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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Aedes albopictus is an important dengue vector because of its aggressive biting behavior and rapid spread out of its native home range in Southeast Asia . Pyrethroids are widely used for adult mosquito control , and resistance to pyrethroids should be carefully monitored because vector control is the only effective met... | Aedes albopictus is a major dengue and Chikungunya vector and highly invasive . In the absence of effective treatment for the arbovirus infections , vector control is the only viable option . Pyrethroids are the most widely used insecticide for vector control programs due to low mammalian toxicity and rapid knockdown a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"voltage-gated",
"ion",
"channels",
"death",
"rates",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"demography",
"china",
"voltage-gated",
"sodium",
"channels",
"geographical",
"locations",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"mutation",
"ion",
"c... | 2016 | Multi-country Survey Revealed Prevalent and Novel F1534S Mutation in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC) Gene in Aedes albopictus |
No commercially licensed vaccine or treatment is available for dengue fever , a potentially lethal infection that impacts millions of lives annually . New tools that target mosquito control may reduce vector populations and break the cycle of dengue transmission . Male mosquito seminal fluid proteins ( Sfps ) are one s... | Dengue is a potentially lethal infection that impacts millions of humans annually . This disease is caused by viruses transmitted by infected female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes during blood feeding . No commercial vaccine or treatment is available for dengue infection . One way to break the disease transmission cycle is t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"evolutionary",
"biology/sexual",
"behavior",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"evolutionary",
"biology/animal",
"behavior",
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"virology/emerging",
"viral",... | 2011 | Towards a Semen Proteome of the Dengue Vector Mosquito: Protein
Identification and Potential Functions |
The establishment of polarity is a critical process in pathogenic fungi , mediating infection-related morphogenesis and host tissue invasion . Here , we report the identification of TPC1 ( Transcription factor for Polarity Control 1 ) , which regulates invasive polarized growth in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryz... | Cellular polarity is an intrinsic feature of filamentous fungal growth and pathogenesis . In this study , we identified a gene required for fungal polar growth and virulence in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . This gene has been named TPC1 ( Transcription factor for Polarity Control 1 ) . The Tpc1 protein bel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"cell",
"death",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"cell",
"processes",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"fungal",
"structure",
"cell",
"polarity",
"fungi",
"plant",
"science",
"transcr... | 2017 | Tpc1 is an important Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional regulator required for polarized growth and virulence in the rice blast fungus |
The enteric bacterium Proteus mirabilis , which is a pathogen that forms biofilms in vivo , can swarm over hard surfaces and form a variety of spatial patterns in colonies . Colony formation involves two distinct cell types: swarmer cells that dominate near the surface and the leading edge , and swimmer cells that pref... | Bacteria frequently colonize surfaces and grow as biofilm communities embedded in a gel-like polysaccharide matrix , and when this occurs on catheters , heart valves and other medical implants , it can lead to serious , hard-to-treat infections . Proteus mirabilis is an enteric bacterium that forms biofilms on urinary ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"systems",
"biology",
"complex",
"systems",
"developmental",
"biology",
"bacterial",
"biofilms",
"mathematics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"microbiology",
"pattern",
"formatio... | 2011 | Radial and Spiral Stream Formation in Proteus mirabilis Colonies |
Cellular signaling networks have evolved an astonishing ability to function reliably and with high fidelity in uncertain environments . A crucial prerequisite for the high precision exhibited by many signaling circuits is their ability to keep the concentrations of active signaling compounds within tightly defined boun... | Cellular signaling networks have to function reliably and with high fidelity in an uncertain environment . In this paper , we investigate the topological principles to achieve such robust signal processing in living cells . Specifically , we identify the topological organizing principles that enable a signaling network... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Robust Signal Processing in Living Cells |
When colonising host-niches or non-animated medical devices , individual cells of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans expand into significant biomasses . Here we show that within such biomasses , fungal metabolically generated CO2 acts as a communication molecule promoting the switch from yeast to filamentous growth e... | Pathogenic microorganisms can produce a variety of secondary metabolites and signalling molecules which can affect the host , or provide them with a selective advantage against competing commensal organisms . We demonstrate that gaseous , metabolically generated CO2 can serve as a signalling molecule to enhance the org... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/fungal",
"infections",
"microbiology"
] | 2010 | CO2 Acts as a Signalling Molecule in Populations of the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans |
Most population genetic theories on the evolution of sex or recombination are based on fairly restrictive assumptions about the nature of the underlying fitness landscapes . Here we use computer simulations to study the evolution of sex on fitness landscapes with different degrees of complexity and epistasis . We evalu... | One of the biggest open questions in evolutionary biology is why sexual reproduction is so common despite its manifold costs . Many hypotheses have been proposed that can potentially explain the emergence and maintenance of sexual reproduction in nature , and currently the biggest challenge in the field is assessing th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | Predicting the Evolution of Sex on Complex Fitness Landscapes |
The transitional period between the oncosphere and the cysticercus of Taenia solium is the postoncospheral ( PO ) form , which has not yet been completely characterized . The aim of this work was to standardize a method to obtain T . solium PO forms by in vitro cultivation . We studied the morphology of the PO form and... | Neurocysticercosis is caused by T . solium , which is a neglected disease . The postoncospheral ( PO ) form is an intermediate form between the oncosphere , which is the larva , and the fully developed cysticercus , which is a cyst with a scolex . The morphology , development , and protein and antigen expression of the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"biological",
"cultures",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"protein",
"expression",
"microscopy",
"caco-2",
"cells",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
... | 2016 | In Vitro Study of Taenia solium Postoncospheral Form |
Polymorphisms that affect complex traits or quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) often affect multiple traits . We describe two novel methods ( 1 ) for finding single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) significantly associated with one or more traits using a multi-trait , meta-analysis , and ( 2 ) for distinguishing between ... | We describe novel methods for finding significant associations between a genome wide panel of SNPs and multiple complex traits , and further for distinguishing between genes with effects on multiple traits and multiple linked genes affecting different traits . The method uses a meta-analysis based on estimates of SNP e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"agriculture"
] | 2014 | A Multi-Trait, Meta-analysis for Detecting Pleiotropic Polymorphisms for Stature, Fatness and Reproduction in Beef Cattle |
Ethiopia bears a high burden of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) . Early access to VL diagnosis and care improves clinical prognosis and reduces transmission from infected humans; however , significant obstacles exist . The approximate 250 , 000 seasonal mobile workers ( MW ) employed annually in northwestern Ethiopia may... | Ethiopia bears a high burden of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) —a neglected tropical disease transmitted through the bite of a sand fly that disproportionately affects vulnerable populations . Without treatment , VL progresses , causing increasingly severe symptoms and ultimately death within two years , in most cases .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"farms",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"ethiopia",
"africa",
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
... | 2018 | Barriers to access to visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis and care among seasonal mobile workers in Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A qualitative study |
Neurocysticercosis is a common cause of seizure disorders in children of Western Nepal . The clinical presentation is variable . The incidence varies depending on the food habits and ethnicity of the population . The present study was undertaken with the objective of studying the mode of presentation , radiological fin... | Neurocysticercosis is a common parasitic infection of the central nervous system . It is caused by larval form of Taenia solium and it has been identified as a “Neglected Tropical Disease” endemic in south East Asia , including Nepal , by WHO . The clinical features in children are pleomorphic depending on the number ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
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"laboratory",
"medicine",
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"neurocysticercosis",
"sociology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"health",
... | 2017 | Time trend of neurocysticercosis in children with seizures in a tertiary hospital of western Nepal |
The etiology of ovarian epithelial cancer is poorly understood , mainly due to the lack of an appropriate experimental model for studying the onset and progression of this disease . We have created a mutant mouse model in which aberrant estrogen receptor alpha ( ERα ) signaling in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axi... | Ovarian cancer is currently the most lethal gynecological cancer in the United States . Multiple epidemiological studies indicate that women who take hormone replacement therapy , estrogen or estrogen with progesterone , peri- or postmenopause will have an increased chance of developing ovarian cancer . Unfortunately ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"endocrinology",
"reproductive",
"endocrinology",
"genetics",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Dysregulated Estrogen Receptor Signaling in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Leads to Ovarian Epithelial Tumorigenesis in Mice |
Cells are organized into distinct compartments to perform specific tasks with spatial precision . In neurons , presynaptic specializations are biochemically complex subcellular structures dedicated to neurotransmitter secretion . Activity-dependent changes in the abundance of presynaptic proteins are thought to endow s... | Cells are divided into multiple subcellular compartments that perform diverse functions . In neurons , synapses mediate transmission of information between cells and they comprise hundreds of proteins dedicated for this purpose . Changes in the protein composition of synapses are thought to produce changes in synaptic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/aging",
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"signaling",
"mechanisms",
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"and",
"glial",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics"
] | 2008 | Profiling Synaptic Proteins Identifies Regulators of Insulin Secretion and Lifespan |
Awareness of the public health importance of tungiasis has been growing in East Africa in recent years , but data on epidemiological characteristics necessary for the planning and implementation of control measures do not exist . The work presented here was part of a larger cross-sectional study on the epidemiology of ... | Tungiasis is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by penetrated sand fleas , the adult female of which burrows into the skin of the feet . The parasite rapidly expands its body size by a factor of 2000 . The growth causes immense itching , inflammation , pain and debilitation . The current lack of good treatment me... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"education",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"animals",
"age",
"groups",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"fleas",
"medical",
"risk",
"factors",
"families... | 2019 | Prevalence, intensity and risk factors of tungiasis in Kilifi County, Kenya II: Results from a school-based observational study |
Phagocytic cells capture and kill most invader microbes within the bactericidal phagosome , but some pathogens subvert killing by damaging the compartment and escaping to the cytosol . To prevent the leakage of pathogen virulence and host defence factors , as well as bacteria escape , host cells have to contain and rep... | Upon uptake by a host cell , intracellular pathogens reside in a membranous compartment called phagosome . Within the phagosome , microbes are protected from the extracellular and cytosolic immune defences , whilst access to nutrients is limited . Some microbes gain access to the host cytosol by damaging the membrane o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
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"cell",
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"lysosomes",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
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"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
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"intracellular",
"pathogens",
"dictyosteliomycota",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"model",
"or... | 2018 | The ESCRT and autophagy machineries cooperate to repair ESX-1-dependent damage at the Mycobacterium-containing vacuole but have opposite impact on containing the infection |
Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) induces autophagy to promote its replication , including its RNA replication , which can take place on double-membrane vesicles known as autophagosomes . However , how HCV induces the biogenesis of autophagosomes and how HCV RNA replication complex may be assembled on autophagosomes were large... | Autophagy is a catabolic process that is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis . During autophagy , crescent membrane structures known as phagophores first appear in the cytoplasm , which then expand to form enclosed double-membrane vesicles known as autophagosomes . It has been shown that hepatitis C virus ( ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"cell",
"death",
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"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"hepacivirus",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"endoplasmic",
"reticulum",
"microbiology"... | 2017 | HCV-induced autophagosomes are generated via homotypic fusion of phagophores that mediate HCV RNA replication |
Intestinal parasitic infections remain among the most common infectious diseases worldwide . This study aimed to estimate their prevalence and provide a detailed analysis of geographical distribution of intestinal parasites in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro , considering demographic , socio-economic , and ep... | Intestinal parasitic infections are considered indicators of health and socio-environmental vulnerability , and are associated with precarious sanitation and water quality of a country . They continue to pose a serious public health problem , especially in developing countries where sanitation is not expanded in line w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"people",
"and",
"places",
"organisms",
"helminth",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"protozoans",
"parasitic",
"intestinal",
"diseases",
"south",
"america",
"population",
"dynamics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations... | 2017 | Geospatial distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and its association with social determinants |
Elite controllers ( ECs ) represent a unique model of a functional cure for HIV-1 infection as these individuals develop HIV-specific immunity able to persistently suppress viremia . Because accumulating evidence suggests that HIV controllers generate antibodies with enhanced capacity to drive antibody-dependent cellul... | A small fraction of HIV-infected subjects mount immune responses that are able to suppress viral replication such that virus cannot be detected in the blood . Understanding how these individuals , known as elite controllers , achieve this outcome may provide a model for strategies to treat or prevent HIV infection . We... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | Polyfunctional HIV-Specific Antibody Responses Are Associated with Spontaneous HIV Control |
Hereditary spastic paraplegias ( HSPs ) are characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the legs because of the degeneration of cortical motoneuron axons . SPG15 is a recessively inherited HSP variant caused by mutations in the ZFYVE26 gene and is additionally characterized by cerebellar ataxia , mental dec... | Hereditary spastic paraplegias ( HSPs ) are inherited disorders characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the legs . In HSP patients , nerve fibers connecting cortical motoneurons with spinal cord neurons are progressively lost . HSP subtype 15 ( SPG15 ) is caused by mutations in ZFYVE26 , and is characte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | A Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Mouse Model Supports a Role of ZFYVE26/SPASTIZIN for the Endolysosomal System |
Temporally ordered multi-neuron patterns likely encode information in the brain . We introduce an unsupervised method , SPOTDisClust ( Spike Pattern Optimal Transport Dissimilarity Clustering ) , for their detection from high-dimensional neural ensembles . SPOTDisClust measures similarity between two ensemble spike pat... | The brain encodes information by ensembles of neurons , and recent technological developments allow researchers to simultaneously record from over thousands of neurons . Neurons exhibit spontaneous activity patterns , which are constrained by experience and development , limiting the portion of state space that is effe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"signal",
"processing",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"membrane",
"potential",
"vertebrates",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"jitter",
"mammals",
"simulation",
... | 2018 | Unsupervised clustering of temporal patterns in high-dimensional neuronal ensembles using a novel dissimilarity measure |
Kabul , Afghanistan , is the largest focus of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis ( ACL ) in the world . ACL is a protozoan disease transmitted to humans by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies . Although not fatal , ACL can lead to considerable stigmatization of affected populations . Using data from a standardized s... | Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan disease that is characterized by cutaneous lesions which develop at the site of the insect bite . Lesions can vary in severity , clinical appearance , and time to cure; in a proportion of patients lesions can become chronic , leading to disfiguring mucosal leishmanias... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/global",
"health",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/skin",
"in... | 2010 | Risk Factors for Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis at the Household Level in Kabul, Afghanistan |
Strongyloidiasis is one of the most neglected diseases distributed worldwide with endemic areas in developed countries , where chronic infections are life threatening . Despite its impact , very little is known about the molecular biology of the parasite involved and its interplay with its hosts . Next generation seque... | Strongyloides stercoralis ( Nematoda ) is an important parasite of humans , causing Strongyloidiasis , considered as one of the most neglected diseases , affecting more than 100 million people worldwide . Chronic infections in endemic areas can be maintained for decades through the autoinfective cycle with the L3 filar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | The Transcriptome Analysis of Strongyloides stercoralis L3i Larvae Reveals Targets for Intervention in a Neglected Disease |
Studies in malaria patients indicate that higher frequencies of peripheral blood CD4+ Foxp3+ CD25+ regulatory T ( Treg ) cells correlate with increased blood parasitemia . This observation implies that Treg cells impair pathogen clearance and thus may be detrimental to the host during infection . In C57BL/6 mice infect... | Severe malaria can kill people via complications such as cerebral malaria . The number of malaria parasites in the body is a major determinant of whether a patient will develop severe disease . T cells are thought to help control parasite numbers , but regulatory T cells , which are known to dampen immune responses , a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"immunology/leukocyte",
"activation"
] | 2010 | CD4+ Natural Regulatory T Cells Prevent Experimental Cerebral Malaria via CTLA-4 When Expanded In Vivo |
Hebbian changes of excitatory synapses are driven by and further enhance correlations between pre- and postsynaptic activities . Hence , Hebbian plasticity forms a positive feedback loop that can lead to instability in simulated neural networks . To keep activity at healthy , low levels , plasticity must therefore inco... | Learning and memory in the brain are thought to be mediated through Hebbian plasticity . When a group of neurons is repetitively active together , their connections get strengthened . This can cause co-activation even in the absence of the stimulus that triggered the change . To avoid run-away behavior it is important ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Synaptic Plasticity in Neural Networks Needs Homeostasis with a Fast Rate Detector |
The impact of climate on the vector behaviour of the worldwide dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a cause of concern . This tick is a vector for life-threatening organisms including Rickettsia rickettsii , the agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever , R . conorii , the agent of Mediterranean spotted fever , and the ubi... | The impact of climate on the behaviour of the worldwide dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a cause of concern . This tick is a vector for life-threatening organisms including Rickettsia rickettsii , the agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever , R . conorii , the agent of Mediterranean spotted fever , and the ubiquitous... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2008 | Warmer Weather Linked to Tick Attack and Emergence of Severe Rickettsioses |
Vibrations are important cues for tactile perception across species . Whisker-based sensation in mice is a powerful model system for investigating mechanisms of tactile perception . However , the role vibration plays in whisker-based sensation remains unsettled , in part due to difficulties in modeling the vibration of... | Vibrations play an important role in the sense of touch in many species , but exactly how they influence touch perception remains mysterious . An important reason for this mystery is the difficulty in measuring vibrations during touch . Mice are a powerful model system for investigating touch perception because they ac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"vibration",
"membrane",
"potential",
"social",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"mammals",
"animal",
"anatomy",
"damage",
"mechanics",
"zo... | 2018 | Dynamic cues for whisker-based object localization: An analytical solution to vibration during active whisker touch |
Mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) pathways are crucial signaling instruments in eukaryotes . Most ascomycetes possess three MAPK modules that are involved in key developmental processes like sexual propagation or pathogenesis . However , the regulation of these modules by adapters or scaffolds is largely unknow... | The specific response to environmental cues is crucial for cell differentiation and is often mediated by highly conserved eukaryotic MAP kinase ( MAPK ) pathways . How these pathways react specifically to huge numbers of different cues is still unclear , and current literature about adapter and scaffolding proteins rem... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mycology",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2014 | PRO40 Is a Scaffold Protein of the Cell Wall Integrity Pathway, Linking the MAP Kinase Module to the Upstream Activator Protein Kinase C |
Transmission of M . ulcerans , the etiological agent of Buruli ulcer , from the environment to humans remains an enigma despite decades of research . Major transmission hypotheses propose 1 ) that M . ulcerans is acquired through an insect bite or 2 ) that bacteria enter an existing wound through exposure to a contamin... | Buruli ulcer , a severe skin disease in West and Central Africa results in significant disability . The causative bacterium , M . ulcerans has been detected in many aquatic sources , but how bacteria enter the skin is an enigma . Two major hypotheses for infection are 1 ) that bacteria are injected into the skin throug... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"pathology",
"and",
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"medicine",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences... | 2014 | Mycobacterium ulcerans Fails to Infect through Skin Abrasions in a Guinea Pig Infection Model: Implications for Transmission |
In many ecosystems , natural selection can occur quickly enough to influence the population dynamics and thus future selection . This suggests the importance of extending classical population dynamics models to include such eco-evolutionary processes . Here , we describe a predator-prey model in which the prey populati... | Evolution is usually thought to occur very gradually , taking millennia or longer in order to appreciably affect a species' survival mechanisms . Conversely , demographic shifts due to predator invasion or environmental change can occur relatively quickly , creating abrupt and lasting effects on a species survival . Ho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
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"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"population",
"biology",
"thermodynamics",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"ecosystems",
"dynamical",
"systems",
"free",
... | 2017 | A phase transition induces chaos in a predator-prey ecosystem with a dynamic fitness landscape |
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ( sCJD ) cases are currently subclassified according to the methionine/valine polymorphism at codon 129 of the PRNP gene and the proteinase K ( PK ) digested abnormal prion protein ( PrPres ) identified on Western blotting ( type 1 or type 2 ) . These biochemically distinct PrPres typ... | Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of an abnormal isoform ( PrPSc ) of a host-encoded protein ( PrPC ) in affected tissues . According to the prion hypothesis , PrPSc alone constitutes the infectious agent . Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ( sCJD ) is the commo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neurological",
"disorders/prion",
"diseases"
] | 2008 | Beyond PrPres Type 1/Type 2 Dichotomy in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease |
Bacteria use trans-translation and the alternative rescue factors ArfA ( P36675 ) and ArfB ( Q9A8Y3 ) to hydrolyze peptidyl-tRNA on ribosomes that stall near the 3' end of an mRNA during protein synthesis . The eukaryotic protein ICT1 ( Q14197 ) is homologous to ArfB . In vitro ribosome rescue assays of human ICT1 and ... | Ribosomes can stall during protein synthesis on truncated or damaged mRNAs that lack a stop codon . In bacteria , these “non-stop” ribosomes are rescued by trans-translation or by an alternative rescue factor , ArfA or ArfB . Most eukaryotes do not have trans-translation , but mammals have a homolog of ArfB named ICT1 ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"caulobacter",
"gene",
"regulation",
"messenger",
"rna",
"carbohydrates",
"organic",
"compounds",
"xylose",
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"mitochondria",
"bioenergetics",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"bacteria",
... | 2016 | Human Cells Require Non-stop Ribosome Rescue Activity in Mitochondria |
Synonymous rare codons are considered to be sub-optimal for gene expression because they are translated more slowly than common codons . Yet surprisingly , many protein coding sequences include large clusters of synonymous rare codons . Rare codons at the 5’ terminus of coding sequences have been shown to increase tran... | Proteins are long linear polymers that must fold into complex three-dimensional shapes in order to carry out their cellular functions . Every protein is synthesized by the ribosome , which decodes each trinucleotide codon in an mRNA coding sequence in order to select the amino acid residue that will occupy each positio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"genome",
"analysis",
"protein",
"structure",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"alignment",
"bioinformatics",
"proteins",
"biological",
"databases",
"gene",
"ontologie... | 2017 | Widespread position-specific conservation of synonymous rare codons within coding sequences |
Recognizing cholera cases early , especially in the initial phase of an outbreak and in areas where cholera has not previously circulated , is a high public health priority . Laboratory capacity in such settings is often limited . To address this , we have developed a rapid diagnostic test ( RDT ) termed Cholkit that i... | Cholera is a severely dehydrating diarrheal disease that can lead to death if remains untreated . The incidence of case fatality is higher at the beginning of the outbreak . Diagnosis of cholera in the early stage of outbreak is a high public health priority . Although countries facing complex emergencies are more vuln... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"and",
"materials",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"microbial",
"cultures",
"pathogens",
"vibrio",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"biological",
"cultures",
... | 2018 | Development of a new dipstick (Cholkit) for rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 in acute watery diarrheal stools |
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is a human herpesvirus that causes Kaposi's sarcoma and is associated with the development of lymphoproliferative diseases . KSHV reactivation from latency and virion production is dependent on efficient transcription of over eighty lytic cycle genes and viral DNA replic... | Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is a human virus that causes Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma . KSHV establishes a lifelong infection in B lymphocytes , and persists in a latent form as circular DNA molecules . Reactivation and replication yield infectious virions , allowing transmission and maintenance o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"viral",
"latency",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology",
"viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"viral",
"replication"
] | 2014 | CTCF and Rad21 Act as Host Cell Restriction Factors for Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Lytic Replication by Modulating Viral Gene Transcription |
The macronuclear genome of the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax displays an extreme and unique eukaryotic genome architecture with extensive genomic variation . During sexual genome development , the expressed , somatic macronuclear genome is whittled down to the genic portion of a small fraction ( ∼5% ) of its precursor “s... | The macronuclear genome of the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax , contained in its somatic nucleus , has a unique genome architecture . Unlike its diploid germline genome , which is transcriptionally inactive during normal cellular growth , the macronuclear genome is fragmented into at least 16 , 000 tiny ( ∼3 . 2 kb mean l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"evolution",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"telomeres",
"model",
"organisms",
"dna",
"genome",
"complexity",
"transposons",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"protozoan",
"models",
"dna",
"amplification",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",... | 2013 | The Oxytricha trifallax Macronuclear Genome: A Complex Eukaryotic Genome with 16,000 Tiny Chromosomes |
Argonaute ( Ago ) proteins and microRNAs ( miRNAs ) are central components in RNA interference , which is a key cellular mechanism for sequence-specific gene silencing . Despite intensive studies , molecular mechanisms of how Ago recognizes miRNA remain largely elusive . In this study , we propose a two-step mechanism ... | In RNA interference , Argonaute proteins and microRNAs together form the functional core that regulates the gene expression with high sequence specificity . Elucidating the detailed mechanism of molecular recognition between Argonaute proteins and microRNAs is thus important not only for the fundamental understanding o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Markov State Models Reveal a Two-Step Mechanism of miRNA Loading into the Human Argonaute Protein: Selective Binding followed by Structural Re-arrangement |
Across academia and industry , text mining has become a popular strategy for keeping up with the rapid growth of the scientific literature . Text mining of the scientific literature has mostly been carried out on collections of abstracts , due to their availability . Here we present an analysis of 15 million English sc... | Text mining has become an integral part of all fields in science . Owing to the large number of articles published every day , it is necessary to employ automated systems to assist in curation , knowledge management and discovery . To date , most systems make use of information collected from abstracts only . Moreover ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"protein",
"interactions",
"named",
"entity",
"recognition",
"text",
"mining",
"genome",
"analysis",
"pharmacology",
"information",
"technology",
"extraction",
"techniques",
"genomic",
"medicine",
"research",
"and"... | 2018 | A comprehensive and quantitative comparison of text-mining in 15 million full-text articles versus their corresponding abstracts |
In July and September 2007 , miners working in Kitaka Cave , Uganda , were diagnosed with Marburg hemorrhagic fever . The likely source of infection in the cave was Egyptian fruit bats ( Rousettus aegyptiacus ) based on detection of Marburg virus RNA in 31/611 ( 5 . 1% ) bats , virus-specific antibody in bat sera , and... | Marburg virus , similar to its close cousin Ebola virus , can cause large outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever ( HF ) in rural Africa with case fatalities approaching 90% . For decades , a long-standing enigma has been the identity of the natural reservoir of this deadly virus . In this report , we identify the cave-dwelling... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"virology"
] | 2009 | Isolation of Genetically Diverse Marburg Viruses from Egyptian Fruit Bats |
The administration of anti-trypanosome nitroderivatives curtails Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Chagas disease patients , but does not prevent destructive lesions in the heart . This observation suggests that an effective treatment for the disease requires understanding its pathogenesis . To understand the origin of cl... | The Trypanosoma cruzi acute infections can be asymptomatic but approximately one third of the chronically infected cases may present Chagas disease . Parasite persistence and autoimmunity are theories trying to explain the clinical and pathological manifestations of Chagas disease in the heart and the digestive system ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/animal",
"genetics",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/myopathies",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"immunology/autoimmunity",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/heart",
"failure"
] | 2011 | Trypanosoma cruzi in the Chicken Model: Chagas-Like Heart Disease in the Absence of Parasitism |
Estimation of immunological and microbiological diversity is vital to our understanding of infection and the immune response . For instance , what is the diversity of the T cell repertoire ? These questions are partially addressed by high-throughput sequencing techniques that enable identification of immunological and ... | The “unseen species problem” is ubiquitous in biology and is frequently encountered outside its original setting in population ecology . For example , the human retrovirus HTLV-1 persists within hosts in multiple , genetically identical clones of infected cells . However , the number of clones in one host is unknown; t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"immune",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"animal",
"cells",
"t",
"cells",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"types",
"immunology"
] | 2014 | Quantification of HTLV-1 Clonality and TCR Diversity |
Small RNA viruses have evolved many mechanisms to increase the capacity of their short genomes . Here we describe the identification and characterization of a novel open reading frame ( ORF4 ) encoded by the murine norovirus ( MNV ) subgenomic RNA , in an alternative reading frame overlapping the VP1 coding region . OR... | This report describes the identification and characterization of a novel protein of unknown function encoded by a mouse virus genetically similar to human noroviruses . This gene is unique to the mouse virus and occupies the same part of the genome that codes for the major capsid protein . The protein that we have desc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"viral",
"immune",
"evasion",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Norovirus Regulation of the Innate Immune Response and Apoptosis Occurs via the Product of the Alternative Open Reading Frame 4 |
The epidemiology of chronic viral infections , such as those caused by Hepatitis C Virus ( HCV ) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) , is affected by the risk group structure of the infected population . Risk groups are defined by each of their members having acquired infection through a specific behavior . Howeve... | To design strategies that efficiently mitigate an epidemic requires estimates of how many people each carrier is likely to infect , what is the variation of this number among infections , and what is the time needed for these transmissions to take place . The disciplines of epidemiology and population genetics independ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"population",
"dynamics",
"population",
"genetics",
"hepatitis",
"effective",
"population",
"size",
"population",
"biology",
"epidemiological",
"methods",
"hepatitis",
"c",
"in... | 2013 | Integrating Phylodynamics and Epidemiology to Estimate Transmission Diversity in Viral Epidemics |
Many enteric pathogens are equipped with multiple cell adhesion factors which are important for host tissue colonization and virulence . Y . enterocolitica , a common food-borne pathogen with invasive properties , uses the surface proteins invasin and YadA for host cell binding and entry . In this study , we demonstrat... | Bacterial infections are generally initiated by molecular interactions that occur between the pathogen and its host cell . These interactions are usually mediated by adhesion and invasion factors exposed from the surface of the bacteria which are necessary for the colonization of host tissues and fundamental to pathoge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medical",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Unique Cell Adhesion and Invasion Properties of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3, the Most Frequent Cause of Human Yersiniosis |
RAVEN is a commonly used MATLAB toolbox for genome-scale metabolic model ( GEM ) reconstruction , curation and constraint-based modelling and simulation . Here we present RAVEN Toolbox 2 . 0 with major enhancements , including: ( i ) de novo reconstruction of GEMs based on the MetaCyc pathway database; ( ii ) a redesig... | Cellular metabolism is a large and complex network . Hence , investigations of metabolic networks are aided by in silico modelling and simulations . Metabolic networks can be derived from whole-genome sequences , through identifying what enzymes are present and connecting these to formalized chemical reactions . To fac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"enzymes",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"enzymology",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"metabolites",
"network",
"analysis",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"secondary",
"metabolite... | 2018 | RAVEN 2.0: A versatile toolbox for metabolic network reconstruction and a case study on Streptomyces coelicolor |
Fine-tuning the plasma-membrane permeability to essential nutrients is fundamental to cell growth optimization . Nutritional signals including nitrogen availability are integrated by the TORC1 complex which notably regulates arrestin-mediated endocytosis of amino-acid transporters . Ammonium is a ubiquitous compound pl... | Cells have evolved a variety of mechanisms to control the permeability of the plasma membrane to face environmental perturbations . Transcriptional regulation , endocytosis , gating and activity control of channels and transporters enable global or specific responses to stressful conditions and focused variations in nu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Identification of a Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Nutrient Transport Controlled by TORC1-Npr1-Amu1/Par32 |
We designed a straightforward method for discriminating circulating Leishmania populations in the Indian subcontinent ( ISC ) . Research on transmission dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL , or Kala-azar ) was recently identified as one of the key research priorities for elimination of the disease in the ISC . VL i... | Visceral Leishmaniasis ( VL ) or Kala-azar is a life-threatening neglected tropical disease that annually affects half a million people worldwide . In the Indian subcontinent ( India , Nepal , Bangladesh ) , the disease is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani , which is transmitted by fem... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"kala-azar",
"biogeography",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"protozoans",
"leishmania"... | 2017 | Single locus genotyping to track Leishmania donovani in the Indian subcontinent: Application in Nepal |
Podoconiosis is a neglected tropical disease ( NTD ) that is prevalent in red clay soil-covered highlands of tropical Africa , Central and South America , and northern India . It is estimated that up to one million cases exist in Ethiopia . This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of podoconiosis in East and West Go... | Podoconiosis is non-infectious elephantiasis that affects barefoot people that have prolonged exposure to red clay soil . It is common in tropical Africa , central America and northern India . Podoconiosis presents as bilateral below knee swelling . Podoconiosis can be both prevented and controlled by consistently wash... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"environmental",
"health",
"epidemiology",
"environmental",
"epidemiology",
"public",
"health"
] | 2012 | Podoconiosis in East and West Gojam Zones, Northern Ethiopia |
Assembly of the essential , tubulin-like FtsZ protein into a ring-shaped structure at the nascent division site determines the timing and position of cytokinesis in most bacteria and serves as a scaffold for recruitment of the cell division machinery . Here we report that expression of bacteriophage λ kil , either from... | Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a serious concern , particularly its role in hospital-acquired infection . Viruses that infect bacteria ( bacteriophage ) can kill their host , and some prevent the bacterial cell from reproducing during that process . Since their discovery , phage have been considered a potential too... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"bacterial",
"physiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"division",
"virology",
"cytokinesis",
"genetics",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"viral",
"replication",
"gene",
"f... | 2014 | The Kil Peptide of Bacteriophage λ Blocks Escherichia coli Cytokinesis via ZipA-Dependent Inhibition of FtsZ Assembly |
Blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma cause schistosomiasis , a parasitic disease that infects over 240 million people worldwide , and for which there is a need to identify new targets for chemotherapeutic interventions . Our research is focused on Schistosoma mansoni prolyl oligopeptidase ( SmPOP ) from the serine pep... | Schistosomiasis ( bilharzia ) is a major global health problem caused by the schistosome flatworm which lives in the bloodstream . Treatment and control of the disease relies on a single drug , and should resistance emerge , there would be increased pressure to discover new drug targets . Proteolytic enzymes are fundam... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Prolyl Oligopeptidase from the Blood Fluke Schistosoma mansoni: From Functional Analysis to Anti-schistosomal Inhibitors |
During meiotic prophase in male mammals , the heterologous X and Y chromosomes remain largely unsynapsed , and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation ( MSCI ) leads to formation of the transcriptionally silenced XY body . In birds , the heterogametic sex is female , carrying Z and W chromosomes ( ZW ) , whereas males have... | Meiosis is a sequence of two specialized cell divisions during which haploid gametes are generated . During meiotic prophase , homologous chromosomes pair and recombine to allow proper separation of chromosomes during the first meiotic division . The pairing mechanism is challenged by the presence of the largely nonhom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/germ",
"cells",
"molecular",
"biology/histone",
"modification",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"evolution",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chr... | 2009 | Female Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation in Chicken |
Recent advances in structural bioinformatics have enabled the prediction of protein-drug off-targets based on their ligand binding sites . Concurrent developments in systems biology allow for prediction of the functional effects of system perturbations using large-scale network models . Integration of these two capabil... | Pharmaceutical science is only beginning to scratch the surface on the exact mechanisms of drug action that lead to a drug's breadth of patient responses , both intended and side effects . Decades of clinical trials , molecular studies , and more recent computational analysis have sought to characterize the interaction... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"pharmacology/drug",
"development",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/cardiovascular",
"pharmacology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"pharmacology/personalized",
... | 2010 | Drug Off-Target Effects Predicted Using Structural Analysis in the Context of a Metabolic Network Model |
An important goal in molecular biology is to understand functional changes upon single-point mutations in proteins . Doing so through a detailed characterization of structure spaces and underlying energy landscapes is desirable but continues to challenge methods based on Molecular Dynamics . In this paper we propose a ... | Important human diseases are linked to mutations in proteins . One such protein , Ras , undergoes mutations in over 25% of human cancers . Its biological activity involves switching between two distinct states , and several oncogenic mutations affect this switching . Despite significant investigation in silico via meth... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Mapping the Conformation Space of Wildtype and Mutant H-Ras with a Memetic, Cellular, and Multiscale Evolutionary Algorithm |
Following recent advances in high-throughput mass spectrometry ( MS ) –based proteomics , the numbers of identified phosphoproteins and their phosphosites have greatly increased in a wide variety of organisms . Although a critical role of phosphorylation is control of protein signaling , our understanding of the phosph... | To date , high-throughput proteome technologies have revealed that hundreds to thousands of proteins in each of many organisms are phosphorylated under the appropriate environmental conditions . A critical role of phosphorylation is control of protein signaling . However , only a fraction of the identified phosphoprote... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Integrative Features of the Yeast Phosphoproteome and Protein–Protein Interaction Map |
Gametophytic development in Arabidopsis depends on nutrients and cell wall materials from sporophytic cells . However , it is not clear whether hormones and signaling molecules from sporophytic tissues are also required for gametophytic development . Herein , we show that auxin produced by the flavin monooxygenases YUC... | Plant life cycle alternates between the diploid sporophyte generation and the haploid gametophyte generation . Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing the generation alternation impacts fundamental plant biology and plant breeding . It is known that the development of haploid generation in vascular plants requ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"brassica",
"hormones",
"pollen",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"hormones",
"genetically",
"modified",
"plants",
"experime... | 2018 | Auxin production in diploid microsporocytes is necessary and sufficient for early stages of pollen development |
Autophagy helps deliver sequestered intracellular cargo to lysosomes for proteolytic degradation and thereby maintains cellular homeostasis by preventing accumulation of toxic substances in cells . In a forward mosaic screen in Drosophila designed to identify genes required for neuronal function and maintenance , we id... | Autophagy is a cellular process used by cells to prevent the accumulation of toxic substances . It delivers misfolded proteins and damaged organelles by fusing autophagosomes—organelles formed by a double membrane that surrounds the “debris” to be eliminated—with lysosomes . How this fusion process is regulated during ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Regulates Lysosomal Fusion with Endosomes and Autophagosomes and Is Required for Neuronal Homeostasis |
Human respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) is the leading viral cause of acute pediatric lower respiratory tract infections worldwide , with no available vaccine or effective antiviral drug . To gain insight into virus-host interactions , we performed a genome-wide siRNA screen . The expression of over 20 , 000 cellular... | RSV continues to be the most important viral cause of severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children , and also has a substantial impact in the elderly . It is estimated to claim the lives of ~118 , 000 children under five years of age annually . No vaccine or antiviral drug suitable for general use i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"vesicles",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"processes",
"egfr",
"signaling",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"small",
"interfering",
"r... | 2019 | The alpha-1 subunit of the Na+,K+-ATPase (ATP1A1) is required for macropinocytic entry of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in human respiratory epithelial cells |
In an effort to understand how a tick-borne pathogen adapts to the body louse , we sequenced and compared the genomes of the recurrent fever agents Borrelia recurrentis and B . duttonii . The 1 , 242 , 163–1 , 574 , 910-bp fragmented genomes of B . recurrentis and B . duttonii contain a unique 23-kb linear plasmid . Th... | Borreliae are vector-borne spirochetes that are responsible for Lyme disease and recurrent fevers . We completed the genome sequences of the tick-borne Borrelia duttonii and the louse-borne B . recurrentis . The former of these is responsible for emerging infections that mimic malaria in Africa and in travellers , and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | The Genome of Borrelia recurrentis, the Agent of Deadly Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever, Is a Degraded Subset of Tick-Borne Borrelia duttonii |
Ultrasonography allows for non-invasive examination of the liver and spleen and can further our understanding of schistosomiasis morbidity . We followed 578 people in Southwest China for up to five years . Participants were tested for Schistosoma japonicum infection in stool and seven standard measures of the liver and... | Schistosomiasis is a water-borne parasite that infects approximately 200 million people worldwide . Schistosoma japonicum , found in Asia , causes disease by releasing eggs in the liver , leading to fibrosis , anemia , and , in children , impaired growth . Ultrasound can assess liver pathology from schistosomiasis; how... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology/hepatology",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"radiology",
"and",
"medical",
"imaging/ultrasonography"
... | 2010 | The Impact of Schistosoma japonicum Infection and Treatment on Ultrasound-Detectable Morbidity: A Five-Year Cohort Study in Southwest China |
Intestinal parasitic infections ( IPIs ) have a worldwide distribution and have been identified as one of the most significant causes of illnesses and diseases among the disadvantaged population . In Malaysia , IPIs still persist in some rural areas , and this study was conducted to determine the current epidemiologica... | Intestinal parasitic infections ( IPIs ) are among the most prevalent human afflictions; these infections still have major impact on the socioeconomic and public health of the bottom billion of the world's poorest people . Although Malaysia has a thriving economy , IPIs are still very much prevalent and causing major h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"microbiology/parasitology"
] | 2011 | Prevalence and Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitism in Rural and Remote West Malaysia |
To eliminate and eradicate gambiense human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) , maximizing the effectiveness of active case finding is of key importance . The progression of the epidemic is largely influenced by the planning of these operations . This paper introduces and analyzes five models for predicting HAT prevalence... | The primary strategy to fight gambiense human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) is to perform extensive population screening operations among endemic villages . Since the progression of the epidemic is largely influenced by the planning of these operations , it is crucial to develop adequate models on this relation and t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"screening",
"guidelines",
"neglec... | 2016 | Forecasting Human African Trypanosomiasis Prevalences from Population Screening Data Using Continuous Time Models |
Microbes within polymicrobial infections often display synergistic interactions resulting in enhanced pathogenesis; however , the molecular mechanisms governing these interactions are not well understood . Development of model systems that allow detailed mechanistic studies of polymicrobial synergy is a critical step t... | Many bacterial infections are not the result of colonization and persistence of a single pathogenic microbe in an infection site but instead the result of colonization by several . Although the importance of polymicrobial interactions and pathogenesis has been noted by many prominent microbiologists including Louis Pas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbial",
"metabolism",
"microbial",
"physiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"microbial",
"ecology"
] | 2011 | Metabolite Cross-Feeding Enhances Virulence in a Model Polymicrobial Infection |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the causative agent of tuberculosis ( TB ) , infects an estimated two billion people worldwide and is the leading cause of mortality due to infectious disease . The development of new anti-TB therapeutics is required , because of the emergence of multi-drug resistance strains as well as co-... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major worldwide pathogen infecting millions individuals every year . Additionally , the number of antibiotic resistant strains has dramatically increased over the last decades . Trying to address this challenge , the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline has recently published the resul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Target Prediction for an Open Access Set of Compounds Active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
RNA decay and maturation have in recent years been recognised as major regulatory mechanisms in bacteria . In contrast to Escherichia coli , the Firmicute ( Gram-positive ) bacteria often do not encode the well-studied endonuclease RNase E , but instead rely on the endonucleases RNase Y , RNase J1 and RNase J2 , of whi... | The long RNA ( ribonucleic acid ) chains are key intermediates in the transfer of information from the genes on chromosomes to the production of protein . An RNA copy ( mRNA ) is transcribed from the gene , and this copy is then translated into protein by a complex molecular machine called the ribosome . The amount of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"gene",
"regulation",
"microbiology",
"ribozymes",
"rna",
"stability",
"gene",
"function",
"staphylococci",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"gram",
"positive",
"biochemistry",
"rna",
"bacter... | 2014 | Transcriptome-Wide Analyses of 5′-Ends in RNase J Mutants of a Gram-Positive Pathogen Reveal a Role in RNA Maturation, Regulation and Degradation |
Recent advances in DNA sequencing have enabled mapping of genes for monogenic traits in families with small pedigrees and even in unrelated cases . We report the identification of disease-causing mutations in a rare , severe , skeletal dysplasia , studying a family of two healthy unrelated parents and two affected chil... | Skeletal dysplasias are a group of genetic disorders affecting skeletal development that cause deficiencies and deformities of the limbs and spine , dwarfism , or abnormal bone strength . Skeletal dysplasias are usually inherited as monogenic Mendelian traits or occur as a result of de novo mutations . We report identi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"sequencing",
"medicine",
"genomics",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"clinical",
"genetics"
] | 2011 | Whole-Exome Re-Sequencing in a Family Quartet Identifies POP1 Mutations As the Cause of a Novel Skeletal Dysplasia |
The ability of the Lentivirus HIV-1 to inhibit T-cell activation by its gp41 fusion protein is well documented , yet limited data exists regarding other viral fusion proteins . HIV-1 utilizes membrane binding region of gp41 to inhibit T-cell receptor ( TCR ) complex activation . Here we examined whether this T-cell sup... | In order to successfully infect and persist in their hosts , viruses utilize multiple strategies to evade the immune system . HIV utilizes membrane interacting regions of its envelope protein , primarily used to fuse with its target cells , to inhibit T-cell activation . Yet , it is unknown whether this ability is shar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cytokines",
"pathogens",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"retr... | 2018 | The HTLV-1 gp21 fusion peptide inhibits antigen specific T-cell activation in-vitro and in mice |
Immunity to a sand fly salivary protein protects against visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) in hamsters . This protection was associated with the development of cellular immunity in the form of a delayed-type hypersensitivity response and the presence of IFN-γ at the site of sand fly bites . To date , there are no data avai... | Leishmaniasis is a neglected infectious disease with a global distribution encompassing 88 countries , 350 million people at risk , and an annual incidence of 2 million cases . Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by sand fly bites where parasites are co-deposited with saliva into the wound . Our group h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
... | 2009 | Sand Fly Salivary Proteins Induce Strong Cellular Immunity in a Natural Reservoir of Visceral Leishmaniasis with Adverse Consequences for Leishmania |
Male Drosophila flies secrete seminal-fluid proteins that mediate proper sperm storage and fertilization , and that induce changes in female behavior . Females also produce reproductive-tract secretions , yet their contributions to postmating physiology are poorly understood . Large secretory cells line the female's sp... | Females of many animal species store sperm after mating , but the molecular and cellular mechanisms of sperm storage and maintenance are largely unknown . D . melanogaster females store sperm in the seminal receptacle and the paired spermathecae . Each spermathecal cap is lined with large secretory cells . There has be... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"reproductive",
"system",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"coevolution",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"physiology",
"biology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"evolutionary",
"processes",
"reproductive",
... | 2011 | Sperm-Storage Defects and Live Birth in Drosophila Females Lacking Spermathecal Secretory Cells |
Binding of small molecules to proteins often involves large conformational changes in the latter , which open up pathways to the binding site . Observing and pinpointing these rare events in large scale , all-atom , computations of specific protein-ligand complexes , is expensive and to a great extent serendipitous . F... | Designing drugs which target specific proteins involved in diseases consumes a lot of time and effort in the pharmaceutical industry . In recent times , in silico design of drugs using all-atom molecular modelling has started to provide crucial inputs . Even so , discovery of binding pathways of small molecules both at... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"classical",
"mechanics",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"mathematics",
"algebra",
"damage",
"mechanics",
"protein",
"structure",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"proteins",
"protein",
... | 2019 | On identifying collective displacements in apo-proteins that reveal eventual binding pathways |
In many biological systems , the network of interactions between the elements can only be inferred from experimental measurements . In neuroscience , non-invasive imaging tools are extensively used to derive either structural or functional brain networks in-vivo . As a result of the inference process , we obtain a matr... | Complex brain networks are mainly estimated from empirical measurements . As a result , we obtain networks where everything is connected to everything else through different strengths of interaction . Filtering procedures are typically adopted to prune weakest connections . However , network properties strongly depend ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infographics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"neural",
"networks",
"nervous",
"system",
"neuroscience",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"scale-free",
"networks",
"brain",
"mapping... | 2017 | A Topological Criterion for Filtering Information in Complex Brain Networks |
Salmonella enterica species are enteric pathogens that cause severe diseases ranging from self-limiting gastroenteritis to enteric fever and sepsis in humans . These infectious diseases are still the major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income countries , especially in children younger than 5 years and immunoc... | Salmonella are bacteria responsible for a high global burden of invasive diseases , especially in South and South-East Asia ( mainly enteric fever due to Salmonella Typhi ) and sub-Saharan Africa ( mainly invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella , iNTS ) . This iNTS disease has emerged as a prominent cause of systemic infecti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"salmonella",
"typhi",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"secretion",
"systems",... | 2016 | Role of T3SS-1 SipD Protein in Protecting Mice against Non-typhoidal Salmonella Typhimurium |
The Community Dialogue Approach is a promising social and behaviour change intervention , which has shown potential for improving health seeking behaviour . To test if this approach can strengthen prevention and control of schistosomiasis at community level , Malaria Consortium implemented a Community Dialogue interven... | Schistosomiasis is a parasitic neglected tropical disease that affects around 190 million people worldwide , causing chronic ill health and disability . Central to its prevention and control are the acceptance of health interventions such as the distribution of drugs on a mass scale and the adoption of good hygiene and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"behavioral",
"and",
"social",
"aspects",
"of",
"health",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"research",
"design",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseas... | 2019 | Knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to schistosomiasis prevention and control: Two cross-sectional household surveys before and after a Community Dialogue intervention in Nampula province, Mozambique |
As the world’s fastest spreading vector-borne disease , dengue was estimated to infect more than 390 million people in 2010 , a 30-fold increase in the past half century . Although considered to be a non-endemic country , mainland China had 55 , 114 reported dengue cases from 2005 to 2014 , of which 47 , 056 occurred i... | Dengue has not been considered to be a major problem in China since it is recognized as an imported disease and only 8 , 058 cases were reported from 2005 to 2013 . However , in 2014 alone , 47 , 056 new cases were reported . In this study , a mathematical model was developed to determine the possible cause of this out... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"fluid",
"mechanics",
"demography",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"pathogens",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
... | 2016 | Climate and the Timing of Imported Cases as Determinants of the Dengue Outbreak in Guangzhou, 2014: Evidence from a Mathematical Model |
Post-translational modifications ( PTMs ) of histones exert fundamental roles in regulating gene expression . During development , groups of PTMs are constrained by unknown mechanisms into combinatorial patterns , which facilitate transitions from uncommitted embryonic cells into differentiated somatic cell lineages . ... | The quest of modern developmental biology is a detailed molecular description of the process that leads from the fertilized egg to the complex and highly differentiated adult organism . This process is controlled largely on the level of gene expression . While early embryonic cells are pluripotent and capable of transc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"fate",
"determination",
"model",
"organisms",
"xenopus",
"laevis",
"molecular",
"development",
"genetics",
"gene",
"expression",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"gene",
"networks",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"cell",... | 2013 | Suv4-20h Histone Methyltransferases Promote Neuroectodermal Differentiation by Silencing the Pluripotency-Associated Oct-25 Gene |
Stringent steric exclusion mechanisms limit the misincorporation of ribonucleotides by high-fidelity DNA polymerases into genomic DNA . In contrast , low-fidelity Escherichia coli DNA polymerase V ( pol V ) has relatively poor sugar discrimination and frequently misincorporates ribonucleotides . Substitution of a steri... | Most DNA polymerases differentiate between ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides quite effectively , thereby deterring insertion of nucleotides with the “wrong” sugar into chromosomes . Nevertheless , a significant number of ribonucleotides still get stably incorporated into genomic DNA . E . coli pol V is among the most inac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Removal of Misincorporated Ribonucleotides from Prokaryotic Genomes: An Unexpected Role for Nucleotide Excision Repair |
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ( CCHFV ) is a tick-borne virus capable of causing a severe hemorrhagic fever disease in humans . There are currently no licensed vaccines to prevent CCHFV-associated disease . We developed a DNA vaccine expressing the M-segment glycoprotein precursor gene of CCHFV and assessed its... | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic Fever Virus ( CCHFV ) is a tick-borne virus capable of causing lethal human disease against which there are currently no approved vaccines . In this study , we compared the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a candidate DNA vaccine expressing the glycoprotein precursor gene of CCHFV in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immunology",
"animal",
"models",
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"medicine",
"vaccines",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"anti... | 2017 | A DNA vaccine for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever protects against disease and death in two lethal mouse models |
Pheromones are secreted molecules that mediate animal communications . These olfactory signals can have substantial effects on physiology and likely play important roles in organismal survival in natural habitats . Here we show that a blend of two ascaroside pheromones produced by C . elegans males primes the female re... | The Caenorhabditis elegans metabolome contains over a hundred ascaroside molecules . Most of them have no known function , or no function at all , but some act as pheromones . Two of these molecules , ascr#10 and ascr#3 , are produced in different proportions by males and hermaphrodites . We report that when a hermaphr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Sex Pheromones of C. elegans Males Prime the Female Reproductive System and Ameliorate the Effects of Heat Stress |
The prevention and control of dengue rely mainly on vector control methods , including indoor residual spraying ( IRS ) and indoor space spraying ( ISS ) . This study aimed to systematically review the available evidence on community effectiveness of indoor spraying . A systematic review was conducted using seven datab... | The effectiveness of indoor residual spraying ( IRS ) and indoor space spraying ( ISS ) as dengue vector control methods depends on many factors . This study aims to systematically review the evidence on the community effectiveness of indoor spraying of insecticides to reduce Aedes mosquito populations and thereby to c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methodology",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"database",
"searching",
"animals",
"age",
"groups",
"adults",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"insect",
"vectors",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"agrochemicals",
"aedes"... | 2017 | Community effectiveness of indoor spraying as a dengue vector control method: A systematic review |
Lysine specific demethylase-1 ( LSD1/KDM1A ) in complex with its corepressor protein CoREST is a promising target for epigenetic drugs . No therapeutic that targets LSD1/CoREST , however , has been reported to date . Recently , extended molecular dynamics ( MD ) simulations indicated that LSD1/CoREST nanoscale clamp dy... | Protein dynamics plays a major role in determining the molecular interactions available to molecular binding partners , including druggable hot spots . The LSD1/CoREST complex is one of the most relevant epigenetic targets discovered and was shown to be a highly dynamic nanoscale clamp using molecular dynamics simulati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"medicine",
"medicinal",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
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"drugs",
"and",
"devices",
"enzymes",
"chemical",
"biology",
"molecular",
"mechanics",
"histone",
"modification",
"protein",
"structure",
"epigenetics",
"biophysics",
"... | 2013 | Expanding the Druggable Space of the LSD1/CoREST Epigenetic Target: New Potential Binding Regions for Drug-Like Molecules, Peptides, Protein Partners, and Chromatin |
Transcription factors are grouped into families based on sequence similarity within functional domains , particularly DNA-binding domains . The Specificity proteins Sp1 , Sp2 and Sp3 are paradigmatic of closely related transcription factors . They share amino-terminal glutamine-rich regions and a conserved carboxy-term... | A major question in eukaryotic gene regulation is how transcription factors with similar structural features elicit specific biological responses . We used the three transcription factors Sp1 , Sp2 and Sp3 as a paradigm for investigating this question . All three proteins are ubiquitously expressed , and they share glu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Zinc Finger Independent Genome-Wide Binding of Sp2 Potentiates Recruitment of Histone-Fold Protein Nf-y Distinguishing It from Sp1 and Sp3 |
High-frequency oscillations ( above 30 Hz ) have been observed in sensory and higher-order brain areas , and are believed to constitute a general hallmark of functional neuronal activation . Fast inhibition in interneuronal networks has been suggested as a general mechanism for the generation of high-frequency oscillat... | Neurons in the brain engage in collective oscillations at different frequencies . Gamma and high-gamma oscillations ( 30–100 Hz and higher ) have been associated with cognitive functions , and are altered in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism . Our understanding of how high-frequency oscillations ar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Distance",
"Modulates",
"Firing",
"Synchrony",
"and",
"Subthreshold",
"Correlations",
"Effects",
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"Potential",
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"and",
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] | [
"circuit",
"models",
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"neuroscience",
"single",
"neuron",
"function",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2014 | Interplay of Intrinsic and Synaptic Conductances in the Generation of High-Frequency Oscillations in Interneuronal Networks with Irregular Spiking |
Presynaptic , electron-dense , cytoplasmic protrusions such as the T-bar ( Drosophila ) or ribbon ( vertebrates ) are believed to facilitate vesicle movement to the active zone ( AZ ) of synapses throughout the nervous system . The molecular composition of these structures including the T-bar and ribbon are largely unk... | Neurons communicate with each other through electrochemical impulses transmitted primarily at specialized intercellular junctions termed synapses . At each synapse , the primary site of synaptic vesicle fusion occurs at the active zone , an electron-dense presynaptic membrane with associated fibrillary matrix . Many ac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"neuroscience/motor",
"systems",
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"cell",
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"mechanisms",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"neuroscience/neurodevelopment",
"developmental",
"biol... | 2009 | Negative Regulation of Active Zone Assembly by a Newly Identified SR Protein Kinase |
During infection with the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii , the presentation of parasite-derived antigens to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is essential for long-term resistance to this pathogen . Fundamental questions remain regarding the roles of phagocytosis and active invasion in the events that lead to the process... | CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are critical for controlling many infections . To generate a T cell response during infection , T cells must encounter the microbial peptides that they recognize bound to MHC molecules on the surfaces of other cells , such as dendritic cells . It is currently unclear how dendritic cells acquire th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
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"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"toxoplasma",
"gondii",
"immune",
"activation",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"immune",
"suppressio... | 2014 | Parasite Fate and Involvement of Infected Cells in the Induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses to Toxoplasma gondii |
By modifying the nuclear genome of its host , the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens induces the development of plant tumours in which it proliferates . The transformed plant tissues accumulate uncommon low molecular weight compounds called opines that are growth substrates for A . tumefaciens . In the pathogen-i... | An ecological niche is defined , in a given environment , by the availability of nutritive resources , which can be specifically assimilated by certain living organisms to promote their proliferation . The bacterial pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens is able to engineer an ecological niche in the infected host via the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"biochemistry",
"macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"bacteria",
"molecular",
"biology",
"organisms",
"agrobacteria"
] | 2014 | Agrobacterium Uses a Unique Ligand-Binding Mode for Trapping Opines and Acquiring A Competitive Advantage in the Niche Construction on Plant Host |
Like many intracellular microbes , the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii injects effector proteins into cells it invades . One group of these effector proteins is injected from specialized organelles called the rhoptries , which have previously been described to discharge their contents only during successful invasi... | Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that infects warm blooded animals , including humans . In these hosts , Toxoplasma establishes a chronic infection in the brain , which the parasite accomplishes in part by injecting effector proteins , which manipulate many cellular processes , into cells it invades . Two... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"protozoan",
"infections",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"toxoplasmosis"
] | 2012 | Toxoplasma Co-opts Host Cells It Does Not Invade |
Climate change has differentially affected the timing of seasonal events for interacting trophic levels , and this has often led to increased selection on seasonal timing . Yet , the environmental variables driving this selection have rarely been identified , limiting our ability to predict future ecological impacts of... | Pied flycatchers are long-distance migrant birds that have advanced their timing of reproduction over the past decades in response to climate change . We studied selection on egg-laying date using a 31-year-long population study and found that in the first 20 years , early-reproducing birds had increasingly higher fitn... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Effects of Spring Temperatures on the Strength of Selection on Timing of Reproduction in a Long-Distance Migratory Bird |
Medical devices , such as contact lenses , bring bacteria in direct contact with human cells . Consequences of these host-pathogen interactions include the alteration of mammalian cell surface architecture and induction of cellular death that renders tissues more susceptible to infection . Gram-negative bacteria known ... | Bacteria must overcome host defenses to cause infection . This is especially true for corneal infections where bacteria must penetrate the epithelium in order to gain access to the stroma where bacteria can rapidly multiply , induce inflammation , and cause vision loss . Members of the Enterobacteriaceae commonly cause... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"eye",
"lens",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"ocular",
"anatomy",
"microbiology",
"toxicology",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"mutation",
"enterobacteriaceae",
"dna",
"construction",... | 2019 | Blowing epithelial cell bubbles with GumB: ShlA-family pore-forming toxins induce blebbing and rapid cellular death in corneal epithelial cells |
We compare the sets of experimentally validated long intergenic non-coding ( linc ) RNAs from human and mouse and apply a maximum likelihood approach to estimate the total number of lincRNA genes as well as the size of the conserved part of the lincRNome . Under the assumption that the sets of experimentally validated ... | Genome analysis of humans and other mammals reveals a surprisingly small number of protein-coding genes , only slightly over 20 , 000 ( although the diversity of actual proteins is substantially augmented by alternative transcription and alternative splicing ) . Recent analysis of the mammalian genomes and transcriptom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | The Vast, Conserved Mammalian lincRNome |
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) is a rodent-associated zoonosis caused by hantavirus . The HFRS was initially detected in northeast China in 1931 , and since 1955 it has been detected in many regions of the country . Global climate dynamics influences HFRS spread in a complex nonlinear way . The quantita... | China has the largest number of HFRS infections in the world ( 9045 cases in 2016 ) . Previous studies have found that HFRS infections are related to climate . However , the spatiotemporal distribution of the association between HFRS outbreaks at a large scale and global climate dynamics ( i . e . , over Eastern China ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"china",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"grasslands",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"plant",
"communities",
"random",
"variables",
"animals",
"mammals",
"covariance",
"geoinfo... | 2018 | Spatiotemporal variation of the association between climate dynamics and HFRS outbreaks in Eastern China during 2005-2016 and its geographic determinants |
Neocortical pyramidal neurons ( PNs ) receive thousands of excitatory synaptic contacts on their basal dendrites . Some act as classical driver inputs while others are thought to modulate PN responses based on sensory or behavioral context , but the biophysical mechanisms that mediate classical-contextual interactions ... | Pyramidal neurons ( PNs ) are the principal neurons of the cerebral cortex and therefore lie at the heart of the brain's higher sensory , motor , affective , memory , and executive functions . But how do they work ? In particular , how do they manage interactions between the classical “driver” inputs that give rise to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"neuronal",
"morphology",
"synapses",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"electrophysiology",
"single",
"neuron",
"function",
"physiology",
"biology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"neuroscience",
"neurophysiology"
] | 2012 | Location-Dependent Excitatory Synaptic Interactions in Pyramidal Neuron Dendrites |
Cryptosporidiosis causes life-threatening diarrhea in infants , but the best available treatment is only modestly efficacious . Rodents infected with relevant Cryptosporidium species do not develop diarrhea , which complicates drug development . Cryptosporidium parvum infection of dairy calves , however , causes an ill... | Cryptosporidiosis is an important cause of life-threatening diarrhea for young children and immunocompromised people , and Cryptosporidium parvum , one of the two main human Cryptosporidium pathogens , is also an important cause of diarrhea in dairy calves . Yet , there are no reliably effective drugs for treating cryp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"oocysts",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cryptosporidium",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"diarrhea",
"physiological",
"processes",
"apicomplexa",
"protozoan... | 2018 | Clinical and microbiologic efficacy of the piperazine-based drug lead MMV665917 in the dairy calf cryptosporidiosis model |
The initial contact of European populations with indigenous populations of the Americas produced diverse admixture processes across North , Central , and South America . Recent studies have examined the genetic structure of indigenous populations of Latin America and the Caribbean and their admixed descendants , report... | We collaborated with six indigenous communities in British Columbia and Southeast Alaska to generate and analyze genome-wide data for over 100 individuals . We then combined this dataset with existing data from populations worldwide , performing an investigation of the genetic structure of indigenous populations of the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"people",
"and",
"places",
"haplotypes",
"social",
"sciences",
"demography",
"genetics",
"anthropology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"gene",
"flow",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"human",
"genomics",
"indigenous",
"population... | 2014 | Patterns of Admixture and Population Structure in Native Populations of Northwest North America |
The Drosophila homolog of Casein Kinase I δ/ε , DOUBLETIME ( DBT ) , is required for Wnt , Hedgehog , Fat and Hippo signaling as well as circadian clock function . Extensive studies have established a critical role of DBT in circadian period determination . However , how DBT expression is regulated remains largely unex... | The CKI family of serine/threonine kinase regulates diverse cellular processes , through binding to and phosphorylation of a variety of protein substrates . In mammals , mutations in two members of the family , CKIε and CKIδ were found to affect circadian period length , causing phenotypes such as altered circadian per... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"molecular",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"gene",
"function",
"animal",
"models",
"cell",
"signaling",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"drosophila",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"gene",
"expression",
"insects... | 2014 | Translational Regulation of the DOUBLETIME/CKIδ/ε Kinase by LARK Contributes to Circadian Period Modulation |
Spx is a global transcriptional regulator present in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria , including the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis and various human pathogens . In B . subtilis , activation of Spx occurs in response to disulfide stress . We recently reported , however , that induction of Spx also occurs in response t... | Bacillus subtilis Spx is the founding member of a large family of redox-stress sensing transcriptional regulatory proteins , and Spx orthologs are important for oxidative stress and virulence in several Gram-positive pathogens . Spx controls a large regulon in response to disulfide stress . Disulfide stress induces the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"cell",
"walls",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"cell",
"processes",
"bacillus",
"microbiology",
"metabolic",
"proces... | 2018 | Stabilization of Bacillus subtilis Spx under cell wall stress requires the anti-adaptor protein YirB |
The C . elegans AWC olfactory neuron pair communicates to specify asymmetric subtypes AWCOFF and AWCON in a stochastic manner . Intercellular communication between AWC and other neurons in a transient NSY-5 gap junction network antagonizes voltage-activated calcium channels , UNC-2 ( CaV2 ) and EGL-19 ( CaV1 ) , in the... | Cell type diversity is important for the nervous system to function properly . Asymmetric differentiation of neurons along the left-right axis is one way to achieve diversity; however , the molecular mechanisms used to establish neuronal asymmetry are only partly understood . In the nematode C . elegans , the AWC senso... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | SLO BK Potassium Channels Couple Gap Junctions to Inhibition of Calcium Signaling in Olfactory Neuron Diversification |
The Tibetan grey wolf ( Canis lupus chanco ) occupies habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau , a high altitude ( >3000 m ) environment where low oxygen tension exerts unique selection pressure on individuals to adapt to hypoxic conditions . To identify genes involved in hypoxia adaptation , we generated complete genome ... | Understanding the genetic mechanisms that allow some individuals to live at high altitudes under hypoxic conditions can provide insight into the evolutionary constraints of adaptation to extreme conditions and the development of hypoxia-related disease in humans . The Tibetan grey wolf ( Canis lupus chanco ) has long e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Hypoxia Adaptations in the Grey Wolf (Canis lupus chanco) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
Hematopoietic progenitors undergo differentiation while navigating several cell division cycles , but it is unknown whether these two processes are coupled . We addressed this question by studying erythropoiesis in mouse fetal liver in vivo . We found that the initial upregulation of cell surface CD71 identifies develo... | Hematopoietic progenitors that give rise to mature blood cell types execute simultaneous programs of differentiation and proliferation . One well-established link between the cell cycle and differentiation programs takes place at the end of terminal differentiation , when cell cycle exit is brought about by the inducti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms"
] | 2010 | A Key Commitment Step in Erythropoiesis Is Synchronized with the Cell Cycle Clock through Mutual Inhibition between PU.1 and S-Phase Progression |
The 3-O-sulfotransferase ( 3-OST ) family catalyzes rare modifications of glycosaminoglycan chains on heparan sulfate proteoglycans , yet their biological functions are largely unknown . Knockdown of 3-OST-7 in zebrafish uncouples cardiac ventricular contraction from normal calcium cycling and electrophysiology by redu... | A highly complex environment at the cell surface and in the space between cells is thought to modulate cell behavior . Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are cell surface and extracellular matrix molecules that are covalently linked to long chains of repeating sugar units called glycosaminoglycan chains . These chains can b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | 3-OST-7 Regulates BMP-Dependent Cardiac Contraction |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen . Within macrophages , M . tuberculosis thrives in a specialized membrane-bound vacuole , the phagosome , whose pH is slightly acidic , and where access to nutrients is limited . Understanding how the bacillus extracts and incorporates nutrients from its host may ... | Tuberculosis ( TB ) is still responsible for nearly 1 . 3 million deaths annually . There is an urgent need to identify novel drug targets in the tubercle bacillus , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , in order to develop novel therapeutics . To proliferate inside its human host , and ensure its spreading , M . tuberculosis m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"&",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbial",
"metabolism",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exploits Asparagine to Assimilate Nitrogen and Resist Acid Stress during Infection |
Kupffer cells ( KCs ) represent the major phagocytic population within the liver and provide an intracellular niche for the survival of a number of important human pathogens . Although KCs have been extensively studied in vitro , little is known of their in vivo response to infection and their capacity to directly inte... | Leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that causes severe disease in humans with associated pathology in the spleen and liver . In experimental models of L . donovani infection , the hepatic response to infection is characterised by the presence of a focal mononuclear cell-rich inflammatory response ( a granuloma ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"immunology/antigen",
"processing",
"and",
"recognition",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"pathology/immunology"
] | 2010 | Dynamic Imaging of Experimental Leishmania donovani-Induced Hepatic Granulomas Detects Kupffer Cell-Restricted Antigen Presentation to Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells |
A recent drug interaction study reported that when azithromycin was administered with the combination of ivermectin and albendazole , there were modest increases in ivermectin pharmacokinetic parameters . Data from this study were reanalyzed to further explore this observation . A compartmental model was developed and ... | This paper describes the use of a modeling and simulation approach to explore a reported pharmacokinetic interaction between two drugs ( ivermectin and azithromycin ) , which along with albendazole , are being developed for combination use in neglected tropical diseases . This approach is complementary to more traditio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mathematics/statistics",
"pharmacology/drug",
"interactions"
] | 2008 | The Effect of Azithromycin on Ivermectin Pharmacokinetics—A Population Pharmacokinetic Model Analysis |
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