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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S . Typhi ) , the cause of typhoid fever in humans , is mainly attributed to the acquisition of horizontally acquired DNA elements . Salmonella pathogenicity islands ( SPIs ) are indubitably the most important form of horizontally acquired DNA with respect to path... | The distribution of virulence factors in S . Typhi can vary in isolates from different geographical regions and can have significant effect on the disease control . In this study , we have checked the distribution of 56 reported virulence associated factors in 35 local isolates of S . Typhi to identify any variations t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"salmonella",
"typhi",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"enterobacteriaceae",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"bacteria",
"bacteri... | 2018 | Virulotyping of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from Pakistan: Absence of complete SPI-10 in Vi negative isolates |
Transcranial brain stimulation and evidence of ephaptic coupling have sparked strong interests in understanding the effects of weak electric fields on the dynamics of neuronal populations . While their influence on the subthreshold membrane voltage can be biophysically well explained using spatially extended neuron mod... | The elongated spatial structure of pyramidal neurons , which possess large apical dendrites , plays an important role for the integration of synaptic inputs and mediates sensitivity to weak extracellular electric fields . Modeling studies at the population level greatly contribute to our mechanistic understanding but f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2019 | Weak electric fields promote resonance in neuronal spiking activity: Analytical results from two-compartment cell and network models |
Previous research has documented an increased risk of subfertility in areas of sub-Saharan Africa , as well as an ecological association between urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence and decreased fertility . This pilot project examined reproductive patterns and the potential effects of childhood urogenital Schistosoma... | Infertility is an unwelcome complication of many infectious diseases . In sub-Saharan Africa , where women experience the highest rates of subfertility in the world , the helminthic parasite Schistosoma haematobium , is also highly prevalent . Chronic and repeated infections with S . haematobium cause inflammation of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"urology",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"female",
"infertility",
"education",
"helminths",
"maternal",
"health",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"disease... | 2017 | Cross-sectional interview study of fertility, pregnancy, and urogenital schistosomiasis in coastal Kenya: Documented treatment in childhood is associated with reduced odds of subfertility among adult women |
Mycobacterium africanum is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex ( MTBC ) and an important cause of human tuberculosis in West Africa that is rarely observed elsewhere . Here we genotyped 613 MTBC clinical isolates from Ghana , and searched for associations between the different phylogenetic lineages of MT... | Tuberculosis remains one of the main global public health problems . Human tuberculosis is caused by bacteria known as the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex ( MTBC ) . The MTBC includes a variant called Mycobacterium africanum , which causes up to half of all tuberculosis cases in West Africa . For reasons unknown , M... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"population",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"species",
"interactions",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"mole... | 2015 | Mycobacterium africanum Is Associated with Patient Ethnicity in Ghana |
A comprehensive spatio-temporal description of the tissue movements underlying organogenesis would be an extremely useful resource to developmental biology . Clonal analysis and fate mappings are popular experiments to study tissue movement during morphogenesis . Such experiments allow cell populations to be labeled at... | A comprehensive mathematical description of the growth of an organ can be given by the velocity vectors defining the displacement of each tissue point in a fixed coordinate system plus a description of the degree of mixing between the cells . As an alternative to live imaging , a way to estimate the collection of such ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology/pattern",
"formation",
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology/organogenesis",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2011 | A Computational Clonal Analysis of the Developing Mouse Limb Bud |
Cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) is a major public health problem in Libya . The objective of this study was to investigate , for the first time , epidemiological features of CL outbreaks in Libya including molecular identification of parasites , the geographical distribution of cases and possible scenarios of parasite t... | Cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania . The disease is characterized by the formation of chronic skin lesions followed by permanent scars and deformation of the infected area . It is distributed in many tropical and subtropical countries with more than 2 million cases e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"leishmania",
"clinical",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"... | 2012 | First Molecular Epidemiological Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Libya |
The stereotyped striation of myofibrils is a conserved feature of muscle organization that is critical to its function . Although most components that constitute the basic myofibrils are well-characterized biochemically and are conserved across the animal kingdom , the mechanisms leading to the precise assembly of sarc... | Muscle functionality relies on the correct assembly of myofibrils , which are composed of tandem arrays of basic functional contractile units called the sarcomeres . Many mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins cause muscle diseases such as congenital myopathy and dilated cardiac hypertrophy . Understanding the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"cell",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Sarcomere Formation Occurs by the Assembly of Multiple Latent Protein Complexes |
Hereditary hearing loss is one of the most common birth defects , yet the majority of genes required for audition is thought to remain unidentified . Ethylnitrosourea ( ENU ) –mutagenesis has been a valuable approach for generating new animal models of deafness and discovering previously unrecognized gene functions . H... | Hereditary deafness is a common birth defect in the human population , yet the majority of genes required for audition is thought to be unidentified . Genetic approaches in the mouse have greatly contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie hearing . Random mutagenesis of mice , identifica... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiology/sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems",
"otolaryngology/audiology",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"adhesion",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms"
] | 2009 | A Claudin-9–Based Ion Permeability Barrier Is Essential for Hearing |
Plasmodium vivax causes the majority of malaria outside Africa , but is poorly understood at a cellular level partly due to technical difficulties in maintaining it in in vitro culture conditions . In the past decades , drug resistant P . vivax parasites have emerged , mainly in Southeast Asia , but while some molecula... | Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent human malaria pathogen worldwide , but little is known about its biology as the majority of experimental studies have focused on Plasmodium falciparum , the main cause of malaria in Africa . We therefore know little about the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance in P . vivax a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"transfection",
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pyrimethamine",
"plasmodium",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"antimalarials",
"parasitology",
"apicomplexa",
"protein",
"expression",
"pharmacology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
... | 2019 | Plasmodium knowlesi as a model system for characterising Plasmodium vivax drug resistance candidate genes |
Bacterial AvrE-family Type-III effector proteins ( T3Es ) contribute significantly to the virulence of plant-pathogenic species of Pseudomonas , Pantoea , Ralstonia , Erwinia , Dickeya and Pectobacterium , with hosts ranging from monocots to dicots . However , the mode of action of AvrE-family T3Es remains enigmatic , ... | Gram-negative bacterial pathogens employ type-III effector ( T3E ) proteins to suppress host immunity and promote disease symptoms . AvrE-family T3Es , which are widely distributed among plant-pathogenic bacteria , suppress host defense responses and also contribute to water-soaking , which is perhaps the most common s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"cell",
"processes",
"brassica",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"cereal",
"crops",
"fungi",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"crops",
"plant",
"pathology",
"seedlings",
"plants",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"... | 2016 | Direct and Indirect Targeting of PP2A by Conserved Bacterial Type-III Effector Proteins |
Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) in human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) co-infected patients requires special case management . AmBisome monotherapy at 40 mg/kg is recommended by the World Health Organization . The objective of the study was to assess if a combination of a lower dose of AmBisome with miltefosine would sh... | Visceral Leishmaniasis is a complex parasitological disease and is particularly challenging to treat in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) . Antimonial drugs used in first-line treatments for immunocompetent patients in eastern Africa are more toxic in immunocompromised patients . In 2010 , a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
... | 2019 | A randomized trial of AmBisome monotherapy and AmBisome and miltefosine combination to treat visceral leishmaniasis in HIV co-infected patients in Ethiopia |
At the site of microbial infections , the significant influx of immune effector cells and the necrosis of tissue by the invading pathogen generate hypoxic microenvironments in which both the pathogen and host cells must survive . Currently , whether hypoxia adaptation is an important virulence attribute of opportunisti... | The incidence of potentially lethal infections caused by normally benign molds has increased tremendously over the last two decades . One disease in particular , invasive pulmonary aspergillosis ( IPA ) , caused by the common mold Aspergillus fumigatus , has become the leading cause of death due to invasive mycoses . C... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/fungal",
"infections",
"microbiology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology"
] | 2008 | A Sterol-Regulatory Element Binding Protein Is Required for Cell Polarity, Hypoxia Adaptation, Azole Drug Resistance, and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus |
Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that is preventable in humans by appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis ( PEP ) . However , current PEP relies on polyclonal immune globulin products purified from pooled human ( HRIG ) or equine ( ERIG ) plasma that are either in chronic shortage or in association with safety conc... | Rabies is a preventable viral disease and yet human rabies is still prevalent in many less-developed parts of the world . In those regions , the majority of human rabies deaths has been attributed to the low availability and poor accessibility of human antibodies ( human immunoglobulin , HRIG ) , which can only be obta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"post-exposure",
"prophylaxis",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mamm... | 2017 | SYN023, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody cocktail, for post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies |
The main function attributed to the Rev proteins of immunodeficiency viruses is the shuttling of viral RNAs containing the Rev responsive element ( RRE ) via the CRM-1 export pathway from the nucleus to the cytoplasm . This restricts expression of structural proteins to the late phase of the lentiviral replication cycl... | The AIDS pandemic is still an important public health problem , particularly in developing countries . A comprehensive understanding of the HIV replication cycle might allow development of new therapeutics . Despite 20 years of extensive research , the intracellular fate of the different RNAs produced during virus repl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"cell",
"biology",
"virology"
] | 2007 | Rev Proteins of Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Enhance RNA Encapsidation |
It is unknown whether the mammalian cell cycle could impact the assembly of viruses maturing in the nucleus . We addressed this question using MVM , a reference member of the icosahedral ssDNA nuclear parvoviruses , which requires cell proliferation to infect by mechanisms partly understood . Constitutively expressed M... | Cellular and viral life cycles are connected through multiple , though poorly understood , mechanisms . Parvoviruses infect humans and a broad spectrum of animals , causing a variety of diseases , but they are also used in experimental cancer therapy and serve as vectors for gene therapy . Parvoviruses can only multipl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Mammalian Cell Cycle Regulates Parvovirus Nuclear Capsid Assembly |
Since the first recorded infection of humans with H5N1 viruses of avian origin in 1997 , sporadic human infections continue to occur with a staggering mortality rate of >60% . Although sustained human-to-human transmission has not occurred yet , there is a growing concern that these H5N1 viruses might acquire this trai... | Outbreaks of avian influenza ( AI ) viruses have continued in chickens in Southeast Asia , coupled with regular instances of direct bird to human transmission , with extremely high case fatality rates . The mechanisms underlying the disease pathogenesis and high mortality rate in humans are not well understood . In par... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/immune",
"response"
] | 2010 | Viral Replication Rate Regulates Clinical Outcome and CD8 T Cell Responses during Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in Mice |
HLA class I glycoproteins contain the functional sites that bind peptide antigens and engage lymphocyte receptors . Recently , clinical application of sequence-based HLA typing has uncovered an unprecedented number of novel HLA class I alleles . Here we define the nature and extent of the variation in 3 , 489 HLA-A , 4... | The HLA complex is a region of the human genome containing immune system genes . Our study concerns those HLA genes that orchestrate defense against viral infections . Distinguishing HLA genes from other human genes is their extensive variation within individuals , families and populations . One advantage of this genet... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"alleles",
"multiple",
"alignment",
"calculation",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"alignment",
... | 2017 | Distinguishing functional polymorphism from random variation in the sequences of >10,000 HLA-A, -B and -C alleles |
Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms ( sSNPs ) are considered neutral for protein function , as by definition they exchange only codons , not amino acids . We identified an sSNP that modifies the local translation speed of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) , leading to detrimental c... | Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms ( sSNPs ) occur at high frequency in the human genome and are associated with ~50 diseases in humans; the responsible molecular mechanisms remain enigmatic . Here , we investigate the impact of the common sSNP , T2562G , on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"transfer",
"rna",
"single",
"channel",
"recording",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"hela",
"cells",
"biological",
"cultures",
"genetic",
"diseases",
"fibrosis",
"messenger",
"rna",
"pulmonology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"cystic",
"fibrosis... | 2017 | Alteration of protein function by a silent polymorphism linked to tRNA abundance |
Trachoma , caused by ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection , is the leading infectious cause of blindess , but its prevalence is now falling in many countries . As the prevalence falls , an increasing proportion of individuals with clinical signs of follicular trachoma ( TF ) is not infected with C . trachomatis . A r... | Trachoma , the world's leading infectious cause of blindness , is caused by ocular infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis . In low-prevalence settings and following mass treatment campaigns , clinically active follicular trachoma ( TF ) can be found in the absence of C . trachomatis infection . We carried o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"trachoma",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"ophthalmology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | Association between Ocular Bacterial Carriage and Follicular Trachoma Following Mass Azithromycin Distribution in The Gambia |
Oral cholera vaccines ( OCVs ) are relatively new public health interventions , and limited data exist on the potential impact of OCV use on traditional cholera prevention and control measures—safe water , sanitation and hygiene ( WaSH ) . To assess OCV acceptability and knowledge , attitudes , and practices ( KAPs ) r... | Safe water , sanitation , and hygiene ( WaSH ) are the primary measures for cholera prevention and control . Since 2010 , oral cholera vaccines ( OCVs ) have been recommended as an additional tool for endemic and epidemic cholera prevention and control . Given the relatively new use of OCVs in public health programs , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"water",
"resources",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"health",
"care",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"resear... | 2016 | Use of Oral Cholera Vaccine and Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in a Long-Standing Refugee Camp, Thailand, 2012-2014 |
Integrated constraint-based metabolic and regulatory models can accurately predict cellular growth phenotypes arising from genetic and environmental perturbations . Challenges in constructing such models involve the limited availability of information about transcription factor—gene target interactions and computationa... | Computational models of biological networks are useful for explaining experimental observations and predicting phenotypic behaviors . The construction of genome-scale metabolic and regulatory models is still a labor-intensive process , even with the availability of genome sequences and high-throughput datasets . Since ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology/metabolic",
"networks",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"computational",
"biology/s... | 2010 | An Automated Phenotype-Driven Approach (GeneForce) for Refining Metabolic and Regulatory Models |
Macrophage-specific expression of Arginase-1 is commonly believed to promote inflammation , fibrosis , and wound healing by enhancing L-proline , polyamine , and Th2 cytokine production . Here , however , we show that macrophage-specific Arg1 functions as an inhibitor of inflammation and fibrosis following infection wi... | While the function of NOS2 in Th1-type immunity has been investigated extensively , the role of Arg1 in the regulation of Th2-type responses is unclear . Previously , we showed that proline production in AAMs is regulated by Arg1 activity . Because proline is essential for collagen synthesis in myofibroblasts , numerou... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/immune",
"response"
] | 2009 | Arginase-1–Expressing Macrophages Suppress Th2 Cytokine–Driven Inflammation and Fibrosis |
Genetic defects in the dystrophin-associated protein complex ( DAPC ) are responsible for a variety of pathological conditions including muscular dystrophy , cardiomyopathy , and vasospasm . Conserved DAPC components from humans to Caenorhabditis elegans suggest a similar molecular function . C . elegans DAPC mutants e... | Dystrophin is a long rod-shaped protein that forms a complex with several membrane and cytoplasmic proteins in muscle . Genetic defects in components of this dystrophin complex are responsible for many forms of muscular dystrophy , including Duchenne muscular dystrophy . C . elegans possesses the dystrophin complex and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease"
] | 2009 | The Dystrophin Complex Controls BK Channel Localization and Muscle Activity in Caenorhabditis elegans |
The V1/V2 region and the V3 loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type I ( HIV-1 ) envelope ( Env ) protein are targets for neutralizing antibodies and also play an important functional role , with the V3 loop largely determining whether a virus uses CCR5 ( R5 ) , CXCR4 ( X4 ) , or either coreceptor ( R5X4 ) to infe... | The envelope protein of HIV-1 is responsible for binding virus to the surface of cells and mediating viral entry . Viral entry can be prevented by neutralizing antibodies that bind to envelope , and by small molecule inhibitors that bind to viral receptors on the cell surface , such as CCR5 . HIV may acquire resistance... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"viruses",
"in",
"vitro",
"virology"
] | 2007 | V3 Loop Truncations in HIV-1 Envelope Impart Resistance to Coreceptor Inhibitors and Enhanced Sensitivity to Neutralizing Antibodies |
Interconversion of UDP-glucose ( UDP-Glc ) and UDP-galactose ( UDP-Gal ) by the UDP-Glc 4´-epimerase intimately connects the biosynthesis of these two nucleotide sugars . Their de novo biosynthesis involves transformation of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose-1-phosphate by the phosphoglucomutase and subsequent activatio... | Leishmaniases are a set of tropical and sub-tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania . They affect about 12 million people and cause a high morbidity . Since treatments against all forms of leishmaniasis are limited in number and efficacy , many efforts are made to identify potential drug... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Depletion of UDP-Glucose and UDP-Galactose Using a Degron System Leads to Growth Cessation of Leishmania major |
Dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria repens is an important mosquito vector borne parasitosis , and the dog represents the natural host and reservoir of the parasite . This filarial nematode can also induce disease in humans , and in the last decades an increasing number of cases have been being reported . The present study d... | Dirofilaria repens is a filarial nematode which mainly infests the dog , but humans may be occasionally infested , too . The spread of the parasite is mediated by a number of mosquitoes species , which are well recognized as vectors of D . repens . The majority of reports of the disease come from the European Countries... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"mammals",
"dogs",
"health",
"care",
"nematode",
"infections",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techn... | 2016 | Development and Application of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Approach for the Rapid Detection of Dirofilaria repens from Biological Samples |
Domestic dogs exhibit tremendous phenotypic diversity , including a greater variation in body size than any other terrestrial mammal . Here , we generate a high density map of canine genetic variation by genotyping 915 dogs from 80 domestic dog breeds , 83 wild canids , and 10 outbred African shelter dogs across 60 , 9... | Dogs offer a unique system for the study of genes controlling morphology . DNA from 915 dogs from 80 domestic breeds , as well as a set of feral dogs , was tested at over 60 , 000 points of variation and the dataset analyzed using novel methods to find loci regulating body size , head shape , leg length , ear position ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/animal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | A Simple Genetic Architecture Underlies Morphological Variation in Dogs |
Coronary heart disease ( CHD ) is the leading cause of mortality in both developed and developing countries worldwide . Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have now identified 46 independent susceptibility loci for CHD , however , the biological and disease-relevant mechanisms for these associations remain elusive... | As much as half of the risk of developing coronary heart disease is genetically predetermined . Genome-wide association studies in human populations have now uncovered multiple sites of common genetic variation associated with heart disease . However , the biological mechanisms responsible for linking the disease assoc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"coronary",
"artery",
"disease",
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"functional",
"genomics",
"cardiovascular",
"atherosclerosis",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"epidemiology",
"disease",
"mapping",
"cardiovascular",
"disease",
"epidemio... | 2013 | Disease-Related Growth Factor and Embryonic Signaling Pathways Modulate an Enhancer of TCF21 Expression at the 6q23.2 Coronary Heart Disease Locus |
Envenomation by the bushmaster snake Lachesis muta muta is considered severe , characterized by local effects including necrosis , the main cause of permanent disability . However , cellular mechanisms related to cell death and tissue destruction , triggered by snake venoms , are poorly explored . The purpose of this s... | In this work , we investigate cellular events and mechanisms involved in in cellulo envenomation by Lachesis muta muta snake , which is one of the snakes responsible for the ophidic accidents in Brazil . Since the venom pathological effects are related to local symptoms such as edema and tissue necrosis , we evaluate v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"keratinocytes",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cell",
"processes",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"e... | 2018 | In vitro assessment of cytotoxic activities of Lachesis muta muta snake venom |
Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies ( bnAbs ) targeting envelope ( Env ) is a major goal of HIV vaccine development , but cross-clade breadth from immunization has only sporadically been observed . Recently , Xu et al ( 2018 ) elicited cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses in a variety of animal models u... | A major goal of HIV-1 vaccine design is to elicit antibodies that neutralize diverse strains of HIV-1 . Recently , some of us elicited such antibodies in animal models using immunogens based on the epitope of a broad antibody ( VRC34 . 01 ) isolated from an infected individual . Further improving these vaccine-elicited... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"immune",
"physiology",
"crystal",
"structure",
"immunology",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"microbiology",
"electron",
"cryo-microscopy",
"microscopy",
"glycosylation",
"crystallography",
"antibodies",
"... | 2018 | Complete functional mapping of infection- and vaccine-elicited antibodies against the fusion peptide of HIV |
Receptor phosphorylation is thought to be tightly regulated because phosphorylated receptors initiate signaling cascades leading to cellular activation . The T cell antigen receptor ( TCR ) on the surface of T cells is phosphorylated by the kinase Lck and dephosphorylated by the phosphatase CD45 on multiple immunorecep... | Recognition of antigen by the T cell antigen receptor ( TCR ) is a central event in the initiation of adaptive immune responses and for this reason the TCR has been extensively studied . Multiple studies performed over the past 20 years have revealed intriguing findings that include the observation that the TCR has mul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"immune",
"cells",
"mathematics",
"immunity",
"enzymes",
"t",
"cells",
"biophysics",
"theory",
"immunology",
"biology",
"enzyme",
"kinetics",
"biophysics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Systems Model of T Cell Receptor Proximal Signaling Reveals Emergent Ultrasensitivity |
Dengue virus is responsible for the highest rates of disease and mortality among the members of the Flavivirus genus . Dengue epidemics are still occurring around the world , indicating an urgent need of prophylactic vaccines and antivirals . In recent years , a great deal has been learned about the mechanisms of dengu... | Dengue virus is the single most significant arthropod-borne virus pathogen in humans . In spite of the urgent medical need to control dengue infections , vaccines are still unavailable , and many aspects of dengue virus biology and pathogenesis remain elusive . We discovered a link between dengue virus replication and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virion",
"structure,",
"assembly,",
"and",
"egress",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"virology"
] | 2009 | Dengue Virus Capsid Protein Usurps Lipid Droplets for Viral Particle Formation |
Filarial parasites can be targeted by antibiotic treatment due to their unique endosymbiotic relationship with Wolbachia bacteria . This finding has led to successful treatment strategies in both , human onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis . A 4–6 week treatment course using doxycycline results in long-term sterili... | Over the past years , more attention has been brought to neglected tropical diseases including lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis . The latter are caused by helminthic parasites and lead to chronic and debilitating symptoms and present a major health burden that also affects the economy of endemic countries . It h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"wolbachia",
"routes",
"of",
"administration",
"tetracyclines",
"pharmaceutics",
"antibiotics",
"drug",
"administration",
"pharmacology",
"oral",
"administration",
"... | 2018 | Combinations of registered drugs reduce treatment times required to deplete Wolbachia in the Litomosoides sigmodontis mouse model |
The parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease , which remains a serious public health concern and continues to victimize thousands of people , primarily in the poorest regions of Latin America . In the search for new therapeutic drugs against T . cruzi , here we have evaluated both the in vitro and the in vivo a... | The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease , a condition that affects the poorest regions of Latin America mainly . The chronic phase of this disease disables thousands of patients , constituting an important public health issue . The pharmacotherapy that is currently applied to treat the disease em... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chagas",
"disease",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"protozoan",
"infections",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | In Vitro and In Vivo Trypanocidal Activity of H2bdtc-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles |
The induction of hepatic stellate cell ( HSC ) apoptosis has potential as a potent strategy to diminish the progression of liver fibrosis . Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of soluble egg antigens ( SEA ) from schistosomes to inhibit HSC activation and to induce apoptosis in vitro . In this study , we aim... | Schistosomiasis , caused by schistosomes , is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections , and often results in chronic hepatic fibrosis . The induction of HSC apoptosis reverses schistosome-induced hepatic fibrosis . Previous studies have demonstrated that soluble egg antigens ( SEA ) from schistosomes could inhib... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"biology",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"parasitology"
] | 2014 | Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigens Facilitate Hepatic Stellate Cell Apoptosis by Downregulating Akt Expression and Upregulating p53 and DR5 Expression |
Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans is characterized by widespread physiological and molecular changes , but the mechanisms that determine the rate at which these changes occur are not well understood . In this study , we identify a novel link between reproductive aging and somatic aging in C . elegans . By measuring globa... | To understand the process of aging at the molecular level in C . elegans , we measured changes in protein abundance with age , determined whether these age-related protein changes lead to dysfunction in old animals , and have elucidated one of the upstream pathways responsible for these aging changes . We found that eg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Reproductive Aging Drives Protein Accumulation in the Uterus and Limits Lifespan in C. elegans |
Mosquito-borne Zika virus ( ZIKV ) typically causes a mild and self-limiting illness known as Zika fever , which often is accompanied by maculopapular rash , headache , and myalgia . During the current outbreak in South America , ZIKV infection during pregnancy has been hypothesized to cause microcephaly and other dise... | Zika virus ( ZIKV ) is an arbovirus that belongs to the family Flaviridae . It currently is causing an explosive outbreak of febrile disease in the Americas . In humans , ZIKV infection typically causes a mild and self-limiting illness known as Zika fever , which often is accompanied by maculopapular rash , headache , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"viruses",
"animal",
"models",... | 2016 | Characterization of Lethal Zika Virus Infection in AG129 Mice |
The type III secretion system is an essential component for virulence in many Gram-negative bacteria . Though components of the secretion system apparatus are conserved , its substrates—effector proteins—are not . We have used a novel computational approach to confidently identify new secreted effectors by integrating ... | Pathogenic bacteria release a number of different proteins that function to interfere with host defenses and allow bacterial invasion , persistence , and replication in the host . In many bacterial pathogens , the type III secretion system is used to inject these virulence factors directly to the cytoplasm of the host ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"microbiology/plant-biotic",
"interactions",
"computational",
"biology/sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"computational",... | 2009 | Accurate Prediction of Secreted Substrates and Identification of a Conserved Putative Secretion Signal for Type III Secretion Systems |
Antibody diversification necessitates targeted mutation of regions within the immunoglobulin locus by activation-induced cytidine deaminase ( AID ) . While AID is known to act on single-stranded DNA ( ssDNA ) , the source , structure , and distribution of these substrates in vivo remain unclear . Using the technique of... | Creating an effective antibody-mediated immune response relies on processes that create antibodies of high affinity and of different functions in order to clear pathogens . Activation-induced cytidine deaminase ( AID ) is an essential B cell–specific factor that is known to initiate these processes by deaminating dC on... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Negative Supercoiling Creates Single-Stranded Patches of DNA That Are Substrates for AID–Mediated Mutagenesis |
Lymphadenopathy is a hallmark of acute infection with Borrelia burgdorferi , a tick-borne spirochete and causative agent of Lyme borreliosis , but the underlying causes and the functional consequences of this lymph node enlargement have not been revealed . The present study demonstrates that extracellular , live spiroc... | Acute Lyme Disease is one of the most important emerging diseases in the US . People with acute Lyme disease often develop swollen lymph nodes , or lymphadenopathy , but we do not know why this happens or what effect it has on the course of the disease . We show here that when mice are infected with live Borrelia burgd... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"lymphatic",
"system",
"antibodies",
"immunomodulation",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling",
"immune",
"response",
"imm... | 2011 | Lymphoadenopathy during Lyme Borreliosis Is Caused by Spirochete Migration-Induced Specific B Cell Activation |
Marine ecosystems are changing rapidly as the oceans warm and become more acidic . The physical factors and the changes to ocean chemistry that they drive can all be measured with great precision . Changes in the biological composition of communities in different ocean regions are far more challenging to measure becaus... | All environments contain genetic remnants of the life they contain and support . For example , samples collected from the ocean contain biological material such as microscopic organisms , shed cells , excrement and saliva—the DNA from which reveals the surrounding marine biodiversity . Environmental DNA ( eDNA ) approa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"invertebrates",
"fish",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"marine",
"ecosystems",
"vertebrates",
"biodiversity",
"marine",
"biology",
"animals",
"marine",
"fish",
"copepods",
"data",
"management",
"aquatic",
"environments",
"crustaceans",
"marine... | 2019 | Marine environmental DNA biomonitoring reveals seasonal patterns in biodiversity and identifies ecosystem responses to anomalous climatic events |
Many dynamical networks , such as the ones that produce the collective behavior of social insects , operate without any central control , instead arising from local interactions among individuals . A well-studied example is the formation of recruitment trails in ant colonies , but many ant species do not use pheromone ... | Social insect colonies operate without any central control . Their collective behavior arises from local interactions among individuals . Here we present a simple stochastic model of the regulation of foraging by harvester ant ( Pogonomyrmex barbatus ) colonies , which forage for scattered seeds that one ant can retrie... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2012 | The Regulation of Ant Colony Foraging Activity without Spatial Information |
Chemosensory systems ( CSS ) are complex regulatory pathways capable of perceiving external signals and translating them into different cellular behaviors such as motility and development . In the δ-proteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus , chemosensing allows groups of cells to orient themselves and aggregate into speciali... | Myxococcus xanthus is a social bacterium that exhibits a complex life cycle including biofilm formation , microbial predation and the formation of multicellular fruiting bodies . Genomic analyses indicate that M . xanthus produces an unusual number of chemosensory proteins: eight chemosensory systems ( CSS ) and 21 che... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology",
"biology",
"genomics"
] | 2014 | Functional Organization of a Multimodular Bacterial Chemosensory Apparatus |
The DNTM3A and DNMT3B de novo DNA methyltransferases ( DNMTs ) are responsible for setting genomic DNA methylation patterns , a key layer of epigenetic information . Here , using an in vivo episomal methylation assay and extensive bisulfite methylation sequencing , we show that human DNMT3A and DNMT3B possess significa... | The methylation of cytosine bases in DNA represents an extra layer of heritable biological information necessary for regulating gene expression and ensuring genomic stability in mammals . In this paper , we examine the function of the proteins responsible for laying down the initial DNA methylation patterns in the huma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"methylation",
"molecular",
"biology/chromatin",
"structure",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology"
] | 2010 | DNMT3L Modulates Significant and Distinct Flanking Sequence Preference for DNA Methylation by DNMT3A and DNMT3B In Vivo |
The presence of bacteria in the midgut of mosquitoes antagonizes infectious agents , such as Dengue and Plasmodium , acting as a negative factor in the vectorial competence of the mosquito . Therefore , knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of midgut microbiota could help in the development of n... | Mosquitoes are vectors of human pathogens , such as Dengue virus and Malaria parasites , which profoundly affect health worldwide , killing millions of people annually . Recent studies have demonstrated that the presence of bacteria in the gut of mosquitoes is able to antagonize the establishment of pathogens . Therefo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling"
] | 2011 | Blood Meal-Derived Heme Decreases ROS Levels in the Midgut of Aedes aegypti and Allows Proliferation of Intestinal Microbiota |
The microbiome and the phage meta-genome within the human gut are influenced by antibiotic treatments . Identifying a novel mechanism , here we demonstrate that bacteria use the universal communication molecule AI-2 to induce virulence genes and transfer them via phage release . High concentrations ( i . e . 100 μM ) o... | All higher organisms live in intimate contact with bacteria and viruses in their direct environment . Some of these bacteria in our gut can switch between being harmless commensals and causing severe and sometimes lethal infections . This involves a tight regulation of the mechanisms needed to initially colonize and la... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Phage-mediated Dispersal of Biofilm and Distribution of Bacterial Virulence Genes Is Induced by Quorum Sensing |
Monitoring the complex transmission dynamics of a bacterial virus ( temperate phage P22 ) throughout a population of its host ( Salmonella Typhimurium ) at single cell resolution revealed the unexpected existence of a transiently immune subpopulation of host cells that emerged from peculiarities preceding the process o... | Extensive co-evolution with their host has shaped bacterial viruses into the most abundant and sophisticated pathogens known to date . However , how these important viral pathogens manage to safely exploit their host without jeopardizing stable co-existence remains a central question , since horizontal ( lytic ) transm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Viral Transmission Dynamics at Single-Cell Resolution Reveal Transiently Immune Subpopulations Caused by a Carrier State Association |
A fundamental question in embryo morphogenesis is how a complex pattern is established in seemingly uniform tissues . During vertebrate development , neural crest cells differentiate as a continuous mass of tissue along the neural tube and subsequently split into spatially distinct migratory streams to invade the rest ... | A central question in morphogenesis is how complexity arises from unpatterned tissues . One crucial event in vertebrate development is the migration of neural crest cells into stereotypic streams . Cranial neural crest cells start their migration as a single tissue mass but invade their environment and migrate in disti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"statistics",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"xenopus",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"amphibians",
"mathematics",
"stem",
"cells",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems... | 2019 | Neural crest streaming as an emergent property of tissue interactions during morphogenesis |
Developmental patterning requires the precise interplay of numerous intercellular signaling pathways to ensure that cells are properly specified during tissue formation and organogenesis . The spatiotemporal function of many developmental pathways is strongly influenced by the biosynthesis and intracellular trafficking... | The development of complex , multicellular animal tissues requires the coordinated function of many different cell-cell communication pathways , in which secreted or cell-surface-anchored ligands from one cell typically activate a receptor on the surface of other cells , which in turn regulates downstream gene transcri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Disruption of Drosophila melanogaster Lipid Metabolism Genes Causes Tissue Overgrowth Associated with Altered Developmental Signaling |
Diagnosing and treating Alzheimer's and other diseases associated with amyloid fibers remains a great challenge despite intensive research . To aid in this effort , we present atomic structures of fiber-forming segments of proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease in complex with small molecule binders , determined by X... | The devastating and incurable dementia known as Alzheimer's disease affects the thinking , memory , and behavior of dozens of millions of people worldwide . Although amyloid fibers and oligomers of two proteins , tau and amyloid-β , have been identified in association with this disease , the development of diagnostics ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"proteins",
"protein",
"folding",
"small",
"molecules",
"protein",
"structure",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"drug",
"discovery"
] | 2011 | Towards a Pharmacophore for Amyloid |
In immunocompromised individuals , Aspergillus fumigatus causes invasive fungal disease that is often difficult to treat . Exactly how immune mechanisms control A . fumigatus in immunocompetent individuals remains unclear . Here , we use transparent zebrafish larvae to visualize and quantify neutrophil and macrophage b... | Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to invasive fungal infections , including aspergillosis . However , healthy humans inhale spores of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus from the environment every day without becoming sick , and how the immune system clears this infection is still obscure . Additionally , there a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"fungal",
"spores",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"aspergillus",
"fumigatus",
"fish",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"aspergillus",
"fungal",
"spore",
"germination",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology"... | 2018 | Macrophages inhibit Aspergillus fumigatus germination and neutrophil-mediated fungal killing |
The mammalian Cdkn2a ( Ink4a-Arf ) locus encodes two tumor suppressor proteins ( p16Ink4a and p19Arf ) that respectively enforce the anti-proliferative functions of the retinoblastoma protein ( Rb ) and the p53 transcription factor in response to oncogenic stress . Although p19Arf is not normally detected in tissues of... | The intimately linked Arf and Ink4a genes , encoded in part by overlapping reading frames within the Cdkn2a locus , are induced by oncogenic stress , activating the p53 and Rb tumor suppressors , respectively , to inhibit proliferation of incipient cancer cells . As such , expression of the p19Arf and p16Ink4a proteins... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"meiosis",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"animal",
"genetics",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"gene",
"function",
"germ",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"mitosis",
"oncology",
"developmental",
"biology",
... | 2011 | Expression of Arf Tumor Suppressor in Spermatogonia Facilitates Meiotic Progression in Male Germ Cells |
In Drosophila , A-to-I editing is prevalent in the brain , and mutations in the editing enzyme ADAR correlate with specific behavioral defects . Here we demonstrate a role for ADAR in behavioral temperature adaptation in Drosophila . Although there is a higher level of editing at lower temperatures , at 29°C more sites... | In this work , we study one of the most abundant , yet poorly characterized genomic phenomena that has the potential to change the basic biological dogma–RNA editing , which creates transcriptome diversity by transforming adenosine into guanosine in RNA sequences . Such alteration , which is performed by ADAR family of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"glycosylamines",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"genome",
"analysis",
"drosophila",
"adenosine",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
... | 2017 | Dynamic hyper-editing underlies temperature adaptation in Drosophila |
Aedes aegypti carries several viruses of public health importance , including the dengue virus . Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world . Prevention and control of dengue mainly rely on mosquito control as there is no antiviral treatment or a WHO-approved vaccine . To reduce the ... | Dengue is considered the most significant mosquito-borne disease , globally . It is transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti throughout most affected countries . In order to prevent dengue , most control efforts focus on removing Ae . aegypti from the environment , as currently there are no anti-viral treatment or WHO... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"vaccines",
"developmental",
"biology",
"pupae",
"urban",
"environments",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"insect",
"vector... | 2018 | Location, seasonal, and functional characteristics of water holding containers with juvenile and pupal Aedes aegypti in Southern Taiwan: A cross-sectional study using hurdle model analyses |
Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) assembly remains a poorly understood process . Lipid droplets ( LDs ) are thought to act as platforms for the assembly of viral components . The JFH1 HCV strain replicates and assembles in association with LD-associated membranes , around which viral core protein is predominantly detected . In... | Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) , an enveloped virus that causes chronic liver infection , encodes a polyprotein that is translated and undergoes maturation by cleavage at the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) . The assembly of the viral structural components , including core , the capsid protein , the E1/E2 envelope glycoprotein... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | A Concerted Action of Hepatitis C Virus P7 and Nonstructural Protein 2 Regulates Core Localization at the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Virus Assembly |
CD103+ and CD11b+ populations of CD11c+MHCIIhi murine dendritic cells ( DCs ) have been shown to carry antigens from the lung through the afferent lymphatics to mediastinal lymph nodes ( MLN ) . We compared the responses of these two DC populations in neonatal and adult mice following intranasal infection with respirat... | Respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) infection is most severe in infants under six months and the most common cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infection in children under five years . Disease is a consequence of virus- and T-cell-mediated pathology . Adaptive immune responses to viral respiratory inf... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immune",
"cells",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbiology",
"lymphoid",
"organs",
"animal",
"models",
"adaptive",
"immunity",
"model",
"organisms",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
... | 2014 | Quantitative and Qualitative Deficits in Neonatal Lung-Migratory Dendritic Cells Impact the Generation of the CD8+ T Cell Response |
Reconstructing cellular signaling networks and understanding how they work are major endeavors in cell biology . The scale and complexity of these networks , however , render their analysis using experimental biology approaches alone very challenging . As a result , computational methods have been developed and combine... | Many cellular behaviors including growth , differentiation , and movement are influenced by external stimuli . Such external stimuli are obtained , processed , and carried to the nucleus by the signaling network—a dense network of cellular biochemical reactions . Beyond being interesting for their role in directing cel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"networks"
] | 2008 | The Signaling Petri Net-Based Simulator: A Non-Parametric Strategy for Characterizing the Dynamics of Cell-Specific Signaling Networks |
Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking is emerging as an important aspect of plant immunity . The three related pathways affecting plant immunity include Nuclear Localization Signal ( NLS ) –mediated nuclear protein import , Nuclear Export Signal ( NES ) –dependent nuclear protein export , and mRNA export relying on MOS3 , a nu... | In eukaryotic cells , mRNAs are synthesized in the nucleus where they are processed ( capped , spliced , poly-adenylated , and carried toward the nuclear pore ) prior to being exported to the cytoplasm for translation . Insights into mRNA export mechanisms have been gained mostly from studies on yeast and humans , whil... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology/plant-biotic",
"interactions",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression"
] | 2010 | MOS11: A New Component in the mRNA Export Pathway |
Lassa fever ( LASF ) is a highly severe viral syndrome endemic to West African countries . Despite the annual high morbidity and mortality caused by LASF , very little is known about the pathophysiology of the disease . Basic research on LASF has been precluded due to the lack of relevant small animal models that repro... | Lassa fever is an arenaviral hemorrhagic fever that causes high morbidity and mortality in West Africa . Unfortunately , the lack of immunocompetent small animal models of disease has precluded understanding of the basic pathophysiology mechanisms of Lassa fever . Here we show how transplantation of a wild-type hematop... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"animal",
"models",
"bone",
"marrow",
"cells",
"model",
"organisms",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"cytotoxic"... | 2016 | Chimeric Mice with Competent Hematopoietic Immunity Reproduce Key Features of Severe Lassa Fever |
ATP-Binding Cassette transporters are ubiquitous membrane proteins that convert the energy from ATP-binding and hydrolysis into conformational changes of the transmembrane region to allow the translocation of substrates against their concentration gradient . Despite the large amount of structural and biochemical data a... | ABC transporters are membrane proteins that couple ATP binding and hydrolysis with the active transport of substrates across membranes . These transporters form one of the largest families of membrane proteins and they can be found in all phyla of life . Moreover , some members of this family are involved in several ge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"molecular",
"mechanics",
"empirical",
"methods",
"lipid",
"structure",
"protein",
"structure",
"chemistry",
"theoretical",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"chemical",
"physics"... | 2011 | Inter-domain Communication Mechanisms in an ABC Importer: A Molecular Dynamics Study of the MalFGK2E Complex |
How dietary restriction ( DR ) increases lifespan and decreases disease burden are questions of major interest in biomedical research . Here we report that hypothalamic expression of CREB-binding protein ( CBP ) and CBP-binding partner Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 ( SATB-1 ) is highly correlated with life... | The simple manipulation of dietary restriction ( DR ) ( reduction of caloric intake by about 30% in rodents ) produces robust increases in lifespan and slows the development of almost all age-related diseases , including cancer and neurological diseases . This relationship between dietary restriction and longevity is o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/aging",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology"
] | 2009 | Role of CBP and SATB-1 in Aging, Dietary Restriction, and Insulin-Like Signaling |
Target of Rapamycin ( TOR ) signalling allows eukaryotic cells to adjust cell growth in response to changes in their nutritional and environmental context . The two distinct TOR complexes ( TORC1/2 ) localise to the cell’s internal membrane compartments; the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) , Golgi apparatus and lysosomes/... | The Target of Rapamycin ( TOR ) pathway plays a central role coordinating cell growth and cell division in response to the different cellular environments . This is achieved by TOR controlling various metabolic processes , cell growth and cell division , and in part by the localisation of TOR protein complexes to speci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"lysosomes",
"vacuoles",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"aliphatic",
"amino",
"acids",
"tor",
"signaling",
"cell",
"processes",
"organic",
"compounds",
"leucine",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"golgi",
"apparatus",
"amino",
"acids",
"cellular",
"structures... | 2016 | Fission Yeast SCYL1/2 Homologue Ppk32: A Novel Regulator of TOR Signalling That Governs Survival during Brefeldin A Induced Stress to Protein Trafficking |
To stabilize our position in space we use visual information as well as non-visual physical motion cues . However , visual cues can be ambiguous: visually perceived motion may be caused by self-movement , movement of the environment , or both . The nervous system must combine the ambiguous visual cues with noisy physic... | Visual cues typically provide ambiguous information about the orientation of our body in space . When we perceive relative motion between ourselves and the environment , it could have been caused by our movement within the environment , or the movement of the environment around us , or the simultaneous movements of bot... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience"
] | 2010 | Self versus Environment Motion in Postural Control |
Identification of cancer driver genes using somatic mutation patterns indicative of positive selection has become a major goal in cancer genomics . However , cancer cells additionally depend on a large number of genes involved in basic cellular processes . While such genes should in theory be subject to strong purifyin... | Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide . It is caused by the accumulation of genetic changes ( i . e . somatic mutations ) in cells , often taking many decades . Like the evolution of a species , the evolution of cancer cells is driven by different selection processes . Changes that are advantageous for... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions",
"Methods"
] | [
"cancer",
"genomics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"oncology",
"mutation",
"drug",
"design",
"silent",
"mutation",
"pharmacology",
"computer-aided",
"drug",
"design",
"proteins",
"somatic",
"mutation",
"biochemistry",
"point",
... | 2016 | Somatic Mutation Patterns in Hemizygous Genomic Regions Unveil Purifying Selection during Tumor Evolution |
Domesticated Asian rice ( Oryza sativa ) is one of the oldest domesticated crop species in the world , having fed more people than any other plant in human history . We report the patterns of DNA sequence variation in rice and its wild ancestor , O . rufipogon , across 111 randomly chosen gene fragments , and use these... | Domesticated Asian rice is one of the oldest and most important crops in the world . Two main rice evolutionary lineages have been identified , and are thought to have been independently domesticated in Asia . We have examined patterns of DNA sequence variation in the genomes of rice and its wild ancestor to make infer... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"plants",
"oryza"
] | 2007 | Genome-Wide Patterns of Nucleotide Polymorphism in Domesticated Rice |
Synonymous relationships among biomedical terms are extensively annotated within specialized terminologies , implying that synonymy is important for practical computational applications within this field . It remains unclear , however , whether text mining actually benefits from documented synonymy and whether existing... | Automated systems that extract and integrate information from the research literature have become common in biomedicine . As the same meaning can be expressed in many distinct but synonymous ways , access to comprehensive thesauri may enable such systems to maximize their performance . Here , we establish the importanc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"text",
"mining",
"data",
"management",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"ontologies",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"information",
"technology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Quantifying the Impact and Extent of Undocumented Biomedical Synonymy |
Impetigo and scabies are endemic diseases in many tropical countries; however the epidemiology of these diseases is poorly understood in many areas , particularly in the Pacific . We conducted three epidemiological studies in 2006 and 2007 to determine the burden of disease due to impetigo and scabies in children in Fi... | Scabies and impetigo are often thought of as nuisance diseases , but have the potential to cause a great deal of morbidity and even mortality if infection becomes complicated . Accurate assessments of these diseases are lacking , particularly in tropical developing countries . We performed a series of studies in infant... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"dermatology/skin",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/skin",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections"
] | 2009 | High Burden of Impetigo and Scabies in a Tropical Country |
Transcriptional inactivation of the budding yeast centromere has been a widely used tool in studies of chromosome segregation and aneuploidy . In haploid cells when an essential chromosome contains a single conditionally inactivated centromere ( GAL-CEN ) , cell growth rate is slowed and segregation fidelity is reduced... | Studies of kinetochore organization and function led to the development of conditionally inactivated centromeres . The most commonly used conditionally inactivated centromere tool is the insertion of a galactose inducible promoter upstream of the centromeric sequence , termed GAL-CEN . Viability of haploid cells contai... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"anaphase",
"centromeres",
"metaphase",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"galactose",
"carbohydrates",
"organic",
"compounds",... | 2016 | A Cohesin-Based Partitioning Mechanism Revealed upon Transcriptional Inactivation of Centromere |
The evolution of drug resistance , a key challenge for our ability to treat and control infections , depends on two processes: de-novo resistance mutations , and the selection for and spread of resistant mutants within a population . Understanding the factors influencing the rates of these two processes is essential fo... | The evolution of drug resistance is a major challenge facing medicine in the 21st century . In the case of malaria parasites , this is particularly apparent , as the introduction of each drug has been followed by the rapid development and spread of resistant parasites . Without a constant supply of new drugs to replace... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mutation",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"evolutionary",
"ecology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"natural",
"selection",
"epidemiology",
"disease",
"dynamics",
"genetics",
"population",
"dynamics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"population",
... | 2014 | Rapid Response to Selection, Competitive Release and Increased Transmission Potential of Artesunate-Selected Plasmodium chabaudi Malaria Parasites |
Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) is a clinically heterogeneous , systemic autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody formation . Previously published genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have investigated SLE as a single phenotype . Therefore , we conducted a GWAS to identify genetic factors associated wi... | Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can involve virtually any organ system . SLE patients produce antibodies that bind to their own cells and proteins ( autoantibodies ) which can cause irreversible organ damage . One particular SLE–related autoantibody directed at double-stranded ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"rheumatology/systemic",
"lupus",
"erythematosos",
"immunology/autoimmunity"
] | 2011 | Differential Genetic Associations for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Based on Anti–dsDNA Autoantibody Production |
Severe dengue with severe plasma leakage ( SD-SPL ) is the most frequent of dengue severe form . Plasma biomarkers for early predictive diagnosis of SD-SPL are required in the primary clinics for the prevention of dengue death . Among 63 confirmed dengue pediatric patients recruited , hospital based longitudinal study ... | Death outcome of dengue infection were mainly involved in pediatric patients with severe plasma leakage , or shock . No biomarker was addressed in the early stage of disease course for timely clinical management . Nineteen differentially expressed proteins were significantly detected in severe dengue patients with seve... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"blood",
"counts",
"biomarkers",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"platelets",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"animal",
"cells",
"proteins",
"structural",
"proteins",
"cell",
"membrane... | 2016 | A Proteomic Approach Identifies Candidate Early Biomarkers to Predict Severe Dengue in Children |
Cell growth is determined by substrate availability and the cell’s metabolic capacity to assimilate substrates into building blocks . Metabolic genes that determine growth rate may interact synergistically or antagonistically , and can accelerate or slow growth , depending on genetic background and environmental condit... | The loss of a metabolic function caused by gene deletion can be compensated , in certain cases , by the concurrent mutation of a second gene . Whether such gene pairs share a local chemical or regulatory relationship or interact via a non-local mechanism has implications for the co-evolution of genetic changes , develo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"mutation",
"deletion",
"mutation",
"mutant",
"strains",
"evolutionary",
"rate",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"evolutionary",
"adaptation",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"processes",
"dna"... | 2018 | Experimental evolution of diverse Escherichia coli metabolic mutants identifies genetic loci for convergent adaptation of growth rate |
The lack of predictive preclinical models is a fundamental barrier to translating knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis of cancer into improved therapies . Insertional mutagenesis ( IM ) in mice is a robust strategy for generating malignancies that recapitulate the extensive inter- and intra-tumoral genetic hetero... | A lack of predictive cancer models is a major bottleneck for prioritizing new anti-cancer drugs for clinical trials . We comprehensively profiled a panel of primary mouse T lineage leukemias initiated by insertional mutagenesis and found remarkable similarities with human T-ALL in regard to overall mutational burden , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"leukemias",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"oncology",
"hematologic",
"cancers",
"and",
"related",
"disorders",
"animal",
"models",
"mutation",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
... | 2019 | Convergent genetic aberrations in murine and human T lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias |
Intercellular communication mediated by gap junction ( GJ ) proteins is indispensable during embryogenesis , tissue regeneration and wound healing . Here we report functional analysis of a gap junction protein , Innexin 2 ( Inx2 ) , in cell type specification during Drosophila oogenesis . Our data reveal a novel involv... | Gap junction mediated intercellular communication modulates several processes during development , morphogenesis and normal tissue homeostasis . While gap junction proteins play an important role during intercellular communication , the underlying molecular mechanism ( s ) as to how they regulate diverse signaling casc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"nervous",
"system",
"cell",
"processes",
"junctional",
"complexes",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"gap",
"junctions",
"animal",
"models",
... | 2017 | A Gap Junction Protein, Inx2, Modulates Calcium Flux to Specify Border Cell Fate during Drosophila oogenesis |
Phlebotomus perniciosus is the main vector in the western Mediterranean area of the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum , the causative agent of canine and human visceral leishmaniases . Infected dogs serve as a reservoir of the disease , and therefore measuring the exposure of dogs to sand fly bites is important fo... | The protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum is a causative agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis , an important and potentially fatal human disease . The main reservoir hosts of this Leishmania species are dogs , and the only proven vectors are phlebotominae sand flies , Phlebotomus perniciosus being considered the m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2014 | Recombinant Antigens from Phlebotomus perniciosus Saliva as Markers of Canine Exposure to Visceral Leishmaniases Vector |
The kinetochore ( centromeric DNA and associated proteins ) is a key determinant for high fidelity chromosome transmission . Evolutionarily conserved Scm3p is an essential component of centromeric chromatin and is required for assembly and function of kinetochores in humans , fission yeast , and budding yeast . Overexp... | Proper chromosome segregation is essential for normal cell proliferation . Segregation errors lead to aneuploidy , a direct cause of birth defects and a hallmark of cancer . The kinetochore ( centromeric DNA and associated proteins ) is one of the key determinants for faithful chromosome transmission . Misregulation of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"centromeres",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Misregulation of Scm3p/HJURP Causes Chromosome Instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Human Cells |
How do we rapidly process incoming streams of information in working memory , a cognitive mechanism central to human behavior ? Dominant views of working memory focus on the prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) , but human hippocampal recordings provide a neurophysiological signature distinct from the PFC . Are these regions inde... | How do we rapidly process incoming streams of information in working memory ? Dominant views of working memory focus on the prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) , but other data suggest a role for the medial temporal lobe ( MTL ) . To delineate whether ( and how ) these brain regions interact during working memory , we recorded d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"prefrontal",
"cortex",
"information",
"processing",
"brain",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"temporal",
"lobe",
... | 2018 | Dynamic frontotemporal systems process space and time in working memory |
Transcriptome analyses indicate that a core 10%–15% of the yeast genome is modulated by a variety of different stresses . However , not all the induced genes undergo translation , and null mutants of many induced genes do not show elevated sensitivity to the particular stress . Elucidation of the RNA lifecycle reveals ... | 10%–15% of the yeast genome is modulated by stress; however , there is a discrepancy between the genes that are upregulated and the sensitivity of the null mutants of those genes to the stress . The question is: what happens to these highly expressed mRNAs ? mRNAs have a complex lifecycle and non-translating mRNAs can ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Sequestration of Highly Expressed mRNAs in Cytoplasmic Granules, P-Bodies, and Stress Granules Enhances Cell Viability |
Trypanosoma brucei relies on an essential Variant Surface Glycoprotein ( VSG ) coat for survival in the mammalian bloodstream . High VSG expression within an expression site body ( ESB ) is mediated by RNA polymerase I ( Pol I ) , which in other eukaryotes exclusively transcribes ribosomal RNA genes ( rDNA ) . As T . b... | Trypanosoma brucei is protected by an essential Variant Surface Glycoprotein ( VSG ) coat in the mammalian bloodstream . The active VSG gene is transcribed by RNA polymerase I ( Pol I ) , which typically only transcribes rDNA . Pol I transcription inhibitors are under clinical trials for cancer chemotherapy . As T . br... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cytotoxicity",
"assay",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"fibroblasts",
"toxicology",
"dna",
"transcription",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"protozoans",
"polymerases",
"... | 2017 | Selective inhibition of RNA polymerase I transcription as a potential approach to treat African trypanosomiasis |
During early development , modulations in the expression of Nodal , a TGFβ family member , determine the specification of embryonic and extra-embryonic cell identities . Nodal has been extensively studied in the mouse , but aspects of its early expression remain unaccounted for . We identified a conserved hotspot for t... | In the early mouse embryo , Nodal , a member of the TGFbeta superfamily of signalling proteins , promotes the differentiation of extra-embryonic tissues , as well as tissues within the developing embryo itself . Characterising the regulation of Nodal gene expression is essential to understand how Nodal signals in diver... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"dna",
"transcription",
"developmental",
"biology",
"stem",
"cells",
"molecular",
"development",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"embryology",
"animal",
"cells",
"embryonic",
"stem",
"cells",
"gene",
"expression",
"signal",
"tra... | 2014 | A Novel Nodal Enhancer Dependent on Pluripotency Factors and Smad2/3 Signaling Conditions a Regulatory Switch During Epiblast Maturation |
Analyses of metagenome data ( MG ) and metatranscriptome data ( MT ) are often challenged by a paucity of complete reference genome sequences and the uneven/low sequencing depth of the constituent organisms in the microbial community , which respectively limit the power of reference-based alignment and de novo sequence... | Accurate analysis of microbial metabolism and function from metagenome and metatranscriptome data sets relies heavily on the comprehensive identification of protein family homologs present in these data . The task is routinely being done through alignment of the individual reads against the profile hidden Markov Models... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"markov",
"models",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"database",
"searching",
"sequence",
"assembly",
"tools",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"mathematics",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"sequence",
"simil... | 2016 | Metagenome and Metatranscriptome Analyses Using Protein Family Profiles |
In eukaryotes , the classical form of programmed cell death ( PCD ) is apoptosis , which has as its specific characteristics DNA fragmentation and membrane depolarization . In Escherichia coli a different PCD system has been reported . It is mediated by the toxin–antitoxin system module mazEF . The E . coli mazEF modul... | The enteric bacterium Escherichia coli , like most other bacteria , carries on its chromosome a pair of genes , mazE and mazF ( mazEF ) : mazF specifies a toxin , and mazE specifies an antitoxin . Previously , we have shown that E . coli mazEF is responsible for bacterial programmed cell death in response to stressors ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"And",
"Methods"
] | [
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Two Programmed Cell Death Systems in Escherichia coli: An Apoptotic-Like Death Is Inhibited by the mazEF-Mediated Death Pathway |
We provide here a comparative genome analysis of 31 strains within the genus Paenibacillus including 11 new genomic sequences of N2-fixing strains . The heterogeneity of the 31 genomes ( 15 N2-fixing and 16 non-N2-fixing Paenibacillus strains ) was reflected in the large size of the shell genome , which makes up approx... | We sequenced the genomes of 11 N2-fixing Paenibacillus strains and demonstrated the genomic diversity of the genus Paenibacillus by comparing these strains to each other and to 20 other strains ( 4 N2-fixing and 16 non-N2-fixing strains ) that were sequenced previously . Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated 275 si... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"genomics"
] | 2014 | Comparative Genomic Analysis of N2-Fixing and Non-N2-Fixing Paenibacillus spp.: Organization, Evolution and Expression of the Nitrogen Fixation Genes |
Rift Valley fever virus ( RVFV , family Bunyaviridae ) is a mosquito-borne pathogen of both livestock and humans , found primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula . The viral genome comprises two negative-sense ( L and M segments ) and one ambisense ( S segment ) RNAs that encode seven proteins . The S ... | Rift Valley fever virus ( RVFV ) is a mosquito-borne bunyavirus found primarily in sub-Saharan Africa that can infect both domestic animals and humans . RVFV has a tripartite RNA genome that encodes seven proteins . The smallest ( S ) segment has an unusual ambisense coding strategy whereby two genes ( for the nucleoca... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"virology",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2014 | The Consequences of Reconfiguring the Ambisense S Genome Segment of Rift Valley Fever Virus on Viral Replication in Mammalian and Mosquito Cells and for Genome Packaging |
Extensive research revealed tremendous details about how plants sense pathogen effectors during effector-triggered immunity ( ETI ) . However , less is known about downstream signaling events . In this report , we demonstrate that prolonged activation of MPK3 and MPK6 , two Arabidopsis pathogen-responsive mitogen-activ... | Plants follow different strategies to defend themselves against pathogens and activate their immune systems once the pathogens have been detected . One of the responses observed is the inhibition of photosynthesis and the global down-regulation of genes that regulate this process , similar to what is frequently observe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"reactive",
"oxygen",
"species",
"polyacrylamide",
"gel",
"electrophoresis",
"blue",
"native",
"polyacrylamide",
"gel",
"electrophoresis",
"plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"processes",
"brassica",
"chloroplasts",
"pigments",
"plan... | 2018 | Active photosynthetic inhibition mediated by MPK3/MPK6 is critical to effector-triggered immunity |
Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is highly prevalent in the Indian state of Bihar and , without proper diagnosis and treatment , is associated with high fatality . However , lack of efficient reporting mechanism had been an impediment in estimating the burden of mortality and its antecedents among symptomatic VL cases . T... | More than 70% cases of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , a parasitic disease transmitted by sand flies , in India are reported from Bihar , a resource-poor state . In absence of early diagnosis and treatment , the fatality is very high among symptomatic VL cases . However , community-based data on VL mortality is limited... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"kala-azar",
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ruminants",
"demography",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"india",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"mammals",
"pharmaceutics",
"neglected",
"tropi... | 2016 | Epidemiologic Correlates of Mortality among Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis Cases: Findings from Situation Assessment in High Endemic Foci in India |
The auto-dissemination approach has been shown effective at treating cryptic refugia that remain unaffected by existing mosquito control methods . This approach relies on adult mosquito behavior to spread larvicide to breeding sites at levels that are lethal to immature mosquitoes . Prior studies demonstrate that ‘diss... | Approximately half of the human population is at risk of dengue . Additional mosquito borne pathogens , e . g . , chikungunya , are spreading globally , as are important mosquito vectors . In the absence of approved vaccines , therapeutant or prophylaxis , vector control remains the only means to combat multiple mosqui... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Male Mosquitoes as Vehicles for Insecticide |
The mechanisms of chronic HBV infection and immunopathogenesis are poorly understood due to a lack of a robust small animal model . Here we report the development of a humanized mouse model with both human immune system and human liver cells by reconstituting the immunodeficient A2/NSG ( NOD . Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/... | Over 350 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) , which leads to severe liver diseases including fibrosis and cancer . The mechanisms of chronic HBV infection and disease are poorly understood due to a lack of a robust small animal model . Here we report a novel animal mode... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"immunology",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Immunopathogenesis in a Humanized Mouse Model: Induction of Human-Specific Liver Fibrosis and M2-Like Macrophages |
Iron plays a central role in host-parasite interactions , since both intervenients need iron for survival and growth , but are sensitive to iron-mediated toxicity . The host's iron overload is often associated with susceptibility to infection . However , it has been previously reported that iron overload prevented the ... | Leishmania are important vector-borne protozoan pathogens that cause different forms of disease , ranging from cutaneous self-healing lesions to life-threatening visceral infection . L . infantum is the most common species causing visceral leishmaniasis in Europe and the Mediterranean basin . Iron plays a critical role... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"immunity",
"innate",
"immunity",
"leishmaniasis",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"mouse",
"parasitology"
] | 2013 | Iron Overload Favors the Elimination of Leishmania infantum from Mouse Tissues through Interaction with Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species |
Streptococcus pneumoniae of serotype 3 possess a mucoid capsule and cause disease associated with high mortality rates relative to other pneumococci . Phylogenetic analysis of a complete reference genome and 81 draft sequences from clonal complex 180 , the predominant serotype 3 clone in much of the world , found most ... | Streptococcus pneumoniae ( ‘the pneumococcus’ ) is a bacterium commonly found asymptomatically in the human nasopharynx that represents a common cause of diseases such as pneumonia , bacteraemia and meningitis . Some strains have been found to exchange DNA with other bacteria at a high rate . However , serotype 3 pneum... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Dominant Role of Nucleotide Substitution in the Diversification of Serotype 3 Pneumococci over Decades and during a Single Infection |
Many organisms respond to DNA damage by inducing expression of DNA repair genes . We find that the human stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori instead induces transcription and translation of natural competence genes , thus increasing transformation frequency . Transcription of a lysozyme-like protein that promotes DNA ... | All organisms have genetic programs to respond to stressful conditions . The human stomach pathogen , Helicobacter pylori , survives on the surface of the stomach lining for the lifetime of its host and causes a chronic inflammatory response . In this niche , H . pylori is likely exposed to constant DNA damage and requ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology/gastrointestinal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"infectious",
"diseas... | 2010 | DNA Damage Triggers Genetic Exchange in Helicobacter pylori |
Unraveling the molecular processes that lead from genotype to phenotype is crucial for the understanding and effective treatment of genetic diseases . Knowledge of the causative genetic defect most often does not enable treatment; therefore , causal intermediates between genotype and phenotype constitute valuable candi... | A long-standing challenge in biology is to unravel the chain of molecular events linking genetic variation to phenotypes like disease . Identifying the genes that act as intermediates between the underlying genetic variation and the disease can offer new ways to intervene in its progression . While large-scale molecula... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Genotype-Environment Interactions Reveal Causal Pathways That Mediate Genetic Effects on Phenotype |
Bartonellae are emerging vector-borne pathogens infecting erythrocytes and endothelial cells of various domestic and wild mammals . Blood samples were collected from domestic and wild canids in Iraq under the United States Army zoonotic disease surveillance program . Serology was performed using an indirect immunofluor... | Bartonellae are emerging vector-borne pathogens infecting erythrocytes and endothelial cells of various domestic and wild mammals . Blood samples were collected from domestic and wild canids in Iraq under the United States Army zoonotic disease surveillance program . Serology was performed using an indirect immunofluor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2012 | Candidatus Bartonella merieuxii, a Potential New Zoonotic Bartonella Species in Canids from Iraq |
The ongoing epidemiological transition in Mexico minimizes the relative impact of neurocysticercosis ( NC ) on public health . However , hard data on the disease frequency are not available . All clinical records from patients admitted in the Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia ( INNN ) at Mexico City in 19... | Human neurocysticercosis is a severe parasitic disease caused by the installation of Taenia solium larvae in the central nervous system . Neurocysticercosis is still deeply rooted in Latin-America , Africa and Asia , where it develops its complete life cycle promoted by poor sanitary conditions . It is also emerging in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"neurological",
"disorders/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"neurological",
"di... | 2010 | Neurocysticercosis, a Persisting Health Problem in Mexico |
Genetic background effects underlie the penetrance of most genetically determined phenotypes , including human diseases . To explore how such effects can modify a mutant phenotype in a genetically tractable system , we examined an incompatibility involving the MLH1 and PMS1 mismatch repair genes using a large populatio... | For many common afflictions , it is difficult to map disease-associated loci because multiple loci are involved , with some loci playing greater roles than others . To explore how complex interactions can contribute to disease , we examined an incompatibility involving the MLH1 and PMS1 DNA mismatch repair proteins in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"replication",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology/recombination",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"molecular",
"biology/molecular",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/dis... | 2008 | Incompatibilities Involving Yeast Mismatch Repair Genes: A Role for Genetic Modifiers and Implications for Disease Penetrance and Variation in Genomic Mutation Rates |
Whole-genome sequencing harbors unprecedented potential for characterization of individual and family genetic variation . Here , we develop a novel synthetic human reference sequence that is ethnically concordant and use it for the analysis of genomes from a nuclear family with history of familial thrombophilia . We de... | An individual's genetic profile plays an important role in determining risk for disease and response to medical therapy . The development of technologies that facilitate rapid whole-genome sequencing will provide unprecedented power in the estimation of disease risk . Here we develop methods to characterize genetic det... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetic",
"mutation",
"genetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Phased Whole-Genome Genetic Risk in a Family Quartet Using a Major Allele Reference Sequence |
The IAEA colony is the only one available for mass rearing of Glossina pallidipes , a vector of human and animal African trypanosomiasis in eastern Africa . This colony is the source for Sterile Insect Technique ( SIT ) programs in East Africa . The source population of this colony is unclear and its genetic diversity ... | There is only one mass reared laboratory colony of Glossina pallidipes , a vector of human African trypanosomiasis and arguably the main vector of animal African trypanosomiasis in eastern Africa . This colony is the main one used for basic research on this species and is intended to be used for Sterile Insect Techniqu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"neutral",
"theory",
"population",
"genetics",
"integrated",
"control",
"effective",
"population",
"size",
"pest",
"control",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"tsetse",
"fly",
"population",
"biology",
"veterinary",
"science",
... | 2014 | Laboratory Colonisation and Genetic Bottlenecks in the Tsetse Fly Glossina pallidipes |
Hidden Markov models ( HMMs ) have been successfully applied to the tasks of transmembrane protein topology prediction and signal peptide prediction . In this paper we expand upon this work by making use of the more powerful class of dynamic Bayesian networks ( DBNs ) . Our model , Philius , is inspired by a previously... | Transmembrane proteins control the flow of information and substances into and out of the cell and are involved in a broad range of biological processes . Their interfacing role makes them rewarding drug targets , and it is estimated that more than 50% of recently launched drugs target membrane proteins . However , exp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/protein",
"structure",
"prediction"
] | 2008 | Transmembrane Topology and Signal Peptide Prediction Using Dynamic Bayesian Networks |
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health threats of the 21st century . There is a pressing need to adopt more efficient treatment strategies in order to prevent the emergence and spread of resistant strains . The common approach is to treat patients with high drug doses , both to clear the infection q... | The obvious goals of antimicrobial drug therapy are rapid patient recovery and low disease prevalence in the population . However , achieving these goals is complicated by the rapid evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance . A sustainable treatment strategy needs to account for the risk of resistance and keep i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"pharmaceutics",
"pharmacology",
"evolutionary",
"emergence",
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"infectious"... | 2019 | Aggressive or moderate drug therapy for infectious diseases? Trade-offs between different treatment goals at the individual and population levels |
Potassium ( K+ ) ion channels switch between open and closed conformations . The nature of this important transition was revealed by comparing the X-ray crystal structures of the MthK channel from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum , obtained in its open conformation , and the KcsA channel from Streptomyces lividans ... | Potassium channels are found , in essence , in all kingdoms of life and all types of cells , and they are involved in key biological processes . For example , they are involved in the generation and propagation of nerve impulses in the synapse and neuron . Mutations in the proteins that form the channel may lead to dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/structural",
"genomics",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"biophysics/structural",
"genomics",
"biophysics/membrane",
"proteins",
"and",
"energy",
"transduction"
] | 2008 | Cooperative Transition between Open and Closed Conformations in Potassium Channels |
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