Split (2)

train · 87.6k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	title stringlengths 3 59	context stringlengths 151 3.71k	question stringlengths 1 25.7k	answers dict
56d39a6a59d6e414001467f6	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes are all in straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda. The mazurkas often show more folk features than many of his other works, sometimes including modal scales and harmonies and the use of drone basses. However, some also show unusual sophistication, for example Op. 6...	What does Chopin's Op. 63 No. 3 have that is rare?	{ "text": [ "a canon at one beat's distance" ], "answer_start": [ 344 ] }
56cff390234ae51400d9c151	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's polonaises show a marked advance on those of his Polish predecessors in the form (who included his teachers Zywny and Elsner). As with the traditional polonaise, Chopin's works are in triple time and typically display a martial rhythm in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences. Unlike most of their precurs...	What time are Chopin's polonaises written in?	{ "text": [ "triple time" ], "answer_start": [ 193 ] }
56d39abf59d6e414001467fd	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's polonaises show a marked advance on those of his Polish predecessors in the form (who included his teachers Zywny and Elsner). As with the traditional polonaise, Chopin's works are in triple time and typically display a martial rhythm in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences. Unlike most of their precurs...	Chopin's ability to create an advanced polonasises surpassed even two of his teachers, Zywny and who?	{ "text": [ "Elsner" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
56d39abf59d6e414001467fe	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's polonaises show a marked advance on those of his Polish predecessors in the form (who included his teachers Zywny and Elsner). As with the traditional polonaise, Chopin's works are in triple time and typically display a martial rhythm in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences. Unlike most of their precurs...	Chopin's polonaise often have what kind of rhythm in their melodies?	{ "text": [ "martial" ], "answer_start": [ 229 ] }
56d39abf59d6e414001467ff	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's polonaises show a marked advance on those of his Polish predecessors in the form (who included his teachers Zywny and Elsner). As with the traditional polonaise, Chopin's works are in triple time and typically display a martial rhythm in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences. Unlike most of their precurs...	Chopin's polonaises needed what kind of playing technique?	{ "text": [ "formidable" ], "answer_start": [ 345 ] }
56cff3f4234ae51400d9c153	Frédéric_Chopin	The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character.	How many nocturnes did Chopin compose?	{ "text": [ "21" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
56cff3f4234ae51400d9c154	Frédéric_Chopin	The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character.	What is it about the middle of Chopin's nocturnes that increases their drama?	{ "text": [ "agitated expression" ], "answer_start": [ 177 ] }
56d39bdf59d6e41400146807	Frédéric_Chopin	The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character.	Chopin's nocturnes were more structured than who?	{ "text": [ "Field" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }
56d39bdf59d6e41400146808	Frédéric_Chopin	The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character.	What year did Chopin meet Field?	{ "text": [ "1833" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }
56d39bdf59d6e41400146809	Frédéric_Chopin	The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character.	Which type of Chopin's compositons were difficult for perfomers due to their middle sections?	{ "text": [ "nocturnes" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
56cff427234ae51400d9c157	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's études are largely in straightforward ternary form. He used them to teach his own technique of piano playing—for instance playing double thirds (Op. 25, No. 6), playing in octaves (Op. 25, No. 10), and playing repeated notes (Op. 10, No. 7).	What pieces of his did Chopin use to teach his technique?	{ "text": [ "études" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56d39c5359d6e4140014680d	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's études are largely in straightforward ternary form. He used them to teach his own technique of piano playing—for instance playing double thirds (Op. 25, No. 6), playing in octaves (Op. 25, No. 10), and playing repeated notes (Op. 10, No. 7).	What form are most of Chopin's études in?	{ "text": [ "straightforward ternary" ], "answer_start": [ 31 ] }
56d39c5359d6e4140014680e	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's études are largely in straightforward ternary form. He used them to teach his own technique of piano playing—for instance playing double thirds (Op. 25, No. 6), playing in octaves (Op. 25, No. 10), and playing repeated notes (Op. 10, No. 7).	Chopin often taught his piano technique using what form of music he wrote?	{ "text": [ "études" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56cff49a234ae51400d9c161	Frédéric_Chopin	The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as "the beginnings of studies". Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale...	What piece of Bach's did Chopin take inspiration for his preludes?	{ "text": [ "The Well-Tempered Clavier" ], "answer_start": [ 211 ] }
56cff49a234ae51400d9c162	Frédéric_Chopin	The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as "the beginnings of studies". Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale...	Who suggested that Chopin's preludes were not intended to be played as a group?	{ "text": [ "Kenneth Hamilton" ], "answer_start": [ 588 ] }
56d39cea59d6e41400146811	Frédéric_Chopin	The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as "the beginnings of studies". Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale...	What was described as "the beginning of studies" by Schumann?	{ "text": [ "The preludes" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56d39cea59d6e41400146812	Frédéric_Chopin	The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as "the beginnings of studies". Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale...	What inspired Chopin for his preludes?	{ "text": [ "J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier" ], "answer_start": [ 199 ] }
56d39cea59d6e41400146813	Frédéric_Chopin	The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as "the beginnings of studies". Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale...	Kenneth Hamilton suggests that the preludes may not have been meant as a group but rather as what?	{ "text": [ "generic preludes to others of his pieces" ], "answer_start": [ 506 ] }
56d39cea59d6e41400146814	Frédéric_Chopin	The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as "the beginnings of studies". Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale...	Who did a recording where Étude Op. 10 No. 5. follows relude Op. 28 No. 7?	{ "text": [ "Ferruccio Busoni" ], "answer_start": [ 643 ] }
56cff536234ae51400d9c165	Frédéric_Chopin	The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and t...	How many movements are No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58 in?	{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
56cff536234ae51400d9c166	Frédéric_Chopin	The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and t...	What two people claimed that Op 58 was "worthy of Brahms"?	{ "text": [ "Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson" ], "answer_start": [ 693 ] }
56d39ed559d6e41400146825	Frédéric_Chopin	The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and t...	How many movements are in No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58?	{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
56d39ed559d6e41400146826	Frédéric_Chopin	The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and t...	Which movement was found lacking in musicality by Schumann?	{ "text": [ "The last movement" ], "answer_start": [ 349 ] }
56d39ed559d6e41400146827	Frédéric_Chopin	The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and t...	According to music historians, which sonata is similar to German tradition and worthy of Brahms?	{ "text": [ "Op. 58" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
56cff5a8234ae51400d9c173	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's harmonic innovations may have arisen partly from his keyboard improvisation technique. Temperley says that in his works "novel harmonic effects frequently result from the combination of ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment", and cadences are delayed by the use of chords...	Chopin's chord progressions are similar in style to what other composer?	{ "text": [ "Claude Debussy" ], "answer_start": [ 512 ] }
56d39fa059d6e41400146831	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's harmonic innovations may have arisen partly from his keyboard improvisation technique. Temperley says that in his works "novel harmonic effects frequently result from the combination of ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment", and cadences are delayed by the use of chords...	What likely arose due to Chopin's technique with keyboards?	{ "text": [ "harmonic innovations" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56d39fa059d6e41400146832	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's harmonic innovations may have arisen partly from his keyboard improvisation technique. Temperley says that in his works "novel harmonic effects frequently result from the combination of ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment", and cadences are delayed by the use of chords...	Who wrote about Chopin's "novel harmonic effects"?	{ "text": [ "Temperley" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }
56cff635234ae51400d9c184	Frédéric_Chopin	In 1841, Léon Escudier wrote of a recital given by Chopin that year, "One may say that Chopin is the creator of a school of piano and a school of composition. In truth, nothing equals the lightness, the sweetness with which the composer preludes on the piano; moreover nothing may be compared to his works full of origin...	What was Chopin's style based upon?	{ "text": [ "independent finger technique" ], "answer_start": [ 523 ] }
56d3a0d159d6e41400146835	Frédéric_Chopin	In 1841, Léon Escudier wrote of a recital given by Chopin that year, "One may say that Chopin is the creator of a school of piano and a school of composition. In truth, nothing equals the lightness, the sweetness with which the composer preludes on the piano; moreover nothing may be compared to his works full of origin...	Who wrote about a Chopin 1841 recital?	{ "text": [ "Léon Escudier" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56d3a0d159d6e41400146837	Frédéric_Chopin	In 1841, Léon Escudier wrote of a recital given by Chopin that year, "One may say that Chopin is the creator of a school of piano and a school of composition. In truth, nothing equals the lightness, the sweetness with which the composer preludes on the piano; moreover nothing may be compared to his works full of origin...	What writing of Chopin talks about everything about piano playing has to do with proper fingering?	{ "text": [ "his Projet de méthode" ], "answer_start": [ 556 ] }
56cff6f3234ae51400d9c191	Frédéric_Chopin	Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other...	According to J. Barrie Jones who was the only true successor to Chopin?	{ "text": [ "Karol Szymanowski" ], "answer_start": [ 183 ] }
56cff6f3234ae51400d9c192	Frédéric_Chopin	Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other...	Many people were considered influenced by Chopin's what?	{ "text": [ "national modes and idioms" ], "answer_start": [ 392 ] }
56cff6f3234ae51400d9c193	Frédéric_Chopin	Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other...	Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?	{ "text": [ "Nikolai Zverev" ], "answer_start": [ 584 ] }
56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dc8	Frédéric_Chopin	Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other...	Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones?	{ "text": [ "Karol Szymanowski" ], "answer_start": [ 183 ] }
56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dc9	Frédéric_Chopin	Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other...	Who was devoted to the music of Chopin?	{ "text": [ "Alexander Scriabin" ], "answer_start": [ 419 ] }
56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dca	Frédéric_Chopin	Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other...	Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?	{ "text": [ "Nikolai Zverev" ], "answer_start": [ 584 ] }
56cff817234ae51400d9c1a3	Frédéric_Chopin	Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "conce...	Who wrote that the current large concert style conflicts with Chopin's preference of intimate performances?	{ "text": [ "Jonathan Bellman" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56cff817234ae51400d9c1a4	Frédéric_Chopin	Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "conce...	What did Chopin tend to avoid?	{ "text": [ "rigid procedures" ], "answer_start": [ 500 ] }
56cff817234ae51400d9c1a5	Frédéric_Chopin	Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "conce...	What has been falsely credited to Chopin?	{ "text": [ "\"always crescendo to a high note\"" ], "answer_start": [ 566 ] }
56d3a1e959d6e41400146841	Frédéric_Chopin	Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "conce...	What did Chopin tell a student is given up in concerts?	{ "text": [ "hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art" ], "answer_start": [ 378 ] }
56d3a1e959d6e41400146842	Frédéric_Chopin	Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "conce...	Who wrote about Chopin's "chromatic embroidery"?	{ "text": [ "Berlioz" ], "answer_start": [ 699 ] }
56d3a1e959d6e41400146843	Frédéric_Chopin	Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "conce...	Who wrote that Chopin's music, when played by him, became a "colorful wreath of flowers"?	{ "text": [ "Hiller" ], "answer_start": [ 944 ] }
56cff885234ae51400d9c1b3	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that "most of the written-out indicatio...	Chopin's compositions are often played with what?	{ "text": [ "rubato" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
56cff885234ae51400d9c1b4	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that "most of the written-out indicatio...	What does rubato mean?	{ "text": [ "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
56d3a2cd59d6e41400146849	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that "most of the written-out indicatio...	In Chopin's music where strict timing is disregarded, what is it called?	{ "text": [ "rubato" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
56d3a2cd59d6e4140014684a	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that "most of the written-out indicatio...	What type of Chopin's music had the most disregard for strict timing according to Charles Rosen?	{ "text": [ "mazurkas" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
56cff905234ae51400d9c1b7	Frédéric_Chopin	Friederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: "[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing. His most severe criticism was 'He—or she—does not know how to join two notes together.' ...	According to who did Chopin demand strictly sticking with rhythm?	{ "text": [ "Friederike Müller" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56d3a32259d6e4140014684f	Frédéric_Chopin	Friederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: "[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing. His most severe criticism was 'He—or she—does not know how to join two notes together.' ...	Which student said Chopin made sure his students knew his legato, cantabile style of playing?	{ "text": [ "Friederike Müller" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56d3a32259d6e41400146851	Frédéric_Chopin	Friederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: "[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing. His most severe criticism was 'He—or she—does not know how to join two notes together.' ...	According to Friederike Müller, Chopin insisted his students have the strictest adherence to what?	{ "text": [ "rhythm." ], "answer_start": [ 364 ] }
56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1cf	Frédéric_Chopin	With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...	Chopin was noted as introducing music to what?	{ "text": [ "sense of nationalism" ], "answer_start": [ 91 ] }
56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1d0	Frédéric_Chopin	With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...	What year did Schumann review Chopin's piano concertos?	{ "text": [ "1836" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }
56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1d1	Frédéric_Chopin	With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...	In his review Schumann made note of Chopin's emotions for what?	{ "text": [ "Poland" ], "answer_start": [ 224 ] }
56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1d2	Frédéric_Chopin	With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...	Why did Schumann say the Poles were in mourning?	{ "text": [ "the failure of the November 1830" ], "answer_start": [ 293 ] }
56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1d3	Frédéric_Chopin	With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...	A biography on Chopin released under Franz Liszt's name was likely written by who?	{ "text": [ "Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein" ], "answer_start": [ 730 ] }
56d3a3df59d6e4140014685f	Frédéric_Chopin	With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...	Chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what?	{ "text": [ "polonaises" ], "answer_start": [ 22 ] }
56d3a3df59d6e41400146860	Frédéric_Chopin	With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...	Who wrote a glowing review of Chopin's love for his country through his music in 1836?	{ "text": [ "Schumann" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }
56d3a3df59d6e41400146861	Frédéric_Chopin	With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...	Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what?	{ "text": [ "flowers" ], "answer_start": [ 623 ] }
56d3a3df59d6e41400146862	Frédéric_Chopin	With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...	Though Franz Liszt is credited with Chopin's 1863 biography, who probably actually wrote it?	{ "text": [ "Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein" ], "answer_start": [ 730 ] }
56cffb2b234ae51400d9c1e1	Frédéric_Chopin	Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a "nationalist" or "patriotic" composer. George Golos refers to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski sug...	Who said that Chopin's familiarity with Polish music was more "urbanised" than true folk music?	{ "text": [ "Barbara Milewski" ], "answer_start": [ 300 ] }
56cffb2b234ae51400d9c1e2	Frédéric_Chopin	Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a "nationalist" or "patriotic" composer. George Golos refers to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski sug...	George Golos references what two musicians when claiming Chopin's nationalism was overrated?	{ "text": [ "Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel" ], "answer_start": [ 212 ] }
56d3a46a59d6e41400146869	Frédéric_Chopin	Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a "nationalist" or "patriotic" composer. George Golos refers to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski sug...	Who said Chopin's works were modeled after Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field?	{ "text": [ "Richard Taruskin" ], "answer_start": [ 543 ] }
56cffba5234ae51400d9c1f1	Frédéric_Chopin	A reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: "Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the New World ... While some sought solace in [them], others...	William Atwood suggested that Chopin's music wasn't purposely patriotic but what?	{ "text": [ "intuitive" ], "answer_start": [ 443 ] }
56d3a51459d6e41400146877	Frédéric_Chopin	A reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: "Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the New World ... While some sought solace in [them], others...	A modern commentator, William Atwood, feels Poles not only sought solace in Chopin's music but also found them a source of strength as they continued to fight for what?	{ "text": [ "freedom" ], "answer_start": [ 386 ] }
56d3a51459d6e41400146878	Frédéric_Chopin	A reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: "Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the New World ... While some sought solace in [them], others...	Where were Poles scattered to?	{ "text": [ "Europe and the New World" ], "answer_start": [ 249 ] }
56cffc2b234ae51400d9c1ff	Frédéric_Chopin	Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy a...	Arthur Hutchings stated that Chopin's lack of what made him special?	{ "text": [ "Byronic flamboyance" ], "answer_start": [ 716 ] }
56cffc2b234ae51400d9c200	Frédéric_Chopin	Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy a...	Who were two of Chopin's contemporaries?	{ "text": [ "Liszt and Henri Herz" ], "answer_start": [ 838 ] }
56d3a65259d6e41400146888	Frédéric_Chopin	Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy a...	What place was considered lucky for Chopin to have arrived at considering how much he charged for piano lessons?	{ "text": [ "Paris" ], "answer_start": [ 214 ] }
56d3a65259d6e4140014688a	Frédéric_Chopin	Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy a...	Who said Chopin was unlike his romantic contemporaries Liszt and Henri Herz?	{ "text": [ "Arthur Hutchings" ], "answer_start": [ 670 ] }
56cffcf3234ae51400d9c20d	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...	In what suite did Schumann name a work for Chopin?	{ "text": [ "Carnaval" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }
56cffcf3234ae51400d9c20e	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...	What piece of Chopin's work was dedicated to Schumann?	{ "text": [ "Ballade No. 2 in F major" ], "answer_start": [ 179 ] }
56cffcf3234ae51400d9c20f	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...	How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transliterate for piano?	{ "text": [ "six" ], "answer_start": [ 324 ] }
56cffcf3234ae51400d9c210	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...	With who did Chopin feel comfortable speaking of folk music with?	{ "text": [ "Alkan" ], "answer_start": [ 389 ] }
56d3a74159d6e414001468a1	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...	What was recognized about Chopin from his musical peers?	{ "text": [ "qualities as a pianist and composer" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56d3a74159d6e414001468a2	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...	What Schumann suite contained the name of a piece Schumann named for Chopin?	{ "text": [ "Carnaval" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }
56d3a74159d6e414001468a3	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...	What piece did Chopin dedicate to Schumann?	{ "text": [ "Ballade No. 2 in F major" ], "answer_start": [ 179 ] }
56d3a74159d6e414001468a4	Frédéric_Chopin	Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...	What other musician shows to have elements of Chopin in his work?	{ "text": [ "Liszt" ], "answer_start": [ 269 ] }
56cffdaa234ae51400d9c226	Frédéric_Chopin	Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Lo...	Who dedicated his 1915 piano Études to Chopin?	{ "text": [ "Debussy" ], "answer_start": [ 392 ] }
56cffdaa234ae51400d9c227	Frédéric_Chopin	Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Lo...	For what publisher to Debussy edit Chopin's music for?	{ "text": [ "Jacques Durand" ], "answer_start": [ 612 ] }
56d3a85259d6e414001468aa	Frédéric_Chopin	Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Lo...	Who was a student of Chopin's former students and actually recorded some Chopin music?	{ "text": [ "Raoul Koczalski" ], "answer_start": [ 197 ] }
56d3a85259d6e414001468ac	Frédéric_Chopin	Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Lo...	What music did Debussy play a lot at the Paris Conservatoire?	{ "text": [ "Chopin's" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
56cc239e6d243a140015eeb7	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	The exact nature of relations between Tibet and the Ming dynasty of China (1368–1644) is unclear. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. Some Mainland Chinese scholars, such as Wang Jiawei...	Who were Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain?	{ "text": [ "Mainland Chinese scholars" ], "answer_start": [ 274 ] }
56cc27346d243a140015eeba	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the ...	What important trade did the Ming Dynasty have with Tibet?	{ "text": [ "horse trade" ], "answer_start": [ 338 ] }
56cc27346d243a140015eebb	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the ...	During what years did the Mongol leader Kublai Khan rule?	{ "text": [ "1402–1424" ], "answer_start": [ 739 ] }
56cc27346d243a140015eebc	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the ...	Who did the Yongle Emperor try to build a religious alliance with?	{ "text": [ "Deshin Shekpa" ], "answer_start": [ 821 ] }
56cc27346d243a140015eebd	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the ...	Deshin Shekpa was the head of what school?	{ "text": [ "the Karma Kagyu school" ], "answer_start": [ 863 ] }
56cc27346d243a140015eebe	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the ...	The Tibetan leaders had a diplomacy with what neighboring state?	{ "text": [ "Nepal" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }
56cc306b6d243a140015eec5	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initi...	What did the Tibetans use against Ming forays?	{ "text": [ "armed resistance" ], "answer_start": [ 158 ] }
56cc306b6d243a140015eec6	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initi...	Who were the armed protectors for the Gelug Dalai Lama?	{ "text": [ "the Mongols" ], "answer_start": [ 503 ] }
56cc306b6d243a140015eec7	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initi...	Which regime did Güshi Khan help establish?	{ "text": [ "the Ganden Phodrang" ], "answer_start": [ 727 ] }
56cc306b6d243a140015eec8	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initi...	When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance started?	{ "text": [ "1578" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
56cc36926d243a140015eece	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	Tibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders bet...	In what century did the Tibetan Empire fall?	{ "text": [ "the 9th century" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }
56cc36926d243a140015eecf	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	Tibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders bet...	Who signed multiple peace treaties with the Tang?	{ "text": [ "The Yarlung rulers of Tibet" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }
56cc36926d243a140015eed0	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	Tibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders bet...	What did one of the treaties between the Tang and Tibet help fix?	{ "text": [ "the borders between Tibet and China" ], "answer_start": [ 305 ] }
56cc36926d243a140015eed1	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	Tibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders bet...	Who was the Tangs biggest rival?	{ "text": [ "Tibet" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56cc36926d243a140015eed2	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	Tibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders bet...	What year did Tang and Tibet sign a treaty to fix the borders?	{ "text": [ "821" ], "answer_start": [ 290 ] }
56cc3ad16d243a140015eed8	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (96...	When did the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China take place?	{ "text": [ "907–960" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
56cc3ad16d243a140015eed9	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (96...	When did the Song dynasty take place?	{ "text": [ "960–1279" ], "answer_start": [ 318 ] }
56cc3ad16d243a140015eeda	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (96...	What dynasty was concerned with countering northern enemy states?	{ "text": [ "Song dynasty" ], "answer_start": [ 304 ] }
56cc3ad16d243a140015eedb	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (96...	Who ruled the Liao dynasty?	{ "text": [ "the Khitan" ], "answer_start": [ 403 ] }
56cc3ad16d243a140015eedc	Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty	During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (96...	Who ruled the Jin dynasty?	{ "text": [ "Jurchen" ], "answer_start": [ 448 ] }

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