoking, if you pass by smoking people." ]	[ "It takes a while to implement the changes. How would you like it if the law changed overnight and you had to pay fees/go to jail next day without having a chance to adapt yet." ]
Does diffusion make it unnecessary to stir a tea?	[ "In theory, yes. In practice, no. Diffusion is slow, so if you want a cup of even tea by diffusion alone, you will probably have cold tea." ]	[ "No. :) That's a quite significant feature of quantum mechanics. They are completely indistinguishable. And this is a relevant feature when doing calculations in thermodynamics (more precisely in statistical mechanics)." ]
How, through evolution, is an animal's reproductive system able to change so radically in one mutation's generation that its parents gave birth a different way?	[ "You may be aware that some animals that ostensibly lay eggs actually give birth to live young. Some snakes, for instance. The eggs are never laid; they develop fully and hatch while still inside the mother. Basically, if you look carefully, there are all kinds of intermediate solutions out there. I'm not saying t...	[ "The percentage only considers the percentage of base substitutions in the DNA not the actual amount of DNA that is similar. Scientist look for similarities between genes, then when they find them, they count the number of times one DNA base has been replaced by another. If there is a strand of DNA that does not ha...
"Silent broker" - what does that mean?	[ "This has to be something made up to make the story seem more like a spy novel. The whole reason you use a broker is so that THEY talk and YOU remain silent. That's their whole job. A silent broker is just someone that takes 5% for doing nothing. So maybe it's a finder's fee? So a sales/marketing rep?" ]	[ "The school is selling cookies to raise money. S & P 500 is a collection of the 500 highest selling students. Dow (Dow Jones Industrial Average) is the average of the schools 30 best students. NASDAQ is the schools largest bake sale (stock exchange), but students can't buy baked good from each other, it's done via...
using animals with short gestation periods to study evolution	[ "My father studied oogenesis (creation of egg cells or ovum) in fruit flies for precisely that reason. These guys go through a generation is about a week so you can really study heredity. If you really want to see evolution happen inside of a human lifespan you need to look at organisms with a even shorter generati...	[ "The historians I've worked with relied on a lot of Geertz's work to explain the history of insular Southeast Asia, as well as other anthropologists. Perhaps one of the largest and first being Edmund Leach and his study Political Systems of Highland Burma: A Study of Kachin Social Structure, which helped explain ...
Why people get sick in cold weather?	[ "Cause people stay in door and are close together so the disease can spread." ]	[ "I believe it's from the constant adjustments your body has to make from being bumped around. You never get the opportunity to sit still like you would on a couch." ]
Unix shell accounts - what are they?	[ "In Unix, the shell is essentially the command line interface. Linux, an operating system designed to be very similar to Unix also uses a shell as the command interface. Now-a-days it's easy to download an installation package and install Linux on your own computer. Back in the days when your friend told you how ...	[ "I answered a similar question last month, although much depth could be added; _URL_0_" ]
What were Fidel and Raul Castro's reaction to Che Guevara's death?	[ "Fidel delivered a very long and heartfelt speech about a week after Che was killed to a large crowd in Havana. This memorial speech can be found online." ]	[ "Here are two photos from China after Japanese surrender: [Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-sheik toasting each other](_URL_0_) [Chinese civilians celebrating Japanese surrender with American soldiers](_URL_1_)." ]
Do solid black curtains reduce or increase the temperature of a room?	[ "The overall heat of the room is probably increased. Black things are black because they don't reflect much light, which means most of the sunlight entering through the window is getting absorbed by the curtains. Those curtains will shed that extra energy as heat to the air or as infrared radiation. Glass tends to ...	[ "Do you have a fly screen over the window? If so what you are observing is a [Moiré pattern](_URL_0_) being projected onto the window. Essentially the light is passing through the screen and the light waves get split up and then interact with each other causing spots of superposition where some regions are darker a...
If water makes things slippery, why does licking my fingers make it easier to open plastic bags?	[ "Licking your fingers is taking away the natural oils present there, so there is a less slippery surface to grab the plastic bag with" ]	[ "I'm only speculating but it could be Pavlovian response. You've probably heard of Pavlov's dog where the scientist would ring a bell and then give the dog some food, repeat, repeat, repeat. Eventually the dog would associate the bell with food and begin salivating at the sound of the bell, whether there was any fo...
What makes dog years different from Human Years+	[ "There's really no such thing as \"dog years\". It's just a way to give a rough estimate of how old a dog is compared to a human lifespan. Humans live roughly seven times a long as dogs (though it varies widely based on breed), so a dog that is 5 years old has lived roughly the same percentage of its expected lifes...	[ "Because there isn't a neat way to divide 365 days into 12 equal units. You can thank the traditions of the Ancient Romans for the solution." ]
Why are those last few drop's of pee such a relief?	[ "As a male I cannot relate to this, might just be me though. I just never heard of this. Theoretical I assume it is because of the pressure. When you pee it forces a pressure on your urethra, and the walls expand. When the pressure stops, the expanding of urethra stops, and you feel a relief. I presume someone ha...	[ "This is like asking \"why does a fire burn itself out - what's the point of using up all the fuel if it can't sustain itself?\"." ]
Why does cold water taste better than warm water	[ "The temperature of food and drinks affects how we taste things. The warmer something is the more you can taste sweet and bitter. The colder it is the more you taste salt and sour. The trance minerals in water give it a bitter taste, so the colder the water the less bitter it tastes." ]	[ "It is because of the [Venturi effect](_URL_0_). If you blow your air your mouth wide open, the speed of the air you blow is slower than if your mouth is almost close. The Venturi effect says that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its speed, and the pressure of a gas is also proportional to its tem...
Why is it that the velocity of a ball when it reaches its highest point is zero?	[ "It's vertical velocity is zero as it has stopped going up and is about to go down. It may still have velocity in the horizontal plane but in the vertical plane it is stationary. Think of someone on a bungee jump, once the slack has gone out of the bungee cord the person slows down until they stop(at their lowest p...	[ "Just taking the ideal gas equation of state: PV = NkT now N is fixed, because the balloon is sealed. P is too, it's just atmospheric pressure. So V = constant * T So it gets smaller if it gets colder. Of course this is simplified because it ignores the elastic pressure from the balloon itself which is actually kin...
Is there uncertainty in the spins of bound electrons in orbitals?	[ "What is important in electron orbitals is the pauli exclusion principle. I think the reason we speak so certainly in that particular case is that we actually are sure that there is one up and one down if they share an orbital. Otherwise the state is illegal for fermions. But we still don't know the spins of indivi...	[ "It was essentially an act of desperation. You seem familiar with the background, you might have heard of the phrase \"ultraviolet catastrophe,\" when the best model they had (the Rayleigh-Jeans law) at the time was so horribly wrong for short wavelengths. The field of statistical mechanics was still young at the t...
MK Dons 4 - 0 Manchester United	[ "It's a large upset, but it's not unprecedented. Manchester United is in a transitional phase, and therefore is going to lose more games that their fans are accustomed. MK Dons is a team from the 3rd division of the English soccer pyramid. However, the competition that this game took place must be considered. The L...	[ "I have a question for you. Do you want the version that is super, super long and includes a write-up on what actually went down at Munich, and the subsequent responses back and forth? Or do you want the shorter version that only talks about media coverage of the incident and how it changed things?" ]
Did the divided Germany suffer any military restrictions after WWII similar to WWI? Such as only being allowed to have a certain number of troops in their army or not being allowed to station troops in certain areas and if so, for how long? And do they still continue after their reunification?	[ "Don't know about your first question but the second one is easy to answer: Article 3 of the 2+4 treaty limits the size of the Bundeswehr to 370.000 (of which 345k can be in the army plus airforce). Germany also reaffirmed its renunciation of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. With the general downsizing o...	[ "It's important to note that the Paraguayan population didn't decrease overall by 90%; that was the impact to the population of fighting age males. Franciso Solano Lopez's policies essentially conscripted every possible male in Paraguay over the course of the war as the situation grew more and more desperate. There...
What is an aneurysm? Can epilepsy cause an aneurysm?	[ "While I'm curious to hear the well thought out responses that I hope will come, I primarily want to give my condolences for the death of your father. Internet hug, fellow redditor." ]	[ "Non-expert here, but isn't it just an adrenaline surge? It's just the muscles getting twitchy in preparation to bolt at any second. _URL_0_" ]
How long could ISS survive without resupply?	[ "While your scenario may seem far-fetched, there are a couple of real life stories of \"stranded\" astronauts - at least emotionally, if not literally. One would be the story of Expedition 6, the crew on ISS when Columbia was destroyed on re-entry. There is a book about it: _URL_1_ The second would be the story of ...	[ "It depends on altitude, space weather, and on board power requirements. This explains it better than I could: _URL_1_" ]
Why are local mexican and asian markets cheaper than super markets?	[ "In a big chain supermarket, distributors are actually PAYING the store for shelf space... that's why the brand name kids cereal is at arms' reach, while generic or \"off brand\" KaKa poofs are on the bottom shelf. A small specialty store only has so many brands to deal with, and some of these places import only on...	[ "Sometimes the exact same factory just uses a different label for the exact same product, sometimes the differences are small and you get essentially the same product, and sometimes the differences can be large with EITHER the store brand or the brand name product being superior. It's difficult to tell and how well...
What is the name of the ancient Incan play transcribed by a Spanish priest between 1500 and 1600?	[ "I believe the play you are looking for is called Ollantay. The play itself might have been written later than the dates you give in your question, according to The Cambridge History of Latin American Literature: > Although based on legendary material with roots in pre-Conquest history, the play seems to respond...	[ "I would say that the portrayal is not far off, even though we have to take it with a grain of salt - something that it has in common with all biopics in movie history. Concerning the events taking place in the film, they have obviously been cut short, changed or exaggerated for dramatic effect. One of the most fam...
Why are brand names usually hidden on tv?	[ "Brands generally pay for product placement in TV and films, there's no reason to advertise a brand for free." ]	[ "Online tracking is easy. Whenever you click on an ad, it sets a cookie on your computer that marks you as arriving to that site from the ad. Your each activity on that site is tracked and noted when you make your purchase. Offline is a bit different. Depending on the size and marketing efforts of a company, they m...
In natural history, we often learn about ancient fauna, but what does ancient flora look like? When did Trees evolve? and what major evolution's in plants happened and when?	[ "Trees were one of the most disruptive life forms to ever appear, and the defining characteristic of the [Carboniferous era](_URL_5_). There was about a 100 million year gap between when trees first appeared, and when a fungus capable of breaking them down appeared. Before that, trees would lie where they fell inde...	[ "Assuming she was Protestant: What interactions did she have with English soldiers? Were family members involved in helping either side? What did they do? How was participation viewed? How did her perception change after Bloody Sunday? Was she ever \"taxed\" by the Provos? Did she have Catholic friends and how did ...
Why is it okay for men to show their nipples in public, but not women?	[ "It is ok for women to show their nipples in public...at least according to a federal judge. Prosecutors failed to provide sufficient evidence that a women’s breasts are different than a man’s. Realistically, it’s because men see a woman’s boobs as sexual objects and don’t think they should be expected to control t...	[ "\"Just about everyone here\" Where is \"here\" for you? It sounds like your question's premise is based on a small sample set based on personal observation. Before your question is addressed, you should be making sure the premise is valid..." ]
How do giant companies come up with a reasonable and accurate valuation of another company when attempting to buy them out?	[ "They have an investment bank do it for them! But there are a couple of methods they can use: 1) The value today of all future cash flows that the business is expected to generate 2) The value of all of the businesses assets, if you sold them. 3) The market capitalization of their stock" ]	[ "There was a great short YouTube documentary about the company that does this for the Premier League posted in r/soccer a while back but I can't find it right now. Basically there are a bunch of guys who sit around and watch certain games on computers with special software that lets them keep track of all this stuf...
Why shouldn't you give babies honey?	[ "Honey contains [Clostridium botulinum](_URL_1_) spores which can give rise to [infant botulism](_URL_0_), which can lead to short-term paralysis ([floppy baby syndrome](_URL_3_)). Why don't adults get botulism from honey? It isn't completely understood, but one theory is that adults have more bacteria in their gut...	[ "[No](_URL_0_), there is too much mercury in it." ]
Is there a chance we haven't yet discovered a fundamental branch of science, such as electricity?	[ "The problem with this question is that it's dealing with speculation, not science. Thus, officially, there isn't a way to say scientifically that we know everything... ever. That being said, there have been many times that physicists of the era said that there were no major discoveries left, only minor stuff. Then...	[ "A village well's. There is enough water deep undeground, just not at the surface. And most beduins today have satelite dishes and internet, So i think they are managing just fine :D" ]
How do historians overcome lack of primary sources in their research?	[ "I'm sure others can pipe in and discuss more, but you could turn to oral history. There's a whole methodology associated with doing oral history correctly. It's unfortunately not as simple as just interviewing people. A good place to start with methodology may be Zembrzycki (ed.), Oral History Off the Record. Ther...	[ "Hi everyone. Since this is the kind of question that can attract non-expert responses, just a friendly reminder that all responses must comply with [sub rules](_URL_0_), and that [personal anecdotes](_URL_1_) are explicitly not permitted in /r/AskHistorians." ]
If brain cells (neurons) are specialized cells which don't divide, how does brain cancer exist?	[ "The brain cancers are usually not the neurons but the supporting cells around them, like glial cells. Those supporting cells do replicate more frequently than neurons do, and is typically what is referred to as brain cancer" ]	[ "Imagine you're trying to find a coffee shop in a city. If you've been there recently, it should be pretty easy to find. If it's been 10 years since you've been to the coffee shop or the city, it might take you a LONG time to find. It also might take long to find if you've been to other, similar coffee shops in the...
How does simply "campaigning" in a state lead to potentially increased poll numbers?	[ "First, easy access to information is effecting traditional campaign methods. Second, the candidates don't just visit these States just to \"be there\" - unless they're very lazy they go to small events and answer questions from potential constituents about personal situations, and the answers relate to those peopl...	[ "I honestly don't understand how it could be illegal. If I want to spend my own money to take out an ad in a newspaper saying that I want so and so to win for president, why shouldn't I be allowed to do that? What if I got together with some friends to buy a commercial to do the same thing? I don't see why I shoul...
How can Wikileaks be a trusted source without confirmed sources and unverifiable documents?	[ "They leak mostly emails. Emails contain a mechanism called DKIM which basically inserts code into the email when it is first sent. With this code you can 100 percent verify if they were tampered with and the source. Using said method you can easily see all emails released by wiki leaks are verified. The site has ...	[ "I don’t think there’s anything to explain. Sometimes we as humans are just hypocrites. Why is Bill Clinton given a pass on all the allegations against him? Why do people follow some bits of the bible and reject the bits they don’t like? Humans are strange." ]
If electricity from wall outlets is AC, how come some plugs have a left-right orientation?	[ "It’s not a matter of which direction the electricity is flowing when the appliance is on (because it’s AC as you pointed out) but which side of the circuit is live when the switch is off. In the US, polarized plugs use the smaller prong to supply current to the appliance and the wider prong as the neutral. If bot...	[ "Because the law required them to be back-ward compatible with anything and everything ever invented. And people expect them to look a certain way, so they keep it up. And because it's a lot of time from Very Important Useless People (congressmen) to change the law for something that's really not that important. Am...
We know the Earth is not perfectly round. Why do we not ever see it in any photos?	[ "The difference between the equatorial diameter and the polar diameter of the Earth is only about 0.3%. This is too small to notice by visual inspection of a photo." ]	[ "If you lived a few thousand years ago, you could make a good map of the constellations of the zodiac piece-by-piece at night. Then, at sunrise or sunset, you could measure the angle between the sun and celestial objects that are visible even in daylight: the Moon, Venus, and Jupiter are the best choices. You then ...
What exactly is the difference between .com and .net at the end of domain names? What makes one better than the other?	[ "The only practical difference is that they're different. Once upon a time, .com was supposed to be for commerce, .net for internet-based services, and .org for non-profit organizations. That didn't last, and now they don't mean anything, and are joined by a number of other unrestricted top level domains, such as ....	[ "You don't actually \"buy\" anything. You rent it. Much like you rent an apartment. You rent it from the ICANN for a fee. This rental, much like your apartment rental, has a time constraint to it. The root DNS servers get their information from ICANN, so when you type in your browser \"_URL_0_\" your computer goe...
What would happen if the US just withdrew all their troops from everywhere in the world?	[ "Most likely, we'd get a different set of problems. I think the scale of problems would remain more or less the same, probably slightly less, but the truth is that USA acts in self interest only, which tends to cause at least as many problems as it solves." ]	[ "I initially imagined the moon exploding and the tides and everything being messed up and then the movie 2012. But then I decided I want a real answer as well. I'm here for that. Pretty good question, OP." ]
Can we convert Hydrogen to Helium like scientists did with Nitrogen to Oxygen? if yes how do we do it? if no then why not?	[ "This conversion process happens in the sun all the time, and it is what people attempt to do in nuclear fusion reactors on earth. The problem is that you need incredibly hot plasma for the reaction to occur, which is difficult to contain without melting the reactor." ]	[ "Nasa, among other groups with space exploration in mind, are asking that question themselves: _URL_0_ It seems the biggest problem to overcome is the low atmospheric pressure, which sucks the already rare water out of plants. Nutrients don't seem to be a problem." ]
What the fuck was the person that first milked a cow try to accomplish?	[ "No-one will ever know. Most likely scenario: having previously seen that a calf suckles milk from a cow, and that a baby suckles milk from a woman, in a circumstance where human milk wasn't available it wouldn't be a huge leap of mental agility for our ancestors to deduce that nourishment could be derived from the...	[ "OP can you maybe clarify a little about what it is you are looking for an explanation of? Whose idea it was to launch an invasion into NW Europe across the English Channel? Whose idea it was to do it in the Summer of 1944? Whose idea it was to do it specifically in Normandy?" ]
Are Liberals over exaggerating climate change for personal gain or are Conservatives undermining the topic for personal gain?	[ "When over 95% of the scientists in a field accept the evidence for something (and there are lots of them, it's not like 95% of 5 people), it's ridiculous of non-scientists to claim it's not real. The people who are claiming this have no actual concept of how any of the science works, just like the anti-vaxxers don...	[ "It varies, but not much individually. The problem is when everyone does it. It's kind of like why you're taught not to pick a flower from a garden when growing up. You alone, picking one flower, is not going to be noticed, it's not going to affect the plant or garden overall, but if everyone picks just 1, very s...
Why is taking tylenol so bad for the liver?	[ "Tylenol is metabolized in the liver when it goes through your system. If your liver is already working on getting the alcohol out of your body, adding Tylenol on top of that will overwork and damage it. Ibuprofin or NSAIDs are broken down in the digestive system so they are a little safer to take with alcohol. How...	[ "Every time you make a copy of a cell, there is a chance for errors. For example when you photocopy a first print, it is pretty crisp and close to the original, but there are a few minor discrepencies. Now if you photocopy the copy, it gets more distorted, and so on until some letters get hard to read, it gets diff...
I have a few questions about temperature?	[ "I'll focus on the first question if that's ok: > Does it take the same ammount of energy to heat something from 5°C to 6°C as it takes to heat that same thing from 1002°C to 1003°C? As /u/mfb- said you can use this approximation in certain cases, but generally speaking the heat (Energy) you need to add to a subst...	[ "If you look at a map/globe, you'll see horizontal and vertical lines across it. The gap between the horizontal lines is constant right across the globe (unlike the vertical lines, which get closer together as you get nearer to the poles - this will be more obvious on a globe than a map). \"Latitude\" is the name f...
why do mma fighters often 'gas' after only a few minutes when other athletes exert themselves for much longer periods?	[ "Was a wrestler in high-school - those three periods at three minutes each are hell! Hardest exertion of energy I have ever experienced." ]	[ "Your title seems to imply that in two rocket engines that are identical in every way except for the ability to throttle the one with the ability to throttle would always produce a lower Isp. This isn't the case. At the same throttle level these two engines would have the same Isp, but as the throttleable engine re...
If two countries are at war, what happens to the envoys/employees of the Embassy in the country it is hostile to?	[ "Depends on the circumstances of the war, but really anything goes. For this reason embassy activity is often a clue that war is coming. One example of this is when Japan started burning documents from their embassy before the Pearl Harbour attack." ]	[ "What happens under the Affordable Care Act: if you already get health insurance through your job: Your children can stay on your health plan until they turn 26. Other than that, nothing else changes. if you don't get insurance through your job: You are required to have health insurance one way or another. ...
It took six months for the axis powers to force Greek Army into surrendering in _URL_0_ that delay significant in postponing Operation Barbarossa?	[ "The Balkans campaign did not delay. By now most historians agree on this. See: _URL_0_" ]	[ "The orbit is decaying due to tidal forces from the anisotropies of Mars. In some 30 million years phobos should either disintegrate from tides and form a ring system, or reach the atmosphere and impact on Mars." ]
Why is it that the same degree from different universities in the same country are valued differently? Shouldn't they all teach the same knowledge?	[ "Because they don't necessarily teach all the same knowledge. Different schools have different standards for the education of their students. While they do need to follow guidelines in order to be considered accredited (and thus be reputable as legitimate) some can and will be better than others." ]	[ "Cars came around in an era where there were significant concerns about \"vertical integration.\" The concern is that an automaker can undercut another retailer that sells their product and drive them out of business. So some states passed laws against them doing just that. Those laws are specifically tied to cars ...
Historians, how do we date ancient events using the modern BC/AD (or BCE/CE, depending on your preference) system?	[ "It's interesting you bring this up. First off, it's not accurate. No debating that part. The reason it's not accurate is because there are only a handful of days that we can actually pin point and say for certain \"Day Month Year.\" For example, Greek history reports of a battle durring an eclipse. Through scienc...	[ "Get a feel for what you are reading. Ask yourself do all their arguments follow? Are they sometimes making leaps of logic? Are they priviliging/relying one group of sources, if they are do they explain why? What perspective is the book written from, how might this affect the focus of the book? Are they making bad/...
Why do my hands always itch after going into a hardware store	[ "You are magnetic and there are lots of ferrous products in there. Quite frankly, I don't know how you made it out of the store without getting stuck on something, to be honest." ]	[ "You should get your blood sugar levels checked. You could be pre-diabetic or hyperglycemic, if you're having that kind of reaction get it checked soon." ]
Is it possible to break stone using only the surface tension of water?	[ "The surface tension isn't what killed Buster. It's the water's resistance to movement that deccelerates the object hitting the water. Surface tension refers to the cohesive forces of water, and its contribution in this scenario is very low." ]	[ "You find your Christmas presents stashed away by your parents. You want to know whats inside, but you can open them and let them know you found them. The first thing you likely do is shake them and listen to how the contents bounce around. Scientist do the exact same thing, except instead of a single human ear the...
Why are Americans called Yanks (by foreigners) in so many movies? Who are the Yanks/Yankees?	[ "There are a lot of competing theories about the etymology, but essentially it was a word that originated early in the history of the country to describe what would become Americans. It's just sort of a slang word, like Brit, Ozzie, or Canuck or anything like that. It's an old enough word by now so it has kind of a...	[ "I'll explain the literal meaning when you're older, but I can explain what it means when you hear it used on reddit. Let's say you think cats are better than dogs. Not everybody thinks this. Imagine that in your classroom, about half the kids liked cats and half liked dogs. There would be lots of arguing if the te...
- How much weight has the earth gained and how does it affect rotation and whatnot?	[ "> With more people being born everyday, trees growing and all the other stuff that increases the weight, The 'stuff' that makes people and trees doesn't just magically appear. It's a reorganization of the stuff that is already present. You're made of water, and carbon, and calcium, and so on. These elements are pr...	[ "Have there been more than normal? I don't know if there's anything out of the ordinary. The media will often take any discovery in cell and molecular biology and apply it to the treatment of cancer, and researchers funding often comes from the treatment of disease. Sites share what sounds interesting, and I might ...
Why does "unplug it and plug it back in" work occassionally when fixing technology?	[ "Doing so reset the electrical state and allow the computer/machine to start \"from a known state\"." ]	[ "Simply put for the same reason drinking water when you're not thirsty isn't as refreshing as when you're REALLY thirsty. Anticipating the bodies' needs doesn't trigger the same reward responses in the brain as fulfilling a need that is already present. Your muscles don't NEED to stretch right now, so you can't ant...
why do feel the need to constantly go to the bathroom when we are anxious?	[ "[biology/psychology] [B] The natural cause is that your body normally needs energy to digest food. To make sure that you are light enough and fit enough to *flee, its reaction is to evacuate. Animals display this even more extremely, sometimes throwing up their half-digested food. [P]* The *anx...	[ "Conditioning. If you have any preference for pinching a loaf at home over busting a duke in public, your preferences will define your tendencies and your tendencies will establish your shit patterns. In other words, at some point you got used to shitting at home. You associated home with shitting, among other thin...
Is there a scientific explanation behind demonic possession?	[ "As I understand it, the genuine ones are currently thought to originate in various mental disorders, from seizures to schizophrenia, or use of psychotropic substances. (As opposed to fake ones, which would consist of people faking the symptoms of those same things.)" ]	[ "_URL_2_ columnist William Saletan waded into this issue several years ago with similar questions to yours. Here's an article posted AFTER his initial article and several followups, all of which can be reached via links within the article. It's an interesting journey with commentary from psychologists, statistician...
Why does the spicy mustard in Chinese restaurants burn the back of my head?	[ "Because it's made to be put on your food, not on the back of your head." ]	[ "It's a loophole. You are officially paying escorts for their time and companionship, the sex part is free with the purchase of companionship. Back when Chicago banned foie gras, there's a restaurant called Hot Doug that has always serves foie gras hot dogs. The owner said he's just selling the hot dog bun, the sa...
Explain how the hubble sends pictures back to earth while far away? Same with the mars rover.	[ "They radio antennas / dishes pointed back at earth. On earth they have very large dishes or even arrays of them that are used to capture and record the signals, as well as send commands to those far away systems." ]	[ "Very careful simulation based on testing data. Engineers have experimentally gathered data about all the different materials used to make the telescope. This data includes failure points given applied loads, vibrational frequencies, etc. They can use this along with a computational model of the sattelite to predic...
How we know what a medicine will do when we create and test it.	[ "Almost all pharmaceuticals are made of organic molecules. These molecules are basically large molecules with a carbon backbone which have groups attached to them. Pharmaceutical chemists look for things we are lacking when we are sick. In your example, a person suffering from schizophrenia is lacking certain chemi...	[ "Often, it's really hard to tell a movie isn't working until you have written it, hired all the actors, shot the movie and get into the editing process. Movie making is so hard, even the greatest movies ever made can feel terrible during production. Look at star wars. You basically make 3 movies every time you mak...
Why do people wake up with morning wood/morning dew?	[ "I did not know the female folk had their own thing, that's pretty rad. I would also like to know why." ]	[ "There are two kinds of hair, vellus hair and terminal hair. Vellus hair is the fine, light \"peach fuzz\" stuff. Terminal hair is what we think of as normal hair. Testosterone causes hair follicles to produce terminal hair instead of vellus hair, and since males have more testosterone on average than females, they...
Why do batteries take so long to charge? Why can't we charge faster by adding more power?	[ "Because they overheat when you do that. My big cordless drill battery takes about twenty minutes from flat, but it has to have a noisy fan drawing air through the pack to manage that. I don't think you'd want a fan on your iPhone! Don't despair - battery technology is improving all the time and charge speed is one...	[ "Simply put for the same reason drinking water when you're not thirsty isn't as refreshing as when you're REALLY thirsty. Anticipating the bodies' needs doesn't trigger the same reward responses in the brain as fulfilling a need that is already present. Your muscles don't NEED to stretch right now, so you can't ant...
Why is the Secret Service investigating the Target credit/debit card security breach?	[ "The Secret Service was initially created to investigate federal financial crimes, most notably counterfeiting. For whatever reason this must fall under their purview." ]	[ "They don't. It's a marketing ~~lie~~ gimmick. I used to work for a company that did a similar thing by mail. New customers were supposed to sign up by a certain time for special rates but as a specific matter of policy we'd give those rates to anyone who mailed back the special offer." ]
What is happening when I feel like I can hear something that looks loud but is actually silent?	[ "What we see can affect what we hear (and vice versa!) as in the [McGurk effect](_URL_0_). Not only are there direct connections between primary auditory (A1) and primary visual (V1) areas, but there is plenty of feedback from higher cortical areas to earlier ones. I'm unaware of studies on implied sounds, but it h...	[ "You could have [tinnitus](_URL_0_). You should see a doctor if you want any further information, since asking for medical advice is not allowed in this forum." ]
Why is there no separatist movements in India?	[ "Well for a start, Pakistan and Bangladesh both used to be part of India, and both separated as the result of separatist movements, so I'd definitely challenge the premise of your question. Furthermore India existed as a unified entity long before the British Empire conquered it." ]	[ "The biggest one you seem to leave out would be the Mormons. The US even essentially declared war and sent troops to Utah when they thought they were trying to break away!" ]
In films how do they make background noises like wind so quiet compared to the actors voices?	[ "This can be accomplished a couple of ways. One is by use of a shotgun mic that records sounds from a narrow direction, thus catching the dialogue clearly without too much background noise. Another method is known as ADR, automatic dialogue replacement, where the actors will go through and record their dialogue ag...	[ "Usually, it's just angle trickery, the mirror is angled to not have the camera in it. Other times, it's removed via CGI. Other times it's very complex with multiple mirrors and identical sets through windows giving the illusion of a reflection." ]

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