Search is not available for this dataset
article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
values | title stringlengths 20 281 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chagas disease control campaigns relying upon residual insecticide spraying have been successful in many Southern American countries . However , in some areas , rapid reinfestation and recrudescence of transmission have occurred . We conducted a cross-sectional survey in the Bolivian Chaco to evaluate prevalence of and... | Despite significant gains in the reduction of the burden of Chagas disease in many South American countries , active transmission and significant burden remain in areas such as the Gran Chaco . High initial vector density , poor housing material , peridomestic infestation , insecticide resistance , and a lack of system... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Epidemiology of and Impact of Insecticide Spraying on Chagas Disease in Communities in the Bolivian Chaco |
Evolution of pathogen virulence is affected by the route of infection . Also , alternate infection routes trigger different physiological responses on hosts , impinging on host adaptation and on its interaction with pathogens . Yet , how route of infection may shape adaptation to pathogens has not received much attenti... | Pathogens enter their hosts through several routes , the most common being ingestion ( oral infection ) and breaches in the cuticle ( systemic infection ) . Several studies have shown that these infection routes strongly affect the evolution of pathogen virulence , though little attention has been given to the role of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Host Adaptation Is Contingent upon the Infection Route Taken by Pathogens |
During rest , the mammalian cortex displays spontaneous neural activity . Spiking of single neurons during rest has been described as irregular and asynchronous . In contrast , recent in vivo and in vitro population measures of spontaneous activity , using the LFP , EEG , MEG or fMRI suggest that the default state of t... | Neural networks , whether artificial or biological , consist of individual units connected together that mutually send and receive parcels of energy called spikes . While simply described , there is a vast space of possible implementations , instantiations , and varieties of neural networks . Some of these networks are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Synaptic Plasticity Enables Adaptive Self-Tuning Critical Networks |
Genetic variation contributes to host responses and outcomes following infection by influenza A virus or other viral infections . Yet narrow windows of disease symptoms and confounding environmental factors have made it difficult to identify polymorphic genes that contribute to differential disease outcomes in human po... | Host responses to an infectious agent are highly variable across the human population , however , it is not entirely clear how various factors such as pathogen dose , demography , environment and host genetic polymorphisms contribute to variable host responses and infectious outcomes . In this study , a new in vivo exp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"networks",
"animal",
"genetics",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"animal",
"models",
"mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility",
"model",
"organisms",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"biology",
"mouse",
"syste... | 2013 | Modeling Host Genetic Regulation of Influenza Pathogenesis in the Collaborative Cross |
Glutamatergic synapse size remodeling is governed not only by specific activity forms but also by apparently stochastic processes with well-defined statistics . These spontaneous remodeling processes can give rise to skewed and stable synaptic size distributions , underlie scaling of these distributions and drive chang... | Synaptic plasticity is widely believed to constitute a fundamental mechanism for altering network function . An ( implicit ) extension of this belief is an assumption that spontaneous changes in synaptic function should not occur to any significant degree . Where excitatory synapses are concerned , recent studies have ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Remodeling and Tenacity of Inhibitory Synapses: Relationships with Network Activity and Neighboring Excitatory Synapses |
To achieve systemic infection , bacterial pathogens must overcome the critical and challenging step of transmigration across epithelial barriers . This is particularly true for opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , an agent which causes nosocomial infections . Despite extensive study , details on the... | In normal situations , the mucosae constitute efficient barriers against the invasion of opportunistic pathogens . The bacteria inducing nosocomial infections take advantage of pre-existing pathological situations to cross the epithelium and spread in deeper tissues . The conditions on the host side permitting transmig... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa Transmigrates at Epithelial Cell-Cell Junctions, Exploiting Sites of Cell Division and Senescent Cell Extrusion |
Necroptosis is a highly pro-inflammatory mode of cell death regulated by RIP ( or RIPK ) 1 and RIP3 kinases and mediated by the effector MLKL . We report that diverse bacterial pathogens that produce a pore-forming toxin ( PFT ) induce necroptosis of macrophages and this can be blocked for protection against Serratia m... | Necroptosis is a pro-inflammatory mode of programmed cell death that is marked by the intentional disruption of host membranes and the release of pro-inflammatory cytosolic components into the milieu . Until just recently necroptosis was not appreciated to play a role during infectious disease . Herein , we demonstrate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Pore-Forming Toxins Induce Macrophage Necroptosis during Acute Bacterial Pneumonia |
Translational readthrough of stop codons by ribosomes is a recoding event used by a variety of viruses , including plus-strand RNA tombusviruses . Translation of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ( RdRp ) in tombusviruses is mediated using this strategy and we have investigated this process using a variety of in v... | Viruses use many different strategies to produce their proteins and some viral proteins are made with terminal extensions that confer unique properties . The polymerase that replicates the RNA genomes of tombusviruses is an extended version of another viral protein and is generated by a process called translational rea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | Multifaceted Regulation of Translational Readthrough by RNA Replication Elements in a Tombusvirus |
Dengue virus ( DENV ) is a human pathogen and its etiology has been widely established . There are many interactions between DENV and human proteins that have been reported in literature . However , no publicly accessible resource for efficiently retrieving the information is yet available . In this study , we mined al... | The ‘Dengue Human Interaction Database’ , called DenHunt , available at http://proline . biochem . iisc . ernet . in/DenHunt/ was created to catalog all interactions between dengue viral and human components published in peer-reviewed literature . There are three types of dengue-human molecular interactions in the data... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"viral",
"components",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"protein",
"interactions",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"net... | 2016 | DenHunt - A Comprehensive Database of the Intricate Network of Dengue-Human Interactions |
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma ( ATL ) is a mature T-cell neoplasia etiologically linked to HTLV-1 . Manifestations of ATL are diverse and different clinical types with different tissue involvement and aggressiveness have been described . The mechanisms that lead to the development of ATL clinical types have not yet be... | Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma ( ATL ) is a severe neoplasia caused by a retrovirus named human T cell lymphotropic virus type-1 ( HTLV-1 ) . There are 5 to 10 million carriers worldwide , but only 2% to 5% will manifest ATL . The patients present different clinical and laboratory features . Therefore , this neoplasia ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Microsatellite Alterations Are also Present in the Less Aggressive Types of Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma |
Dengue is a mosquito-borne virus that causes extensive morbidity and economic loss in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world . Often present in cities , dengue virus is rapidly spreading due to urbanization , climate change and increased human movements . Dengue cases are often heterogeneously distributed t... | Dengue virus is rapidly spreading throughout tropical and subtropical regions worldwide , possibly aided by environmental change , urbanization and/or increase in human mobility . Already present in 120 countries , dengue virus causes extensive disease burden and generates large economic costs . As dengue is mosquito-b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"binders",
"pathogens",
"neighborhoods",
"geographical",
"locations",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"census",
"ani... | 2017 | Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of dengue transmission in an urban setting: An ecological study in Nouméa, New Caledonia |
H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza ( HPAI ) viruses have seriously affected the Asian poultry industry since their recurrence in 2003 . The viruses pose a threat of emergence of a global pandemic influenza through point mutation or reassortment leading to a strain that can effectively transmit among humans . In thi... | H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza ( HPAI ) virus emerged in China in 1996 , and has spread beyond Asia since 2003 . Following the first outbreak reported in Indonesian poultry farms in December 2003 , the virus spilled over to 27 Indonesian provinces by June 2006 , and became endemic in the country . In the follow... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2008 | Evolutionary and Transmission Dynamics of Reassortant H5N1 Influenza Virus in Indonesia |
Practical application of genomic-based risk stratification to clinical diagnosis is appealing yet performance varies widely depending on the disease and genomic risk score ( GRS ) method . Celiac disease ( CD ) , a common immune-mediated illness , is strongly genetically determined and requires specific HLA haplotypes ... | Celiac disease ( CD ) is a common immune-mediated illness , affecting approximately 1% of the population in Western countries but the diagnostic process remains sub-optimal . The development of CD is strongly dependent on specific human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) genes , and HLA testing to identify CD susceptibility is ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"mathematics",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"personalized",
"medicine",
"statistics",
"celiac",
"disease",
"biology",
"genomics",
"biostatistics",
"genomic",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"genetics"
] | 2014 | Accurate and Robust Genomic Prediction of Celiac Disease Using Statistical Learning |
Full-length cDNA ( FLcDNA ) sequencing establishes the precise primary structure of individual gene transcripts . From two libraries representing 27 B73 tissues and abiotic stress treatments , 27 , 455 high-quality FLcDNAs were sequenced . The average transcript length was 1 . 44 kb including 218 bases and 321 bases of... | To complement the completion of sequencing the maize B73 genome , we sequenced 27 , 455 full-length cDNAs ( FLcDNA ) from two maize B73 libraries representing the gene transcripts from most tissues and common abiotic stress conditions . The FLcDNAs are beneficial in determining the exon/intron structure of genes by ali... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/plant",
"genomes",
"and",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics"
] | 2009 | Sequencing, Mapping, and Analysis of 27,455 Maize Full-Length cDNAs |
The healthy microbiota show remarkable variability within and among individuals . In addition to external exposures , ecological relationships ( both oppositional and symbiotic ) between microbial inhabitants are important contributors to this variation . It is thus of interest to assess what relationships might exist ... | The human body is a complex ecosystem where microbes compete , and cooperate . These interactions can support health or promote disease , e . g . in dental plaque formation . The Human Microbiome Project collected and sequenced ca . 5 , 000 samples from 18 different body sites , including the airways , gut , skin , ora... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"medicine",
"genomics",
"metagenomics",
"mathematics",
"global",
"health",
"statistics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"statistical",
"methods",
"microbial",
"ecology"
] | 2012 | Microbial Co-occurrence Relationships in the Human Microbiome |
To identify genetic loci influencing bone accrual , we performed a genome-wide association scan for total-body bone mineral density ( TB-BMD ) variation in 2 , 660 children of different ethnicities . We discovered variants in 7q31 . 31 associated with BMD measurements , with the lowest P = 4 . 1×10−11 observed for rs91... | Genetic investigations on bone mineral density ( BMD ) variation in children allow the identification of factors determining peak bone mass and their influence on developing osteoporosis later in life . We ran a genome-wide association study ( GWAS ) for total body BMD based on 2 , 660 children of different ethnic back... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"genetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Scans for Total Body BMD in Children and Adults Reveals Allelic Heterogeneity and Age-Specific Effects at the WNT16 Locus |
The shoot systems of plants are built by the action of the primary shoot apical meristem , established during embryogenesis . In the axil of each leaf produced by the primary meristem , secondary axillary shoot apical meristems are established . The dynamic regulation of the activity of these axillary meristems gives s... | The plant shoot system can be considered as a population of communicating growing tips , each driven by a shoot apical meristem . Communication between these meristems acts to mediate decisions about which meristems should be active and which dormant , depending on local and systemic environmental information , and hen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"brassica",
"buds",
"plant",
"physiology",
"hormones",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"hormone",
"transport",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"hormones",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
... | 2019 | Connective auxin transport contributes to strigolactone-mediated shoot branching control independent of the transcription factor BRC1 |
Oxidative stress mediated clustering of membrane protein band 3 plays an essential role in the clearance of damaged and aged red blood cells ( RBCs ) from the circulation . While a number of previous experimental studies have observed changes in band 3 distribution after oxidative treatment , the details of how these c... | In order to maintain a steady internal environment , our bodies must be able to specifically recognize old and damaged red blood cells ( RBCs ) , and remove them from the circulation in a timely manner . Clusters of membrane protein band 3 , which form in response to elevated oxidative damage , serve as essential molec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Particle Simulation of Oxidation Induced Band 3 Clustering in Human Erythrocytes |
In East Africa , Phlebotomus orientalis serves as the main vector of Leishmania donovani , the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) . Phlebotomus orientalis is present at two distant localities in Ethiopia; Addis Zemen where VL is endemic and Melka Werer where transmission of VL does not occur . To find out... | Phlebotomus orientalis is the vector of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) caused by Leishmania donovani in Northeast Africa . Immunization with sand fly saliva or with individual salivary proteins has been shown to protect against leishmaniasis in different hosts , warranting the intensive study of salivary proteins of san... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology",
"parasitology",
"transcriptomes"
] | 2014 | Comparative Analysis of Salivary Gland Transcriptomes of Phlebotomus orientalis Sand Flies from Endemic and Non-endemic Foci of Visceral Leishmaniasis |
Lipid and lipoprotein subclasses are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases , yet the genetic contributions to variability in subclass traits are not fully understood . We conducted single-variant and gene-based association tests between 15 . 1M variants from genome-wide and exome array and imputed genot... | Lipid and lipoproteins are heritable traits that differ in content and size and are correlated with coronary heart disease and mortality . To identify genetic variants associated with different subclasses of lipoproteins , we conducted a genome-wide association study of 8 , 372 Finnish men . We curated a dataset of all... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cholesterol",
"biochemistry",
"signal",
"transduction",
"lipids",
"genomic",
"signal",
"processing",
"cell",
"biology",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"proteins",
"phospholipids",
"lipid",
"signaling",
"lipoproteins",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
... | 2017 | Common, low-frequency, and rare genetic variants associated with lipoprotein subclasses and triglyceride measures in Finnish men from the METSIM study |
Using fission yeast cell cycle as an example , we uncovered that the non-equilibrium network dynamics and global properties are determined by two essential features: the potential landscape and the flux landscape . These two landscapes can be quantified through the decomposition of the dynamics into the detailed balanc... | We have uncovered that the non-equilibrium network dynamics and global properties are determined by two essential features: the potential landscape and the flux landscape . We have found that the funneled potential landscape is crucial for the stability of the states on the cell cycle , however , the stabilities of the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"and",
"methodology",
"Results",
"and",
"discussions"
] | [
"g1",
"phase",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"fungal",
"evolution",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"thermodynamics",
"schizosaccharomyces",
"research",
"and",
... | 2017 | Funneled potential and flux landscapes dictate the stabilities of both the states and the flow: Fission yeast cell cycle |
Hereditary spastic paraplegias ( HSPs ) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous human neurodegenerative diseases . Amongst the identified genetic causes , mutations in genes encoding motor proteins such as kinesins have been involved in various HSP clinical isoforms . Mutations in KIF1C are responsible for autosom... | Hereditary spastic paraplegias ( HSPs ) are human neurodegenerative diseases mainly associated with lower extremity weakness and spasticity . Motor-sensory axons degeneration , implying heterogeneous cellular and molecular mechanisms and various genetic causes , is the neuropathological hallmark of this disease . Recen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ruminants",
"nervous",
"system",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"mammals",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"mutation",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"veterinary",
"science",
"re... | 2018 | Progressive ataxia of Charolais cattle highlights a role of KIF1C in sustainable myelination |
To equalize X-linked gene dosage between the sexes in mammalian females , Xist RNA inactivates one of the two X-chromosomes . Here , we report the crucial function of Xist exon 7 in X-inactivation . Xist exon 7 is the second-largest exon with a well-conserved repeat E in eutherian mammals , but its role is often overlo... | To balance gene expression from X-chromosomes between males and females , one of the two X-chromosomes is inactivated in female mammals . X-chromosome inactivation is a chromosome-wide epigenetic gene silencing mechanism regulated by long non-coding Xist RNA . Mouse Xist RNA is commonly organized into 7 exons , with th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Xist Exon 7 Contributes to the Stable Localization of Xist RNA on the Inactive X-Chromosome |
Recently , the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in some areas has increased considerably and the availability of a vaccine to protect livestock from infection would represent a major advance in tools available for controlling this disease . To date , most vaccine-target discovery research on this parasite has concentrat... | Fasciola hepatica is a parasite responsible for the zoonotic disease fasciolosis , prevalence of which has increased in recent years because of the emergence of triclabendazole-resistant strains as well as changing climatic conditions . A number of F . hepatica protein antigens are used for assessing the immune respons... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"immunology",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"multiple",
"alignment",
"calculation",
"glycosylation",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"glycoproteins",
"vaccinati... | 2016 | Tegument Glycoproteins and Cathepsins of Newly Excysted Juvenile Fasciola hepatica Carry Mannosidic and Paucimannosidic N-glycans |
CRISPRs offer adaptive immunity in prokaryotes by acquiring genomic fragments from infecting phage and subsequently exploiting them for phage restriction via an RNAi-like mechanism . Here , we develop and analyze a dynamical model of CRISPR-mediated prokaryote-phage coevolution that incorporates classical CRISPR kineti... | To counteract viral infections , bacteria and archaea have evolved a variety of defense systems . These can broadly be classified into either restriction or suicide mechanisms . The former enforces nicks in the invading DNA making it unusable for production of further infectious particles; the latter , by contrast , in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Regulated CRISPR Modules Exploit a Dual Defense Strategy of Restriction and Abortive Infection in a Model of Prokaryote-Phage Coevolution |
Lyme disease Borrelia can infect humans and animals for months to years , despite the presence of an active host immune response . The vls antigenic variation system , which expresses the surface-exposed lipoprotein VlsE , plays a major role in B . burgdorferi immune evasion . Gene conversion between vls silent cassett... | Lyme borreliosis is the most common vector-transmitted infection in Europe and North America , and is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and other closely related Borrelia species . Lyme disease Borrelia have an elaborate mechanism for varying the sequence of VlsE , a surface-localized , immunogenic lipoprot... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Detailed Analysis of Sequence Changes Occurring during vlsE Antigenic Variation in the Mouse Model of Borrelia burgdorferi Infection |
Complexes of chemoreceptors in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane allow for the sensing of ligands with remarkable sensitivity . Despite the excellent characterization of the chemotaxis signaling network , very little is known about what controls receptor complex size . Here we use in vitro signaling data to model the ... | Chemotaxis allows bacteria to sense and swim toward nutrients and away from toxins . The remarkable sensing properties of the chemotaxis network , such as high sensitivity to small changes in the chemical environment , are thought to originate from receptor complexes in the membrane , which act as antennas to magnify w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biophysics",
"cell",
"biology",
"none",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Chemotaxis Receptor Complexes: From Signaling to Assembly |
Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying segregation of phenotypic variation through successive generations is important for understanding physiological changes and disease risk . Tracing the etiology of variation in gene expression enables identification of genetic interactions , and may uncover molecular mecha... | Phenotypical variability is a multi-factorial phenomenon . Although it has been shown that inheriting certain gene is associated with lower phenotypical variability , how genome complexity affect phenotypical variability is still unclear . To study this question , we used inbred Xiphophorus fish , backcross interspecie... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"fish",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"alleles",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"oncology",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems"... | 2018 | Gene expression variation and parental allele inheritance in a Xiphophorus interspecies hybridization model |
Cellular gene expression machinery has coevolved with molecular parasites , such as viruses and transposons , which rely on host cells for their expression and reproduction . We previously reported that a wild-derived allele of mouse Nxf1 ( Tap ) , a key component of the host mRNA nuclear export machinery , suppresses ... | Retroviruses and transposable elements are molecular parasites that integrate into the host genome and require host cell machinery for gene expression , replication and dissemination . Integrating elements can alter the expression of nearby host genes through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms . C... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"molecular",
"biology/rna",
"splicing",
"neurological",
"disorders/movement",
"disorders",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"neurological",
"disorders/neurogeneti... | 2009 | Multipotent Genetic Suppression of Retrotransposon-Induced Mutations by Nxf1 through Fine-Tuning of Alternative Splicing |
The tumor suppressor protein p53 can lose its function upon single-point missense mutations in the core DNA-binding domain ( “cancer mutants” ) . Activity can be restored by second-site suppressor mutations ( “rescue mutants” ) . This paper relates the functional activity of p53 cancer and rescue mutants to their overa... | p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that controls a central apoptotic pathway ( programmed cell death ) . Thus , it is the most-mutated gene in human cancers . Due to the marginal stability of p53 , a single mutation can abolish p53 function ( “cancer mutants” ) , while a second mutation ( or several ) can restore it ( “... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"chemistry",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"chemical",
"biology",
"physical",
"chemistry"
] | 2011 | Ensemble-Based Computational Approach Discriminates Functional Activity of p53 Cancer and Rescue Mutants |
Both tribendimidine and mebendazole are broad-spectrum drugs for anti-intestinal nematodes . We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of tribendimidine and mebendazole in patients with co-infection of Clonorchis sinensis and other helminths . We performed a randomized open-label trial in Qiyang , People's Republic of C... | Co-infection of Clonorchis sinensis and other helminths is common in places with poor settings . Preventive chemotherapy is commonly used to control the co-infection of helminths due to lack of effective vaccine . It is important to investigate the efficacy and safety of tribendimidine , a broad-spectrum anti-intestina... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"research",
"design",
"foodborne",
"trematodiases",
"plant",
"science",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"plant",
... | 2014 | Efficacy and Safety of Praziquantel, Tribendimidine and Mebendazole in Patients with Co-infection of Clonorchis sinensis and Other Helminths |
The long-term goal of connecting scales in biological simulation can be facilitated by scale-agnostic methods . We demonstrate that the weighted ensemble ( WE ) strategy , initially developed for molecular simulations , applies effectively to spatially resolved cell-scale simulations . The WE approach runs an ensemble ... | Stochastic simulations ( simulations where randomness plays a role ) of even simple biological systems are often so computationally intensive that it is impossible , in practice , to simulate them exhaustively and gather good statistics about the likelihood of different outcomes . The difficulty is compounded for the o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neuromuscular",
"junctions",
"vesicles",
"nervous",
"system",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"probability",
"distribution",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"vesicle",
"fusion",
"c... | 2016 | Unbiased Rare Event Sampling in Spatial Stochastic Systems Biology Models Using a Weighted Ensemble of Trajectories |
Morphogenetic transitions are prevalent in the fungal kingdom . For a leading human fungal pathogen , Candida albicans , the capacity to transition between yeast and filaments is key for virulence . For the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , filamentation enables nutrient acquisition . A recent functional genomic s... | Fungal infections pose a severe burden to human health worldwide . Candida albicans is a leading cause of systemic fungal infections , with mortality rates approaching 40% . One of the key virulence traits of this fungus is its ability to transition between yeast and filamentous forms in response to diverse host-releva... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"fungi",
"regulator",
"genes",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"gene",
"typ... | 2019 | Functional divergence of a global regulatory complex governing fungal filamentation |
Cells accumulate single-stranded DNA ( ssDNA ) when telomere capping , DNA replication , or DNA repair is impeded . This accumulation leads to cell cycle arrest through activating the DNA–damage checkpoints involved in cancer protection . Hence , ssDNA accumulation could be an anti-cancer mechanism . However , ssDNA ha... | Here we identified arguably the first anti-checkpoint protein in Rif1 . The term anti-checkpoint was proposed by Ted Weinert , one of the parents of the checkpoint concept , to describe a factor that stops checkpoint proteins from responding to DNA damage by other means than repair , reduced amounts of ssDNA , or adapt... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | A Novel Checkpoint and RPA Inhibitory Pathway Regulated by Rif1 |
There is concern that untreated individuals in mass drug administration ( MDA ) programs for neglected tropical diseases can reduce the impact of elimination efforts by maintaining a source of transmission and re-infection . Treatment receipt was recorded against the community census during three MDAs with azithromycin... | As the target year for Global Elimination of Trachoma ( GET2020 ) approaches , the scale up of mass drug administration ( MDA ) with azithromycin will lead to more endemic areas becoming low prevalence settings . In such areas , identification of those at highest risk of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and at highest r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Non-Participation during Azithromycin Mass Treatment for Trachoma in The Gambia: Heterogeneity and Risk Factors |
Sleeping sickness due to Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations coupled with differences in disease progression and severity across East and Southern Africa . The disease progresses from an early ( hemo-lymphatic ) stage to the late ( meningoencephalitic ) stage characterized by pr... | Sleeping sickness in east and central Africa is caused by a protozoan parasite , Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense . About 12 . 3 million people are at a risk of acquiring the disease that is fatal if untreated . The disease progresses from an early stage with trypanosomes in blood and lymph to a late stage in which trypa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 Are Up Regulated in Late Stage Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Sleeping Sickness |
Simian T-Leukemia Virus type 1 and Simian Foamy Virus infect non-human primates . While STLV-1 , as HTLV-1 , causes Adult T-cell Leukemia/lymphoma , SFV infection is asymptomatic . Both retroviruses can be transmitted from NHPs to humans through bites that allow contact between infected saliva and recipient blood . Bec... | Foamy viruses infect a lot of mammalian hosts including non-human primates ( NHP ) and humans . Foamy infection is not associated with disease , although a recent report described hematological abnormalities in infected humans . Some NHP species are also naturally infected with another retrovirus i . e . Simian T lymph... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"saliva",
"animals",
"mammals",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"primates",... | 2018 | STLV-1 co-infection is correlated with an increased SFV proviral load in the peripheral blood of SFV/STLV-1 naturally infected non-human primates |
Zoonotic Visceral leishmaniasis ( ZVL ) is a neglected tropical disease that in the Americas is caused by the infection of Leishmania infantum and the domestic dog ( Canis familiaris ) is the main parasite reservoir in urban areas . The parasite is mainly transmitted by populations of the sibling species Lutzomyia long... | American Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is an anthropozoonosis resulting from infection by Leishmania infantum mainly transmitted by the bite of females of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis which feed mainly on domestic dogs . It is a serious tropical disease that in some countries has spread in association with severa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"kala-azar",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"sand",
"flies",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"i... | 2018 | A field study of the survival and dispersal pattern of Lutzomyia longipalpis in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil |
Leptospirosis is a potentially life-threatening but curable zoonosis whose prognosis depends on accurate and timely diagnosis . Because of its non-specific clinical presentation , laboratory testing is essential to confirm the diagnosis . Here , we aimed to assess the performance of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assa... | Leptospirosis is a ubiquitous zoonosis caused by spirochetes . This infection is responsible for a wide range of symptoms mimicking many other diseases . Laboratory tests are thus essential to confirm the diagnosis . Furthermore , earlier diagnosis helps to prevent severe outcomes by a prompt initiation of antibiotic t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"leptospira",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"optimization",
"mathematics",
"ant... | 2017 | Evaluation of different serological assays for early diagnosis of leptospirosis in Martinique (French West Indies) |
In this paper we study antibiotic-induced C . difficile infection ( CDI ) , caused by the toxin-producing C . difficile ( CD ) , and implement clinically-inspired simulated treatments in a computational framework that synthesizes a generalized Lotka-Volterra ( gLV ) model with SIR modeling techniques . The gLV model us... | The burgeoning integration of big data and medicine is a portent of personalized healthcare . There is a need for accurate , predictive , and mechanistic models that can be relied upon to forecast the course of a disease , test treatments in-silico , and ultimately inform the doctor’s prescription . These models , stil... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"gut",
"bacteria",
"microbiome",
"dose",
"prediction",
"methods",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"sporulation",
"pharmaceutics",
"antibiotics",
"phase",
"diagrams",
... | 2018 | In silico analysis of antibiotic-induced Clostridium difficile infection: Remediation techniques and biological adaptations |
Polarity establishment , the spontaneous generation of asymmetric molecular distributions , is a crucial component of many cellular functions . Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( yeast ) undergoes directed growth during budding and mating , and is an ideal model organism for studying polarization . In yeast and many other cell... | Many cells need to generate and maintain biochemical signals in specific subcellular regions . This phenomenon is broadly called polarity establishment , and is important in fundamental processes such as cell migration and differentiation . A key polarity factor found in diverse organisms , including yeast and humans ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Models",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"reactants",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"cell",
"polarity",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"saccharomyces",
"chemi... | 2018 | Particle-based simulations of polarity establishment reveal stochastic promotion of Turing pattern formation |
Ancient retroposon insertions can be used as virtually homoplasy-free markers to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of species . Inherited , orthologous insertions in related species offer reliable signals of a common origin of the given species . One prerequisite for such a phylogenetically informative insertion is ... | The presence/absence patterns of transposed elements , so called jumping genes , provide invaluable information about evolution . Unfortunately , there is still no clear all-encompassing analysis of the statistical significance of insertion patterns , and the single existing model of insertion data is no longer suffici... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"marker",
"genes",
"animal",
"phylogenetics",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"paleontology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"paleogenetics",
"zoology"... | 2016 | Incomplete Lineage Sorting and Hybridization Statistics for Large-Scale Retroposon Insertion Data |
Sperm activation is a fascinating example of cell differentiation , in which immotile spermatids undergo a rapid and dramatic transition to become mature , motile sperm . Because the sperm nucleus is transcriptionally silent , this transition does not involve transcriptional changes . Although Caenorhabditis elegans is... | Sperm are specialized cells with transcriptionally silent DNA that has been packaged for delivery into the egg . In their final step of development , immature sperm undergo a rapid transition from nonmotile cells to mature , motile sperm capable of fertilization . The signals that trigger this change are not clearly un... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"rna",
"interference",
"zinc",
"transporters",
"caenorhabditis",
"animals",
"germ",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"biological",
"transport",
"epigenetics",
"cellular",
... | 2018 | The zinc transporter ZIPT-7.1 regulates sperm activation in nematodes |
HIV-2 and SIVMAC are AIDS-causing , zoonotic lentiviruses that jumped to humans and rhesus macaques , respectively , from SIVSM-bearing sooty mangabey monkeys . Cross-species transmission events such as these sometimes necessitate virus adaptation to species-specific , host restriction factors such as TRIM5 . Here , a ... | HIV-1 and HIV-2 , the two lentiviruses that cause AIDS in humans , are members of a family of such viruses that infect African primates . HIV-1 is a zoonosis that was transmitted to humans from chimpanzees . HIV-2 was transmitted to humans from sooty mangabey monkeys . In several documented cases of cross-species trans... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Lv4 Is a Capsid-Specific Antiviral Activity in Human Blood Cells That Restricts Viruses of the SIVMAC/SIVSM/HIV-2 Lineage Prior to Integration |
Cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) constitutes an important public health problem in Peru . However , no studies have attempted to estimate the monetary and non-monetary impact of CE in Peruvian society . We used official and published sources of epidemiological and economic information to estimate direct and indirect costs ... | Cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) , caused by infection with the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus , constitutes an important public health problem in Peru . Despite its high prevalence in endemic communities no studies have attempted to estimate the economic impact of CE in Peruvian society . We used offi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"veterinary",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"global",
"health",
"public",
"health",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2011 | Economic Impact of Cystic Echinococcosis in Peru |
Liposarcoma is an often fatal cancer of fat cells . Mechanisms of liposarcoma development are incompletely understood . The cleavage of fatty acids from acylglycerols ( lipolysis ) has been implicated in cancer . We generated mice with adipose tissue deficiency of two major enzymes of lipolysis , adipose triglyceride l... | Liposarcoma is an often fatal adult-onset tumor of fat tissue . Lipolysis , the central pathway of fat tissue metabolism , has been implicated in cancer . We generated mice that were deficient in two key enzymes of lipolysis , adipose triglyceride lipase ( ATGL ) and hormone-sensitive lipase ( HSL ) . Strikingly , all ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"lipolysis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"brown",
"adipose",
"tissue",
"enzymes",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"enzymology",
"liposarcoma",
"oncology",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"adipocytes",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cells",
"experimental"... | 2017 | Epistatic interaction between the lipase-encoding genes Pnpla2 and Lipe causes liposarcoma in mice |
Cloud cover can influence numerous important ecological processes , including reproduction , growth , survival , and behavior , yet our assessment of its importance at the appropriate spatial scales has remained remarkably limited . If captured over a large extent yet at sufficiently fine spatial grain , cloud cover dy... | Cloud cover affects many important ecological processes , including reproduction , growth , survival , and behavior . When quantified globally at high spatial resolution , cloud cover dynamics can provide key information for delineating a variety of habitat types and predicting species distributions . In this study , w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"seasons",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"ecology",
"ecosystems",
"forests",
"earth",
"sciences",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"forest",
"ecology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"theoretical",
"ecology",
"clouds",
"bio... | 2016 | Remotely Sensed High-Resolution Global Cloud Dynamics for Predicting Ecosystem and Biodiversity Distributions |
Although the ultrastructure of the schistosome esophageal gland was described >35 years ago , its role in the processing of ingested blood has never been established . The current study was prompted by our identification of MEG-4 . 1 expression in the gland and the observation of erythrocyte uncoating in the posterior ... | Host blood ingested by adult schistosomes resident in the bloodstream , passes down a short esophagus to reach the gut where proteolysis of its constituents occurs . The esophageal gland surrounds the posterior half of the esophagus , which has a membrane surface area enormously expanded into plates that must be crucia... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"schistosomiasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"parasite",
"physiology"
] | 2013 | The Schistosome Oesophageal Gland: Initiator of Blood Processing |
The left ventricle ( LV ) of mammals with Situs Solitus ( SS , normal organ arrangement ) displays hardly any interindividual variation in myofiber pattern and experimentally determined torsion . SS LV myofiber pattern has been suggested to result from adaptive myofiber reorientation , in turn leading to efficient pump... | Deciphering the structure-function relation in healthy hearts is important to understand cardiac pathologies . In the structure-function relation , the myofiber orientation patterns play a central role . Between people with normal organ arrangement ( Situs Solitus , SS ) this pattern is strikingly similar . Such consis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"physiology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"cardiovascular",
"system"
] | 2012 | Why SIT Works: Normal Function Despite Typical Myofiber Pattern in Situs Inversus Totalis (SIT) Hearts Derived by Shear-induced Myofiber Reorientation |
Th1 cells can be activated by TCR-independent stimuli , but the importance of this pathway in vivo and the precise mechanisms involved require further investigation . Here , we used a simple model of non-cognate Th1 cell stimulation in Salmonella-infected mice to examine these issues . CD4 Th1 cell expression of both I... | CD4 Th1 cells utilize a highly specific T cell receptor to identify infected cells and initiate pathogen killing via IFN-γ secretion . An alternative pathway of Th1 cell activation can occur in the absence of specific pathogen recognition , but less is known about the signals involved and the overall importance of this... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"t",
"helper",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"spleen",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
... | 2017 | T cell expression of IL-18R and DR3 is essential for non-cognate stimulation of Th1 cells and optimal clearance of intracellular bacteria |
Intracellular parasites , such as Leishmania spp , must acquire suitable carbon sources from the host cell in order to replicate . Here we present evidence that intracellular amastigote stages of Leishmania exploit amino sugars in the phagolysosome of mammalian macrophages as a source of carbon and energy . L . major p... | Protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania are transmitted by sandfly vectors and cause a number of important diseases in humans . These parasites proliferate within mature lysosome compartments in macrophages and other phagocytic cells in the mammalian host . How intracellular stages of Leishmania survive w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/parasitology",
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology"
] | 2010 | Evidence That Intracellular Stages of Leishmania major Utilize Amino Sugars as a Major Carbon Source |
Composed of hundreds of microbial species , the composition of the human gut microbiota can vary with chronic diseases underlying health disparities that disproportionally affect ethnic minorities . However , the influence of ethnicity on the gut microbiota remains largely unexplored and lacks reproducible generalizati... | Understanding microbiota similarities and differences across ethnicities has the potential to advance approaches aimed at personalized microbial discovery and treatment , particularly those involved in ethnic health disparities . Here , we explore whether or not self-declared ethnicity consistently varies with gut micr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gut",
"bacteria",
"microbiome",
"hispanic",
"people",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"ethnicities",
"data",
"management",
"population",
"biology",
"metadata",
"bacteria",
"microbial",
"genomics",
"computer",
"and",
"i... | 2018 | Gut microbiota diversity across ethnicities in the United States |
Anaplasma phagocytophilum , the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis , infects human neutrophils and inhibits mitochondria-mediated apoptosis . Bacterial factors involved in this process are unknown . In the present study , we screened a genomic DNA library of A . phagocytophilum for effectors of the type... | Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the pathogen that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis , an emerging infectious disease . As an obligate intracellular organism , this bacterium cannot reproduce outside of eukaryotic cells due to the loss of many genes that are present in free-living bacteria . Paradoxically , it specifi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Acknowledgments"
] | [
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology"
] | 2010 | Anaplasma phagocytophilum Ats-1 Is Imported into Host Cell Mitochondria and Interferes with Apoptosis Induction |
Insects counter infection with innate immune responses that rely on cells called hemocytes . Hemocytes exist in association with the insect's open circulatory system and this mode of existence has likely influenced the organization and control of anti-pathogen immune responses . Previous studies reported that pathogens... | Mosquitoes transmit diseases such as malaria , dengue fever , West Nile virus and lymphatic filariasis . A mosquito initially acquires a pathogen when she ingests a blood meal from an infected person or animal . Then , after a period of development and/or replication in the mosquito gut , the pathogen enters the hemoco... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mosquitoes",
"zoology",
"entomology",
"immunity",
"vector",
"biology",
"innate",
"immunity",
"anopheles",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"parasitology"
] | 2012 | Infection-Induced Interaction between the Mosquito Circulatory and Immune Systems |
Aedes aegypti , commonly known as “the yellow fever mosquito” , is of great medical concern today primarily as the major vector of dengue , chikungunya and Zika viruses , although yellow fever remains a serious health concern in some regions . The history of Ae . aegypti in Brazil is of particular interest because the ... | Aedes aegypti ( “yellow fever mosquito” ) is of great medical concern because it is the primary vector of important viruses causing dengue fever , chikungunya and Zika , as well as increasingly transmitting yellow fever once again . Due to the Zika outbreak , which started in Brazil in 2015 and rapidly spread with mill... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"venezuela",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"north",
"america",
"population",
"biology",
"caribbean",
"insect",
"vectors",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"south",
"america",
"aedes",
... | 2017 | Tracking the return of Aedes aegypti to Brazil, the major vector of the dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses |
Due to its inherent neural delays , the visual system has an outdated access to sensory information about the current position of moving objects . In contrast , living organisms are remarkably able to track and intercept moving objects under a large range of challenging environmental conditions . Physiological , behavi... | Visual illusions are powerful tools to explore the limits and constraints of human perception . One of them has received considerable empirical and theoretical interests: the so-called “flash-lag effect” . When a visual stimulus moves along a continuous trajectory , it may be seen ahead of its veridical position with r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"velocity",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"neural",
"networks",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"probability",
"distribution",
"mathematics",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"extrapolation",
"vision",
"coding",
"mechanisms",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
... | 2017 | The Flash-Lag Effect as a Motion-Based Predictive Shift |
Leptin is a well-known adipokine that plays a critical role in immune responses . To further explore the immunological roles of leptin , we developed a transgenic leptin pig controlled by the pig leptin ( pleptin ) promoter to overexpress leptin . Symptoms typically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) ... | Obesity is associated with many human diseases , including autoimmune diseases , metabolic syndrome , and inflammation . Leptin is one of the most thoroughly investigated cell-signaling molecules secreted by the fat tissues and is typically elevated in patients diagnosed with lupus ( systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"rheumatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pig",
"models",
"immunology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"hormones",
"animal",
"models",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"kid... | 2018 | Symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus are diagnosed in leptin transgenic pigs |
How can a microorganism adapt to a variety of environmental conditions despite the existence of a limited number of signal transduction mechanisms ? We show that for any growing cells whose gene expression fluctuate stochastically , the adaptive cellular state is inevitably selected by noise , even without a specific s... | Adaptation of living systems to various environmental conditions is one of the most universal phenomena in biology . As is well known from the paradigmatic case in the Escherichia coli lac-operon system , cellular adaptation is generally understood as a physiological shift that is elicited by regulation of genes with s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biophysics",
"none",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2008 | A Generic Mechanism for Adaptive Growth Rate Regulation |
Protein phosphorylation plays an essential role in the generation of circadian rhythms , regulating the stability , activity , and subcellular localization of certain proteins that constitute the biological clock . This study examines the role of the protein kinase Doubletime ( DBT ) , a Drosophila ortholog of human ca... | Most proteins involved in circadian transcriptional feedback loops undergo reversible chemical modifications ( called phosphorylation ) that regulate their activity in a time-of-day–dependent manner . Doubletime ( DBT ) , a Drosophila kinase , phosphorylates the circadian transcriptional repressor PERIOD ( PER ) . Muta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"neuroscience",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Activating PER Repressor through a DBT-Directed Phosphorylation Switch |
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 ( HTLV-1 ) infection is intractable and endemic in many countries . Although a few individuals have severe symptoms , most patients remain asymptomatic throughout their lives and their infections may be unknown to many health professionals . HTLV-1 can be considered a neglected pu... | Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 ( HTLV-1 ) infection is commonly confounded with Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) infection and it is unknown to many health professionals . It is endemic in many countries and there is no effective treatment available . Although a few individuals have severe symptoms , most p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"public",
"health"
] | 2012 | Living Invisible: HTLV-1-Infected Persons and the Lack of Care in Public Health |
Reports implicating important roles for cholesterol and cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in host-pathogen interactions have largely employed sterol sequestering agents and biosynthesis inhibitors . Because the pleiotropic effects of these compounds can complicate experimental interpretation , we developed a new model syste... | Clustered receptors associated with cholesterol-rich microdomains , termed lipid rafts , are thought to provide plasma membrane signaling platforms that bacterial pathogens can subvert to gain entry into host cells . Moreover , cholesterol has been implicated as a critical structural lipid of several pathogen-occupied ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Bacterial Colonization of Host Cells in the Absence of Cholesterol |
Rats and mice palpate objects with their whiskers to generate tactile sensations . This form of active sensing endows the animals with the capacity for fast and accurate texture discrimination . The present work is aimed at understanding the nature of the underlying cortical signals . We recorded neuronal activity from... | How cortical activity contributes to sensation is among biology's oldest problems . We studied the nature of the cortical representations underlying judgments of texture in rats . The rodent whisker sensory system is particularly intriguing because it is “active”: the animal generates sensory signals by palpating objec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience"
] | 2007 | Neuronal Activity in Rat Barrel Cortex Underlying Texture Discrimination |
Mosquitoes act as vectors of numerous pathogens that cause human diseases . Dengue virus ( DENV ) transmitted by mosquito , Aedes aegypti , is responsible for dengue fever epidemics worldwide with a serious impact on human health . Currently , disease control mainly relies on vector targeted intervention strategies . T... | HPX8C is a heme-containing peroxidase , which can move reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) damage to the organism by reducing H2O2 to H2O . Previously , the peroxidase gene has been shown to modulate midgut immunity and regulate anti-malarial response in mosquitoes . In this study , the classical immune signaling pathways ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Accession",
"numbers"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"peroxidases",
"body",
"fluids",
"rna",
"interference",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbi... | 2019 | Aedes aegypti HPX8C modulates immune responses against viral infection |
In its first 8 years , the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis ( GPELF ) achieved an unprecedentedly rapid scale-up: >1 . 9 billion treatments with anti-filarial drugs ( albendazole , ivermectin , and diethylcarbamazine ) were provided via yearly mass drug administration ( MDA ) to a minimum of 570 milli... | Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is a vector-borne , chronically disabling parasitic infection causing elephantiasis , lymphedema , and hydrocele . The infection is endemic in 83 countries worldwide , with more than 1 . 2 billion people at risk and 120 million already infected . Since 1998 , the Global Programme to Eliminat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/global",
"health"
] | 2008 | The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: Health Impact after 8 Years |
Replications forks are routinely hindered by different endogenous stresses . Because homologous recombination plays a pivotal role in the reactivation of arrested replication forks , defects in homologous recombination reveal the initial endogenous stress ( es ) . Homologous recombination-defective cells consistently e... | Endogenous stress is an important stress because it challenges cells daily . However , endogenous stress is difficult to apprehend . Replication forks are routinely hindered by different endogenous stresses . Because homologous recombination plays a pivotal role in the reactivation of arrested replication forks , defec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetic",
"networks",
"centrosomes",
"population",
"genetics",
"gene",
"pool",
"dna",
"damage",
"dna",
"replication",
"network",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"protein",
"structure",
"dna",
"recombination",
"dna",
"population",
"biology",
"cellular",
"structures",
... | 2016 | Slow Replication Fork Velocity of Homologous Recombination-Defective Cells Results from Endogenous Oxidative Stress |
Many Gram-negative bacteria , including human pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , do not have large-channel porins . This results in an outer membrane ( OM ) that is highly impermeable to small polar molecules , making the bacteria intrinsically resistant towards many antibiotics . In such microorganisms , the m... | Emerging antibiotic resistance in the treatment of infectious disease is an increasing problem that urgently requires new drug development . In Gram-negative bacteria , the outer membrane ( OM ) prevents permeation of small molecules , including antibiotics . A family of channel-forming proteins , called OprD proteins ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"biochemistry",
"proteins",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"metabolism"
] | 2012 | Substrate Specificity within a Family of Outer Membrane Carboxylate Channels |
We determined the seroprevalence of chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) infection in the adult resident population in Singapore following local outbreaks of chikungunya fever ( CHIKF ) in 2008–2009 . Our cross-sectional study involved residual sera from 3 , 293 adults aged 18–79 years who had participated in the National Healt... | The prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) was low at 1 . 9% among resident adults in Singapore after local outbreaks in 2008–2009 . Adults aged 30–39 years and 70–79 years , men , those of Indian ethnicity and ethnic minority groups , and residence on ground floor of public and priva... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locatio... | 2017 | Seroprevalence of antibodies against chikungunya virus in Singapore resident adult population |
Many living organisms transform inorganic atoms into highly ordered crystalline materials . An elegant example of such biomineralization processes is the production of nano-scale magnetic crystals in magnetotactic bacteria . Previous studies implicated the involvement of two putative serine proteases , MamE and MamO , ... | Biomineralization is an ancient and ubiquitous process by which organisms assemble crystalline materials for their own benefit . The ability to precisely organize inorganic atoms into crystals with intricate shapes demonstrates a level of control over nanoparticle synthesis that has fascinated biologists for generation... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"crystal",
"structure",
"biomineralization",
"enzymes",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"enzymology",
"serine",
"proteases",
"physiological",
"processes",
"crystals",
"phylogenetics",
"data",... | 2016 | MamO Is a Repurposed Serine Protease that Promotes Magnetite Biomineralization through Direct Transition Metal Binding in Magnetotactic Bacteria |
Lymph node ( LN ) stromal cells provide survival signals and adhesive substrata to lymphocytes . During an immune response , B cell follicles enlarge , questioning how LN stromal cells manage these cellular demands . Herein , we used a murine fate mapping system to describe a new stromal cell type that resides in the T... | Immune responses develop in lymphoid organs such as the tonsils and lymph nodes ( LNs ) , which are composed of leukocytes ( 95% ) and architectural stromal cells ( 5% ) . LNs involved in mounting an immune response recruit large numbers of lymphocytes and support the division of those that recognise the foreign antige... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Identification of a New Stromal Cell Type Involved in the Regulation of Inflamed B Cell Follicles |
Oscillations are ubiquitous features of brain dynamics that undergo task-related changes in synchrony , power , and frequency . The impact of those changes on target networks is poorly understood . In this work , we used a biophysically detailed model of prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) to explore the effects of varying the s... | The prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) flexibly encodes task-relevant representations and outputs biases to mediate higher cognitive functions . The relevant neural ensembles undergo task-related changes in oscillatory dynamics at beta- and gamma frequencies . Using a computational model of the PFC network , we show that strong... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"resonance",
"frequency",
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"prefrontal",
"cortex",
"membrane",
"potential",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"network",
"analysis",
"waves",
"computer",
"and",
"information"... | 2018 | Flexible resonance in prefrontal networks with strong feedback inhibition |
Rabies is a fatal encephalitis caused by lyssaviruses . Evidence of lyssavirus circulation has recently emerged in Southeast Asian bats . A cross-sectional study was conducted in Thailand to assess rabies-related knowledge and practices among persons regularly exposed to bats and bat habitats . The objectives were to i... | Rabies is a fatal encephalitis caused by lyssaviruses . Evidence of lyssavirus circulation has recently emerged in Southeast Asian bats . We surveyed persons regularly exposed to bats and bat habitats in Thailand to assess rabies‐related knowledge and practices . Targeted groups included guano miners , bat hunters , ga... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
... | 2011 | Rabies-Related Knowledge and Practices Among Persons At Risk of Bat Exposures in Thailand |
Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) persists with global and virus-specific T-cell dysfunction , without T-cell based correlates of outcomes . To determine if γδT-cells are altered in HBV infection relative to clinical status , we examined the frequency , phenotype and function of peripheral blood Vδ1+ and Vδ2+γδT-cells by multi... | We examined circulating γδT-cells in a North American cohort with chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ) and acute hepatitis B ( AHB ) compared to uninfected control subjects . While frequencies and composition of circulating γδT-cells were preserved in AHB and CHB , γδT-cells showed distinct and innate phenotypes based on the ex... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2019 | Distinct phenotype and function of circulating Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ γδT-cells in acute and chronic hepatitis B |
African trypanosomes of the Trypanosoma brucei species are extra-cellular parasites that cause human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) as well as infections in game animals and livestock . Trypanosomes are known to evade the immune response of their mammalian host by continuous antigenic variation of their surface coat .... | African trypanosomes are extracellular parasites that cause the deadly disease sleeping sickness in humans , and nagana in cattle . The control of infection is believed to be largely dependent on the host antibody response . We postulate here that protective anti-trypanosome responses mainly involve splenic marginal zo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal"... | 2008 | Trypanosomiasis-Induced B Cell Apoptosis Results in Loss of Protective Anti-Parasite Antibody Responses and Abolishment of Vaccine-Induced Memory Responses |
microRNAs are endogenous small regulatory RNAs that modulate myriad biological processes by repressing target gene expression in a sequence-specific manner . Here we show that the conserved miRNA miR-34 regulates innate immunity and ecdysone signaling in Drosophila . miR-34 over-expression activates antibacterial innat... | microRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that impact myriad biological processes . Here we show that the conserved miRNA miR-34 regulates antibacterial defense and steroid hormone signaling in Drosophila . miR-34 over-production or deficiency , respectively , enhances or impairs antibacterial defense . We show that Dlg1 and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"immunology",
"messenger",
"rna",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"micrornas",
"mod... | 2016 | miR-34 Modulates Innate Immunity and Ecdysone Signaling in Drosophila |
Genome duplication , which results in polyploidy , is disruptive to fundamental biological processes . Genome duplications occur spontaneously in a range of taxa and problems such as sterility , aneuploidy , and gene expression aberrations are common in newly formed polyploids . In mammals , genome duplication is assoc... | Duplication of an entire set of chromosomes is a dramatic mutation disruptive to core cellular functions . Genome duplication and the genomic instability that generally follows can cause problems with fertility and viability , and in mammals is associated with cancer and spontaneous abortion . Yet , established polyplo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Genetic Adaptation Associated with Genome-Doubling in Autotetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa |
The increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease ( AD ) is associated with the APOE gene , which encodes for three variants of Apolipoprotein E , namely E2 , E3 , E4 , differing only by two amino acids at positions 112 and 158 . ApoE4 is known to be the strongest risk factor for AD onset , while ApoE3 and ApoE2 are... | ApoE is a lipid transporter protein associated with the onset of Alzheimer’s disease . Among the three human variants , ApoE4 isoform represents the strongest genetic risk factor for the onset of Alzheimer’s disease . We identify an ApoE4-specific misfolded intermediate state that may alter multiple cellular pathways i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | ApoE4-specific Misfolded Intermediate Identified by Molecular Dynamics Simulations |
Functional gene transfer from the plastid ( chloroplast ) and mitochondrial genomes to the nucleus has been an important driving force in eukaryotic evolution . Non-functional DNA transfer is far more frequent , and the frequency of such transfers from the plastid to the nucleus has been determined experimentally in to... | In eukaryotes , mitochondria and plastids are the descendents of once free-living prokaryotic ancestors . Over time , these organelles have donated a great deal of genetic material to the nuclear genome . Although usually non-functional , these DNA transfer events have , over evolutionary time , resulted in a large poo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/plant",
"genomes",
"and",
"evolution",
"plant",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Instability of Plastid DNA in the Nuclear Genome |
The binding of proteins can shield DNA from mutagenic processes but also interfere with efficient repair . How the presence of DNA-binding proteins shapes intra-genomic differences in mutability and , ultimately , sequence variation in natural populations , however , remains poorly understood . In this study , we exami... | Mutations can be more or less likely to occur depending on whether DNA is naked or bound by proteins . On the one hand , DNA-binding proteins can shield the DNA from certain mutagenic processes . On the other hand , the very same proteins can interfere with efficient DNA repair . In this study , we reconstruct the hist... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"genome",
"evolution",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"mutation",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"dna",
"chromatin",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"forms",
"of",
"evolution",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"proteins",
"biology",
"bio... | 2012 | Nucleoid-Associated Proteins Affect Mutation Dynamics in E. coli in a Growth Phase-Specific Manner |
Imaging data has become an essential tool to explore key biological questions at various scales , for example the motile behaviour of bacteria or the transport of mRNA , and it has the potential to transform our understanding of important transport mechanisms . Often these imaging studies require us to compare biologic... | We consider how the temporal resolution of imaging studies affects our ability to carry out accurate parameter estimation for a stochastic biological transport model . This model provides a mechanistic description of motile behaviour and is often used to interrogate transport processes , such as the motion of bacteria ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microtubules",
"markov",
"models",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"experimental",
"design",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"research",
"design",
"probability",
"distribution",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"biological",
"transport",
"cellular",
"... | 2018 | The impact of temporal sampling resolution on parameter inference for biological transport models |
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease . Chagas disease is an endemic infection that affects over 8 million people throughout Latin America and now has become a global challenge . The current pharmacological treatment of patients is unsuccessful in most cases , highly toxic , and no vaccines are ava... | Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and has been detrimental to millions of people in Latin America since the early 1900s , and now this disease is having a global impact . Decades later , there is still no vaccine for this disease . Scientists have used the adenovirus vector in gene th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"electrophoretic",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"imaging",
"techniques",
"animal",
"studies",
"microscopy",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"molecu... | 2014 | Immunization with Hexon Modified Adenoviral Vectors Integrated with gp83 Epitope Provides Protection against Trypanosoma cruzi Infection |
Nucleosomes are the fundamental repeating unit of chromatin and comprise the structural building blocks of the living eukaryotic genome . Micrococcal nuclease ( MNase ) has long been used to delineate nucleosomal organization . Microarray-based nucleosome mapping experiments in yeast chromatin have revealed regularly-s... | Inside the nucleus , DNA is wrapped into a complex molecular structure called chromatin , whose fundamental unit is ∼150 bp of DNA organized around the eight-histone protein complex known as the nucleosome . Understanding the local organization of nucleosomes is critical for understanding how chromatin impacts gene reg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Predicting Human Nucleosome Occupancy from Primary Sequence |
Genomic imprinting results in monoallelic gene expression in a parent-of-origin-dependent manner and is regulated by the differential epigenetic marking of the parental alleles . In plants , genomic imprinting has been primarily described for genes expressed in the endosperm , a tissue nourishing the developing embryo ... | In most cells nuclear genes are present in two copies , with one maternal and one paternal allele . Usually , the two alleles share the same fate regarding their activity , with both copies being active or both being silent . An exception to this rule are genes that are regulated by genomic imprinting , where only one ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Genomic Imprinting in the Arabidopsis Embryo Is Partly Regulated by PRC2 |
Correct repair of DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) is critical for maintaining genome stability . Whereas gene conversion ( GC ) -mediated repair is mostly error-free , repair by break-induced replication ( BIR ) is associated with non-reciprocal translocations and loss of heterozygosity . We have previously shown tha... | In budding yeast , DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) are mostly repaired by gene conversion ( GC ) in which an intact region with homology to both ends serves as template for repair . If only one of the DSB ends shares homology with another region , repair proceeds via break-induced replication ( BIR ) , which , unlike... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"translocations",
"dna",
"gene",
"conversion",
"homologous",
"recombination",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"genomics",
"artificial",
"gene",
"amplification",
"and",
"extension",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"chromosomal",
"ab... | 2016 | Role of Double-Strand Break End-Tethering during Gene Conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
RNA interference ( RNAi ) related pathways are essential for germline development and fertility in metazoa and can contribute to inter- and trans-generational inheritance . In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , environmental double-stranded RNA provided by feeding can lead to heritable changes in phenotype and gene ... | Environmental factors such as heat or pathogens influence living organisms , and in some cases these experiences can be passed on to the next generation . One such environmental factor is double stranded RNA that can be taken up by some animals and induce changes in gene expression via small RNA mediated silencing . He... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"rna",
"interference",
"gonads",
"caenorhabditis",
"gene",
"regulation",
"natural",
"antisense",
"transcripts",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"germ",
"cells",
... | 2019 | Tissue- and sex-specific small RNAomes reveal sex differences in response to the environment |
Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is a re-emerging arbovirus responsible for a massive outbreak currently afflicting the Indian Ocean region and India . Infection from CHIKV typically induces a mild disease in humans , characterized by fever , myalgia , arthralgia , and rash . Cases of severe CHIKV infection involving the ce... | Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is transmitted by mosquito bites . CHIKV has recently re-emerged and is responsible for a massive outbreak in the Indian Ocean region and India . It has also reached Italy , indicating that CHIKV has a great potential to spread globally . Infection from CHIKV typically induces a mild disease... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology",
"microbiology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"homo",
"(human)"
] | 2008 | A Mouse Model for Chikungunya: Young Age and Inefficient Type-I Interferon Signaling Are Risk Factors for Severe Disease |
The establishment of latency is an essential step for the life-long persistent infection and pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) . While the KSHV genome is chromatin-free in the virions , the viral DNA in latently infected cells has a chromatin structure with activating and repressive histo... | Although the KSHV genome is linear and chromatin-free in the virions , it circularizes and adopts a repressive chromatin structure in latently infected cells , inhibiting the majority of viral gene expression . In this study , we investigate the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of the pre-latency phase of KSHV infection... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Biphasic Euchromatin-to-Heterochromatin Transition on the KSHV Genome Following De Novo Infection |
Although numerous studies have convincingly demonstrated that sleep plays a critical role in motor sequence learning ( MSL ) consolidation , the specific contribution of the different sleep stages in this type of memory consolidation is still contentious . To probe the role of stage 2 non-REM sleep ( NREM2 ) in this pr... | There is ample evidence that sleep contributes to the consolidation ( from a labile to a robust state ) of a memory trace formed through learning of a new motor sequence , such as piano-playing . Sleep , however , is a complex neurophysiological state comprising several phases , and the role that each phase plays in th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion",
"Method"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"sleep",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"sleep",
"disorders",
"physiological",
"processes",
"analysis",
"of",
"variance",
"cognitive... | 2016 | NREM2 and Sleep Spindles Are Instrumental to the Consolidation of Motor Sequence Memories |
During skeletal morphogenesis diverse mechanisms are used to support bone formation . This can be seen in the bones that require a cartilage template for their development . In mammals the cartilage template is removed , but in zebrafish the cartilage template persists and the bone mineralizes around the cartilage scaf... | During skeletal morphogenesis diverse mechanisms are used to support bone formation , for example some bones require a cartilage template . In mammals the cartilage template is removed , but in zebrafish the cartilage template persists and the bone mineralizes around the cartilage scaffold . Remodeling of unmineralized... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"lysosomes",
"chondrocytes",
"cell",
"processes",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"physiological",
"processes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"o... | 2017 | Kinesin-1 promotes chondrocyte maintenance during skeletal morphogenesis |
The well-recognized phospholipids ( PLs ) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) include several acidic species such as phosphatidylglycerol ( PG ) , cardiolipin , phosphatidylinositol and its mannoside derivatives , in addition to a single basic species , phosphatidylethanolamine . Here we demonstrate that an additiona... | The human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) survives in the hostile intracellular environment , in part , by withstanding the actions of host-induced cationic antimicrobial peptides ( CAMPs ) . Membrane phospholipid composition and the resultant charge could play an important role in Mtb survival within the h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2009 | The Two-Domain LysX Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Required for Production of Lysinylated Phosphatidylglycerol and Resistance to Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides |
Hepatitis C virus is a leading cause of human liver disease worldwide . Recent discovery of the JFH-1 isolate , capable of infecting cell culture , opens new avenues for studying HCV replication . We describe the development of a high-throughput , quantitative , genome-scale , mutational analysis system to study the HC... | Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) is a major human health concern that causes fatal liver diseases . Currently no vaccine is available to prevent HCV infection . Though the HCV was identified two decades ago , the virus has only recently been successfully grown in cell culture conditions . The role of HCV protein and regulator... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"biotechnology/applied",
"microbiology",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology/hepatology",
"oncology/oncology",
"agents",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infecti... | 2008 | High-Resolution Functional Profiling of Hepatitis C Virus Genome |
Rho-GTPases are master regulators of polarity establishment and cell morphology . Positive feedback enables concentration of Rho-GTPases into clusters at the cell cortex , from where they regulate the cytoskeleton . Different cell types reproducibly generate either one ( e . g . the front of a migrating cell ) or sever... | Cell morphology is a critical determinant of cell function , and the conserved Rho-family GTPases ( Cdc42 , Rac , Rho , or Rop in plants ) are key regulators of cell morphology . Rho-GTPases self-organize by concentrating into clusters at the cortex , and several mathematical models have been proposed that capture the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"geometry",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"cell",
"polarity",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"mathematics",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and",
"analys... | 2018 | Principles that govern competition or co-existence in Rho-GTPase driven polarization |
Ebolavirus ( EBOV ) is an enveloped , single-stranded , negative-sense RNA virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever with mortality rates of up to 90% in humans and nonhuman primates . Previous studies suggest roles for clathrin- or caveolae-mediated endocytosis in EBOV entry; however , ebolavirus virions are long , f... | Ebolavirus ( EBOV ) is an enveloped , single-stranded , negative-sense RNA virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in humans and nonhuman primates . Previous studies suggest roles for clathrin- or caveolae-mediated endocytosis in EBOV entry; however , questions remain regarding the mechanis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"cell",
"biology",
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"and",
"cell",
"entry"
] | 2010 | Ebolavirus Is Internalized into Host Cells via Macropinocytosis in a Viral Glycoprotein-Dependent Manner |
We present an in silico drug discovery pipeline developed and applied for the identification and virtual screening of small-molecule Protein-Protein Interaction ( PPI ) compounds that act as dual inhibitors of TNF and RANKL through the trimerization interface . The cheminformatics part of the pipeline was developed by ... | Developing drugs that disrupt protein-protein interactions ( PPIs ) is a difficult task in pharmaceutical research . The interaction between protein Tumor Necrosis Factor ( TNF ) and its receptors is implicated in several physiological functions and diseases , such as rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis , Crohn’s diseas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"dimers",
"(chemical",
"physics)",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"crystal",
"structure",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"protein",
"interactions",
"small",
"molecules",
"condensed... | 2017 | Cheminformatics-aided discovery of small-molecule Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) dual inhibitors of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL) |
The complex life-cycle of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum requires a high degree of tight coordination allowing the parasite to adapt to changing environments . One of the major challenges for the parasite is the human-to-mosquito transmission , which starts with the differentiation of blood stage para... | Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular parasite responsible for the majority of 440 , 000 deaths due to malaria every year . Malaria is a vector-borne disease , transmitted by blood-feeding Anopheles mosquitoes . While the high-replicating red blood cell stages are responsible for the symptoms of malaria , the gametocy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"blood",
"serum",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"body",
"fluids",
"plasmodium",
"gametocytes",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"germ",
"cells",
"zygotes",
"apicomplexa"... | 2018 | A seven-helix protein constitutes stress granules crucial for regulating translation during human-to-mosquito transmission of Plasmodium falciparum |
What cellular and network properties allow reliable neuronal rhythm generation or firing that can be started and stopped by brief synaptic inputs ? We investigate rhythmic activity in an electrically-coupled population of brainstem neurons driving swimming locomotion in young frog tadpoles , and how activity is switche... | Rhythmic actions like chewing , scratching and walking need to be switched on and off . Once started , rhythms are generated by networks of neurons in the brain and spinal cord which drive muscles . We use computer models of the swimming network in young frog tadpoles to ask how electrically-coupled brainstem neurons w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"swimming",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"neural",
"networks",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"biomechanics",
"developmental",
"biology",
"pa... | 2016 | Modelling Feedback Excitation, Pacemaker Properties and Sensory Switching of Electrically Coupled Brainstem Neurons Controlling Rhythmic Activity |
Cell death plays an important role in host-pathogen interactions . Crystal proteins ( toxins ) are essential components of Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) biological pesticides because of their specific toxicity against insects and nematodes . However , the mode of action by which crystal toxins to induce cell death is n... | Necrosis contributes to many devastating pathological conditions , such as neurodegenerative diseases and microbial pathogenesis . Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins are effective biopesticides . Our study reveals that B . thuringiensis Cry6Aa protein triggers the necrosis pathway using Caenorhabditis elegans as a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Protein Cry6Aa Triggers Caenorhabditis elegans Necrosis Pathway Mediated by Aspartic Protease (ASP-1) |
It has recently been proposed by Gunasakaran et al . that allostery may be an intrinsic property of all proteins . Here , we develop a computational method that can determine and quantify allosteric activity in any given protein . Based on Schreiber's transfer entropy formulation , our approach leads to an information ... | Allosteric communication is essential for the function of proteins . Recent work shows that allostery results from dynamic processes in the protein associated with atomic fluctuations leading to entropic interactions that involve ensemble of pathways rather than discrete two state transitions . Based on this new pictur... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"allosteric",
"regulation",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"protein",
"interactions",
"nmr",
"spectroscopy",
"sociology",
"enzymology",
"social",
"sciences",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"nmr",
"relaxation",
"polymerases",
"thermodynamics",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"research",
"and",... | 2017 | Entropy Transfer between Residue Pairs and Allostery in Proteins: Quantifying Allosteric Communication in Ubiquitin |
Osteogenesis imperfecta is an inherited disorder characterized by increased bone fragility , fractures , and osteoporosis , and most cases are caused by mutations affecting the type I collagen genes . Here , we describe a new mouse model for Osteogenesis imperfecta termed Aga2 ( abnormal gait 2 ) that was isolated from... | Osteogenesis imperfecta ( OI ) is a heterogeneous collection of connective tissue disorders typically caused by mutations in the COL1A1/2 genes that encode the chains of type I collagen , the principle structural protein of bone . Phenotypic expression in OI depends on the nature of the mutation , causing a clinical he... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"mammals",
"eukaryotes",
"vertebrates",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"animals",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in a New Mouse Model of Osteogenesis imperfecta |
ClinicalTrials . gov NCT00215267
The ambitious London declaration prompted by the WHO 2012 roadmap to combat neglected tropical diseases commits to global schistosomiasis control by 2020 [1 , 2] . Mass drug administration with praziquantel is the most widely implemented intervention for control . However , the necessit... | Large scale efforts to control schistosomiasis in several sub-Saharan countries are in progress . In order to accurately monitor the effect of interventions , we need diagnostic tools which are highly specific , sensitive , affordable and easy to use and implement . For Schistosoma mansoni detection the circulating cat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"helminths",
"hookworms",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"urine",
"pharmaceutics",
"aquatic",
"environm... | 2017 | Rapid clearance of Schistosoma mansoni circulating cathodic antigen after treatment shown by urine strip tests in a Ugandan fishing community – Relevance for monitoring treatment efficacy and re-infection |
The mechanism underlying the role of Hsp70s in toxicity associated with intracellular accumulation of toxic protein inclusions is under intense investigation . In current study , we examined the roles of all different isoforms of yeast cytosolic Ssa Hsp70 on α-synuclein mediated cellular toxicity . The study showed tha... | The accumulation of protein inclusions is a common feature in many neurodegenerative diseases . The Hsp70 chaperones has emerged as potent suppressor of toxicity caused by protein inclusions such as those formed of α-synuclein and polyQ . The underlying mechanism of Hsp70 mediated effect remains unclear , and it is bel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunoblotting",
"carbohydrates",
"galactose",
"orga... | 2018 | The yeast stress inducible Ssa Hsp70 reduces α-synuclein toxicity by promoting its degradation through autophagy |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.