Search is not available for this dataset
article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
values | title stringlengths 20 281 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leishmania ( L . ) amazonensis is one of the etiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) in Brazil . Currently , there is no vaccine approved for human use against leishmaniasis , although several vaccine preparations are in experimental stages . One of them is Leishvacin , or LaAg , a first-generation vaccine... | Leishmaniasis is a major neglected tropical disease , being responsible for more than 20 million deaths per year . The high mortality rate highlights the difficulties and ineffectiveness of the current prophylactic approaches and treatments currently available . Therefore , the development of an effective vaccine would... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"vaccines",
"protozoans",
"leishmania",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
... | 2019 | The role of TLR9 on Leishmania amazonensis infection and its influence on intranasal LaAg vaccine efficacy |
N6-Methyladenosine ( m6A ) RNA methylation plays important roles during development in different species . However , knowledge of m6A RNA methylation in monocots remains limited . In this study , we reported that OsFIP and OsMTA2 are the components of m6A RNA methyltransferase complex in rice and uncovered a previously... | N6-Methyladenosine ( m6A ) is the most abundant internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA , and m6A mRNA methylation affects almost every stage of mRNA metabolism . However , the components of the m6A methyltransferase complex and their functions in monocots are completely unknown . In this study , we identified the com... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"panicles",
"enzymes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"pollen",
"plant",
"science",
"rice",
"methylation",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"inflorescences",
"plants",
"flower",
"anat... | 2019 | The subunit of RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase OsFIP regulates early degeneration of microspores in rice |
In multicellular organism development , a stochastic cellular response is observed , even when a population of cells is exposed to the same environmental conditions . Retrieving the spatiotemporal regulatory mode hidden in the heterogeneous cellular behavior is a challenging task . The G1/S transition observed in cell ... | Cell cycle progression is considered to involve a cellular time-counting machinery for proper morphogenesis and patterning of tissues . Therefore , it is important to understand the regulatory mode of cell cycle progression during physiological and pathological tissue growth , which will benefit tissue engineering ther... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Live Imaging-Based Model Selection Reveals Periodic Regulation of the Stochastic G1/S Phase Transition in Vertebrate Axial Development |
Inducing broad spectrum neutralizing antibodies against challenging pathogens such as HIV-1 is a major vaccine design goal , but may be hindered by conformational instability within viral envelope glycoproteins ( Env ) . Chemical cross-linking is widely used for vaccine antigen stabilization , but how this process affe... | Chemical cross-linking has been used for almost a century for vaccine preparation , and is still common today for inactivation and stabilization of vaccine antigens . Despite this , cross-linking is used empirically and very little is understood of its effects on antigen structure and how this may modify immune respons... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"chemical",
"bonding",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"rabbits",
"animals",
"mammals",
"retroviruses",
... | 2018 | Structural and immunologic correlates of chemically stabilized HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins |
Babesia , usually found in wild and domestic mammals worldwide , have recently been responsible for emerging malaria-like zoonosis in infected patients . Human B . microti infection has been identified in China , primarily in the Southwest along the Myanmar border but little direct surveillance of B . microti infection... | Babesia spp are garnering more attention as causative agents of human disease , with B . microti responsible for most cases globally . Our study documents potential small mammal reservoir hosts , collected from a large of sample sites , with PCR and sequencing identifying the wide distribution and genetic diversity of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"parasite",
"groups",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animal",
"genetics",
"ixodes",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"parasitology",
"mammals",
"babesio... | 2017 | Wide Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Babesia microti in Small Mammals from Yunnan Province, Southwestern China |
Chromatin is the driver of gene regulation , yet understanding the molecular interactions underlying chromatin factor combinatorial patterns ( or the “chromatin codes” ) remains a fundamental challenge in chromatin biology . Here we developed a global modeling framework that leverages chromatin profiling data to produc... | Chromatin , like many other molecular biological systems , is composed of multiple interacting factors . Our knowledge about chromatin factors is mostly qualitative , and such qualitative knowledge can be insufficient for predicting collective behaviors . It's also extremely challenging to study collective behaviors in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"chromosome",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"computational",
"biology",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromatin"
] | 2014 | Global Quantitative Modeling of Chromatin Factor Interactions |
Leukotrienes ( LTs ) produced from arachidonic acid by the action of 5-lipoxygenase ( 5-LO ) are classical mediators of inflammatory responses . However , studies published in the literature regarding these mediators are contradictory and it remains uncertain whether these lipid mediators play a role in host defense ag... | Paracoccidioidomycosis is a deep mycosis that is endemic in Latin America , mostly affecting rural workers of Argentina , Colombia , Venezuela and Brazil . Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection is acquired upon the inhalation of airborne propagules derived from the saprophytic mycelium form of the fungus . Once in th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | The Pivotal Role of 5-Lipoxygenase-Derived LTB4 in Controlling Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis |
Schistosomes are causative agents of human schistosomiasis , which is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world . Adult schistosomes can survive in their final hosts for several decades , and they have evolved various strategies to overcome the host immune response . Consequently , understanding the mechan... | Schistosomiasis is a worldwide public health concern particularly in developing countries . The causative agents , schistosomes , can survive within the vascular system of their final hosts for several decades despite facing the host’s immune response . Therefore , elucidating the mechanism of cell survival will contri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"cell",
"death",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"helminths",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"processes",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
... | 2018 | Schistosoma japonicum IAP and Teg20 safeguard tegumental integrity by inhibiting cellular apoptosis |
Candida albicans , the major fungal pathogen of humans , causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals . Due to limited available therapy options , this can frequently lead to therapy failure and emergence of drug resistance . To improve current treatment strategies , we have combined comprehensiv... | Candida albicans is a fungus that normally resides as part of the microflora in the human gut . Candida species can cause superficial infections like thrush in the healthy human population and life-threatening invasive infections in immunocompromised patients . Fungal infections are often treated with azole drugs , but... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"infectious",
"diseases/fungal",
"infections",
"pharmacology/drug",
"resistance",
"chemical",
"biology",
"biochemistry/drug",
"discovery"
] | 2010 | Reverse Genetics in Candida albicans Predicts ARF Cycling Is Essential for Drug Resistance and Virulence |
Genetic background exerts a strong modulatory effect on the toxicity of aggregation-prone proteins in conformational diseases . In addition to influencing the misfolding and aggregation behavior of the mutant proteins , polymorphisms in putative modifier genes may affect the molecular processes leading to the disease p... | Correct folding and stability are essential for protein function . In cells , a network of molecular chaperones and degradative enzymes facilitate folding , prevent aggregation and ensure degradation of the misfolded proteins , thus maintaining protein homeostasis . In many diseases , including Amyotrophic Lateral Scle... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"physiology/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"biophysics/protein",
"folding"
] | 2009 | Destabilizing Protein Polymorphisms in the Genetic Background Direct Phenotypic Expression of Mutant SOD1 Toxicity |
DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) are one of the most dangerous DNA lesions , since their erroneous repair by nonhomologous end-joining ( NHEJ ) can generate harmful chromosomal rearrangements . PolX DNA polymerases are well suited to extend DSB ends that cannot be directly ligated due to their particular ability to bi... | Chromosomal translocations are one of the most common types of genomic rearrangements , which may have a relevant impact on cell development . They are often generated from DNA double-strand breaks that are inaccurately repaired by DNA repair machinery . In this study , we have developed genetic assays in yeast to anal... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Yeast Pol4 Promotes Tel1-Regulated Chromosomal Translocations |
The discovery of Nanobodies ( Nbs ) with a direct toxic activity against African trypanosomes is a recent advancement towards a new strategy against these extracellular parasites . The anti-trypanosomal activity relies on perturbing the highly active recycling of the Variant-specific Surface Glycoprotein ( VSG ) that o... | Nanobodies , antigen binding fragments derived from a non-conventional class of antibodies in camelids , were previously shown to exert a direct activity against African trypanosomes without the need of a toxin . Their mode-of-action relies on interference with the highly active recycling of the Variant-specific Surfac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"medicine",
"small",
"molecules",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"science",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"parasitol... | 2012 | Affinity Is an Important Determinant of the Anti-Trypanosome Activity of Nanobodies |
Asexuals are an important test case for theories of why species exist . If asexual clades displayed the same pattern of discrete variation as sexual clades , this would challenge the traditional view that sex is necessary for diversification into species . However , critical evidence has been lacking: all putative exam... | The evolution of distinct species has often been considered a property solely of sexually reproducing organisms . In fact , however , there is little evidence as to whether asexual groups do or do not diversify into species . We show that a famous group of asexual animals , the bdelloid rotifers , has diversified into ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"ecology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"animals",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Independently Evolving Species in Asexual Bdelloid Rotifers |
The type III secretion system ( T3SS ) is a complex macromolecular machinery employed by a number of Gram-negative pathogens to inject effectors directly into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells . ExoU from the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most aggressive toxins injected by a T3SS , leading... | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections and is a particular threat for cystic fibrosis and immunodepressed patients . One of the most aggressive toxins in its arsenal is ExoU , injected directly into target cells by a needle-like complex located on the surface of the bacterium , the type III ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"and",
"Materials"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"proteins",
"enzymes",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"biophysics",
"bacterial",
"pathogens"
] | 2012 | Structural Basis of Cytotoxicity Mediated by the Type III Secretion Toxin ExoU from Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
The application of deep sequencing to map 5′ capped transcripts has confirmed the existence of at least two distinct promoter classes in metazoans: “focused” promoters with transcription start sites ( TSSs ) that occur in a narrowly defined genomic span and “dispersed” promoters with TSSs that are spread over a larger ... | How are genes transcribed at the right levels and under the right conditions ? Transcription regulation in eukaryotes has long been proposed to work by a division of labor: ubiquitous DNA sequence features in the core promoter region , close to the transcription start site ( TSS ) of genes , were thought to generically... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics"
] | 2011 | Transcription Initiation Patterns Indicate Divergent Strategies for Gene Regulation at the Chromatin Level |
Hill-type muscle models are widely used within the field of biomechanics to predict and understand muscle behaviour , and are often essential where muscle forces cannot be directly measured . However , these models have limited accuracy , particularly during cyclic contractions at the submaximal levels of activation th... | One of the primary functions of skeletal muscle is to generate work and power to move the body during locomotor tasks such as walking and running . Because it is difficult to measure muscle behaviour in living animals , most of what we know about how muscles perform this function is from experiments where the muscle is... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"and",
"models",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"skeletal",
"muscles",
"biomechanics",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"muscle",
"contraction",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"muscle",
"functions",
"kinematics",
"research",
"and",
"analysi... | 2018 | A modelling approach for exploring muscle dynamics during cyclic contractions |
Here we report a stop-mutation in the BOD1 ( Biorientation Defective 1 ) gene , which co-segregates with intellectual disability in a large consanguineous family , where individuals that are homozygous for the mutation have no detectable BOD1 mRNA or protein . The BOD1 protein is required for proper chromosome segregat... | Intellectual disability ( ID ) is a form of cognitive impairment characterized by limitations in cognitive functions that manifest as an intelligence quotient ( IQ ) below 70 . ID has a prevalence of 1–3% in the general population and represents a major health-care problem . To understand the functional consequences of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"nervous",
"system",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"fibroblasts",
"animal",
"models"... | 2016 | BOD1 Is Required for Cognitive Function in Humans and Drosophila |
Prediction of RNA tertiary structure from sequence is an important problem , but generating accurate structure models for even short sequences remains difficult . Predictions of RNA tertiary structure tend to be least accurate in loop regions , where non-canonical pairs are important for determining the details of stru... | Three dimensional RNA structure prediction methods are not yet able to accurately model the base pairs that are not in standard A-form helices , called non-canonical pairs . Non-canonical base pairs are crucial in determining the conformations of structures , but available algorithms to identify them have limited accur... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"crystal",
"structure",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"rna",
"structure",
"prediction",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"mathematics",
"protein",
"structure",
"prediction",
"protein",
"structure",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis... | 2017 | Base pair probability estimates improve the prediction accuracy of RNA non-canonical base pairs |
Small noncoding RNAs ( sRNA ) can function as posttranscriptional activators of gene expression to regulate stress responses and metabolism . We here describe the mechanisms by which two sRNAs , GlmY and GlmZ , activate the Escherichia coli glmS mRNA , coding for an essential enzyme in amino-sugar metabolism . The two ... | Hierarchical action of regulators is a fundamental principle in gene expression control , and is well understood in protein-based signaling pathways . We have discovered that small noncoding RNAs ( sRNAs ) , a new class of gene expression regulators , can also act hierarchically and form a regulatory cascade . Two high... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | Two Seemingly Homologous Noncoding RNAs Act Hierarchically to Activate glmS mRNA Translation |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis proceeds by a sequential series of reactions catalyzed by discrete sets of protein machinery . The final reaction in clathrin-mediated endocytosis is membrane scission , which is mediated by the large guanosine triophosphate hydrolase ( GTPase ) dynamin and which may involve the actin-depe... | Cells internalize surface receptors via clathrin-mediated endocytosis , a process in which receptors concentrate in clathrin-coated pits in the plasma membrane that pinch into the cell as membrane vesicles . The mechanism by which vesicles pinch off from the plasma membrane is referred to as membrane scission and this ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cellular",
"structures",
"cell",
"biology",
"membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cytoskeleton"
] | 2012 | A Feedback Loop between Dynamin and Actin Recruitment during Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis |
A major determinant in the change of the avian influenza virus host range to humans is the E627K substitution in the PB2 polymerase protein . However , the polymerase activity of avian influenza viruses with a single PB2-E627K mutation is still lower than that of seasonal human influenza viruses , implying that avian v... | Avian influenza ( AI ) virus H5N1 subtype strains have been sporadically transmitted to humans with high mortality ( >60% ) , presenting a serious global health threat . In particular , 63% of recent human H5N1 infection cases worldwide have been reported in Egypt , which is now regarded as a hot spot for H5N1 virus ev... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"microbiology",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"viruses",
"mutation",
"h5n1",
"polymerases",
"rna",
"vi... | 2016 | Novel Polymerase Gene Mutations for Human Adaptation in Clinical Isolates of Avian H5N1 Influenza Viruses |
In the recent few years , an increasing number of studies have shown that microRNAs ( miRNAs ) play critical roles in many fundamental and important biological processes . As one of pathogenetic factors , the molecular mechanisms underlying human complex diseases still have not been completely understood from the persp... | Identification of miRNA-disease associations is considered as a key way for the development of pathology , diagnose and therapy . Computational prediction models contribute to discovering the underlying disease-related miRNAs on a large scale . Based on the assumption that functionally related miRNAs tend to be involve... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussions"
] | [
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"blastomas",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"oncology",
"algorithms",
"neurological",
"tumors",
"micrornas",
"non-coding",
"rna",
... | 2017 | PBMDA: A novel and effective path-based computational model for miRNA-disease association prediction |
Cooperation is key for the evolution of biological systems ranging from bacteria communities to human societies . Evolutionary processes can dramatically alter the cooperation level . Evolutionary processes are typically of two classes: comparison based and self-evaluation based . The fate of cooperation is extremely s... | Cooperation is the cornerstone to understand how biological systems evolve . Previous studies have shown that cooperation is sensitive to the details of evolutionary processes , even if all the individuals update strategies in the same way . Here we propose a class of updating rules driven by self-evaluation , where ea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"recreation",
"markov",
"models",
"decision",
"making",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"scale-free",
"networks",
"cognition",
"fungal",
"evolution",
"network",
"analysis",
"mycology",
"computer",
"... | 2018 | Individualised aspiration dynamics: Calculation by proofs |
Computer control of Darwinian evolution has been demonstrated by propagating a population of RNA enzymes in a microfluidic device . The RNA population was challenged to catalyze the ligation of an oligonucleotide substrate under conditions of progressively lower substrate concentrations . A microchip-based serial dilut... | The principles of Darwinian evolution are fundamental to understanding biological organization and have been applied to the development of functional molecules in the test tube . Laboratory evolution is greatly accelerated compared with natural evolution , but it usually requires substantial manipulation by the experim... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"chemical",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Darwinian Evolution on a Chip |
Utilizing common resources is always a dilemma for community members . While cooperator players restrain themselves and consider the proper state of resources , defectors demand more than their supposed share for a higher payoff . To avoid the tragedy of the common state , punishing the latter group seems to be an adeq... | Our proposed model considers not only the fundamental dilemma of individual and collective benefits but also focuses on their impacts on the environmental state . In general , there is a strong interdependence between individual actions and the actual shape of environment that can be described by means of a co-evolutio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"recreation",
"criminal",
"justice",
"system",
"criminal",
"punishment",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"social",
"sciences",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"evolutionary",
"computation",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"algebr... | 2018 | Punishment and inspection for governing the commons in a feedback-evolving game |
IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils contributes to protective immunity against helminths but also causes allergic responses . The development and persistence of IgE responses are poorly understood , which is in part due to the low number of IgE-producing cells . Here , we used next generation sequencing... | Allergic inflammation is initiated when IgE antibodies bind to high-affinity receptors on the cell surface of mast cells and basophils , thereby triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators . The development and persistence of IgE responses in vivo is poorly characterized because of the low number of IgE-produci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Extracellular Domains of IgG1 and T Cell-Derived IL-4/IL-13 Are Critical for the Polyclonal Memory IgE Response In Vivo |
African trypanosomes of the Trypanosoma brucei species are extracellular protozoan parasites that cause the deadly disease African trypanosomiasis in humans and contribute to the animal counterpart , Nagana . Trypanosome clearance from the bloodstream is mediated by antibodies specific for their Variant Surface Glycopr... | African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei species is fatal in both humans and animals and cannot be combated by vaccination because of extensive parasite antigenic variation . Effective trypanosome control and clearance from the bloodstream involves the action of antibodies specific for the parasite's highly... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"parasitology"
] | 2011 | T. brucei Infection Reduces B Lymphopoiesis in Bone Marrow and Truncates Compensatory Splenic Lymphopoiesis through Transitional B-Cell Apoptosis |
Proper meiotic chromosome segregation , essential for sexual reproduction , requires timely formation and removal of sister chromatid cohesion and crossing-over between homologs . Early in meiosis cohesins hold sisters together and also promote formation of DNA double-strand breaks , obligate precursors to crossovers .... | The formation of haploid gametes ( sex cells , such as eggs and sperm ) from diploid precursor cells involves two nuclear divisions but one round of chromosomal replication . In the unique first meiotic division , centromeres of sister chromatids remain connected and homologous chromosomes ( homologs ) segregate from e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Casein Kinase 1 and Phosphorylation of Cohesin Subunit Rec11 (SA3) Promote Meiotic Recombination through Linear Element Formation |
Human diseases of zoonotic origin are a major public health problem . Simian foamy viruses ( SFVs ) are complex retroviruses which are currently spilling over to humans . Replication-competent SFVs persist over the lifetime of their human hosts , without spreading to secondary hosts , suggesting the presence of efficie... | Foamy viruses are the oldest known retroviruses and have been mostly described to be nonpathogenic in their natural animal hosts . Simian foamy viruses ( SFVs ) can be transmitted to humans , in whom they establish persistent infection , as have the simian lenti- and deltaviruses that led to the emergence of two major ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"body",
"fluids",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"primates",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"antibodies",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"immune",
"sys... | 2018 | Potent neutralizing antibodies in humans infected with zoonotic simian foamy viruses target conserved epitopes located in the dimorphic domain of the surface envelope protein |
In multicellular organisms , cell number is typically determined by a balance of intracellular signals that positively and negatively regulate cell survival and proliferation . Dissecting these signaling networks facilitates the understanding of normal development and tumorigenesis . Here , we study signaling by the Dr... | Signaling networks that drive cell survival and proliferation regulate cell number in development and disease . We use a simple Drosophila model of cell number control , which centers on PDGF/VEGF receptor signaling . Performing a genome-wide RNAi screen under Pvr-sensitized conditions , we identify regulators of cell ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Systems-Level Interrogation Identifies Regulators of Drosophila Blood Cell Number and Survival |
The Global Strategy to Eliminate Lymphatic Filiariasis ( GFELF ) through Mass Drug Administration ( MDA ) has been implemented in Ghana since the year 2000 and transmission has been interrupted in 76 of 98 endemic districts . To improve the MDA in the remaining districts with microfilaria ( MF ) prevalence above the 1%... | Lymphatic Filariasis is a significant health problem threatening 1 . 1 billion people in 55 countries globally . After 18 years of implementing MDA in Ghana , LF transmission still persist in some districts with microfilaria prevalence level high above the threshold needed for the interruption of transmission of the di... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"health",
"services",
"research",
"education",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"filariasis",
"pharmaceutics",
"drug",
"administratio... | 2019 | Using intervention mapping to design and implement quality improvement strategies towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Northern Ghana |
The self-organization of peptides into amyloidogenic oligomers is one of the key events for a wide range of molecular and degenerative diseases . Atomic-resolution characterization of the mechanisms responsible for the aggregation process and the resulting structures is thus a necessary step to improve our understandin... | The formation of amyloid fibrils is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's , Creutzfeld-Jakob , Parkinson's , the Prion disease and diabetes mellitus . In all cases , proteins misfold to form highly ordered insoluble aggregates called amyloid fibrils that deposit intra- and extracellularly ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"biochemistry",
"simulations",
"proteins",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"biophysics",
"macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis"... | 2011 | A Multiscale Approach to Characterize the Early Aggregation Steps of the Amyloid-Forming Peptide GNNQQNY from the Yeast Prion Sup-35 |
Shade avoidance is an ecologically and molecularly well-understood set of plant developmental responses that occur when the ratio of red to far-red light ( R∶FR ) is reduced as a result of foliar shade . Here , a genome-wide association study ( GWAS ) in Arabidopsis thaliana was used to identify variants underlying one... | The goal of this work was to identify genetic variants underlying a well-characterized environmental response , the elongation of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls ( seedling stems ) in response to shade , otherwise known as shade avoidance . We performed a genome-wide association study with four phenotypes: absolute hyp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"plants",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Variants Underlying the Arabidopsis thaliana Shade Avoidance Response |
Genetic case-control association studies often include data on clinical covariates , such as body mass index ( BMI ) , smoking status , or age , that may modify the underlying genetic risk of case or control samples . For example , in type 2 diabetes , odds ratios for established variants estimated from low–BMI cases a... | This work describes a new methodology for analyzing genome-wide case-control association studies of diseases with strong correlations to clinical covariates , such as age in prostate cancer and body mass index in type 2 diabetes . Currently , researchers either ignore these clinical covariates or apply approaches that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"cross-sectional",
"studies",
"statistics",
"mathematics",
"clinical",
"epidemiology",
"cohort",
"studies",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"epidemiological",
"methods",
"genetic",
"testing",
... | 2012 | Informed Conditioning on Clinical Covariates Increases Power in Case-Control Association Studies |
Posttranslational modifications ( PTMs ) provide dynamic regulation of the cellular proteome , which is critical for both normal cell growth and for orchestrating rapid responses to environmental stresses , e . g . genotoxins . Key PTMs include ubiquitin , the Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier SUMO , and phosphorylation . ... | Posttranslational modifiers ( PTMs ) orchestrate the proteins and processes that control genome stability and cell growth . Accordingly , deregulation of PTMs causes disease , but can also be harnessed therapeutically . Crosstalk between PTMs is widespread , and acts to increase specificity and selectivity in signal tr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"enzymes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"phosphatases",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"sumoylation",
"cell",
"growth",
"schizosaccharomyces",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"saccharomyces",
... | 2016 | Functional Crosstalk between the PP2A and SUMO Pathways Revealed by Analysis of STUbL Suppressor, razor 1-1 |
Buruli ulcer caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans is an infection of the subcutaneous tissue leading to chronic necrotising skin ulcers . The pathogenesis is associated with the cytocidal and immunosuppressive activities of a macrolide toxin . Histopathological hallmark of progressing disease is a poor inflammatory respons... | Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a debilitating disease of the skin presenting with extensive tissue destruction and suppression of local host defence mechanisms . Surgical removal of the affected area has been the standard therapy until in 2004 WHO recommended eight weeks' treatment with the anti-mycobacterial drugs rifampicin ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dermatology/dermatologic",
"pathology",
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"pathology/histopathology",
"dermatology/skin",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/skin",
"infections",
"pathology/imm... | 2007 | Development of Highly Organized Lymphoid Structures in Buruli Ulcer Lesions after Treatment with Rifampicin and Streptomycin |
Kaposi’s sarcoma ( KS ) herpesvirus ( KSHV ) causes KS , an angiogenic AIDS-associated spindle-cell neoplasm , by activating host oncogenic signaling cascades through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms . Tyrosine kinase receptor ( RTK ) proteomic arrays , identified PDGF receptor-alpha ( PDGFRA ) as the predominantly-a... | Signaling mimicry is a key mechanism whereby oncoviruses can usurp host-regulatory pathways leading to acquisition of tissue-specific cancer hallmarks . A critical question in the KS field is the identification of this host pathways activated by KSHV that could provide novel insights on KSHV-pathobiology , elucidating ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cardiovascular",
"physiology",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"oncology",
"animal",
"models",
"angiogenesis",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"... | 2018 | KSHV-induced ligand mediated activation of PDGF receptor-alpha drives Kaposi's sarcomagenesis |
The DNA replication process represents a source of DNA stress that causes potentially spontaneous genome damage . This effect might be strengthened by mutations in crucial replication factors , requiring the activation of DNA damage checkpoints to enable DNA repair before anaphase onset . Here , we demonstrate that dep... | DNA replication is a highly complex process and the source of potential DNA damage . It is of utmost importance that the damaged DNA is repaired before cells proceed through mitosis , because the genome holds all the information required for correct development . DNA replication results in two identical sister chromati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"repair"
] | 2010 | The MCM-Binding Protein ETG1 Aids Sister Chromatid Cohesion Required for Postreplicative Homologous Recombination Repair |
G3BP-1 and -2 ( hereafter referred to as G3BP ) are multifunctional RNA-binding proteins involved in stress granule ( SG ) assembly . Viruses from diverse families target G3BP for recruitment to replication or transcription complexes in order to block SG assembly but also to acquire pro-viral effects via other unknown ... | In order to repel viral infections , cells activate stress responses . One such response involves inhibition of translation and restricted availability of the translation machinery via the formation of stress granules . However , the host translation machinery is absolutely essential for synthesis of viral proteins and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"alphaviruses",
"polyribosomes",
"viruses",
"chikungunya",
"virus",
"rna",
"viruses",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"transla... | 2019 | Separate domains of G3BP promote efficient clustering of alphavirus replication complexes and recruitment of the translation initiation machinery |
Toxoplasma gondii is a leading cause of congenital birth defects , as well as a cause for ocular and neurological diseases in humans . Its cytoskeleton is essential for parasite replication and invasion and contains many unique structures that are potential drug targets . Therefore , the biogenesis of the cytoskeletal ... | The disease toxoplasmosis is the result of uncontrolled growth and proliferation of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii , which is pathogenic for most warm-blooded animals . If growth of the parasite is blocked , then it does not cause disease , even though it may persist in the host as a chronic infection . P... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"cell",
"biology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"cell... | 2010 | TgMORN1 Is a Key Organizer for the Basal Complex of Toxoplasma gondii |
Gene co-expression network analysis is an effective method for predicting gene functions and disease biomarkers . However , few studies have systematically identified co-expressed genes involved in the molecular origin and development of various types of tumors . In this study , we used a network mining algorithm to id... | Proteins interact with each other in a network manner to precisely regulate complicated physiological functions of life . Diseases such as cancer may occur if the network regulations go wrong . In cancer research , network mining has been utilized to identify biomarkers , predict therapeutic targets , and discover new ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"genetic",
"networks",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"transcriptomes",
"microarrays",
"systems",
"biology",
"genetics",
"genomics",
"gene",
"networks",
"computational",
"biology",
... | 2012 | Weighted Frequent Gene Co-expression Network Mining to Identify Genes Involved in Genome Stability |
The appearance of planetary oxygen likely transformed the chemical and biochemical makeup of life and probably triggered episodes of organismal diversification . Here we use chemoinformatic methods to explore the impact of the rise of oxygen on metabolic evolution . We undertake a comprehensive comparative analysis of ... | Elucidating the link between the rise of planetary oxygen and biological evolution is a challenging topic in evolutionary biology . Previous studies in this area were dominated by biological investigations . The recent simulations of metabolic networks under anaerobic or aerobic conditions revealed that aerobic metabol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemistry",
"biology"
] | 2012 | The Impact of Oxygen on Metabolic Evolution: A Chemoinformatic Investigation |
Aberrant protein aggregation is a hallmark of many age-related diseases , yet little is known about whether proteins aggregate with age in a non-disease setting . Using a systematic proteomics approach , we identified several hundred proteins that become more insoluble with age in the multicellular organism Caenorhabdi... | In neurodegenerative diseases , such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease , specific proteins escape the cell's quality-control system and associate together , forming insoluble aggregates . Until now , little was known about whether proteins aggregate in a non-disease context . In this study , we discovered... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neurological",
"disorders/alzheimer",
"disease",
"cell",
"biology/chemical",
"biology",
"of",
"the",
"cell",
"biochemistry/bioinformatics",
"biochemistry/protein",
"folding"
] | 2010 | Widespread Protein Aggregation as an Inherent Part of Aging in C. elegans |
Oomycete pathogens produce a large number of CRN effectors to manipulate plant immune responses and promote infection . However , their functional mechanisms are largely unknown . Here , we identified a Phytophthora sojae CRN effector PsCRN108 which contains a putative DNA-binding helix-hairpin-helix ( HhH ) motif and ... | Phytophthora is a genus of plant-damaging oomycetes and contains over 100 species , most of which can cause enormous economic losses on crops and environmental damage to natural ecosystems . Phytophthora pathogens produce hundreds of effectors that act inside host cells during interaction with their host organisms . So... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | An Oomycete CRN Effector Reprograms Expression of Plant HSP Genes by Targeting their Promoters |
Reactome is a free , open-source , open-data , curated and peer-reviewed knowledgebase of biomolecular pathways . One of its main priorities is to provide easy and efficient access to its high quality curated data . At present , biological pathway databases typically store their contents in relational databases . This ... | To better support genome analysis , modeling , systems biology and education , we now offer our knowledgebase of biomolecular pathways as a graph database . We have developed a tool to migrate the Reactome content from the relational database used in curation to a graph database during each quarterly release process . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Design",
"and",
"implementation",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Availability",
"and",
"future",
"directions"
] | [
"computer",
"applications",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"relational",
"databases",
"database",
"searching",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"genomic",
"databases",
"data",
"management",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"genome",
"analysis",
"information",... | 2018 | Reactome graph database: Efficient access to complex pathway data |
Indoor residual spraying ( IRS ) with DDT has been the primary strategy for control of the visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) vector Phlebotomus argentipes in India but efficacy may be compromised by resistance . Synthetic pyrethroids are now being introduced for IRS , but with a shared target site , the para voltage-gated ... | Visceral leishmaniasis is a fatal disease transmitted solely by the sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes in India . For decades , indoor residual spraying targeting sandflies with DDT has been the main control tool in the region . Emergence of DDT resistance has compromised this strategy and pyrethroids are now being impleme... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"phenylalanine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"aliphatic",
"amino",
"acids",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"sand",
"flies",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"organic",
"compounds",
"animals",
"genetic",
"ma... | 2017 | Knockdown resistance mutations predict DDT resistance and pyrethroid tolerance in the visceral leishmaniasis vector Phlebotomus argentipes |
Chromosome segregation errors during meiosis result in the formation of aneuploid gametes and are the leading cause of pregnancy loss and birth defects in humans . Proper chromosome segregation requires pairwise associations of maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes . Chiasmata , which are the cytological manifes... | Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division in which haploid gametes are generated to counterbalance the doubling of the chromosome number occurring at fertilization . Proper chromosome segregation requires pairwise associations of the maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes . This is provided by chiasmata , wh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"homologous",
"chromosomes",
"spermatocytes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"germ",
"cells",
"dna",
"dna",
"structure",
"sperm",
"homologous",
"recombination",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"met... | 2018 | SHOC1 is a ERCC4-(HhH)2-like protein, integral to the formation of crossover recombination intermediates during mammalian meiosis |
Autism spectrum disorders ( ASD ) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders with a complex inheritance pattern . While many rare variants in synaptic proteins have been identified in patients with ASD , little is known about their effects at the synapse and their interactions with other genetic variatio... | Autism spectrum disorders ( ASD ) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders with a complex inheritance pattern . While mutations in several genes have been identified in patients with ASD , little is known about their effects on neuronal function and their interaction with other genetic variations . Usi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"mental",
"health",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"psychiatry"
] | 2012 | Genetic and Functional Analyses of SHANK2 Mutations Suggest a Multiple Hit Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders |
Genome editing occurs in the context of chromatin , which is heterogeneous in structure and function across the genome . Chromatin heterogeneity is thought to affect genome editing efficiency , but this has been challenging to quantify due to the presence of confounding variables . Here , we develop a method that explo... | Genomic imprinting is a developmental process through which either the maternally or paternally derived allele of a gene is epigenetically silenced . Imprinting has served as a model system to understand the mechanisms through which chromatin modifications can influence transcriptional regulation; comparisons between a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mutation",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"dna",
"methylation",
"chromatin",
"heterochromatin",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"genomic",
... | 2018 | Heterochromatin delays CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis but does not influence the outcome of mutagenic DNA repair |
Although anti-retroviral therapy ( ART ) is highly effective in suppressing HIV replication , it fails to eradicate the virus from HIV-infected individuals . Stable latent HIV reservoirs are rapidly established early after HIV infection . Therefore , effective strategies for eradication of the HIV reservoirs are urgent... | Stable latent viral reservoirs in HIV infected individuals are rapidly reactivated following the interruption of anti-retroviral therapy ( ART ) . Despite an early initiation of ART , viral reservoirs are established and persist as demonstrated in the case of the Mississippi baby and from recent studies of the SIV mode... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Synergistic Reactivation of Latent HIV Expression by Ingenol-3-Angelate, PEP005, Targeted NF-kB Signaling in Combination with JQ1 Induced p-TEFb Activation |
Cystic fibrosis ( CF ) patients often have reduced mass and strength of skeletal muscles , including the diaphragm , the primary muscle of respiration . Here we show that lack of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) plays an intrinsic role in skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction . In normal murine and... | Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) , which acts as a chloride channel and also participates in the regulation of other ions and proteins . In most CF patients , the clinical course is dominated by lung disease and recurrent pulmo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiology/immune",
"response",
"physiology/respiratory",
"physiology",
"respiratory",
"medicine/respiratory",
"infections",
"physiology/muscle",
"and",
"connective",
"tissue",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"respiratory",
"medicine/respiratory",
"failure"
] | 2009 | Lack of CFTR in Skeletal Muscle Predisposes to Muscle Wasting and Diaphragm Muscle Pump Failure in Cystic Fibrosis Mice |
The ability to simultaneously record from large numbers of neurons in behaving animals has ushered in a new era for the study of the neural circuit mechanisms underlying cognitive functions . One promising approach to uncovering the dynamical and computational principles governing population responses is to analyze mod... | Cognitive functions arise from the coordinated activity of many interconnected neurons . As neuroscientists increasingly use large datasets of simultaneously recorded neurons to study the brain , one approach that has emerged as a promising tool for interpreting population responses is to analyze model recurrent neural... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"decision",
"making",
"neural",
"networks",
"nervous",
"system",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"cognition",
"artificial",
"i... | 2016 | Training Excitatory-Inhibitory Recurrent Neural Networks for Cognitive Tasks: A Simple and Flexible Framework |
Push–pull networks are ubiquitous in signal transduction pathways in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells . They allow cells to strongly amplify signals via the mechanism of zero-order ultrasensitivity . In a push–pull network , two antagonistic enzymes control the activity of a protein by covalent modification . Thes... | Living cells continually have to respond to a changing environment . To this end , they do not only have to detect environmental signals , but also to amplify them . In living cells , signals are often amplified in so-called push-pull networks . In a push–pull network , two enzymes control the activity of a protein in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"prokaryotes",
"biophysics",
"eukaryotes",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Enzyme Localization Can Drastically Affect Signal Amplification in Signal Transduction Pathways |
A common feature in biological neuromuscular systems is the redundancy in joint actuation . Understanding how these redundancies are resolved in typical joint movements has been a long-standing problem in biomechanics , neuroscience and prosthetics . Many empirical studies have uncovered neural , mechanical and energet... | Biological neuromuscular systems are generally able to perform a specified movement task in several ways – as they have significantly more degrees of freedom than mechanical constraints . Understanding how humans resolve these redundancies to drive individual muscles and tendons in typical joint movements is of interes... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/motor",
"systems",
"mathematics",
"computer",
"science/systems",
"and",
"control",
"theory",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Human Leg Model Predicts Ankle Muscle-Tendon Morphology, State, Roles and Energetics in Walking |
The basic organisation of the endomembrane system is conserved in all eukaryotes and comparative genome analyses provides compelling evidence that the endomembrane system of the last common eukaryotic ancestor ( LCEA ) is complex with many genes required for regulated traffic being present . Although apicomplexan paras... | Eukaryotic cells evolved a highly complex endomembrane system , consisting of secretory and endocytic organelles . In the case of apicomplexan parasites unique secretory organelles have evolved that are essential for the invasion of the host cell . Surprisingly these protozoans show a paucity of trafficking factors , s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"toxoplasma",
"gondii",
"microbiology",
"plasmodium",
"falciparum",
"parasitology",
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"eukaryotic",
"evolution",
"protozoan",
"models",
"biology... | 2013 | An Overexpression Screen of Toxoplasma gondii Rab-GTPases Reveals Distinct Transport Routes to the Micronemes |
Currently , no dengue NS1 detection kit has regulatory approval for the diagnosis of acute dengue fever . Here we report the sensitivity and specificity of the InBios DEN Detect NS1 ELISA using a panel of well characterized human acute fever serum specimens . The InBios DENV Detect NS1 ELISA was tested using a panel co... | Infections by the mosquito-transmitted dengue virus continue to increase , threatening the health of people in over a hundred countries worldwide . The lack of effective mosquito control , licensed dengue vaccines or specific therapeutics to treat dengue infections presents challenges to reduce the burden of this disea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"dengue",
"fever",
"immunoassays",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"viral",
"diseases",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"
] | 2014 | Evaluation of a Dengue NS1 Antigen Detection Assay Sensitivity and Specificity for the Diagnosis of Acute Dengue Virus Infection |
Previous results have shown that oral and intranasal administration of particulate Leishmania ( Leishmania ) amazonensis antigens ( LaAg ) partially protects mice against L . amazonensis infection . However , vaccination studies on species of the subgenus Viannia , the main causative agent of cutaneous and mucosal leis... | Leishmaniasis is a disease that is common in most tropical countries . In Brazil , the cutaneous form of the disease is highly prevalent , with approximately 28 , 000 new cases reported annually . L . ( Viannia ) braziliensis is the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis; however , vaccine studies against prot... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"leishmaniasis",
"protozoan",
"infections",
"vaccine",
"development",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"vaccination",
"and",
"immunization",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"veterin... | 2015 | Intranasal Vaccination with Leishmanial Antigens Protects Golden Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) Against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Infection |
Antibodies to the prion protein , PrP , represent a promising therapeutic approach against prion diseases but the neurotoxicity of certain anti-PrP antibodies has caused concern . Here we describe scPOM-bi , a bispecific antibody designed to function as a molecular prion tweezer . scPOM-bi combines the complementarity-... | Antibody immunotherapy is considered a viable strategy against prion disease . We previously showed that antibodies against the so-called globular domain of Prion Protein ( PrP ) can cause PrP dependent neurotoxicity; this does not happen for antibodies against the flexible tail of PrP , which therefore ought to be pre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animal",
"diseases",
"immune",
"physiology",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"enzymes",
"immunology",
"enzymology",
"toxicology",
"toxicity",
"animal",
"prion... | 2018 | A bispecific immunotweezer prevents soluble PrP oligomers and abolishes prion toxicity |
The chikungunya ( CHIK ) outbreak that struck La Reunion Island in 2005 was preceded by few human cases of Dengue ( DEN ) , but which surprisingly did not lead to an epidemic as might have been expected in a non-immune population . Both arboviral diseases are transmitted to humans by two main mosquito species , Aedes a... | Aedes albopictus is an invasive species that is expanding its natural range of geographic distribution . While it was previously considered a secondary vector of different arboviruses , this mosquito species is involved in the most recent outbreaks of chikungunya but contributes weakly to dengue outbreaks . Ae . albopi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"zoology",
"entomology",
"vector",
"biology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbial",
"ecology"
] | 2012 | The Native Wolbachia Symbionts Limit Transmission of Dengue Virus in Aedes albopictus |
Nigeria is known to be endemic to Buruli ulcer , but epidemiological data are remarkably rare . Here , we present a large cohort of 127 PCR-confirmed M . ulcerans infection patients coming from Nigeria and treated in a neighbouring country , Benin . Severe lesions and delay of consultation are factors that should encou... | Buruli ulcer is known to be endemic to Nigeria since at least 1967 , however epidemiological data are rare and incomplete . In total , only 51 Buruli ulcer patients were described in 45 years , all found in Southern Nigeria . This is likely a result of the lack of adequate public health structures dedicated to the diag... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"people",
"and",
"places",
"buruli",
"ulcer",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"benin",
"lesions",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations... | 2015 | Buruli Ulcer in South Western Nigeria: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients Treated in Benin |
A type III secretion system ( T3SS ) in pathogenic Yersinia species functions to translocate Yop effectors , which modulate cytokine production and regulate cell death in macrophages . Distinct pathways of T3SS-dependent cell death and caspase-1 activation occur in Yersinia-infected macrophages . One pathway of cell de... | Pathogenic bacteria in the genus Yersinia use multiple virulence determinants to counteract innate immunity and facilitate infection . A type III system in Yersinia translocates an effector called YopJ that elicits cell death in macrophages . YopJ inhibits the production of survival factors in naïve macrophages , causi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | A Yersinia Effector with Enhanced Inhibitory
Activity on the NF-κB Pathway Activates the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 Inflammasome
in Macrophages |
Immune synapses formed by T and NK cells both show segregation of the integrin ICAM1 from other proteins such as CD2 ( T cell ) or KIR ( NK cell ) . However , the mechanism by which these proteins segregate remains unclear; one key hypothesis is a redistribution based on protein size . Simulations of this mechanism qua... | A cell interacts with its environment though the thousands of proteins that are expressed on the cell's surface . A number of these proteins are involved in cell∶cell communication , a complex process where two cells establish a ( transient ) contact interface forming protein bonds that bridge the interface . In T cell... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"immune",
"cells",
"mathematics",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"statistics",
"immunology",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"statistical",
"methods",
"markov",
"model",
"probability",
"theory"
] | 2011 | Boltzmann Energy-based Image Analysis Demonstrates that Extracellular Domain Size Differences Explain Protein Segregation at Immune Synapses |
Branching morphogenesis of the epithelial ureteric bud forms the renal collecting duct system and is critical for normal nephron number , while low nephron number is implicated in hypertension and renal disease . Ureteric bud growth and branching requires GDNF signaling from the surrounding mesenchyme to cells at the u... | During kidney development , the growth and repeated branching of an epithelial tube , the ureteric bud , generates the tree-like collecting duct system . In humans , defects in these processes cause congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract . While many of the genes that control these events are known ( ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"kidney",
"development",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"cloning",
"alleles",
"developmental",
"biology",
"organism",
"development",
"branching",
"morphogenesis",
"molecular... | 2016 | Ret and Etv4 Promote Directed Movements of Progenitor Cells during Renal Branching Morphogenesis |
The use of 3C-based methods has revealed the importance of the 3D organization of the chromatin for key aspects of genome biology . However , the different caveats of the variants of 3C techniques have limited their scope and the range of scientific fields that could benefit from these approaches . To address these lim... | Chromatin conformation capture ( 3C ) methods have revealed the importance of the 3D organization of the chromatin , which is key to understand many aspects of genome biology . But each of these methods have their own limitations . Here we present 4Cin , a software that generates 3D models of the chromatin from a small... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"fish",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"epigenetics",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"information",
"technology",
"data",
"processing",
"chromatin",
"structural",
"genomics",
"research",
... | 2018 | 4Cin: A computational pipeline for 3D genome modeling and virtual Hi-C analyses from 4C data |
The acid-base behavior of amino acids is an important subject of study due to their prominent role in enzyme catalysis , substrate binding and protein structure . Due to interactions with the protein environment , their pKas can be shifted from their solution values and , if a protein has two stable conformations , it ... | The interaction of an amino acid with its protein environment can result in an acid-base behavior that is very different from what would be observed in solution . This environment can be greatly altered when the protein changes conformation . As a result , the amino acid will have two different “microscopic” pKa values... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"protein",
"chemistry",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"biochemistry",
"simulations",
"proteins",
"protein",
"structure",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"hemoproteins",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2012 | pH-Dependent Conformational Changes in Proteins and Their Effect on Experimental pKas: The Case of Nitrophorin 4 |
Tumor necrosis factor α ( TNF-α ) is a key regulator of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . TNF-α blocker therapies can be very effective for a substantial number of patients , but fail to work in one third of patients who show no or minimal response . It is therefore necessary to discover new molecular inte... | The collection and analysis of clinical data has played a key role in providing insights into the diagnosis , prognosis and treatment of disease . However , it is imperative that molecular and genetic data also be collected and integrated into the creation of network models , which capture underlying mechanisms of dise... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"rheumatology/rheumatoid",
"arthritis",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"thera... | 2011 | Causal Modeling Using Network Ensemble Simulations of Genetic and Gene Expression Data Predicts Genes Involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
Antiviral monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) represent promising therapeutics . However , most mAbs-based immunotherapies conducted so far have only considered the blunting of viral propagation and not other possible therapeutic effects independent of virus neutralization , namely the modulation of the endogenous immune re... | Monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) constitute the largest class of bio-therapeutic proteins and are increasingly being considered as drugs to fight both acute and chronic severe human viral diseases . Most antiviral mAb-based treatments conducted so far , whether in humans or in animal models , have only considered the blu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"virology/new",
"therapies,",
"including",
"antivirals",
"and",
"immunotherapy",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"virology/viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"virology/immune",
"evasion",
"immunology/immunity",
... | 2010 | A Crucial Role for Infected-Cell/Antibody Immune Complexes in the Enhancement of Endogenous Antiviral Immunity by Short Passive Immunotherapy |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes devastating chronic pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis ( CF ) patients . Although the CF airway is inhabited by diverse species of microorganisms interlaced within a biofilm , many studies focus on the sole contribution of P . aeruginosa pathogenesis in CF morbidity . More recently , ... | The cystic fibrosis ( CF ) airway is a polymicrobial environment that is typically dominated by the destructive pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa . However , oral commensal streptococci are increasingly being recognized as relevant members of the CF polymicrobial biofilm and some studies have shown that these streptococc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"biofilms",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"genetic",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"fibrosis",
"animals",
"pulmonology",
"pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"animal",
"models",
"... | 2017 | A commensal streptococcus hijacks a Pseudomonas aeruginosa exopolysaccharide to promote biofilm formation |
One of the few commonly believed principles of molecular evolution is that functionally more important genes ( or DNA sequences ) evolve more slowly than less important ones . This principle is widely used by molecular biologists in daily practice . However , recent genomic analysis of a diverse array of organisms foun... | The fact that functionally more important genes or DNA sequences evolve more slowly than less important ones is commonly believed and frequently used by molecular biologists . However , previous genome-wide studies of a diverse array of organisms found only weak , negative correlations between the importance of a gene ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2009 | Why Is the Correlation between Gene Importance and Gene Evolutionary Rate So Weak? |
Although bacteria with multipartite genomes are prevalent , our knowledge of the mechanisms maintaining their genome is very limited , and much remains to be learned about the structural and functional interrelationships of multiple chromosomes . Owing to its bi-chromosomal genome architecture and its importance in pub... | Vibrio cholerae , the causative agent of cholera in humans , has two circular chromosomes of uneven size , each with distinct maintenance requirements . This is in contrast to classical , Escherichia coli–centric bacterial models of a single chromosome . In this study , we took advantage of V . cholerae's atypical geno... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"model",
"organisms",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"genetics",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Genome Engineering in Vibrio cholerae: A Feasible Approach to Address Biological Issues |
Extraction of all the biological information inherent in large-scale genetic interaction datasets remains a significant challenge for systems biology . The core problem is essentially that of classification of the relationships among phenotypes of mutant strains into biologically informative “rules” of gene interaction... | Targeted genetic perturbation is a powerful tool for inferring gene function in model organisms . Functional relationships between genes can be inferred by observing the effects of multiple genetic perturbations in a single strain . The study of these relationships , generally referred to as genetic interactions , is a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Maximal Extraction of Biological Information from Genetic Interaction Data |
New antiretroviral drugs that offer large genetic barriers to resistance , such as the recently approved inhibitors of HIV-1 protease , tipranavir and darunavir , present promising weapons to avert the failure of current therapies for HIV infection . Optimal treatment strategies with the new drugs , however , are yet t... | The ability of HIV to rapidly acquire mutations responsible for resistance to administered drugs underlies the failure of current antiretroviral therapies for HIV infection . The recent advent of drugs that offer large genetic barriers to resistance , e . g . , tipranavir and darunavir , presents a new opportunity to d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/population",
"genetics",
"pharmacology/drug",
"resistance",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infectio... | 2009 | Timing the Emergence of Resistance to Anti-HIV Drugs with Large Genetic Barriers |
Pitch is a fundamental attribute of auditory perception . The interaction of concurrent pitches gives rise to a sensation that can be characterized by its degree of consonance or dissonance . In this work , we propose that human auditory cortex ( AC ) processes pitch and consonance through a common neural network mecha... | In this work , we argue that human auditory cortex processes pitch and consonance by means of a common neural network mechanism operating at early cortical stages . We introduce a neural population model of cortical pitch processing that contains biophysically realistic synaptic and neural parameters . The model quanti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"auditory",
"cortex",
"linguistics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"neural",
"networks",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"hearing",
"brain",
"mapping",
"neurotransmitters",
"neuroimaging",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods... | 2019 | Modeling and MEG evidence of early consonance processing in auditory cortex |
It is now widely accepted that gene organisation in eukaryotic genomes is non-random and it is proposed that such organisation may be important for gene expression and genome evolution . In particular , the results of several large-scale gene expression analyses in a range of organisms from yeast to human indicate that... | The order of genes within eukaryotic genomes is not completely random . In all genomes characterised to date there are regions of the genome , known as gene expression neighbourhoods , which contain clusters of genes that are expressed together in a particular tissue or at a particular developmental stage . Comparative... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics"
] | 2010 | Neighbourhood Continuity Is Not Required for Correct Testis Gene Expression in Drosophila |
Alphaviruses are highly organized enveloped RNA viruses with an internal nucleocapsid surrounded by a membrane containing the E2 and E1 transmembrane proteins . Alphavirus budding takes place at the plasma membrane and requires the interaction of the cytoplasmic domain of E2 with the capsid protein . Here we used WT al... | Alphaviruses are a group of small enveloped RNA viruses that include a number of important human pathogens such as Chikungunya virus and viruses that cause fatal encephalitis . Chikungunya virus emerged recently in a number of countries worldwide including the Americas , where it has caused major outbreaks . Vaccines a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"vero",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"alphaviruses",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"viruses",
"rna",
... | 2016 | Intercellular Extensions Are Induced by the Alphavirus Structural Proteins and Mediate Virus Transmission |
Extracellular vesicles ( EV ) secreted by pathogens function in a variety of biological processes . Here , we demonstrate that in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei , exosome secretion is induced by stress that affects trans-splicing . Following perturbations in biogenesis of spliced leader RNA , which donates i... | Trypanosomes are the causative agent of major parasitic diseases such as African sleeping sickness , leishmaniosis and Chagas' disease that affect millions of people . These parasites cycle between an insect and a mammalian host . Communication between the parasites and the host must be essential for executing a produc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"small",
"nucleolar",
"rnas",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"rna",
"extraction",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"physiological",
"processes",
"protozoans",
"c... | 2017 | Exosome secretion affects social motility in Trypanosoma brucei |
How growth and proliferation are precisely controlled in organs during development and how the regulation of cell division contributes to the formation of complex cell type patterns are important questions in developmental biology . Such a pattern of diverse cell sizes is characteristic of the sepals , the outermost fl... | How the regulation of cell division contributes to cell patterning in an organ is an important question in developmental biology . We chose to study cell size patterning in the Arabidopsis sepal , the green leaf-like floral organ , because it contains a wide range of cell sizes—from giant cells to small cells—and becau... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"developmental",
"biology/pattern",
"formation",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Variability in the Control of Cell Division Underlies Sepal Epidermal Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana |
Muscular dystrophies are common , currently incurable diseases . A subset of dystrophies result from genetic disruptions in complexes that attach muscle fibers to their surrounding extracellular matrix microenvironment . Cell-matrix adhesions are exquisite sensors of physiological conditions and mediate responses that ... | A variety of diseases , both inherited and acquired , affect muscle tissues in humans . Critical to muscle homeostasis is the anchoring of muscle fibers to their surrounding microenvironment through cell adhesion complexes that help to resist the repeated stress experienced during muscle contraction . Genetic mutations... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Summary",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"gene",
"function",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"morphogenesis",
"embryology",
"musculoskeletal",
"system",
"biology",
"zebrafish",
"physiology",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"... | 2012 | NAD+ Biosynthesis Ameliorates a Zebrafish Model of Muscular Dystrophy |
Prior studies have shown that disruption of mitochondrial electron transport chain ( ETC ) function in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can result in life extension . Counter to these findings , many mutations that disrupt ETC function in humans are known to be pathologically life-shortening . In this study , we hav... | The worm Caenorhabditis elegans has afforded major advances in our understanding of aging , in part because a limited number of genetic pathways appear to govern aging in this organism . In this study , we explore one class of long-lived C . elegans , the Mit mutants , which are characterized by defective mitochondrial... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"eukaryotes",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"nematodes"
] | 2007 | Relationship Between Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Dysfunction, Development, and Life Extension in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Data from SIV-infected macaques indicate that virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes ( CTL ) are mostly present in the extrafollicular ( EF ) compartment of the lymphoid tissue , with reduced homing to the follicular ( F ) site . This contributes to the majority of the virus being present in the follicle and represents... | A better understanding of immune response dynamics and virus control in HIV infection is an important goal of current research . While measurements are often recorded in the blood , intricate dynamics occur in the lymphoid tissue . Recent data indicate that killer T cell responses , or CTL , show reduced homing to the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"population",
"dynamics",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"mathematical",
"models",
"animals",
"mamm... | 2018 | Virus and CTL dynamics in the extrafollicular and follicular tissue compartments in SIV-infected macaques |
Establishing a functional network is invaluable to our understanding of gene function , pathways , and systems-level properties of an organism and can be a powerful resource in directing targeted experiments . In this study , we present a functional network for the laboratory mouse based on a Bayesian integration of di... | Functionally related proteins interact in diverse ways to carry out biological processes , and each protein often participates in multiple pathways . Proteins are therefore organized into a complex network through which different functions of the cell are carried out . An accurate description of such a network is inval... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2008 | A Genomewide Functional Network for the Laboratory Mouse |
Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne human illness worldwide . The ability to predict disease severity during the earliest days of the illness is a long-sought , but unachieved goal . We examined human genome-wide transcript abundance patterns in daily peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC ) samples from 41 c... | Infection with dengue virus ( DENV ) causes dengue fever , the most prevalent mosquito-borne illness of humans worldwide . Tens of millions of cases occur annually; up to 500 , 000 patients develop additional life-threatening complications , including hemorrhage and shock . The clinical course of the disease evolves ra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"viral",
"classification",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"dengue",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"rna",
"viruses",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"glob... | 2012 | Temporal Dynamics of the Transcriptional Response to Dengue Virus Infection in Nicaraguan Children |
Cohesin is a protein complex that forms a ring around sister chromatids thus holding them together . The ring is composed of three proteins: Smc1 , Smc3 and Scc1 . The roles of three additional proteins that associate with the ring , Scc3 , Pds5 and Wpl1 , are not well understood . It has been proposed that these three... | When a cell divides , each daughter cell receives one , and only one , of each sister DNA molecule from the mother . These identical DNA molecules , called chromatids , result from the replication of a single DNA molecule and are held together by a ring-shaped protein complex termed cohesin . As a cell’s genetic inform... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"centromeres",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Cohesin Rings Devoid of Scc3 and Pds5 Maintain Their Stable Association with the DNA |
Blindness due to trachoma is avoidable through Surgery , Antibiotics , Facial hygiene and Environmental improvements ( SAFE ) . Recent surveys have shown trachoma to be a serious cause of blindness in Southern Sudan . We conducted this survey in Ayod County of Jonglei State to estimate the need for intervention activit... | Trachoma , a neglected tropical disease , is the leading cause of infectious blindness and is targeted for global elimination by the year 2020 . We conducted a survey in Ayod County of Jonglei State , Southern Sudan , to determine whether blinding trachoma was a public health problem and to plan interventions to contro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/global",
"health",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/environmental",
"health"
] | 2008 | The Burden of Trachoma in Ayod County of Southern Sudan |
Sepsis , an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response , remains a major medical challenge . Both hyperinflammation and immunosuppression are implicated as causes of morbidity and mortality . Dendritic cell ( DC ) loss has been observed in septic patients and in experimental sepsis models , but the role of DCs in sepsi... | Sepsis refers to life-threatening systemic inflammation , often caused by infection with bacteria that produce lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) . Glucocorticoids , immunosuppressive hormones produced by the adrenals , have been used to treat sepsis for over 50 y , but little is known about the role of endogenous ( naturally ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Suppression of Dendritic Cell-Derived IL-12 by Endogenous Glucocorticoids Is Protective in LPS-Induced Sepsis |
The diagnosis of paucibacillary ( PB ) leprosy cases remains a challenge because of the absence of a confirmatory laboratory method . While quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qPCR ) has been shown to provide reliable sensitivity and specificity in PB diagnoses , a thorough investigation of its efficacy in clinica... | Leprosy is a major public health problem in several low- to middle-developed countries where a consistent number of new cases are diagnosed every year . Irrespective of the use of efficient treatment , diagnosis is late because of the absence of a gold standard method . Thus , the multi-drug therapy ( MDT ) is unable t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"anatomical",
"pathology",
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"biopsy",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"organisms",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"... | 2019 | Quantitative polymerase chain reaction in paucibacillary leprosy diagnosis: A follow-up study |
Chemicals interact with genes in the process of disease development and treatment . Although much biomedical research has been performed to understand relationships among genes , chemicals , and diseases , which have been reported in biomedical articles in Medline , there are few studies that extract disease–gene–chemi... | For understanding the role of chemicals in the molecular process of disease development and treatment , it is important to extract disease–gene–chemical relationships from the literature , that is , which gene and which chemical interact with each other for the development and treatment of which disease . Previous work... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"database",
"searching",
"genitourinary",
"tract",
"tumors",
"neuroscience",
"oncology",
"prostate",
"cancer",
"artificial",
"intellig... | 2019 | DigChem: Identification of disease-gene-chemical relationships from Medline abstracts |
Although treatment options for localized prostate cancer ( CaP ) are initially effective , the five-year survival for metastatic CaP is below 30% . Mutation or deletion of the PTEN tumor suppressor is a frequent event in metastatic CaP , and inactivation of the transforming growth factor ( TGF ) ß signaling pathway is ... | Prostate cancer is among the leading causes of cancer deaths in men . While treatments for localized disease are quite effective , once the cancer metastasizes five-year survival rates drop to below 30% . The transforming growth factor ( TGF ) ß pathway is frequently inactivated in prostate cancer , and reduced express... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"keratinocytes",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"genitourinary",
"tract",
"tumors",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"oncology",
"prostate",
"cancer",
"secondary",
"lung",
"tumors",
"basal",
"cells",
"invasive",
"tumors",
"ani... | 2018 | TGFβ signaling limits lineage plasticity in prostate cancer |
Whooping cough , or pertussis , is a contagious disease of the respiratory tract that is re-emerging worldwide despite high vaccination coverage . The causative agent of this disease is the Gram-negative Bordetella pertussis . Knowledge on complement evasion strategies of this pathogen is limited . However , this is of... | Despite wide-spread vaccination , whooping cough caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis remains a public health problem and has been re-emerging in the past decades . To this end , new vaccination strategies are being explored including the use of complement evasion molecules as vaccine candidates .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bordetella",
"complement",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"immunoblotting",
"... | 2017 | Acquisition of C1 inhibitor by Bordetella pertussis virulence associated gene 8 results in C2 and C4 consumption away from the bacterial surface |
In a crowded visual scene , attention must be distributed efficiently and flexibly over time and space to accommodate different contexts . It is well established that selective attention enhances the corresponding neural responses , presumably implying that attention would persistently dwell on the task-relevant item .... | In a crowded visual scene , attention must be efficiently and flexibly distributed over time and space to accommodate different contexts in a task . Recent studies have proposed that attention is a dynamic process that organizes copious information temporally . However , how the brain coordinates attention among multip... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"light",
"neuroscience",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"regression",
"analysis",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"luminance",
"mathematics",
... | 2017 | Sequential sampling of visual objects during sustained attention |
An important issue in motor control is understanding the basic principles underlying the accomplishment of natural movements . According to optimal control theory , the problem can be stated in these terms: what cost function do we optimize to coordinate the many more degrees of freedom than necessary to fulfill a spec... | To reach an object , the brain has to select among a set of possible arm trajectories that displace the hand from an initial to a final desired position . Because of the intrinsic redundancy characterizing the human arm , the number of admissible joint trajectories toward the goal is generally infinite . However , many... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"motor",
"systems",
"control",
"theory",
"mathematics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2011 | Evidence for Composite Cost Functions in Arm Movement Planning: An Inverse Optimal Control Approach |
To comprehend the principles underlying sensory information processing , it is important to understand how the nervous system deals with various sources of perturbation . Here , we analyze how the representation of motion information in the fly's nervous system changes with temperature and luminance . Although these tw... | How is information about the sensory world represented in the brain ? How does this representation change , when the stimulus is contaminated by noise or the brain itself is perturbed by temperature variations ? We address these questions by studying motion vision in the fly's visual system . Flies barely thermoregulat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience"
] | 2010 | Coding Efficiency of Fly Motion Processing Is Set by Firing Rate, Not Firing Precision |
Accurate means to detect mild traumatic brain injury ( mTBI ) using objective and quantitative measures remain elusive . Conventional imaging typically detects no abnormalities despite post-concussive symptoms . In the present study , we recorded resting state magnetoencephalograms ( MEG ) from adults with mTBI and con... | Detecting concussion is typically not possible using currently clinically used brain imaging , such as MRI and CT scans . Magnetoencephalographic ( MEG ) imaging is able to directly measure brain activity at fast time scales , and this can be used to map how various areas of the brain interact . We recorded MEG from in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"traumatic",
"injury",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"neural",
"networks",
"brain",
"damage",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"artificial",
"intelligence",
"brain",
... | 2016 | Detecting Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Using Resting State Magnetoencephalographic Connectivity |
The stability of repetitive sequences in complex eukaryotic genomes is safeguarded by factors suppressing homologues recombination . Prominent in this is the role of the RTR complex . In plants , it consists of the RecQ helicase RECQ4A , the topoisomerase TOP3α and RMI1 . Like mammals , but not yeast , plants harbor an... | The Bloom syndrome and Hoyeraal Hreidarsson syndrome are severe diseases in humans that are correlated with genome instability . Interestingly , plants harbor homologs of factors that are defective in the respective diseases . In the model plant A . thaliana these proteins play important roles in various aspects of the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"brassica",
"pollen",
"telomeres",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"genomics",
"dna",
"recombination"... | 2016 | The RTR Complex Partner RMI2 and the DNA Helicase RTEL1 Are Both Independently Involved in Preserving the Stability of 45S rDNA Repeats in Arabidopsis thaliana |
Cutaneous human papillomaviruses ( HPVs ) are considered as cofactors for non-melanoma skin cancer ( NMSC ) development , especially in association with UVB . Extensively studied transgenic mouse models failed to mimic all aspects of virus-host interactions starting from primary infection to the appearance of a tumor .... | Epidemiological data already strongly suggest an involvement of cutaneous papillomaviruses in the development of NMSC . However , since the viral DNA is frequently lost during progression from precursor lesions to NMSC—which is in contrast to high-risk mucosal HPVs in the context of anogenital cancer—their etiological ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"keratinocytes",
"ultraviolet",
"radiation",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"skin",
"tumors",
"carcinomas",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"microbiology",
"light",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"epith... | 2017 | The interplay of UV and cutaneous papillomavirus infection in skin cancer development |
Antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) reduces levels of HIV-1 and immune activation but both can persist despite clinically effective ART . The relationships among pre-ART and on-ART levels of HIV-1 and activation are incompletely understood , in part because prior studies have been small or cross-sectional . To address these... | HIV-infected individuals who are receiving antiretroviral therapy continue to have low but persistent amounts of virus in blood as well as high levels of immune activation . Elevated immune activation has been linked to medical complications , like heart disease . Whether activation is being driven by or driving HIV pe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"antiviral",
"therapy",
"pathogens",
"immune",
"activation",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"biomarkers",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficienc... | 2017 | Levels of HIV-1 persistence on antiretroviral therapy are not associated with markers of inflammation or activation |
Novel surveillance strategies are needed to detect the rapid and continuous emergence of infectious disease agents . Ideally , new sampling strategies should be simple to implement , technologically uncomplicated , and applicable to areas where emergence events are known to occur . To this end , xenosurveillance is a t... | Infectious diseases continue to be a burden on mankind , particularly in the developing countries of the tropics . Recognition of pathogen transmission in humans is a crucial step to thwarting epidemics of these pathogens . However , sampling human blood or tissue is invasive and logistically difficult . Xenosurveillan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"hepatitis",
"g",
"virus",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"viruses",
"next-generation",
"sequencing",
"rna",
"v... | 2018 | Xenosurveillance reflects traditional sampling techniques for the identification of human pathogens: A comparative study in West Africa |
The maintenance of genetic variance in fitness represents one of the most longstanding enigmas in evolutionary biology . Sexually antagonistic ( SA ) selection may contribute substantially to maintaining genetic variance in fitness by maintaining alternative alleles with opposite fitness effects in the two sexes . This... | Evolution requires genetic variation , but selection will tend to fix whichever alleles confer the highest fitness , depleting the genetic variation upon which it acts . Sexually antagonistic ( SA ) genetic variation—in which alternative alleles have opposite fitness effects in the sexes—can generate balancing selectio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genetic",
"dominance",
"population",
"genetics",
"alleles",
"epistasis",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"population",
"biology",
"inbred",
"strains",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"fitness",
"epistasis",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"animal",
"studies",... | 2018 | Sex-specific dominance reversal of genetic variation for fitness |
Canine rabies can be effectively controlled by vaccination with readily available , high-quality vaccines . These vaccines should provide protection from challenge in healthy dogs , for the claimed period , for duration of immunity , which is often two or three years . It has been suggested that , in free-roaming dog p... | Canine-mediated rabies is a horrific disease that claims tens of thousands of human lives every year , particularly in Asia and Africa . The disease can be effectively controlled through mass vaccination of dogs with high-quality vaccines; however , questions remain over the effectiveness of vaccination where the healt... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2014 | Achieving Population-Level Immunity to Rabies in Free-Roaming Dogs in Africa and Asia |
Dengue virus ( DENV ) is the most common mosquito-transmitted virus infecting ~390 million people worldwide . In spite of this high medical relevance , neither a vaccine nor antiviral therapy is currently available . DENV elicits a strong interferon ( IFN ) response in infected cells , but at the same time actively cou... | Dengue virus ( DENV ) infection is a global health problem for which no selective therapy or vaccine exists . The magnitude of infection critically depends on the induction kinetics of the interferon ( IFN ) response and the kinetics of viral countermeasures . Here we established a novel live cell imaging system to dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Live Cell Analysis and Mathematical Modeling Identify Determinants of Attenuation of Dengue Virus 2’-O-Methylation Mutant |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.