Split (3)

train · 24.8k rows

Search is not available for this dataset

article stringlengths 4.36k 149k	summary stringlengths 32 3.35k	section_headings listlengths 1 91	keywords listlengths 0 141	year stringclasses 13 values	title stringlengths 20 281
Plant intracellular immune receptors comprise a large number of multi-domain proteins resembling animal NOD-like receptors ( NLRs ) . Plant NLRs typically recognize isolate-specific pathogen-derived effectors , encoded by avirulence ( AVR ) genes , and trigger defense responses often associated with localized host cell...	Plants utilize a multilayered immune system to protect themselves against pathogens . One layer of innate immunity is controlled by intracellular immune receptors called disease resistance ( R ) proteins . Plant R proteins are powerful molecules capable of triggering host cell suicide thereby restricting pathogen growt...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "death", "plant", "science", "cell", "biology", "plant", "biology", "plant", "pathogens", "plant", "pathology", "biology", "molecular", "cell", "biology" ]	2012	Structure-Function Analysis of Barley NLR Immune Receptor MLA10 Reveals Its Cell Compartment Specific Activity in Cell Death and Disease Resistance
The plant immune receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 ( FLS2 ) is present at the plasma membrane and is internalized following activation of its ligand flagellin ( flg22 ) . We show that ENDOSOMAL SORTING COMPLEX REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORT ( ESCRT ) -I subunits play roles in FLS2 endocytosis in Arabidopsis . VPS37-1 co-localizes w...	Plants deploy plasma membrane immune receptors to survey their environment for potential threats . One of these receptors , FLAGELIN SENSING 2 ( FLS2 ) recognizes bacterial flagellin ( flg22 ) and thereby triggers a multitude of defense responses , enhancing immunity against infectious pathogens . Regulation of the sub...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	ESCRT-I Mediates FLS2 Endosomal Sorting and Plant Immunity
The necrotrophic fungus Stagonospora nodorum produces multiple proteinaceous host-selective toxins ( HSTs ) which act in effector triggered susceptibility . Here , we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the SnTox3-encoding gene , designated SnTox3 , as well as the initial characterization of...	The necrotrophic fungus Stagonospora nodorum produces multiple toxins that are effective in causing disease on wheat . Here , we report the characterization of the SnTox3-producing gene , designated SnTox3 , as well as the initial characterization of the SnTox3 protein . In order to verify the action of this toxin , we...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "plant", "biology/plant-biotic", "interactions", "pathology/molecular", "pathology" ]	2009	SnTox3 Acts in Effector Triggered Susceptibility to Induce Disease on Wheat Carrying the Snn3 Gene
Bacterial Rap family proteins have been most extensively studied in Bacillus subtilis , where they regulate activities including sporulation , genetic competence , antibiotic expression , and the movement of the ICEBs1 transposon . One subset of Rap proteins consists of phosphatases that control B . subtilis and B . an...	A phosphorelay signal transduction pathway regulates sporulation in numerous Bacillus species including the genetic model organism , B . subtilis , and the causative agent of anthrax , B . anthracis . Histidine kinases initiate the flow of phosphoryl groups along the phosphorelay pathway , which then shuttles them to a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biochemistry/molecular", "evolution", "biochemistry", "biophysics/structural", "genomics", "microbiology/microbial", "physiology", "and", "metabolism", "biochemistry/protein", "folding", "biochemistry/protein", "chemistry", "biophysics/experimental", "biophysical", "methods", "bioch...	2011	Structural Basis of Response Regulator Dephosphorylation by Rap Phosphatases
Non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes ( NTS ) cause a self-limited gastroenteritis in immunocompetent individuals , while children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria can develop a life-threatening disseminated infection . This co-infection is a major source of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa . However , the m...	Non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes ( NTS ) most frequently cause diarrheal disease , which is self-limiting . However , in sub-Saharan Africa , NTS is one of the most common causes of life-threatening bloodstream infections . Individuals with these bloodstream infections frequently have an underlying condition such as ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "host-pathogen", "interactions", "medical", "microbiology", "gastroenterology", "and", "hepatology", "microbial", "pathogens", "biology", "and", "life", "scien...	2014	Malaria Parasite Infection Compromises Control of Concurrent Systemic Non-typhoidal Salmonella Infection via IL-10-Mediated Alteration of Myeloid Cell Function
Large-scale genome-wide association results are typically obtained from a fixed-effects meta-analysis of GWAS summary statistics from multiple studies spanning different regions and/or time periods . This approach averages the estimated effects of genetic variants across studies . In case genetic effects are heterogene...	Large-scale genome-wide association studies are uncovering the genetic architecture of traits which are affected by many genetic variants . In such efforts , one typically meta-analyzes association results from multiple studies spanning different regions and/or time periods . Results from such efforts do not yet captur...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "hybrids", "(biology)", "variant", "genotypes", "alleles", "genetic", "mapping", "mathematics", "forecasting", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "genome", "analysis", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "mathematical", "and", "s...	2017	Meta-GWAS Accuracy and Power (MetaGAP) Calculator Shows that Hiding Heritability Is Partially Due to Imperfect Genetic Correlations across Studies
The development of multidrug-resistant viruses compromises antiretroviral therapy efficacy and limits therapeutic options . Therefore , it is an ongoing task to identify new targets for antiretroviral therapy and to develop new drugs . Here , we show that an indole derivative ( IDC16 ) that interferes with exonic splic...	Over the two decades highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) for the treatment of HIV infection has led to a significant decline in morbidity and mortality rates among HIV-infected individuals . HAART uses a combination of molecules that target the virus itself . However , naturally occurring and extensive genet...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "viruses", "biochemistry", "cell", "biology", "virology", "in", "vitro", "eukaryotes", "chemical", "biology" ]	2007	Small-Molecule Inhibition of HIV pre-mRNA Splicing as a Novel Antiretroviral Therapy to Overcome Drug Resistance
Diagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis in chronically infected adults is challenging but important , especially because long term infection of the bladder and urinary tract can have dire consequences . We evaluated three tests for viable infection: detection of parasite specific DNA Dra1 fragments , haematuria and pre...	The definitive test for schistosomiasis has been to detect parasite eggs in excreta . This is effective in children but as people age , it is difficult to find the eggs in spite of suspicion of infection . It also implies that adults have thrown off the infection , and therefore the infection is mainly one of children ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biology", "microbiology", "quantitative", "parasitology", "parasitology" ]	2012	Validation of a New Test for Schistosoma haematobium Based on Detection of Dra1 DNA Fragments in Urine: Evaluation through Latent Class Analysis
Plasmodium parasites must control cysteine protease activity that is critical for hepatocyte invasion by sporozoites , liver stage development , host cell survival and merozoite liberation . Here we show that exoerythrocytic P . berghei parasites express a potent cysteine protease inhibitor ( PbICP , P . berghei inhibi...	Plasmodium sporozoites are transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes to the vertebrate host . They migrate through the skin before entering blood vessels and being transported with the bloodstream to liver sinusoids . There the sporozoites transmigrate through Kupffer cells and several hepatocytes before they invade a final ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/protozoal", "infections", "cell", "biology" ]	2010	Exoerythrocytic Plasmodium Parasites Secrete a Cysteine Protease Inhibitor Involved in Sporozoite Invasion and Capable of Blocking Cell Death of Host Hepatocytes
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ( S . Typhimurium ) is a major intestinal pathogen of both humans and animals . Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 ( SPI-1 ) -encoded virulence genes are required for S . Typhimurium invasion . While oxygen ( O2 ) limitation is an important signal for SPI-1 induction under host co...	Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ( S . Typhimurium ) is a major intestinal pathogen of both humans and animals . Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 ( SPI-1 ) is required for host cell invasion by S . Typhimurium . Expression of SPI-1 genes is induced by low oxygen ( O2 ) tension under host conditions , but the re...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "gene", "regulation", "pathogens", "biological", "cultures", "microbiology", "bacterial", "diseases", "mutation", "regulator", "genes", "enterobacteriaceae", "gene", "types", "caco-2", ...	2017	Signal transduction pathway mediated by the novel regulator LoiA for low oxygen tension induced Salmonella Typhimurium invasion
The classic model of eukaryotic gene expression requires direct spatial contact between a distal enhancer and a proximal promoter . Recent Chromosome Conformation Capture ( 3C ) studies show that enhancers and promoters are embedded in a complex network of looping interactions . Here we use a polymer model of chromatin...	In eukaryotes , enhancers directly contact promoters over large genomic distances to regulate gene expression . Characterizing the principles underlying these long-range enhancer-promoter contacts is crucial for a full understanding of gene expression . Recent experimental mapping of chromosomal interactions by the Hi-...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "enhancer", "elements", "gene", "expression", "gene", "regulation", "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "biophysics" ]	2014	Chromatin Loops as Allosteric Modulators of Enhancer-Promoter Interactions
Cells sense external concentrations and , via biochemical signaling , respond by regulating the expression of target proteins . Both in signaling networks and gene regulation there are two main mechanisms by which the concentration can be encoded internally: amplitude modulation ( AM ) , where the absolute concentratio...	Signals , and hence information , can generally be transmitted either by amplitude ( AM ) or frequency ( FM ) modulation , as used , for example , in the transmission of radio waves since the 1930s . Both types of modulation are known to play a role in biology with AM conventionally associated with signaling and gene e...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Accurate Encoding and Decoding by Single Cells: Amplitude Versus Frequency Modulation
Taenia solium , a parasitic cestode that affects humans and pigs , is the leading cause of preventable epilepsy in the developing world . T . solium eggs are released into the environment through the stool of humans infected with an adult intestinal tapeworm ( a condition called taeniasis ) , and cause cysticercosis wh...	Taenia solium , commonly known as the pork tapeworm , is a parasite that affects humans and pigs . It has a disproportionate impact on low and middle income countries , and is most common in rural areas where free-ranging domestic pigs are common , and access to sanitation is limited . Pigs acquire cysticercosis , the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "livestock", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "global", "positioning", "system", "engineering", "and", "technology", "cancer", "treatment", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "vertebrates", "radii", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "mammals", ...	2016	GPS Tracking of Free-Ranging Pigs to Evaluate Ring Strategies for the Control of Cysticercosis/Taeniasis in Peru
Dengue is a public health concern across the globe , and an escalating problem in the Americas . As part of a wider programme ( covering Latin America and South East Asia ) to characterize the epidemiology of dengue in dengue endemic areas , we undertook a systematic literature review to assess epidemiological trends (...	Dengue disease is a mosquito-borne viral illness and is a major health concern in the Americas . We conducted a literature analysis and review to describe the epidemiology of dengue in the French Territories of the Americas ( FTA ) , comprising French Guiana , Guadeloupe , Martinique , Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "plant", "science", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "plant", "pathology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences" ]	2014	Recent Epidemiological Trends of Dengue in the French Territories of the Americas (2000–2012): A Systematic Literature Review
Human cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts and globally is one of the most important congenital infections . The nucleoside analogue ganciclovir ( GCV ) , which requires initial phosphorylation by the viral UL97 kinase , is the mainstay for treat...	Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) remains a cause of disease in individuals with weakened immune systems such as patients undergoing organ transplantation . The mainstay of treatment for CMV is ganciclovir: a CMV-specific drug that looks like a building block of the viral DNA and which requires activation by a protein contained ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "intracellular", "pathogens", "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "antiviral", "therapy", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "cytomegalovirus", "infec...	2017	Novel decay dynamics revealed for virus-mediated drug activation in cytomegalovirus infection
A defining feature of centromeres is the presence of the histone H3 variant CENP-A that replaces H3 in a subset of centromeric nucleosomes . In Drosophila cultured cells CENP-A deposition at centromeres takes place during the metaphase stage of the cell cycle and strictly depends on the presence of its specific chapero...	Segregation of DNA during mitosis is a highly regulated process necessary to ensure the faithful transmission of genetic material to new daughter cells . Centromeric chromatin , which is defined by the presence of the histone H3 variant CENP-A , mediates the interaction of chromosomes with the spindle apparatus . In mo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "nuclear", "staining", "microtubules", "chromosome", "structure", "and", "function", "centromeres", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "animals", "animal", "models", "mitosis", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organi...	2019	The checkpoint protein Zw10 connects CAL1-dependent CENP-A centromeric loading and mitosis duration in Drosophila cells
Apolipoprotein E ( ApoE ) belongs to a class of cellular proteins involved in lipid metabolism . ApoE is a polymorphic protein produced primarily in macrophages and astrocytes . Different isoforms of ApoE have been associated with susceptibility to various diseases including Alzheimer’s and cardiovascular diseases . Ap...	Apolipoprotein E ( ApoE ) has been shown to play an important role in lipid metabolism , progression of cardiovascular and Alzheimer’s disease , and the pathogenesis of several infectious diseases such as HIV-1 . However , how ApoE affects HIV-1 replication remained obscure . Here , we show that ApoE is an HIV-1-induci...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "lysosomes", "immune", "cells", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "293t", "cells", "pathogens", "gene", "regulation", "biological", "cultures", "immunology", "microbiology", "cloning", "retroviruses"...	2018	Apolipoprotein E is an HIV-1-inducible inhibitor of viral production and infectivity in macrophages
Optimizing amino acid conformation and identity is a central problem in computational protein design . Protein design algorithms must allow realistic protein flexibility to occur during this optimization , or they may fail to find the best sequence with the lowest energy . Most design algorithms implement side-chain fl...	Computational protein design is a promising field with many biomedical applications , such as drug design , or the redesign of new enzymes to perform nonnatural chemical reactions . An essential feature of any protein design algorithm is the ability to accurately model the flexibility that occurs in real proteins . In ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "algorithms", "biochemistry", "computer", "science", "proteins", "biophysic", "al", "simulations", "protein", "structure", "synthetic", "biology", "biology", "computational", "biology", "proteomics", "protein", "engineering", "macromolecular", "structure", "analysis" ]	2012	Protein Design Using Continuous Rotamers
Closely related pathogens may differ dramatically in host range , but the molecular , genetic , and evolutionary basis for these differences remains unclear . In many Gram- negative bacteria , including the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae , type III effectors ( TTEs ) are essential for pathogenicity , instrumental i...	Breakthroughs in genomics have unleashed a new suite of tools for studying the genetic bases of phenotypic differences across diverse bacterial isolates . Here , we analyze 19 genomes of P . syringae , a pathogen of many crop species , to reveal the genetic changes underlying differences in virulence across host plants...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "plant", "science", "plant", "biology", "biology", "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology", "microbiology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2011	Dynamic Evolution of Pathogenicity Revealed by Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of 19 Pseudomonas syringae Isolates
The molecular clock of neutral mutations , which represents linear mutation fixation over generations , is theoretically explained by genetic drift in fitness-steady evolution or hitchhiking in adaptive evolution . The present study is the first experimental demonstration for the molecular clock of neutral mutations in...	Mutations that have little influence on biological function are referred to as neutral mutations and frequently appear in molecular phylogenetic analyses . The fixation of neutral mutations in populations has been attributed to genetic drift in fitness-steady evolutionary processes or hitchhiking in adaptive evolution ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Molecular Clock of Neutral Mutations in a Fitness-Increasing Evolutionary Process
The transcription factor Myc plays a central role in regulating cell-fate decisions , including proliferation , growth , and apoptosis . To maintain a normal cell physiology , it is critical that the control of Myc dynamics is precisely orchestrated . Recent studies suggest that such control of Myc can be achieved at t...	The transcription factor Myc plays a critical role in regulating diverse cell-fate decisions , including growth , proliferation , and programmed cell death . Underscoring its importance , Myc expression is often found to be deregulated in cancers . However , the dynamic mechanism by which Myc is controlled by its upstr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Model", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "molecular", "biology/post-translational", "regulation", "of", "gene", "expression", "computational", "biology/synthetic", "biology", "cell", "biology/cell", "signaling", "mathematics", "cell", "biology/cell", "growth", "and", "division", "biochemistry/cell", "signaling", "an...	2008	Sensing and Integration of Erk and PI3K Signals by Myc
The emergence of highly chloroquine ( CQ ) resistant P . vivax in Southeast Asia has created an urgent need for an improved understanding of the mechanisms of drug resistance in these parasites , the development of robust tools for defining the spread of resistance , and the discovery of new antimalarial agents . The e...	The schizont maturation test ( SMT ) was developed to monitor drug resistance in malaria parasites . The SMT examines differences in the rate of parasite development when exposed to different drug concentrations , providing an estimate of drug efficacy . While the assay is effective when examining resistance in Plasmod...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "plasmodium", "vivax", "global", "health", "malaria", "infectious", "disease", "modeling", "parasitic", "diseases" ]	2012	An Analytical Method for Assessing Stage-Specific Drug Activity in Plasmodium vivax Malaria: Implications for Ex Vivo Drug Susceptibility Testing
The mitochondrial ( mt ) FoF1-ATP synthase of the digenetic parasite , Trypanosoma brucei , generates ATP during the insect procyclic form ( PF ) , but becomes a perpetual consumer of ATP in the mammalian bloodstream form ( BF ) , which lacks a canonical respiratory chain . This unconventional dependence on FoF1-ATPase...	Enzymes are catalysts that drive both a forward and reverse chemical reaction depending on the thermodynamic properties . FoF1-ATP synthase is a multiprotein enzyme that under normal physiological conditions generates ATP . However , when respiration is impeded , this rotary molecular machine reverses and hydrolyzes AT...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "protons", "blood", "serum", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "rna", "interference", "body", "fluids", "chemical", "compounds", "enzymes", "enzymology", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "phosphatases", "trypanosoma", "brucei", "gambiense", "pr...	2017	Trypanosoma brucei TbIF1 inhibits the essential F1-ATPase in the infectious form of the parasite
In land plants comparative genomics has revealed that members of basal lineages share a common set of transcription factors with the derived flowering plants , despite sharing few homologous structures . The plant hormone auxin has been implicated in many facets of development in both basal and derived lineages of land...	In flowering plants it is hypothesized the complexity and the robustness of the auxin transcriptional response could be generated by a large number of paralogs encoding components of this signaling network . Yet , it is not known whether alternative embryophyte body plans can be patterned with a simpler auxin transcrip...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	A Simple Auxin Transcriptional Response System Regulates Multiple Morphogenetic Processes in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
The mammalian prions replicate by converting cellular prion protein ( PrPC ) into pathogenic conformational isoform ( PrPSc ) . Variations in prions , which cause different disease phenotypes , are referred to as strains . The mechanism of high-fidelity replication of prion strains in the absence of nucleic acid remain...	Mammalian prion diseases were originally characterized by accumulation of protease-resistant prion protein ( PrPSc ) , often forming large amyloid deposits and fibrils . However , the apparent absence of protease-resistant PrPSc or amyloid fibrils in growing number of prion diseases raised several fundamental questions...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "chemistry", "biology" ]	2012	Small Protease Sensitive Oligomers of PrPSc in Distinct Human Prions Determine Conversion Rate of PrPC
Transposable elements ( TEs ) comprise a substantial portion of many eukaryotic genomes and are typically transcriptionally silenced . RNA–dependent RNA polymerase 2 ( RDR2 ) is a component of the RNA–directed DNA methylation ( RdDM ) silencing pathway . In maize , loss of mediator of paramutation1 ( mop1 ) encoded RDR...	Shoot apical meristems ( SAMs ) are ultimately responsible for generating all above-ground plant tissues . Recent studies highlighted the effects of chromatin remodeling on the expression of various genes important to SAM development . The transposons that comprise a substantial portion of many eukaryotic genomes are t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/epigenetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/plant", "genetics", "and", "gene", "expression" ]	2009	Loss of RNA–Dependent RNA Polymerase 2 (RDR2) Function Causes Widespread and Unexpected Changes in the Expression of Transposons, Genes, and 24-nt Small RNAs
The receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is expressed on the surface of cells of hematopoietic origin and has a pivotal role for the function of these cells in the immune response . Here we report that following infection of macrophages with mouse cytomegalovirus ( MCMV ) the cell surface expression of CD45 ...	Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) is a tenacious pathogen , which can be life-threatening for immunocompromised patients and immunologically immature newborns . The pathogenicity of HCMV is owed to a plethora of immunomodulatory functions that interfere with host defense mechanisms . Such viral functions can teach us abou...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "flow", "cytometry", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "enzymes", "293t", "cells", "pathogens", "immunology", "biological", "cultures", "enzymology", "microbiology", "ubiquitin", ...	2016	The Mouse Cytomegalovirus Gene m42 Targets Surface Expression of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase CD45 in Infected Macrophages
In the last four decades , the Asian tiger mosquito , Aedes albopictus , vector of several human arboviruses , has spread from its native range in South-East Asia to all over the world , largely through the transportation of its eggs via the international trade in used tires . Albania was the first country invaded in E...	Studying the genomes of invasive populations allows for the tracing of invasion processes . In this study , the authors have focused on the invasion of Albania , Italy and Greece by the Asian tiger mosquito , Aedes albopictus , one of the most successful invasive animal species worldwide , which in the last 40 years ha...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ]	[ "biogeography", "invertebrates", "species", "colonization", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "albania", "european", "union", "invasive", "species", "italian", "people", "population", "genetics", "geographical", "locat...	2019	Complex interplay of evolutionary forces shaping population genomic structure of invasive Aedes albopictus in southern Europe
During meiosis , self-inflicted DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) are created by the protein Spo11 and repaired by homologous recombination leading to gene conversions and crossovers . Crossover formation is vital for the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division and requires the RecA orth...	During meiosis , DNA is deliberately damaged by formation of double-strand breaks . Programmed breaks must be repaired for cell division to be completed . Break repair enables reciprocal exchange between parental chromosomes , and this exchange acts as a link between chromosomes before anaphase separation . These links...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "biochemistry", "yeast", "and", "fungi", "eukaryotes", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "saccharomyces" ]	2007	Excess Single-Stranded DNA Inhibits Meiotic Double-Strand Break Repair
BRCA1-associated breast and ovarian cancer risks can be modified by common genetic variants . To identify further cancer risk-modifying loci , we performed a multi-stage GWAS of 11 , 705 BRCA1 carriers ( of whom 5 , 920 were diagnosed with breast and 1 , 839 were diagnosed with ovarian cancer ) , with a further replica...	BRCA1 mutation carriers have increased and variable risks of breast and ovarian cancer . To identify modifiers of breast and ovarian cancer risk in this population , a multi-stage GWAS of 14 , 351 BRCA1 mutation carriers was performed . Loci 1q32 and TCF7L2 at 10q25 . 3 were associated with breast cancer risk , and two...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "biology" ]	2013	Genome-Wide Association Study in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Identifies Novel Loci Associated with Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk
Cure after treatment for human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) is assessed by examination of the cerebrospinal fluid every 6 months , for a total period of 2 years . So far , no markers for cure or treatment failure have been identified in blood . Trypanosome-specific antibodies are detectable in blood by the Card Aggl...	The 2 year follow-up period required after treatment of human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) patients is a major challenge for patients and control programmes alike . The patient should return every 6 months for lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid examination since , so far , no markers for cure have been identifi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "neurological", "disorders/infectious", "diseases", "of", "the", "nervous", "system" ]	2010	A CATT Negative Result after Treatment for Human African Trypanosomiasis Is No Indication for Cure
Current practice in the normalization of microbiome count data is inefficient in the statistical sense . For apparently historical reasons , the common approach is either to use simple proportions ( which does not address heteroscedasticity ) or to use rarefying of counts , even though both of these approaches are inap...	The term microbiome refers to the ecosystem of microbes that live in a defined environment . The decreasing cost and increasing speed of DNA sequencing technology has recently provided scientists with affordable and timely access to the genes and genomes of microbiomes that inhabit our planet and even our own bodies . ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results/Discussion" ]	[ "mathematics", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "ecology", "medical", "microbiology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "microbiology", "physical", "sciences", "biostatistics", "contingency", "tables", "statistical", "methods", "microbial", "ecology" ]	2014	Waste Not, Want Not: Why Rarefying Microbiome Data Is Inadmissible
An understanding of how pathogens colonize their hosts is crucial for the rational design of vaccines or therapy . While the molecular factors facilitating the invasion and systemic infection by pathogens are a central focus of research in microbiology , the population biological aspects of colonization are still poorl...	Like humans , pathogens have a demography . Within their hosts , they migrate , replicate , and die . Understanding these processes quantitatively can help designing vaccines and treatment by identifying vulnerabilities of the pathogen population . For most pathogens , however , quantitative information on how they rep...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	Lymph Node Colonization Dynamics after Oral Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Mice
Somite segmentation depends on a gene expression oscillator or clock in the posterior presomitic mesoderm ( PSM ) and on read-out machinery in the anterior PSM to convert the pattern of clock phases into a somite pattern . Notch pathway mutations disrupt somitogenesis , and previous studies have suggested that Notch si...	The somites—the embryonic segments of the vertebrate body—form one after another from tissue at the tail end of the embryo . A gene expression oscillator , the somite segmentation clock , operating in this tail region , marks out a periodic spatial pattern and so controls the segmentation process . Evidence from mutant...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "cell", "biology", "danio", "(zebrafish)", "vertebrates", "computational", "biology" ]	2008	Notch Signalling Synchronizes the Zebrafish Segmentation Clock but Is Not Needed To Create Somite Boundaries
The functionality of sensory neurons is defined by the expression of specific sensory receptor genes . During the development of the Drosophila larval eye , photoreceptor neurons ( PRs ) make a binary choice to express either the blue-sensitive Rhodopsin 5 ( Rh5 ) or the green-sensitive Rhodopsin 6 ( Rh6 ) . Later duri...	Controlling cellular diversity requires a complex interplay of transcription factors . Using the Drosophila larval eye as genetic model we identify distinct mechanisms of how binary cell fate decisions are made , how sensory receptor gene expression is regulated and how cell fate identity is switched during metamorphos...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Binary Cell Fate Decisions and Fate Transformation in the Drosophila Larval Eye
The uncertain option task has been recently adopted to investigate the neural systems underlying the decision confidence . Latterly single neurons activity has been recorded in lateral intraparietal cortex of monkeys performing an uncertain option task , where the subject is allowed to opt for a small but sure reward i...	Recently many studies began to investigate the brain signature of complex cognitive functions such as decision confidence , the feeling of certainty/uncertainty associated with a decision . To this aim , the uncertain option task has been widely adopted in order to assess the confidence in animals . In this study we pr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "decision", "making", "neural", "networks", "social", "sciences", "vertebrates", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "animals", "mammals", "primates", "cognitive", "psychology", "mathematics", "probability", "distribution", "cogniti...	2017	Multiple Choice Neurodynamical Model of the Uncertain Option Task
The evolutionarily-conserved sirtuin family of histone deacetylases regulates a multitude of DNA-associated processes . A recent genome-wide screen conducted in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified Yku70/80 , which regulate nonhomologous end-joining ( NHEJ ) and telomere structure , as being essential for cell...	Proliferating cells duplicate their genetic material via a highly-ordered process called DNA replication . Genetic lesions caused by a variety of environmental chemicals can inhibit DNA replication progression , thereby causing genetic abnormalities and cell death , as well as promoting the development of diseases such...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "cellular", "stress", "responses", "chromosome", "structure", "and", "function", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "dna-binding", "proteins", "dna", "damage", "telomeres", "fungi", "model", "organisms", "signaling", "cascades", "dna", ...	2018	An interplay between multiple sirtuins promotes completion of DNA replication in cells with short telomeres
Throwing is a uniquely human skill that requires a high degree of coordination to successfully hit a target . Timing of ball release appears crucial as previous studies report required timing accuracies as short as 1-2ms , which however appear physiologically challenging . This study mathematically and experimentally d...	Accurate target-oriented throwing is a uniquely human behavior that , together with tool use , has been critical in human evolution . As temporal resolution in the neuromotor system appears crucial , previous studies identified a required accuracy of up to 1ms for the ball release . These reports conflict with estimate...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "recreation", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "evolutionary", "biology", "sports", "engineering", "and", "technology", "manifolds", "signal", "processing", "limbs", "(anatomy)", "vertebrates", "neuroscience", "animals", "mammals", "noise", "reduction", "primates"...	2018	Exploiting the geometry of the solution space to reduce sensitivity to neuromotor noise
Given the current absence of specific drugs or vaccines for Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) , rapid , sensitive , and reliable diagnostic methods are required to stem the transmission chain of the disease . We have developed a rapid detection assay for Zaire ebolavirus based on reverse transcription-loop-mediated isotherma...	Rapid and accurate diagnostic tests are required to prevent transmission of Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) . Nucleic acid diagnostic tests are highly sensitive and specific for detecting the virus . The RT-LAMP assay using a portable platform equipped with a battery is a useful technique for detecting the virus in the fie...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "reverse", "transcriptase-polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "guinea", "sequencing", "techniques", "nucleic", "acid", "synthesis", "rna", "extraction", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "viruses", "rna", "amplification", "rna", "viruses", "molecular", "biology", ...	2016	Development and Evaluation of Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Assay Coupled with a Portable Device for Rapid Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea
We solved the crystal structure of a novel type of c-ring isolated from Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4 at 2 . 5 Å , revealing a cylinder with a tridecameric stoichiometry , a central pore , and an overall shape that is distinct from those reported thus far . Within the groove of two neighboring c-subunits , the conserved gl...	Like the wind turbines that generate electricity , the F1Fo-ATP synthases are natural “ion turbines” each made up of a stator and a rotor that turns , when driven by a flow of ions , to generate the cell's energy supply of ATP . The Fo motor rotates by reversible binding and release of coupling ions that flow down the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biochemistry/molecular", "evolution", "biophysics/macromolecular", "assemblies", "and", "machines", "biochemistry/protein", "folding", "biochemistry/protein", "chemistry", "biochemistry/macromolecular", "assemblies", "and", "machines", "biophysics/membrane", "proteins", "and", "en...	2010	A New Type of Proton Coordination in an F1Fo-ATP Synthase Rotor Ring
Immunity to non-cerebral severe malaria is estimated to occur within 1-2 infections in areas of endemic transmission for Plasmodium falciparum . Yet , nearly 20% of infected children die annually as a result of severe malaria . Multiple risk factors are postulated to exacerbate malarial disease , one being co-infection...	Nearly 1 million deaths occur annually as a result of complications associated with P . falciparum infection , with children younger than 5 being the most susceptible age group . Earlier studies have demonstrated that children co-infected with P . falciparum and Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) have impaired immune responses...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Gammaherpesvirus Co-infection with Malaria Suppresses Anti-parasitic Humoral Immunity
Australia’s iconic Great Barrier Reef ( GBR ) continues to suffer from repeated impacts of cyclones , coral bleaching , and outbreaks of the coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish ( COTS ) , losing much of its coral cover in the process . This raises the question of the ecosystem’s systemic resilience and its ability to...	Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is a large coral ecosystem consisting of more than 3 , 800 reefs . Coral populations inhabiting these reefs are connected by larvae that are dispersed by ocean currents . Modelling regional connectivity patterns reveals reefs that can act as prominent larval sources and supply larvae to o...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "classical", "mechanics", "mechanical", "stress", "marine", "biology", "animals", "bleaching", "developmental", "biology", "reef", "ecosystems", "echinoderms", "starfish", "coral", "reefs", "oceanography", "e...	2017	Connectivity and systemic resilience of the Great Barrier Reef
Influenza A virus ( IAV ) defective RNAs are generated as byproducts of error-prone viral RNA replication . They are commonly derived from the larger segments of the viral genome and harbor deletions of various sizes resulting in the generation of replication incompatible viral particles . Furthermore , small subgenomi...	Error-prone polymerase function of RNA viruses can result in expression of defective RNAs harboring internal deletions of various sizes . Small subgenomic RNAs are strong inducers of the antiviral response by serving as pathogen-associated patterns that are predominantly detected by cellular sensors . Recently , it has...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Evidence for a Novel Mechanism of Influenza Virus-Induced Type I Interferon Expression by a Defective RNA-Encoded Protein
Fusion protein RUNX1-ETO ( AML1-ETO , RUNX1-RUNX1T1 ) is expressed as the result of the 8q22;21q22 translocation [t ( 8;21 ) ] , which is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities found in acute myeloid leukemia . RUNX1-ETO is thought to promote leukemia development through the aberrant regulation of RUNX1 ( AML...	The 8;21 translocation is one of the most common genetic abnormalities present in acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) . This translocation causes expression of the fusion gene RUNX1-ETO and its splicing isoforms . RUNX1-ETO proteins then reprogram the transcriptional landscape of the cell and cooperate with further mutation...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Cooperation between RUNX1-ETO9a and Novel Transcriptional Partner KLF6 in Upregulation of Alox5 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Exposure to endocrine disruptors is associated with developmental defects . One compound of concern , to which humans are widely exposed , is bisphenol A ( BPA ) . In model organisms , BPA exposure is linked to metabolic disorders , infertility , cancer , and behavior anomalies . Recently , BPA exposure has been linked...	BPA is a widely used compound to which humans are exposed , and recent studies have demonstrated the association between exposure and adverse developmental outcomes in both animal models and humans . Unfortunately , exact mechanisms of BPA–induced health abnormalities are unclear , and elucidation of these relevant bio...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biology" ]	2013	Bisphenol A Exposure Disrupts Genomic Imprinting in the Mouse
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes devastating infections in immunocompromised individuals . Once established , P . aeruginosa infections become incredibly difficult to treat due to the development of antibiotic tolerant , aggregated communities known as biofilms . A hyper-biofilm forming clinical variant of P . aeruginosa ...	Bacteria evolve rapidly , which can often lead to the development of unique traits better suited for survival in a harsh environment . This phenomenon can be observed in the human host environment during infection with the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa , which is particularly prone to diversification . One variant of...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "and", "discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "bacteriology", "biofilms", "innate", "immune", "system", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "reactive", "oxygen", "species", "immune", "cells", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "respiratory", "infections", ...	2018	Pseudomonas aeruginosa rugose small-colony variants evade host clearance, are hyper-inflammatory, and persist in multiple host environments
Medically-induced coma is a drug-induced state of profound brain inactivation and unconsciousness used to treat refractory intracranial hypertension and to manage treatment-resistant epilepsy . The state of coma is achieved by continually monitoring the patient's brain activity with an electroencephalogram ( EEG ) and ...	Brain-machine interfaces ( BMI ) for closed-loop control of anesthesia have the potential to enable fully automated and precise control of brain states in patients requiring anesthesia care . Medically-induced coma is one such drug-induced state in which the brain is profoundly inactivated and unconscious and the elect...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	A Brain-Machine Interface for Control of Medically-Induced Coma
Because the success of deworming programs targeting soil-transmitted helminths ( STHs ) is evaluated through the periodically assessment of prevalence and infection intensities , the use of the correct diagnostic method is of utmost importance . The STH community has recently published for each phase of a deworming pro...	To control the burden caused by intestinal worms , the World Health Organization recommends large-scale deworming programs where anti-worm drugs are administered to at-risk populations . The decision to scale down drug distribution is based on the periodically assessment of prevalence and intensity of infections using ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methodology", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "helminths", "tropical", "diseases", "hookworms", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "ascaris", "ascaris", "lumbricoides", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "extraction", "techniques", "research", "and", "analy...	2019	Diagnostic performance of a single and duplicate Kato-Katz, Mini-FLOTAC, FECPAKG2 and qPCR for the detection and quantification of soil-transmitted helminths in three endemic countries
Magnesium is one of the most abundant metal ions in living cells . Very specific and devoted transporters have evolved for transporting Mg2+ ions across the membrane and maintain magnesium homeostasis . Using genetic screens , we were able to identify the main players in magnesium homeostasis in the opportunistic patho...	Magnesium is the most abundant metal ion in cells , yet to grow they still need to maintain its concentration within acceptable parameters relying on transporters capable of importing or exporting magnesium . This is essential to allow cells to strive in varying conditions , whether the environment is rich in magnesium...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "chemical", "compounds", "nucleobases", "enzymes", "pathogens", "microbiology", "enzymology", "nucleotides", "staphylococcus", "aureus", "ribozymes", "physiological", "processes", "mutati...	2019	Genetic screens reveal novel major and minor players in magnesium homeostasis of Staphylococcus aureus
Adaptation is driven by natural selection; however , many adaptations are caused by weak selection acting over large timescales , complicating its study . Therefore , it is rarely possible to study selection comprehensively in natural environments . The threespine stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) is a well-studie...	Adaptation to novel environments is a keystone of evolution . There is only a handful of natural and experimental systems in which the process of adaptation has been studied in detail , and each studied system brings its own surprises with regard to the number of loci involved , dynamics of adaptation , extent of inter...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "organismal", "evolution", "genome", "evolution", "population", "genetics", "genome", "sequencing", "mutation", "speciation", "evolutionary", "adaptation", "molecular", "genetics", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "sequence", "analysis", "ge...	2014	Fast Evolution from Precast Bricks: Genomics of Young Freshwater Populations of Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus
Zika virus transmission dynamics in urban environments follow a complex spatiotemporal pattern that appears unpredictable and barely related to high mosquito density areas . In this context , human activity patterns likely have a major role in Zika transmission dynamics . This paper examines the effect of host variabil...	Zika spread in urban environments is characterized by complicated spatio-temporal patterns , likely linked not only to mosquito density but also to human activity patterns . We conducted a survey on Miami-Dade County residents on time spent outdoors . We then analyzed the Miami-Dade survey data and previously published...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "chikungunya", "infection", "pathogens", "vector-borne", "diseases", "microbiology", "tropical", "diseases", "animals", "...	2017	Host outdoor exposure variability affects the transmission and spread of Zika virus: Insights for epidemic control
Modification of proteins by SUMO is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity . During DNA replication , the Mms21-branch of the SUMO pathway counteracts recombination intermediates at damaged replication forks , thus facilitating sister chromatid disjunction . The Mms21 SUMO ligase docks to the arm region of t...	The modification of target proteins by conjugation to SUMO—a small protein that acts as a regulatory tag—is essential for maintaining the integrity of genomes in most eukaryotic organisms . One critical step during the attachment of SUMO is the activation of the enzymes that catalyze this reaction—E1 , E2 , and the SUM...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	ATPase-Dependent Control of the Mms21 SUMO Ligase during DNA Repair
Many pathogens exist in phenotypically distinct strains that interact with each other through competition for hosts . General models that describe such multi-strain systems are extremely difficult to analyze because their state spaces are enormously large . Reduced models have been proposed , but so far all of them nec...	Many important human pathogens , including HIV and influenza viruses , consist of many different “strains , ” which elicit distinct immune responses in their hosts . Infection by one variant usually triggers partial cross-immunity against several other variants . This process leads to a complicated and dynamic immunity...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Model", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology", "none", "infectious", "diseases", "ecology" ]	2007	On State-Space Reduction in Multi-Strain Pathogen Models, with an Application to Antigenic Drift in Influenza A
Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL or kala azar ) is the most serious form of human leishmaniasis , responsible for over 20 , 000 deaths annually , and post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis ( PKDL ) is a stigmatizing skin condition that often occurs in patients after successful treatment for VL . Lack of effective or appropriat...	Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease of poverty with global public health impact . Caused by species of the Leishmania parasite , it may manifest itself as slow to heal skin ulcers , metastatic disease affecting the mouth and nose or systemic disease affecting internal organs ( kala azar or visceral leishmaniasis ) . I...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "vaccines", "preventive", "medicine", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "cytotoxic", "t", "ce...	2017	A third generation vaccine for human visceral leishmaniasis and post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis: First-in-human trial of ChAd63-KH
Understanding the role of chromosomal inversions in speciation is a fundamental problem in evolutionary genetics . Here , we perform a comprehensive reconstruction of the evolutionary histories of the chromosomal inversions in Drosophila persimilis and D . pseudoobscura . We provide a solution to the puzzling origins o...	Studies on chromosomal inversions and reproductive isolation between Drosophila persimilis and D . pseudoobscura have played a profound role in shaping our understanding of inversions , speciation and selfish chromosomes . In this study , we reconstruct the evolutionary histories of chromosomal inversions in D . persim...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "taxonomy", "genome", "evolution", "population", "genetics", "chromosomal", "inversions", "computational", "biology", "phylogenetics", "data", "management", "speciation", "population", "biology", "computer", "and", "information", "sciences", "sex", "chromosomes", "genomics"...	2018	Ancestral polymorphisms explain the role of chromosomal inversions in speciation
Recent studies using cell culture infection systems that recapitulate the entire life cycle of hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) indicate that several nonstructural viral proteins , including NS2 , NS3 , and NS5A , are involved in the process of viral assembly and release . Other recent work suggests that Ser-168 of NS2 is a t...	Worldwide , more than 200 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) and thus at risk for fatal liver disease . New , virus-specific therapies are under development by the pharmaceutical industry that target aspects of virus entry and genome replication . However , the process of viral assem...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology/virion", "structure,", "assembly,", "and", "egress", "virology/viral", "replication", "and", "gene", "regulation", "virology" ]	2009	trans-Complementation of an NS2 Defect in a Late Step in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Particle Assembly and Maturation
We have previously shown that experimental infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is associated with changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis . Increased glucocorticoid ( GC ) levels are believed to be protective against the effects of acute stress during infection but result in depletion of CD4+CD8+ thymocyte...	It is currently estimated that 90 million people in America are exposed to T . cruzi infection , the causative agent of Chagas disease . Despite the mortality and morbidity , this infection is yet considered a neglected disease , due to the lack of effective , safe , and affordable pharmaceuticals for controlling it . ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Trypanosoma cruzi Disrupts Thymic Homeostasis by Altering Intrathymic and Systemic Stress-Related Endocrine Circuitries
Sister chromatid cohesion on chromosome arms is essential for the segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I while it is dispensable for sister chromatid separation during mitosis . It was assumed that , unlike the situation in mitosis , chromosome arms retain cohesion prior to onset of anaphase-I . Paradox...	In meiosis the life and health of future generations is decided upon . Any failure in chromosome segregation has a detrimental impact . Therefore , it is currently believed that the physical connections between homologous chromosomes are maintained by meiotic cohesin with exceptional stability . Indeed , it was shown t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "phosphorylation", "meiosis", "chromosome", "staining", "homologous", "chromosomes", "nuclear", "staining", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "fungi", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "epigenetics", "chromatin", ...	2019	Meiosis-specific prophase-like pathway controls cleavage-independent release of cohesin by Wapl phosphorylation
Genetic variation and rapid evolution are hallmarks of RNA viruses , the result of high mutation rates in RNA replication and selection of mutants that enhance viral adaptation , including the escape from host immune responses . Variability is uneven across the genome because mutations resulting in a deleterious effect...	Dengue viruses ( DENVs ) circulate in nature as a population of 4 distinct types , each with multiple genotypes and variants , and represent an increasing global public health issue with no prophylactic and therapeutic formulations currently available . Viral genomes contain sites that are evolutionarily stable and the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "immunology/antigen", "processing", "and", "recognition", "computational", "biology/sequence", "motif", "analysis", "microbiology/immunity", "to", "infections", "virology/vaccines", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "computational", "biology/comparative", ...	2008	Conservation and Variability of Dengue Virus Proteins: Implications for Vaccine Design
Organisms perceive changes in their dietary environment and enact a suite of behavioral and metabolic adaptations that can impact motivational behavior , disease resistance , and longevity . However , the precise nature and mechanism of these dietary responses is not known . We have uncovered a novel link between dieta...	Sleep is a fundamental biological process regulated by evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanisms . In this work , we demonstrate a novel link between gustatory perception of sugar and sleep patterning in D . melanogaster . The presence of low dietary sugar reduced the arousal threshold for waking , leading to repar...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "model", "organisms", "nutrition", "genetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "biology", "neuroscience", "metabolic", "disorders" ]	2012	Re-Patterning Sleep Architecture in Drosophila through Gustatory Perception and Nutritional Quality
The immune mechanisms underlying experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH ) , and more interestingly , the effect of T . cruzi chronic infection on the pathogenesis of this metabolic disorder are not completely understood . We evaluated immunological parameters in male C57BL/6 wild type and TLR4 deficient mice...	Chagas disease caused by the protozoan parasite T . cruzi is a neglected tropical disease widespread in Latin America , and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis constitutes a prominent health concern with increasing incidence of obesity and diabetes worldwide . Parasitic infection induced marked metabolic changes , improved i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Is a Potent Risk Factor for Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Enhancing Local and Systemic Inflammation Associated with Strong Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Disorders
Alternative cassette exons are known to originate from two processes—exonization of intronic sequences and exon shuffling . Herein , we suggest an additional mechanism by which constitutively spliced exons become alternative cassette exons during evolution . We compiled a dataset of orthologous exons from human and mou...	Alternative splicing is believed to play a major role in the creation of transcriptomic diversification leading to higher order of organismal complexity , especially in mammals . As much as 80% of human genes generate more than one type of mRNA by alternative splicing . Thus , alternative splicing can bridge the low nu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "molecular", "biology", "animals" ]	2007	The “Alternative” Choice of Constitutive Exons throughout Evolution
Many aerobic organisms encounter oxygen-deprived environments and thus must have adaptive mechanisms to survive such stress . It is important to understand how mitochondria respond to oxygen deprivation given the critical role they play in using oxygen to generate cellular energy . Here we examine mitochondrial stress ...	Oxygen deprivation plays a role in multiple human diseases ranging from heart attack , ischemic stroke , and traumatic injury . Aerobic organisms use oxygen to generate cellular energy in mitochondria; thus , oxygen deprivation results in energy depletion . Low oxygen can be catastrophic in tissues like the nervous sys...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Anoxia-Reoxygenation Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics through the Hypoxia Response Pathway, SKN-1/Nrf, and Stomatin-Like Protein STL-1/SLP-2
Aedes-borne arboviruses have emerged as an important public health problem worldwide and , in Mozambique , the number of cases and its geographical spread have been growing . However , information on the occurrence , distribution and ecology of Aedes aegypti and Ae . albopictus mosquitoes remain poorly known in the cou...	Dengue , chikungunya and Zika are a group of rapidly spreading mosquito-borne diseases worldwide . These arboviral diseases have received increasing attention in Mozambique as a consequence of recent dengue outbreaks , which occurred in the northern region . There has also been an increase in the number of cases of chi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "binders", "population", "dynamics", "geographical", "locations", "animals", "viruses", "developmental", "biology", "materials", "science", "population", "biology", "insect", "vectors", "africa", "infectious", "dis...	2018	Distribution and breeding sites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in 32 urban/peri-urban districts of Mozambique: implication for assessing the risk of arbovirus outbreaks
We have recently developed analysis methods ( GREML ) to estimate the genetic variance of a complex trait/disease and the genetic correlation between two complex traits/diseases using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) data in unrelated individuals . Here we use analytical derivations and simulations to...	Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have identified thousands of genetic variants for hundreds of traits and diseases . However , the genetic variants discovered from GWAS only explained a small fraction of the heritability , resulting in the question of “missing heritability” . We have recently developed approach...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "and", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "mathematics", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "genome", "analysis", "heredity", "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "quantitative", "traits", "computational", "biology", "physical", "sciences", "genetics", "of", "dise...	2014	Statistical Power to Detect Genetic (Co)Variance of Complex Traits Using SNP Data in Unrelated Samples
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) , a neglected tropical disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue , is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans and is the third most common mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis and leprosy . While there is a strong association of the occurrence of the disease with stagnant or slow flowing water bodies...	Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans which affects mainly children in West Africa . Although it is commonly believed that the infection originates from an environmental source , both the reservoir of M . ulcerans and the mode of transmission to human patients remain to be...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "dermatology", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "bacterial", "diseases", "skin", "infections", "aquatic", "environments", "emerging", "i...	2014	Mycobacterium ulcerans Persistence at a Village Water Source of Buruli Ulcer Patients
Phase-amplitude coupling ( PAC ) , a type of cross-frequency coupling ( CFC ) where the phase of a low-frequency rhythm modulates the amplitude of a higher frequency , is becoming an important indicator of information transmission in the brain . However , the neurobiological mechanisms underlying its generation remain ...	For many decades , the study of oscillatory brain activity focused on the separate analysis of its different frequency bands ( from delta to gamma ) . However , neurons , and neuronal populations are nonlinear systems , and a sinusoidal input will produce new frequency components in their output . This induces cross-fr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "neural", "networks", "engineering", "and", "technology", "antigen-presenting", "cells", "signal", "processing", "immunology", "membrane", "potential", "brain", "electrophysiology", "electrophysiology", "neuroscien...	2016	Topology, Cross-Frequency, and Same-Frequency Band Interactions Shape the Generation of Phase-Amplitude Coupling in a Neural Mass Model of a Cortical Column
Phlebotomine sand flies are known to transmit Leishmania parasites , bacteria and viruses that affect humans and animals in many countries worldwide . Precise sand fly identification is essential to prevent phlebotomine-borne diseases . Over the past two decades , progress in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization...	Phlebotomine sand flies are known to transmit Leishmania parasites , bacteria and viruses that affect humans and animals in many countries worldwide . Algeria is among the top ten countries with the highest number of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases . To prevent the emergence of leishmaniasis and to establish vector contr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2016	Identification of Algerian Field-Caught Phlebotomine Sand Fly Vectors by MALDI-TOF MS
In order to maintain homeostasis , mature cells removed from the top compartment of hierarchical tissues have to be replenished by means of differentiation and self-renewal events happening in the more primitive compartments . As each cell division is associated with a risk of mutation , cell division patterns have to ...	Cells in multicellular organisms are organized hierarchically . A stem cell gives rise to a chain of dividing and progressively differentiating offspring . At the end of this chain ( called a lineage ) are terminally differentiated cells that perform their function and undergo programmed cell death , to be replaced by ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "cell", "division", "analysis", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "cell", "differentiation", "oncology", "physiological", "processes", "developmental", "biology", "h...	2018	Optimizing homeostatic cell renewal in hierarchical tissues
Malaria is caused by infection with intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Plasmodium that are transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes . Although a variety of anti-parasite effector genes have been identified in anopheline mosquitoes , little is known about the signaling pathways that regulate these responses during paras...	To date , malaria remains an enormous public health burden , especially in developing countries . New strategies , including integrated vector management in combination with current conventional malaria control efforts such as drug treatment and bednet usage , could synergistically reduce malaria transmission . However...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "microbiology/parasitology", "physiology/immune", "response", "immunology/innate", "immunity", "cell", "biology/cell", "signaling" ]	2009	MAPK ERK Signaling Regulates the TGF-β1-Dependent Mosquito Response to Plasmodium falciparum
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic regulator of gene expression . Recent studies have revealed widespread associations between genetic variation and methylation levels . However , the mechanistic links between genetic variation and methylation remain unclear . To begin addressing this gap , we collected methyla...	DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that contributes to many biological processes including the regulation of gene expression . Genetic variation has been associated with quantitative changes in DNA methylation ( meQTLs ) . We identified thousands of meQTLs using an assay that allowed us to measure methylat...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biochemistry", "genome", "expression", "analysis", "genomics", "cell", "biology", "chromosome", "biology", "genome", "analysis", "gene", "expression", "transcriptome", "analysis", "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "dna", "computational", "biology", "dna...	2014	Methylation QTLs Are Associated with Coordinated Changes in Transcription Factor Binding, Histone Modifications, and Gene Expression Levels
In natural environments , odors are typically mixtures of several different chemical compounds . However , the implications of mixtures for odor processing have not been fully investigated . We have extended a standard olfactory receptor model to mixtures and found through its mathematical analysis that odorant-evoked ...	Odorants are chemicals that bind to olfactory receptors , where they are transduced into electric signals . Although most natural olfactory stimuli are mixtures of several odorants , odor transduction has mainly been studied for pure odorants , and current models of odor transduction are inconsistent for mixtures . Her...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "fluorescence", "imaging", "olfactory", "receptors", "honey", "bees", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "animals", "animal", "models", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "odorants", "materials", "science", "experimental", "organism", ...	2018	Odorant mixtures elicit less variable and faster responses than pure odorants
Endemic Burkitt lymphoma ( eBL ) is primarily found in children in equatorial regions and represents the first historical example of a virus-associated human malignancy . Although Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) infection and MYC translocations are hallmarks of the disease , it is unclear whether other factors may contribut...	Burkitt lymphoma is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and affects primarily children of age 4–7 years . Historically , it was one of the first tumors associated with a virus ( EBV ) and bearing a translocation involving an oncogene , i . e . MYC . There are three distinct clinical variants of Burkitt lymphoma according to ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Distinct Viral and Mutational Spectrum of Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma
Cilia are highly conserved microtubule-based structures that perform a variety of sensory and motility functions during development and adult homeostasis . In humans , defects specifically affecting motile cilia lead to chronic airway infections , infertility and laterality defects in the genetically heterogeneous diso...	Cilia are small , specialized projections extending from a cell's surface that play key sensory and sometimes motility functions , such as generating fluid flow for clearing airways or sperm propulsion necessary for male fertility . Ciliary motility is defective in the inherited disease , Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ( P...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "animals", "dna", "transcription", "animal", "models", "developmental", "biology", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "drosophila", "cytoskeleton", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "...	2014	HEATR2 Plays a Conserved Role in Assembly of the Ciliary Motile Apparatus
Influenza viruses exhibit striking variations in particle morphology between strains . Clinical isolates of influenza A virus have been shown to produce long filamentous particles while laboratory-adapted strains are predominantly spherical . However , the role of the filamentous phenotype in the influenza virus infect...	Influenza viruses that have been cultivated in the laboratory usually produce particles that are spherical . However , viruses isolated from patients frequently produce long filamentous particles , as well as smaller elliptical particles that we term “bacilliform virions” . Long filaments may be important for cell-to-c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "macromolecular", "complex", "analysis", "rna", "viral", "envelope", "viral", "core", "nucleic", "acids", "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "virology", "macromolecular", "assemblies", "viral", "structure", "biology", "computational", "biology", "microbiology", ...	2013	Cryotomography of Budding Influenza A Virus Reveals Filaments with Diverse Morphologies that Mostly Do Not Bear a Genome at Their Distal End
Eukaryotic cells distinguish their chromosome ends from accidental DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) by packaging them into protective structures called telomeres that prevent DNA repair/recombination activities . Here we investigate the role of key telomeric proteins in protecting budding yeast telomeres from degradat...	Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein complexes that distinguish the natural ends of linear chromosomes from intrachromosomal double-strand breaks . In fact , telomeres are protected from DNA damage checkpoints , homologous recombination , or end-to-end fusions that normally promote repair of intrachromosomal DNA bre...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "molecular", "biology/dna", "repair", "molecular", "biology/recombination", "genetics", "and", "genomics/chromosome", "biology" ]	2010	Shelterin-Like Proteins and Yku Inhibit Nucleolytic Processing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Telomeres
Replication forks are vulnerable to wayward nuclease activities . We report here our discovery of a new member in guarding genome stability at replication forks . We previously isolated a Drosophila mutation , wuho ( wh , no progeny ) , characterized by a severe fertility defect and affecting expression of a protein ( ...	Accurate genome replication is essential for the transmission of genetic information , and this process is vulnerable to factors that can induce DNA damage or block replication . To avoid this and achieve genome stability , many enzymes need to coordinate their activities at the replication forks ( the area where the t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2016	Wuho Is a New Member in Maintaining Genome Stability through its Interaction with Flap Endonuclease 1
Hirschsprung disease ( HSCR ) is a congenital disorder characterized by aganglionosis of the distal intestine . To assess the contribution of copy number variants ( CNVs ) to HSCR , we analysed the data generated from our previous genome-wide association study on HSCR patients , whereby we identified NRG1 as a new HSCR...	Copy number variations ( CNVs ) are significant genetic risk factors in disease pathogenesis and represent an important portion of missing heritability for some human diseases , making their discovery essential for the identification of genes and risk factors for a wide range of diseases , including Hirschsprung diseas...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genome", "complexity", "heredity", "genetics", "biology", "genomics", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "complex", "traits" ]	2012	Genome-Wide Copy Number Analysis Uncovers a New HSCR Gene: NRG3
Estimation of the power spectrum is a common method for identifying oscillatory changes in neuronal activity . However , the stochastic nature of neuronal activity leads to severe biases in the estimation of these oscillations in single unit spike trains . Different biological and experimental factors cause the spike t...	Neuronal oscillations play a key role in normal behavior and during multiple pathological conditions . In this manuscript , we expose major biases and distortions which arise from the quantification of neuronal spike train oscillations . These , previously neglected , biases hinder the comparison of oscillations across...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Quantifying Spike Train Oscillations: Biases, Distortions and Solutions
Sigma factors control global switches of the genetic expression program in bacteria . Different sigma factors compete for binding to a limited pool of RNA polymerase ( RNAP ) core enzymes , providing a mechanism for cross-talk between genes or gene classes via the sharing of expression machinery . To analyze the contri...	Bacteria respond to changing environmental conditions by switching the global pattern of expressed genes . A key mechanism for global switches of the transcriptional program depends on alternative sigma factors that bind the RNA polymerase core enzyme and direct it towards the appropriate stress response genes . Compet...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "computer", "and", "information", "sciences", "cellular", "stress", "responses", "systems", "science", "mathematics", "cell", "biology", "gene", "regulatory", "networks", "gene", "expression", "genetics", "gene", "regulation", "biology", "and", "...	2014	A Model for Sigma Factor Competition in Bacterial Cells
Interactions among animals can result in complex sensory signals containing a variety of socially relevant information , including the number , identity , and relative motion of conspecifics . How the spatiotemporal properties of such evolving naturalistic signals are encoded is a key question in sensory neuroscience ....	Effectively processing information from a sensory scene is essential for animal survival . Motion in a sensory scene complicates this task by dynamically modifying signal properties . To address this general issue , we focus on weakly electric fish . Each fish produces a weak electrical carrier signal with a characteri...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "computational", "neuroscience", "biology", "computational", "biology", "sensory", "systems", "neuroscience" ]	2012	Coding Conspecific Identity and Motion in the Electric Sense
Control of human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) depends on CD8+ T cell responses that are shaped by an individual's repertoire of MHC molecules . MHC class I presentation is modulated by a set of HCMV-encoded proteins . Here we show that HCMV immunoevasins differentially impair T cell recognition of epitopes from the same vi...	Human cytomegalovirus is very widespread . It cannot be eliminated from the body . The health of its host depends on immune responses that are maintained for a lifetime . Virus-specific CD8-positive T cells recognize and kill infected cells before they can produce more virus . Infected cells are recognized because they...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "adaptive", "immunity", "immune", "cells", "major", "histocompatibility", "complex", "viral", "immune", "evasion", "nk", "cells", "immunity", "virology", "innate", "immunity", "t", "cells", "immunology", "cytomegalovirus", "infectio...	2013	Presentation of an Immunodominant Immediate-Early CD8+ T Cell Epitope Resists Human Cytomegalovirus Immunoevasion
Argentine hemorrhagic fever ( AHF ) is an endemo-epidemic disease caused by Junín virus ( JUNV ) , a member of the arenaviridae family . Although a recently introduced live attenuated vaccine has proven to be effective , AHF remains a potentially lethal infection . Like in other viral hemorrhagic fevers ( VHF ) , AHF p...	Argentine hemorrhagic fever ( AHF ) is an endemo-epidemic disease caused by Junín virus ( JUNV ) . Although a recently introduced live attenuated vaccine has proven to be effective , AHF remains a potentially lethal infection and JUNV is considered to be a potential biological weapon . Like other viral hemorrhagic feve...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology/effects", "of", "virus", "infection", "on", "host", "gene", "expression", "hematology/hematopoiesis", "virology/emerging", "viral", "diseases", "hematology/coagulation", "disorders" ]	2010	Junín Virus Infection of Human Hematopoietic Progenitors Impairs In Vitro Proplatelet Formation and Platelet Release via a Bystander Effect Involving Type I IFN Signaling
From 1990 to 2006 , fifty-five natural villages experienced at least one plague epidemic in Lianghe County , Yunnan Province , China . This study is aimed to document flea abundance and identify predictors in households of villages with endemic commensal rodent plague in Lianghe County . Trappings were used to collect ...	Yunnan province is located in southwest China . Plague is still a huge threat to the health of local people in Yunnan where plague epidemics had the most serious impacts than other provinces in China . The risk of plague outbreak is driven by rodent and flea populations . Our research team is conducting a study to iden...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/epidemiology", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases/epidemiology", "and", "control", "of", "infectious", "diseases" ]	2011	Predictors for Abundance of Host Flea and Floor Flea in Households of Villages with Endemic Commensal Rodent Plague, Yunnan Province, China
Primary open angle glaucoma ( POAG ) is a complex disease and is one of the major leading causes of blindness worldwide . Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified several common variants associated with glaucoma; however , most of these variants only explain a small proportion of the genetic risk . ...	The complex nature of primary-open angle glaucoma ( POAG ) has left researchers exploring the genetic architecture and searching for the missing heritability using a number of different study designs . Over the past decade , many studies have been conducted to explain the etiology of POAG; however , a high proportion o...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "sociology", "social", "sciences", "glaucoma", "eye", "diseases", "genome", "analysis", "eyes", "gene", "expression", "myopia", "consortia", "head", "genetic", "loci", "visual", "impairm...	2016	Epistatic Gene-Based Interaction Analyses for Glaucoma in eMERGE and NEIGHBOR Consortium
Degeneration of synaptic and axonal compartments of neurons is an early event contributing to the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases , but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear . Here , we demonstrate the effectiveness of a novel “top-down” approach for identifying proteins and functional path...	In diseases affecting the nervous system , such as Alzheimer's disease and motor neuron disease , the breakdown of synaptic connections between neurons is a critical early event , contributing to disease onset and progression . However , we still know very little about the molecular machinery present in synaptic and ax...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "cell", "death", "molecular", "neuroscience", "neurobiology", "of", "disease", "and", "regeneration", "spectrometric", "identification", "of", "proteins", "anatomy", "and", "physiology", "protein", "abundance", "neuroscience", "animal", "models", "drosophila",...	2012	Combining Comparative Proteomics and Molecular Genetics Uncovers Regulators of Synaptic and Axonal Stability and Degeneration In Vivo
Cancer aggressiveness and its effect on patient survival depends on mutations in the tumor genome . Epistatic interactions between the mutated genes may guide the choice of anticancer therapy and set predictive factors of its success . Inhibitors targeting synthetic lethal partners of genes mutated in tumors are alread...	Genomic alterations in tumors affect the fitness of tumor cells , controlling how well they replicate and survive compared to other cells . The landscape of tumor fitness is shaped by epistasis . Epistasis occurs when the contribution of gene alterations to the total fitness is non-linear . The type of epistatic geneti...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "cancer", "genomics", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "breast", "tumors", "cancer", "treatment", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "basic", "cancer", "research", "biomarkers", "epistasis", "oncology", "mutation", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "research", ...	2017	Epistasis in genomic and survival data of cancer patients
Mathematical models have been widely used to describe the collective movement of bacteria by chemotaxis . In particular , bacterial concentration waves traveling in a narrow channel have been experimentally observed and can be precisely described thanks to a mathematical model at the macroscopic scale . Such model was ...	The use of mathematical tools to describe self-organization of bacterial communities has raised a lot of interest since it permits a precise description of experimentally observed phenomena . In the last 40 years a hierarchy of mathematical models for the dynamics of a single bacterial population has been proposed . Th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results" ]	[ "fluorescence", "imaging", "cell", "motility", "mathematical", "models", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "centrifugation", "waves", "bacteria", "traveling", "waves", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "separation", "processes", "imaging", "techniques", "mathematic...	2016	Traveling Pulses for a Two-Species Chemotaxis Model
Immune genes are under intense , pathogen-induced pressure , which causes these genes to diversify over evolutionary time and become species-specific . Through a forward genetic screen we recently described a C . elegans-specific gene called pals-22 to be a repressor of “Intracellular Pathogen Response” or IPR genes . ...	Infection by microbial pathogens imposes selective pressure on animal and plant hosts . For this reason , host immune genes tend to vary in DNA sequence over evolutionary time and become ‘species-specific’ . In this work we describe a pair of species-specific genes called pals-22/pals-25 that promote resistance against...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "animal", "pathogens", "rna", "interference", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "caenorhabditis", "gene", "regulation", "pathogens", "microbiology", "animals", "animal", "models", "caenorhabditis", "ele...	2019	Antagonistic paralogs control a switch between growth and pathogen resistance in C. elegans
The human face is a complex assemblage of highly variable yet clearly heritable anatomic structures that together make each of us unique , distinguishable , and recognizable . Relatively little is known about the genetic underpinnings of normal human facial variation . To address this , we carried out a large genomewid...	The human face is made up of distinct yet related anatomic structures that together make both individuals and families recognizable . It is clear there is a strong genetic component to the human face , and though the genetics of the face have been studied for several years , there are relatively few genes known to impa...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "face", "replication", "studies", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "learning", "and", "memory", "face", "recognition", "perception", "multivariate", "analysis", "research", "design", ...	2016	Genomewide Association Study of African Children Identifies Association of SCHIP1 and PDE8A with Facial Size and Shape
Disruption of p53/Puma-mediated apoptosis protects against lethality due to DNA damage . Here we demonstrate the unexpected requirement of the pro-apoptotic p53-target gene Puma to mount a successful innate immune response to bacterial sepsis . Puma−/− mice rapidly died when challenged with bacteria . While the immune ...	Protection against fulminant , lethal bacterial sepsis requires a robust and rapid response from the neutrophil subclass of white blood cells . However , prolonged survival of these activated cells leads to organ damage . The cellular processes determining the optimal life span of neutrophils are not understood . The p...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "biology/cellular", "death", "and", "stress", "responses", "microbiology/innate", "immunity", "immunology/innate", "immunity", "infectious", "diseases/respiratory", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/bacterial", "infections" ]	2010	The p53-Target Gene Puma Drives Neutrophil-Mediated Protection against Lethal Bacterial Sepsis
Brome mosaic virus ( BMV ) protein 1a has multiple key roles in viral RNA replication . 1a localizes to perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) membranes as a peripheral membrane protein , induces ER membrane invaginations in which RNA replication complexes form , and recruits and stabilizes BMV 2a polymerase ( 2aPol ...	Positive-strand RNA viruses ( one-third of all virus genera ) transfer their genetic material between host cells as RNA of mRNA polarity , which are translated into proteins immediately upon entry . One immediate function of these proteins is to establish RNA replication compartments on intracellular membranes to copy ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology/viral", "replication", "and", "gene", "regulation", "biochemistry/membrane", "proteins", "and", "energy", "transduction" ]	2009	An Amphipathic α-Helix Controls Multiple Roles of Brome Mosaic Virus Protein 1a in RNA Replication Complex Assembly and Function
Understanding the ecological processes that are involved in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens by small mammals may aid adequate and effective management measures . Few attempts have been made to analyze the ecological aspects that influence pathogen infection in small mammals in livestock production systems . We d...	Some rodents and opossums can transmit zoonotic diseases , thereby causing economic losses and sanitary problems , including damage to livestock production systems worldwide . Identifying the factors affecting pathogen transmission will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved . In this study , t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "livestock", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "trichinella", "animals", "mammals", "marsupials", "farms", "bacteria", "bacterial", "pathogens", "medical", "m...	2017	Intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to pathogen infection in wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems
Maintenance of a healthy proteome is essential for cellular homeostasis and loss of proteostasis is associated with tissue dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease . The mechanisms that support proteostasis in healthy cells and how they become defective during aging or in disease states are not fully understood . Here...	The buildup of protein aggregates is deleterious to cellular function and can cause neurodegenerative disease . Healthy cells use a process known as autophagy to degrade aggregates and remove damaged proteins and organelles as needed . This process is particularly important in stem cells , which must clear damaged cell...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2019	FOXO3 directly regulates an autophagy network to functionally regulate proteostasis in adult neural stem cells
Although doxorubicin toxicity in cancer cells is multifactorial , the enzymatic bioactivation of the drug can significantly contribute to its cytotoxicity . Previous research has identified most of the components that comprise the doxorubicin bioactivation network; however , adaptation of the network to changes in doxo...	In the United States , acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) is the most common form of cancer among children . Although the survival rate of childhood leukemia is relatively high , those who do not respond to chemotherapy have very low prognostic outcome . Recent reports point to the critical role of metabolism in dete...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "leukemias", "pediatric", "oncology", "cancer", "treatment", "metabolic", "networks", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "hematologic", "cancers", "and", "related", "disorders", "oncology", "chemotherapy", "and", "drug", "treatment", "biology", "acute", "lymphob...	2011	A Switching Mechanism in Doxorubicin Bioactivation Can Be Exploited to Control Doxorubicin Toxicity
Person-to-person transmission is a key feature of human Nipah virus outbreaks in Bangladesh . In contrast , in an outbreak of Nipah virus in Malaysia , people acquired infections from pigs . It is not known whether this important epidemiological difference is driven primarily by differences between NiV Bangladesh ( NiV...	Nipah viruses cause outbreaks of severe human disease with high fatality rates . Different patterns of transmission have been associated with recurrent outbreaks caused by Nipah virus ( NiV ) in Bangladesh , where person-to-person transmission is a major pathway for human infection , compared to an outbreak in Malaysia...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "reverse", "transcriptase-polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "respiratory", "infections", "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "animals", "pulmonology", "mammals", "v...	2016	The Nature of Exposure Drives Transmission of Nipah Viruses from Malaysia and Bangladesh in Ferrets
Identifying functionally critical regions of the malaria antigen AMA1 ( apical membrane antigen 1 ) is necessary to understand the significance of the polymorphisms within this antigen for vaccine development . The crystal structure of AMA1 in complex with the Fab fragment of inhibitory monoclonal antibody 1F9 reveals ...	Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum causes more than 1 million deaths annually , and the development of a vaccine against this parasite is a major public health priority . Development of a vaccine is considered feasible because infection with malaria parasites induces protective immune responses , which include ant...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases", "plasmodium", "immunology", "microbiology", "biophysics" ]	2007	Structure of the Malaria Antigen AMA1 in Complex with a Growth-Inhibitory Antibody
Chemotherapy for leishmaniasis , a disease caused by Leishmania parasites , is expensive and causes side effects . Furthermore , parasite resistance constitutes an increasing problem , and new drugs against this disease are needed . In this study , we examine the effect of the compound 8 , 10 , 18-trihydroxy-2 , 6-dola...	Leishmaniasis is a global disease , which is treated with expensive compounds . Anti-leishmaniasis therapy causes severe side effects , and parasite resistance is often observed , which highlights the importance of discovering new drugs against its causal agent , the protozoan parasite Leishmania . Recently , the geogr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "immunology", "biology", "microbiology", "protozoology" ]	2012	Dolabelladienetriol, a Compound from Dictyota pfaffii Algae, Inhibits the Infection by Leishmania amazonensis
This systematic literature review describes the epidemiology of dengue disease in Mexico ( 2000–2011 ) . The annual number of uncomplicated dengue cases reported increased from 1 , 714 in 2000 to 15 , 424 in 2011 ( incidence rates of 1 . 72 and 14 . 12 per 100 , 000 population , respectively ) . Peaks were observed in ...	Dengue disease is a tropical and subtropical mosquito-borne viral illness , and is a major public health concern in all endemic countries . Our aim was to determine the impact of dengue disease on the Mexican population over time , and to identify future research priorities and challenges of the surveillance system . T...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "and", "occupational", "health", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "epidemiology" ]	2014	Epidemiological Trends of Dengue Disease in Mexico (2000–2011): A Systematic Literature Search and Analysis
Activity in neural circuits is spatiotemporally organized . Its spatial organization consists of multiple , localized coherent patterns , or patchy clusters . These patterns propagate across the circuits over time . This type of collective behavior has ubiquitously been observed , both in spontaneous activity and evoke...	The brain processes information with extraordinary efficiency , and can perform feats such as effortlessly recognizing objects from among thousands of possibilities within a fraction of a second . This is accomplished because the brain represents and processes information in a distributed fashion and in a dynamical way...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Discussion" ]	[ "biophysics/theory", "and", "simulation", "computational", "biology/computational", "neuroscience" ]	2009	Distributed Dynamical Computation in Neural Circuits with Propagating Coherent Activity Patterns

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.