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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Autophagy is a primordial eukaryotic pathway , which provides the immune system with multiple mechanisms for the elimination of invading pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) . As a consequence , Mtb has evolved different strategies to hijack the autophagy process . Given the crucial role of human prim... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) is one of the most successful pathogens in human history and remains the second leading cause of death from an infectious agent worldwide . The major reason of Mtb success relies on its ability to evade host immunity . Autophagy , a cellular mechanism involved in intracellular pathoge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"cell",
"death",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"processes",
"messenger",
"rna",
"polyribosomes",
"micrornas",
"genome",
"analysis",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"cel... | 2018 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced miR-155 subverts autophagy by targeting ATG3 in human dendritic cells |
We conducted a multi-stage genome-wide association study of natural hair color in more than 10 , 000 men and women of European ancestry from the United States and Australia . An initial analysis of 528 , 173 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) genotyped on 2 , 287 women identified IRF4 and SLC24A4 as loci highly a... | It has been a longstanding hypothesis that human pigmentation is tightly regulated by genetic variation . However , very few genes have been identified that contain common genetic variants associated with human pigmentation . We scanned the genome for genetic variants associated with natural hair color and other pigmen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Alleles Associated with Hair Color and Skin Pigmentation |
Although lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) stimulation through the Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) -4/MD-2 receptor complex activates host defense against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens , how species-specific differences in LPS recognition impact host defense remains undefined . Herein , we establish how temperature dependent s... | The outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is mainly composed of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS , endotoxin ) . The structure of the bioactive component of LPS , lipid A , varies between bacteria and even within the same species grown under different environmental conditions . Yersinia pestis has been ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immune",
"cells",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"inflammation",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"pathogenesis",
"monocytes",
"immunity",
... | 2012 | Humanized TLR4/MD-2 Mice Reveal LPS Recognition Differentially Impacts Susceptibility to Yersinia pestis and Salmonella enterica |
Epidemics of communicable diseases place a huge burden on public health infrastructures across the world . Producing accurate and actionable forecasts of infectious disease incidence at short and long time scales will improve public health response to outbreaks . However , scientists and public health officials face ma... | Predicting the course of infectious disease outbreaks in real-time is a challenging task . It requires knowledge of the particular disease system as well as a pipeline that can turn raw data from a public health surveillance system into calibrated predictions of disease incidence . Dengue is a mosquito-borne infectious... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"decision",
"making",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"neuroscience",
"ethnicities",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"cognition",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"d... | 2016 | Challenges in Real-Time Prediction of Infectious Disease: A Case Study of Dengue in Thailand |
The disruption of coupling between brain areas has been suggested as the mechanism underlying loss of consciousness in anesthesia . This hypothesis has been tested previously by measuring the information transfer between brain areas , and by taking reduced information transfer as a proxy for decoupling . Yet , informat... | Currently we do not understand how anesthesia leads to loss of consciousness ( LOC ) . One popular idea is that we loose consciousness when brain areas lose their ability to communicate with each other–as anesthetics might interrupt transmission on nerve fibers coupling them . This idea has been tested by measuring the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"anesthesiology",
"information",
"processing",
"prefrontal",
"cortex",
"signal",
"processing",
"brain",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"signal",
"filtering",
"mathematics",
"pharmaceutics",
... | 2017 | Breakdown of local information processing may underlie isoflurane anesthesia effects |
The hydrophobic effect is the main driving force in protein folding . One can estimate the relative strength of this hydrophobic effect for each amino acid by mining a large set of experimentally determined protein structures . However , the hydrophobic force is known to be strongly temperature dependent . This tempera... | In general , proteins become functional once they fold into a specific globular structure . On folding , hydrophobic amino acids get buried inside the protein such that they are shielded from the water; this hydrophobic effect makes a protein fold stable . However , the strength of the hydrophobicity is known to be str... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Hydrophobic Temperature Dependence of Amino Acids Directly Calculated from Protein Structures |
Aneuploidy refers to losses and/or gains of individual chromosomes from the normal chromosome set . The resulting gene dosage imbalance has a noticeable affect on the phenotype , as illustrated by aneuploid syndromes , including Down syndrome in humans , and by human solid tumor cells , which are highly aneuploid . Alt... | Most plants and animals have two copies of each chromosome in the normal chromosome set . Unbalanced numerical changes resulting from gains or losses of individual chromosomes ( aneuploidy ) usually have deleterious consequences . For example , Down syndrome in humans is caused by an extra ( triplicate ) copy of chromo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
... | 2008 | Effects of Aneuploidy on Genome Structure, Expression, and Interphase
Organization in Arabidopsis thaliana |
The metacestode ( larval ) stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis ( AE ) , a very severe and in many cases incurable disease . To date , benzimidazoles such as albendazole and mebendazole are the only approved chemotherapeutical treatment options . Benzimidazoles inhibit metace... | The fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis causes a deadly disease in humans that is characterized by cancer-like parasite growth in the liver of patients . Hence E . multilocularis is ideally removed by radical resection . However , as this is not always possible , patients are treated by chemotherapy to stop furthe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"cell",
"viability",
"testing",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"toxicology",
"animal",
"models",
"toxicity",
"model",
"organisms",
"pharmaceutics",
"oils... | 2016 | Screening of the Open Source Malaria Box Reveals an Early Lead Compound for the Treatment of Alveolar Echinococcosis |
We analyzed age-related changes in motor response in a visuomotor compensatory tracking task . Subjects used a manipulandum to attempt to keep a displayed cursor at the center of a screen despite random perturbations to its location . Cross-correlation analysis of the perturbation and the subject response showed no age... | In a hand-eye coordination task that requires continuous movement to correct for a disturbance , it turns out that signs of response to the disturbance appear no later in the elderly than in the young . The elderly motion is noisy and less efficient , however , and once movements in response to a disturbance begin , th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/motor",
"systems",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems"
] | 2010 | Slower Visuomotor Corrections with Unchanged Latency are Consistent with Optimal Adaptation to Increased Endogenous Noise in the Elderly |
Mendel laws of inheritance can be cheated by Meiotic Drive Elements ( MDs ) , complex nuclear genetic loci found in various eukaryotic genomes and distorting segregation in their favor . Here , we identify and characterize in the model fungus Podospora anserina Spok1 and Spok2 , two MDs known as Spore Killers . We show... | Chromosome segregation during meiosis ensures that paternal and maternal chromosomes are equally transmitted to the progeny . Meiotic Drive Elements ( MDs ) are known to distort this 1∶1 ratio in many animal , plant , and fungal species by killing the gametes not carrying them . Most of the known MDs are complex geneti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"function",
"mycology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genome",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"models",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"me... | 2014 | Genes That Bias Mendelian Segregation |
Giardiasis is an intestinal infection that affects more than two hundred million people annually worldwide; it is caused by the flagellated protozoan Giardia duodenalis . In tropical countries and in low or middle-income settings , like Brazil , its prevalence can be high . There is currently no systematic review on th... | Giardiasis is an intestinal disease that affect millions of people worldwide , including children . Its main route of transmission is by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the protozoan G . duodenalis . Transmission does not require an animal host , although transmission from animals to human ( zoonotic trans... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"surface",
"water",
"water",
"resources",
"giardiasis",
"giardia",
"demography",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"anthropology",
... | 2017 | Giardiasis as a neglected disease in Brazil: Systematic review of 20 years of publications |
As rabies in carnivores is increasingly controlled throughout much of the Americas , bats are emerging as a significant source of rabies virus infection of humans and domestic animals . Knowledge of the bat species that maintain rabies is a crucial first step in reducing this public health problem . In North America , ... | Reducing the public health burden of rabies is most effectively achieved by elimination of the disease from its hosts . While the role of dogs and many wild carnivore species in maintaining and transmitting rabies virus is well established , our understanding of the role of many bat species in this regard is still inco... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"canada",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"population",
"dynamics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"viruses",
"north",
"america",
"phylogenet... | 2017 | The phylogeography of Myotis bat-associated rabies viruses across Canada |
The geographical overlap of HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus ) and leprosy infection has become increasingly frequent and worrying , bringing many clinical issues . Peripheral neuropathy is very frequent in leprosy because of the predilection of its etiologic agent by Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system , ... | Coinfections of leprosy and HIV are a challenge for clinical management , particularly concerning peripheral neuropathy , which is common in leprosy and is also present in HIV infection . We conducted a clinical follow-up of leprosy patients coinfected with HIV and compared them to patients with leprosy alone and obser... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"somatosensory",
"system",
"hiv",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"highly-active",
"antiretroviral",
"therapy",
"nervous",
"system",
"antiviral",
"therapy",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseas... | 2018 | Peripheral nerve abnormality in HIV leprosy patients |
We examined the extent to which temporal encoding may be implemented by single neurons in the cercal sensory system of the house cricket Acheta domesticus . We found that these neurons exhibit a greater-than-expected coding capacity , due in part to an increased precision in brief patterns of action potentials . We dev... | The information coding schemes used within nervous systems have been the focus of an entire field within neuroscience . An unresolved issue within the general coding problem is the determination of the neural “symbols” with which information is encoded in neural spike trains , analogous to the determination of the nucl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"single",
"neuron",
"function",
"biology",
"sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience",
"coding",
"mechanisms"
] | 2011 | Temporal Encoding in a Nervous System |
Here , we show that the enzymatic cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin ( BH4 ) inhibits feeding in Drosophila . BH4 biosynthesis requires the sequential action of the conserved enzymes Punch , Purple , and Sepiapterin Reductase ( Sptr ) . Although we observe increased feeding upon loss of Punch and Purple in the adult fat body... | As the primary site of energy storage , adipose tissue must somehow monitor energy reserves and communicate this information to the brain . The brain must then modulate feeding behavior to maintain energy balance; however , the mechanisms underlying this communication between fat cells and the brain remain poorly under... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"disaccharides",
"gene",
"regulation",
"appetite",
"carbohydrates",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"physiological",
"processes",
"micrornas",
"eating",
"epigenetics",
"molecula... | 2017 | A fat-derived metabolite regulates a peptidergic feeding circuit in Drosophila |
Melioidosis results from an infection with the soil-borne pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei , and cases of melioidosis usually cluster after rains or a typhoon . In an endemic area of Taiwan , B . pseudomallei is primarily geographically distributed in cropped fields in the northwest of this area , whereas melioidosis... | Cases of melioidosis , an emerging disease , are usually clustered after rains or typhoons . In Taiwan , the endemic area includes rural cropped fields contaminated with B . pseudomallei in the northwest and a densely populated district in the southeast , where melioidosis-cluster is distributed . We hypothesized that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Airborne Transmission of Melioidosis to Humans from Environmental Aerosols Contaminated with B. pseudomallei |
Giardiasis is one of the most common causes of diarrheal disease worldwide and 5-nitroimidazoles ( 5-NI ) are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of giardiasis . We evaluated the efficacy of 5-nitroimidazoles ( 5-NI ) in the treatment of giardiasis in a systematic review of randomized controlled trials... | Giardiasis is a major diarrheal disease with worldwide distribution . 5-nitroimidazoles , which include metronidazole and tinidazole , are the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of giardiasis . In recent years , many other drugs with variable efficacies and adverse effects have been proposed for the treatment of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"giardiasis",
"systematic",
"reviews",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | Efficacy of 5-Nitroimidazoles for the Treatment of Giardiasis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials |
Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 ( MDA5 ) recognizes distinct subsets of viruses including Encephalomyocarditis virus ( EMCV ) of picornavirus family , but the molecular mechanisms underlying the specificity of the viral recognition of MDA5 in immune cells remain obscure . DHX29 is an RNA helicase required fo... | Cytosolic sensor melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 ( MDA5 ) specifically detects long-duplex RNAs in the genome of double-stranded ( ds ) RNA viruses such as Encephalomyocarditis virus ( EMCV ) whereas retinoic acid-inducible gene-I ( RIG-I ) preferentially recognizes vesicular stomatitis virus ( VSV ) to trig... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"vesicular",
"stomatitis",
"virus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"293t",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"enzymes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"gene",
"regulation",
... | 2018 | DHX29 functions as an RNA co-sensor for MDA5-mediated EMCV-specific antiviral immunity |
SERINC5 is a host restriction factor that impairs infectivity of HIV-1 and other primate lentiviruses and is counteracted by the viral accessory protein Nef . However , the importance of SERINC5 antagonism for viral replication and cytopathicity remained unclear . Here , we show that the Nef protein of the highly diver... | The accessory protein Nef promotes primate lentiviral replication and enhances the pathogenicity of HIV-1 by mechanisms of immune evasion and enhancing viral infectivity and replication . Here , we show that the evolutionarily most isolated primate lentivirus SIVcol lacks several otherwise conserved Nef functions . Nev... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"viral",
"structure",
"animals",
"mammals",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",... | 2018 | SIVcol Nef counteracts SERINC5 by promoting its proteasomal degradation but does not efficiently enhance HIV-1 replication in human CD4+ T cells and lymphoid tissue |
A recombinant live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine ( CYD-TDV ) has been shown to be efficacious in preventing virologically-confirmed dengue disease , severe dengue disease and dengue hospitalization in children aged 2–16 years in Asia and Latin America . We analyzed pooled safety data from 18 phase I , II and II... | Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection in tropical and subtropical regions of the world that causes flu-like illness and , in severe cases , death . Every year , 390 million dengue infections occur worldwide , and over 3 . 9 billion people are now at risk from the disease . Although mosquito control and improved ca... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"viral",
"vaccines",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"phase",
"iii",
"clinical",
"investigation",
"age",
"groups",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"pharmacology",
"vaccination",
... | 2016 | Safety Overview of a Recombinant Live-Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine: Pooled Analysis of Data from 18 Clinical Trials |
Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 ( HIF-1 ) is essential for mammalian development and is the principal transcription factor activated by low oxygen tensions . HIF-α subunit quantities and their associated activity are regulated in a post-translational manner , through the concerted action of a class of enzymes called Prolyl ... | The mechanisms by which cells and organisms respond to oxygen are of extreme importance for development and also for certain pathologies such as cancer , ageing , and ischemia . These are mediated by a family of transcription factors called hypoxia inducible factor ( HIF ) , a factor that coordinates expression of a gr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"biochemistry/transcription",
"and",
"translation",
"molecular",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression"
] | 2011 | Evolutionary Conserved Regulation of HIF-1β by NF-κB |
To identify genetic loci influencing central obesity and fat distribution , we performed a meta-analysis of 16 genome-wide association studies ( GWAS , N = 38 , 580 ) informative for adult waist circumference ( WC ) and waist–hip ratio ( WHR ) . We selected 26 SNPs for follow-up , for which the evidence of association ... | Here , we describe a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data from 38 , 580 individuals , followed by large-scale replication ( in up to 70 , 689 individuals ) designed to uncover variants influencing anthropometric measures of central obesity and fat distribution , namely waist circumference ( WC ) and waist–hip ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/obesity",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/type",
"2",
"diabetes"
] | 2009 | Genome-Wide Association Scan Meta-Analysis Identifies Three Loci Influencing Adiposity and Fat Distribution |
Electrical oscillations in neuronal network activity are ubiquitous in the brain and have been associated with cognition and behavior . Intriguingly , the amplitude of ongoing oscillations , such as measured in EEG recordings , fluctuates irregularly , with episodes of high amplitude alternating with episodes of low am... | Rhythmic changes in electrical activity are observed throughout the brain , and arise as a result of reciprocal interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons . Synchronized activity of a large number of neurons gives rise to macroscopic oscillations in electrical activity , which can be measured in EEG recordi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neural",
"networks",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2012 | External Drive to Inhibitory Cells Induces Alternating Episodes of High- and Low-Amplitude Oscillations |
Malaria remains a global health burden causing significant morbidity , yet the mechanisms underlying disease outcomes and protection are poorly understood . Herein , we analyzed the peripheral blood of a unique cohort of Malawian children with severe malaria , and performed a comprehensive overview of blood leukocytes ... | The Plasmodium parasite is the number one killer among human parasitic diseases worldwide . Protection is associated with length of exposure for people living in endemic areas , with severe disease primarily affecting young children . Inflammation is a key component in the pathophysiology in malaria , and disease sever... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animal",
"models",
"bone",
"marrow",
"cells",
"model",
"orga... | 2016 | STING-Licensed Macrophages Prime Type I IFN Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in the Bone Marrow during Severe Plasmodium yoelii Malaria |
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma ( OAC ) is one of the ten most prevalent forms of cancer and is showing a rapid increase in incidence and yet exhibits poor survival rates . Compared to many other common cancers , the molecular changes that occur in this disease are relatively poorly understood . However , genes encoding chr... | Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is one of the ten most prevalent forms of cancer and is showing a rapid increase in incidence and yet exhibits poor survival rates . Understanding the molecular causes of this type of cancer will enable us develop more effective treatment strategies which will improve survival rates . Here we... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"binding",
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"carcinomas",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"oncology",
"transcription",
"factors",
"adenocarcinomas",
"bioassays"... | 2017 | Open chromatin profiling identifies AP1 as a transcriptional regulator in oesophageal adenocarcinoma |
From the 17th to 19th January 2012 , a group of 92 college students and teachers attended a retreat in a hotel located on Pangkor Island , off the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Following the onset of symptoms in many participants who presented to our institute , an investigation was undertaken which ultimately id... | Sarcocystis species are protozoan organisms that have been associated with disease in animals but less frequently so in humans . Following a retreat on Pangkor Island off Peninsular Malaysia , a number of persons presented to our hospital with prolonged fever and muscle pain that was initially difficult to attribute to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"protozoan",
"infections"
] | 2014 | Sarcocystis nesbitti Causes Acute, Relapsing Febrile Myositis with a High Attack Rate: Description of a Large Outbreak of Muscular Sarcocystosis in Pangkor Island, Malaysia, 2012 |
The activities of developmentally critical transcription factors are regulated via interactions with cofactors . Such interactions influence transcription factor activity either directly through protein–protein interactions or indirectly by altering the local chromatin environment . Using a yeast double-interaction scr... | The proper development of the diverse array of cell types in an organism depends upon the induction and repression of specific genes at particular times and places . This gene regulation requires both the activity of tissue-specific transcriptional regulators and the modulation of the chromatin environment . To date , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Akirin Links Twist-Regulated Transcription with the Brahma Chromatin Remodeling Complex during Embryogenesis |
The appearance of new mutations within a population provides the raw material for evolution . The consistent decline in fitness observed in classical mutation accumulation studies has provided support for the long-held view that deleterious mutations are more common than beneficial mutations . Here we present results o... | Beneficial mutations have long been considered extremely rare events and were thought to occur with a frequency of approximately one out of a billion times that a bacterium replicates its genome . Rare beneficial mutations would then be amplified by natural selection from the more frequent background of harmful mutatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"mutation",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"streptococci",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"population",
"biology",
"bacterial",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"bacterial",
"pathogens"
] | 2011 | Frequent Beneficial Mutations during Single-Colony Serial Transfer of Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Genetic variation of microsatellite loci is a widely used method for the analysis of population genetic structure of microorganisms . We have investigated genetic variation at 15 microsatellite loci of T . evansi isolated from camels in Sudan and Kenya to evaluate the genetic information partitioned within and between ... | Trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma evansi is a widely distributed disease of livestock , affecting especially camelids and equines and is transmitted by biting flies . The disease is of great concern to many developing countries such as Sudan , where its large camel population estimated at over 4 . 6 million heads is a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2011 | Population Genetics of Trypanosoma evansi from Camel in the Sudan |
Scrub typhus , caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi , is endemic in the Asia-Pacific region . Mortality is high if untreated , and even with treatment as high as 10–20% , further knowledge of the immune response during scrub typhus is needed . The current study was aimed at comparing plasma levels of a variety of inflammat... | Scrub typhus is a potentially fatal disease affecting at least 1 million people yearly , with 1 billion at risk in the Asia-Pacific region . Caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi , which is transmitted by mites , people with more outdoor activities , like farmers and construction workers , often low-income pop... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunoassays",
"immunology",
"biology",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"rickettsia"
] | 2014 | Cytokine Network in Scrub Typhus: High Levels of Interleukin-8 Are Associated with Disease Severity and Mortality |
HIV and other lentiviruses can productively infect nondividing cells , whereas most other retroviruses , such as murine leukemia virus , require cell division for efficient infection . However , the determinants for this phenotype have been controversial . Here , we show that HIV-1 capsid ( CA ) is involved in facilita... | HIV and related viruses are unusual among retroviruses in their ability to replicate independently of cell-cycle progression of target cells . However , the determinants of this phenotype have been controversial . Here , we identified mutations on the surface of the capsid ( CA ) protein that reduce the ability of HIV ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viruses",
"virology",
"in",
"vitro",
"eukaryotes",
"homo",
"(human)"
] | 2007 | Evidence for Direct Involvement of the Capsid Protein in HIV Infection of Nondividing Cells |
All organisms live in temporally fluctuating environments . Theory predicts that the evolution of deterministic maternal effects ( i . e . , anticipatory maternal effects or transgenerational phenotypic plasticity ) underlies adaptation to environments that fluctuate in a predictably alternating fashion over maternal-o... | Mothers can influence the phenotype of their offspring , independently of the genes that they transmit to them; such phenomena are known as “maternal effects . ” Theory suggests that maternal effects can be advantageous when the environment changes between generations , but a direct demonstration of this has been missi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"anoxia",
"pulmonology",
"germ",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology",
"oocytes",
"evolutionary",
"adaptation",
"population",
"biology",
"embryos",
"fecundity",
"medical",
"hypoxia",
"embryology",
"animal",
"cells",
"ev... | 2016 | Adaptation to Temporally Fluctuating Environments by the Evolution of Maternal Effects |
The transcriptional networks that regulate gene expression and modifications to this network are at the core of the cancer phenotype . MicroRNAs , a well-studied species of small non-coding RNA molecules , have been shown to have a central role in regulating gene expression as part of this transcriptional network . Fur... | Despite major progress and improved understanding of Glioblastoma Multiforme , the disease is still associated with poor prognosis . The identification of genomic regulatory mechanisms , their affiliation with clinical outcome and the association between specific modifications in genome sequence that can explain gain a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | MicroRNA-Gene Association As a Prognostic Biomarker in Cancer Exposes Disease Mechanisms |
Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have identified hundreds of SNPs responsible for variation in human quantitative traits . However , genome-wide-significant associations often fail to replicate across independent cohorts , in apparent inconsistency with their apparent strong effects in discovery cohorts . This ... | The majority of associations between common genetic variation and human traits come from genome-wide association studies , which have analyzed millions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in millions of samples . These kinds of studies pose serious statistical challenges to discovering new associations . Finite resource... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"replication",
"studies",
"quantitative",
"traits",
"research",
"design",
"genomic",
"databases",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"test",
"statistics",
"genome",
"analysis",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"... | 2017 | Statistical correction of the Winner’s Curse explains replication variability in quantitative trait genome-wide association studies |
The mechanisms linking guidance receptors to cytoskeletal dynamics in the growth cone during axon extension remain mysterious . The Rho-family GTPases Rac and CDC-42 are key regulators of growth cone lamellipodia and filopodia formation , yet little is understood about how these molecules interact in growth cone outgro... | Axons extend great distances to make precise synaptic connections in the developing nervous system . Axons are guided to their targets by the growth cone , a dynamic structure at the axon distal tip that senses extracellular cues telling the axon where to go . In response to guidance cues , growth cones alter their sha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | The Rac GTP Exchange Factor TIAM-1 Acts with CDC-42 and the Guidance Receptor UNC-40/DCC in Neuronal Protrusion and Axon Guidance |
T cell defect is a common feature in lepromatous or borderline lepromatous leprosy ( LL/BL ) patients in contrast to tuberculoid or borderline tuberculoid type ( TT/BT ) patients . Tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by strong Th1-type cell response with localized lesions whereas lepromatous leprosy is hallmarked by i... | Polarized T cell response ( Th1/Th2 biased ) to Mycobacterium leprae ( M . leprae ) is believed to be a critical element in the pathogenesis of leprosy and its varied clinical manifestations . However , immune response at the pathologic sites of leprosy is an extremely complex process , particularly in the light of rec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Reciprocity between Regulatory T Cells and Th17 Cells: Relevance to Polarized Immunity in Leprosy |
Assessment of the safety and efficacy of a 10-day melarsoprol schedule in second stage T . b . rhodesiense patients and the effect of suramin-pretreatment on the incidence of encephalopathic syndrome ( ES ) during melarsoprol therapy . Sequential conduct of a proof-of-concept trial ( n = 60 ) and a utilization study ( ... | Human African Trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) is a parasitic disease that occurs in a chronic form caused by T . b . gambiense in West and Central Africa and in an acute form caused by T . b . rhodesiense in East and South Africa . In the first stage of the disease parasites are detectable in blood and lymph . Once they enter ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"phase",
"ii",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"population",
"biology",
"infectiou... | 2012 | Safety and Efficacy of the 10-Day Melarsoprol Schedule for the Treatment of Second Stage Rhodesiense Sleeping Sickness |
In the framework of the monitoring and evaluation of the Nigerien schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth control programme , a follow-up of children took place in eight sentinel sites . The objective of the study was to assess the evolution of Schistosoma haematobium infection and anaemia in schoolchildren after... | The World Health Organization's recommendation for the control of urinary schistosomiasis is to reduce morbidity by reducing the prevalence of heavy infections . In Niger , where urinary schistosomiasis is endemic along the Niger River valley and in proximity to ponds , a national control programme for schistosomiasis ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"hematology/anemias",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infect... | 2008 | Controlling Schistosomiasis: Significant Decrease of Anaemia Prevalence One Year after a Single Dose of Praziquantel in Nigerien Schoolchildren |
Successful replication and transmission of large DNA viruses such as the cytomegaloviruses ( CMV ) family of viruses depends on the ability to interfere with multiple aspects of the host immune response . Apoptosis functions as a host innate defence mechanism against viral infection , and the capacity to interfere with... | The cytomegaloviruses ( CMV ) are a family of viruses that establish a latent infection that lasts for the life of the host , with the virus able to reactivate when the host is immunosuppressed . We have used murine CMV ( MCMV ) as a model to understand how CMV interferes with the anti-viral immune response . Apoptosis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"cell",
"death",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"cell",
"biology",
"cytomegalovirus",
"infection",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | MCMV-mediated Inhibition of the Pro-apoptotic Bak Protein Is Required for Optimal In Vivo Replication |
Estrogen therapy increases the risk of ovarian cancer and exogenous estradiol accelerates the onset of ovarian cancer in mouse models . Both in vivo and in vitro , ovarian surface epithelial ( OSE ) cells exposed to estradiol develop a subpopulation that loses cell polarity , contact inhibition , and forms multi-layere... | Women who take estrogen replacement therapy are at higher risk of developing ovarian cancer . When ovarian epithelial cells are exposed to estrogen , there is a heterogeneous cellular response , with some cells appearing unaffected , while others become disorganized and grow at accelerated rates consistent with pre-can... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"dysplasia",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"statistics",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"hormones",
"oncology",
"multivariate",
"analysis",
"histochemistry",
"and",
"cytochemistry",
"technique... | 2018 | Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals transcriptional dynamics of estrogen-induced dysplasia in the ovarian surface epithelium |
The control of schistosomiasis emphasizes preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel , which aims at decreasing infection intensity and thus morbidity in individuals , as well as transmission in communities . Standardizing methods to assess treatment efficacy is important to compare trial outcomes across settings , and ... | To identify whether a person is infected with parasitic worms , stool or urine samples are examined for worm eggs . The drug praziquantel is used against the parasitic disease schistosomiasis . However , there is no definitive agreement as to how the efficacy of praziquantel is best expressed . We put together a databa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Toward Measuring Schistosoma Response to Praziquantel Treatment with Appropriate Descriptors of Egg Excretion |
IFITMs are broad antiviral factors that block incoming virions in endosomal vesicles , protecting target cells from infection . In the case of HIV-1 , we and others reported the existence of an additional antiviral mechanism through which IFITMs lead to the production of virions of reduced infectivity . However , wheth... | IFITMs are interferon-regulated proteins that inhibit a broad range of viruses . Until recently , IFITMs had been described to arrest incoming viral particles in target cells , by inducing their retention in endosomal vesicles . More recently in the case of HIV-1 , ours and other laboratories have highlighted the exist... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"flow",
"cytometry",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"virus",
"vesicular",
"stomatitis",
"virus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodefic... | 2017 | Interference with the production of infectious viral particles and bimodal inhibition of replication are broadly conserved antiviral properties of IFITMs |
In most species , crossovers ( COs ) are essential for the accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes at the first meiotic division . Their number and location are tightly regulated . Here , we report a detailed , genome-wide characterization of the rate and localization of COs in Arabidopsis thaliana , in male and... | Reciprocal exchanges of genetic material ( crossovers ) between homologous chromosomes ensure their proper segregation to generate gametes . Their number and location along chromosomes are tightly regulated . We localized precisely the position of 13 , 535 crossovers in more than 3 , 000 plants of Arabidopsis thaliana ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | Genome-Wide Crossover Distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana Meiosis Reveals Sex-Specific Patterns along Chromosomes |
To extend the understanding of host genetic determinants of HIV-1 control , we performed a genome-wide association study in a cohort of 2 , 554 infected Caucasian subjects . The study was powered to detect common genetic variants explaining down to 1 . 3% of the variability in viral load at set point . We provide overw... | The ability to spontaneously control HIV-1 upon infection is highly variable between individuals . To evaluate the contribution of variation in human genes to differences in plasma viral load and in disease progression rates , we performed a genome-wide association study in >2 , 500 HIV–infected individuals . This stud... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"immunology/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"infecti... | 2009 | Common Genetic Variation and the Control of HIV-1 in Humans |
Ongoing Cryptococcus gattii outbreaks in the Western United States and Canada illustrate the impact of environmental reservoirs and both clonal and recombining propagation in driving emergence and expansion of microbial pathogens . C . gattii comprises four distinct molecular types: VGI , VGII , VGIII , and VGIV , with... | The environmentally-acquired human pathogen C . gattii is responsible for ongoing and expanding outbreaks in the Western United States and Canada . C . gattii comprises four distinct molecular types: VGI , VGII , VGIII , and VGIV . Molecular types VGI , VGII , and VGIII have been isolated from patients and animals thro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Cryptococcus gattii VGIII Isolates Causing Infections in HIV/AIDS Patients in Southern California: Identification of the Local Environmental Source as Arboreal |
Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2 ( NMNAT2 ) is neuroprotective in numerous preclinical models of neurodegeneration . Here , we show that brain nmnat2 mRNA levels correlate positively with global cognitive function and negatively with AD pathology . In AD brains , NMNAT2 mRNA and protein levels are red... | Pathological protein aggregates are found in many neurodegenerative diseases , and it has been hypothesized that these protein aggregates are toxic and cause neuronal death . Little is known about how neurons protect against pathological protein aggregates to maintain their health . Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"colorimetric",
"assays",
"cognitive",
"neurology",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"enzymes",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"neuroscience",
"phosphatases",
"biochemical",
"analy... | 2016 | NMNAT2:HSP90 Complex Mediates Proteostasis in Proteinopathies |
Kaposi’s sarcoma ( KS ) -associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is a gammaherpesvirus etiologically associated with KS , a highly disseminated angiogenic tumor of hyperproliferative spindle endothelial cells . KSHV encodes 25 mature microRNAs but their roles in KSHV-induced tumor dissemination and angiogenesis remain unknown ... | Kaposi’s Sarcoma ( KS ) , caused by infection of Kaposi’s sarcoma ( KS ) -associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) , is a tumor of endothelial cells characterized by angiogenesis and invasiveness . In vitro , KSHV-infected endothelial cells display an increased invasiveness and angiogenicity . KSHV encodes twelve precursor miRN... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cardiovascular",
"physiology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"endothelial",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"enzymes",
"microbiology",
"cancers",
"an... | 2016 | The SH3BGR/STAT3 Pathway Regulates Cell Migration and Angiogenesis Induced by a Gammaherpesvirus MicroRNA |
There are few detailed data on the geographic distribution of most neglected tropical diseases ( NTDs ) in post-conflict Southern Sudan . To guide intervention by the recently established national programme for integrated NTD control , we conducted an integrated prevalence survey for schistosomiasis , soil-transmitted ... | Integrated control of neglected tropical diseases ( NTDs ) is being scaled up in a number of developing countries , because it is thought to be more cost-effective than stand-alone control programmes . Under this approach , treatments for onchocerciasis , lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) , schistosomiasis , soil-transmitted... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/preventive",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2009 | Integrated Mapping of Neglected Tropical Diseases: Epidemiological Findings and Control Implications for Northern Bahr-el-Ghazal State, Southern Sudan |
RNA polymerases frequently deal with a number of obstacles during transcription elongation that need to be removed for transcription resumption . One important type of hindrance consists of DNA lesions , which are removed by transcription-coupled repair ( TC-NER ) , a specific sub-pathway of nucleotide excision repair ... | Dealing with DNA lesions is one of the most important tasks of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells . This is particularly relevant for damage occurring inside genes , in the DNA strands that are actively transcribed , because transcription cannot proceed through a damaged site and the persisting lesion can cause eith... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"molecular",
"biology/transcription",
"elongation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"repair"
] | 2009 | Genome-Wide Analysis of Factors Affecting Transcription Elongation and DNA Repair: A New Role for PAF and Ccr4-Not in Transcription-Coupled Repair |
Bovine tuberculosis , bTB , is classified by the WHO as one of the seven neglected zoonontic diseases that cause animal health problems and has high potential to infect humans . In the West Bank , bTB was not studied among animals and the prevalence of human tuberculosis caused by M . bovis is unknown . Therefore , the... | Bovine tuberculosis ( caused by Mycobacterium bovis ) is a zoonotic disease causing major public health concerns . Animals , both wild and domestic , tested positive to bovine tuberculosis are being slaughtered and the affected herds are placed under temporary movement restrictions . Hence , bTB can have strong economi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | First-Time Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in Livestock Tissues and Milk in the West Bank, Palestinian Territories |
We compare the properties of this mixed models approach with nonparametric method GSEA and parametric method PAGE using a simulation study , and illustrate its application with a diabetes data set and a dose-response data set .
To help increase power to detect microarray differential expression and to better interpret ... | In microarray data analysis , when statistical testing is applied to each gene individually , one is often left with too many significant genes that are difficult to interpret or too few genes after a multiple comparison adjustment . Gene-class , or pathway-level testing , integrates gene annotation data such as Gene O... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"genetics",
"computational",
"biology/metabolic",
"networks",
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"networks"
] | 2008 | An Integrated Approach for the Analysis of Biological Pathways using Mixed Models |
Exposure of Entamoeba histolytica to specific ligands induces cell polarization via the activation of signalling pathways and cytoskeletal elements . The process leads to formation of a protruding pseudopod at the front of the cell and a retracting uropod at the rear . In the present study , we show that the uropod for... | Uropods are membrane folds formed at the rear of moving cells , e . g . lymphocytes during immune responses and the amoebic parasite Entamoeba histolytica during amoebiasis . Previous studies showed some surface receptors of E . histolytica , e . g . the Gal/GalNAc lectin , which is involved in adhesion , undergo cappi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/extra-cellular",
"matrix",
"cell",
"biology/leukocyte",
"signaling",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"cell",
"biology/cytoskeleton"
] | 2011 | A Proteomic and Cellular Analysis of Uropods in the Pathogen Entamoeba histolytica |
13C metabolic flux analysis ( 13C-MFA ) has been widely used to measure in vivo enzyme reaction rates ( i . e . , metabolic flux ) in microorganisms . Mining the relationship between environmental and genetic factors and metabolic fluxes hidden in existing fluxomic data will lead to predictive models that can significa... | Metabolic information is important for disease treatment , bioprocess optimization , environmental remediation , biogeochemical cycle regulation , and our understanding of life’s origin and evolution . 13C-MFA can quantify microbial physiology at the level of metabolic reaction rates . To speed up microbial characteriz... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"machine",
"learning",
"algorithms",
"protein",
"metabolism",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"ketones",
"carbohydrates",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"glucose",
"metabolism",
"pyruvate",
... | 2016 | Rapid Prediction of Bacterial Heterotrophic Fluxomics Using Machine Learning and Constraint Programming |
Neuroblastoma is a malignant neoplasm of the developing sympathetic nervous system that is notable for its phenotypic diversity . High-risk patients typically have widely disseminated disease at diagnosis and a poor survival probability , but low-risk patients frequently have localized tumors that are almost always cur... | Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor outside the central nervous system and is accountable for 10% of the mortality rate of all children's cancers . It has distinctive clinical behaviors and is categorized into different risk groups: high-risk , intermediate-risk , and low-risk . Genome-wide association studies... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"genomics",
"pediatric",
"oncology",
"pediatrics",
"and",
"child",
"health",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"pediatrics"
] | 2011 | Phenotype Restricted Genome-Wide Association Study Using a Gene-Centric Approach Identifies Three Low-Risk Neuroblastoma Susceptibility Loci |
Dengue viruses circulate in both human and sylvatic cycles . Although dengue viruses ( DENV ) infecting humans can cause major epidemics and severe disease , relatively little is known about the epidemiology and etiology of sylvatic dengue viruses . A 20-year-old male developed dengue hemorrhagic fever ( DHF ) with thr... | Dengue viruses are mosquito-borne RNA viruses that cause a spectrum of illness from mild disease to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever ( DHF ) . Dengue viruses exist in two separate cycles in nature , circulating in either non-human primates or humans . The viruses that are endemic in humans today most likely ev... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2009 | Dengue Virus Serotype 2 from a Sylvatic Lineage Isolated from a Patient with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever |
Leishmania ( L . ) are intracellular protozoan parasites able to survive and replicate in the hostile phagolysosomal environment of infected macrophages . They cause leishmaniasis , a heterogeneous group of worldwide-distributed affections , representing a paradigm of neglected diseases that are mainly embedded in impo... | Leishmania parasites belong to different species , each one characterized by specific vectors and reservoirs , and causes cutaneous or visceral disease ( s ) of variable clinical presentation and severity . In its mammalian host , the parasite is an obligate intracellular pathogen infecting the monocyte/macrophage line... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | MicroRNA Expression Profile in Human Macrophages in Response to Leishmania major Infection |
Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . It affects several million people , mainly in Latin America , and severe cardiac and/or digestive complications occur in ~30% of the chronically infected patients . Disease acute stage is mostly asymptomatic and infection goes undiagnosed . In the chronic pha... | Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . It affects 6–7 million people , mainly in Latin America . An initial asymptomatic phase make the infection go undiagnosed and untreated , silently progressing into its chronic stage . About 30% of the chronically infected patients... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunologic",
"tec... | 2017 | Rapid diagnostic tests duo as alternative to conventional serological assays for conclusive Chagas disease diagnosis |
Rapid cell growth demands fast protein translational elongation to alleviate ribosome shortage . However , speedy elongation undermines translational accuracy because of a mechanistic tradeoff . Here we provide genomic evidence in budding yeast and mouse embryonic stem cells that the efficiency–accuracy conflict is all... | Protein synthesis by ribosomal translation is a vital cellular process , but our understanding of its regulation has been poor . Because the number of ribosomes in the cell is limited , rapid growth relies on fast translational elongation . The accuracy of translation must also be maintained , and in an ideal scenario ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"cell",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"genetics"
] | 2014 | Codon-by-Codon Modulation of Translational Speed and Accuracy Via mRNA Folding |
Human APOBEC3 proteins are cytidine deaminases that contribute broadly to innate immunity through the control of exogenous retrovirus replication and endogenous retroelement retrotransposition . As an intrinsic antiretroviral defense mechanism , APOBEC3 proteins induce extensive guanosine-to-adenosine ( G-to-A ) mutage... | Cytidine deaminases of the human APOBEC3 gene family act as an intrinsic defense mechanism against infection with HIV-1 and other viruses . The APOBEC3 proteins introduce mutations into the viral genome by inducing enzymatic modification of nucleotide sequences and inhibiting synthesis of cDNA strands from the viral RN... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunity",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"viral",
"pathogens",
"virology",
"microbial",
"path... | 2014 | Human APOBEC3 Induced Mutation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Contributes to Adaptation and Evolution in Natural Infection |
Turnovers of sex-determining systems represent important diversifying forces across eukaryotes . Shifts in sex chromosomes—but conservation of the master sex-determining genes—characterize distantly related animal lineages . Yet in plants , in which separate sexes have evolved repeatedly and sex chromosomes are typical... | Sex chromosomes frequently restructure themselves during organismal evolution , often becoming highly differentiated . This dynamic process is poorly understood for most taxa , especially during the early stages typical of many dioecious flowering plants . We show that in wild strawberries , a female-specific region of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Conclusion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"z",
"chromosomes",
"sequence",
"assembly",
"tools",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"genome",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"sex",
"chromosomes",
"genomics",
"sequence",
"alignment",
"bioinformatics... | 2018 | Repeated translocation of a gene cassette drives sex-chromosome turnover in strawberries |
The computational detection of regulatory elements in DNA is a difficult but important problem impacting our progress in understanding the complex nature of eukaryotic gene regulation . Attempts to utilize cross-species conservation for this task have been hampered both by evolutionary changes of functional sites and p... | The computational detection of regulatory elements in DNA is a difficult but important problem for decoding eukaryotic gene regulation . Increasing sequence data has made it possible to utilize related genomes , but this is not as straightforward as it may seem , as the evolution of noncoding regulatory regions is rela... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"computational",
"biology/comparative",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"evolutionary"... | 2010 | Modeling the Evolution of Regulatory Elements by Simultaneous Detection and Alignment with Phylogenetic Pair HMMs |
Mosquito vectors lay their white eggs in the aquatic milieu . During early embryogenesis water passes freely through the transparent eggshell , which at this moment is composed of exochorion and endochorion . Within two hours the endochorion darkens via melanization but even so eggs shrink and perish if removed from mo... | Mosquitoes transmit various causative agents of diseases and the blockage of vector life cycle is an effective way to hamper disease transmission . The egg is the least known life stage and understanding it can contribute with novel strategies for mosquito control . Mosquitoes lay eggs in water collections , some of wh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"laboratory",
"equipment",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"pigments",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"materials",
"science",
"filter",
"paper",
"insect",
"vectors",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"aedes",
... | 2017 | Darker eggs of mosquitoes resist more to dry conditions: Melanin enhances serosal cuticle contribution in egg resistance to desiccation in Aedes, Anopheles and Culex vectors |
Entamoeba histolytica ( Eh ) is an extracellular protozoan parasite of humans that invades the colon to cause life-threatening intestinal and extra-intestinal amebiasis . Colonized Eh is asymptomatic , however , when trophozoites adhere to host cells there is a considerable inflammatory response that is critical in the... | Amebiasis caused by the enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is among the three top causes of death from parasitic infections worldwide , as a result of amebic colitis ( dysentery ) and liver or brain abscess . When Eh invades the intestinal barrier and contacts host tissue there is a profound inflammatory ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The NLRP3 Inflammasome Is a Pathogen Sensor for Invasive Entamoeba histolytica via Activation of α5β1 Integrin at the Macrophage-Amebae Intercellular Junction |
Once translocated into the cytosol of target cells , the catalytic domain ( AC ) of the adenylate cyclase toxin ( CyaA ) , a major virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis , is potently activated by binding calmodulin ( CaM ) to produce supraphysiological levels of cAMP , inducing cell death . Using a combination of sm... | Calmodulin is a widespread and highly conserved protein that interacts with a wide variety of eukaryotic proteins and enzymes , controlling their activities in response to calcium . The adenylate cyclase toxin ( CyaA ) of Bordetella pertussis , the causative agent of whooping cough , is one such calmodulin target . Onc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"crystal",
"structure",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"enzymology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"toxicology",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"lyases",
"sequence",
"moti... | 2017 | Calmodulin fishing with a structurally disordered bait triggers CyaA catalysis |
Here we have identified HIV-1 B clade Envelope ( Env ) amino acid signatures from early in infection that may be favored at transmission , as well as patterns of recurrent mutation in chronic infection that may reflect common pathways of immune evasion . To accomplish this , we compared thousands of sequences derived b... | A single virus most often establishes HIV-1 infection . As a consequence , virus sampled early in infection is usually very homogeneous . A few months into the infection , the virus begins to accumulate mutations as it evolves to evade HIV-specific immune responses mounted by the infected host . During chronic infectio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"glycoproteins",
"glycobiology"
] | 2011 | Recurrent Signature Patterns in HIV-1 B Clade Envelope Glycoproteins Associated with either Early or Chronic Infections |
Determining how genetic variation alters the expression of heritable phenotypes across conditions is important for agriculture , evolution , and medicine . Central to this problem is the concept of genotype-by-environment interaction ( or ‘GxE’ ) , which occurs when segregating genetic variation causes individuals to s... | Individuals’ phenotypes are often determined through interactions between their genotypes and the environment ( or ‘GxE’ ) . Despite substantial research on this topic , the underlying causes of GxE are not fully understood . This stems , in part , from the fact that most mapping studies focused on GxE do not define ho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"alleles",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"genetic",
"engineering",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"artificial",
"gene",
"amplification",
"and",
"extension",
... | 2016 | Multi-locus Genotypes Underlying Temperature Sensitivity in a Mutationally Induced Trait |
Natural killer T ( NKT ) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes with potent immunoregulatory properties . Recognition of self-antigens presented by CD1d molecules is an important route of NKT cell activation; however , the molecular identity of specific autoantigens that stimulate human NKT cells remains unclear . Here , ... | A central tenet of immunology is that cellular responses that protect us from pathogens result from molecular recognition of foreign compounds ( antigens ) . The role of self-antigens in immune activation is less clear . We show here that an endogenous lipid called lyso-phosphatidylcholine ( LPC ) is recognized as an a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"immunology/leukocyte",
"activation",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2009 | Recognition of Lyso-Phospholipids by Human Natural Killer T Lymphocytes |
With approximately 3 billion people at risk of acquiring the infection , dengue fever is now considered the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in the world , with 390 million dengue infections occurring every year , of which 96 million manifest symptoms with any level of disease severity . Treatment of uncompl... | Caused by four antigenically related but distinct serotypes a tetravalent vaccine is needed to protect against the huge burden of dengue disease . Dengvaxia is a vaccine candidate now licensed in several countries for individuals 9–45 years of age living in endemic countries with at least 50% ( preferably 70% ) of sero... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"demography",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"ethnicities",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"neglected",
"tropica... | 2016 | The Impact of the Newly Licensed Dengue Vaccine in Endemic Countries |
The RNA world hypothesis views modern organisms as descendants of RNA molecules . The earliest RNA molecules must have been random sequences , from which the first genomes that coded for polymerase ribozymes emerged . The quasispecies theory by Eigen predicts the existence of an error threshold limiting genomic stabili... | A leading hypothesis for the origin of life describes a prebiotic world where RNA molecules started carrying genetic information for catalyzing their own replication . This origin of biological information is akin to the crystallization of ice from water , where ‘order’ emerges from ‘disorder . ’ What does the science ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"physical",
"chemistry"
] | 2012 | Thermodynamic Basis for the Emergence of Genomes during Prebiotic Evolution |
Canine leishmaniasis is an important zoonosis caused by uncontrolled infection with Leishmania infantum , where an inappropriate immune response is not only responsible for permitting this intracellular parasite to multiply , but is also responsible for several of the pathological processes seen in this disease . Effec... | Canine leishmaniasis is caused by uncontrolled infection with Leishmania infantum . The dog is also the principle reservoir of this parasite which can infect humans . The key determinant of the outcome of infection is the ability of the dog's immune system to respond appropriately . This should be mainly cell-mediated ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"veterinary",
"immunology",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"veterinary",
"parasitology",
"veterinary",
"microbiology",
"immunity",
"leishmaniasis",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"vaccination",
"and",
"immunization",
"veterinary",
"science",
"par... | 2014 | A Randomised, Double-Blind, Controlled Efficacy Trial of the LiESP/QA-21 Vaccine in Naïve Dogs Exposed to Two Leishmania infantum Transmission Seasons |
For modern biology , precise genome annotations are of prime importance , as they allow the accurate definition of genic regions . We employ state-of-the-art machine learning methods to assay and improve the accuracy of the genome annotation of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . The proposed machine learning system ... | Eukaryotic genes contain introns , which are intervening sequences that are excised from a gene transcript with the concomitant ligation of flanking segments called exons . The process of removing introns is called splicing . It involves biochemical mechanisms that to date are too complex to be modeled comprehensively ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"nematodes",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Improving the Caenorhabditis elegans Genome Annotation Using Machine Learning |
Both equilibrium and nonequilibrium factors influence the efficacy of pharmaceutical agents that target intermediate states of biochemical reactions . We explored the intermediate state inhibition of gp41 , part of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein complex ( Env ) that promotes viral entry through membrane fusion . This ... | Blocking HIV-1 entry into host cells is a viable strategy to prevent viral infection . Entry is mediated by viral surface proteins gp120 and gp41 , which undergo large structural changes upon encountering the host cell . One critical structural change involves the association of two distinct gp41 regions , denoted N-HR... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry/protein",
"folding",
"virology/antivirals,",
"including",
"modes",
"of",
"action",
"and",
"resistance",
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"biochemistry/biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"... | 2009 | Asymmetric Deactivation of HIV-1 gp41 following Fusion Inhibitor Binding |
Operational Taxonomic Units ( OTUs ) , usually defined as clusters of similar 16S/18S rRNA sequences , are the most widely used basic diversity units in large-scale characterizations of microbial communities . However , it remains unclear how well the various proposed OTU clustering algorithms approximate ‘true’ microb... | To characterize the composition of microbial communities , researchers often sequence and quantify specific marker genes , particularly the SSU ( ‘small subunit’ ) ribosomal RNA gene . One crucial step in such studies is the clustering of sequences into Operational Taxonomic Units ( OTUs ) of closely related organisms ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"theoretical",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Ecological Consistency of SSU rRNA-Based Operational Taxonomic Units at a Global Scale |
Gene expression variation is a major contributor to phenotypic diversity within species and is thought to play an important role in adaptation . However , examples of adaptive regulatory polymorphism are rare , especially those that have been characterized at both the molecular genetic level and the organismal level . ... | Much of the phenotypic variation that is observed within species is thought to be caused by variation in gene expression . Variants within cis-regulatory elements , which affect the expression of nearby genes within the same DNA strand , are thought to be an abundant resource upon which natural selection can act . Unde... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"reporter",
"genes",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"experimen... | 2018 | Functional characterization of adaptive variation within a cis-regulatory element influencing Drosophila melanogaster growth |
Autism Spectrum Disorders ( ASD ) are highly heritable and characterised by impairments in social interaction and communication , and restricted and repetitive behaviours . Considering four sets of de novo copy number variants ( CNVs ) identified in 181 individuals with autism and exploiting mouse functional genomics a... | Autism Spectrum Disorders ( ASD ) are characterised by impairments in social interaction and communication , and restricted and repetitive behaviours . ASD are highly heritable and many different stretches of DNA have been found to be duplicated or deleted in individuals with ASD . We found that an unusually high numbe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"genetic",
"networks",
"functional",
"genomics",
"protein",
"interactions",
"biology",
"genomics",
"proteomics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Network Topologies and Convergent Aetiologies Arising from Deletions and Duplications Observed in Individuals with Autism |
Antibiotics need to be effective in diverse environments in vivo . However , the pathogen microenvironment can have a significant impact on antibiotic potency . Further , antibiotics are increasingly used in combinations to combat resistance , yet , the effect of microenvironments on drug-combination efficacy is unknow... | The antibiotic resistance epidemic has created a pressing need to understand factors that influence antibiotic efficacy . An often-overlooked factor in the search for new treatments is the pathogen environment . Understanding the differences in pathogen sensitivity to antibiotics in lab conditions versus inside the hos... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"monomers",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"carbohydrates",
"glucose",
"metabolism",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"antibiotics",
"ph... | 2018 | Chemogenomic model identifies synergistic drug combinations robust to the pathogen microenvironment |
Previous works showed that immunization with saliva from Lutzomyia intermedia , a vector of Leishmania braziliensis , does not protect against experimental infection . However , L . braziliensis is also transmitted by Lutzomyia whitmani , a sand fly species closely related to Lu . intermedia . Herein we describe the im... | The saliva from sand flies contains biologically active proteins that permit the insect to obtain a blood meal . When vertebrates are continuously exposed to these molecules , through insect biting , for example , they induce an immune response ( antibody and cell-mediated immunity ) in the vertebrate host . Previously... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immune",
"physiology",
"ears",
"immunology",
"sand",
"flies",
"saliva",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"protozoans",
"leishmania",
"antibodies",
"insect",
"... | 2016 | Immunity to Lutzomyia whitmani Saliva Protects against Experimental Leishmania braziliensis Infection |
Theoretical accounts suggest that an alteration in the brain’s learning mechanisms might lead to overhasty inferences , resulting in psychotic symptoms . Here , we sought to elucidate the suggested link between maladaptive learning and psychosis . Ninety-eight healthy individuals with varying degrees of delusional idea... | Predictive coding theories represent a unifying account of psychosis , stating that the central psychosis-related alteration affects the interplay between prior predictions and incoming information . Since every incoming information is imprecise and potentially allows for different interpretations , prior expectations ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"learning",
"psychoses",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"animals",
"osteichthyes",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"aquatic",
"environment... | 2017 | Psychotic Experiences and Overhasty Inferences Are Related to Maladaptive Learning |
Regret can be defined as the subjective experience of recognizing that one has made a mistake and that a better alternative could have been selected . The experience of regret is thought to carry negative utility . This typically takes two distinct forms: augmenting immediate postregret valuations to make up for losses... | Regret describes a unique postdecision phenomenon in which losses are realized as a fault of one’s own actions . Regret is often hypothesized to have an inherent negative utility , and humans will often incur costs so as to avoid the risk of future regret . However , current models of nonhuman decision-making are based... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"learning",
"decision",
"making",
"reaction",
"time",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"mice",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"animals",
"mammals",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"animal",
"behavior",
"cognition",
"zoology",
"f... | 2018 | Mice learn to avoid regret |
We report the use of an ex vivo precision cut liver slice ( PCLS ) mouse model for studying hepatic schistosomiasis . In this system , liver tissue is unfixed , unfrozen , and alive for maintenance in culture and subsequent molecular analysis . Using thick naive mouse liver tissue and sterile culture conditions , the a... | Schistosomiasis is a major disease of humans caused by schistosome blood flukes . One of the primary sites of pathology is the liver of the infected host , and it is caused by the deposition of parasite eggs leading to an immune-fibrotic response . We have used an animal tissue model for this disease , where slices of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | An Ex Vivo Model for Studying Hepatic Schistosomiasis and the Effect of Released Protein from Dying Eggs |
Soil-transmitted helminthes ( STHs ) are common human parasitic diseases in most of the developing world particularly in Kenya . The ongoing National School-Based Deworming Programme ( NSBDP ) was launched in 2012 and is currently targeting 28 of the 47 endemic Counties . In an effort to improve treatment intervention ... | Soil-transmitted helminthes commonly known as worms , form part of the Neglected tropical diseases which are associated with substantial acute and chronic morbidity , particularly among children . Hookworm occurs throughout most of the country , with areas of highest prevalence being found in South-Western Kenya and th... | [
"Abstract",
"Background",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Study",
"limitation",
"Conclusions",
"and",
"recommendations"
] | [
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"physiological",
"processes",
"age",
"groups",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"pharmaceutics",
"eating... | 2017 | Knowledge, practices and perceptions of geo-helminthes infection among parents of pre-school age children of coastal region, Kenya |
Drosophila NURF is an ISWI–containing chromatin remodeling complex that catalyzes ATP–dependent nucleosome sliding . By sliding nucleosomes , NURF can alter chromatin structure and regulate transcription . NURF301/BPTF is the only NURF–specific subunit of NURF and is instrumental in recruiting the complex to target gen... | Changes in nucleosome dynamics have a profound effect on DNA transactions such as transcription , replication , and repair . Altered chromatin states can be induced by post-translational modification of the histone tails or energy-dependent nucleosome sliding mediated by ATP–dependent chromatin remodeling factors . Her... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2009 | Alternative Splicing of NURF301 Generates Distinct NURF Chromatin Remodeling Complexes with Altered Modified Histone Binding Specificities |
The evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks has thus far mostly been studied at the level of cis-regulatory elements . To gain a complete understanding of regulatory network evolution we must also study the evolutionary role of trans-factors , such as transcription factors ( TFs ) . Here , we systematically as... | Transcription factors ( TFs ) are proteins which regulate the expression of genes by interacting with DNA . Mutations in TF protein sequences can affect the expression levels of regulated genes throughout evolution . In this study , we look into the factors which cause the different TFs in baker's yeast to be more or l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"genomics",
"adaptation",
"genome",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"coevolution",
"regulatory",
"networks",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"selection",
"evolutionary",
"processes"
] | 2012 | Regulatory Network Structure as a Dominant Determinant of Transcription Factor Evolutionary Rate |
MOV10 protein , a putative RNA helicase and component of the RNA–induced silencing complex ( RISC ) , inhibits retrovirus replication . We show that MOV10 also severely restricts human LINE1 ( L1 ) , Alu , and SVA retrotransposons . MOV10 associates with the L1 ribonucleoprotein particle , along with other RNA helicase... | LINE1s , the only active autonomous mobile DNA in humans , occupy at least 17% of our genome . It is believed that about 100 L1s are potentially active in any individual diploid genome . The L1 has also been responsible for genomic insertion of processed pseudogenes and more than a million non-autonomous retrotransposo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2012 | MOV10 RNA Helicase Is a Potent Inhibitor of Retrotransposition in Cells |
Human herpesviruses are antigenically rich agents that induce strong CD8+T cell responses in primary infection yet persist for life , continually challenging T cell memory through recurrent lytic replication and potentially influencing the spectrum of antigen-specific responses . Here we describe the first lytic proteo... | Herpesviruses are carried by most people as lifelong asymptomatic infections but become life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals . This reflects the crucial role of T cells , especially CD8+ killer T cells , in controlling these agents . EBV is arguably the most pathogenic of the human herpesviruses , with pri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"antigen",
"presentation",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cytotoxic",
"t",
"cells",
"immune",
"system",
"proteins",
"white",
"blood",
... | 2018 | Proteome-wide analysis of CD8+ T cell responses to EBV reveals differences between primary and persistent infection |
Cortical control of neuroprosthetic devices is known to require neuronal adaptations . It remains unclear whether a stable cortical representation for prosthetic function can be stored and recalled in a manner that mimics our natural recall of motor skills . Especially in light of the mixed evidence for a stationary ne... | Brain–machine interfaces ( BMIs ) have the potential to revolutionize the care of neurologically impaired patients . Numerous studies have now shown the feasibility of direct “brain control” of a neuroprosthetic device , yet it remains unclear whether the neural representation for prosthetic control can become consolid... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/motor",
"systems"
] | 2009 | Emergence of a Stable Cortical Map for Neuroprosthetic Control |
Loss of function mutations of Kif7 , the vertebrate orthologue of the Drosophila Hh pathway component Costal2 , cause defects in the limbs and neural tubes of mice , attributable to ectopic expression of Hh target genes . While this implies a functional conservation of Cos2 and Kif7 between flies and vertebrates , the ... | Hedgehog ( Hh ) proteins activate one of a handful of signaling pathways that orchestrate the development of animal embryos , controlling cell type specification , proliferation and survival in a variety of contexts . In Drosophila , the Cos2 protein plays a key role in modulating the response of cells to Hh signaling ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Positive and Negative Regulation of Gli Activity by Kif7 in the Zebrafish Embryo |
Taenia solium cysticercosis is a public health and agricultural problem in many low and middle-income countries where health education , sanitation , pig management practices and meat inspection infrastructure are insufficient . Cysticercosis affects both human and animal health and has important economic consequences ... | Taenia solium cysticercosis is a parasitic disease , which can be transmitted between humans and pigs in areas of the world where pigs are raised in a traditional manner and latrines are not always used by the local population . Because cysticercosis affects humans and pigs , it is important to assess how much this inf... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"secondary",
"headaches",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"mammals",
"migraine",
"headaches",
"health",
"care",
... | 2019 | The monetary burden of cysticercosis in Mexico |
Cumulative psychophysical evidence suggests that the shape of closed contours is analysed by means of their radial frequency components ( RFC ) . However , neurophysiological evidence for RFC-based representations is still missing . We investigated the representation of radial frequency in the human visual cortex with ... | Current views suggest that neural representations of the visual environment are built from combinations of basis functions . For low-level visual feature analysis these basis functions are relatively well understood . It is not yet known , however , how primary visual features are combined into higher-level representat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | Radial Frequency Analysis of Contour Shapes in the Visual Cortex |
8-oxo-7 , 8-dihydroguanine ( 8-oxoG ) and 2 , 6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine ( FapyG ) are among the most common oxidative DNA lesions and are substrates for 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase ( OGG1 ) –initiated DNA base excision repair ( BER ) . Mammalian telomeres consist of triple guanine repeats and are subje... | It has been proposed that oxidative DNA damage compromises telomere integrity . However , neither the types nor the consequences of oxidative DNA damage in telomeres have been fully explored . Oxidative base lesions , especially 8-oxoG and FapyG are among the most common oxidative DNA damage . These guanine lesions are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"replication",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"biology/recombination",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"molecular",
"biology/chromosome",
"structure",
"gen... | 2010 | Characterization of Oxidative Guanine Damage and Repair in Mammalian Telomeres |
Humans have been shown to adapt to the temporal statistics of timing tasks so as to optimize the accuracy of their responses , in agreement with the predictions of Bayesian integration . This suggests that they build an internal representation of both the experimentally imposed distribution of time intervals ( the prio... | Human performance in a timing task depends on the context of recently experienced time intervals . In fact , people may use prior experience to improve their timing performance . Given the relevance of time for both sensing and acting in the world , how humans learn and represent temporal information is a fundamental q... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"motor",
"systems",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"psychophysics",
"biology",
"sensory",
"perception",
"neuroscience"
] | 2012 | Internal Representations of Temporal Statistics and Feedback Calibrate Motor-Sensory Interval Timing |
Food-borne nematodes of the genus Anisakis are responsible for a wide range of illnesses ( = anisakiasis ) , from self-limiting gastrointestinal forms to severe systemic allergic reactions , which are often misdiagnosed and under-reported . In order to enhance and refine current diagnostic tools for anisakiasis , knowl... | Nematodes within the genus Anisakis ( i . e . A . simplex and A . pegreffii , also known as herring worms ) are the causative agents of the fish-borne gastrointestinal illness known as ‘anisakiasis’ , with infections resulting in symptoms ranging from mild gastric forms to severe allergic reactions leading to urticaria... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"sequence",
"assembly",
"tools",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"clinical",
"medicine",... | 2016 | The Anisakis Transcriptome Provides a Resource for Fundamental and Applied Studies on Allergy-Causing Parasites |
In meiosis , programmed DNA breaks repaired by homologous recombination ( HR ) can be processed into inter-homolog crossovers that promote the accurate segregation of chromosomes . In general , more programmed DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) are formed than the number of inter-homolog crossovers , and the excess DSBs... | Sperm and oocytes are essential for the faithful transmission of genetic information during sexual reproduction . As germ cells mature into sperm and oocytes , DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) are deliberately created on each chromosome and a subset of DSBs is repaired to form meiotic crossovers between homologous chr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/germ",
"cells",
"molecular",
"biology/recombination",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology/chromosome",
"structure",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"repair"
] | 2010 | Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) Proteins Promote Homolog-Independent Recombination Repair in Meiosis Crucial for Germ Cell Genomic Stability |
Ankylosing spondylitis ( AS ) is a common inflammatory arthritic condition . Overt inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) occurs in about 10% of AS patients , and in addition 70% of AS cases may have subclinical terminal ileitis . Spondyloarthritis is also common in IBD patients . We therefore tested Crohn's disease suscep... | Ankylosing spondylitis is a common inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the spine and pelvis . The disease is highly heritable ( heritability>90% ) , and the major genetic allele for the disease , HLA-B27 , contributes approximately half the genetic risk for the condition . Ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"rheumatology/bone",
"and",
"mineral",
"metabolism"
] | 2010 | Association of Variants at 1q32 and STAT3 with Ankylosing Spondylitis Suggests Genetic Overlap with Crohn's Disease |
We aimed to investigate neurophysiological and clinical effects of common krait envenoming , including the time course and treatment response . Patients with definite common krait ( Bungarus caeruleus ) bites were recruited from a Sri Lankan hospital . All patients had serial neurological examinations and stimulated co... | Common krait bites cause muscular paralysis due to the venom disrupting communication between the nerves and muscles . This becomes life-threatening for the patient if there is paralysis of the muscles used for breathing . We studied the severity of paralysis , long term effects and the value of antivenom treatment in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"anesthesiology",
"vertebrates",
"neuromuscular",
"blockade",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"health",
"care",
"paralysis",
"... | 2016 | Neuromuscular Effects of Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) Envenoming in Sri Lanka |
Eukaryotes contain a diversified set of small RNA-guided pathways that control genes , repeated sequences , and viruses at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels . Genome-wide profiles and analyses of small RNAs , particularly the large class of 24-nucleotide ( nt ) short interfering RNAs ( siRNAs ) , were ... | The discovery of small RNA molecules that inactivate genes during normal growth and development or on invasion by viruses and other mobile genetic elements has profoundly altered our views about how genes are regulated . We set out to investigate the global patterns of small RNA formation and activity across the entire... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"plant",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Genome-Wide Profiling and Analysis of Arabidopsis siRNAs |
High-throughput data generation platforms , like mass-spectrometry , microarrays , and second-generation sequencing are susceptible to batch effects due to run-to-run variation in reagents , equipment , protocols , or personnel . Currently , batch correction methods are not commonly applied to microbiome sequencing dat... | Batch effects are obstacles to comparing results across studies . Traditional meta-analysis techniques for combining p-values from independent studies , like Fisher’s method , are effective but statistically conservative . If batch-effects can be corrected , then statistical tests can be performed on data pooled across... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbiome",
"microbiology",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"ulcerative",
"colitis",
"oncology",
"colitis",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
... | 2018 | Correcting for batch effects in case-control microbiome studies |
Activation of γ-globin gene expression in adults is known to be therapeutic for sickle cell disease . Thus , it follows that the converse , alleviation of repression , would be equally effective , since the net result would be the same: an increase in fetal hemoglobin . A GATA-1-FOG-1-Mi2 repressor complex was recently... | Sickle cell disease ( SCD ) is one of the most common genetic diseases , affecting millions of people worldwide . SCD affects red blood cells' shape and renders them ineffective , resulting in anemia along with attendant complications . The disease is caused by a single point mutation in the coding sequence of the adul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"animal",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"protein",
"interactions",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"dna",
"transcription",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"development",
"dna",
"rna",
"synthesis",
"epige... | 2012 | Mi2β Is Required for γ-Globin Gene Silencing: Temporal Assembly of a GATA-1-FOG-1-Mi2 Repressor Complex in β-YAC Transgenic Mice |
Reassortment , which is the exchange of genome sequence between viruses co-infecting a host cell , plays an important role in the evolution of segmented viruses . In the human influenza virus , reassortment happens most frequently between co-existing variants within the same lineage . This process breaks genetic linkag... | The genome of the human influenza virus consists of 8 disjoint RNA polymer segments . These segments can undergo reassortment: when two viruses co-infect a host cell , they can produce viral offspring with a new combination of segments . In this paper , we show that reassortment within a given influenza lineage induces... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"influenza",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"epistasis",
"viruses",
"mutation",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"rna",
"v... | 2017 | Fitness cost of reassortment in human influenza |
The effects of biodiversity on the transmission of infectious diseases now stand as a cornerstone of many public health policies . The upper Amazonia and Guyana shield are hot-spots of biodiversity that offer genuine opportunities to explore the relationship between the risk of transmission of Chagas disease and the di... | A major aspect of the evolution of Life on Earth is the contemporary loss of biodiversity . To understand the effects of biodiversity on biological phenomena is increasingly important . A key question is whether biodiversity facilitates or reduces infectious diseases transmission . Surprisingly , although many human pa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"species",
"delimitation",
"biodiversity",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"seasons",
"protozoans",
"speciation",
... | 2016 | Amazonian Triatomine Biodiversity and the Transmission of Chagas Disease in French Guiana: In Medio Stat Sanitas |
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