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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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A number of potentially bioactive molecules can be found in nature . In particular , marine organisms are a valuable source of bioactive compounds . The activity of an α-galactosylceramide was first discovered in 1993 via screening of a Japanese marine sponge ( Agelas mauritanius ) . Very rapidly , a synthetic glycolol... | To modulate the natural immune response toward aggressive ( Th1 ) or protective ( Th2 ) profiles remains a difficult challenge , but can also offer great therapeutic opportunities , particularly for the treatment of cancer or auto-immune diseases . It has been demonstrated that a particular type of cells , named invari... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"biochemical",
"activity",
"computational",
"biology",
"physical",
"sciences",
"chemistry",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2014 | Relationships between Th1 or Th2 iNKT Cell Activity and Structures of CD1d-Antigen Complexes: Meta-analysis of CD1d-Glycolipids Dynamics Simulations |
Plant defense responses need to be tightly regulated to prevent auto-immunity , which is detrimental to growth and development . To identify negative regulators of Resistance ( R ) protein-mediated resistance , we screened for mutants with constitutive defense responses in the npr1-1 background . Map-based cloning reve... | The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeats-containing ( NLR ) proteins are structurally conserved immune receptors found in both animals and plants . Correct folding of NLR proteins requires two conserved proteins , SGT1 and HSP90 . We showed that another evolutionarily conserved protein , SRFR1 , interacts... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology/plant-biotic",
"interactions"
] | 2010 | SRFR1 Negatively Regulates Plant NB-LRR Resistance Protein Accumulation to Prevent Autoimmunity |
African green monkeys ( AGM ) and other natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) do not develop an AIDS-like disease following SIV infection . To evaluate differences in the role of SIV-specific adaptive immune responses between natural and nonnatural hosts , we used SIVagmVer90 to infect vervet AGM and ... | Simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) is a naturally occurring infection in a wide range of African nonhuman primates , including African green monkeys ( AGM ) , which generally results in a clinically inapparent infection . In contrast , SIV infection of Asian nonhuman primates such as macaques can result in an AIDS-l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection"
] | 2009 | Inhibition of Adaptive Immune Responses Leads to a Fatal Clinical Outcome in SIV-Infected Pigtailed Macaques but Not Vervet African Green Monkeys |
Quorum sensing is a chemical communication process that bacteria use to coordinate group behaviors . Pseudomonas aeruginosa , an opportunistic pathogen , employs multiple quorum-sensing systems to control behaviors including virulence factor production and biofilm formation . One P . aeruginosa quorum-sensing receptor ... | The human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses a chemical communication process called quorum sensing to orchestrate group behaviors including virulence factor production and biofilm formation . Thus , quorum sensing is essential for P . aeruginosa to be a pathogen . Quorum sensing relies on the production , release , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"biofilms",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"nucleic",
"acid",
"labeling",
"caenorhabditis",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"animal",
"models",
"d... | 2019 | An autoinducer-independent RhlR quorum-sensing receptor enables analysis of RhlR regulation |
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus ( JSRV ) is a unique oncogenic virus with distinctive biological properties . JSRV is the only virus causing a naturally occurring lung cancer ( ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma , OPA ) and possessing a major structural protein that functions as a dominant oncoprotein . Lung cancer is the majo... | The identification of cells that give origin to cancer is critical in order to design effective therapeutic strategies . To this end , the early stages of cancer are the most informative but they are seldom associated with clinical symptoms and therefore pass unnoticed in human patients . Studies on animal tumors are i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"oncology",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"medicine",
"mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"virology",
"viral",
"classification",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"veterinary",
"science",
"retroviruses"
] | 2011 | Lung Adenocarcinoma Originates from Retrovirus Infection of Proliferating Type 2 Pneumocytes during Pulmonary Post-Natal Development or Tissue Repair |
A variety of obstacles including bureaucracy and lack of resources have interfered with timely detection and reporting of dengue cases in many endemic countries . Surveillance efforts have turned to modern data sources , such as Internet search queries , which have been shown to be effective for monitoring influenza-li... | A variety of obstacles , including bureaucracy and lack of resources , delay detection and reporting of dengue and exist in many countries where the disease is a major public health threat . Surveillance efforts have turned to modern data sources such as Internet usage data . People often seek health-related informatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"computer",
"science",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"dengue",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling",
"information",
"te... | 2011 | Using Web Search Query Data to Monitor Dengue Epidemics: A New Model for Neglected Tropical Disease Surveillance |
How social groups and organisms decide between alternative feeding sites or shelters has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically . One key result is the existence of a symmetry-breaking bifurcation at a critical system size , where there is a switch from evenly distributed exploitation of all opt... | Collective decision making is ubiquitous in group-living organisms allowing them to select between several competing resources . It is a self-organized process involving positive feedback mechanisms , whereby the preference for a particular option is reinforced if the option has already been accepted by a part of the g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"collective",
"animal",
"behavior",
"animal",
"behavior",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"zoology",
"mathematical",
"modeling",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"
] | 2014 | Symmetry Restoring Bifurcation in Collective Decision-Making |
Malaria remains one of the greatest burdens to global health , causing nearly 500 , 000 deaths in 2014 . When manifesting in the lungs , severe malaria causes acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ALI/ARDS ) . We have previously shown that a proportion of DBA/2 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei AN... | A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of malaria-associated ALI/ARDS may help in the development of new therapeutic approaches to improve the prognosis of severe cases of malaria . Using the Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infection mouse model of ALI/ARDS , which resembles the human disease in many aspects , this study r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"immune",
"cells",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"plasmodium",
"immunology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"pulmonology",
"parasitology",
"animal",
"... | 2016 | Targeting Neutrophils to Prevent Malaria-Associated Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice |
The highly expressed D7 protein family of mosquito saliva has previously been shown to act as an anti-inflammatory mediator by binding host biogenic amines and cysteinyl leukotrienes ( CysLTs ) . In this study we demonstrate that AnSt-D7L1 , a two-domain member of this group from Anopheles stephensi , retains the CysLT... | When feeding , a female mosquito must inhibit the blood clotting and inflammatory responses of the host . To do this , the insect produces salivary proteins that neutralize key host molecules participating in clotting and inflammation . Here , we describe a salivary protein AnSt-D7L1 that scavenges both thomboxane A2 a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/protein",
"chemistry"
] | 2010 | The Function and Three-Dimensional Structure of a Thromboxane A2/Cysteinyl Leukotriene-Binding Protein from the Saliva of a Mosquito Vector of the Malaria Parasite |
Recent studies have shown that virally encoded mRNA sequences of genome maintenance proteins from herpesviruses contain clusters of unusual structural elements , G-quadruplexes , which modulate viral protein synthesis . Destabilization of these G-quadruplexes can override the inhibitory effect on self-synthesis of thes... | Maintenance proteins of viruses establishing latent infections regulate their synthesis to levels sufficient for maintaining persistent infection but below threshold levels for host immune detection . The Epstein-Barr virus maintenance protein , EBNA1 , has recently been shown to contain unusual G-quadruplex structures... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"immune",
"suppression",
"microbiology",
"tumor",
"immunology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"immunology",
"vaccination",
"and",
"immunization",
"immunomodulation",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection"... | 2014 | mRNA Structural Constraints on EBNA1 Synthesis Impact on In Vivo Antigen Presentation and Early Priming of CD8+ T Cells |
Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis ( ARCI ) is a rare genetic disorder of the skin characterized by abnormal desquamation over the whole body . In this study we report four patients from three consanguineous Tunisian families with skin , eye , heart , and skeletal anomalies , who harbor a homozygous contiguous g... | Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis ( ARCI ) is a heterogeneous group of human keratinization disorders mainly characterized by generalized abnormal scaling of the skin . To date , positional cloning and homozygosity mapping of families with ARCI have identified disease-associated mutations in seven genes: ABCA12... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"function",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"medicine",
"dermatology",
"autosomal",
"recessive",
"clinical",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"cytogenetic",
"analysis",
"heredity",
"gene",
"identification",
"and",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"pediatric",
"dermatology",... | 2013 | Mutations in CERS3 Cause Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis in Humans |
Pestiviruses express their genome as a single polypeptide that is subsequently cleaved into individual proteins by host- and virus-encoded proteases . The pestivirus N-terminal protease ( Npro ) is a cysteine autoprotease that cleaves between its own C-terminus and the N-terminus of the core protein . Due to its unique... | Mammalian cells respond to viral infection by inducing an innate immune response involving interferon-α/β that mediates cellular antiviral defenses . Viruses , in turn , have evolved mechanisms to counter the host's innate immune response by inhibiting the interferon response . Pestiviruses use the virally encoded N-te... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | The Structure of Classical Swine Fever Virus Npro: A Novel Cysteine Autoprotease and Zinc-Binding Protein Involved in Subversion of Type I Interferon Induction |
Partial mosquito-proofing of houses with screens and ceilings has the potential to reduce indoor densities of malaria mosquitoes . We wish to measure whether it will also reduce indoor densities of vectors of neglected tropical diseases . The main house entry points preferred by anopheline and culicine vectors were det... | Mosquito vectors that transmit filariasis and several arboviruses such as Rift Valley Fever , Chikungunya and O'Nyong nyong as well as malaria co-occur across tropical Africa . These diseases are co-endemic in most rural African countries where they are transmitted by the same mosquito vectors . The only control measur... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Screening Mosquito House Entry Points as a Potential Method for Integrated Control of Endophagic Filariasis, Arbovirus and Malaria Vectors |
Periodontitis is a common human chronic inflammatory disease that results in the destruction of the tooth attachment apparatus and tooth loss . Although infections with periopathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P . gingivalis ) and Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F . nucleatum ) are essential for inducing p... | Periodontal disease is a common bacterial-induced inflammatory process in which F . nucleatum and P . gingivalis infections lead to the destruction of the teeth supporting attachment apparatus . Previous reports demonstrated that immune cells aggravate the severity of the disease . However , whether NK cells in general... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"oral",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Direct Recognition of Fusobacterium nucleatum by the NK Cell Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor NKp46 Aggravates Periodontal Disease |
In this study , we found that a subpopulation of CD4+CD25+ ( 85% Foxp3+ ) cells from persons with latent tuberculosis infection ( LTBI ) inhibits growth of M . tuberculosis ( M . tb ) in human monocyte-derived macrophages ( MDMs ) . A soluble factor , Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor ( D4GDI ) , produced by apoptotic CD4... | Most people who are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tb ) have latent tuberculosis infection ( LTBI ) with protective immunity . Patients with active tuberculosis have severe disease and ineffective immunity . Understanding how LTBI individuals control infection without developing disease provides importa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Rho GDP Dissociation Inhibitor Produced by Apoptotic T-Cells Inhibits Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
The dimensionality of a network’s collective activity is of increasing interest in neuroscience . This is because dimensionality provides a compact measure of how coordinated network-wide activity is , in terms of the number of modes ( or degrees of freedom ) that it can independently explore . A low number of modes su... | New recording technologies are producing an amazing explosion of data on neural activity . These data reveal the simultaneous activity of hundreds or even thousands of neurons . In principle , the activity of these neurons could explore a vast space of possible patterns . This is what is meant by high-dimensional activ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"membrane",
"potential",
"random",
"variables",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"covariance",
"mathematics",
"scale-free",
"networks",
"network",
"analysis",
"computer",
"and",
"in... | 2019 | Dimensionality in recurrent spiking networks: Global trends in activity and local origins in connectivity |
Transcriptome-wide time series expression profiling is used to characterize the cellular response to environmental perturbations . The first step to analyzing transcriptional response data is often to cluster genes with similar responses . Here , we present a nonparametric model-based method , Dirichlet process Gaussia... | Transcriptome-wide measurement of gene expression dynamics can reveal regulatory mechanisms that control how cells respond to changes in the environment . Such measurements may identify hundreds to thousands of responsive genes . Clustering genes with similar dynamics reveals a smaller set of response types that can th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"random",
"variables",
"covariance",
"dna",
"transcription",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"histone",
"modification",
"probability",
"distribution",
"mathematics",
"epigenetics",
"... | 2018 | Clustering gene expression time series data using an infinite Gaussian process mixture model |
Elevated blood CXCL10/IP-10 levels during primary HIV-1 infection ( PHI ) were described as an independent marker of rapid disease onset , more robust than peak viremia or CD4 cell nadir . IP-10 enhances the recruitment of CXCR3+ cells , which include major HIV-target cells , raising the question if it promotes the est... | Chronic immune activation is a hallmark of HIV infection and contributes in multiple ways to HIV persistence . Here , we gained insights on the association between a pro-inflammatory chemokine , CXCL10/IP-10 and HIV infection in four cohorts of HIV+ individuals , studied at distinct stages of infection ( before , prima... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"small",
"intestine",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"retroviruses",
"primates"... | 2016 | Elevated Basal Pre-infection CXCL10 in Plasma and in the Small Intestine after Infection Are Associated with More Rapid HIV/SIV Disease Onset |
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( CETP ) mediates the reciprocal transfer of neutral lipids ( cholesteryl esters , triglycerides ) and phospholipids between different lipoprotein fractions in human blood plasma . A novel molecular agent known as anacetrapib has been shown to inhibit CETP activity and thereby raise h... | Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western societies . One of the most encouraging treatment methods to prevent the generation and progression of cardiovascular disease is the elevation of high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) levels in circulation , as high HDL levels have been found to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"biochemistry",
"cardiovascular",
"pharmacology",
"cardiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"biophysical",
"simulations"
] | 2014 | How Anacetrapib Inhibits the Activity of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein? Perspective through Atomistic Simulations |
Cellular immune responses require the generation and recruitment of diverse blood cell types that recognize and kill pathogens . In Drosophila melanogaster larvae , immune-inducible lamellocytes participate in recognizing and killing parasitoid wasp eggs . However , the sequence of events required for lamellocyte gener... | Hematopoiesis is regulated by a conserved set of signaling pathways in flies and men . While the implication of multiplex flow cytometry has led to the discovery of a plethora of new human blood cell types , it has not routinely been used to study fly hematopoiesis . We present here the application of flow cytometry wi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"body",
"fluids",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biol... | 2016 | Transdifferentiation and Proliferation in Two Distinct Hemocyte Lineages in Drosophila melanogaster Larvae after Wasp Infection |
The human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax infects red blood cells through a key pathway that requires interaction between Duffy binding protein II ( DBPII ) and its receptor on reticulocytes , the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines ( DARC ) . A high proportion of P . vivax-exposed individuals fail to develop antib... | Vaccines are a crucial component of the current efforts to eliminate malaria , and much of the vaccine-related research on P . vivax has been focused on the Duffy binding protein II ( DBPII ) , a ligand for human blood stage infection . A high proportion of individuals who are naturally exposed to P . vivax fail to dev... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"plasmodium",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"population",
"genetics",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"apicomp... | 2016 | The Presence, Persistence and Functional Properties of Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein II Antibodies Are Influenced by HLA Class II Allelic Variants |
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection affecting ∼12 million people worldwide , mostly in developing countries . Treatment options are limited and no effective vaccines exist to date . Natural Killer T ( NKT ) cells are a conserved innate-like lymphocyte population with immunomodulating effects in various settings . A ... | Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease affecting about 12 million people worldwide . It is transmitted by a sand fly and primarily affects people in developing countries . To date there are no effective vaccines . Many of the treatments available have serious side effects and resistance mechanisms are becoming an increas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immune",
"activation",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"lymphoid",
"organs",
"parasitic",
"protozoans"... | 2014 | Immune Modulating Effects of NKT Cells in a Physiologically Low Dose Leishmania major Infection Model after αGalCer Analog PBS57 Stimulation |
The pattern recognition receptor RIG-I is critical for Type-I interferon production . However , the global regulation of RIG-I signaling is only partially understood . Using a human genome-wide RNAi-screen , we identified 226 novel regulatory proteins of RIG-I mediated interferon-β production . Furthermore , the screen... | The innate immune system is critical for viral infection control by host organisms . The type I interferons are a family of major antiviral cytokines produced upon the activation of innate immune pattern recognition receptors ( PRRs ) by viruses . The RIG-I is a major PRR that uniquely detects RNA viruses within the cy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunity",
"innate",
"immunity",
"immunology",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2014 | Human Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Identifies an Essential Role for Inositol Pyrophosphates in Type-I Interferon Response |
In human cells , DNA double-strand breaks are repaired primarily by the non-homologous end joining ( NHEJ ) pathway . Given their critical nature , we expected NHEJ proteins to be evolutionarily conserved , with relatively little sequence change over time . Here , we report that while critical domains of these proteins... | Because all cells experience DNA damage , they must also have mechanisms for repairing DNA . When the proteins that repair DNA malfunction , mutation and disease often result . Based on their fundamental importance , DNA repair proteins would be expected to be well preserved over evolutionary time in order to ensure op... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"molecular",
"biology/molecular",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"repair",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | Ancient and Recent Adaptive Evolution of Primate Non-Homologous End Joining Genes |
The survival motor neuron ( SMN ) protein , the determining factor for spinal muscular atrophy ( SMA ) , is complexed with a group of proteins in human cells . Gemin3 is the only RNA helicase in the SMN complex . Here , we report the identification of Drosophila melanogaster Gemin3 and investigate its function in vivo ... | The childhood disease spinal muscular atrophy ( SMA ) has a drastic impact on motor neurons and muscles . The cause has been linked to a deficiency in the survival motor neuron ( SMN ) protein . SMN interacts with various proteins termed Gemins to form the SMN complex , among which Gemin3 is the only one with an RNA un... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"cell",
"biology",
"physiology/muscle",
"and",
"connective",
"tissue",
"physiology/motor",
"systems",
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"and",
"glial",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"gen... | 2008 | A Motor Function for the DEAD-Box RNA Helicase, Gemin3, in Drosophila |
Patterning the neuroectoderm along the anterior–posterior ( AP ) axis is a critical event in the early development of deuterostome embryos . However , the mechanisms that regulate the specification and patterning of the neuroectoderm are incompletely understood . Remarkably , the anterior neuroectoderm ( ANE ) of the d... | The initial regulatory state of most cells in many deuterostome embryos , including those of vertebrates and sea urchins , supports anterior neural fate specification . It is important to restrict this neurogenic potential to the anterior end of the embryo during early embryogenesis , but the molecular mechanisms by wh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience",
"c-jun",
"n-terminal",
"kinase",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"evolutionary",
"developmental",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"development",
"signaling",
"pathways",
"pattern",
"formation",
"protein",
"kinase",
"s... | 2013 | Integration of Canonical and Noncanonical Wnt Signaling Pathways Patterns the Neuroectoderm Along the Anterior–Posterior Axis of Sea Urchin Embryos |
Innate immune response against Brucella abortus involves activation of Toll-like receptors ( TLRs ) and NOD-like receptors ( NLRs ) . Among the NLRs involved in the recognition of B . abortus are NLRP3 and AIM2 . Here , we demonstrate that B . abortus triggers non-canonical inflammasome activation dependent on caspase-... | Brucella abortus is the causative agent of brucellosis , a zoonotic disease that affects both humans and cattle . In humans , it is characterized by undulant fever and chronic symptoms as arthritis , endocarditis , and meningitis , while in cattle it causes abortion and infertility . Due to its difficult diagnosis and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
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"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cytokines",
"spleen",
"pathogens",
"gene",
"regulation",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"p... | 2018 | Guanylate-binding protein 5 licenses caspase-11 for Gasdermin-D mediated host resistance to Brucella abortus infection |
Defensins are effectors of the innate immune response with potent antibacterial activity . Their role in antiviral immunity , particularly for non-enveloped viruses , is poorly understood . We recently found that human alpha-defensins inhibit human adenovirus ( HAdV ) by preventing virus uncoating and release of the en... | Defensins are effectors of the innate immune response with antibacterial and antiviral activity . A major bactericidal mechanism of defensins is membrane disruption; however , their mechanism against non-enveloped viruses , such as human adenovirus , is poorly understood . This work shows that sensitivity of human aden... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biophysics/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines",
"biophysics/experimental",
"biophysical",
"methods",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"virology/host",
"antiviral",
"responses",
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"and",
"cell",
"entry"
] | 2010 | Insight into the Mechanisms of Adenovirus Capsid Disassembly from Studies of Defensin Neutralization |
Cryptococcosis is a neglected and predominantly opportunistic mycosis that , in Brazil , poses an important public health problem , due to its late diagnosis and high lethality . The present study analysed cryptococcosis mortality in Brazil from January 2000 to December 2012 , based on secondary data ( Mortality Inform... | Cryptococcosis is an invasive , global , and neglected mycosis . Species of the Cryptococcus neoformans complex cause opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed hosts , particularly AIDS patients , while infections by species of the C . gattii complex predominate as a primary endemic mycosis in tropical and subtropic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"cryptococcosis",
"death",
"rates",
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
"opportunistic",
"infections",
"fungal",
"diseases",
"population",
"biology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"t... | 2019 | Mortality by cryptococcosis in Brazil from 2000 to 2012: A descriptive epidemiological study |
Epithelial morphogenesis involves a dramatic reorganisation of the microtubule cytoskeleton . How this complex process is controlled at the molecular level is still largely unknown . Here , we report that the centrosomal microtubule ( MT ) -binding protein CAP350 localises at adherens junctions in epithelial cells . By... | Epithelia cover all the surfaces of and the cavities throughout the body and serve as barriers between the organism and its external environment . Epithelial differentiation requires the coordination in space and time of several mechanisms that ultimately lead to the acquisition of distinctive epithelial features , inc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Alpha-catenin-Dependent Recruitment of the Centrosomal Protein CAP350 to Adherens Junctions Allows Epithelial Cells to Acquire a Columnar Shape |
Carbon Catabolite repression ( CCR ) allows a fast adaptation of Bacteria to changing nutrient supplies . The Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( PAO1 ) catabolite repression control protein ( Crc ) was deemed to act as a translational regulator , repressing functions involved in uptake and utilization of carbon sources . However... | Carbon assimilation in Bacteria is governed by a mechanism known as carbon catabolite repression ( CCR ) . In contrast to several other bacterial clades CCR in Pseudomonas species appears to be primarily regulated at the post-transcriptional level . In this study , we have identified the RNA chaperone Hfq as the princi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"gram",
"negative",
"bacteria",
"biochemistry",
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"bacterial",
"physiology",
"microbial",
"metabolism",
"microbial",
"physiology",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"science... | 2014 | Regulation of Hfq by the RNA CrcZ in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Carbon Catabolite Repression |
Though Nepal declared leprosy elimination in 2010 , its burden is constantly rising in Terai communities for the past 2 years with 3000 new leprosy cases being diagnosed annually . Community’s perception is important for prevention and control of leprosy and enhancing quality of life of leprosy patients . Poor knowledg... | Though Nepal declared leprosy to be no more a public health problem in 2010 , its burden is constantly rising in Terai communities for the past 2 years with 3000 new leprosy cases being identified annually . With the fact that community’s knowledge and perception is important for prevention and control of leprosy this ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"anthropology",
"ethnicities",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"neglected",
... | 2019 | Community knowledge, attitude, and perceived stigma of leprosy amongst community members living in Dhanusha and Parsa districts of Southern Central Nepal |
N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid ( NMDA ) receptors are widely expressed in the brain and are critical for many forms of synaptic plasticity . Subtypes of the NMDA receptor NR2 subunit are differentially expressed during development; in the forebrain , the NR2B receptor is dominant early in development , and later both NR2A an... | Information processing in the brain is carried out by networks of neurons connected by synapses . Synapses can change strength , allowing these networks to adapt and learn , in a process known as synaptic plasticity . At a synapse , an electrical signal in one neuron is converted into a chemical signal , carried by a n... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"signaling",
"mechanisms",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | The Effects of NR2 Subunit-Dependent NMDA Receptor Kinetics on Synaptic Transmission and CaMKII Activation |
Calcium-dependent protein kinases ( CDPKs ) are conserved in plants and apicomplexan parasites . In Toxoplasma gondii , TgCDPK3 regulates parasite egress from the host cell in the presence of a calcium-ionophore . The targets and the pathways that the kinase controls , however , are not known . To identify pathways reg... | Calcium-dependent protein kinases are plant-like enzymes of apicomplexan parasites that regulate a variety of biological processes including stage-conversion , post-translational repression and egress from the host cell . In this study , we analyzed Toxoplasma CDPK3 , which has recently been shown to regulate rapid egr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"signal",
"transduction",
"cell",
"biology",
"calcium-mediated",
"signal",
"transduction",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"proteomics",
"cell",
"signaling",
"parasitology"
] | 2014 | The Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 3 of Toxoplasma Influences Basal Calcium Levels and Functions beyond Egress as Revealed by Quantitative Phosphoproteome Analysis |
Sequence variation can affect the physiological state of the immune system . Major experimental efforts targeted at understanding the genetic control of the abundance of immune cell subpopulations . However , these studies are typically focused on a limited number of immune cell types , mainly due to the use of relativ... | Quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) studies have identified a plethora of genetic variants that lead to inter-individual variation in the abundance of immune cell subpopulations , both in normal and disease states . Cell sorting is an effective method of monitoring immune cell type quantities; however , owing to the large... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"langerhans",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"immunology",
"marker",
"genes",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"dendritic",
"cel... | 2016 | Exploiting Gene-Expression Deconvolution to Probe the Genetics of the Immune System |
The mechanism by which homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis , as a prelude to recombination , has long been mysterious . At meiosis , the telomeres in many organisms attach to the nuclear envelope and move together to form the telomere bouquet , perhaps to facilitate the homologous search . It is believed that di... | The appearance of sexual reproduction over a billion years ago led to a revolution in how organisms pass on genetic material to their offspring . In sexually reproducing organisms parental diploid cells , containing two nearly identical copies of each chromosome ( homologues ) , produce gametes containing only one copy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"plant",
"biology",
"telomeres",
"cereals",
"crops",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"biology",
"wheat",
"agriculture",
"cell",
"biology",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"triticale",
"computa... | 2012 | Quantitative Dynamics of Telomere Bouquet Formation |
Accumulating evidences have assigned a central role to parasite-derived proteins in immunomodulation . Here , we report on the proteomic identification and characterization of immunomodulatory excretory-secretory ( ES ) products from the metacestode larva ( tetrathyridium ) of the tapeworm Mesocestoides corti ( syn . M... | The metacestode larval stages of life-threatening tapeworms grow within the organs of its mammalian hosts , thus causing severe and long-lasting morbidity . Immunosuppression , which mainly depends on factors that are released or leaking from the parasite , plays an important role in both survival and proliferation of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cestodes",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"helminths",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"gen... | 2016 | Proteomic Analysis of Excretory-Secretory Products of Mesocestoides corti Metacestodes Reveals Potential Suppressors of Dendritic Cell Functions |
How interactions between neurons relate to tuned neural responses is a longstanding question in systems neuroscience . Here we use statistical modeling and simultaneous multi-electrode recordings to explore the relationship between these interactions and tuning curves in six different brain areas . We find that , in mo... | The number of simultaneous neurons that electrophysiologists can record is growing rapidly , and a central goal of computational neuroscience is to develop statistical methods that can make sense of this growing data . Here we present a unified statistical analysis of 10 different datasets recorded from several differe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"circuit",
"models",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"coding",
"mechanisms"
] | 2012 | Functional Connectivity and Tuning Curves in Populations of Simultaneously Recorded Neurons |
Animal locomotion is mediated by a sensory system referred to as proprioception . Defects in the proprioceptive coordination of locomotion result in uncontrolled and inefficient movements . However , the molecular mechanisms underlying proprioception are not fully understood . Here , we identify two transient receptor ... | Proprioception provides the nervous system with feedback about body posture in animals and is essential for the generation of coherent locomotive behaviors , such as walking , running , or crawling . However , little is known about the identity of proprioceptive receptors that sense body movement to regulate locomotion... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"caenorhabditis",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"animals",
"muscle",
"contraction",
"motor",
"neurons",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"i... | 2018 | A sensory-motor neuron type mediates proprioceptive coordination of steering in C. elegans via two TRPC channels |
Invasive candidiasis , mainly caused by Candida albicans , is a serious healthcare problem with high mortality rates , particularly in immunocompromised patients . Innate immune cells express pathogen recognition receptors ( PRRs ) including C-type lectin-like receptors ( CLRs ) that bind C . albicans to initiate an im... | Fungal infections including invasive candidiasis are a serious healthcare problem particularly for immunocompromised patients . Mortality rates for invasive candidiasis are very high and complex anti-fungal immune responses are poorly understood , hindering the development of novel immunotherapies . Dectin-1 , Dectin-2... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"bone",
"marrow",
"cells",
"fungi",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"experimental",
... | 2019 | The protective effect of inflammatory monocytes during systemic C. albicans infection is dependent on collaboration between C-type lectin-like receptors |
Organisms like Dictyostelium discoideum , often referred to as DNA damage “extremophiles” , can survive exposure to extremely high doses of radiation and DNA crosslinking agents . These agents form highly toxic DNA crosslinks that cause extensive DNA damage . However , little is known about how Dictyostelium and the ot... | Organisms are constantly exposed to environmental and endogenous molecules that chemically modify the DNA in their genomes . A particularly pernicious chemical modification is when the two strands of DNA are crosslinked . These crosslinks must be removed so that genomes can be copied , and the damage caused by their pe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"biochemistry/replication",
"and",
"repair"
] | 2009 | Xpf and Not the Fanconi Anaemia Proteins or Rev3 Accounts for the Extreme Resistance to Cisplatin in Dictyostelium discoideum |
Renal tumor heterogeneity studies have utilized the von Hippel-Lindau VHL gene to classify disease into molecularly defined subtypes to examine associations with etiologic risk factors and prognosis . The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of VHL inactivation in clear cell renal tumors ( ccRCC ) ... | In a large case-series of 470 sporadic clear cell renal cancer ( ccRCC ) cases , we examined von Hippel-Lindau ( VHL ) inactivation as a biomarker of tumor heterogeneity . Germline alterations of the VHL gene were identified and have been found in most families with VHL disease , a hereditary syndrome associated with c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"urology",
"renal",
"cell",
"carcinoma",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"genitourinary",
"tract",
"tumors",
"renal",
"cancer",
"toxicology",
"oncology",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
... | 2011 | Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) Inactivation in Sporadic Clear Cell Renal Cancer: Associations with Germline VHL Polymorphisms and Etiologic Risk Factors |
Animal African trypanosomosis ( AAT ) is a neglected tropical disease which imposes a heavy burden on the livestock industry in Sub-Saharan Africa . Its causative agents are Trypanosoma parasites , with T . congolense and T . vivax being responsible for the majority of the cases . Recently , we identified a Nanobody ( ... | Sub-Saharan Africa is plagued by many diseases , which impede its socio-economical development . One of these diseases , Animal African Trypanosomosis , affects livestock and is caused by the parasites of the Trypanosoma genus ( T . vivax and T . congolense ) . Animal African Trypanosomosis leads to considerable econom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"crystal",
"structure",
"trypanosoma",
"congolense",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"crystals",
"protozoans",
"materials",
"science",
"crystallog... | 2017 | Structural basis for the high specificity of a Trypanosoma congolense immunoassay targeting glycosomal aldolase |
Even for simple perceptual decisions , the mechanisms that the brain employs are still under debate . Although current consensus states that the brain accumulates evidence extracted from noisy sensory information , open questions remain about how this simple model relates to other perceptual phenomena such as flexibili... | How do we decide whether a traffic light signals stop or go ? Perceptual decision making research investigates how the brain can make these simple but fundamentally important decisions . Current consensus states that the brain solves this task simply by accumulating sensory information over time to make a decision once... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Bayesian Attractor Model for Perceptual Decision Making |
The role of biofilms in the pathogenesis of mycobacterial diseases remains largely unknown . Mycobacterium ulcerans , the etiological agent of Buruli ulcer , a disfiguring disease in humans , adopts a biofilm-like structure in vitro and in vivo , displaying an abundant extracellular matrix ( ECM ) that harbors vesicles... | Mycobacterium ulcerans is the etiologic agent of Buruli ulcer , a necrotic skin disease affecting humans living close to wetlands in tropical countries . This mycobacteria resides in water where it could colonize many ecological niches such as aquatic plants , herbivorous animals , and water bugs . The latter were show... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiology",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | Impact of Mycobacterium ulcerans Biofilm on Transmissibility to Ecological Niches and Buruli Ulcer Pathogenesis |
In the roadmap on the neglected tropical diseases ( NTD ) the World Health Organization ( WHO ) aims at attaining at least 75% coverage of preventive chemotherapy in pre-school and school-age children by 2020 . A randomized controlled trial was used to compare the effectiveness of praziquantel in treating Schistosoma h... | Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease ( NTD ) with praziquantel the only effective drug available . It is estimated that about 800 million people are currently at risk for this disease with more than 200 million people infected . A large drug donation partnership between Merck , Darmstadt , Germany and the Wo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2019 | Efficacy of China-made praziquantel for treatment of Schistosomiasis haematobium in Africa: A randomized controlled trial |
In schizophrenia , increased aberrant salience to irrelevant events and reduced learning of relevant information may relate to an underlying deficit in relevance detection . So far , subjective estimates of relevance have not been probed in schizophrenia patients . The mechanisms underlying belief formation about relev... | Schizophrenia patients display deficits in the appropriate attribution of meaningfulness to stimuli; such as aberrantly increased processing of irrelevant and insufficient processing of relevant information . We aimed to investigate the subjective nature of relevance detection and its deficit in schizophrenia and devel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"neural",
"networks",
"reaction",
"time",
"nucleus",
"accumbens",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
... | 2018 | Modeling subjective relevance in schizophrenia and its relation to aberrant salience |
In the skin and gill epidermis of fish , ionocytes develop alongside keratinocytes and maintain body fluid ionic homeostasis that is essential for adaptation to environmental fluctuations . It is known that ionocyte progenitors in zebrafish embryos are specified from p63+ epidermal stem cells through a patterning proce... | The skin epidermis of terrestrial vertebrates is composed of a stratified epithelium , and requires krüppel-like factor 4 ( KLF4 ) to establish a functional permeability barrier that protects animals from dehydration . In contrast , fish must tolerate variations in salinity and pH of the aquatic environment . As such ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"fish",
"keratinocytes",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"cloning",
"animals",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"organisms",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"vector",
"cloning",
"model",
"organisms",... | 2019 | Zebrafish Klf4 maintains the ionocyte progenitor population by regulating epidermal stem cell proliferation and lateral inhibition |
Candida albicans , a human fungal pathogen , undergoes morphogenetic changes that are associated with virulence . We report here that GAL102 in C . albicans encodes a homolog of dTDP-glucose 4 , 6-dehydratase , an enzyme that affects cell wall properties as well as virulence of many pathogenic bacteria . We found that ... | Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen which infects individuals with debilitated immune system either due to old age , diseases such as AIDS or immune suppressive treatments . The cell wall of C . albicans , like most pathogens , mediates interaction of the pathogen with the host and determines the outco... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"fungal",
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry",
"pathogenesis",
"mycology",
"enzymes",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"fungal",
"structure",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2011 | UDP-glucose 4, 6-dehydratase Activity Plays an Important Role in Maintaining Cell Wall Integrity and Virulence of Candida albicans |
Drosophila embryos are well studied developmental microcosms that have been used extensively as models for early development and more recently wound repair . Here we extend this work by looking at embryos as model systems for following bacterial infection in real time . We examine the behaviour of injected pathogenic (... | The humble fruit fly has formed an important model for the study of bacterial infection both by insect specific and mammalian pathogens . However , many studies of bacterial infection rely upon death of the insect host , or actin cytoskeleton staining of specific host cells , at fixed end-points to look at infection or... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"cell",
"biology/cytoskeleton"
] | 2009 | Drosophila Embryos as Model Systems for Monitoring Bacterial Infection in Real Time |
Eukaryotic cells respond to environmental stimuli when cell surface receptors are bound by environmental ligands . The binding initiates a signal transduction cascade that results in the appropriate intracellular responses . Studies have shown that endocytosis is critical for receptor internalization and signaling acti... | During the interaction between the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and the host , the pathogen employs a series of receptors and sensors at the plasma membrane to recognize host surface cues and to activate signal transduction pathways required for appressorium formation and pathogenicity . We found that MoEnd3-me... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"processes",
"fungal",
"structure",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"physiological",
"processes",
"fungi",
"plant",
"science",
"rice",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"appressoria",
"plant",
"pathology",
... | 2017 | MoEnd3 regulates appressorium formation and virulence through mediating endocytosis in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae |
Cholera is a diarrheal disease causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide . This study aimed to establish an adult mouse model of Vibrio cholerae-induced diarrhea and to characterize its pathophysiology . Ligated ileal loops of adult mice were inoculated for 6 , 9 , 12 and 18 h with a classical O1 hypertoxig... | Cholera is a diarrheal disease causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide . Vibrio cholerae , the causative agent of cholera , colonizes the intestine and induces massive intestinal fluid secretion through actions of its enterotoxins , especially cholera toxin . We have developed a ligated ileal loop model o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | An Adult Mouse Model of Vibrio cholerae-induced Diarrhea for Studying Pathogenesis and Potential Therapy of Cholera |
Infectious diseases have been paramount among the threats to health and survival throughout human evolutionary history . Natural selection is therefore expected to act strongly on host defense genes , particularly on innate immunity genes whose products mediate the direct interaction between the host and the microbial ... | The detrimental effects of microbial infections have led to the evolution of a variety of host defense mechanisms . A vast array of host innate immunity receptors , critical sensors of viruses , bacteria , and fungi , exist to achieve permanent surveillance of intruding pathogens . The best characterized class of micro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system"
] | 2009 | Evolutionary Dynamics of Human Toll-Like Receptors and Their Different Contributions to Host Defense |
The immune system depends on effector pathways to eliminate invading pathogens from the host in vivo . Macrophages ( MΦ ) of the innate immune system are armed with vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial responses to kill intracellular microbes . However , how the physiological levels of vitamin D during MΦ differentiation ... | A key function of MΦ is to recognize , phagocytose and mount an antimicrobial response against microbial pathogens to defend the host . In humans , monocytes are recruited to the site of infection and differentiate into MΦ upon the onset of microbial infection . The MΦ phenotype and function are determined by the cytok... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"immunology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"bacteria",
"research",
"a... | 2018 | Vitamin D status contributes to the antimicrobial activity of macrophages against Mycobacterium leprae |
The intensity categories , or thresholds , currently used for Trichuris trichiura ( ie . epg intensities of 1–999 ( light ) ; 1 , 000–9 , 999 epg ( moderate ) , and ≥10 , 000 epg ( heavy ) ) were developed in the 1980s , when there were little epidemiological data available on dose-response relationships . This study w... | Infection by the soil-transmitted helminth Trichuris trichiura is defined as ‘light’ , ‘moderate’ and ‘heavy’ depending on its intensity . However , these intensity categories were developed in the 1980s , before any epidemiological data were available on the association between specific T . trichiura infection intensi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"women's",
"health",
"epidemiology",
"global",
"health"
] | 2012 | Re-Visiting Trichuris trichiura Intensity Thresholds Based on Anemia during Pregnancy |
BCCIP is a BRCA2- and CDKN1A ( p21 ) -interacting protein that has been implicated in the maintenance of genomic integrity . To understand the in vivo functions of BCCIP , we generated a conditional BCCIP knockdown transgenic mouse model using Cre-LoxP mediated RNA interference . The BCCIP knockdown embryos displayed i... | BCCIP is a BRCA2- and p21-interacting protein . Studies with cell culture systems have suggested an essential role of BCCIP gene in homologous recombination and suppression of replication stress and have suggested that BCCIP defects causes mitotic errors . However , the in vivo function ( s ) of BCCIP and the mechanist... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Essential Roles of BCCIP in Mouse Embryonic Development and Structural Stability of Chromosomes |
Myotubularin is a lipid phosphatase implicated in endosomal trafficking in vitro , but with an unknown function in vivo . Mutations in myotubularin cause myotubular myopathy , a devastating congenital myopathy with unclear pathogenesis and no current therapies . Myotubular myopathy was the first described of a growing ... | Congenital myopathies are inherited muscle conditions typically presenting in early childhood . They are individually rare , but as a group are likely as common as conditions such as muscular dystrophy . The zebrafish is an emerging experimental system for the study of myopathies . We have utilized the zebrafish to dev... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neurological",
"disorders/neuromuscular",
"diseases",
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"neurological",
"disorders/neurogenetics",
"developmental",
"biology/organogenesis"
] | 2009 | Loss of Myotubularin Function Results in T-Tubule Disorganization in Zebrafish and Human Myotubular Myopathy |
Pink1 is a mitochondrial kinase involved in Parkinson's disease , and loss of Pink1 function affects mitochondrial morphology via a pathway involving Parkin and components of the mitochondrial remodeling machinery . Pink1 loss also affects the enzymatic activity of isolated Complex I of the electron transport chain ( E... | Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder , and mutations in several genes are known to cause the disorder . A common theme among several PD–associated genes is a link to mitochondria , organelles that use their electron transport chain to generate ATP . One of the PD–associated genes e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | The Yeast Complex I Equivalent NADH Dehydrogenase Rescues pink1 Mutants |
Eumycetoma is a traumatic fungal infection in tropical and subtropical areas that may lead to severe disability . Madurella mycetomatis is one of the prevalent etiologic agents in arid Northeastern Africa . The source of infection has not been clarified . Subcutaneous inoculation from plant thorns has been hypothesized... | Eumycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis is a common subcutaneous , mutilating fungal infection endemic in arid climate zones . Still there are many controversies on the route of infection , but traumatic inoculation of the subcutaneous tissue with the thorn or soil causative organism through minor skin trauma is a p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine"
] | 2013 | Phylogenetic Findings Suggest Possible New Habitat and Routes of Infection of Human Eumyctoma |
Mutant forms of the Plasmodium falciparum transporter PfCRT constitute the key determinant of parasite resistance to chloroquine ( CQ ) , the former first-line antimalarial , and are ubiquitous to infections that fail CQ treatment . However , treatment can often be successful in individuals harboring mutant pfcrt allel... | Plasmodium falciparum resistance to the antimalarial drug chloroquine has been found to result primarily from point mutations in PfCRT , which provide a highly sensitive marker of in vivo treatment failure and in vitro resistance . Debate has nonetheless continued about the singular role of mutant PfCRT and the contrib... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Identification of a Mutant PfCRT-Mediated Chloroquine Tolerance Phenotype in Plasmodium falciparum |
Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common cause of fungal meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients . Depletion of CD4 cells , such as occurs during advanced AIDS , is known to be a critical risk factor for developing cryptococcosis . However , the role of HIV-induced innate inflammation in susceptibility to cryptococcosis... | Meningoencephalitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans is the leading cause of mortality in AIDS patients in the developing world . It has been known that depletion of CD4 T cells is the most critical predisposing factor to cryptococcosis in HIV infected patients . What has not been clear is the effect of HIV-induced innat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Type I IFN Induction via Poly-ICLC Protects Mice against Cryptococcosis |
In the global program for the eradication of yaws , assessments of the prevalence of the disease are used to decide where to initiate mass treatment . However , the smallest administrative unit that should be used as the basis for making decisions is not clear . We investigated spatial and temporal clustering of yaws t... | The World Health Organization aims to eradicate yaws using mass drug administration ( MDA ) , which consists of treating everyone in an administrative unit with antibiotics . Prevalence assessments are used to identify endemic communities for mass treatment programs , but the spatial scale ( eg , village , sub-district... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"geomorphology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"education",
"landforms",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"topography",
"social",
"sciences",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"health",
"care",
"treponematoses",
"bacte... | 2018 | Spatial-temporal clustering analysis of yaws on Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea to enhance planning and implementation of eradication programs |
Muscle-eye-brain disease ( MEB ) and Walker Warburg Syndrome ( WWS ) belong to a spectrum of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by ocular dysgenesis , neuronal migration defects , and congenital muscular dystrophy . Until now , the pathophysiology of MEB/WWS has been attributed to alteration in dystroglycan pos... | Muscle-eye-brain disease ( MEB ) and Walker-Warburg Syndrome ( WWS ) are devastating childhood diseases that belong to a subgroup of congenital muscular dystrophies ( CMDs ) characterized by ocular dysgenesis , neuronal migration defects , and congenital myopathy . Genetic studies have revealed a number of genes involv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"neuroscience",
"muscle",
"musculoskeletal",
"system",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"cytochemistry",
"extracellular",
"matrix",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"basement",
"membrane",
"cell",
"biology",
"physiology",
"genetics",
"o... | 2011 | COL4A1 Mutations Cause Ocular Dysgenesis, Neuronal Localization Defects, and Myopathy in Mice and Walker-Warburg Syndrome in Humans |
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes ( CTLs ) are important agents in the control of intracellular pathogens , which specifically recognize and kill infected cells . Recently developed experimental methods allow the estimation of the CTL's efficacy in detecting and clearing infected host cells . One method , the in vivo killing ass... | The immune system reacts to the presence of a viral pathogen within the host by the elicitation of an immune response . This response is characterized by the activation and proliferation of specific cell types , which , for instance , produce neutralizing antibodies or kill cells infected by the virus . Cytotoxic T lym... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Estimating the In Vivo Killing Efficacy of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes across Different Peptide-MHC Complex Densities |
The olfactory bulb transforms not only the information content of the primary sensory representation , but also its underlying coding metric . High-variance , slow-timescale primary odor representations are transformed by bulbar circuitry into secondary representations based on principal neuron spike patterns that are ... | The mammalian olfactory bulb responds to odor stimulation by generating fast oscillations in its electrical field potential . Such oscillations are indications that a substantial number of principal neurons in the olfactory bulb are coordinating their activities in time , which often means that their action potentials ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"neuronal",
"dendrites",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"animal",
"cells",
"... | 2017 | A coupled-oscillator model of olfactory bulb gamma oscillations |
The parental feeding practices ( PFPs ) of excessive restriction of food intake ( ‘restriction’ ) and pressure to increase food consumption ( ‘pressure’ ) have been argued to causally influence child weight in opposite directions ( high restriction causing overweight; high pressure causing underweight ) . However child... | It is widely believed that parents influence their child’s BMI via certain feeding practices . For example , rigid restriction has been argued to cause overweight , and pressuring to eat to cause underweight . However , recent longitudinal research has not supported this model . An alternative hypothesis is that child ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"developmental",
"biology",
"psychology",
"genetic",
"predisposition",
"social",
"sciences",
"genomics",
"parenting",
"behavior",
"behavior",
"heredity",
"genome",
"analysis",
"phenotypes",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sc... | 2018 | Evidence for gene-environment correlation in child feeding: Links between common genetic variation for BMI in children and parental feeding practices |
The development of bacteria on abiotic surfaces has important public health and sanitary consequences . However , despite several decades of study of bacterial adhesion to inert surfaces , the biophysical mechanisms governing this process remain poorly understood , due , in particular , to the lack of methodologies cov... | When bacteria grow on solid surfaces , they can form three-dimensional communities called biofilms . Within these complex structures , bacteria can develop specific tolerance to different microbiocides , causing serious health and economic problems . Investigations of the key molecular events involved in biofilm format... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biophysics",
"microbiology"
] | 2008 | A Short–Time Scale Colloidal System Reveals Early Bacterial Adhesion Dynamics |
The innate immune response provides the first line of defense against viruses and other pathogens by responding to specific microbial molecules . Influenza A virus ( IAV ) produces double-stranded RNA as an intermediate during the replication life cycle , which activates the intracellular pathogen recognition receptor ... | Influenza virus or flu epidemics represent a recurrent threat to the public health , especially for individuals which are part of a high-risk group such as children , elderly or immune-compromised people . Sporadic pandemic flu outbreaks , such as the Spanish flu of 1918 , may cause high grades of mortality among healt... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"signal",
"transduction",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"immunity",
"virology",
"mechanisms",
"of",
"signal",
"transduction",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2012 | A20 (Tnfaip3) Deficiency in Myeloid Cells Protects against Influenza A Virus Infection |
The immediate-early ( IE ) BZLF1 gene of Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) regulates the switch between latent and lytic infection by EBV . We previously showed that the cellular transcription factor ZEB1 binds to a sequence element , ZV , located at nt −17 to −12 relative to the transcription initiation site of the BZLF1 pro... | Ninety percent of people in the world become infected with Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) . The virus can infect both epithelial and B cells , either making more virus and killing the cell or establishing a latent form of infection where it is stably maintained in the host . EBV infection is associated with the development... | [
"Abstract",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"homo",
"(human)",
"virology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2007 | ZEB1 Regulates the Latent-Lytic Switch in Infection by Epstein-Barr Virus |
The meiotic recombination checkpoint is a signalling pathway that blocks meiotic progression when the repair of DNA breaks formed during recombination is delayed . In comparison to the signalling pathway itself , however , the molecular targets of the checkpoint that control meiotic progression are not well understood ... | Meiosis is a specialised form of cell division that produces haploid gametes from diploid cells . Failures or errors in meiosis can lead to infertility , miscarriages , or birth defects . In meiosis , chromosomes first swap genetic information during recombination and then undergo two rounds of segregation . Temporal s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/histone",
"modification",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"molecular",
"biology/recombination",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"cell... | 2010 | The Meiotic Recombination Checkpoint Suppresses NHK-1 Kinase to Prevent Reorganisation of the Oocyte Nucleus in Drosophila |
Campylobacter jejuni is a major source of foodborne illness in the developed world , and a common cause of clinical gastroenteritis . Exactly how C . jejuni colonizes its host's intestines and causes disease is poorly understood . Although it causes severe diarrhea and gastroenteritis in humans , C . jejuni typically d... | Research into the key virulence strategies of the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni , as well as the host immune responses that develop against this microbe have , in many ways , been limited by the lack of relevant animal models . Here we describe the use of Sigirr deficient ( −/− ) mice as a model for C . jejun... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"campylobacter",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"campylobacteriosis",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"... | 2014 | A Novel Mouse Model of Campylobacter jejuni Gastroenteritis Reveals Key Pro-inflammatory and Tissue Protective Roles for Toll-like Receptor Signaling during Infection |
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas ( HNSCCs ) are characterized by outstanding molecular heterogeneity that results in severe therapy resistance and poor clinical outcome . Inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity in epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) was recently revealed as a major parameter of poor clinical ... | Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas ( HNSCCs ) display poor survival , with death rates above 55% . Major factors affecting survival are metastases’ formation and therapy resistance . Phenotypic changes during partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) provide tumor cells with increased migration , invasion ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"carcinomas",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"immunoblotting",
"egfr",
"signaling",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"oncology",
"fluorescence-activated",
"cell",
"sorting",
"dev... | 2018 | EpCAM ectodomain EpEX is a ligand of EGFR that counteracts EGF-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition through modulation of phospho-ERK1/2 in head and neck cancers |
Gene discovery , estimation of heritability captured by SNP arrays , inference on genetic architecture and prediction analyses of complex traits are usually performed using different statistical models and methods , leading to inefficiency and loss of power . Here we use a Bayesian mixture model that simultaneously all... | Most genome-wide association studies performed to date have focused on testing individual genetic markers for associations with phenotype . Recently , methods that analyse the joint effects of multiple markers on genetic variation have provided further insights into the genetic basis of complex human traits . In additi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Simultaneous Discovery, Estimation and Prediction Analysis of Complex Traits Using a Bayesian Mixture Model |
Control of chromosome replication involves a common set of regulators in eukaryotes , whereas bacteria with divided genomes use chromosome-specific regulators . How bacterial chromosomes might communicate for replication is not known . In Vibrio cholerae , which has two chromosomes ( chrI and chrII ) , replication init... | Genome maintenance in dividing cells requires that the chromosomes replicate reliably once per cell cycle , and that this replication be timed to allow for proper segregation of the daughter chromosomes before cell division . In organisms with divided genomes , eukaryotes and a significant class of bacteria , the chrom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"dna",
"replication",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"genetics",
"dna",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Chromosome I Controls Chromosome II Replication in Vibrio cholerae |
Nutrition is a key factor in host–pathogen defense . Malnutrition can increase both host susceptibility and severity of infection through a number of pathways , and infection itself can promote nutritional deterioration and further susceptibility . Nutritional status can also strongly influence response to vaccination ... | As the old adage goes , you are what you eat . Proper nutrition is a cornerstone of health , and malnutrition can seriously impair the function of the immune system , resulting in increased infections or a more severe disease . Imbalanced or inadequate nutrition can also affect responses to vaccines or drugs that are v... | [
"Abstract",
"Nutrition",
"and",
"infectious",
"disease",
"What",
"is",
"an",
"arbovirus?",
"Review",
"methodology",
"How",
"can",
"nutrition",
"affect",
"arbovirus",
"infection,",
"transmission",
"and",
"severity?",
"Influence",
"of",
"nutrition",
"on",
"reservoir",
... | [
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"viruses",
"review",
"nutrition",
"rna",
"viruses",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"obesi... | 2018 | Taking a bite out of nutrition and arbovirus infection |
A national baseline mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis ( STH ) was performed in Sierra Leone . The aim was to provide necessary tools for the Ministry of Health and Sanitation to plan the intervention strategies in the national integrated control program on neglected tropical diseases accordi... | The common intestinal roundworm , whipworm and hookworm ( together known as soil-transmitted helminthes - STHs ) together with schistosomes or bilharzia are responsible for extensive ill health , reduced life expectancy and death in sub-Saharan Africa . These diseases are transmitted in areas of poor water supply and s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"evidence-based",
"healthcare",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infecti... | 2010 | Geographical Distribution of Intestinal Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis and Preventive Chemotherapy Strategies in Sierra Leone |
We are attempting to develop cost-effective control methods for the important vector of sleeping sickness , Glossina fuscipes spp . Responses of the tsetse flies Glossina fuscipes fuscipes ( in Kenya ) and G . f . quanzensis ( in Democratic Republic of Congo ) to natural host odours are reported . Arrangements of elect... | Human African Trypanosomiasis ( sleeping sickness ) remains a serious threat to many of the poorest people in Africa . The trypanosomes causing the disease are transmitted by tsetse flies . There are no vaccines or prophylactic drugs to prevent people from contracting the disease . So the disease is dealt with after it... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2009 | Prospects for Developing Odour Baits To Control Glossina fuscipes spp., the Major Vector of Human African Trypanosomiasis |
The organization of eukaryotic genomes is characterized by the presence of distinct euchromatic and heterochromatic sub-nuclear compartments . In Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterochromatic loci , including telomeres and silent mating type loci , form clusters at the nuclear periphery . We have employed live cell 3-D imag... | Chromosomes are non-randomly positioned inside cells , and this organization is relevant for genome regulation . Spatial clustering of heterochromatic loci provides a striking example of nuclear compartmentalization . In S . cerevisiae , the presence of heterochromatic sub-nuclear domains has been well established , bu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/chromosome",
"structure",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function"
] | 2009 | Yeast Silent Mating Type Loci Form Heterochromatic Clusters through Silencer Protein-Dependent Long-Range Interactions |
Crosses between laboratory strains of mice provide a powerful way of detecting quantitative trait loci for complex traits related to human disease . Hundreds of these loci have been detected , but only a small number of the underlying causative genes have been identified . The main difficulty is the extensive linkage d... | Linkage disequilibrium ( LD ) refers to the nonrandom association of variants at different sites in the genome . In recent years , LD has been of great interest in biomedical research because of its utility in “association studies , ” where DNA sequence variants associated with disease traits are used to identify susce... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"mus",
"(mouse)"
] | 2007 | Linkage Disequilibrium in Wild Mice |
Spontaneous preterm birth ( SPTB ) is the leading cause of neonatal death and morbidity worldwide . Both maternal and fetal genetic factors likely contribute to SPTB . We performed a genome-wide association study ( GWAS ) on a population of Finnish origin that included 247 infants with SPTB ( gestational age [GA] < 36 ... | Worldwide , more than 10% of babies are born prematurely without effective means of prevention . Premature birth is associated with mortality and lifelong comorbidities . Aggregation of spontaneous preterm birth in certain families suggests that there are underlying genetic factors that predispose to preterm birth . Bo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blastocysts",
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"maternal",
"health",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"immunology",
"preterm",... | 2019 | Risk of spontaneous preterm birth and fetal growth associates with fetal SLIT2 |
The use of host nutrients to support pathogen growth is central to disease . We addressed the relationship between metabolism and trophic behavior by comparing metabolic gene expression during potato tuber colonization by two oomycetes , the hemibiotroph Phytophthora infestans and the necrotroph Pythium ultimum . Genes... | A key feature of disease is the pathogen's consumption of host metabolites to support its growth and multiplication . Understanding how host nutrients are used by pathogens may lead to strategies for limiting disease , for example by developing inhibitors of metabolic pathways needed for pathogen growth . Feeding strat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"oomycetes",
"protein",
"metabolism",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"phosphates",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
"nitrates",
"fungi",
"plant",
"science",
"rye",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"plants",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"grasses",
"gene",
"expression",
"chem... | 2019 | Niche-specific metabolic adaptation in biotrophic and necrotrophic oomycetes is manifested in differential use of nutrients, variation in gene content, and enzyme evolution |
Hedgehog ( Hh ) signaling is essential for normal growth , patterning , and homeostasis of many tissues in diverse organisms , and is misregulated in a variety of diseases including cancer . Cytoplasmic Hedgehog signaling is activated by multisite phosphorylation of the seven-pass transmembrane protein Smoothened ( Smo... | Hedgehog proteins are critical regulators of embryonic tissue growth and organization in species ranging from flies to humans . Binding of the secreted Hh protein to its receptor at the surface of cells triggers an intracellular signal that is initiated by Smoothened ( Smo ) . Upon exposure of cells to Hh , Smo becomes... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"arthropoda",
"invertebrates",
"developmental",
"biology",
"signal",
"transduction",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"drosophila",
"cell",
"signaling",
"animals",
"insects",
"organisms"
] | 2014 | A Broadly Conserved G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase Phosphorylation Mechanism Controls Drosophila Smoothened Activity |
Host defense against the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes ( Lm ) requires innate and adaptive immunity . Here , we directly imaged immune cell dynamics at Lm foci established by dendritic cells in the subcapsular red pulp ( scDC ) using intravital microscopy . Blood borne Lm rapidly associated with scDC . ... | The pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes ( Lm ) can access the intracellular space and establish infection in the host spleen and liver . Innate immune cells are required to detect and contain infection while specific adaptive T cells are activated and recruited to infection sites . Adaptive immunity enhances the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"infectiou... | 2011 | Dynamic Imaging of the Effector Immune Response to Listeria Infection In Vivo |
We constructed a 400K WG tiling oligoarray for the horse and applied it for the discovery of copy number variations ( CNVs ) in 38 normal horses of 16 diverse breeds , and the Przewalski horse . Probes on the array represented 18 , 763 autosomal and X-linked genes , and intergenic , sub-telomeric and chrY sequences . W... | Genomes of individuals in a species vary in many ways , one of which is DNA copy number variation ( CNV ) . This includes deletions , duplications , and complex rearrangements typically larger than 50 base-pairs . CNVs are part of normal genetic variation contributing to phenotypic diversity but can also be pathogenic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Copy Number Variation in the Horse Genome |
The saliva of blood-feeding arthropods contains a notable diversity of molecules that target the hemostatic and immune systems of the host . Dipetalodipin and triplatin are triatomine salivary proteins that exhibit high affinity binding to prostanoids , such as TXA2 , thus resulting in potent inhibitory effect on plate... | Chagas disease is transmitted by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . The main form of transmission in endemic areas involves a life cycle in which blood-sucking triatomine vectors get infected by biting an infected animal or person . The saliva of blood-feeding arthropods contains a remarkable diversity of molec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Salivary Thromboxane A2-Binding Proteins from Triatomine Vectors of Chagas Disease Inhibit Platelet-Mediated Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Formation and Arterial Thrombosis |
To determine a cost-minimizing option for congenital toxoplasmosis in the United States . A decision-analytic and cost-minimization model was constructed to compare monthly maternal serological screening , prenatal treatment , and post-natal follow-up and treatment according to the current French ( Paris ) protocol , v... | We constructed a decision-analytic and cost-minimization model to compare monthly maternal serological screening for congenital toxoplasmosis , prenatal treatment , and post-natal follow-up and treatment according to the current French protocol , versus no systematic screening or perinatal treatment . Costs are based o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"science",
"policy",
"and",
"economics",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"women's",
"health",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"science",
"policy",
"pediatrics",
"and",
"child",
"health",
"neurology",
"ophthalmology",
... | 2011 | Maternal Serologic Screening to Prevent Congenital Toxoplasmosis: A Decision-Analytic Economic Model |
Mitochondrial disorders have the highest incidence among congenital metabolic disorders characterized by biochemical respiratory chain complex deficiencies . It occurs at a rate of 1 in 5 , 000 births , and has phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity . Mutations in about 1 , 500 nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins may ... | Mitochondria play a crucial role in ATP biosynthesis and comprise proteins encoded in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes . Although more than 250 mitochondrial disease-causing genes have been reported , the exact genetic causes in patients remain largely unknown . Here , we aimed to provide further insights int... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | A Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Reveals the Genetic Landscape of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex Deficiencies |
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells ( pDCs ) , considered critical for immunity against viruses , were recently associated with defense mechanisms against fungal infections . However , the immunomodulatory function of pDCs in pulmonary paracoccidiodomycosis ( PCM ) , an endemic fungal infection of Latin America , has been poo... | The fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) , the most relevant deep mycosis in Latin America . The plasmacytoid dendritic cells ( pDCs ) are important immune cells involved in protection against viral infections , but their role in fungal infections remains unclear . Here , we invest... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"yeast",
"infections",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"immunology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"development",
"cytotoxic"... | 2016 | Tolerogenic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Control Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection by Inducting Regulatory T Cells in an IDO-Dependent Manner |
The Salmonella enterica opvAB operon is a horizontally-acquired locus that undergoes phase variation under Dam methylation control . The OpvA and OpvB proteins form intertwining ribbons in the inner membrane . Synthesis of OpvA and OpvB alters lipopolysaccharide O-antigen chain length and confers resistance to bacterio... | A tradeoff can increase the adaptive capacity of an organism at the expense of lowering the fitness conferred by specific traits . This study describes a tradeoff that confers bacteriophage resistance in Salmonella enterica at the expense of reducing its pathogenic capacity . Phase variation of the opvAB operon creates... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Epigenetic Control of Salmonella enterica O-Antigen Chain Length: A Tradeoff between Virulence and Bacteriophage Resistance |
Loss of CD4 T cell help correlates with virus persistence during acute hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection , but the underlying mechanism ( s ) remain unknown . We developed a combined proliferation/intracellular cytokine staining assay to monitor expansion of HCV-specific CD4 T cells and helper cytokines expression pa... | In this study , we investigated the mechanisms underlying failure of the CD4 helper T cell response during acute hepatitis C infection . We demonstrate that this failure is primarily due to loss of IL-21-producing CD4 T cells in individuals who progress towards chronic infection . This is accompanied by exhaustion of v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"hepatitis",
"c",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"hepatitis",
"hepatitis",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"immunity",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"liver",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Galectin-9 and IL-21 Mediate Cross-regulation between Th17 and Treg Cells during Acute Hepatitis C |
In biological systems that undergo processes such as differentiation , a clear concept of progression exists . We present a novel computational approach , called Sample Progression Discovery ( SPD ) , to discover patterns of biological progression underlying microarray gene expression data . SPD assumes that individual... | We present a novel computational approach , Sample Progression Discovery ( SPD ) , to discover biological progression underlying a microarray dataset . In contrast to the majority of microarray data analysis methods which identify differences between sample groups ( normal vs . cancer , treated vs . control ) , SPD aim... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Discovering Biological Progression Underlying Microarray Samples |
Group A human rotaviruses ( RVs ) are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children . Yet , aside from the genes encoding serotype antigens ( VP7; G-type and VP4; P-type ) , little is known about the genetic make-up of emerging and endemic human RV strains . To gain insight into the diversity an... | Rotaviruses are the most important cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children . Due to the segmented nature of their genomes , rotaviruses can exchange ( reassort ) genes during co-infections , a feature that is predicted to generate new , possibly more dangerous virus strains . However , the amount of gene... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"virology/vaccines"
] | 2009 | Evolutionary Dynamics of Human Rotaviruses: Balancing Reassortment with Preferred Genome Constellations |
The identification of cancer drivers is a major goal of current cancer research . Finding driver genes within large chromosomal events is especially challenging because such alterations encompass many genes . Previously , we demonstrated that zebrafish malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors ( MPNSTs ) are highly aneu... | Cancer is essentially a genetic disease , caused by serial genetic changes including point mutations and chromosome number abnormalities . The latter leads to copy number alterations of many genes . While there are usually thousands of these genetic changes in a given tumor , only a small fraction likely contribute to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Comparative Oncogenomic Analysis of Copy Number Alterations in Human and Zebrafish Tumors Enables Cancer Driver Discovery |
Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging cause of nosocomial infections . The isolation of strains resistant to multiple antibiotics is increasing at alarming rates . Although A . baumannii is considered as one of the more threatening “superbugs” for our healthcare system , little is known about the factors contributing ... | Multidrug resistant ( MDR ) Acinetobacter baumannii strains are an increasing cause of nosocomial infections worldwide . Due to the remarkable ability of A . baumannii to gain resistance to antibiotics , this bacterium is now considered to be a “superbug” . A . baumannii strains resistant to all clinically relevant ant... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"bacterial",
"biofilms",
"gram",
"negative",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2012 | Identification of a General O-linked Protein Glycosylation System in Acinetobacter baumannii and Its Role in Virulence and Biofilm Formation |
Antibody-dependent enhancement ( ADE ) of Ebola virus ( EBOV ) infection has been demonstrated in vitro , raising concerns about the detrimental potential of some anti-EBOV antibodies . ADE has been described for many viruses and mostly depends on the cross-linking of virus-antibody complexes to cell surface Fc recepto... | Antibody-dependent enhancement ( ADE ) , a phenomenon in which viral infectivity is increased by virus-specific antibodies , is observed in vitro for a large number of viruses . For some of these viruses , ADE often become an issue for disease control by vaccination . It has also been shown that some human sera convale... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"phosphorylation",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"vesicular",
"stomatitis",
"virus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"vesicles",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"signa... | 2016 | Fcγ-receptor IIa-mediated Src Signaling Pathway Is Essential for the Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Ebola Virus Infection |
Trypanosoma cruzi , the etiological agent of Chagas disease , consumes glucose and amino acids depending on the environmental availability of each nutrient during its complex life cycle . For example , amino acids are the major energy and carbon sources in the intracellular stages of the T . cruzi parasite , but their ... | Trypanosoma cruzi , the agent that causes Chagas disease , has a complex life cycle , alternating between insects and mammals and thus facing environments with different metabolite compositions . T . cruzi can consume glucose and/or amino acids , depending on their availability . However , amino acid consumption produc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"organic",
"compounds",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"neuroscience",
"parasite",
"physiology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"pr... | 2018 | The glutamine synthetase of Trypanosoma cruzi is required for its resistance to ammonium accumulation and evasion of the parasitophorous vacuole during host-cell infection |
The four serotypes of dengue virus ( DENV ) cause dengue fever ( DF ) and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome ( DHF/DSS ) . Severe disease has been associated with heterotypic secondary DENV infection , mediated by cross-reactive antibodies ( Abs ) and/or cross-reactive T cells . The role of cross-reactive i... | Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral infection of humans , with half the world's population at risk for infection . Four different dengue virus serotypes ( DENV-1 to -4 ) can cause the disease , which can be either inapparent or present with flu-like symptoms ( Dengue Fever ) , also known as “breakbone fever”... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"immunity",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"(non-neglected)",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Dominant Cross-Reactive B Cell Response during Secondary Acute Dengue Virus Infection in Humans |
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative , facultative intracellular bacterium , which causes a disease known as melioidosis . Professional phagocytes represent a crucial first line of innate defense against invading pathogens . Uptake of pathogens by these cells involves the formation of a phagosome that matures b... | Burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium and the etiological agent of melioidosis . Little is known about the host innate immune system , which is engaged in a continuous battle against this pathogen and may contribute to the outcomes of melioidosis . Recently , Rab32 , a Rab GTPase was show... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"transfection",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"lysosomes",
"vesicles",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"intracellular",
"pathogens",
"natural",
"antisense",
"transcripts",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"... | 2019 | Rab32 GTPase, as a direct target of miR-30b/c, controls the intracellular survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei by regulating phagosome maturation |
Natural killer ( NK ) cells are lymphocytes that play a major role in the elimination of virally-infected cells and tumor cells . NK cells recognize and target abnormal cells through activation of stimulatory receptors such as NKG2D . NKG2D ligands are self-proteins , which are absent or expressed at low levels on heal... | Human and mouse cytomegaloviruses ( HCMV and MCMV ) are members of the Herpesvirus family . Both viruses cause disease in individuals with a compromised immune system , such as transplant patients and AIDS patients . Natural killer ( NK ) cells are essential players in the immune response against these viruses . NK cel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immediate-early",
"promoter",
"immune",
"cells",
"viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"immune",
"defense",
"viral",
"immune",
"evasion",
"biology",
"pathogenesis",
"viral",
"replication",
"nk",
"cells",
"immunity",
... | 2011 | Expression of the RAE-1 Family of Stimulatory NK-Cell Ligands Requires Activation of the PI3K Pathway during Viral Infection and Transformation |
Proteins must move between different conformations of their native ensemble to perform their functions . Crystal structures obtained from high-resolution X-ray diffraction data reflect this heterogeneity as a spatial and temporal conformational average . Although movement between natively populated alternative conforma... | Describing the multiple conformations of proteins is important for understanding the relationship between molecular flexibility and function . However , most methods for interpreting data from X-ray crystallography focus on building a single structure of the protein , which limits the potential for biological insights ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Exposing Hidden Alternative Backbone Conformations in X-ray Crystallography Using qFit |
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