Search is not available for this dataset
article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
values | title stringlengths 20 281 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rotaviruses are the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in children worldwide . Rotavirus-induced immune responses , especially the T and B cell responses , have been extensively characterized; however , little is known about innate immune mechanisms involved in the control of rotavirus infection . Although in... | Rotaviruses cause severe dehydrating diarrhea and are a leading cause of death in children worldwide . A potent antiviral , interferon-α ( IFNα ) , is rapidly secreted by plasmacytoid dendritic cells ( pDCs ) in response to viral single-stranded RNA or DNA genomes . Here , we examined the effects of rotavirus on pDCs p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"virology/immune",
"evasion",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/gastrointestinal",
"infections",
"virology/host",
"antiviral",
"responses"
] | 2010 | Rotavirus Structural Proteins and dsRNA Are Required for the Human Primary Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell IFNα Response |
Human infection by simian foamy viruses ( SFV ) can be acquired by persons occupationally exposed to non-human primates ( NHP ) or in natural settings . This study aimed at getting better knowledge on SFV transmission dynamics , risk factors for such a zoonotic infection and , searching for intra-familial dissemination... | Most of the viral pathogens that have emerged in humans during the last decades have a zoonotic origin . After the initial interspecies transmission , these viruses have followed different evolutionary routes and have spread among humans through distinct mechanisms . The understanding of the initial steps of the emerge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Frequent and Recent Human Acquisition of Simian Foamy Viruses Through Apes' Bites in Central Africa |
Relatively little is known about the viral factors contributing to the lethality of the 1918 pandemic , although its unparalleled virulence was likely due in part to the newly discovered PB1-F2 protein . This protein , while unnecessary for replication , increases apoptosis in monocytes , alters viral polymerase activi... | Influenza A virus is a respiratory pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality in infected individuals , particularly during pandemics like the 1918–1919 Spanish Flu pandemic . Recent data suggests that the influenza virus PB1-F2 protein contributes to disease severity . Here , we use data from infected mi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics",
"virology/virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"infectious",
"diseases/respiratory",
"infections"
] | 2011 | Effect of 1918 PB1-F2 Expression on Influenza A Virus Infection Kinetics |
Paenibacillus larvae , the etiological agent of the globally occurring epizootic American Foulbrood ( AFB ) of honey bees , causes intestinal infections in honey bee larvae which develop into systemic infections inevitably leading to larval death . Massive brood mortality might eventually lead to collapse of the entire... | American Foulbrood and its etiological agent , Paenibacillus larvae , pose a serious threat to global honey bee health . So far , molecular mechanisms of host-microbe interactions are poorly understood in this system and no key virulence factor for the entire species has been identified . Here , we demonstrate that P .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"gram",
"positive",
"bacteria",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"veterinary",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens... | 2014 | Paenibacillus larvae Chitin-Degrading Protein PlCBP49 Is a Key Virulence Factor in American Foulbrood of Honey Bees |
Neural responses are known to be variable . In order to understand how this neural variability constrains behavioral performance , we need to be able to measure the reliability with which a sensory stimulus is encoded in a given population . However , such measures are challenging for two reasons: First , they must tak... | A central problem in systems neuroscience is to understand how the activity of neural populations is mapped onto behavior . Neural responses in sensory areas vary substantially upon repeated presentations of the same stimulus , and this limits the reliability with which two similar stimuli can be discriminated by any r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Measuring Fisher Information Accurately in Correlated Neural Populations |
Thirteen tubulin protofilaments , made of αβ-tubulin heterodimers , interact laterally to produce cytoskeletal microtubules . Microtubules exhibit the striking property of dynamic instability , manifested in their intermittent growth and shrinkage at both ends . This behavior is key to many cellular processes , such as... | The ability to self-assemble from tubulin dimers in presence of guanosine triphosphate ( GTP ) and spontaneously disassemble , when GTP molecules in tubulin pockets are hydrolyzed , is a dramatic and essential feature of microtubules . This behavior has many important roles , including chromosome segregation in mitosis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"stiffness",
"mechanical",
"properties",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"microtubules",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"statistics",
"multivariate",
"analysis",
"mathematics",
"materials",
"science",
"damage",
"mechanics",
"tubulins",
"oligomers",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"org... | 2019 | Mechanical properties of tubulin intra- and inter-dimer interfaces and their implications for microtubule dynamic instability |
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC ) is one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea . Over the last decade , from 1996 to 2012 , changes in the virulence antigen properties of ETEC such as heat labile ( LT ) and heat stable ( ST ) toxins , colonization factors ( CFs ) , and ‘O’-serogroups have been observe... | Diarrheal diseases constitute a major health problem in Bangladesh , where Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC ) are two most important causes of bacterial diarrhea . Prevention through vaccination is helpful to reduce the incidence and severity of diarrheal disease due to ETEC , particularly am... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Shift in Phenotypic Characteristics of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Isolated from Diarrheal Patients in Bangladesh |
To identify the genes required to sustain aneuploid viability , we screened a deletion library of non-essential genes in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe , in which most types of aneuploidy are eventually lethal to the cell . Aneuploids remain viable for a period of time and can form colonies by reducing the... | Aneuploidy is a major cause of abortive development and is implicated in tumorigenesis in humans . Recent studies revealed that the increased need for protein degradation might account for the detrimental effects of aneuploidy on a cell . Here , we investigated the genetic systems responsible for aneuploid viability . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2012 | The CCR4-NOT Complex Is Implicated in the Viability of Aneuploid Yeasts |
Mechanisms of protective immunity to Staphylococcus aureus infection in humans remain elusive . While the importance of cellular immunity has been shown in mice , T cell responses in humans have not been characterised . Using a murine model of recurrent S . aureus peritonitis , we demonstrated that prior exposure to S ... | Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of skin , soft tissue and bone infections and , most seriously , bloodstream infection . When S . aureus does get into the bloodstream , it is more likely to kill than any other bacterial infection , despite all the treatments modern medicine has to offer . It has thus far devel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Memory Th1 Cells Are Protective in Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Infection |
Chromosomal translocations , which often generate chimeric proteins by fusing segments of two distinct genes , represent the single major genetic aberration leading to cancer . We suggest that the unifying theme of these events is a high level of intrinsic structural disorder , enabling fusion proteins to evade cellula... | Chromosomal translocations generate chimeric proteins by fusing segments of two distinct genes and are frequently associated with cancer . The proteins involved are large and fairly heterogeneous in sequence and typically have only a few dispersed structural domains connected by long uncharacterized regions . It has ne... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"oncology/myeloproliferative",
"disorders,",
"including",
"chronic",
"myeloid",
"leukemia",
"biophysics/structural",
"genomics",
"biophysics/protein",
"folding",
"computational",
"biology/comparative",
... | 2009 | Intrinsic Structural Disorder Confers Cellular Viability on Oncogenic Fusion Proteins |
LPS-activated neutrophils secrete IL-1β by activation of TLR-4 . Based on studies in macrophages , it is likely that ROS and lysosomal destabilization regulated by Syk activation may also be involved . Since neutrophils have abundant expression of the ITIM-containing co-receptor CEACAM1 and Gram-negative bacteria such ... | Pathogens often evade the immune system by directly binding to and inhibiting neutrophils , abundant white cells that accumulate at the site of infection . For example Gram-negative Neisseria pathogens , such as those that cause gonorrhea or meningitis , bind the neutrophil receptor CEACAM1 . Gram-negative bacteria exp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunity",
"immunology",
"biology"
] | 2012 | CEACAM1 Negatively Regulates IL-1β Production in LPS Activated Neutrophils by Recruiting SHP-1 to a SYK-TLR4-CEACAM1 Complex |
The C-terminal domain ( CTD ) of Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) core protein is involved in regulating multiple stages of the HBV lifecycle . CTD phosphorylation correlates with pregenomic-RNA encapsidation during capsid assembly , reverse transcription , and viral transport , although the mechanisms remain unknown . In vit... | A virus particle is a molecular machine that has evolved to self-assemble within the confines of a living cell . For hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) , outside of a cell , the self-assembly process is very aggressive and consequently not specific for viral RNA . Here we show that HBV takes advantage of a host protein , SRPK ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"biochemistry",
"protein",
"chemistry",
"protein",
"interactions",
"proteins",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"structural",
"proteins",
"biology",
"biophysics"
] | 2011 | A Kinase Chaperones Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly and Captures Capsid Dynamics in vitro |
West Nile virus ( WNV ) and St . Louis encephalitis ( SLEV ) virus are enzootically maintained in North America in cycles involving the same mosquito vectors and similar avian hosts . However , these viruses exhibit dissimilar viremia and virulence phenotypes in birds: WNV is associated with high magnitude viremias tha... | Since the identification of West Nile virus ( WNV ) in North America in 1999 , St . Louis encephalitis virus ( SLEV ) cases declined rapidly . Both viruses utilize similar avian hosts and vectors for maintenance of transmission cycles; however , they present different phenotypes in both vector and avian host . In birds... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animal",
"genetics",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"genetic",
"elements",
... | 2018 | West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viral genetic determinants of avian host competence |
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells ( ESCs ) are known to possess a relatively open chromatin structure; yet , despite efforts to characterize the chromatin signatures of ESCs , the role of chromatin compaction in stem cell fate and function remains elusive . Linker histone H1 is important for higher-order chromatin foldi... | The epigenome and chromatin play critical roles in stem cell fate determination . Linker histone H1 is a major chromatin structural protein that facilitates higher-order chromatin folding . By analyzing the differentiation capacity of embryonic stem cells ( ESCs ) that lack multiple H1 subtypes , we find , for the firs... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"dna",
"transcription",
"histone",
"modification",
"developmental",
"biology",
"stem",
"cells",
"chromatin",
"cell",
"potency",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"embryonic",
"stem",
"cells",
"gene",
"expre... | 2012 | Histone H1 Depletion Impairs Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation |
The Madagascar National Strategic Plan for Malaria Control 2018 ( NSP ) outlines malaria control pre-elimination strategies that include detailed goals for mosquito control . Primary surveillance protocols and mosquito control interventions focus on indoor vectors of malaria , while many potential vectors feed and rest... | Malaria continues to be a significant threat to public health in Madagascar . Elimination of this disease is impeded by numerous factors , such as vector surveillance that does little to account for the potential role of secondary malaria vectors , which tend to rest and feed outdoors . In this study , we designed a lo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"body",
"fluids",
"plasmodium",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"plasmodium",
"falciparum",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
... | 2019 | Anopheles mosquito surveillance in Madagascar reveals multiple blood feeding behavior and Plasmodium infection |
Gender remains a recognized but relatively unexamined aspect of the potential challenges for treatment programmes for Neglected Tropical Diseases ( NTDs ) . We sought to explore the role of gender in access to treatment in the Uganda National Neglected Tropical Disease Control Programme . Quantitative and qualitative d... | This study explored gender-related factors that may influence community member access and adherence to treatment programmes for NTDs in Uganda . A large number of previous studies have identified community-based mass-treatment programmes as an effective strategy to treat affected populations . However , limited evidenc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"non-clinical",
"medicine",
"health",
"services",
"research",
"behavioral",
"and",
"social",
"aspects",
"of",
"health",
"health",
"systems",
"strengthening",
"sexual",
"and",
"gender",
"issues",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
... | 2013 | Exploring Gender Dimensions of Treatment Programmes for Neglected Tropical Diseases in Uganda |
The neotropical Drosophila paulistorum superspecies , consisting of at least six geographically overlapping but reproductively isolated semispecies , has been the object of extensive research since at least 1955 , when it was initially trapped mid-evolution in flagrant statu nascendi . In this classic system females ex... | The Drosophila paulistorum species complex serves as a well-studied model system for evaluating the impact of symbiosis on host speciation since they evolve rapidly and comprise an ancestral , but highly dynamic , reservoir of microbial symbionts . Theory and some experimental evidence suggest that in evolutionary long... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/animal",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"ecology",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/animal",
"behavior"
] | 2010 | Infectious Speciation Revisited: Impact of Symbiont-Depletion on Female Fitness and Mating Behavior of Drosophila paulistorum |
Most proteins are regulated by physical interactions with other molecules; some are highly specific , but others interact with many partners . Despite much speculation , we know little about how and why specificity/promiscuity evolves in natural proteins . It is widely assumed that specific proteins evolved from more p... | The functions of most proteins are defined by their interactions with other biological substances , such as DNA , nutrients , hormones , or other proteins . Some proteins are highly specific , but others are more promiscuous and can interact with a variety of natural substances , as well as drugs and pollutants . Under... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"phylogenetics",
"adaptation",
"molecular",
"biology",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"systematics",
"evolutionary",
"processes",
"toxicology"
] | 2012 | Evolution of Minimal Specificity and Promiscuity in Steroid Hormone Receptors |
Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) lytic replication proceeds through an ordered cascade of gene expression that integrates lytic DNA amplification and late gene transcription . We and others previously demonstrated that 6 EBV proteins that have orthologs in β- and γ- , but not in α-herpesviruses , mediate late gene transcript... | Herpesvirus lytic replication is characterized by the expression of early genes prior to viral DNA replication followed by late gene expression . Late genes are not only expressed after DNA replication , but cannot be expressed in its absence . We and others have shown that γ-herpesviruses , such as Epstein-Barr virus ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"viral",
"structure",
"dna",
"transcription",
"viruses",
"dna",
"replication",
"dna",
"viruses",
"sequence",
"m... | 2018 | CAGE-seq analysis of Epstein-Barr virus lytic gene transcription: 3 kinetic classes from 2 mechanisms |
Bacteria have fascinating and diverse social lives . They display coordinated group behaviors regulated by quorum-sensing systems that detect the density of other bacteria around them . A key example of such group behavior is biofilm formation , in which communities of cells attach to a surface and envelope themselves ... | Bacteria are increasingly recognized as highly interactive organisms with complex social lives , which are critical to their capacity to cause disease . In particular , many species inhabit dense , surface-bound communities , termed biofilms , within which they communicate and respond to local cell density through a pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods/Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2008 | The Evolution of Quorum Sensing in Bacterial Biofilms |
The analysis of humoral responses directed against the saliva of blood-sucking arthropods was shown to provide epidemiological biomarkers of human exposure to vector-borne diseases . However , the use of whole saliva as antigen presents several limitations such as problems of mass production , reproducibility and speci... | Increasing interest is paid to blood-sucking arthropod's salivary antigens to develop host direct biomarkers of exposure . Nevertheless use of whole saliva is problematic both because of mass production and specificity issues . Here , we describe an in silico approach we used to identify potential epitopes on the amino... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | In Silico Identification of a Candidate Synthetic Peptide (Tsgf118–43) to Monitor Human Exposure to Tsetse Flies in West Africa |
Developing antiviral therapies for influenza A virus ( IAV ) infection is an ongoing process because of the rapid rate of antigenic mutation and the emergence of drug-resistant viruses . The ideal strategy is to develop drugs that target well-conserved , functionally restricted , and unique surface structures without a... | Influenza A virus nucleoprotein ( NP ) is a highly conserved multifunctional protein that plays an essential role in infection by all subtypes of influenza A virus , making it an attractive target for new antiviral drugs . NP regulates viral polymerase activity and transport of the viral genome into/from the host cell ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Novel Antiviral Target Structure Involved in the RNA Binding, Dimerization, and Nuclear Export Functions of the Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein |
In tropical areas , a major concern regarding snakebites treatment effectiveness relates to the failure in liquid antivenom ( AV ) distribution due to the lack of an adequate cold chain in remote areas . To minimize this problem , freeze-drying has been suggested to improve AV stability . This study compares the safety... | Antivenoms ( AV ) are included in the WHO List of Essential Medicines , being the only treatment available for snakebites envenomings . In Brazil , five types of liquid snake AVs are distributed by the Ministry of Health for national use free of charge to patients . In remote areas , lack of an adequate cold chain impa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"fibrinogen",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"creatine",
"organic",
"compounds",
"toxic",
"a... | 2017 | Safety and efficacy of a freeze-dried trivalent antivenom for snakebites in the Brazilian Amazon: An open randomized controlled phase IIb clinical trial |
Brazil has at least 800 , 000 HTLV-1 infected individuals . HTLV-1 can be transmitted via sexual intercourse , contact with blood and from mother to child , mainly by breastfeeding . Treatments for the high morbidity/mortality associated diseases ( ATL and HAM/TSP ) are limited , therefore , infection prevention is of ... | The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 ( HTLV-1 ) causes lifelong infection in humans . Although most infected individuals remain asymptomatic HTLV-1 causes severe disease in at least 5% of carriers . In the present study we estimate the number of HTLV-1 infections that occur annually due to mother to child transmi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neonatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"maternal",
"health",
"japan",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"pediatrics",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"women's"... | 2018 | Estimation of HTLV-1 vertical transmission cases in Brazil per annum |
Every year millions of people in developing countries suffer from snakebite , causing a large number of deaths and long term complications . Prevention and appropriate first aid could reduce the incidence and improve the health outcomes for those who suffer bites . However , many communities where snakebite is a major ... | Snakebite is a major public health problem , particularly in developing countries in the tropics , and every year millions of people suffer from snakebite causing a large number of deaths and long term complications . Communities’ knowledge about snakebite prevention practices and appropriate basic first aid could redu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Method",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"health",
"education",
"and",
"awareness",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cell",
"processes",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"toxicology",... | 2019 | Inadequate knowledge about snakebite envenoming symptoms and application of harmful first aid methods in the community in high snakebite incidence areas of Myanmar |
A newly arisen Y-chromosome can become established in one part of a species range by genetic drift or through the effects of selection on sexually antagonistic alleles . However , it is difficult to explain why it should then spread throughout the species range after this initial episode . As it spreads into new popula... | Comparisons between related species have shown that , over evolutionary time scales , Y-chromosomes tend to degenerate and can be completely lost . How then can we explain the persistence of Y-chromosomes to the present ? One possibility is that losses are counter-balanced by the origin of new Y chromosomes , which the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/population",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2008 | The Inexorable Spread of a Newly Arisen Neo-Y Chromosome |
Neutrophils are the first infiltrating cell type essential for combating pneumoseptic infections by bacterial pathogens including Klebsiella pneumoniae ( KPn ) . Following an infection or injury , removal of apoptotic infiltrates via a highly regulated process called efferocytosis is required for restoration of homeost... | Inflammatory diseases caused by infectious or sterile injuries are often characterized by pathological accumulation of dead or dying infiltrating cells . Pneumonic sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae ( KPn ) , an opportunistic pathogen , has similar etiology , however , the underlying mechanism remains unknown . Her... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"klebsiella",
"infections",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"neutrophils",
"r... | 2018 | Klebsiella pneumoniae infection of murine neutrophils impairs their efferocytic clearance by modulating cell death machinery |
Leaf growth is a complex process that involves the action of diverse transcription factors ( TFs ) and their downstream gene regulatory networks . In this study , we focus on the functional characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana TF GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR9 ( GRF9 ) and demonstrate that it exerts its negative eff... | Leaves are central plant organs that determine photosynthetic efficiency and thereby biomass production , yet the molecular mechanisms driving and controlling their growth and development are still far from being completely understood . Leaf growth—like other biological processes in different organisms—is controlled by... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"cell",
"processes",
"brassica",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetically",
"modified",
"plants",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"transcri... | 2018 | GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 9 negatively regulates arabidopsis leaf growth by controlling ORG3 and restricting cell proliferation in leaf primordia |
Mucosal leishmaniasis ( ML ) is a progressive disease that affects cartilage and bone structures of the nose and other upper respiratory tract structures . Complications associated with ML have been described , but there is a lack of studies that evaluate the structural changes of the nose and paranasal sinuses in ML u... | Mucosal leishmaniasis ( ML ) is mainly caused by the agent Leishmania ( V . ) brasiliensis and usually occurs months or years after symptomatic or asymptomatic skin infection . Approximately 5% of patients with untreated cutaneous leishmaniasis will develop ML , a presentation that causes significant morbidity in patie... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"rhinology",
"nasal",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"science",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"vete... | 2014 | Facial Structure Alterations and Abnormalities of the Paranasal Sinuses on Multidetector Computed Tomography Scans of Patients with Treated Mucosal Leishmaniasis |
The opportunistic intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease . L . pneumophila delivers nearly 300 effector proteins into host cells for the establishment of a replication-permissive compartment known as the Legionella-containing vacuole ( LCV ) . SidC and its paralog ... | Legionnaires’ disease is caused by the intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila . Successful infection by this bacterium requires a special secretion system that injects nearly 300 effector proteins into the cytoplasm of host cells . The effector SidC and its paralog SdcA anchor on the Legionella-contain... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Structure of the Legionella Virulence Factor, SidC Reveals a Unique PI(4)P-Specific Binding Domain Essential for Its Targeting to the Bacterial Phagosome |
Monoamine transporters are responsible for termination of synaptic signaling and are involved in depression , control of appetite , and anxiety amongst other neurological processes . Despite extensive efforts , the structures of the monoamine transporters and the transport mechanism of ions and substrates are still lar... | The human serotonin transporter belongs to the family of neurotransmitter transporters , which are located in the presynaptic nerve end , from where it is responsible for termination of synaptic serotonin signaling . Imbalance in serotonin concentration is related to various neuronal conditions such as depression , reg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"medicinal",
"chemistry",
"neurochemistry",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"chemical",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"molecular",
"mechanics",
"neurotransmitters",
"biophy... | 2011 | Unbiased Simulations Reveal the Inward-Facing Conformation of the Human Serotonin Transporter and Na+ Ion Release |
Lesions of anatomical brain networks result in functional disturbances of brain systems and behavior which depend sensitively , often unpredictably , on the lesion site . The availability of whole-brain maps of structural connections within the human cerebrum and our increased understanding of the physiology and large-... | Every year , millions of people suffer the consequences of brain damage , as a result of stroke , traumatic brain injury , cancer or degenerative brain disease . The cognitive and behavioral symptoms of focal lesions of the brain are highly variable and in many cases depend on the location of the lesion site . Can we p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | Modeling the Impact of Lesions in the Human Brain |
Recognition of conserved bacterial products by innate immune receptors leads to inflammatory responses that control pathogen spread but that can also result in pathology . Intestinal epithelial cells are exposed to bacterial products and therefore must prevent signaling through innate immune receptors to avoid patholog... | Salmonella Typhimurium is one of the most common causes of food-borne illness in the United States and a major cause of diarrheal diseases in developing countries . This pathogen induces diarrhea by stimulating inflammation in the intestinal tract . This study shows that S . Typhimurium delivers molecules into epitheli... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"infectious",
"diseases/gastrointestinal",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Salmonella Typhimurium Type III Secretion Effectors Stimulate Innate Immune Responses in Cultured Epithelial Cells |
Mechanisms for differential regulation of gene expression may underlie much of the phenotypic variation and adaptability of malaria parasites . Here we describe transcriptional variation among culture-adapted field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum , the species responsible for most malarial disease . It was found that... | Malaria parasites are particularly good at adapting to the variable environments they encounter during their life cycle . This property helps explain their widespread prevalence and persistence despite massive malaria control campaigns . The genes responsible for this adaptability are largely unknown . In this study we... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2009 | Comparative Transcriptional and Genomic Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum Field Isolates |
Rice dwarf virus ( RDV ) replicates in and is transmitted by a leafhopper vector in a persistent-propagative manner . Previous cytopathologic and genetic data revealed that tubular structures , constructed by the nonstructural viral protein Pns10 , contain viral particles and are directly involved in the intercellular ... | Numerous plant viruses that seriously damage agricultural crops are transmitted by insects . However , the mechanisms enabling virus transmission by vector insects have been poorly understood , in part , due to the lack of useful tools . A persistent-propagative plant virus replicates and encodes nonstructural proteins... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"zoology",
"entomology",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"virology",
"crops",
"plant",
"biology",
"crop",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"agriculture"
] | 2012 | Tubular Structure Induced by a Plant Virus Facilitates Viral Spread in Its Vector Insect |
The inherent stochasticity generates substantial gene expression variation among isogenic cells under identical conditions , which is frequently referred to as gene expression noise or cell-to-cell expression variability . Similar to ( average ) expression level , expression noise is also subject to natural selection .... | Gene expression noise , or cell-to-cell expression variability , has been a topic of intense interest for more than a decade . The prevailing model of “burst-like transcription” mediated by the promoter transitions between on and off states explains the formation of noise in eukaryotes . Albeit widely accepted , the ci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"and",
"materials"
] | [
"gene",
"regulation",
"messenger",
"rna",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"histone",
"modification",
"developmental",
"biology",
"fungi",
"epigenetics",
"embryos",
"chromatin",
"embryology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"proteins",
"gene",
"expression",
"chromatin",
"modification",
... | 2017 | Independent regulation of gene expression level and noise by histone modifications |
The p53 tumor suppressor regulates its target genes through sequence-specific binding to DNA response elements ( REs ) . Although numerous p53 REs are established , the thousands more identified by bioinformatics are not easily subjected to comparative functional evaluation . To examine the relationship between RE sequ... | Characterizing the functional roles of gene regulatory sequences and the impact of genetic polymorphism on protein-DNA binding are rapidly growing areas of genomics . The p53 tumor suppressor regulates its target genes through sequence-specific binding to DNA response elements , and we have developed a multiplex format... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"oncology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics"
] | 2009 | Probing the Functional Impact of Sequence Variation on p53-DNA Interactions Using a Novel Microsphere Assay for Protein-DNA Binding with Human Cell Extracts |
Membrane transport is an essential component of pathogenesis for most infectious organisms . In African trypanosomes , transport to and from the plasma membrane is closely coupled to immune evasion and antigenic variation . In mammals and fungi an octameric exocyst complex mediates late steps in exocytosis , but compar... | Trafficking is an important process in most eukaryotic cells , and has been adapted for specific species to accommodate their requirements . There is good evidence for the innovation of novel routes and mechanisms in plants and animals in terms of the evolution of lineage-specific proteins that function within the endo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"lysosomes",
"rna",
"interference",
"vesicles",
"hela",
"cells",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"processes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"protozoans",
"cell",
"cultures",
"epigenetics",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"... | 2017 | The Trypanosome Exocyst: A Conserved Structure Revealing a New Role in Endocytosis |
In order to multiply and cause disease a virus must transport its genome from outside the cell into the cytosol , most commonly achieved through the endocytic network . Endosomes transport virus particles to specific cellular destinations and viruses exploit the changing environment of maturing endocytic vesicles as tr... | To penetrate cells and cause disease most viruses traverse the cellular endocytic network and exploit its environment to trigger the release of their genetic material into the cytosol . Endosomal pH , virus-receptor interactions , proteolytic cleavage , and lipid composition of membranes have all been previously report... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"lysosomes",
"vesicles",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"electrophysiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"neuroscience",
... | 2018 | Bunyavirus requirement for endosomal K+ reveals new roles of cellular ion channels during infection |
Understanding the mechanism of cadmium ( Cd ) accumulation in plants is important to help reduce its potential toxicity to both plants and humans through dietary and environmental exposure . Here , we report on a study to uncover the genetic basis underlying natural variation in Cd accumulation in a world-wide collecti... | Cadmium ( Cd ) is a potentially toxic metal pollutant that threatens food quality and human health in many regions of the world . Plants have evolved mechanisms for the acquisition of essential metals such as zinc and iron from the soil . Though often quite specific , such mechanisms can also lead to the accumulation o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"sustainable",
"agriculture",
"functional",
"genomics",
"plant",
"biology",
"population",
"genetics",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"genomics",
"arabidopsis",
"thaliana",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"plant",
"ge... | 2012 | Genome-Wide Association Studies Identify Heavy Metal ATPase3 as the Primary Determinant of Natural Variation in Leaf Cadmium in Arabidopsis thaliana |
Due to the high burden of dengue disease worldwide , a better understanding of the interactions between dengue virus ( DENV ) and its human host cells is of the utmost importance . Although microRNAs modulate the outcome of several viral infections , their contribution to DENV replication is poorly understood . We inve... | Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne disease worldwide and it is an increasing global concern for public health as its etiological agent , dengue virus ( DENV ) , keeps spreading around the globe . Currently there are no specific antiviral therapies available to treat the disease . Macrophages are important target ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2017 | MicroRNA profiling of human primary macrophages exposed to dengue virus identifies miRNA-3614-5p as antiviral and regulator of ADAR1 expression |
Previous studies have shown that translation elongation is regulated by multiple factors , but the observed heterogeneity remains only partially explained . To dissect quantitatively the different determinants of elongation speed , we use probabilistic modeling to estimate initiation and local elongation rates from rib... | Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes that translate codons into amino acids while moving along mRNA transcripts . Various factors can influence the speed of this fundamental process , but the observed heterogeneity of ribosome density along transcript sequences remains only partially explained . Using a probabilistic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"messenger",
"rna",
"electricity",
"electrostatics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"genetic",
"footprinting",
"polypeptides",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"genetic",
"interference",
"gene",
"expression",
... | 2018 | The impact of ribosomal interference, codon usage, and exit tunnel interactions on translation elongation rate variation |
Translation control often operates via remodeling of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles . The poly ( A ) binding protein ( PABP ) simultaneously interacts with the 3′ poly ( A ) tail of the mRNA and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G ( eIF4G ) to stimulate translation . PABP also promotes miRNA-dependen... | The regulation of mRNA translation and stability is of paramount importance for almost every cellular function . In eukaryotes , the poly ( A ) binding protein ( PABP ) is a central regulator of both global and mRNA-specific translation . PABP simultaneously interacts with the 3′ poly ( A ) tail of the mRNA and the euk... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"protein",
"translation",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"rna",
"stability"
] | 2013 | Control of Translation and miRNA-Dependent Repression by a Novel Poly(A) Binding Protein, hnRNP-Q |
Infection-related development of phytopathogenic fungi is initiated by sensing and responding to plant surface cues . This response can result in the formation of specialized infection structures , so-called appressoria . To unravel the program inducing filaments and appressoria in the biotrophic smut fungus Ustilago m... | A basic requirement for pathogens to infect their hosts and to cause disease is to detect that they are in contact with the host surface . Plant pathogenic fungi typically respond to leaf surface contact with the development of specialized infection structures enabling the fungus to penetrate the leaf cuticle and to en... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"functional",
"genomics",
"ustilago",
"maydis",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"microbiology",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"genome",
"analysis",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",... | 2014 | Plant Surface Cues Prime Ustilago maydis for Biotrophic Development |
Many Gram-negative bacteria use Type Three Secretion Systems ( T3SS ) to deliver effector proteins into host cells . These protein delivery machines are composed of cytosolic components that recognize substrates and generate the force needed for translocation , the secretion conduit , formed by a needle complex and ass... | Type Three Secretion Systems ( T3SS ) are essential virulence factors found in many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria . These machines aid infection by delivering bacterial proteins into host cells where these proteins modulate host processes and help establish a niche for the bacteria . Protein delivery occurs in a hi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"gram",
"negative",
"bacteria",
"biochemistry",
"bacterial",
"physiology",
"secretion",
"systems",
"proteins",
"protein",
"structure",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"biophysics",
"bacterial",
"biochemistry"
] | 2014 | A Gatekeeper Chaperone Complex Directs Translocator Secretion during Type Three Secretion |
A central challenge in genetics is to understand when and why mutations alter the phenotype of an organism . The consequences of gene inhibition have been systematically studied and can be predicted reasonably well across a genome . However , many sequence variants important for disease and evolution may alter gene reg... | The genomes of individuals differ in sequence at thousands of base pairs . Some of these polymorphisms affect the sequence of proteins , but many are likely to alter how genes are regulated . When are changes in gene regulation detrimental to an organism ? We have used an integrative analysis of transcription factor bi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Integrated Genome-Scale Prediction of Detrimental Mutations in Transcription Networks |
Programmed cell death ( PCD ) mediated by mitochondrial processes has emerged as an important mechanism for plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses . However , the role of translocation of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol during PCD remains unclear . Here , we demonstrate that th... | Plants have developed a hypersensitive response ( HR ) that shows rapid programed cell death ( PCD ) around the infection site , which in turn limits pathogen invasion and restricts the spread of pathogens . Although many studies reported the characterization of PCD in different pathosystems in the last decade , the mo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"enzymes",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"cereal",
"crops",
"mutation",
"plant",
"science",
"rice",
"fungi",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"crops",
"mitochondria",
"plant",
"pathology",
"bioenergetics",
"plants",
"cel... | 2017 | The Rice Dynamin-Related Protein OsDRP1E Negatively Regulates Programmed Cell Death by Controlling the Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria |
Nlrp1b is a NOD-like receptor that detects the catalytic activity of anthrax lethal toxin and subsequently co-oligomerizes into a pro-caspase-1 activation platform known as an inflammasome . Nlrp1b has two domains that promote oligomerization: a NACHT domain , which is a member of the AAA+ ATPase family , and a poorly ... | Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that respond to signals derived from microbial pathogens or damaged tissue . The function of an inflammasome is to activate pro-caspase-1 , a protease that contributes to the inflammatory response by generating the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 . A common feature of inflammasomes i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"anthrax",
"inflammation",
"proteins",
"biology",
"gram",
"... | 2012 | Proteolytic Processing of Nlrp1b Is Required for Inflammasome Activity |
Following the World Health Assembly resolution on Elimination of lymphatic filariasis ( ELF ) as a public health problem by the year 2020 , a Global Program ( GPELF ) was launched in 1997 to help endemic countries to initiate national programs . The current strategy to interrupt transmission of LF , is administration o... | The Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis ( GPELF ) is one of the largest public health intervention till date based on mass drug administration ( MDA ) . MDA interrupts transmission by clearing larval parasites from blood so that they are unavailable for mosquitoes . The current communication describes inde... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussions",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"india",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"filariasis",
"pharmaceutics",
"drug",
"administration",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"pharmacology",
"lymphatic",
"fi... | 2017 | Reaching endpoints for lymphatic filariasis elimination- results from mass drug administration and nocturnal blood surveys, South Gujarat, India |
Botulinum neurotoxins ( BoNT/A-G ) , the most potent toxins known , act by cleaving three SNARE proteins required for synaptic vesicle exocytosis . Previous studies on BoNTs have generally utilized the major SNARE homologues expressed in brain ( VAMP2 , syntaxin 1 , and SNAP-25 ) . However , BoNTs target peripheral mot... | Botulinum neurotoxins ( BoNTs ) target peripheral motor neurons and act by cleaving SNARE proteins , which are essential for neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals . SNARE proteins occur in multiple homologues and it has been difficult to determine which one is the physiologically relevant toxin target in motor ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | Widespread Sequence Variations in VAMP1 across Vertebrates Suggest a Potential Selective Pressure from Botulinum Neurotoxins |
Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection is associated with chronic liver disease and currently affects about 3% of the world population . Although much has been learned about the function of individual viral proteins , the role of the HCV p7 protein in virus replication is not known . Recent data , however , suggest that i... | The hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) , a major human pathogen associated with severe liver disease , encodes a small membrane protein designated p7 . Although recent reports indicated that p7 forms channels conducting ions across membranes and is essential for HCV infection , its exact role in the viral life cycle remained el... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"virology",
"in",
"vitro",
"microbiology",
"homo",
"(human)"
] | 2007 | Hepatitis C Virus p7 Protein Is Crucial for Assembly and Release of Infectious Virions |
Like cancer cells , virally infected cells have dramatically altered metabolic requirements . We analyzed global metabolic changes induced by latent infection with an oncogenic virus , Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) . KSHV is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's Sarcoma ( KS ) , the most common tumor of AI... | In recent years there has been a resurgence in the study of metabolic changes in tumor cells . To determine if an oncogenic virus alters similar metabolic pathways as cancer cells , we measured the levels of a large number of metabolites in endothelial cells infected with Kaposi ? s Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSH... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"microbial",
"metabolism",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"proteomics"
] | 2012 | Global Metabolic Profiling of Infection by an Oncogenic Virus: KSHV Induces and Requires Lipogenesis for Survival of Latent Infection |
Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy play a key role in ensuring mitochondrial quality control . Impairment thereof was proposed to be causative to neurodegenerative diseases , diabetes , and cancer . Accumulation of mitochondrial dysfunction was further linked to aging . Here we applied a probabilistic modeling approa... | Mitochondria are organelles that play a central role as ‘cellular power plants’ . The cellular organization of these organelles involves a dynamic spatial network where mitochondria constantly undergo fusion and fission associated with the mixing of their molecular content . Together with the processes of mitophagy and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"aging",
"systems",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"organism",
"development",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Deceleration of Fusion–Fission Cycles Improves Mitochondrial Quality Control during Aging |
The type I interferon ( IFN ) signaling response limits infection of many RNA and DNA viruses . To define key cell types that require type I IFN signaling to orchestrate immunity against West Nile virus ( WNV ) , we infected mice with conditional deletions of the type I IFN receptor ( IFNAR ) gene . Deletion of the Ifn... | Although it is well established that the interferon ( IFN ) signaling pathway restricts infection by many viruses , the key cell types in vivo that contribute to this process remain poorly characterized . To address this question in the context of West Nile virus ( WNV ) pathogenesis , we infected mice that specificall... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"activation",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"immunotherapy",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"inflammation",
"animal",
"cells",
"immune",... | 2014 | Deficient IFN Signaling by Myeloid Cells Leads to MAVS-Dependent Virus-Induced Sepsis |
Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) is the fifth most common solid tumor in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-associated deaths . A Sleeping Beauty-mediated transposon mutagenesis screen previously identified mutations that cooperate with MYC to accelerate liver tumorigenesis . This revealed a tumor suppress... | Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide with limited responses to targeted therapies . An unbiased forward genetic screen previously revealed a tumor suppressor role for the Steroid Receptor Coactivator 2 ( Src-2 ) in liver cancer driven by the MYC oncogene . Yet , SRC-2 has been s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"infographics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"carcinomas",
"cell",
"processes",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"gastrointestinal",
"tumors",
"liver",
"diseases",
"oncology",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"... | 2017 | SRC-2-mediated coactivation of anti-tumorigenic target genes suppresses MYC-induced liver cancer |
Concerns regarding outbreaks of human monkeypox or the potential reintroduction of smallpox into an immunological naïve population have prompted the development of animal models and countermeasures . Here we present a marmoset model of monkeypox and smallpox disease utilizing a relevant poxvirus via a natural exposure ... | Poxviruses are large viruses capable of causing disease in humans . Of the known poxviruses , variola virus and monkeypox virus cause the most severe disease , smallpox and human monkeypox , respectively . Models utilizing these viruses are valuable for the study of host-virus interaction and for evaluating countermeas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"poxviruses",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"marmosets",
"animals",
"mammals",
"animal",
"models",
"primates",
"viruse... | 2018 | Intranasal monkeypox marmoset model: Prophylactic antibody treatment provides benefit against severe monkeypox virus disease |
Chagas disease is a major parasitic disease in Latin America , prevented in part by vector control programs that reduce domestic populations of triatomines . However , the design of control strategies adapted to non-domiciliated vectors , such as Triatoma dimidiata , remains a challenge because it requires an accurate ... | Chagas disease is one of the most important neglected diseases in Latin America . Although insecticides have been successfully sprayed to control domiciliated vector populations , this strategy has proven to be ineffective in areas where non-domiciliated vectors immigrating from peridomestic or sylvatic ecotopes can ( ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"ecology/spatial",
"and",
"landscape",
"ecology",
"ecology/theoretical",
"ecology",
"ecology/population",
"ecology",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Characterization of the Dispersal of Non-Domiciliated Triatoma dimidiata through the Selection of Spatially Explicit Models |
Plant NB-LRR proteins confer robust protection against microbes and metazoan parasites by recognizing pathogen-derived avirulence ( Avr ) proteins that are delivered to the host cytoplasm . Microbial Avr proteins usually function as virulence factors in compatible interactions; however , little is known about the types... | Biotrophic plant pathogens produce effector proteins that are delivered to the host cytoplasm where they alter defense responses and metabolism to favor pathogen colonization . In turn , plants have evolved intra-cellular proteins to recognize pathogen effector proteins , known as NB-LRR proteins , which are similar in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/molecular",
"evolution",
"plant",
"biology/plant-biotic",
"interactions"
] | 2009 | The Cyst Nematode SPRYSEC Protein RBP-1 Elicits Gpa2- and
RanGAP2-Dependent Plant Cell Death |
Division of labor is ubiquitous in biological systems , as evidenced by various forms of complex task specialization observed in both animal societies and multicellular organisms . Although clearly adaptive , the way in which division of labor first evolved remains enigmatic , as it requires the simultaneous co-occurre... | Many biological systems execute tasks by dividing them into finer sub-tasks first . This is seen for example in the advanced division of labor of social insects like ants , bees or termites . One of the unsolved mysteries in biology is how a blind process of Darwinian selection could have led to such highly complex for... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Evolution of Self-Organized Task Specialization in Robot Swarms |
Asthma is believed to be a risk factor for influenza infection , however little experimental evidence exists to directly demonstrate the impact of asthma on susceptibility to influenza infection . Using a mouse model , we now report that asthmatic mice are actually significantly more resistant to a lethal influenza vir... | Influenza and asthma represent the two major lung diseases in humans . While most studies have focused on exacerbation of asthma symptoms by influenza virus infection , the effects of asthma on susceptibility to influenza virus infections has been far less studied . Using a novel mouse model of asthma and influenza inf... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Prevention of Influenza Virus-Induced Immunopathology by TGF-β Produced during Allergic Asthma |
Aedes aegypti , vector of dengue , chikungunya and Zika viruses , is found at high densities in tropical urban areas . The dissemination of this vector is partially the consequence of failures in current vector control methods , still mainly relying upon insecticides . In the State of São Paulo ( SP ) , Brazil , public... | Insecticides will continue to exert an essential role in the reduction of vector density and personal protection for a long time , especially during epidemics . In Brazil , these chemicals are extensively incorporated in national campaigns against Ae . aegypti , favoring the rise and dispersion of resistant populations... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"insect",
"vectors",
"genotyping",
"research",
"and",
... | 2018 | Pyrethroid resistance persists after ten years without usage against Aedes aegypti in governmental campaigns: Lessons from São Paulo State, Brazil |
Multiple cellular organelles tightly orchestrate intracellular calcium ( Ca2+ ) dynamics to regulate cellular activities and maintain homeostasis . The interplay between the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) , a major store of intracellular Ca2+ , and mitochondria , an important source of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) , ha... | It is well known that intracellular Ca2+ oscillations carry encoded signals in their amplitude and frequency to regulate various cellular processes , and accumulating evidence supports the importance of the interplay between the ER and mitochondria in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis . Miscommunications between the organelles... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"liver",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"obesity",
"mitochondria",
"bioenergetics",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"re... | 2019 | A mathematical model of calcium dynamics: Obesity and mitochondria-associated ER membranes |
How asymmetries in motor behavior become established normally or atypically in mammals remains unclear . An established model for motor asymmetry that is conserved across mammals can be obtained by experimentally inducing asymmetric striatal dopamine activity . However , the factors that can cause motor asymmetries in ... | Despite a long-standing fascination with asymmetries in left–right brain function , very little is known about the causes of functional brain asymmetry in mammals , which appear independent of the mechanisms that create anatomical asymmetries during development . Asymmetries in motor function are a common example and i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"ears",
"brain",
"vertebrates",
"mice",
"cerebral",
"hemispheres",
"animals",
"mammals",
"organic",
"compounds",
"left",
"hemisphere",
"neuroscience",
"hormones",
"cell",
"signaling",
"i... | 2018 | Early uneven ear input induces long-lasting differences in left–right motor function |
Visual performance depends on polar angle , even when eccentricity is held constant; on many psychophysical tasks observers perform best when stimuli are presented on the horizontal meridian , worst on the upper vertical , and intermediate on the lower vertical meridian . This variation in performance ‘around’ the visu... | A fundamental goal in computational neuroscience is to link known facts from biology with behavior . Here , we considered visual behavior , specifically the fact that people are better at visual tasks performed to the left or right of the center of gaze , compared to above or below at the same distance from gaze . We s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"particle",
"physics",
"ocular",
"anatomy",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"photons",
"human",
"performance",
"vision",
"eyes",
"sensory",
"physiology",
"animal",
"cells",
"behavior",
"sensory",
"receptors",
"head",
"phy... | 2019 | Modeling visual performance differences ‘around’ the visual field: A computational observer approach |
Early events leading to intrauterine infection remain poorly defined , but may hold the key to preventing preterm delivery . To determine molecular pathways within fetal membranes ( chorioamnion ) associated with early choriodecidual infection that may progress to preterm premature rupture of membranes ( PPROM ) , we e... | Group B Streptococcus ( GBS ) is one cause of preterm birth , stillbirth , and fetal brain injury . GBS is present in the vagina and is thought to ascend into the uterus of some women where it can cause placental inflammation and preterm birth . Understanding the earliest events in the placenta that lead to preterm bir... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"pregnancy",
"complications",
"tissue",
"mechanics",
"physiological",
"processes",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"preterm",
"labor",
"reproductive",
"system",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"pregnancy",
"gynecologic",
"infections",
"biology",
"anatomy",
"and",
... | 2014 | Group B Streptococcal Infection of the Choriodecidua Induces Dysfunction of the Cytokeratin Network in Amniotic Epithelium: A Pathway to Membrane Weakening |
Lysozymes and hexosaminidases are ubiquitous hydrolases in bacteria and eukaryotes . In phagocytic lower eukaryotes and professional phagocytes from higher eukaryotes , they are involved in the degradation of ingested bacteria in phagosomes . In Entamoeba histolytica , which is the intestinal protozoan parasite that ca... | Phagocytosis is the cellular process of engulfing solid particles to form an internal phagosome in protozoa , algae , and professional phagocytes of multicellular eukaryotic organisms . In phagocytic protozoa , phagocytosis is involved in the acquisition of nutrients , and the evasion from the host immune system and in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"protozoology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Novel Transmembrane Receptor Involved in Phagosome Transport of Lysozymes and β-Hexosaminidase in the Enteric Protozoan Entamoeba histolytica |
Use of the oral cholera vaccine ( OCV ) is a vital short-term strategy to control cholera in endemic areas with poor water and sanitation infrastructure . Identifying , estimating , and categorizing the delivery costs of OCV campaigns are useful in analyzing cost-effectiveness , understanding vaccine affordability , an... | We reviewed and re-estimated oral cholera vaccine delivery costs in low and middle income countries standardizing cost categories . The cost categorization proposed here can help in collation , analysis , comparison and economic analysis of OCV delivery costs across countries . | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"guinea",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"india",
"south",
"sudan",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"va... | 2016 | Oral Cholera Vaccination Delivery Cost in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Analysis Based on Systematic Review |
The rapidly increasing amount of data on human genetic variation has resulted in a growing demand to identify pathogenic mutations computationally , as their experimental validation is currently beyond reach . Here we show that alpha helices and beta strands differ significantly in their ability to tolerate mutations: ... | The factors that determine the robustness and evolvability of proteins are still largely unknown . In this work the authors show that different secondary structure elements of proteins ( helices and strands ) differ in their ability to tolerate mutations , and demonstrate that it is caused by differences in the number ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"mutation",
"protein",
"structure",
"prediction",
"protein",
"structure",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"... | 2016 | Alpha Helices Are More Robust to Mutations than Beta Strands |
It has recently been shown that networks of spiking neurons with noise can emulate simple forms of probabilistic inference through “neural sampling” , i . e . , by treating spikes as samples from a probability distribution of network states that is encoded in the network . Deficiencies of the existing model are its rel... | The Markov Chain Monte Carlo ( MCMC ) approach to probabilistic inference for a distribution is to draw a sequence of samples from and to carry out computational operations via simple online computations on such a sequence . But such a sequential computational process takes time , and therefore this simple version of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Ensembles of Spiking Neurons with Noise Support Optimal Probabilistic Inference in a Dynamically Changing Environment |
The initial interaction between a microbial pathogen and the host immune response influences the outcome of the battle between the host and the foreign invader . Leprosy , caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium leprae , provides a model to study relevant human immune responses . Previous studies ha... | The initial interaction between a microbial pathogen and the host immune response can determine the outcome of an infection . In order to elucidate the initial events of infection by Mycobacterium leprae , we measured the host transcriptome of M . leprae infected human macrophages at different time points . We detected... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cell",
"processes",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"bacterial... | 2019 | The cell fate regulator NUPR1 is induced by Mycobacterium leprae via type I interferon in human leprosy |
The innate immune response is essential to the host defense against viruses , through restriction of virus replication and coordination of the adaptive immune response . Induction of antiviral genes is a tightly regulated process initiated mainly through sensing of invading virus nucleic acids in the cytoplasm by RIG-I... | The understanding of the mechanisms allowing the host to mount a rapid and efficient innate immune response to RNA viruses has been the subject of intensive research in recent years . Major groundwork allowed the identification of key sensors of virus nucleic acids , including RIG-I and Mda5 , which through association... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"molecular",
"biology/translational",
"regulation",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling"
] | 2010 | Requirement of NOX2 and Reactive Oxygen Species for Efficient RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Response through Regulation of MAVS Expression |
Long non-coding RNA Xist plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining X-chromosome inactivation ( XCI ) which is a paradigm of long non-coding RNA-mediated gene regulation . Xist has Xist-specific repeat elements A-F which are conserved among eutherian mammals , underscoring their functional importance . Here w... | Xist long noncoding RNA induces X chromosome inactivation by recruiting multiple chromatin modifying enzymes to the inactive X-chromosome . Among such chromatin modifying enzymes , ASH2L is unique since it is a component of the MLL/SET complexes , which are a histone lysine 4 methyltransferase for transcriptional activ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cloning",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"x-linked",
"traits",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"epigenetics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sex",
"chromosomes",
"a... | 2017 | Xist RNA repeat E is essential for ASH2L recruitment to the inactive X and regulates histone modifications and escape gene expression |
Shoot branching requires the establishment of new meristems harboring stem cells; this phenomenon raises questions about the precise regulation of meristematic fate . In seed plants , these new meristems initiate in leaf axils to enable lateral shoot branching . Using live-cell imaging of leaf axil cells , we show that... | In seed plants , branches arise from axillary meristems ( AMs ) , which form in the crook between the leaf and the stem . How AMs initiate to produce branches remains unclear . In this study , we show that a group of meristematic cells maintain expression of the meristem marker SHOOT MERISTEMLESS ( STM ) ; the progeny ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"lasers",
"meristematic",
"cells",
"buds",
"plant",
"physiology",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"hormones",
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"stem",
"cells",
"plant",
"horm... | 2016 | Two-Step Regulation of a Meristematic Cell Population Acting in Shoot Branching in Arabidopsis |
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide , despite inclusion in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( PCV13 ) . Serotype 3 increased in carriage since the implementation of PCV13 in the USA , while invasive disease rates remain unchanged . We investig... | Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacterial pneumoniae , meningitis , and otitis media . Despite its inclusion in the most recent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine , PCV13 , serotype 3 remains epidemiologically important globally . We investigated the persistence of serotype 3 using whole-genome sequencing da... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"biogeography",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"population",
"genetics",
"immunology",
"antigenic",
"variation",
"microbiology",
"vaccines",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"phylogeneti... | 2018 | Global emergence and population dynamics of divergent serotype 3 CC180 pneumococci |
The prediction of protein-protein kinetic rate constants provides a fundamental test of our understanding of molecular recognition , and will play an important role in the modeling of complex biological systems . In this paper , a feature selection and regression algorithm is applied to mine a large set of molecular de... | Almost all biological processes involve proteins interacting with each other . Knowledge about how quickly proteins associate and disassociate is fundamental for understanding how proteins work together to perform biological functions . Here we look at a large set of interacting protein pairs , which are extensively ch... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"algorithms",
"biochemistry",
"computer",
"science",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"computer",
"modeling",
"proteins",
"thermodynamics",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"reaction",
"dynamics",
"macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"physi... | 2012 | Kinetic Rate Constant Prediction Supports the Conformational Selection Mechanism of Protein Binding |
The live attenuated Japanese encephalitis ( JE ) vaccine SA14-14-2 has been used in Nepal for catch-up campaigns and is now included in the routine immunisation schedule . Previous studies have shown good vaccine efficacy after one dose in districts with a high incidence of JE . The first well-documented dengue outbrea... | In Nepal , immunisation using a live attenuated vaccine is given against Japanese encephalitis ( JE ) , caused by the mosquito-transmitted JE virus ( JEV ) . JE immunisation has taken place via catch-up campaigns and is now part of the routine immunisation programme . Although previous studies have shown good vaccine e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2019 | Low population Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) seroprevalence in Udayapur district, Nepal, three years after a JE vaccination programme: A case for further catch up campaigns? |
The transmission potential of a novel infection depends on both the inherent transmissibility of a pathogen , and the level of susceptibility in the host population . However , distinguishing between these pathogen- and population-specific properties typically requires detailed serological studies , which are rarely av... | The transmission potential of a new infection depends on both the transmissibility of the pathogen and the level of immunity in the host population . However , it can be difficult to measure these properties if there are limited experimental studies of population immunity . By incorporating social contact patterns into... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Characterizing the Transmission Potential of Zoonotic Infections from Minor Outbreaks |
The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis uses point-of-care tests for circulating filarial antigenemia ( CFA ) to map endemic areas and for monitoring and evaluating the success of mass drug administration ( MDA ) programs . We compared the performance of the reference BinaxNOW Filariasis card test ( ICT ... | The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis ( LF ) uses point-of-care tests for circulating filarial antigenemia to map endemic areas and for monitoring and evaluating the success of mass drug administration ( MDA ) programs . We compared the performance of the reference BinaxNOW Filariasis card test ( ICT )... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"blood",
"counts",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"filariasis",
"pharmaceutics",
"drug",
"administration",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"disea... | 2017 | A multi-center field study of two point-of-care tests for circulating Wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia in Africa |
Prion proteins ( PrPs ) are key players in fatal neurodegenerative disorders , yet their physiological functions remain unclear , as PrP knockout mice develop rather normally . We report a strong PrP loss-of-function phenotype in zebrafish embryos , characterized by the loss of embryonic cell adhesion and arrested gast... | Unlike conventional pathogens , prions are infectious particles devoid of nucleic acids and composed entirely of a misfolded host protein , PrP . It is widely assumed that the neurodegeneration observed in prion disorders may be related to an aberrant function of PrP in the misfolded state . However , the normal physio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | Regulation of Embryonic Cell Adhesion by the Prion Protein |
Resolving distinct biochemical interaction states when analyzing the trajectories of diffusing proteins in live cells on an individual basis remains challenging because of the limited statistics provided by the relatively short trajectories available experimentally . Here , we introduce a novel , machine-learning based... | Single particle tracking is a powerful tool that captures the diffusive dynamics of proteins as they undergo various interactions in living cells . Uncovering different biochemical interactions by analyzing the diffusive behaviors of individual protein trajectories , however , is challenging due to the limited statisti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Extracting Diffusive States of Rho GTPase in Live Cells: Towards In Vivo Biochemistry |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated T-DNA integration is a common tool for plant genome manipulation . However , there is controversy regarding whether T-DNA integration is biased towards genes or randomly distributed throughout the genome . In order to address this question , we performed high-throughput mapping of T-D... | Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated T-DNA integration is an important tool for genetic engineering in plants . This work compares the genetic and epigenetic landscapes of T-DNA-genome junctions under selective and non-selective conditions . Under selection , preferential junctions in low-nucleosome occupancy and hypomet... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"brassica",
"microbiology",
"organisms",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"genome",
"analysis",
"plant",
"genomics",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"dna... | 2017 | T-DNA-genome junctions form early after infection and are influenced by the chromatin state of the host genome |
Accurate , rapid , and early diagnosis of dengue virus ( DENV ) infections is essential for optimal clinical care . Here , we evaluated the efficacy of the quantitative real-time PCR ( qRT-PCR ) -LightMix dengue virus EC kit for DENV detection using samples from a dengue outbreak in Taiwan in 2015 . Sera from patients ... | The LightMix dengue virus EC qRT-PCR assay is effective for early diagnosis of DENV infection . High viral loads during primary infection in elderly patients may comprise a positive predictor for severe illness , and may contribute to high mortality rates . | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical"... | 2016 | Validation and Application of a Commercial Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Assay in Investigation of a Large Dengue Virus Outbreak in Southern Taiwan |
Persistence of a reservoir of latently infected memory T cells provides a barrier to HIV eradication in treated patients . Several reports have implicated the involvement of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes in restricting early steps in HIV infection , in coupling the processes of integration and remodeling , and... | Despite the effectiveness of antiretroviral medication , the HIV virus persists in resting memory T cells of infected patients in a latent state , providing the main impediment to eradication of the virus . In this article , we examined the molecular mechanism responsible for the establishment and maintenance of HIV la... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2011 | Repressive LTR Nucleosome Positioning by the BAF Complex Is Required for HIV Latency |
Transcription is the first step connecting genetic information with an organism's phenotype . While expression of annotated genes in the human brain has been characterized extensively , our knowledge about the scope and the conservation of transcripts located outside of the known genes' boundaries is limited . Here , w... | Phenotypic differences between closely related species , such as humans and chimpanzees , might be determined to a large extent by differences between their transcriptomes . Recent studies using microarray and high-throughput sequencing technologies have demonstrated that beside annotated genes , a large proportion of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/human",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics"
] | 2010 | Intergenic and Repeat Transcription in Human, Chimpanzee and Macaque Brains Measured by RNA-Seq |
Recent advances in high-throughput pyrosequencing ( HTPS ) technology now allow a thorough analysis of RNA bound to cellular proteins , and , therefore , of post-transcriptional regulons . We used HTPS to discover the Salmonella RNAs that are targeted by the common bacterial Sm-like protein , Hfq . Initial transcriptom... | The past decade has seen small regulatory RNA become an important new mediator of bacterial mRNA regulation . This study describes a rapid way to identify novel sRNAs that are expressed , and should prove relevant to a variety of bacteria . We purified the epitope-tagged RNA-binding protein , Hfq , and its bound RNA by... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"biochemistry/bioinformatics",
"microbiology"
] | 2008 | Deep Sequencing Analysis of Small Noncoding RNA and mRNA Targets of the Global Post-Transcriptional Regulator, Hfq |
Light influences sleep and alertness either indirectly through a well-characterized circadian pathway or directly through yet poorly understood mechanisms . Melanopsin ( Opn4 ) is a retinal photopigment crucial for conveying nonvisual light information to the brain . Through extensive characterization of sleep and the ... | Light affects sleep in two ways: indirectly through the phase adjustment of circadian rhythms and directly through nonvisual mechanisms that are independent of the circadian system . The direct effects of light include the promotion of sleep in night-active animals and of alertness in diurnal species . We analyzed slee... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"ophthalmology/cataracts",
"and",
"other",
"lens",
"disorders",
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"neurological",
"disorders/cognitive",
"neurology",
"and",
"dementia",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems",
"ophthalmology/retinal",
"d... | 2009 | Melanopsin as a Sleep Modulator: Circadian Gating of the Direct Effects of Light on Sleep and Altered Sleep Homeostasis in Opn4−/− Mice |
Environmental reservoirs are essential in the maintenance and transmission of anthrax but are poorly characterized . The anthrax agent , Bacillus anthracis was long considered an obligate pathogen that is dormant and passively transmitted in the environment . However , a growing number of laboratory studies indicate th... | Anthrax is a neglected zoonotic disease affecting livestock , wildlife , and humans in developing countries , particularly in Africa and Asia , and it occurs regularly in rural parts of North America . The causative agent of anthrax , Bacillus anthracis is transmitted by spores that persist for long periods of time in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"anthrax",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ecology",
"veterinary",
"microbiology",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"int... | 2014 | Interactions between Bacillus anthracis and Plants May Promote Anthrax Transmission |
A hallmark of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 ( HIV-1 ) is its rapid rate of evolution within and among its various subtypes . Two complementary hypotheses are suggested to explain the sequence variability among HIV-1 subtypes . The first suggests that the functional constraints at each site remain the same across a... | The AIDS epidemic , inflicted by the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) , has already claimed 25 million lives , thus posing a global threat . Since its discovery , several HIV subtypes have emerged , characterized by distinct genomic sequences and variable geographic locations . Here , we investigate the nature of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"evolutionary",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2008 | Evolutionary Modeling of Rate Shifts Reveals Specificity Determinants in HIV-1 Subtypes |
Transposable elements ( TEs ) are conventionally identified in eukaryotic genomes by alignment to consensus element sequences . Using this approach , about half of the human genome has been previously identified as TEs and low-complexity repeats . We recently developed a highly sensitive alternative de novo strategy , ... | Our study is concerned with a fundamental question about the human genome sequence: what is it made of ? At present , approximately 50% of the genome sequence has unknown function or origin and is sometimes referred to as the “dark matter” of the human genome . We demonstrate here that approximately half of this unchar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"statistics",
"mathematics",
"biostatistics",
"genome",
"complexity",
"transposons",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"probability",
"theory",
"genetics",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biolog... | 2011 | Repetitive Elements May Comprise Over Two-Thirds of the Human Genome |
Non-methylated islands ( NMIs ) of DNA are genomic regions that are important for gene regulation and development . A recent study of genome-wide non-methylation data in vertebrates by Long et al . ( eLife 2013;2:e00348 ) has shown that many experimentally identified non-methylated regions do not overlap with classical... | DNA methylation is one of the most heavily studied epigenetic modifications , with active research into the topic taking place for over 30 years . Over that time a relationship between non-methylated stretches of genomic DNA and the regulation of nearby genes has been identified , and it was noted that approximately ha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"amphibian",
"genomics",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"reptile",
"genomics",
"model",
"organisms",
"amphibians",
"artificial",
"intelligence",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"dna",
"methylation",
"chromatin",
... | 2016 | Improved Prediction of Non-methylated Islands in Vertebrates Highlights Different Characteristic Sequence Patterns |
The external globus pallidus ( GPe ) is a key nucleus within basal ganglia circuits that are thought to be involved in action selection . A class of computational models assumes that , during action selection , the basal ganglia compute for all actions available in a given context the probabilities that they should be ... | Choosing an appropriate action as quickly and accurately as possible in a given situation is critical for the survival of animals and humans . One of the brain regions involved in action selection is a set of subcortical nuclei known as the basal ganglia . The importance of understanding information processing in the b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"neural",
"networks",
"decision",
"making",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"brain",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"hormones",
"cognition",
"amines",
"neurotransmitters",
"catecho... | 2016 | Properties of Neurons in External Globus Pallidus Can Support Optimal Action Selection |
The major obstacle to curing HIV infection is the persistence of cells with intact proviruses that can produce replication-competent virus . This HIV reservoir is believed to exist primarily in CD4+ T-cells and is stable despite years of suppressive antiretroviral therapy . A potential mechanism for HIV persistence is ... | Antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) can reduce plasma HIV viral loads to undetectable levels . However , HIV-infected cells can persist despite years of antiretroviral suppression and contribute to rebound viremia following cessation of ART . It is unclear whether HIV-infected cells are maintained by ongoing viral replicati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"rna",
"extraction",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"... | 2017 | Proviruses with identical sequences comprise a large fraction of the replication-competent HIV reservoir |
Paracoccin ( PCN ) is an N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectin from the human pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis . Recombinant PCN ( rPCN ) induces a T helper ( Th ) 1 immune response when prophylactically administered to BALB/c mice , protecting them against subsequent challenge with P . brasiliensis . In th... | Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a pathogenic fungus that causes paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) in humans , a debilitating fungal infection that mainly affects the lungs and is widespread in Latin America . Paracoccin ( PCN ) is a sugar-binding protein produced by this fungus . Previous studies have shown that PCN cont... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mycology",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"paracoccidioides",
"brasiliensis",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"fungal",
"pathogens",
"immunomodulation"
] | 2014 | Therapeutic Administration of Recombinant Paracoccin Confers Protection against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection: Involvement of TLRs |
The beneficial effects of physical activity for the prevention and management of several chronic diseases are widely recognized . Mathematical modeling of the effects of physical exercise in body metabolism and in particular its influence on the control of glucose homeostasis is of primary importance in the development... | Exercise has a great impact on human metabolism and the lack of physical activity represents one of the main causes of the metabolic disorders . The effectiveness of regular physical activity in the prevention and management of several chronic diseases is widely recognized . In the study of the metabolism and related d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"diabetic",
"endocrinology",
"sports",
"and",
"exercise",
"medicine",
"carbohydrates",
"physical",
"activity",
"organic",
"compounds",
"neuroscience",
"glucose",
"hormones",
"simulation",
... | 2018 | Personalizing physical exercise in a computational model of fuel homeostasis |
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays many important roles in animal development , tissue homeostasis and human disease . Transcription factors of the TCF family mediate many Wnt transcriptional responses , promoting signal-dependent activation or repression of target gene expression . The mechanism of this specifi... | During development and in adult tissues , cells communicate with each other through biochemical cascades known as signaling pathways . In this report , we study the Wnt signaling pathway , using the fruit fly Drosophila as a model system . This pathway is known to activate gene expression in cells receiving the Wnt sig... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"signal",
"transduction",
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"wnt",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"sign... | 2014 | Wnt-Mediated Repression via Bipartite DNA Recognition by TCF in the Drosophila Hematopoietic System |
The different actin structures governing eukaryotic cell shape and movement are not only determined by the properties of the actin filaments and associated proteins , but also by geometrical constraints . We recently demonstrated that limiting nucleation to specific regions was sufficient to obtain actin networks with ... | Many cellular processes or morphological changes , for example division and migration , strongly depend on the cytoskeleton . For successful completion of these processes in higher cells , thousands of cytoskeletal filaments need to be organized into precise higher-order structures . Identifying the most important para... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Geometrical and Mechanical Properties Control Actin Filament Organization |
Intraflagellar transport ( IFT ) particles or trains are composed of IFT-A and IFT-B complexes . To assess the working mechanism of the IFT-A complex in IFT and ciliogenesis , we have analyzed ift43 mutants of Chlamydomnonas in conjunction with mutants of the other IFT-A subunits . An ift43 null mutant or a mutant with... | Eukaryotic flagella and cilia ( interchangeable terms ) are microtubule-based cellular structures that project from the cell surface . They play pivotal roles in cell motility and signaling . Ciliary defects are associated with a cohort of human diseases and developmental disorders , termed ciliopathies . The assembly ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"pathogens",
"immunoblotting",
"precursor",
"cells",
"dyneins",
"molecular",
"motors",
"immunoprecipitation",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"... | 2017 | Functional exploration of the IFT-A complex in intraflagellar transport and ciliogenesis |
Essential aspects of the innate immune response to microbial infection appear to be conserved between insects and mammals . Although signaling pathways that activate NF-κB during innate immune responses to various microorganisms have been studied in detail , regulatory mechanisms that control other immune responses to ... | The innate immune response is the first line of defense against microbial infections in insects and mammals . In Drosophila , multiple defense mechanisms that contribute to the innate immune response include antimicrobial peptides ( AMP ) , reactive oxygen species , phagocytosis and melanization . A search for genes in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2008 | Identification and Functional Analysis of Antifungal Immune Response Genes in Drosophila |
The cyst wall of Entamoeba invadens ( Ei ) , a model for the human pathogen Entamoeba histolytica , is composed of fibrils of chitin and three chitin-binding lectins called Jacob , Jessie3 , and chitinase . Here we show chitin , which was detected with wheat germ agglutinin , is made in secretory vesicles prior to its ... | Parasitic protists , which are spread by the fecal-oral route , have cyst walls that resist environmental insults ( e . g . desiccation , stomach acids , bile , etc . ) . Entamoeba histolytica , the cause of amebic dysentery and liver abscess , is the only protist characterized to date that has chitin in its cyst wall ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"developmental",
"biology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development"
] | 2009 | Evidence for a “Wattle and Daub” Model of the Cyst Wall of Entamoeba |
Protein phosphorylation underlies cellular response pathways across eukaryotes and is governed by the opposing actions of phosphorylating kinases and de-phosphorylating phosphatases . While kinases and phosphatases have been extensively studied , their organization and the mechanisms by which they balance each other ar... | Protein phosphorylation is a reversible modification that underlies cellular responses to stimuli across organisms . Historically , the study of protein phosphorylation concentrated on the role of kinases , which introduce the phosphate , at the expense of phosphatases , which remove it . Many kinases have been associa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"rna",
"interference",
"caenorhabditis",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"animals",
"phosphatases",
"animal",
"models",
"fungi",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms"... | 2017 | An Asymmetrically Balanced Organization of Kinases versus Phosphatases across Eukaryotes Determines Their Distinct Impacts |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.