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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Bacterial translocation from the gut and subsequent immune activation are hallmarks of HIV infection and are thought to determine disease progression . Intestinal barrier integrity is impaired early in acute retroviral infection , but levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) , a marker of bacterial translocation , i... | HIV infection leads to continuous destruction of the body's immune defenses . Furthermore , disease progression is linked to heightened levels of immune activation . However , the underlying activating factors and their relationships to HIV pathogenesis are controversial . In patients with chronic HIV infection , bacte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"immunology/leukocyte",
"activation"
] | 2010 | Inadequate Clearance of Translocated Bacterial Products in HIV-Infected Humanized Mice |
Cognitive defects in autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) include socialization and communication: key behavioral capacities that separate humans from other species . Here , we analyze gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of 63 autism patients and control individuals , as well as 62 chimpanzees and macaques , from nata... | Autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) involves disruptions in cognitive functions related to socialization and communication , which are also among the key behavioral capacities that separate humans from other species . This suggests that ASD may involve alterations in evolutionarily novel , human-specific developmental pro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"autism",
"developmental",
"psychology",
"neuroscience",
"mammals",
"animals",
"primates",
"mathematics",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"autism",
"spectrum",
"disorder",
"neur... | 2016 | Disruption of an Evolutionarily Novel Synaptic Expression Pattern in Autism |
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes ( CTL ) can be effective at controlling HIV-1 in humans and SIV in macaques , but their utility is partly offset by mutational escape . The kinetics of CTL escape and reversion of escape mutant viruses upon transmission to MHC-mismatched hosts can help us understand CTL-mediated viral contr... | Immune escape from AIDS virus–specific cellular immunity is common . The driving forces behind how quickly cellular immunity forces escape are poorly understood . We developed a novel assay for a common immune escape variant of SIV in macaques . This allowed us to sensitively track the rates of immune escape even when ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Vaccination and Timing Influence SIV Immune Escape Viral Dynamics In Vivo |
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease ( NTD ) caused by the eukaryotic parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . The current clinical and preclinical pipeline for T . cruzi is extremely sparse and lacks drug target diversity . In the present study we developed a computational approach that utilized data from several public... | Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease ( NTD ) caused by the eukaryotic parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . The disease is endemic to Latin America but is increasingly found in North America and Europe , primarily through immigration , and the spread of this disease is bringing new attention to the need for novel , sa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Machine Learning Models and Pathway Genome Data Base for Trypanosoma cruzi Drug Discovery |
Through the local selection of landraces , humans have guided the adaptation of crops to a vast range of climatic and ecological conditions . This is particularly true of maize , which was domesticated in a restricted area of Mexico but now displays one of the broadest cultivated ranges worldwide . Here , we sequenced ... | The spread of a species outside its native range depends on its ability to face new environmental challenges . Despite a loss of diversity associated with recurrent introductions , domesticated species offer excellent examples of rapid expansion and adaptation to new climatic and ecological conditions . This is exempli... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"heterozygosity",
"italian",
"people",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"ethnicities",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"plant",
"genomics",
"plants",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
... | 2017 | Independent introductions and admixtures have contributed to adaptation of European maize and its American counterparts |
The lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia timori occurs only in eastern Indonesia where it causes high morbidity . The absence of an animal reservoir , the inefficient transmission by Anopheles mosquitoes and the high sensitivity to DEC/albendazole treatment make this species a prime candidate for elimination by mass drug... | The impact of six annual rounds of mass drug administration ( MDA ) using DEC combined with albendazole on brugian filariasis and soil-transmitted helminths ( STH ) was evaluated . Microfilaria rates of B . timori dropped quickly after MDA and were below 1% for 34 months after stopping intervention when the study ended... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Impact of Six Rounds of Mass Drug Administration on Brugian Filariasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in Eastern Indonesia |
Fecal excretion of antibiotics and resistant bacteria in the environment are major public health threats associated with extensive farming and modern medical care . Innovative strategies that can reduce the intestinal antibiotic concentrations during treatments are in development . However , the effect of lower exposur... | Fecal excretion of antibiotics and resistant bacteria in the environment are major public health threats associated with extensive farming . Innovative strategies that reduce the intestinal antibiotic concentrations during treatment are in development and could help prevent the dissemination of resistance . In order to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"population",
"modeling",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"physical",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling",
"biostatistics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Mathematical Modeling of Bacterial Kinetics to Predict the Impact of Antibiotic Colonic Exposure and Treatment Duration on the Amount of Resistant Enterobacteria Excreted |
Predicting which mutations proteins tolerate while maintaining their structure and function has important applications for modeling fundamental properties of proteins and their evolution; it also drives progress in protein design . Here we develop a computational model to predict the tolerated sequence space of HIV-1 p... | Many related protein sequences can be consistent with the structure and function of a given protein , suggesting that proteins may be quite robust to mutations . This tolerance to mutations is frequently exploited by pathogens . In particular , pathogens can rapidly evolve mutated proteins that have a new function - re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequence",
"analysis",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"evolutionary",
"modeling",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis"
] | 2012 | Prediction of Mutational Tolerance in HIV-1 Protease and Reverse Transcriptase Using Flexible Backbone Protein Design |
Network analysis transcends conventional pairwise approaches to data analysis as the context of components in a network graph can be taken into account . Such approaches are increasingly being applied to genomics data , where functional linkages are used to connect genes or proteins . However , while microarray gene ex... | This paper describes a novel approach for analysis of gene expression data . In this approach , normalized gene expression data is transformed into a graph where nodes in the graph represent transcripts connected to each other by virtue of their coexpression across multiple tissues or samples . The graph paradigm has m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"mammals",
"computational",
"biology",
"eukaryotes",
"vertebrates",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"molecular",
"biology",
"animals"
] | 2007 | Construction, Visualisation, and Clustering of Transcription Networks from Microarray Expression Data |
Chagas disease is a vector-borne disease endemic in Latin America . Triatoma infestans , a common vector of this disease , has recently expanded its range into rapidly developing cities of Latin America . We aim to identify the environmental features that affect the colonization and dispersal of T . infestans in an urb... | The colonization and dispersal of disease vectors in new and expanding urban areas pose important health risks . The population and demographic dynamics of these vectors are often unclear , and their temporal and spatial associations with urbanization are unknown . Here , we use molecular markers to describe the geneti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Population Structure of the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans in an Urban Environment |
The role of rare genetic variation in the etiology of complex disease remains unclear . However , the development of next-generation sequencing technologies offers the experimental opportunity to address this question . Several novel statistical methodologies have been recently proposed to assess the contribution of ra... | There is now evidence that rare variants can contribute to the etiology of complex disease . Next generation sequencing technologies have enabled their detection in large cohorts , and new statistical methods have been proposed to ascertain their association with complex diseases and traits in order to improve power ov... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | The Empirical Power of Rare Variant Association Methods: Results from Sanger Sequencing in 1,998 Individuals |
Foreign-born , HIV-infected persons are at risk for sub-clinical parasitic infections acquired in their countries of origin . The long-term consequences of co-infections can be severe , yet few data exist on parasitic infection prevalence in this population . This cross-sectional study evaluated 128 foreign-born person... | Undiagnosed and untreated parasitic infections can have severe consequences for human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) -infected persons . An estimated 2 billion people worldwide are infected with soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis , yet there are few data on the prevalence in HIV-infected immigrants to more ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infectio... | 2011 | High Prevalence of Persistent Parasitic Infections in Foreign-Born, HIV-Infected Persons in the United States |
T-cell immune responses modulated by T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 ( Tim-3 ) during Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infection in humans remain poorly understood . Here , we found that active TB patients exhibited increases in numbers of Tim-3-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells , which pr... | Tuberculosis ( TB ) , an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infection , remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide . While CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell effector functions producing Th1 or cytotoxic cytokines are required to mount anti-mycobacterial immunity , insufficiency or fail... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"immunity",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"immunoregulation",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2012 | Tim-3-Expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Human Tuberculosis (TB) Exhibit Polarized Effector Memory Phenotypes and Stronger Anti-TB Effector Functions |
Following almost 10 years of no reported cases , Guinea worm disease ( GWD or dracunculiasis ) reemerged in Chad in 2010 with peculiar epidemiological patterns and unprecedented prevalence of infection among non-human hosts , particularly domestic dogs . Since 2014 , animal infections with Guinea worms have also been o... | Since the mid-1980’s , when Guinea worm ( Dracunculus medinensis ) was formally targeted for eradication , the associated national and international efforts to control and eliminate the parasite have been remarkably successful . As of 2017 , 16 of the 21 countries with endemic transmission have been certified free of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"helminths",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"dracunculus",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"mammals",
"dogs",
"mitochondria",
"bioenergetics",
"dracunc... | 2018 | Population genetic analysis of Chadian Guinea worms reveals that human and non-human hosts share common parasite populations |
CHD7 is one of nine members of the chromodomain helicase DNA–binding domain family of ATP–dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes found in mammalian cells . De novo mutation of CHD7 is a major cause of CHARGE syndrome , a genetic condition characterized by multiple congenital anomalies . To gain insights to the function... | The gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA–binding protein 7 ( CHD7 ) is required for normal mammalian development . In humans , genetic mutations in CHD7 lead to CHARGE syndrome , a disorder characterized by multiple birth defects . In previous studies , CHD7 was shown to localize to the cell nucleus and bind to spec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2010 | CHD7 Targets Active Gene Enhancer Elements to Modulate ES Cell-Specific Gene Expression |
Unlike the majority of Salmonella enterica serovars , Salmonella Typhi ( S . Typhi ) , the etiological agent of human typhoid , is monophasic . S . Typhi normally harbours only the phase 1 flagellin gene ( fliC ) , which encodes the H:d antigen . However , some S . Typhi strains found in Indonesia express an additional... | Flagella are whip-like structures found on the surface of bacterial cells that mediate swimming . Flagella contain a protein called flagellin , which is recognised as a danger signal by the immune system . Salmonella Typhi , the bacteria that causes typhoid fever , normally have flagella called H:d , but some strains o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | A Novel Linear Plasmid Mediates Flagellar Variation in Salmonella Typhi |
The high-risk human papillomavirus ( HPV ) E6 proteins are consistently expressed in HPV-associated lesions and cancers . HPV16 E6 sustains the activity of the mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling cascades under conditions of growth factor deprivation . Here we report that HPV16 E6 activated mTORC1 by enhanced signaling through... | High-risk human papillomavirus infections are associated with nearly all cases of cervical cancer . HPVs infect basal epithelial cells but virion production is restricted to the outer , terminally differentiated layers of the infected epithelia where supply of nutrients and growth factors may be limited . High-risk HPV... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"women's",
"health",
"proteins",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | The HPV16 E6 Oncoprotein Causes Prolonged Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase Signaling and Enhances Internalization of Phosphorylated Receptor Species |
Herpesviruses persist indefinitely in their host through complex and poorly defined interactions that mediate latent , chronic or productive states of infection . Human cytomegalovirus ( CMV or HCMV ) , a ubiquitous β-herpesvirus , coordinates the expression of two viral genes , UL135 and UL138 , which have opposing ro... | Cytomegalovirus , a herpesvirus , persists in its host through complex interactions that mediate latent , chronic or productive states of infection . Defining the mechanistic basis viral persistence is important for defining the costs and possible benefits of viral persistence and to mitigate pathologies associated wit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"egfr",
"signaling",
"fibroblasts",
"viruses",
"immunoprecipitation",
"dna",
"viruses",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cells",
"cel... | 2016 | Opposing Regulation of the EGF Receptor: A Molecular Switch Controlling Cytomegalovirus Latency and Replication |
A new commercial anti-Japanese encephalitis virus IgM and IgG indirect immunofluorescence test ( IIFT ) was evaluated for the detection of the humoral immune response after Japanese encephalitis vaccination . The IgM IIFT was compared to two IgM capture ELISAs and the IgG IIFT was analysed in comparison to a plaque red... | Japanese encephalitis , caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus , is the most prominent viral encephalitis in Asia . Three billion people live in endemic areas and at least 50 , 000 clinical cases occur each year , although reliable vaccines are available . Concerning the burden caused by this disease , more should b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"evidence-based",
"healthcare/clinical",
"decision-making",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"virology/vaccines",
"virology/diagnosis",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"evidence-based",
"healthcare/meth... | 2010 | Evaluation of Serological Diagnostic Test Systems Assessing the Immune Response to Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination |
The scale and geographical distribution of the current outbreak in West Africa raised doubts as to the effectiveness of established methods of control . Ebola Virus Disease ( EVD ) was first detected in Sierra Leone in May 2014 in Kailahun district . Despite high case numbers elsewhere in the country , transmission was... | Ebola Virus Disease ( EVD ) is a severe illness that is usually spread from person to person through caring for someone who is sick , or if they die , contact with their body during their funeral . The recent EVD outbreak in West Africa caused illness and death in many thousands in Guinea , Sierra Leone and Liberia . I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"health",
"promotion",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"population",
"dynamics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"ebola",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"health",
"care",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"health",
"services",
"administration",
"an... | 2016 | Successful Control of Ebola Virus Disease: Analysis of Service Based Data from Rural Sierra Leone |
Paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ( TB-IRIS ) is an aberrant inflammatory response occurring in a subset of TB-HIV co-infected patients initiating anti-retroviral therapy ( ART ) . Here , we examined monocyte activation by prospectively quantitating pro-inflammatory plasma ... | Tuberculosis and HIV majorly impact host immune responses , resulting in immune deregulation and inflammation-driven tissue damage . Initiation of anti-retroviral therapy in patients with HIV-TB co-infection may result in immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ( TB-IRIS ) , a disorder associated with increased imm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology"
] | 2014 | Mycobacterial Antigen Driven Activation of CD14++CD16− Monocytes Is a Predictor of Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome |
Latent TGFβ binding proteins ( LTBPs ) regulate the extracellular availability of latent TGFβ . LTBP4 was identified as a genetic modifier of muscular dystrophy in mice and humans . An in-frame insertion polymorphism in the murine Ltbp4 gene associates with partial protection against muscular dystrophy . In humans , no... | Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease with muscle weakness , replacement of muscle tissue with fibrosis , and premature death . The gene for latent TGFβ binding protein 4 ( LTBP4 ) was previously found to modify muscular dystrophy in both mice and humans with variants that confer protection from disease . In order to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"skeletal",
"muscles",
"fibrosis",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"muscle",
"proteins",
"model",
"organisms",
"immunoprecipitation",
"co-immunoprecipitation",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
... | 2016 | Overexpression of Latent TGFβ Binding Protein 4 in Muscle Ameliorates Muscular Dystrophy through Myostatin and TGFβ |
Infectious endocytosis of incoming human papillomavirus type 16 ( HPV-16 ) , the main etiological agent of cervical cancer , is poorly characterized in terms of cellular requirements and pathways . Conflicting reports attribute HPV-16 entry to clathrin-dependent and -independent mechanisms . To comprehensively describe... | Human papillomavirus type 16 is the main etiological agent of cervical cancer . Despite advances in our understanding of transformation and cancer progression , as well as preventative vaccination strategies , the early events in papillomavirus infections are incompletely understood . Here , we investigated which strat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"signal",
"transduction",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"virology",
"membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"cellular",
"types",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Entry of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 by Actin-Dependent, Clathrin- and Lipid Raft-Independent Endocytosis |
Meiotic recombination events are not randomly distributed in the genome but occur in specific regions called recombination hotspots . Hotspots are predicted to be preferred sites for the initiation of meiotic recombination and their positions and activities are regulated by yet-unknown controls . The activity of the Ps... | In many organisms , an essential feature of meiosis is genetic recombination , which creates diversity in the gametes by mixing the genetic information from each parent into new combinations . Reciprocal recombination , or crossovers , also play a mechanical role during meiosis and are required for the proper segregati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2009 | Genome-Wide Control of the Distribution of Meiotic Recombination |
The population dynamics theory of B cells in a typical germinal center could play an important role in revealing how affinity maturation is achieved . However , the existing models encountered some conflicts with experiments . To resolve these conflicts , we present a coarse-grained model to calculate the B cell popula... | The antibodies in our immune system could efficiently improve their abilities in recognizing new antigens . This is done with the help of proliferation , mutation and selection of B cells which carry antibodies , but we have difficulties in developing a quantitative description of this adaptation process which is consi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"immunology/immune",
"response"
] | 2010 | Optimality of Mutation and Selection in Germinal Centers |
Stimulator of interferon genes ( STING ) is critical for cytosolic DNA-triggered innate immunity . STING is modified by several types of polyubiquitin chains . Here , we report that the deubiquitinase CYLD sustains STING signaling by stabilizing the STING protein . CYLD deficiency promoted the K48-linked polyubiquitina... | STING is critical for mediating the production of type I interferons and other proinflammatory cytokines . The appropriate activation of STING signaling is precisely modulated to maintain immune homeostasis . It is well established that covalent modification of STING by different types of polyubiquitin chains serves to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"herpes",
"simplex",
"virus",
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"immunoblotting",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"imm... | 2018 | The deubiquitinase CYLD is a specific checkpoint of the STING antiviral signaling pathway |
Schistosomiasis in one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases , affecting millions of people and animals in developing countries . Amongst the human-infective species S . haematobium is one of the most widespread causing urogenital schistosomiasis , a major human health problem across Africa , however in terms of res... | Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma . Species that infect humans are prevalent in developing countries , having a major impact on public health and well-being as well as an impediment to socioeconomic development . More people are infected with Schistosoma haematobium ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"haplotypes",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"zoology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"parasitology"
] | 2012 | Genetic Diversity within Schistosoma haematobium: DNA Barcoding Reveals Two Distinct Groups |
The analysis of network evolution has been hampered by limited availability of protein interaction data for different organisms . In this study , we investigate evolutionary mechanisms in Src Homology 3 ( SH3 ) domain and kinase interaction networks using high-resolution specificity profiles . We constructed and examin... | Protein interaction networks control virtually all cellular processes . The rules governing their evolution have remained elusive , as comprehensive protein interaction data is available for only a small number of very distant species , making evolutionary network studies difficult . Here we attempt to overcome this li... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Network Evolution: Rewiring and Signatures of Conservation in Signaling |
In the last decade , bacterial symbionts have been shown to play an important role in protecting hosts against pathogens . Wolbachia , a widespread symbiont in arthropods , can protect Drosophila and mosquito species against viral infections . We have investigated antiviral protection in 19 Wolbachia strains originatin... | In recent years it has been discovered that many organisms are infected with bacterial symbionts that protect them against pathogens . Wolbachia is a bacterial symbiont that is found in many species of insects , and several strains are known to protect the insects against viral infection . We took 19 strains of Wolbach... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viruses",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"parasitology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"bacteria",
"animals",
"organism... | 2014 | Symbionts Commonly Provide Broad Spectrum Resistance to Viruses in Insects: A Comparative Analysis of Wolbachia Strains |
SM1 is a twelve-amino-acid peptide that binds tightly to the Anopheles salivary gland and inhibits its invasion by Plasmodium sporozoites . By use of UV-crosslinking experiments between the peptide and its salivary gland target protein , we have identified the Anopheles salivary protein , saglin , as the receptor for S... | Transmission of Plasmodium , the causative agent of malaria , requires the completion of a complex life cycle in the mosquito , which includes invasion of the salivary glands . This invasion depends on the recognition of mosquito salivary gland surface components by the parasite . This work demonstrates that interactio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Malaria Parasite Invasion of the Mosquito Salivary Gland Requires Interaction between the Plasmodium TRAP and the Anopheles Saglin Proteins |
Members of the IL-17 cytokine family play an important role in protection against pathogens through the induction of different effector mechanisms . We determined that IL-17A , IL-17E and IL-17F are produced during the acute phase of T . cruzi infection . Using IL-17RA knockout ( KO ) mice , we demonstrate that IL-17RA... | IL-17 family is comprised for six members ( IL-17A to F ) that have been reported to play protective effects in bacterial and fungal infections and contradictory roles in parasite infections . Using mice deficient in IL-17RA , the common receptor subunit for many IL-17 family members , we determined that these cytokine... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"chagas",
"disease",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | IL-17RA Signaling Reduces Inflammation and Mortality during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection by Recruiting Suppressive IL-10-Producing Neutrophils |
Synovial joints are crucial for support and locomotion in vertebrates , and are the frequent site of serious skeletal defects and degenerative diseases in humans . Growth and differentiation factor 5 ( Gdf5 ) is one of the earliest markers of joint formation , is required for normal joint development in both mice and h... | Joints , such as the hip and knee , are crucial for support and locomotion in animals , and are the frequent sites of serious human diseases such as arthritis . The Growth and differentiation factor 5 ( Gdf5 ) gene is required for normal joint formation , and has been linked to risk of common arthritis in Eurasians . H... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"knee",
"joints",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"biomechanics",
"developmental",
"biology",
"embryos",
"elbow",
"ankle",
"joints",
"embryology",
"musculoskeletal",
"system",
"gene",
"expression",
"joints",
"(anatomy)",
"arms",
"anatomy",... | 2016 | Heads, Shoulders, Elbows, Knees, and Toes: Modular Gdf5 Enhancers Control Different Joints in the Vertebrate Skeleton |
Toxoplasma gondii is a human pathogen prevalent worldwide that poses a challenging and unmet need for novel treatment of toxoplasmosis . Using a semi-automated reconstruction algorithm , we reconstructed a genome-scale metabolic model , ToxoNet1 . The reconstruction process and flux-balance analysis of the model offer ... | Understanding the metabolism of disease-causing microorganisms can guide drug design through the identification of metabolic enzymes whose activity is indispensable for important cellular functions . Such understanding can come from the reconstruction and computational analysis of metabolic networks . In this study we ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Metabolic Needs and Capabilities of Toxoplasma gondii through Combined Computational and Experimental Analysis |
Recent work has explored a putative role for the E6 protein from some β-human papillomavirus genus ( β-HPVs ) in the development of non-melanoma skin cancers , specifically β-HPV 5 and 8 E6 . Because these viruses are not required for tumor maintenance , they are hypothesized to act as co-factors that enhance the mutag... | Human Papillomaviruses are a family of viruses with over 100 different members that infect mucous membranes and skin . Infections with some of these viruses are linked to cancers of the cervix and oropharynx . In this work , we explore the question of whether other members of this virus family may also contribute to sk... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | β-HPV 5 and 8 E6 Disrupt Homology Dependent Double Strand Break Repair by Attenuating BRCA1 and BRCA2 Expression and Foci Formation |
The purinergic P2X7 receptor ( P2X7R ) is a sensor of extracellular ATP , a damage-associated molecule that is released from necrotic cells and that induces pro-inflammatory cytokine production and cell death . To investigate whether the innate immune response to damage signals could contribute to the development of pu... | Nearly 9 million new cases of tuberculosis and 1 . 3 million deaths are reported yearly worldwide . Most individuals infected with tubercle bacilli remain asymptomatic; however , some develop active tuberculosis due to the reactivation of latent infections . Progressive primary tuberculosis is an alternative form of th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunopathology",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2014 | Pulmonary Infection with Hypervirulent Mycobacteria Reveals a Crucial Role for the P2X7 Receptor in Aggressive Forms of Tuberculosis |
During its development , the parasite Schistosoma mansoni is exposed to different environments and undergoes many morphological and physiological transformations as a result of profound changes in gene expression . Characterization of proteins involved in the regulation of these processes is of importance for the under... | Schistosomes are parasites that exhibit a complex life cycle during which they progress through many morphological and physiological transformations . These transformations are likely accompanied by alterations in gene expression , making genetic regulation important for parasite development . Here we describe a Schist... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/transcription",
"initiation",
"and",
"activation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression"
] | 2009 | Molecular Characterization of the Schistosoma mansoni Zinc Finger Protein SmZF1 as a Transcription Factor |
Population genetic studies have found evidence for dramatic population growth in recent human history . It is unclear how this recent population growth , combined with the effects of negative natural selection , has affected patterns of deleterious variation , as well as the number , frequency , and effect sizes of mut... | Many human populations have dramatically expanded over the last several thousand years . I use population genetic models to investigate how recent population expansions affect patterns of mutations that reduce reproductive fitness and contribute to the genetic basis of complex traits ( including common disease ) . I sh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"neutral",
"theory",
"population",
"genetics",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"mutation",
"effective",
"population",
"size",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"ecological",
"metrics",
... | 2014 | The Impact of Population Demography and Selection on the Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits |
CD4+ T cells subsets have a wide range of important helper and regulatory functions in the immune system . Several studies have specifically suggested that circulating effector CD4+ T cells may play a direct role in control of HIV replication through cytolytic activity or autocrine β-chemokine production . However , it... | CD4+ T cells have classically been divided into different subsets based on their different abilities to help and regulate specific parts of the immune system . Recent work in the HIV field has demonstrated that HIV-specific CD4+ T cells with unique effector functions , such as cytolytic activity and β-chemokine product... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"physiology",
"hiv",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"nervous",
"system",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cloning",
"electro... | 2018 | Limited immune surveillance in lymphoid tissue by cytolytic CD4+ T cells during health and HIV disease |
Mutations in optic atrophy 1 ( OPA1 ) , a nuclear gene encoding a mitochondrial protein , is the most common cause for autosomal dominant optic atrophy ( DOA ) . The condition is characterized by gradual loss of vision , color vision defects , and temporal optic pallor . To understand the molecular mechanism by which O... | Optic atrophies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a gradual loss of vision , color vision defects , and temporal optic pallor . Autosomal dominant optic atrophy ( DOA ) , a type of optic atrophy , contributes to a large portion of optic atrophy cases . Mutations of the optic atrophy 1 ( OPA1 )... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"ophthalmology",
"drosophila",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | The Molecular Mechanisms of OPA1-Mediated Optic Atrophy in Drosophila Model and Prospects for Antioxidant Treatment |
The fitness of spatially expanding species has been shown to decrease over time and space , but specialist species tracking their changing environment and shifting their range accordingly have been little studied . We use individual-based simulations and analytical modeling to compare the impact of range expansions and... | As environments change through time across the globe , species must adapt or relocate to survive . Specialized species must track the specific moving environments to which they are adapted , as compared to generalists which can spread widely . During colonization of new habitat , individuals can accumulate deleterious ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"deletion",
"mutation",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"mutation",
"effective",
"population",
"size",
"population",
"biology",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"conservation",
"biology",
... | 2018 | Mutation load dynamics during environmentally-driven range shifts |
Cholera is typically considered endemic in West Africa , especially in the Republic of Guinea . However , a three-year lull period was observed from 2009 to 2011 , before a new epidemic struck the country in 2012 , which was officially responsible for 7 , 350 suspected cases and 133 deaths . To determine whether choler... | Cholera is a potentially deadly diarrheic disease caused by the toxin-secreting bacterium Vibrio cholerae . In many poor countries , this prototypical waterborne disease is considered endemic and linked to the climate-driven proliferation of environmental reservoirs of the pathogen . Although such a statement implies r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"population",
"genetics",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"phylogenetics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"genetic",
"epidemiolog... | 2014 | Deciphering the Origin of the 2012 Cholera Epidemic in Guinea by Integrating Epidemiological and Molecular Analyses |
In Peru , the past three decades have witnessed impressive growth in biomedical research catalyzed from a single research university and its investigators who secured international partnerships and funding . We conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications by Peruvian authors to understand the roots of this growth ... | One measure of a country’s productivity in biomedical research is through an analysis of the publications in the peer reviewed literature . We have searched the Web of Science database of English language biomedical publications with a Peruvian author to examine the growth in the number of publications over the period ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Results"
] | [
"people",
"and",
"places",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"research",
"funding",
"south",
"america",
"science",
"policy",
"network",
"analysis",
"bibliometrics",
"research",
"grants",
"g... | 2019 | The catalytic role of a research university and international partnerships in building research capacity in Peru: A bibliometric analysis |
The breast cancer suppressor BRCA2 controls the recombinase RAD51 in the reactions that mediate homologous DNA recombination , an essential cellular process required for the error-free repair of DNA double-stranded breaks . The primary mode of interaction between BRCA2 and RAD51 is through the BRC repeats , which are ∼... | The atomic scale interactions that occur at the interfaces between proteins are fundamental to all biological processes . One such critical interface is formed between the proteins , human BRCA2 and RAD51 . BRCA2 binds to and delivers RAD51 to sites of DNA damage , where RAD51 mediates the error-free repair of double-s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"protein",
"interactions",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"density",
"functional",
"theory",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"quantum",
"mechanics",
"proteins",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"physics",
"biochemistry",
"interdisciplinary... | 2011 | Interrogation of the Protein-Protein Interactions between Human BRCA2 BRC Repeats and RAD51 Reveals Atomistic Determinants of Affinity |
Mass campaigns with antimalarial drugs are potentially a powerful tool for local elimination of malaria , yet current diagnostic technologies are insufficiently sensitive to identify all individuals who harbor infections . At the same time , overtreatment of uninfected individuals increases the risk of accelerating eme... | Millions of people worldwide live at risk for malaria , a parasitic infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes . Great progress has been made in reducing malaria burden in recent years , and many regions are now devising strategies for elimination . One way to eliminate malaria is to deplete the reservoir of parasite... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | Optimal Population-Level Infection Detection Strategies for Malaria Control and Elimination in a Spatial Model of Malaria Transmission |
The clinical utility of family history and genetic tests is generally well understood for simple Mendelian disorders and rare subforms of complex diseases that are directly attributable to highly penetrant genetic variants . However , little is presently known regarding the performance of these methods in situations wh... | In clinical practice , obtaining a detailed family history is often considered the standard-of-care for characterizing the inherited component of an individual's disease risk . Recently , genetic risk assessments based on the cumulative effect of known single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) disease associations have be... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"statistics",
"random",
"variables",
"mathematics",
"population",
"modeling",
"population",
"biology",
"genetic",
"testing",
"personalized",
"medicine",
"biology",
"probability",
"theory",
"genetics",
"human",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"statistical",
"metho... | 2012 | Comparison of Family History and SNPs for Predicting Risk of Complex Disease |
Suppressor of cytokine signaling ( SOCS ) proteins are key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity . There is no described biological role for SOCS4 , despite broad expression in the hematopoietic system . We demonstrate that mice lacking functional SOCS4 protein rapidly succumb to infection with a pathogenic H1N1 i... | The suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins are key regulators of immunity . As yet there is no described biological role for SOCS4 , despite its broad expression in cells of the immune system . Given the important role of other SOCS proteins in controlling the immune response , we have generated SOCS4-mutant mice an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"inflammation",
"immunity",
"virology",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2014 | Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 4 (SOCS4) Protects against Severe Cytokine Storm and Enhances Viral Clearance during Influenza Infection |
Although melioidosis , is an important disease in many Southeast Asian countries and Australia , there is limited data on its prevalence and disease burden in India . However , an increase in case reports of melioidosis in recent years indicates its endemicity in India . A population-based cross-sectional seroprevalenc... | Melioidosis is an underdiagnosed and underreported disease in India with protean clinical manifestation and high fatality . Causative agent B . pseudomallei , after environmental exposure , may cause disease or survive unnoticed for a long time in human and animal hosts . Individuals with diabetes and renal disease dev... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"rivers",
"melioidosis",
"geographical",
"locations",
"india",
"australia",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"cereal",
"crops",
"farms",
"endocrine",
"disorders",
"ri... | 2016 | Seroprevalence of Burkholderia pseudomallei among Adults in Coastal Areas in Southwestern India |
The basal transcription apparatus of archaea is well characterized . However , much less is known about the mechanisms of transcription termination and translation initation . Recently , experimental determination of the 5′-ends of ten transcripts from Pyrobaculum aerophilum revealed that these are devoid of a 5′-UTR .... | Expression of the information encoded in the genome of an organism into its phenotype involves transcription of the DNA into messenger RNAs and translation of mRNAs into proteins . The textbook view is that an mRNA consists of an untranslated region ( 5′-UTR ) , an open reading frame encoding the protein , and another ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"haloferax",
"volcanii",
"archaea",
"halobacterium",
"salinarum",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Experimental Characterization of Cis-Acting Elements Important for Translation and Transcription in Halophilic Archaea |
With the increasing focus of genetic association on the identification of trait-associated rare variants through sequencing , it is important to identify the most cost-effective sequencing strategies for these studies . Deep sequencing will accurately detect and genotype the most rare variants per individual , but may ... | Genetic studies of rare variants can help us understand the biology of human disease . With modern techniques and sufficient effort , it is possible to very accurately resolve any human genome , identifying most of its unique features . When funding is limited , applying these techniques to study human disease often in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"gene",
"sequencing",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"an... | 2017 | Optimal sequencing strategies for identifying disease-associated singletons |
Artificial neural networks ( ANN ) are computing architectures with many interconnections of simple neural-inspired computing elements , and have been applied to biomedical fields such as imaging analysis and diagnosis . We have developed a new ANN framework called Cox-nnet to predict patient prognosis from high throug... | The increasing application of high-througput transcriptomics data to predict patient prognosis demands modern computational methods . With the re-gaining popularity of artificial neural networks , we asked if a refined neural network model could be used to predict patient survival , as an alternative to the conventiona... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"squamous",
"cell",
"lung",
"carcinoma",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"neural",
"networks",
"nephrology",
"carcinomas",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"renal",
"cancer",
"neuroscience",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"artificial... | 2018 | Cox-nnet: An artificial neural network method for prognosis prediction of high-throughput omics data |
Despite the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) in the management of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) -1 infection , virological failure due to drug resistance development remains a major challenge . Resistant mutants display reduced drug susceptibilities , but in the absence of drug , they ge... | Mutations conferring drug resistance represent major threats to the therapeutic success of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) against human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) -1 infection . Viral mutants differ in their fitness and assessing viral fitness is a challenging task . In this article , we estimate dr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"systems",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Estimating HIV-1 Fitness Characteristics from Cross-Sectional Genotype Data |
MicroRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs which negatively regulate the expression of protein-coding genes in plants and animals . They are known to play an important role in several biological processes and , together with transcription factors , form a complex and highly interconnected regulatory network . Looking at ... | The expression of protein-coding genes is controlled by a complex network of regulatory interactions . It is becoming increasingly appreciated that the post-transcriptional repression by microRNAs , a class of small non-coding RNAs , is a key layer of regulation in several biological processes . Since gene expression i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"physics/interdisciplinary",
"physics",
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"networks"
] | 2011 | The Role of Incoherent MicroRNA-Mediated Feedforward Loops in Noise Buffering |
Metagenomics yields enormous numbers of microbial sequences that can be assigned a metabolic function . Using such data to infer community-level metabolic divergence is hindered by the lack of a suitable statistical framework . Here , we describe a novel hierarchical Bayesian model , called BiomeNet ( Bayesian inferenc... | Metagenomic studies of microbial communities yield enormous numbers of gene sequences that have a known enzymatic function , and thus have potential to contribute to community-level metabolic activities . Ecologically divergent microbial communities are presumed to differ in metabolic repertoire and function , but dete... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbiome",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"microbiology",
"metagenomics",
"mathematics",
"metabolites",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"network",
"analysis",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"inflammatory",
"bowel",
"disease",
"... | 2014 | BiomeNet: A Bayesian Model for Inference of Metabolic Divergence among Microbial Communities |
The infectious and diagnostic stage of Giardia lamblia ( also known as G . intestinalis or G . duodenalis ) is the cyst . The Giardia cyst wall contains fibrils of a unique β-1 , 3-linked N-acetylgalactosamine ( GalNAc ) homopolymer and at least three cyst wall proteins ( CWPs ) composed of Leu-rich repeats ( CWPLRR ) ... | While the walls of plants and fungi contain numerous sugar homopolymers ( cellulose , chitin , and β-1 , 3-glucans ) and dozens of proteins , the cyst wall of Giardia is relatively simple . The Giardia wall contains a unique homopolymer of β-1 , 3-linked N-acetylgalactosamine ( GalNAc ) and at least three cyst wall pro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"cell",
"biology/extra-cellular",
"matrix",
"biochemistry/biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2010 | Giardia Cyst Wall Protein 1 Is a Lectin That Binds to Curled Fibrils of the GalNAc Homopolymer |
Herpesviruses are large , ubiquitous DNA viruses with complex host interactions , yet many of the proteins encoded by these viruses have not been functionally characterized . As a first step in functional characterization , we determined the subcellular localization of 234 epitope-tagged proteins from herpes simplex vi... | Herpes simplex virus , Epstein–Barr virus , and cytomegalovirus are three types of human herpesviruses that infect most people for their entire life and , under some circumstances , cause significant diseases . Each virus encodes a large number of proteins that function to manipulate the host cell to the best advantage... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"virology/virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"virology/viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"virology/host",
"an... | 2008 | Genome-Wide Screen of Three Herpesviruses for Protein Subcellular Localization and Alteration of PML Nuclear Bodies |
A precise molecular identification of transmitted hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) genomes could illuminate key aspects of transmission biology , immunopathogenesis and natural history . We used single genome sequencing of 2 , 922 half or quarter genomes from plasma viral RNA to identify transmitted/founder ( T/F ) viruses in... | Hepatitis C virus infects as many as 170 million people worldwide . Globally , there are seven major genotypes of HCV that differ by approximately 30% in nucleotide sequence . Importantly , the natural history of HCV infection is variable , ranging from spontaneous resolution to persistent viremia and chronic disease .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"hepatitis",
"c",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"hepatitis",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Elucidation of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission and Early Diversification by Single Genome Sequencing |
There are health risks associated with wastewater and fecal sludge management and use , but little is known about the magnitude , particularly in rapidly growing urban settings of low- and middle-income countries . We assessed the point-prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in people with differ... | Urban wastewater and fecal sludge use is of growing importance all over the world . However , unsafe management and inappropriate use might exacerbate the transmission of infectious diseases , including those caused by intestinal protozoa ( e . g . , amebiasis and giardiasis ) and parasitic worms ( e . g . , soil-trans... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"geomorphology",
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"landforms",
"helminths",
"topography",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"farms",
"aquatic",
"environments",... | 2016 | Risk of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in People with Different Exposures to Wastewater and Fecal Sludge in Kampala, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study |
The gut microbiota is a complex consortium of microorganisms with the ability to influence important aspects of host health and development . Harnessing this “microbial organ” for biomedical applications requires clarifying the degree to which host and bacterial factors act alone or in combination to govern the stabili... | Hundreds of microbial species thrive within the gut of humans and other animals , where they can influence the health of their host in profound ways . The factors that shape the composition of the resident gut microbiota are not well understood , but identifying them represents an important step toward developing treat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbiome",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"vibrio",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"model",
"organisms",
"aeromonas",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatol... | 2016 | Host Gut Motility Promotes Competitive Exclusion within a Model Intestinal Microbiota |
In the Sudan , Schistosoma mansoni infections are a major cause of morbidity in school-aged children and infection rates are associated with available clean water sources . During infection , immune responses pass through a Th1 followed by Th2 and Treg phases and patterns can relate to different stages of infection or ... | Schistosome infections are a major public health problem and currently 230 million people are infected with these blood-dwelling parasitic helminths . Schistosomiasis remains the most prevalent parasitic disease in the Sudan and control of the infection relies on large-scale administration of praziquantel . Although tr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"helminths",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"regression",
"anal... | 2016 | Multivariable Regression Analysis in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Individuals in the Sudan Reveals Unique Immunoepidemiological Profiles in Uninfected, egg+ and Non-egg+ Infected Individuals |
We present a simple model for coherent , spatially correlated chaos in a recurrent neural network . Networks of randomly connected neurons exhibit chaotic fluctuations and have been studied as a model for capturing the temporal variability of cortical activity . The dynamics generated by such networks , however , are s... | Neural activity observed in the neocortex is temporally variable , displaying irregular temporal fluctuations at every accessible level of measurement . Furthermore , these temporal fluctuations are often found to be spatially correlated whether at the scale of local measurements such as membrane potentials and spikes ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"perturbation",
"theory",
"neural",
"networks",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"mathematics",
"algebra",
"quantum",
"mechanics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"comp... | 2018 | Coherent chaos in a recurrent neural network with structured connectivity |
Dilated cardiomyopathy , the most severe manifestation in chronic phase of Chagas disease , affects about 30% of patients and is characterized by myocardial dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis due to extracellular matrix ( ECM ) remodeling . ECM remodeling is regulated by proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metallopro... | Chagas disease , also known as American trypanosomiasis , is a neglected parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi . After the acute phase , a chronic debilitating disease is established and different clinical forms may develop . Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most severe alteration , affecting about 3... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cardiomyopathies",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"dise... | 2017 | Differential Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2, 9 and Cytokines by Neutrophils and Monocytes in the Clinical Forms of Chagas Disease |
Shifts in perceptual boundaries resulting from speech motor learning induced by perturbations of the auditory feedback were taken as evidence for the involvement of motor functions in auditory speech perception . Beyond this general statement , the precise mechanisms underlying this involvement are not yet fully unders... | Experimental evidence suggest that motor learning influences categories in speech perception . These observations are consistent with studies of arm motor control showing that motor learning alters the perception of the arm location in the space , and that these perceptual changes are associated with increased connecti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"somatosensory",
"system",
"linguistics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"auditory",
"pathway",
"probability",
"distribution",
"mathematics",
"geology",
"sensory",
"physiology",
"vowels",
"phonemes",
"speech",
"probability",
... | 2018 | What drives the perceptual change resulting from speech motor adaptation? Evaluation of hypotheses in a Bayesian modeling framework |
Primates sample their visual environment actively through saccades and microsaccades ( MSs ) . Saccadic eye movements not only modulate neural spike rates but might also affect temporal correlations ( synchrony ) among neurons . Neural synchrony plays a role in neural coding and modulates information transfer between c... | During visual exploration , we continuously move our eyes in a quick , coordinated manner several times a second to scan our environment . These movements are called saccades . Even while we fixate on a visual object , we unconsciously execute small saccades that are termed microsaccades ( MSs ) . Despite MSs being rel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"neural",
"networks",
"membrane",
"potential",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"mammals",
"primates",
"network",
"analysis",
"vision",
"sensory",... | 2018 | Microsaccade-rhythmic modulation of neural synchronization and coding within and across cortical areas V1 and V2 |
Representing and analyzing complex networks remains a roadblock to creating dynamic network models of biological processes and pathways . The study of cell fate transitions can reveal much about the transcriptional regulatory programs that underlie these phenotypic changes and give rise to the coordinated patterns in e... | Understanding how cells differentiate from one state to another is a fundamental problem in biology with implications for better understanding evolution , the development of complex organisms from a single fertilized egg , and the etiology of human disease . One way to view these processes is to examine cells as “compl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Decomposition of Gene Expression State Space Trajectories |
Resolution of a variety of acute bacterial and parasitic infections critically relies on the stimulation of myelopoiesis leading in cases to extramedullary hematopoiesis . Here , we report the isolation of the earliest myeloid-restricted progenitors in acute infection with the rodent malaria parasite , Plasmodium chaba... | Malaria in man and in most animal models is accompanied by splenomegaly . At the same time , the spleen is the main organ for the control resolution of the parasitemia . This process initially depends mostly on the innate immune system and requires increased production of myeloid cells . We investigated the number of b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cytokines",
"immunity",
"bone",
"marrow",
"innate",
"immunity",
"immunology",
"biology",
"immune",
"system"
] | 2013 | Extramedullary Myelopoiesis in Malaria Depends on Mobilization of Myeloid-Restricted Progenitors by IFN-γ Induced Chemokines |
Uncovering pathways underlying drug-induced toxicity is a fundamental objective in the field of toxicogenomics . Developing mechanism-based toxicity biomarkers requires the identification of such novel pathways and the order of their sufficiency in causing a phenotypic response . Genome-wide RNA interference ( RNAi ) p... | Approaches for discovering mechanisms of action and for identifying molecular biomarkers in biomedical research are evolving today , as the growing symbiosis with computational sciences becomes more widely appreciated . In fact , the combination of various new technologies has been pushing forward both frontiers . Here... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"cell",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"rattus",
"(rat)"
] | 2007 | PPARα siRNA–Treated Expression Profiles Uncover the Causal Sufficiency Network for Compound-Induced Liver Hypertrophy |
Immucillins ImmA ( IA ) , ImmH ( IH ) and SerMe-ImmH ( SMIH ) are synthetic deazapurine nucleoside analogues that inhibit Leishmania ( L . ) infantum chagasi and Leishmania ( L . ) amazonensis multiplication in vitro without macrophage toxicity . Immucillins are compared to the Glucantime standard drug in the chemother... | The IA , IH , and SMIH immucillins are known to impair the replication of promastigotes of L . ( L . ) infantum chagasi and L . ( L . ) amazonensis imucillins in vitro and impair the replication of intracellular amastigotes of L . ( L . ) infantum chagasi in vitro with no toxicity for macrophages . IA and IH also inhib... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Immucillins ImmA and ImmH Are Effective and Non-toxic in the Treatment of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis |
Curdlan sulfate ( CRDS ) , a sulfated 1→3-β-D glucan , previously shown to be a potent HIV entry inhibitor , is characterized in this study as a potent inhibitor of the Dengue virus ( DENV ) . CRDS was identified by in silico blind docking studies to exhibit binding potential to the envelope ( E ) protein of the DENV .... | There is no specific approved antiviral and vaccine for treatment or prevention of dengue , an acute mosquito-transmitted viral disease that affects more than 50 million people each year . Dengue virus ( DENV ) entry is a critical step that establishes the infection and enables virus replication . Curdlan sulfate ( CRD... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"biochemistry",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"viral",
"hemorrhagic",
"fevers",
"drug",
"research",
"and",
"development",
"drugs",
"and",
"devices",
"dengue",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"dengue",
... | 2013 | Sulfated Polysaccharide, Curdlan Sulfate, Efficiently Prevents Entry/Fusion and Restricts Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Infection In Vitro: A Possible Candidate for Clinical Application |
Non-homologous end-joining ( NHEJ ) and homologous recombination ( HR ) represent the two main pathways for repairing DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) . During the G2 phase of the mammalian cell cycle , both processes can operate and chromatin structure is one important factor which determines DSB repair pathway choic... | Double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) are critical DNA lesions because they can lead to cell death or , which is even more devastating , the formation of genomic rearrangements . Cells are equipped with two main pathways to repair such lesions , homologous recombination ( HR ) and non-homologous end-joining ( NHEJ ) . HR is an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"radiobiology"
] | 2013 | ATM Release at Resected Double-Strand Breaks Provides Heterochromatin Reconstitution to Facilitate Homologous Recombination |
Yellow fever ( YF ) is endemic in the Brazilian Amazon Basin , and sporadic outbreaks take place outside the endemic area in Brazil . Since 2016 , YF epidemics have been occurring in Southeast Brazil , with more than 1 , 900 human cases and more than 1 , 600 epizooties of non-human primates ( NHPs ) reported until Apri... | Yellow fever ( YF ) is endemic in the Brazilian Amazon Basin , but sporadic outbreaks may take place outside this region . At the end of 2016 , YF epidemics have been occurring in Southeast Brazil , with thousands of human cases ( more than 1 , 900 ) and deaths of non-human primates ( NHPs ) reported so far . To better... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"epizootics",
"taxonomy",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animal",
"diseases",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"viruse... | 2018 | Persistence of Yellow fever virus outside the Amazon Basin, causing epidemics in Southeast Brazil, from 2016 to 2018 |
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) , a neglected tropical disease of the skin , caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans , occurs most frequently in children in West Africa . Risk factors for BU include proximity to slow flowing water , poor wound care and not wearing protective clothing . Man-made alterations of the environment have been su... | Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans that is affecting mostly children in endemic areas of West Africa . Proximity to slow flowing water is a risk factor , but the exact mode of transmission of BU remains unclear . Man-made environmental changes , such as sand mining , damming o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"skin",
"infections",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"disease",
"mapping",
"infec... | 2013 | Geographic Distribution, Age Pattern and Sites of Lesions in a Cohort of Buruli Ulcer Patients from the Mapé Basin of Cameroon |
Signalling networks result from combinatorial interactions among many enzymes and scaffolding proteins . These complex systems generate response dynamics that are often essential for correct decision-making in cells . Uncovering biochemical design principles that underpin such response dynamics is a prerequisite to und... | Biological systems utilise signalling networks that are composed of multiple interacting proteins to process environmental information . The function of these networks is critical for cells to respond and adapt to their environment by converting environmental signals to appropriate cellular response dynamics . As resul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"enzymes",
"signal",
"processing",
"signaling",
"networks",
"enzymology",
"phosphatases",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"network",
"analysis",
"protein",
"kinase",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"scienc... | 2016 | Enzyme Sequestration as a Tuning Point in Controlling Response Dynamics of Signalling Networks |
The coronavirus E protein is a small membrane protein with a single predicted hydrophobic domain ( HD ) , and has a poorly defined role in infection . The E protein is thought to promote virion assembly , which occurs in the Golgi region of infected cells . It has also been implicated in the release of infectious parti... | Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses that bud and assemble intracellularly , and therefore must use the host secretory pathway for release . Coronavirus E is a small protein that contains a single predicted hydrophobic domain and is targeted to the Golgi region . The E protein has been implicated in the assembly of coro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"rna",
"viruses",
"viruslike",
"particles",
"sars",
"virology",
"viral",
"classification",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | A Single Polar Residue and Distinct Membrane Topologies Impact the Function of the Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus E Protein |
Pigmentation varies within and between species and is often adaptive . The amount of pigmentation on the abdomen of Drosophila melanogaster is a relatively simple morphological trait , which serves as a model for mapping the genetic basis of variation in complex phenotypes . Here , we assessed natural variation in fema... | Body pigmentation contributes to the spectacular biodiversity present in nature and mediates mate choice , mimicry , and physiological functions such as thermoregulation and UV resistance . Thus , pigmentation is a significant contributor to fitness . In order to understand how complex traits such as pigmentation evolv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Genetic Architecture of Abdominal Pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster |
The evolution of drug-resistance in pathogens is a major global health threat . Elucidating the molecular basis of pathogen drug-resistance has been the focus of many studies but rarely is it known whether a drug-resistance mechanism identified is universal for the studied pathogen; it has seldom been clarified whether... | Drug resistance is a serious problem that strikes at the core of infectious disease control . The mechanisms developed by pathogens to become resistant against existing drug treatments have been studied for many years but these studies have frequently scrutinized a few lines of the pathogen and rarely is it known wheth... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"protozoology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"population",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Natural Leishmania Populations Vary with Genetic Background |
The ability to determine one's location is fundamental to spatial navigation . Here , it is shown that localization is theoretically possible without the use of external cues , and without knowledge of initial position or orientation . With only error-prone self-motion estimates as input , a fully disoriented agent can... | Spatial navigation is one of the most important functions of animal brains . Multiple regions and cell types encode the current location in mammalian brains , but the underlying interactions between sensory and memory information remain unclear . Recent experimental and theoretical evidence have been found to suggest t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory"
] | 2014 | Estimating Location without External Cues |
The SAM domain and HD domain containing protein 1 ( SAMHD1 ) inhibits retroviruses , DNA viruses and long interspersed element 1 ( LINE-1 ) . Given that in dividing cells , SAMHD1 loses its antiviral function yet still potently restricts LINE-1 , we propose that , instead of blocking viral DNA synthesis by virtue of it... | Long interspersed element 1 ( LINE-1 or L1 ) comprises 17% of human genome , and has played a major role in shaping the evolution of human genome . Approximately 100 copies of LINE-1 are still active in an average individual genome . Movement of these LINE-1 sequences to new loci in the genome has the potential of caus... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | SAMHD1 Inhibits LINE-1 Retrotransposition by Promoting Stress Granule Formation |
Many animals have an intrinsic growth checkpoint during juvenile development , after which an irreversible decision is made to upregulate steroidogenesis , triggering the metamorphic juvenile-to-adult transition . However , a molecular process underlying such a critical developmental decision remains obscure . Here we ... | Onset of sexual maturation constitutes a point of no return in animals; once this life-changing decision is made , upregulation of steroidogenesis leads to irreversible juvenile-to-adult transition in humans and insects alike . While nutrient signals contributing to this decision-making process have been well studied ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"tor",
"signaling",
"cell",
"processes",
"animals",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"m... | 2017 | Nutrient-Dependent Endocycling in Steroidogenic Tissue Dictates Timing of Metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster |
The sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes are considered among the most economically damaging pathogens of plants . Following infection and the establishment of a feeding site , sedentary nematodes become immobile . Loss of mobility is reversed in adult males while females never regain mobility . The structural basis for... | The sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes are an economically devastating group of pathogens . They are capable of modifying their host’s metabolism by establishing a permanent feeding site within the plant roots . Following infection , sedentary nematodes remain at their feeding site where they are only capable of sligh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"aliphatic",
"amino",
"acids",
"caenorhabditis",
"atrophy",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"animals",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"motor"... | 2018 | Immobility in the sedentary plant-parasitic nematode H. glycines is associated with remodeling of neuromuscular tissue |
Non-recombining sex chromosomes are expected to undergo evolutionary decay , ending up genetically degenerated , as has happened in birds and mammals . Why are then sex chromosomes so often homomorphic in cold-blooded vertebrates ? One possible explanation is a high rate of turnover events , replacing master sex-determ... | Non-recombining sex chromosomes , such as the Y chromosome , are expected to degenerate over evolutionary times because they accumulate deleterious mutations that cannot be corrected by recombination with a pristine copy . In most cold-blooded vertebrates , such as frogs , however , sex chromosomes are undifferentiated... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"haplotypes",
"animal",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"animal",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"zoology",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"animal",
"ph... | 2011 | Ever-Young Sex Chromosomes in European Tree Frogs |
Peoples' subjective attitude towards costs such as , e . g . , risk , delay or effort are key determinants of inter-individual differences in goal-directed behaviour . Thus , the ability to learn about others' prudent , impatient or lazy attitudes is likely to be critical for social interactions . Conversely , how adap... | What do people learn from observing others' attitudes , such as "prudence" , "impatience" or "laziness" ? Rather than viewing these attitudes as examples of highly subjective personality traits , we assume that they derive from uncertain ( and mostly implicit ) beliefs about how to best weigh risks , delays and efforts... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"social",
"influence",
"learning",
"decision",
"making",
"experimental",
"design",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"research",
"design",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"cognition",
... | 2017 | Learning about and from others' prudence, impatience or laziness: The computational bases of attitude alignment |
In response to numerous signals , latent herpesvirus genomes abruptly switch their developmental program , aborting stable host–cell colonization in favor of productive viral replication that ultimately destroys the cell . To achieve a rapid gene expression transition , newly minted capped , polyadenylated viral mRNAs ... | Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is an important human pathogen and , like all herpesviruses , establishes a state of permanent residency in the infected host called latency . Major sites of KSHV latency are cells of the immune system and cells lining blood vessels . In individuals with weakened immunit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"cell",
"biology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"virology/viruses",
"and",
"ca... | 2009 | Activation of Host Translational Control Pathways by a Viral Developmental Switch |
Phytopathogens have a limited range of host plant species that they can successfully parasitise ie . that they are adapted for . Infection of plants by nonadapted pathogens often results in an active resistance response that is relatively poorly characterised because phenotypic variation in this response often does not... | Plant pathogens are specialists and can colonise only a limited number of plant species ( hosts ) . Pathogen infection of a plant that is not a host of the disease often results in an active plant defense response . This poorly characterised defense response is durable as phytopathogens rarely successfully colonise new... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"bac",
"cloning",
"pathogens",
"cloning",
"vector",
"cloning",
"plant",
"science",
"rice",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"plant",
"pathology",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"mol... | 2018 | Components of Brachypodium distachyon resistance to nonadapted wheat stripe rust pathogens are simply inherited |
A fundamental feature of sexual reproduction in plants and animals is the specification of reproductive cells that conduct meiosis to form gametes , and the associated somatic cells that provide nutrition and developmental cues to ensure successful gamete production . The anther , which is the male reproductive organ i... | The differentiation of distinct somatic and reproductive cells in flowers is required for the successful sexual reproduction of plants . The anther produces reproductive microsporocytes ( pollen mother cells ) that give rise to pollen ( male gametophytes ) , as well as surrounding somatic cells ( particularly the tapet... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"skin",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"integumentary",
"system",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"pollen",
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science"... | 2016 | Control of Anther Cell Differentiation by the Small Protein Ligand TPD1 and Its Receptor EMS1 in Arabidopsis |
Adult stem cells are responsible for maintaining and repairing tissues during the life of an organism . Tissue repair in humans , however , is limited compared to the regenerative capabilities of other vertebrates , such as the zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) . An understanding of stem cell mechanisms , such as how they are ... | The promise of regenerative medicine lies in the ability to find or create stem cells that can be manipulated to replace damaged tissues and organs . Such ability requires an understanding of how adult stem cells are established and then later recruited to regenerate different tissues . Here , we study the zebrafish's ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"developmental",
"biology/stem",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"genetics",
"and... | 2009 | Defects in ErbB-Dependent Establishment of Adult Melanocyte Stem Cells Reveal Independent Origins for Embryonic and Regeneration Melanocytes |
Accumulation of M2 macrophages in the liver , within the context of a strong Th2 response , is a hallmark of infection with the parasitic helminth , Schistosoma mansoni , but the origin of these cells is unclear . To explore this , we examined the relatedness of macrophages to monocytes in this setting . Our data show ... | Schistosomiasis is an important neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma . During infection with S . mansoni , parasite eggs become trapped in the liver and elicit granulomatous inflammation characterized by accumulations of immune cells intermixed with liver cells around the eggs .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"parasitology",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"inflammation",
"animal",
"cells",
"pathogenesis",
"immune",
"response",
... | 2014 | Ly6Chi Monocyte Recruitment Is Responsible for Th2 Associated Host-Protective Macrophage Accumulation in Liver Inflammation due to Schistosomiasis |
Clock output pathways are central to convey timing information from the circadian clock to a diversity of physiological systems , ranging from cell-autonomous processes to behavior . While the molecular mechanisms that generate and sustain rhythmicity at the cellular level are well understood , it is unclear how this i... | Circadian systems evolved as a mechanism that allows organisms to adapt to the environmental changes in light and dark which occur as a consequence of the rotation of Earth . Because of its unique repertoire of genetic tools , Drosophila is a well established model for the study of the circadian clock . Although the bi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | Circadian Remodeling of Neuronal Circuits Involved in Rhythmic Behavior |
The binding of Leishmania promastigotes to the midgut epithelium is regarded as an essential part of the life-cycle in the sand fly vector , enabling the parasites to persist beyond the initial blood meal phase and establish the infection . However , the precise nature of the promastigote stage ( s ) that mediate bindi... | Many infectious diseases such as leishmaniasis are transmitted to people by biting insects , in this case by female sand flies . To control this and similar diseases we need to understand why particular species of sand fly transmit particular species of Leishmania . One important feature of the Leishmania parasite-sand... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"microbiology/parasitology"
] | 2010 | Stage-Specific Adhesion of Leishmania Promastigotes to Sand Fly Midguts Assessed Using an Improved Comparative Binding Assay |
Rnf8 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a key role in the DNA damage response as well as in the maintenance of telomeres and chromatin remodeling . Rnf8−/− mice exhibit developmental defects and increased susceptibility to tumorigenesis . We observed that levels of p53 , a central regulator of the cellular response t... | DNA double-strand breaks are the most dangerous type of DNA lesions that can occur in cells . Failure to repair these breaks quickly and efficiently can result in either cell death or genomic instability and eventually malignant transformation . Rnf8 and p53 are key proteins in the DNA damage response . We have generat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cancer",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Synergistic Interaction of Rnf8 and p53 in the Protection against Genomic Instability and Tumorigenesis |
How cell proliferation subsides as cells terminally differentiate remains largely enigmatic , although this phenomenon is central to the existence of multicellular organisms . Here , we show that GATA-1 , the master transcription factor of erythropoiesis , forms a tricomplex with the retinoblastoma protein ( pRb ) and ... | Red blood cell production , or erythropoiesis , proceeds by a tight coupling of proliferation and differentiation . The earliest erythroid progenitor identifiable possesses remnant stem cell characteristics as it both self-renews and differentiates . Each progenitor gives rise to more than 10 , 000 cells , including se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Direct Binding of pRb/E2F-2 to GATA-1 Regulates Maturation and Terminal Cell Division during Erythropoiesis |
Neuronal assemblies often exhibit stimulus-induced rhythmic activity in the gamma range ( 30–80 Hz ) , whose magnitude depends on the attentional load . This has led to the suggestion that gamma rhythms form dynamic communication channels across cortical areas processing the features of behaviorally relevant stimuli . ... | Brain signals often show a stimulus-induced rhythm in the “gamma” band ( 30–80 Hz ) whose magnitude depends on attentional load , leading to suggestions that gamma rhythm plays a functional role in routing signals across cortical areas . However , gamma power also depends on simple stimulus features such as size or con... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience",
"neurophysiology"
] | 2013 | Strength of Gamma Rhythm Depends on Normalization |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) disrupts anti-microbial pathways of macrophages , cells that normally kill bacteria . Over 40 years ago , D'Arcy Hart showed that Mtb avoids delivery to lysosomes , but the molecular mechanisms that allow Mtb to elude lysosomal degradation are poorly understood . Specialized secretion... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) causes the disease tuberculosis , one of the world's most deadly infections . The host immune system can't eradicate Mtb because it grows within macrophages , cells that normally kill bacteria . One of the intracellular survival strategies of Mtb is to avoid delivery to lysosomes , a ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis Type VII Secreted Effector EsxH Targets Host ESCRT to Impair Trafficking |
Dog bites in humans are a public health problem worldwide . The issues of increasing stray dog populations , rabies outbreaks , and the risk of dogs biting humans have been frequently reported by the media in Bhutan . This study aimed to estimate the bite incidence and identify the risk factors for dog bites in humans ... | Dog bites in humans are a public health problem worldwide . We conducted a hospital based questionnaire survey and described the incidence and risk factors for human dog bites in Bhutan . We also estimated the human death rate attributable to rabies in two rabies endemic areas of south Bhutan . Our study shows that dog... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"rabies",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"epidemiology",
"zoonotic",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2011 | Dog Bites in Humans and Estimating Human Rabies Mortality in Rabies Endemic Areas of Bhutan |
Chemokines and their receptors play a critical role in orchestrating immunity to microbial pathogens , including the orally acquired Th1-inducing protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii . Chemokine receptor CXCR3 is associated with Th1 responses , and here we use bicistronic CXCR3-eGFP knock-in reporter mice to demonstrat... | Inflammatory monocytes have recently emerged as important effectors in intestinal defense against enteric pathogens , but requirements for their activation are poorly defined . Here we use the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii , an orally acquired Th1-inducing pathogen , to study the requirements for inflammatory macrophage ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | CXCR3-Dependent CD4+ T Cells Are Required to Activate Inflammatory Monocytes for Defense against Intestinal Infection |
Hammerhead ribozymes are small self-cleaving RNAs that promote strand scission by internal phosphoester transfer . Comparative sequence analysis was used to identify numerous additional representatives of this ribozyme class than were previously known , including the first representatives in fungi and archaea . Moreove... | The expanding diversity of noncoding RNA discoveries is revealing a broader spectrum of roles RNA plays in cellular signaling and in biochemical functions . These discoveries in part are being facilitated by the expanding collection of genomic sequence data and by computational methods used to search for novel RNAs . I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"biology",
"ribozymes",
"metagenomics",
"structural",
"genomics",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"rna",
"structure",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"biochemistry",
"rna",
"rna",
"processing",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biol... | 2011 | Identification of Hammerhead Ribozymes in All Domains of Life Reveals Novel Structural Variations |
Sub-cellular localisation of proteins is an essential post-translational regulatory mechanism that can be assayed using high-throughput mass spectrometry ( MS ) . These MS-based spatial proteomics experiments enable us to pinpoint the sub-cellular distribution of thousands of proteins in a specific system under control... | Sub-cellular localisation of proteins is critical to their function in all cellular processes; proteins localising to their intended micro-environment , e . g organelles , vesicles or macro-molecular complexes , will meet the interaction partners and biochemical conditions suitable to pursue their molecular function . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"machine",
"learning",
"algorithms",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"neuroscience",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"algorithms",
"mathematics",
"stem",
"cells",
"artificial",
"intelligence",
"genome",
"analysis",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"orga... | 2016 | Learning from Heterogeneous Data Sources: An Application in Spatial Proteomics |
Chronic Schistosoma infection is often characterized by a state of T cell hyporesponsiveness of the host . Suppression of dendritic cell ( DC ) function could be one of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon , since Schistosoma antigens are potent modulators of dendritic cell function in vitro . Yet , it remains to ... | A key feature of schistosomiasis , as well as of other systemic helminth infections , is their chronic nature . This reflects the successful evasion and suppression of host immune responses by the parasites . One of the mechanisms that could underlie this phenomenon is modulation of the dendritic cells ( DC ) , which p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"immunology/leukocyte",
"signaling",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"immunology/immune",
"response"
] | 2010 | Functional Impairment of Human Myeloid Dendritic Cells during Schistosoma haematobium Infection |
Clear definitions of outcomes following trichiasis surgery are critical for planning program evaluations and for identifying ways to improve trichiasis surgery . Eyelid contour abnormality is an important adverse outcome of surgery; however , no standard method has been described to categorize eyelid contour abnormalit... | Approximately 8 million individuals worldwide suffer from trichiasis , a condition characterized by in-turned lashes that rub against the eye . Trichiasis is caused by repeated or prolonged ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis . Surgery is available to correct in-turned lashes . In most programmatic and research... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"trachoma",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"ophthalmology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"population",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Definitions and Standardization of a New Grading Scheme for Eyelid Contour Abnormalities after Trichiasis Surgery |
Regulated protein secretion is required for malaria parasite life cycle progression and transmission between the mammalian host and mosquito vector . During transmission from the host to the vector , exocytosis of highly specialised secretory vesicles , such as osmiophilic bodies , is key to the dissolution of the red ... | Transmission of the malaria parasite between mosquito and host requires two different life cycle stages—the gametocyte and the sporozoite . In both parasite forms , transmission is dependent on exocytosis of stage-specific vesicles . In gametocytes these vesicles release proteins allowing egress from red blood cells an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"plasmodium",
"gametocytes",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"germ",
"cells",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"developmental",
"biology",
"apicomplexa",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelle... | 2016 | A Putative Small Solute Transporter Is Responsible for the Secretion of G377 and TRAP-Containing Secretory Vesicles during Plasmodium Gamete Egress and Sporozoite Motility |
Alternative methods of mosquito control are needed to tackle the rising burden of mosquito-borne diseases while minimizing the use of synthetic insecticides , which are threatened by the rapid increase in insecticide resistance in mosquito populations . Fungal biopesticides show great promise as potential alternatives ... | Fungal biopesticides constitute potential alternative methods of vector control to tackle the rising burden of mosquito-borne diseases and the development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes . Insect-fungi interactions represent an intricate co-evolutionary arms race between the invading pathogen and its arthropod ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"fungi",
"fungal",
"diseases",
"insect",
"vectors",
"fungal",
"pathogens",
"infectious",
"... | 2018 | Entomopathogenic fungal infection leads to temporospatial modulation of the mosquito immune system |
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