Split (3)

train · 24.8k rows

Search is not available for this dataset

article stringlengths 4.36k 149k	summary stringlengths 32 3.35k	section_headings listlengths 1 91	keywords listlengths 0 141	year stringclasses 13 values	title stringlengths 20 281
Sex-linked barring is a fascinating plumage pattern in chickens recently shown to be associated with two non-coding and two missense mutations affecting the ARF transcript at the CDKN2A tumor suppressor locus . It however remained a mystery whether all four mutations are indeed causative and how they contribute to the ...	Barring patterns on individual feathers are widespread phenomena in a number of wild bird species . Still , the genetic background and molecular mechanisms that give rise to barring remains poorly understood . Sex-linked barring is a striping pattern present on individual feathers in domestic chickens , which can be ut...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "vertebrates", "pigments", "animals", "alleles", "feathers", "epithelial", "cells", "mutation", "animal", "anatomy", "stem", "cells", "materials", "science", "chromatophores", "zoology", "missense", "mutation", "birds", "animal",...	2017	The evolution of Sex-linked barring alleles in chickens involves both regulatory and coding changes in CDKN2A
Khon Kaen Province in northeast Thailand is known as a hot spot for opisthorchiasis in Southeast Asia . Preliminary allozyme and mitochondrial DNA haplotype data from within one endemic district in this Province ( Ban Phai ) , indicated substantial genetic variability within Opisthorchis viverrini . Here , we used micr...	Infection with the liver fluke ( Opisthorchis viverrini ) is a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma ( CCA ) , which is highly prevalent in Khon Kaen Province , Thailand . Within this Province , there is considerable variation in the epidemiology of opisthorchiasis among districts . Preliminary allozyme and mitochondrial ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "population", "genetics", "parasitic", "diseases", "food-borne", "trematodes", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases", "genetic", "polymorphism", "epidemiology", "biology", "public", "health", "...	2012	Population Genetic Structuring in Opisthorchis viverrini over Various Spatial Scales in Thailand and Lao PDR
Photorhabdus asymbiotica is one of the three recognized species of the Photorhabdus genus , which consists of gram-negative bioluminescent bacteria belonging to the family Morganellaceae . These bacteria live in a symbiotic relationship with nematodes from the genus Heterorhabditis , together forming a complex that is ...	Photorhabdus asymbiotica , originally isolated in 1989 from a patient in the USA , was revealed to be not only effective insect pathogen but also bacteria causing serious and difficultly treatable diseases in humans . The genome of P . asymbiotica is being intensively studied but little is known about the details of th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "chemical", "compounds", "immunology", "blood", "groups", "carbohydrates", "animals", "organic", "compounds", "parasitic", "diseases", "nematode", "infections", "materials", "science", "materials"...	2017	Characterization of novel bangle lectin from Photorhabdus asymbiotica with dual sugar-binding specificity and its effect on host immunity
The mechanisms governing telomere replication in humans are still poorly understood . To fill this gap , we investigated the timing of replication of single telomeres in human cells . Using in situ hybridization techniques , we have found that specific telomeres have preferential time windows for replication during the...	Functional telomeres are essential for genome stability . While replication of telomeres has been extensively studied in model organisms such as the baker's yeast , little is known about the mechanisms that govern the replication of human telomeres . In this study , we have determined the timing of replication of telom...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/functional", "genomics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/nuclear", "structure", "and", "function", "molecular", "biology/chromosome", "structure", "cell", "biology/nuclear", "structure", "and", "function" ]	2010	Replication Timing of Human Telomeres Is Chromosome Arm–Specific, Influenced by Subtelomeric Structures and Connected to Nuclear Localization
Recent technical advances in the field of quantitative proteomics have stimulated a large number of biomarker discovery studies of various diseases , providing avenues for new treatments and diagnostics . However , inherent challenges have limited the successful translation of candidate biomarkers into clinical use , t...	Novel proteomic technology has led to the generation of vast amounts of biological data and the identification of numerous potential biomarkers . However , computational approaches to translate this information into knowledge capable of impacting clinical care have been lagging . We propose a computational proteomic pi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "mathematics", "statistics", "proteomics", "biology", "cardiovascular" ]	2013	Computational Biomarker Pipeline from Discovery to Clinical Implementation: Plasma Proteomic Biomarkers for Cardiac Transplantation
In recent decades , sporadic cases and outbreaks in humans of West Nile virus ( WNV ) infection have increased . Serological diagnosis of WNV infection can be performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) , immunofluorescence assay ( IFA ) neutralization test ( NT ) and by hemagglutination-inhibition assay ....	West Nile virus ( WNV ) is mantained in the environment in a cycle between mosquitoes and birds . The virus has been isolated on almost all the continents , and several migratory bird species are primarily responsible for virus spread and dispersal . Humans acquire the infection through WNV-infected mosquito bites . Al...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[ "applied", "microbiology", "virology", "medical", "microbiology", "emerging", "viral", "diseases", "microbial", "pathogens", "biology", "microbiology", "viral", "disease", "diagnosis" ]	2013	Second International Diagnostic Accuracy Study for the Serological Detection of West Nile Virus Infection
Across organisms , manipulation of biosynthetic capacity arrests development early in life , but can increase health- and lifespan post-developmentally . Here we demonstrate that this developmental arrest is not sickness but rather a regulated survival program responding to reduced cellular performance . We inhibited p...	Protein synthesis is an essential cellular process , but post-developmental reduction of protein synthesis across multiple species leads to improved health- and lifespan . To better understand the physiological responses to impaired protein synthesis , we characterize a novel developmental arrest state that occurs when...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "skin", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "rna", "interference", "classical", "mechanics", "integumentary", "system", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "heavy", "metals", "toxins", "caenorhabditis", "pathogens", "microbiology", "mechani...	2018	Hypodermal responses to protein synthesis inhibition induce systemic developmental arrest and AMPK-dependent survival in Caenorhabditis elegans
Circadian KaiC phosphorylation in cyanobacteria reconstituted in vitro recently initiates a series of studies experimentally and theoretically to explore its mechanism . In this paper , we report a dynamic diversity in hexameric KaiC phosphoforms using a multi-layer reaction network based on the nonequivalence of the d...	Circadian clocks are endogenous timing mechanisms that allow living organisms to coordinate their activities with daily environmental fluctuations . In cyanobacteria , almost all the genes are rhythmically expressed with the same ∼24 h period yet exhibit a variety of phase relationships and waveforms . Remarkably , the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biophysics/theory", "and", "simulation", "biochemistry/theory", "and", "simulation" ]	2009	Circadian KaiC Phosphorylation: A Multi-Layer Network
Iron homeostasis is important for growth , reproduction and other metabolic processes in all eukaryotes . However , the functions of ATP-binding cassette ( ABC ) transporters in iron homeostasis are largely unknown . Here , we found that one ABC transporter ( named FgAtm1 ) is involved in regulating iron homeostasis , ...	Essential element iron plays important roles in many cellular processes in all organisms . The function of an ATP-binding cassette ( ABC ) transporter Atm1 in iron homeostasis has been characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Our study found that FgAtm1 regulates iron homeostasis via the transcription factor cascade...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "phosphorylation", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "gene", "regulation", "regulatory", "proteins", "dna-binding", "proteins", "light", "microscopy", "dna", "transcription", "physiological", "processes", "fungi", "model", "organisms", "homeostasis", "microscopy", ...	2019	A fungal ABC transporter FgAtm1 regulates iron homeostasis via the transcription factor cascade FgAreA-HapX
Growth factor independent 1 ( Gfi1 ) is a transcriptional repressor originally identified as a gene activated in T-cell leukemias induced by Moloney-murine-leukemia virus infection . Notch1 is a transmembrane receptor that is frequently mutated in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( T-ALL ) . Gfi1 is an importa...	Understanding the mechanisms that protect lymphoid cells from transformation is a critical first step in developing therapies against blood cancers . Recently , we demonstrated that the Growth factor independent-1 transcriptional repressor protein is required for cancer development driven by activation of Notch1 signal...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Growth factor independent-1 Maintains Notch1-Dependent Transcriptional Programming of Lymphoid Precursors
Human protection policies require favorable risk–benefit judgments prior to launch of clinical trials . For phase I and II trials , evidence for such judgment often stems from preclinical efficacy studies ( PCESs ) . We undertook a systematic investigation of application materials ( investigator brochures [IBs] ) prese...	To make a clinical trial ethical , regulatory agencies and institutional review boards have to judge whether the trial-related benefits ( the knowledge gain ) outweigh the trial-inherent risks . For early-phase human research , these risk–benefit assessments are often based on evidence from preclinical animal studies r...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "animal", "models", "meta-research", "article", "peer", "review", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "clinical", "medicine", "drug", "research", "and", "development", "phase", "i", "clinical", "investigation", "clinical", "trials", "phase", "ii", "clinical", "...	2018	Preclinical efficacy studies in investigator brochures: Do they enable risk–benefit assessment?
Cases reported in the period of 2001–2011 from 14/18 CL endemic countries were included in this study by using two spreadsheet to collect the data . Two indicators were analyzed: CL cases and incidence rate . The local regression method was used to analyze case trends and incidence rates for all the studied period , an...	In the Americas , cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) cases are notified across a wide geographic area , extending from southern United States to northern Argentina . Currently , 70–75% of all estimated cases of CL worldwide occur in ten countries , including four in the Americas ( Brazil , Colombia , Nicaragua , and Peru )...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "population", "dynamics", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "argentina", "spatial", "epidemiology", "parasitic", "diseases", "peru", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "population", "biology", "infectious", "di...	2016	Exploring Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Americas, 2001–2011
Cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) is classified by the WHO as a neglected disease inflicting economic losses on the health systems of many countries worldwide . The aim of this case-series study was to investigate the burden of human CE in Palestine during the period between 2010 and 2015 . Records of surgically confirmed C...	Cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) is a neglected disease caused by a parasite called Echinococcus granulosus . The dog as a definitive host plays a major role in transmitting the infection to human . The study aimed to investigate the clinical burden of human CE in Palestine during the period between 2010 and 2015 . Thirtee...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "cystic", "echinococcosis", "invertebrates", "palestinian", "territories", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "helminths", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "vertebrates", "parasitic", "diseases", "anima...	2017	The clinical burden of human cystic echinococcosis in Palestine, 2010-2015
The global diversity of Bacteria and Archaea , the most ancient and most widespread forms of life on Earth , is a subject of intense controversy . This controversy stems largely from the fact that existing estimates are entirely based on theoretical models or extrapolations from small and biased data sets . Here , in a...	The global diversity of Bacteria and Archaea ( "prokaryotes" ) , the most ancient and most widespread forms of life on Earth , is subject to high uncertainty . Here , to estimate the global diversity of prokaryotes , we analyzed a large number of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences , found in all prokaryotes and commonly ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "discussion", "Conclusions", "Methods" ]	[ "taxonomy", "census", "research", "design", "data", "management", "phylogenetics", "metagenomics", "genome", "analysis", "bacteria", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "sequence", "analysis", "computer", "and", "information", "sciences", "genomics", "sequence", "...	2019	A census-based estimate of Earth's bacterial and archaeal diversity
Fusogenic reoviruses encode fusion-associated small transmembrane ( FAST ) protein , which induces cell–cell fusion . FAST protein is the only known fusogenic protein in non-enveloped viruses , and its role in virus replication is not yet known . We generated replication-competent , FAST protein-deficient pteropine ort...	Among diverse viral proteins of non-enveloped viruses , only FAST protein encoded by fusogenic reoviruses belonging to the family Reoviridae induces cell–cell fusion during viral replication cycle . Unlike enveloped viruses , non-enveloped viruses do not require fusion proteins to enter cells . Although the biochemical...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "transfection", "cell", "physiology", "vero", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "biological", "cultures", "immunology", "microbiology", "reoviruses", "plasmid", "constructio...	2019	Cell–cell fusion induced by reovirus FAST proteins enhances replication and pathogenicity of non-enveloped dsRNA viruses
In this study we present a detailed , mechanism-based mathematical framework of Drosophila circadian rhythms . This framework facilitates a more systematic approach to understanding circadian rhythms using a comprehensive representation of the network underlying this phenomenon . The possible mechanisms underlying the ...	The ability of an organism to adapt to daily changes in the environment , via a circadian clock , is an inherently interesting phenomenon recently connected to several human health issues . Decades of experiments on one of the smallest model animals , the fruit fly Drosophila , has illustrated significant similarities ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "drosophila", "biochemistry", "computational", "biology", "cell", "biology" ]	2007	PERIOD–TIMELESS Interval Timer May Require an Additional Feedback Loop
Sodium-Galactose Transporter ( SGLT ) is a secondary active symporter which accumulates sugars into cells by using the electrochemical gradient of Na+ across the membrane . Previous computational studies provided insights into the release process of the two ligands ( galactose and sodium ion ) into the cytoplasm from t...	Membrane proteins are crucial for the communication of the cell with the environment . Among these , symporters are in charge of the transport of molecules ( like sugars , amino acids , osmolytes ) inside the cells , exploiting the concentration gradient of an ion to perform the task . Here we investigate by atomistic ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "computer", "and", "information", "sciences" ]	2014	Metadynamics Simulations Reveal a Na+ Independent Exiting Path of Galactose for the Inward-Facing Conformation of vSGLT
Negative feedback loops ( NFLs ) for circadian clocks include light-responsive reactions that allow the clocks to shift their phase depending on the timing of light signals . Phase response curves ( PRCs ) for light signals in various organisms include a time interval called a dead zone where light signals cause no pha...	Light-entrainable circadian clocks form behavioral and physiological rhythms in organisms . The light-entrainment properties of these clocks have been studied by measuring phase shifts caused by light pulses administered at different times . The phase response curves of various organisms include a time window called th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "messenger", "rna", "bifurcation", "theory", "vertebrates", "light", "animals", "electromagnetic", "radiation", "mammals", "circadian", "oscillators", "animal", "models", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "systems", "science", "mathematics...	2019	A saturated reaction in repressor synthesis creates a daytime dead zone in circadian clocks
In East Africa , epidemics of Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) occur in cycles of 5–15 years following unusually high rainfall . RVF transmission during inter-epidemic periods ( IEP ) generally passes undetected in absence of surveillance in mammalian hosts and vectors . We studied IEP transmission of RVF and evaluated the de...	Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is a disease of animals and people that is caused by the RVF virus . During epidemics , humans get RVF through direct contact with animals or through mosquito bites . In East Africa , epidemics occur every 5–15 years following unusually high rainfall . In between epidemics , the transmission o...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methodology", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Inter-epidemic Acquisition of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Humans in Tanzania
The degradation of small RNAs in plants and animals is associated with small RNA 3′ truncation and 3′ uridylation and thus relies on exonucleases and nucleotidyl transferases . ARGONAUTE ( AGO ) proteins associate with small RNAs in vivo and are essential for not only the activities but also the stability of small RNAs...	MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are 21–24 nucleotide regulatory RNAs that impact nearly all biological processes in plants and animals . The abundance of miRNAs is determined by their biogenesis and degradation . miRNA degradation is associated with trimming and tailing of their 3′ ends . The relationship between 3′ trimming and ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "reverse", "transcriptase-polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "sequencing", "techniques", "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "gene", "regulation", "northern", "blot", "micrornas", "methylation", "immunoprecipitation", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "seedlings", "rna", ...	2017	ARGONAUTE10 promotes the degradation of miR165/6 through the SDN1 and SDN2 exonucleases in Arabidopsis
Bacterial species , and even strains within species , can vary greatly in their gene contents and metabolic capabilities . We examine the evolution of this diversity by assessing the distribution and ancestry of each gene in 13 sequenced isolates of Escherichia coli and Shigella . We focus on the emergence and demise o...	Changes in genetic repertoires can alter the adaptive strategy of an organism , especially in bacteria , in which genes are continually gained and lost . Mapping the gains and losses of genes in the densely sequenced clade of Escherichia coli and Shigella shows that these genomes harbour two types of acquired genes: HO...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "computational", "biology/comparative", "sequence", "analysis", "evolutionary", "biology/bioinformatics", "evolutionary", "biology/evolutionary", "and", "comparative", "genetics" ]	2008	The Emergence and Fate of Horizontally Acquired Genes in Escherichia coli
RIG-I like receptors ( RLRs ) recognize cytosolic viral RNA and initiate innate immunity; they increase the production of type I interferon ( IFN ) and the transcription of a series of antiviral genes to protect the host organism . Accurate regulation of the RLR pathway is important for avoiding tissue injury induced b...	Innate immunity is critical for the host to defeat pathogen invasion , and the production of interferon ( IFN ) is the core of the cellular antiviral response , this is mediated by the Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) and RIG-I like receptor ( RLR ) signaling pathways in most cell types . As aberrant activity of the immune r...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "immunology" ]	2014	HSCARG Negatively Regulates the Cellular Antiviral RIG-I Like Receptor Signaling Pathway by Inhibiting TRAF3 Ubiquitination via Recruiting OTUB1
A major challenge in interpreting the large volume of mutation data identified by next-generation sequencing ( NGS ) is to distinguish driver mutations from neutral passenger mutations to facilitate the identification of targetable genes and new drugs . Current approaches are primarily based on mutation frequencies of ...	A cancer genome typically harbors both driver mutations , which contribute to tumorigenesis , and passenger mutations , which tend to be neutral and occur randomly . Cancer genomes differ dramatically due to genetic and environmental factors . A major challenge in interpreting the large volume of mutation data identifi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "dermatology", "genetic", "networks", "genetic", "mutation", "cancer", "genetics", "population", "genetics", "cancer", "risk", "factors", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "algorithms", "genome", "sequencing", "skin", "neoplasms", "mutation", "genome", "analysi...	2014	VarWalker: Personalized Mutation Network Analysis of Putative Cancer Genes from Next-Generation Sequencing Data
Gene expression is subject to random perturbations that lead to fluctuations in the rate of protein production . As a consequence , for any given protein , genetically identical organisms living in a constant environment will contain different amounts of that particular protein , resulting in different phenotypes . Thi...	Many biological processes in a cell involve small numbers of molecules and therefore fluctuate over time . As a consequence , genetically identical cells that live in the same environment differ from each other in many phenotypic traits , including the expression level of different genes . Our aim was to identify types...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "biology", "microbiology", "evolutionary", "biology" ]	2012	A Genome-Wide Analysis of Promoter-Mediated Phenotypic Noise in Escherichia coli
The evolutionary significance of hybridization and subsequent introgression has long been appreciated , but evaluation of the genome-wide effects of these phenomena has only recently become possible . Crop-wild study systems represent ideal opportunities to examine evolution through hybridization . For example , maize ...	Hybridization and introgression have been shown to play a critical role in the evolution of species . These processes can generate the diversity necessary for novel adaptations and continued diversification of taxa . Previous research has suggested that not all regions of a genome are equally permeable to introgression...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genome", "evolution", "ecology", "evolutionary", "biology", "genetics", "plant", "genetics", "population", "genetics", "biology", "genomics", "gene", "flow", "plant", "ecology", "computational", "biology", "evolutionary", "genetics", "crop", "genetics" ]	2013	The Genomic Signature of Crop-Wild Introgression in Maize
In plants and animals , nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat domain containing ( NLR ) immune receptors are utilized to detect the presence or activities of pathogen-derived molecules . However , the mechanisms by which NLR proteins induce defense responses remain unclear . Here , we report the characterization o...	In plants and animals , NLR immune receptors are utilized to detect pathogen-derived molecules and activate immunity . However , the mechanisms of plant NLR activation remain unclear . Here , we report on bHLH84 , which functions as a transcriptional activator . Simultaneously knocking out three closely related bHLH pa...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biology", "and", "life", "sciences" ]	2014	NLR-Associating Transcription Factor bHLH84 and Its Paralogs Function Redundantly in Plant Immunity
Real-Time PCR-High Resolution Melting ( qPCR-HRM ) analysis has been recently described for rapid drug susceptibility testing ( DST ) of Mycobacterium leprae . The purpose of the current study was to further evaluate the validity , reliability , and accuracy of this assay for M . leprae DST in clinical specimens . The ...	Despite three decades of effective treatment with multidrug therapy ( MDT ) , leprosy persists as a public health problem in many regions of the world . The recent increase in relapse cases , MDT treatment failures , and the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium leprae could undermine existing leprosy co...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "mycobacterium", "leprae", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "purification", "techniques", "tropical", "diseases", "condensed", "matter", "physics", "drug", "screening", "organisms", "bacterial", "diseases", "mycobacterium", "lepromatosis"...	2017	qPCR-High resolution melt analysis for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium leprae directly from clinical specimens of leprosy patients
Navigation of cells to the optimal environmental condition is critical for their survival and growth . Escherichia coli cells , for example , can detect various chemicals and move up or down those chemical gradients ( i . e . , chemotaxis ) . Using the same signaling machinery , they can also sense other external facto...	Bacteria , such as E . coli , live in a complex environment with varying chemical and/or non-chemical stimuli . They constantly seek for and migrate to optimal environmental conditions . A well-known example is E . coli chemotaxis which direct cell movements up or down chemical gradients . Using the same machinery , E ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "cell", "motility", "cell", "biology", "biophysics", "theory", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "computational", "biology", "biophysics" ]	2014	Behaviors and Strategies of Bacterial Navigation in Chemical and Nonchemical Gradients
Elongating DNA polymerases frequently encounter lesions or structures that impede progress and require repair before DNA replication can be completed . Therefore , directing repair factors to a blocked fork , without interfering with normal replication , is important for proper cell function , and it is a process that ...	During the replication of the cell’s genetic material , difficulties are often encountered . These problems require the recruitment of special proteins to repair DNA so that replication can be completed . The failure to do so causes cell death or deleterious changes to the cell’s genetic material . In humans , these ge...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Connecting Replication and Repair: YoaA, a Helicase-Related Protein, Promotes Azidothymidine Tolerance through Association with Chi, an Accessory Clamp Loader Protein
Symmetry breaking is involved in many developmental processes that form bodies and organs . One of them is the epithelial rotation of developing tubular and acinar organs . However , how epithelial cells move , how they break symmetry to define their common direction , and what function rotational epithelial motions ha...	Movement of epithelial tissues is essential for organ and body formation as well as function . To facilitate epithelial movements , cells need an internal or external source of mechanical force and a collective decision in which direction to move . However , little is known about the underlying mechanism of collective ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "cell", "motility", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "actin", "filaments", "membrane", "staining", "cadherins", "cloning", "animals", "reproductive", "physiology", "animal", "models", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "experiment...	2017	Epithelial rotation is preceded by planar symmetry breaking of actomyosin and protects epithelial tissue from cell deformations
The intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila translocates a large number of effector proteins into host cells via the Icm/Dot type-IVB secretion system . Some of these effectors were shown to cause lethal effect on yeast growth . Here we characterized one such effector ( LecE ) and identified yeast suppressors tha...	Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen that causes a severe pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease . Following infection , the bacteria use a Type-IVB secretion system to translocate multiple effector proteins into macrophages and generate the Legionella-containing vacuole ( LCV ) . The formation of the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetic", "screens", "genetics", "molecular", "genetics", "biology", "genomics", "microbiology", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "gene", "function" ]	2012	Identification of Two Legionella pneumophila Effectors that Manipulate Host Phospholipids Biosynthesis
Arthritogenic alphaviruses , including Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) , are responsible for acute fever and arthralgia , but can also lead to chronic symptoms . In 2006 , a Chikungunya outbreak occurred in La Réunion Island , during which we constituted a prospective cohort of viremic patients ( n = 180 ) and defined the ...	Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is transmitted to human by mosquitoes . It is a re-emerging virus that has a risk to spread globally , given the expanding dissemination of its mosquito vectors . Chikungunya disease is characterized by acute transient febrile arthralgic illness , but can also lead to chronic incapacitating ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "rheumatology", "emerging", "infectious", "diseases", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "biology", "microbiology" ]	2013	Chikungunya Virus-associated Long-term Arthralgia: A 36-month Prospective Longitudinal Study
The prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) plays a crucial role in flexible cognitive behavior by representing task relevant information with its working memory . The working memory with sustained neural activity is described as a neural dynamical system composed of multiple attractors , each attractor of which corresponds to an ac...	The prefrontal cortex plays a highly flexible role in various cognitive tasks e . g . , decision making and action planning . Neurons in the prefrontal cortex exhibit flexible representation or selectivity for task relevant information and are involved in working memory with sustained activity , which can be modeled as...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "biology", "neuroscience" ]	2011	Representational Switching by Dynamical Reorganization of Attractor Structure in a Network Model of the Prefrontal Cortex
Based on morphology it is often challenging to distinguish between the many different soft tissue sarcoma subtypes . Moreover , outcome of disease is highly variable even between patients with the same disease . Machine learning on transcriptome sequencing data could be a valuable new tool to understand differences bet...	Soft-tissue sarcomas are a group of rare cancers that can be challenging to diagnose and treat . The morphology of the different soft-tissue sarcoma subtypes can overlap and the prognosis differs significantly between , and also within , the different subtypes . Moreover , targeted therapies are often not available . I...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "cancer", "detection", "and", "diagnosis", "machine", "learning", "algorithms", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "neural", "networks", "applied", "mathematics", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "neuroscience", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "oncology", "algorith...	2019	Machine learning analysis of gene expression data reveals novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and identifies therapeutic targets for soft tissue sarcomas
The relative importance between additive and non-additive genetic variance has been widely argued in quantitative genetics . By approaching this question from an evolutionary perspective we show that , while additive variance can be maintained under selection at a low level for some patterns of epistasis , the majority...	In this study we have shown that two independent problems may have a common cause . Why do traits under selection exhibit additive genetic variance , and why is the proportion of the heritability explained by additive effects much smaller than the total heritability estimated to exist ? Our results indicate that epista...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "algorithms", "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "mathematics", "evolutionary", "biology", "evolutionary", "modeling", "genetics", "applied", "mathematics", "population", "genetics", "biology", "computational", "biology", "evolutionary", "genetics", "genetics", "and", ...	2013	An Evolutionary Perspective on Epistasis and the Missing Heritability
Modification defects in the tRNA anticodon loop often impair yeast growth and cause human disease . In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the phylogenetically distant fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe , trm7Δ mutants grow poorly due to lack of 2'-O-methylation of C32 and G34 in the tRNAPhe anticodon l...	The ubiquitous tRNA anticodon loop modifications have important but poorly understood functions in decoding mRNAs in the ribosome to ensure accurate and efficient protein synthesis , and their lack often impairs yeast growth and causes human disease . Here we investigate why ribose methylation of residues 32 and 34 in ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "transfer", "rna", "b", "vitamins", "chemical", "compounds", "nucleotides", "organic", "compounds", "plasmid", "construction", "fungi", "model", "organisms", "anticodons", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "dna", "construction", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", ...	2018	Lack of 2'-O-methylation in the tRNA anticodon loop of two phylogenetically distant yeast species activates the general amino acid control pathway
Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ( EPEC and EHEC ) are related strains capable of inducing severe gastrointestinal disease . For optimal infection , these pathogens actively modulate cellular functions through the deployment of effector proteins in a type three secretion system ( T3SS ) -dependen...	Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ( EPEC ) and enterohemorrhagic E . coli ( EHEC ) cause severe intestinal dysfunction , including watery diarrhea or severe bloody diarrhea , and acute kidney failure ( hemolytic uremic syndrome ) . Transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food , these pathogens colonize and disrup...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Uses NleA to Inhibit NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Schistosomiasis affects millions of people in developing countries and is responsible for more than 200 , 000 deaths annually . Because of toxicity and limited spectrum of activity of alternatives , there is effectively only one drug , praziquantel , available for its treatment . Recent data suggest that drug resistanc...	Over 600 million people in endemic countries are at risk of contracting schistosomiasis , which results in over 200 , 000 deaths each year and significant illness to most people that are infected . There are concerns that the drug widely used for the treatment of schistosomiasis , praziquantel , may be losing efficacy ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	The Schistosoma mansoni Cytochrome P450 (CYP3050A1) Is Essential for Worm Survival and Egg Development
The Ecohealth strategy is a multidisciplinary data-driven approach used to improve the quality of people’s lives in Chagas disease endemic areas , such as regions of Central America . Chagas is a vector-borne disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . In Central America , the main vector is Triatoma dimidiata ....	Blood feeding insects from the subfamily Triatomine are involved in the transmission of Chagas disease , caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi , a neglected tropical disease endemic from southern Mexico through Central to northern South America . Chagas disease mostly affects rural areas and especially peo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "and", "materials", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ]	[ "animal", "types", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "domestic", "animals", "tropical", "diseases", "vertebrates", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "animals", "mammals", "dogs", "protozoans", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases...	2018	Implementation science: Epidemiology and feeding profiles of the Chagas vector Triatoma dimidiata prior to Ecohealth intervention for three locations in Central America
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is the third most frequent mycobacterial disease in immunocompetent persons after tuberculosis and leprosy . During the last decade , eight weeks of antimicrobial treatment has become the standard of care . This treatment may be accompanied by transient clinical deterioration , known as paradoxical ...	Buruli ulcer is an infectious disease of skin , subcutaneous fat and sometimes bone , mainly affecting children in West Africa . It is considered as one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases but the disease occurs also in moderate climates like South East Australia and Japan where it may also affect adults . Once a patien...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "antimicrobials", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "chemical", "compounds", "drugs", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "organic", "compounds", "bacterial", "diseases", "streptomycin", "genetic", "pr...	2016	Genetic Susceptibility and Predictors of Paradoxical Reactions in Buruli Ulcer
Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF MS ) has been shown to be an effective tool for the rapid identification of arthropods , including tick vectors of human diseases . The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of MALDI-TOF MS to identify tick species...	Tick-borne rickettsioses include mild to life-threatening diseases in humans worldwide . When removing an attached tick from the human body , patients and physicians may have two questions: 1 ) is the tick a known vector of a human infectious disease , and 2 ) is the tick infected by a pathogenic agent that could have ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Detection of Rickettsia spp in Ticks by MALDI-TOF MS
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato ( Bbsl ) , the causative agent of Lyme disease , establishes an initial infection in the host’s skin following a tick bite , and then disseminates to distant organs , leading to multisystem manifestations . Tick-to-vertebrate host transmission requires that Bbsl survives during blood fee...	Lyme disease , the most common vector-borne disease in the United States , is caused by the bacterium , Borrelia burgdorferi . This bacterium is transmitted to humans via the bite of a tick , and then spreads from the bite site to multiple tissues . Tick-to-human transmission of this bacterium requires bacterial surviv...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "flow", "cytometry", "complement", "system", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "physiology", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "animals", "mammals", "developmental", ...	2018	Polymorphic factor H-binding activity of CspA protects Lyme borreliae from the host complement in feeding ticks to facilitate tick-to-host transmission
The spatial arrangements of secondary structures in proteins , irrespective of their connectivity , depict the overall shape and organization of protein domains . These features have been used in the CATH and SCOP classifications to hierarchically partition fold space and define the architectural make up of proteins . ...	Proteins are vital and central macromolecular players necessary for the functioning of the cell . The redundant and highly conserved structural makeup of proteins reflects their ability to act as genomic repositories of evolutionary history . These structures are fundamental subjects for the study of molecular evolutio...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "biochemistry", "genomics", "astrobiology", "biology", "computational", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology", "microbiology", "proteomics", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2013	Origin and Evolution of Protein Fold Designs Inferred from Phylogenomic Analysis of CATH Domain Structures in Proteomes
Natively unstructured or disordered protein regions may increase the functional complexity of an organism; they are particularly abundant in eukaryotes and often evade structure determination . Many computational methods predict unstructured regions by training on outliers in otherwise well-ordered structures . Here , ...	The details of protein structures are important for function . Regions that do not adopt any regular structure in isolation ( natively unstructured or disordered regions ) initially appeared as a curious exception to this structure–function paradigm . It has become increasingly clear that unstructured regions are funda...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "biophysics", "biochemistry", "none", "computational", "biology" ]	2007	Natively Unstructured Loops Differ from Other Loops
Many thousands of endoparasitic wasp species are known to inject polydnavirus ( PDV ) particles into their caterpillar host during oviposition , causing immune and developmental dysfunctions that benefit the wasp larva . PDVs associated with braconid and ichneumonid wasps , bracoviruses and ichnoviruses respectively , ...	The polydnaviruses ( PDVs ) are a unique virus type used by an organism ( a parasitic wasp ) to manipulate the physiology of another organism ( a lepidopteran host ) in order to ensure successful parasitism . The evolutionary origin of these unusual viruses , found in ∼17 , 500 braconid wasps ( Bracoviruses ) and ∼15 ,...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology/virus", "evolution", "and", "symbiosis" ]	2010	Analysis of Virion Structural Components Reveals Vestiges of the Ancestral Ichnovirus Genome
The free-energy principle has recently been proposed as a unified Bayesian account of perception , learning and action . Despite the inextricable link between emotion and cognition , emotion has not yet been formulated under this framework . A core concept that permeates many perspectives on emotion is valence , which ...	Emotion plays a crucial role in the adaptation of humans and other animals to changes in their world . Nevertheless , emotion has been neglected in Bayesian models of learning in non-stationary environments . The free-energy principle has recently been proposed as a unified account of learning , perception and action i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Models", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "experimental", "psychology", "cognitive", "neuroscience", "behavioral", "neuroscience", "social", "and", "behavioral", "sciences", "psychology", "cognitive", "psychology", "behavior", "computational", "neuroscience", "biology", "sensory", "perception", "neuroscience", "learn...	2013	Emotional Valence and the Free-Energy Principle
Bartonella infections were investigated in seven species of bats from four regions of the Republic of Georgia . Of the 236 bats that were captured , 212 ( 90% ) specimens were tested for Bartonella infection . Colonies identified as Bartonella were isolated from 105 ( 49 . 5% ) of 212 bats Phylogenetic analysis based o...	Bacteria of the genus Bartonella parasitize erythrocytes and endothelial cells of a wide range of mammals and recently were reported in bats from Africa , Asia , America , and northern Europe . A human disease case in the USA was associated with a novel Bartonella species , which later was identified in bats in Finland...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "taxonomy", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "animals", "mammals", "dogs", "phylogenetics", "data", "management", "phylogenetic", "analysis", "bacteria", "bacterial", "pathog...	2017	Prevalence, diversity, and host associations of Bartonella strains in bats from Georgia (Caucasus)
We analyzed two sets of human CD4+ nucleosomal DNA directly sequenced by Illumina ( Solexa ) high throughput sequencing method . The first set has ∼40 M sequences and was produced from the normal CD4+ T lymphocytes by micrococcal nuclease . The second set has ∼44 M sequences and was obtained from peripheral blood lymph...	We analyzed nucleosomal DNA of human CD4+ T normal and apoptotic lymphocytes . Dinucleotide positions ( pattern ) of AA/TT , GG/CC , WW/SS ( W is adenine or thymine , S is guanine or cytosine ) and RR/YY ( R is purine , Y - pyrimidine ) of nucleosome sequences in both cell conditions are similar and have period 10–10 ....	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "genomics", "computational", "biology" ]	2014	Apoptotic Lymphocytes of H. sapiens Lose Nucleosomes in GC-Rich Promoters
The Kato-Katz thick smear ( Kato-Katz ) is the diagnostic method recommended for monitoring large-scale treatment programs implemented for the control of soil-transmitted helminths ( STH ) in public health , yet it is difficult to standardize . A promising alternative is the McMaster egg counting method ( McMaster ) , ...	Currently , in public health , the reduction in the number of eggs excreted in stools after drug administration is used to monitor the efficacy of drugs against parasitic worms . Yet , studies comparing diagnostic methods for the enumeration of eggs in stool are few . We compared the Kato-Katz thick smear ( Kato-Katz )...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "diagnostic", "medicine", "epidemiology", "public", "health" ]	2011	A Comparison of the Sensitivity and Fecal Egg Counts of the McMaster Egg Counting and Kato-Katz Thick Smear Methods for Soil-Transmitted Helminths
The hypothesis that evolvability - the capacity to evolve by natural selection - is itself the object of natural selection is highly intriguing but remains controversial due in large part to a paucity of direct experimental evidence . The antigenic variation mechanisms of microbial pathogens provide an experimentally t...	The hypothesis that natural selection shapes the ability of a population to evolve is highly controversial due primarily to a paucity of empirical evidence . However , the ability to constantly and rapidly evolve may be selectively adaptive in pathogens due to the constantly changing environment created by the vertebra...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Natural Selection Promotes Antigenic Evolvability
HCV ( hepatitis C virus ) research , including therapeutics and vaccine development , has been hampered by the lack of suitable tissue culture models . Development of cell culture systems for the growth of the most drug-resistant HCV genotype ( 1b ) as well as natural isolates has remained a challenge . Transfection of...	Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) causes a persistent infection that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis . Interferon ( IFN ) -based treatments are ineffective for some HCV genotypes . HCV research has been hampered by the lack of suitable cell culture systems . With the discovery of a unique HCV genotype ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biotechnology", "biochemistry", "virology/viral", "replication", "and", "gene", "regulation", "gastroenterology", "and", "hepatology/hepatology", "microbiology/innate", "immunity", "immunology/innate", "immunity", "virology/antivirals,", "including", "modes", "of", "action", "...	2010	Persistent Growth of a Human Plasma-Derived Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1b Isolate in Cell Culture
We previously showed that HIV-1 subtype C viruses elicit potent but highly type-specific neutralizing antibodies ( nAb ) within the first year of infection . In order to determine the specificity and evolution of these autologous nAbs , we examined neutralization escape in four individuals whose responses against the e...	Most HIV-1 infected individuals develop neutralizing antibodies against their own virus , termed an autologous neutralizing response . It is known that this response exerts pressure on the envelope of HIV , the target of such antibodies , resulting in neutralization escape . Here we have identified the targets of these...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology/immunodeficiency", "viruses", "immunology/immune", "response", "infectious", "diseases/hiv", "infection", "and", "aids", "virology/immune", "evasion", "virology/host", "antiviral", "responses" ]	2009	Limited Neutralizing Antibody Specificities Drive Neutralization Escape in Early HIV-1 Subtype C Infection
Phytochelatin synthase ( PCS ) is a protease-like enzyme that catalyzes the production of metal chelating peptides , the phytochelatins , from glutathione ( GSH ) . In plants , algae , and fungi phytochelatin production is important for metal tolerance and detoxification . PCS proteins also function in xenobiotic metab...	Schistosomiasis is a chronic , debilitating disease that affects hundreds of millions of people . The treatment of schistosomiasis relies solely on monotherapy with praziquantel and there is concern that drug-resistant parasites will evolve . Therefore , it is imperative to identify new drugs for schistosomiasis treatm...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biochemistry", "biology", "zoology", "parasitology" ]	2013	Towards an Understanding of the Function of the Phytochelatin Synthase of Schistosoma mansoni
Balanced maternal and paternal genome contributions are a requirement for successful seed development . Unbalanced contributions often cause seed abortion , a phenomenon that has been termed “triploid block . ” Misregulation of imprinted regulatory genes has been proposed to be the underlying cause for abnormalities in...	Crosses between plants of different ploidy often fail because seed development does not proceed normally and non-viable seeds are produced . It is assumed that abnormalities in growth and structure of the endosperm ( the nutritional tissue of the seed ) are the cause of triploid seed failure , consistent with the propo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/epigenetics", "developmental", "biology/plant", "growth", "and", "development" ]	2009	Imprinting of the Polycomb Group Gene MEDEA Serves as a Ploidy Sensor in Arabidopsis
Obesity is one of the largest health problems facing the world today . Although twin and family studies suggest about two-thirds of obesity is caused by genetic factors , only a small fraction of this variance has been unraveled . There are still large numbers of genes to be identified that cause variations in body fat...	Genome-wide linkage analyses have revealed that an STS marker D6S1009 ( about 55 kb from the SLC35D3 gene ) is linked to obesity or BMI in the Framingham Heart Study , but its genetic entity is unknown . Here we characterized the features of obesity and metabolic syndrome with reduced physical activity levels in a prev...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "animal", "genetics", "gene", "identification", "and", "analysis", "genetics", "molecular", "genetics", "biology" ]	2014	Mutation of SLC35D3 Causes Metabolic Syndrome by Impairing Dopamine Signaling in Striatal D1 Neurons
Heterotrimeric G proteins are an important group of signaling molecules found in eukaryotes . They function with G-protein-coupled-receptors ( GPCRs ) to transduce various signals such as steroid hormones in animals . Nevertheless , their functions in plants are not well-defined . Previous studies suggested that the he...	Rice is an important and staple grain food . Understanding the molecular basis of rice growth and development is crucial to safeguarding our food security . Hormone signaling pathways are key regulators of plant growth and development . Heterotrimeric G-protein complexes serve as signal transducers between cell surface...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "agriculture", "biology" ]	2013	The U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TUD1 Functions with a Heterotrimeric G α Subunit to Regulate Brassinosteroid-Mediated Growth in Rice
Chagas disease is endemic in the rural areas of southern Peru and a growing urban problem in the regional capital of Arequipa , population ∼860 , 000 . It is unclear how to implement cost-effective screening programs across a large urban and periurban environment . We compared four alternative screening strategies in 1...	In the wake of emerging T . cruzi infection in children of periurban Arequipa , Peru , we conducted a prospective field trial to evaluate alternative targeted screening strategies for Chagas disease across the city . Using insect vector data that is routinely collected during Ministry of Health insecticide application ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "global", "health", "public", "health" ]	2012	A Field Trial of Alternative Targeted Screening Strategies for Chagas Disease in Arequipa, Peru
The functional role of ELR-positive CXC chemokines in host defense during acute viral-induced encephalomyelitis was determined . Inoculation of the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus ( JHMV ) into the central nervous system ( CNS ) of mice resulted in the rapid mobilization of PMNs expressing the chemokine...	Consequences of viral infection of the central nervous system ( CNS ) can range from encephalitis and paralytic poliomyelitis to relatively benign infections with limited clinical outcomes . The localized expression of proinflammatory chemokines within the CNS in response to viral infection has been shown to be importa...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology/animal", "models", "of", "infection" ]	2009	A Protective Role for ELR+ Chemokines during Acute Viral Encephalomyelitis
Respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) is an RNA virus in the Family Paramyxoviridae . Here , the activities performed by the RSV polymerase when it encounters the viral antigenomic promoter were examined . RSV RNA synthesis was reconstituted in vitro using recombinant , isolated polymerase and an RNA oligonucleotide temp...	Respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) is a major pathogen of infants with the potential to cause severe respiratory disease . RSV has an RNA genome and one approach to developing a drug against this virus is to gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms used by the viral polymerase to generate new RNA . In this study...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "respiratory", "syncytial", "virus", "infection", "virology", "viral", "nucleic", "acid", "viral", "enzymes", "biology", "microbiology", "viral", "replication", "viral", "replication", "complex", "viral", "diseases" ]	2012	The Respiratory Syncytial Virus Polymerase Has Multiple RNA Synthesis Activities at the Promoter
For a given gene , different mutations influence organismal phenotypes to varying degrees . However , the expressivity of these variants not only depends on the DNA lesion associated with the mutation , but also on factors including the genetic background and rearing environment . The degree to which these factors infl...	Different mutations in a gene , or in genes with related functions , can have effects of varying severity . Studying sets of mutations and analyzing how they interact are essential components of a geneticist's toolkit . However , the effects caused by a mutation depend not only on the mutation itself , but on additiona...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "population", "genetics", "cell", "processes", "variant", "genotypes", "alleles", "genetic", "mapping", "mutation", "developmental", "biology", "population", "biology", "morphogenesis", "genetic", "polymorphism", "cell", "proliferation", "imaginal", "discs", "genetic", "l...	2017	How well do you know your mutation? Complex effects of genetic background on expressivity, complementation, and ordering of allelic effects
Homologous recombination ( HR ) is essential for the repair of blocked or collapsed replication forks and for the production of crossovers between homologs that promote accurate meiotic chromosome segregation . Here , we identify HIM-18 , an ortholog of MUS312/Slx4 , as a critical player required in vivo for processing...	Homologous recombination ( HR ) is a process that provides for the accurate and efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) incurred by cells , thereby maintaining genomic integrity . Proper processing of HR intermediates is critical for biological processes ranging from replication fork restart to the accura...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "biology/morphogenesis", "and", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics/nuclear", "structure", "and", "function", "molecular", "biology/chromosome", "structure", "molecular", "biology/recombination", "genetics", "and", "genomics/chromosome", "biology", "geneti...	2009	Caenorhabditis elegans HIM-18/SLX-4 Interacts with SLX-1 and XPF-1 and Maintains Genomic Integrity in the Germline by Processing Recombination Intermediates
The impact of pesticides on the health of bee pollinators is determined in part by the capacity of bee detoxification systems to convert these compounds to less toxic forms . For example , recent work has shown that cytochrome P450s of the CYP9Q subfamily are critically important in defining the sensitivity of honey be...	Bees have evolved sophisticated metabolic systems to detoxify the natural toxins encountered in their environment . Recent work has shown that specific enzymes ( cytochrome P450s ) in these biotransformation pathways can be recruited to protect honey bees and bumblebees against certain synthetic insecticides , includin...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "xenobiotic", "metabolism", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "honey", "bees", "invertebrate", "genomics", "animals", "toxicology", "genome", "analysis", "bees", "agrochemicals", "genomic", "libraries",...	2019	Genomic insights into neonicotinoid sensitivity in the solitary bee Osmia bicornis
Common genetic variants contribute to the observed variation in breast cancer risk for BRCA2 mutation carriers; those known to date have all been found through population-based genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) . To comprehensively identify breast cancer risk modifying loci for BRCA2 mutation carriers , we condu...	Women who carry BRCA2 mutations have an increased risk of breast cancer that varies widely . To identify common genetic variants that modify the breast cancer risk associated with BRCA2 mutations , we have built upon our previous work in which we examined genetic variants across the genome in relation to breast cancer ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "cancer", "genetics", "genetics", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2013	Identification of a BRCA2-Specific Modifier Locus at 6p24 Related to Breast Cancer Risk
Sodium channels are one of the most intensively studied drug targets . Sodium channel inhibitors ( e . g . , local anesthetics , anticonvulsants , antiarrhythmics and analgesics ) exert their effect by stabilizing an inactivated conformation of the channels . Besides the fast-inactivated conformation , sodium channels ...	Sodium channels are the key proteins for action potential firing in most excitable cells . Inhibitor drugs prevent excitation ( local anesthetics ) , regulate excitability ( antiarrhythmics ) , or prevent overexcitation ( antiepileptic , antispastic and neuroprotective drugs ) by binding to the channel and keeping it i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "physiology/neuronal", "signaling", "mechanisms", "biophysics/biomacromolecule-ligand", "interactions", "neuroscience/neurobiology", "of", "disease", "and", "regeneration", "pharmacology" ]	2010	Fast- or Slow-inactivated State Preference of Na+ Channel Inhibitors: A Simulation and Experimental Study
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a post-translational regulatory pathway for controlling protein stability and activity that underlies many fundamental cellular processes , including cell cycle progression . Target proteins are tagged with ubiquitin molecules through the action of an enzymatic cascade composed of E1 ...	African sleeping sickness is a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei , which is transmitted to humans by tsetse flies ( Glossina genus ) . Treatment of the disease is complex and relies on limited pharmaceutical options . Understanding how T . brucei regulates cel...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "antimicrobials", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "rna", "interference", "parasitic", "cell", "cycles", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "split-decomposition", "method", "cell", "processes", "drugs", "microbiology", "parasitic", "protozoans", "parasi...	2017	The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme CDC34 is essential for cytokinesis in contrast to putative subunits of a SCF complex in Trypanosoma brucei
Onchocerciasis or river blindness constitutes a major burden to households especially in resource-poor settings , causing a significant reduction in household productivity . There has been renewed interest from policy makers to reduce the burden of Neglected Tropical Diseases ( NTDs ) such as onchocerciasis on individu...	Onchocerciasis is a public health problem in Nigeria , especially among the poor living in endemic communities . There is a dearth of evidence on the burden of onchocerciasis and studies suggest poor knowledge of the cause of onchocerciasis . This information could facilitate evidence-informed decisions on resource all...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Exploring Consumer Perceptions and Economic Burden of Onchocerciasis on Households in Enugu State, South-East Nigeria
Virulence of complex pathogens in mammals is generally determined by multiple components of the pathogen interacting with the functional complexity and multiple layering of the mammalian immune system . It is most unusual for the resistance of a mammalian host to be overcome by the defeat of a single defence mechanism ...	Many pathogens manipulate the immune system of their hosts to facilitate infection and ensure transmission to subsequent hosts . The intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii , a relative of the malaria parasite , is able to infect and persist in a remarkable variety of warm-blooded hosts . Indeed roughly a third of th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology/evolutionary", "ecology", "immunology/immunity", "to", "infections", "immunology/innate", "immunity", "microbiology/parasitology", "infectious", "diseases/protozoal", "infections", "microbiology/cellular", "microbiology", "and", "pathogenesis" ]	2010	Phosphorylation of Mouse Immunity-Related GTPase (IRG) Resistance Proteins Is an Evasion Strategy for Virulent Toxoplasma gondii
Functionally autonomous regulatory domains direct the parasegment-specific expression of the Drosophila Bithorax complex ( BX-C ) homeotic genes . Autonomy is conferred by boundary/insulator elements that separate each regulatory domain from its neighbors . For six of the nine parasegment ( PS ) regulatory domains in t...	Boundary elements in the Bithorax complex have two seemingly contradictory activities . They must block crosstalk between neighboring regulatory domains , but at the same time be permissive ( insulator bypass ) for regulatory interactions between the domains and the BX-C homeotic genes . We have used a replacement stra...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "fluorescence", "imaging", "plant", "anatomy", "trichomes", "chromosome", "structure", "and", "function", "nucleases", "centromeres", "gene", "regulation", "enzymes", "dna-binding", "proteins", "enzymology", "developmental", "biology", "insulators", "plant", "science", "m...	2016	Functional Dissection of the Blocking and Bypass Activities of the Fab-8 Boundary in the Drosophila Bithorax Complex
Canine mast cell tumours ( CMCT ) are one of the most common skin tumours in dogs with a major impact on canine health . Certain breeds have a higher risk of developing mast cell tumours , suggesting that underlying predisposing germ-line genetic factors play a role in the development of this disease . The genetic risk...	Pet dogs develop many of the same diseases as humans . Hence , studying diseases in dogs can be valuable for learning about human conditions . The genetic structure caused by inbreeding within dog breeds has proven to be advantageous to map genetic diseases . Golden retrievers have a very high risk of developing mast c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Genome-Wide Association Study of Golden Retrievers Identifies Germ-Line Risk Factors Predisposing to Mast Cell Tumours
Helminthiasis and tuberculosis ( TB ) coincide geographically and there is much interest in exploring how concurrent worm infections might alter immune responses against bacilli and might necessitate altered therapeutic approaches . A DNA vaccine that codifies heat shock protein Hsp65 from M . leprae ( DNAhsp65 ) has b...	From 14 diseases considered by WHO as Neglected Tropical Diseases , four involve helminth infections , such as schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis . Toxocariasis is a soil-transmitted worm highly prevalent in many developing countries , while schistosomiasis causes an annual mortality of 14 , 000 deaths ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/bacterial", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/helminth", "infections", "immunology/immune", "response", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases" ]	2010	Helminth Coinfection Does Not Affect Therapeutic Effect of a DNA Vaccine in Mice Harboring Tuberculosis
Snail intermediate host control is a widely canvassed strategy for schistosomiasis control in endemic countries . While there have been increasing studies on the search for potent molluscicides in the past years , the use of nanoparticulate agents as molluscicides is yet to gain wide attention . The aim of this study w...	Elimination of snail intermediate host of schistosomiasis has been widely advocated as an arm of integrated control for schistosomiasis . This becomes important as reports now abound on development of praziquantel resistance in schistosomes . Nanotechnology has been applied in control of tropical diseases including sch...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusion" ]	[ "biotechnology", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "engineering", "and", "technology", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "toxicology", "blastulas", "age", "groups", "developmen...	2017	Molluscicidal activities of curcumin-nisin polylactic acid nanoparticle on Biomphalaria pfeifferi
The study of infectious disease has been aided by model organisms , which have helped to elucidate molecular mechanisms and contributed to the development of new treatments; however , the lack of a conceptual framework for unifying findings across models , combined with host variability , has impeded progress and trans...	It is an intuitive assumption that the severity of symptoms suffered during an infection must be linked to pathogen loads . However , the dose–response relationship explaining how health varies with respect to pathogen load is non-linear and can be described as a “disease tolerance curve;” this relationship can vary in...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Experimental", "Procedures" ]	[ "death", "rates", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "chemical", "compounds", "demography", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "carbohydrates", "animals", "organic", "compounds", "glucose", "anim...	2016	How Many Parameters Does It Take to Describe Disease Tolerance?
An estimated 2 . 85 billion people live at risk of Plasmodium vivax transmission . In endemic countries vivax malaria causes significant morbidity and its mortality is becoming more widely appreciated , drug-resistant strains are increasing in prevalence , and an increasing number of reports indicate that P . vivax is ...	Plasmodium vivax is the most frequently transmitted and widely distributed cause of malaria in the world . Each year P . vivax is responsible for approximately 250 million clinical cases of malaria and its global economic burden , placed largely on the poor , has been estimated to exceed US$1 . 4 billion . In contrast ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[ "genome", "sequencing", "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "plasmodium", "malariae", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "biology", "genomics", "malaria", "parasitic", "diseases", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2012	Whole Genome Sequencing of Field Isolates Provides Robust Characterization of Genetic Diversity in Plasmodium vivax
Our ability to interact with the environment hinges on creating a stable visual world despite the continuous changes in retinal input . To achieve visual stability , the brain must distinguish the retinal image shifts caused by eye movements and shifts due to movements of the visual scene . This process appears not to ...	During saccadic eye movements , the image on our retinas is , contrary to subjective experience , highly unstable . This study examines how the brain distinguishes the image perturbations caused by saccades and those due to changes in the visual scene . We first show that participants made severe errors in judging the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ocular", "anatomy", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "learning", "and", "memory", "probability", "distribution", "mathematics", "cognition", "memory", "vision", "eyes", "sensory", "physiology", "computer", "and", "informati...	2016	Causal Inference for Spatial Constancy across Saccades
Metabolically quiescent pathogens can persist in a viable non-replicating state for months or even years . For certain infectious diseases , such as tuberculosis , cryptococcosis , histoplasmosis , latent infection is a corollary of this dormant state , which has the risk for reactivation and clinical disease . During ...	Quiescence/dormancy in microorganism is a common feature that enables survival at the population level . In fungi , quiescence has been studied in the baker yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In Cryptococcus neoformans , dormancy is of great interest since it is known from the natural history of cryptococcosis that dorma...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "methods" ]	[ "cell", "physiology", "cryptococcus", "neoformans", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "cryptococcus", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "microbiology", "cell", "metabolism", "fungi", "hypoxia", "mitochondria", "stat", "proteins", "bioenerge...	2019	Cryptococcus neoformans resists to drastic conditions by switching to viable but non-culturable cell phenotype
With the expansion of offender/arrestee DNA profile databases , genetic forensic identification has become commonplace in the United States criminal justice system . Implementation of familial searching has been proposed to extend forensic identification to family members of individuals with profiles in offender/arrest...	The forensic identification of criminal suspects through DNA profiling is now common in the United States . Indirect identification by familial DNA profiling is increasingly proposed to extend the utility of DNA databases . In familial searching , a DNA profile from a crime scene partially matches a database profile en...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "mathematics", "statistics", "genetics", "population", "genetics", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "probability", "theory" ]	2012	Familial Identification: Population Structure and Relationship Distinguishability
When we perform a cognitive task , multiple brain regions are engaged . Understanding how these regions interact is a fundamental step to uncover the neural bases of behavior . Most research on the interactions between brain regions has focused on the univariate responses in the regions . However , fine grained pattern...	Human behavior is supported by systems of brain regions that exchange information to complete a task . This exchange of information between brain regions leads to statistical relationships between their responses over time . Most likely , these relationships do not link only the mean responses in two brain regions , bu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "diagnostic", "radiology", "functional", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "nervous", "system", "fingers", "brain", "social", "sciences", "limbs", "(anatomy)", "neuroscience", "learning", "and", "memory", "magnetic", "resonance...	2017	Multivariate pattern dependence
Understanding the function of important DNA elements in mammalian stem cell genomes would be enhanced by the availability of deletion collections in which segmental haploidies are precisely characterized . Using a modified Cre-loxP–based system , we now report the creation and characterization of a collection of ∼1 , 3...	Stem cells have received considerable public attention in part because of their potential application in regenerative therapies . Stem cells can be operationally defined as cells that have the unique property to self-renew , as well as to generate more differentiated progeny ( differentiation ) . However , much remains...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology/cell", "differentiation", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics/functional", "genomics" ]	2010	Genome-Wide Interrogation of Mammalian Stem Cell Fate Determinants by Nested Chromosome Deletions
In recent years , highly detailed characterization of adult bone marrow ( BM ) myeloid progenitors has been achieved and , as a result , the impact of somatic defects on different hematopoietic lineage fate decisions can be precisely determined . Fetal liver ( FL ) hematopoietic progenitor cells ( HPCs ) are poorly cha...	The production of red blood cells , platelet-producing megakaryocytes , and immune response-directing granulocytes and monocytes is initiated at an early stage in the developing embryo and continues throughout life . The proportion of each cell type varies depending on the specific needs of the organism . We know that ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "yolk", "sac", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "gene", "regulation", "regulatory", "proteins", "dna-binding", "proteins", "bone", "marrow", "cells", "animal", "models", "physiological", "processes", "developmental", "biology", "model", "orga...	2018	A novel prospective isolation of murine fetal liver progenitors to study in utero hematopoietic defects
Recent developments in cardiovascular modelling allow us to simulate blood flow in an entire human body . Such model can also be used to create databases of virtual subjects , with sizes limited only by computational resources . In this work , we study if it is possible to estimate cardiovascular health indices using m...	Recently there has been a strong trend for self-monitoring of your cardiovascular health and new wearable sport trackers and mobile applications are coming to the market everyday . However , such solutions are mostly taking advantage of heart rate measurement . Other health indices such as blood pressure and pulse wave...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "and", "models", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "cardiovascular", "anatomy", "notch", "signaling", "arteries", "cardiology", "blood", "vessels", "aortic", "valve", "blood", "pressure", "heart", "rate", "signal", "transduction", "anatomy", "cell", "biology", "aorta", "biology...	2019	Pulse transit time estimation of aortic pulse wave velocity and blood pressure using machine learning and simulated training data
Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) encodes respiratory complex subunits essential to almost all eukaryotes; hence respiratory competence requires faithful duplication of this molecule . However , the mechanism ( s ) of its synthesis remain hotly debated . Here we have developed Caenorhabditis elegans as a convenient animal mo...	Defects in the mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) that encodes protein subunits of the respiratory complexes may cause severe metabolic disease in humans . Such defects are often caused by errors during mtDNA synthesis , motivating ongoing studies of this process . The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been proposed as a mo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	A Rolling Circle Replication Mechanism Produces Multimeric Lariats of Mitochondrial DNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
Aurora B kinase is an essential regulator of chromosome segregation with the action well characterized in eukaryotes . It is also implicated in cytokinesis , but the detailed mechanism remains less clear , partly due to the difficulty in separating the latter from the former function in a growing cell . A chemical gene...	The chromosomal passenger complex ( CPC ) is essential for chromosome segregation and cytokinesis in eukaryotes , but the detailed mechanism of cytokinetic regulation remains less clear , partly due to the difficulty in separating the two functions in a growing cell . A chemical genetic approach by adding an inhibitor ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "microbiology/parasitology", "cell", "biology/cell", "growth", "and", "division", "chemical", "biology/chemical", "biology", "of", "the", "cell" ]	2009	The Aurora Kinase in Trypanosoma brucei Plays Distinctive Roles in Metaphase-Anaphase Transition and Cytokinetic Initiation
A major question in chronobiology focuses around the “Bünning hypothesis” which implicates the circadian clock in photoperiodic ( day-length ) measurement and is supported in some systems ( e . g . plants ) but disputed in others . Here , we used the seasonally-regulated thermotolerance of Drosophila melanogaster to te...	The circadian clock consists of an extensive genetic network that drives daily rhythms of physiological , biochemical and behavioural processes . The network is evolutionary conserved and has been extensively studied in a broad range of organisms . Another genetic network constitutes the photoperiodic clock and monitor...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "molecular", "neuroscience", "animal", "genetics", "neuroscience", "animals", "animal", "models", "mutation", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "zoology", "drosophila", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "insects", "arthropoda", "...	2014	Role for Circadian Clock Genes in Seasonal Timing: Testing the Bünning Hypothesis
The main adaptive immune response to bacteria is mediated by B cells and CD4+ T-cells . However , some bacterial proteins reach the cytosol of host cells and are exposed to the host CD8+ T-cells response . Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria can translocate proteins to the cytosol through type III and IV secr...	Bacterial proteins are mainly exposed to B-cells and CD4+ T-cells , while CD8+ T-cells ( CTL ) typically respond to viruses . The limitation of the CTL response to viruses results from processing pathways of epitopes presented to CTLs . These epitopes usually stem from proteins expressed in the cytosol . Such proteins ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "T3SS-effectors", "epitopes", "have", "a", "much", "lower", "affinity", "than", "other", "epitopes", "in", "bacteria", "Intracellular", "bacterial", "toxins", "are", "similar", "to", "Gram", "Negative", "T3SS", "effectors", "in...	[ "algorithms", "computer", "science", "immunology", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology" ]	2011	Bacteria Modulate the CD8+ T Cell Epitope Repertoire of Host Cytosol-Exposed Proteins to Manipulate the Host Immune Response
Gene co-expression has been widely used to hypothesize gene function through guilt-by association . However , it is not clear to what degree co-expression is informative , whether it can be applied to genes involved in different biological processes , and how the type of dataset impacts inferences about gene functions ...	There remain genes with no known function even in the most well studied , model species . One common way to hypothesize gene function is based on the assumption that genes with similar expression profiles tend to have similar functions . However , using datasets and biological pathway information from the model plant A...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "chemical", "compounds", "aliphatic", "amino", "acids", "gene", "regulation", "applied", "mathematics", "brassica", "organic", "compounds", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "algorithms", "gene", "function", "leucine", "model", "organisms", "mathematics", "clustering", "...	2016	Utility and Limitations of Using Gene Expression Data to Identify Functional Associations
The depletion of cholesterol from membranes , mediated by β-cyclodextrin ( β-CD ) is well known and documented , but the molecular details of this process are largely unknown . Using molecular dynamics simulations , we have been able to study the CD mediated extraction of cholesterol from model membranes , in particula...	The ability of certain molecules to capture other molecules forming so-called inclusion complexes has a range of potential important applications in e . g . drug delivery and chemical sensing . Here we study the complexation of cholesterol by small oligosaccharide rings named cyclodextrins ( CDs ) . Cholesterol is an e...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "physics", "computer", "science", "chemistry", "biology" ]	2011	Molecular Mechanism of Cyclodextrin Mediated Cholesterol Extraction
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative , flagellated bacterium that survives in phagocytes and causes Legionnaires’ disease . Upon infection of mammalian macrophages , cytosolic flagellin triggers the activation of Naip/NLRC4 inflammasome , which culminates in pyroptosis and restriction of bacterial replication . Al...	Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease , an atypical pneumophila that affects people worldwide . Besides the clinical importance , L . pneumophila is a very useful model of pathogenic bacteria for investigation of the interactions of innate immune cells with bacterial pathogens . Studies...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "bacteriology", "cell", "death", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "nuclear", "staining", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "cell", "processes", "microbiology", "inflammasomes", "bacteria...	2017	Inhibition of caspase-1 or gasdermin-D enable caspase-8 activation in the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome
Vector-borne diseases are emerging and re-emerging in urban environments throughout the world , presenting an increasing challenge to human health and a major obstacle to development . Currently , more than half of the global population is concentrated in urban environments , which are highly heterogeneous in the exten...	Current theory of the spatial spread of pathogens predicts travelling waves at constant or increasing speed in homogeneous environments . However , in urban environments , increasing and often unregulated development produces a highly heterogeneous landscape . Such heterogeneity affects pathogens spread by insect vecto...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Materials", "And", "Methods" ]	[ "complex", "systems", "physics", "population", "ecology", "urban", "ecology", "mathematics", "theoretical", "biology", "ecology", "population", "modeling", "interdisciplinary", "physics", "applied", "mathematics", "biology", "computational", "biology", "infectious", "diseas...	2011	Decelerating Spread of West Nile Virus by Percolation in a Heterogeneous Urban Landscape
Humans often make decisions based on uncertain sensory information . Signal detection theory ( SDT ) describes detection and discrimination decisions as a comparison of stimulus “strength” to a fixed decision criterion . However , recent research suggests that current responses depend on the recent history of stimuli a...	Understanding how humans make decisions based on uncertain sensory information is crucial to understanding how humans interpret and act on the world . Signal detection theory models discrimination and detection decisions as a comparison of “stimulus strength” to a fixed criterion . In a world that is constantly changin...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "learning", "ellipses", "social", "sciences", "mathematical", "models", "geometry", "learning", "and", "memory", "neuroscience", "cognitive", "psychology", "mathematics", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "cognition", "memory", "distribution", "curves", "vision", "research", ...	2017	Suboptimal Criterion Learning in Static and Dynamic Environments
Trypanosomatid parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of leishmaniasis , a neglected tropical disease with several clinical manifestations . Leishmania major is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) , which is largely characterized by ulcerative lesions appearing on the skin . Curren...	Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ( CL ) is characterized by the appearance of ulcerative lesions on the skin , and results from infection with trypanosomatid parasites such as Leishmania major . Current treatments for CL are expensive and have a wide range of toxic side effects of variable severity . Miltefosine , a recently in...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Fitness and Phenotypic Characterization of Miltefosine-Resistant Leishmania major
In eukaryotes , type 1A topoisomerases ( topos ) act with RecQ-like helicases to maintain the stability of the genome . Despite having been the first type 1A enzymes to be discovered , much less is known about the involvement of the E . coli topo I ( topA ) and III ( topB ) enzymes in genome maintenance . These enzymes...	DNA topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes that solve the topological problems associated with replication , transcription and recombination . Eukaryotic enzymes of the type 1A family work with RecQ-like helicases such as BLM and Sgs1 and are involved in genome maintenance . Interestingly , E . coli topo I , a type 1A e...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "bacteriology", "chromosome", "structure", "and", "function", "microbiology", "escherichia", "coli", "prokaryotic", "models", "model", "organisms", "dna", "replication", "forms", "of", "dna", "dna", "recombination", "dna", "bacterial", "pathogens", "research", "and", ...	2014	Roles of Type 1A Topoisomerases in Genome Maintenance in Escherichia coli
Metagenomics is revolutionizing our understanding of microbial communities , showing that their structure and composition have profound effects on the ecosystem and in a variety of health and disease conditions . Despite the flourishing of new analysis methods , current approaches based on statistical comparisons betwe...	In metagenomics , the composition of complex microbial communities is characterized using Next Generation Sequencing technologies . Thanks to the decreasing cost of sequencing , large amounts of data have been generated for environmental samples and for a variety of health-associated conditions . In parallel there has ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Explaining Diversity in Metagenomic Datasets by Phylogenetic-Based Feature Weighting
Arboviral diseases including dengue are increasingly spreading in the tropical/subtropical world including Africa . Updated knowledge on the distribution and abundance of the major vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus constitutes crucial surveillance action to prepare African countries such as Cameroon for potent...	Aedes albopictus and Ae . aegypti are the most important arbovirus vectors worldwide . Ae . albopictus , native of Asia , was recorded for the first time in early 2000s in Cameroon , central Africa . Previous studies performed a decade ago in Cameroon showed that Ae . albopictus has a geographical distribution limited ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "species", "colonization", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "invasive", "species", "population", "genetics", "geographical", "locations", "animals", "genetic", "mapping", "population", "biology", "ins...	2019	Update on the geographical distribution and prevalence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), two major arbovirus vectors in Cameroon
In the Drosophila germline , transposable elements ( TEs ) are silenced by PIWI-interacting RNA ( piRNA ) that originate from distinct genomic regions termed piRNA clusters and are processed by PIWI-subfamily Argonaute proteins . Here , we explore the variation in the ability to restrain an alien TE in different Drosop...	Transposon activity in the germline is suppressed by the PIWI-interacting RNA ( piRNA ) pathway . The resistance of natural Drosophila strains to transposon invasion varies considerably , but the nature of this variability is unknown . We discovered that natural variation in the efficiency of primary piRNA production i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "reproductive", "system", "retrotransposons", "chromosome", "structure", "and", "function", "animals", "invertebrate", "genomics", "animal", "models", "telomeres", "drosophila", "melanogas...	2017	Natural variation of piRNA expression affects immunity to transposable elements
Pavlovian predictions of future aversive outcomes lead to behavioral inhibition , suppression , and withdrawal . There is considerable evidence for the involvement of serotonin in both the learning of these predictions and the inhibitory consequences that ensue , although less for a causal relationship between the two ...	Serotonin is an evolutionarily ancient neuromodulator probably best known for its role in psychiatric disorders . However , that role has long appeared contradictory to its role in normal function , and indeed its various roles in normal affective behaviors have been hard to reconcile . Here , we model two predominant ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "none", "neurological", "disorders", "neuroscience" ]	2008	Serotonin, Inhibition, and Negative Mood
Recent advances in modeling oxygen supply to cortical brain tissue have begun to elucidate the functional mechanisms of neurovascular coupling . While the principal mechanisms of blood flow regulation after neuronal firing are generally known , mechanistic hemodynamic simulations cannot yet pinpoint the exact spatial a...	The brain’s astonishing cognitive capacity depends on the coordination between neurons and the cerebral circulation , a system known as the neurovascular unit . The spatial and temporal coupling between these two networks is the object of intense research . However , the concise anatomical description of the cerebral c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "cardiovascular", "anatomy", "oxygen", "blood", "counts", "capillaries", "hemodynamics", "arterioles", "blood", "vessels", "chemistry", "hematology", "blood", "plasma", "blood", "flow", "hematocrit", "blood", ...	2018	Simulations of blood as a suspension predicts a depth dependent hematocrit in the circulation throughout the cerebral cortex
Babesia bovis is an apicomplexan tick-transmitted pathogen of cattle imposing a global risk and severe constraints to livestock health and economic development . The complete genome sequence was undertaken to facilitate vaccine antigen discovery , and to allow for comparative analysis with the related apicomplexan hemo...	Vector-transmitted blood parasites cause some of the most widely distributed , serious , and poorly controlled diseases globally , including the most severe form of human malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum . In livestock , tick-transmitted blood parasites include the protozoa Theileria parva , the cause of East Co...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "eukaryotes", "infectious", "diseases", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "microbiology" ]	2007	Genome Sequence of Babesia bovis and Comparative Analysis of Apicomplexan Hemoprotozoa
Numerous lines of evidence point to a genetic basis for facial morphology in humans , yet little is known about how specific genetic variants relate to the phenotypic expression of many common facial features . We conducted genome-wide association meta-analyses of 20 quantitative facial measurements derived from the 3D...	There is a great deal of evidence that genes influence facial appearance . This is perhaps most apparent when we look at our own families , since we are more likely to share facial features in common with our close relatives than with unrelated individuals . Nevertheless , little is known about how variation in specifi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "face", "variant", "genotypes", "genetic", "mapping", "mathematics", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "genome", "analysis", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "genomic", "signal", "pr...	2016	Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Multiple Loci Influencing Normal Human Facial Morphology
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins ( PGRPs ) and commensal microbes mediate pathogen infection outcomes in insect disease vectors . Although PGRP-LD is retained in multiple vectors , its role in host defense remains elusive . Here we report that Anopheles stephensi PGRP-LD protects the vector from malaria parasite infe...	Malaria parasites must overcome several obstacles to complete their development in mosquito . Understanding the interactions between parasites and mosquitoes will provide potential targets to control malaria transmission . PGRP-LD is a peptidoglycan recognition protein , of which limit information is available in insec...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "antimicrobials", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "parasite", "groups", "gut", "bacteria", "body", "fluids", "plasmodium", "drugs", "microbiology", "enterobacter", "infections", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "parasitology", "bacterial", "di...	2018	PGRP-LD mediates A. stephensi vector competency by regulating homeostasis of microbiota-induced peritrophic matrix synthesis
Morphogenesis and pattern formation are vital processes in any organism , whether unicellular or multicellular . But in contrast to the developmental biology of plants and animals , the principles of morphogenesis and pattern formation in single cells remain largely unknown . Although all cells develop patterns , they ...	Cells have the ability to develop complex morphologies , but the mechanisms that determine these varied shapes are not well understood . Cell shape determination can be challenging to study in multicellular organisms because it can be difficult to know whether shape changes are determined internally within an individua...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "cell", "biology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "microbiology", "molecular", "cell", "biology" ]	2014	The Kinase Regulator Mob1 Acts as a Patterning Protein for Stentor Morphogenesis

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.