Split (3)

train · 24.8k rows

Search is not available for this dataset

article stringlengths 4.36k 149k	summary stringlengths 32 3.35k	section_headings listlengths 1 91	keywords listlengths 0 141	year stringclasses 13 values	title stringlengths 20 281
Poly ( ADP-ribose ) polymerase 1 ( PARP1 ) , a nuclear protein , utilizes NAD to synthesize poly ( AD-Pribose ) ( pADPr ) , resulting in both automodification and the modification of acceptor proteins . Substantial amounts of PARP1 and pADPr ( up to 50% ) are localized to the nucleolus , a subnuclear organelle known as...	Ribosome assembly happens primarily in the subnuclear organelle nucleolus . In the nucleolus , ribosomes are assembled into a multmeric complex , composed of rRNA and ribosomal proteins . Although a lot is known about ribosomes and how they function , very little is known about the mechanism that facilitates the assemb...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "gene", "function" ]	2012	Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP-1) Regulates Ribosomal Biogenesis in Drosophila Nucleoli
Clustered copy number variants ( CNVs ) as detected by chromosomal microarray analysis ( CMA ) are often reported as germline chromothripsis . However , such cases might need further investigations by massive parallel whole genome sequencing ( WGS ) in order to accurately define the underlying complex rearrangement , p...	Clustered copy number variants ( CNVs ) as detected by chromosomal microarray are often reported as germline chromoanagenesis . However , such cases might need further investigation by whole genome sequencing ( WGS ) to accurately resolve the complexity of the structural rearrangement and predict underlying mutational ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "microhomology-mediated", "end", "joining", "genome", "sequencing", "non-homologous", "end", "joining", "genome", "analysis", "bioassays", "and", "physiological", "analysis", "dna", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "research", "and", "anal...	2018	Replicative and non-replicative mechanisms in the formation of clustered CNVs are indicated by whole genome characterization
Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous human fungal pathogen . This pathogen can undergo morphotype transition between the yeast and the filamentous form and such morphological transition has been implicated in virulence for decades . Morphotype transition is typically observed during mating , which is governed by phe...	Although morphogenesis and virulence are commonly associated in many eukaryotic pathogens , the nature of such association is often unknown . For example , Cryptococcus neoformans , a fungal pathogen that causes cryptococcal meningitis , typically undergoes morphological transition between the yeast and the filamentous...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "microbiology", "cell", "differentiation", "developmental", "biology", "morphogenesis", "mycology", "cell", "adhesion", "microbial", "pathogens", "biology", "pathogenesis", "cell", "biology", "sexual", "differentiation", "genetics", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "gene", ...	2012	The Link between Morphotype Transition and Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans
High epilepsy prevalence and incidence were observed in onchocerciasis-endemic villages in the Democratic Republic of Congo ( DRC ) . We investigated the clinical characteristics of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy ( OAE ) , and the relationship between seizure severity and microfilarial density . In October 2017 , i...	Several epidemiological surveys suggest that onchocerciasis ( a disease resulting from an infection with the parasite Onchocerca volvulus ) is a cause of epilepsy . We conducted a study to describe the clinical characteristics of persons with epilepsy ( PWE ) living in onchocerciasis-endemic villages in the Democratic ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "cognitive", "neurology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "growth", "restriction", "onchocerca", "volvulus", "integumentary", "system", "helminths", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "onchocerca", "neuroscience", "pediatri...	2019	Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Clinical description and relationship with microfilarial density
Communication between neoplastic cells and cells of their microenvironment is critical to cancer progression . To investigate the role of cytoneme-mediated signaling as a mechanism for distributing growth factor signaling proteins between tumor and tumor-associated cells , we analyzed EGFR and RET Drosophila tumor mode...	The growth of many types of tumors depend on productive interactions with stromal , non-tumor neighbors , and although there is evidence that tumor and stromal cells exchange signaling proteins and growth factors that they produce , the mechanism by which these proteins move between the signaling cells has not been inv...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "paracrine", "signaling", "animals", "epithelial", "cells", "endocrine", "physiology", "oncology", "animal", "models", "developmental", "biology", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "stem", "cells"...	2019	Cytoneme-mediated signaling essential for tumorigenesis
Dynamic network biomarkers ( DNB ) can identify the critical state or tipping point of a disease , thereby predicting rather than diagnosing the disease . However , it is difficult to apply the DNB theory to clinical practice because evaluating DNB at the critical state required the data of multiple samples on each ind...	The concept of dynamic network biomarkers ( DNB ) was proposed for detecting the critical state or tipping point of a complex disease ( a pre-disease state immediately preceding the disease state ) , and has been applied to study the mechanism of cell fate decision and immune checkpoint blockade . But DNB cannot be use...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "endocrine", "tumors", "immunology", "carcinomas", "microbiology", "basic", "cancer", "research", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "biomarkers", "orthomyxoviruses", "cell", ...	2017	Quantifying critical states of complex diseases using single-sample dynamic network biomarkers
Scrub typhus is a neglected tropical disease that causes acute febrile illness . Diagnosis is made based upon serology , or detection of the causative agent–Orientia tsutsugamushi–using PCR or in vitro isolation . The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) is an objective and reproducible means of detecting IgM or...	Scrub typhus is a neglected tropical disease that causes acute fever and can cause serious complications without appropriate antibiotic treatment . Diagnosis is usually made by the detection of specific antibodies or the causative agent–Orientia tsutsugamushi . Specific antibodies can be detected using ELISA technology...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "antimicrobials", "dermatology", "typhus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "drugs", "immunology", "microbiology", "observational", "studies", "bacterial", "diseases", "research", "design", "antibiotics", "pharmacology", "immunologic",...	2019	The validity of diagnostic cut-offs for commercial and in-house scrub typhus IgM and IgG ELISAs: A review of the evidence
The chaperone BiP participates in several regulatory processes within the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) : translocation , protein folding , and ER-associated degradation . To facilitate protein folding , a cooperative mechanism known as entropic pulling has been proposed to demonstrate the molecular-level understanding ...	The misfolding of proteins carries important implications for diseases such as Alzheimer's , Parkinson's , cancer , and diabetes . Once misfolded , proteins tend to associate into aggregates that pose a toxic threat to the cell . Chaperones are proteins that rescue the cell from an accumulation of these maladjusted pro...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Models", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "computer", "and", "information", "sciences", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "computational", "biology", "computerized", "simulations" ]	2014	BiP Clustering Facilitates Protein Folding in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) has been associated with cancer . Targeted inhibition of the EGFR pathway has been shown to limit proliferation of cancerous cells . Hence , we employed Traditional Chinese Medicine Database ( TCM Database@Taiwan ) ( http://tcm . cmu . edu . tw ) to identify p...	Tumor growth is associated with overexpression of epidermal growth factors receptors . Targeted control of EGFR by EGFR inhibitors is an attractive therapy alternative to conventional cancer treatment that offers specificity and reduced adverse effects . The purpose of this study was to identify natural compounds from ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results/Discussion" ]	[ "physics", "computer", "science", "medicinal", "chemistry", "computational", "chemistry", "computer", "modeling", "chemistry", "biology", "computational", "biology", "computerized", "simulations", "biophysics" ]	2011	Identification of Potent EGFR Inhibitors from TCM Database@Taiwan
Cells often mount transcriptional responses and activate specific sets of genes in response to stress-inducing signals such as heat or reactive oxygen species . Transcription factors in the RpoH family of bacterial alternative σ factors usually control gene expression during a heat shock response . Interestingly , seve...	An important property of living systems is their ability to survive under conditions of stress such as increased temperature or the presence of reactive oxygen species . Central to the function of these stress responses are transcription factors that activate specific sets of genes needed for this response . Despite th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "bacteriology", "genome", "expression", "analysis", "microbial", "metabolism", "functional", "genomics", "genome", "evolution", "gene", "regulation", "microbiology", "dna", "transcription", "gene", "function", "microbial", "evolution", "molecular", "genetics", "microbial", ...	2012	Convergence of the Transcriptional Responses to Heat Shock and Singlet Oxygen Stresses
The Esx-1 ( type VII ) secretion system is critical for virulence of both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum , and is highly conserved between the two species . Despite its importance , there has been no direct visualization of Esx-1 secretion until now . In M . marinum , we show that secretion of Mh3...	Mycobacteria represent a major human health problem globally , and there is a pressing need to identify novel processes and mechanisms including therapeutic targets . The Esx-1 secretion system is required for both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum to cause disease , and is absent from vaccine strain...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "immunology/cellular", "microbiology", "and", "pathogenesis", "cell", "biology/cell", "growth", "and", "division", "microbiology/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "cell", "biology/microbial", "growth", "and", "development", "infectious", "diseases/bacterial", "infec...	2009	Polar Localization of Virulence-Related Esx-1 Secretion in Mycobacteria
Brassinosteroids ( BRs ) are steroid hormones essential for plant growth and development . The BR signaling pathway has been studied in some detail , however , the functions of the BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE ( BSK ) family proteins in the pathway have remained elusive . Through forward genetics , we identified fi...	Steroid hormones exist in both animals and plants . Brassinosteroids ( BRs ) are steroid hormones that regulate numerous growth and developmental processes throughout the plant life cycle . Discovered in 2008 , the BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE ( BSK ) protein family is composed of twelve members . However , the fun...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "plant", "anatomy", "plant", "growth", "and", "development", "membrane", "proteins", "developmental", "biology", "protein", "expression", "plant", "science", "seedlings", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "plants", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "res...	2019	BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 3, a plasma membrane-associated scaffold protein involved in early brassinosteroid signaling
With the expansion of soil transmitted helminth ( STH ) intervention efforts and the corresponding decline in infection prevalence , there is an increased need for sensitive and specific STH diagnostic assays . Previously , through next generation sequencing ( NGS ) -based identification and targeting of non-coding , h...	With an at-risk population in the billions , Ascaris lumbricoides is a pathogen of great global importance . In recent years , efforts to control the spread of this parasitic helminth have expanded , resulting in declining infection rates and worm burdens in some regions . While immeasurably important for global health...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "helminths", "animals", "invertebrate", "genomics", "ascaris", "ascaris", "lumbricoides", "genome", "analysis", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "extraction", "techniques", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "sequence", "analysis", "artificial",...	2019	Targeting a highly repeated germline DNA sequence for improved real-time PCR-based detection of Ascaris infection in human stool
Although mitochondrial dysfunction is often accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production , we previously showed that an increase in random somatic mtDNA mutations does not result in increased oxidative stress . Normal levels of ROS and oxidative stress could also be a result of an active compensa...	Mitochondria produce the majority of the energy needed for numerous cell functions through oxidative phosphorylation . However , this comes with the cost in the form of potentially harmful reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) that could damage all kinds of biological macromolecules . Changes in mitochondrial membrane potent...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "animal", "models", "biochemistry", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "model", "organisms", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "bioenergetics", "mouse", "models", "energy-producing", "organelles", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "mitochondrial", "dis...	2014	Loss of UCP2 Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction without Altering ROS Production and Uncoupling Activity
Filarial nematodes cause serious and debilitating infections in human populations of tropical countries , contributing to an entrenched cycle of poverty . Only one human filarial parasite , Brugia malayi , can be maintained in rodents in the laboratory setting . It has been a widely used model organism in experiments t...	Infections with filarial worms cause serious physical impairment and affect tens of millions of people in tropical and subtropical countries . To better understand the biology and pharmacology of these parasites , Brugia malayi is often used as a model . This parasite can be maintained in the laboratory in Mongolian ji...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2016	The Effect of In Vitro Cultivation on the Transcriptome of Adult Brugia malayi
Mosquitoes are natural vectors for many etiologic agents of human viral diseases . Mosquito-borne flaviviruses can persistently infect the mosquito central nervous system without causing dramatic pathology or influencing the mosquito behavior and lifespan . The mechanism by which the mosquito nervous system resists fla...	The central nervous system plays a predominant role in organisms associated with cognition and higher-order functions , which is key to their normal behavior and successful survival . Many mosquito-borne flaviviruses particularly invade the central nervous system in vertebrates , resulting in dramatic neural degenerati...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	A Neuron-Specific Antiviral Mechanism Prevents Lethal Flaviviral Infection of Mosquitoes
Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is a so-called neglected tropical disease , currently overshadowed by higher-profile efforts to address malaria , tuberculosis , and HIV/AIDS . Despite recent successes in arresting transmission , some 40 million people who already have the disease have been largely neglected . This study ai...	Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is a tropical disease causing extreme swelling of the limbs and male genitals . Despite recent successes in preventing transmission of the disease , some 40 million people worldwide who already have the disease have been largely neglected . We aimed to increase understanding of how this vuln...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/health", "policy", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/social", "and", "behavioral", "determinants", "of", "health", "infectious", "diseases/helminth", "infections", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/infectious", "disease...	2007	Neglected Patients with a Neglected Disease? A Qualitative Study of Lymphatic Filariasis
Only two classes of antiviral drugs , neuraminidase inhibitors and adamantanes , are approved for prophylaxis and therapy against influenza virus infections . A major concern is that influenza virus becomes resistant to these antiviral drugs and spreads in the human population . The 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus...	Recently , a 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus was isolated from an immune compromised patient , with antiviral resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitor class of drugs . This virus had an amino acid change in the viral neuraminidase enzyme; an isoleucine at position 223 was substituted for an arginine ( I223R ) . P...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "influenza", "viral", "diseases", "infectious", "disease", "control" ]	2011	Multidrug Resistant 2009 A/H1N1 Influenza Clinical Isolate with a Neuraminidase I223R Mutation Retains Its Virulence and Transmissibility in Ferrets
Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is best known for the disabling and disfiguring clinical conditions that infected patients can develop; providing care for these individuals is a major goal of the Global Programme to Eliminate LF . Methods of locating these patients , knowing their true number and thus providing care for th...	Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) can cause disabling conditions in infected patients including lymphoedema-elephantiasis ( LE ) and hydrocoele . Identifying the number and locations of these patients is the first step towards ensuring that these patients receive the care they require , however there is currently no standard...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "population", "dynamics", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "parasitic", "diseases", "health", "care", "data", "management", "filariasis", "tanzania", "urban", "en...	2017	Lymphatic filariasis patient identification in a large urban area of Tanzania: An application of a community-led mHealth system
Schistosomiasis has reemerged in China , threatening schistosomiasis elimination efforts . Surveillance methods that can identify locations where schistosomiasis has reemerged are needed to prevent the further spread of infections . We tested humans , cows , water buffalo and the intermediate host snail , Oncomelania h...	Schistosomiasis has reemerged in China in regions where it was previously controlled . As reductions in schistosomiasis , a water-born parasitic infection , prompt consideration of schistosomiasis elimination , surveillance strategies that can signal reemergence and prevent further lapses in control are needed . We exa...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/epidemiology", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/global", "health", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases/epidemiology", "and", "control", "of", "infectious", "diseases" ]	2011	Evaluation of Mammalian and Intermediate Host Surveillance Methods for Detecting Schistosomiasis Reemergence in Southwest China
The reservoir and mode of transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans , the causative agent of Buruli ulcer , still remain a mystery . It has been suggested that M . ulcerans persists with difficulty as a free-living organism due to its natural fragility and inability to withstand exposure to direct sunlight , and thus prob...	Mycobacterium ulcerans , the causative agent of Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is an environmental pathogen known to reside in aquatic habitat . However , the reservoir and modes of transmission to humans still remain unknown . M . ulcerans can probably not live freely due to its natural fragility and inability to withstand expos...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "ecology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "microbiology", "molecular", "biology", "parasitology" ]	2014	Investigating the Role of Free-living Amoebae as a Reservoir for Mycobacterium ulcerans
Elucidating gene regulatory network ( GRN ) from large scale experimental data remains a central challenge in systems biology . Recently , numerous techniques , particularly consensus driven approaches combining different algorithms , have become a potentially promising strategy to infer accurate GRNs . Here , we devel...	Elucidating gene regulatory networks is crucial to understand disease mechanisms at the system level . A large number of algorithms have been developed to infer gene regulatory networks from gene-expression datasets . If you remember the success of IBM's Watson in ”Jeopardy ! „ quiz show , the critical features of Wats...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Harnessing Diversity towards the Reconstructing of Large Scale Gene Regulatory Networks
Chikungunya and dengue viruses emerged in Gabon in 2007 , with large outbreaks primarily affecting the capital Libreville and several northern towns . Both viruses subsequently spread to the south-east of the country , with new outbreaks occurring in 2010 . The mosquito species Aedes albopictus , that was known as a se...	Not previously considered an important human arboviral pathogen , the epidemic capacity of Zika virus ( ZIKV , a dengue-related flavivirus ) was revealed by the Micronesia outbreak in 2007 , which affected about 5000 persons . Widely distributed throughout tropical areas of Asia and Africa , ZIKV is transmitted by a br...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "mosquitoes", "rna", "viruses", "emerging", "infectious", "diseases", "vector", "biology", "virology", "viral", "classification", "emerging", "viral", "diseases", "biology", "microbiology", "viral", "vectors" ]	2014	Zika Virus in Gabon (Central Africa) – 2007: A New Threat from Aedes albopictus?
As part of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis ( LF ) , American Samoa conducted mass drug administration ( MDA ) from 2000–2006 , and passed transmission assessment surveys in 2011–2012 . We examined the seroprevalence and spatial epidemiology of LF post-MDA to inform strategies for ongoing surveill...	Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is caused by infection with filarial worms that are transmitted by mosquito bites . Globally , 120 million people are affected , and 40 million are disfigured and disabled by complications such as severe swelling of the legs ( elephantiasis ) . The Global Programme to Eliminate LF ( GPELF ) ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "american", "samoa", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "disease", "eradication", "spatial", "epidemiology", "vector-borne", "diseases", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "parasitic", "diseases", "health", ...	2014	Seroprevalence and Spatial Epidemiology of Lymphatic Filariasis in American Samoa after Successful Mass Drug Administration
Vector-borne diseases represent a threat to human and wildlife populations and mathematical models provide a means to understand and control epidemics involved in complex host-vector systems . The disease model studied here is a host-vector system with a relapsing class of host individuals , used to investigate tick-bo...	An important development in the study of infectious diseases is the application of mathematical models to understand the interplay between various factors that determine epidemiological processes . Vector-borne diseases are additionally complex with interactions between multiple host and vector species . Understanding ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "death", "rates", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "deer", "ixodes", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "ruminants", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "demography", "vector-borne", "diseases", "vertebrates", "animals", "mammals",...	2016	Modeling Relapsing Disease Dynamics in a Host-Vector Community
Icosahedral double-stranded DNA viruses use a single portal for genome delivery and packaging . The extensive structural similarity revealed by such portals in diverse viruses , as well as their invariable positioning at a unique icosahedral vertex , led to the consensus that a particular , highly conserved vertex-port...	Two fundamental events in viral life cycles are the delivery of viral genomes into host cells and the packaging of these genomes into viral protein capsids . In bacteriophages and herpesviruses , these processes occur linearly along the genome , base pair after base pair , through a single portal located at a unique si...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology" ]	2008	Distinct DNA Exit and Packaging Portals in the Virus Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus
A genome-scale RNAi screen was performed in a mammalian cell-based assay to identify modifiers of mutant huntingtin toxicity . Ontology analysis of suppressor data identified processes previously implicated in Huntington's disease , including proteolysis , glutamate excitotoxicity , and mitochondrial dysfunction . In a...	Huntington's disease ( HD ) is an inherited disorder caused by mutation of the gene that encodes the huntingtin protein . The specific mutation that results in disease is an increase in the copies of the amino acid glutamine in a stretch of repeated glutamines at the amino-terminus of the protein . This “expanded polyg...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "neurobiology", "of", "disease", "and", "regeneration", "neuroscience", "gene", "function", "animal", "models", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "molecular", "genetics", "huntington", "disease", "biology", "mouse", "genetic", "screens", "n...	2012	A Genome-Scale RNA–Interference Screen Identifies RRAS Signaling as a Pathologic Feature of Huntington's Disease
The core components of the planar cell polarity ( PCP ) signaling system , including both transmembrane and peripheral membrane associated proteins , form asymmetric complexes that bridge apical intercellular junctions . While these can assemble in either orientation , coordinated cell polarization requires the enrichm...	Many epithelial cells display a level of organization in which cellular structures or appendages are positioned asymmetrically within the cell along an axis perpendicular to the apical-basal axis of the cell . When the direction of this polarization is coordinated within the plane of the epithelium , this phenomenon is...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Clustering and Negative Feedback by Endocytosis in Planar Cell Polarity Signaling Is Modulated by Ubiquitinylation of Prickle
It is now well established that in yeast , and likely most eukaryotic organisms , initial DNA replication of the leading strand is by DNA polymerase ε and of the lagging strand by DNA polymerase δ . However , the role of Pol δ in replication of the leading strand is uncertain . In this work , we use a reporter system i...	Many DNA polymerases are able to proofread their errors: after incorporation of a wrong base , the resulting mispair invokes an exonuclease activity of the polymerase that removes the mispaired base and allows replication to continue . Elimination of the proofreading activity thus results in much higher mutation rates ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Replicative DNA Polymerase δ but Not ε Proofreads Errors in Cis and in Trans
Taenia solium infection causes severe neurological disease in humans . Even though infection and exposure to swine cysticercosis is scattered throughout endemic villages , location of the tapeworm only explains some of the nearby infections and is not related to location of seropositive pigs . Other players might be in...	In endemic areas , pigs acquire cysticercosis when ingesting Taenia solium eggs that have been released into the environment in the feces of a person infected with T . solium . The present study has found evidence that players , such as dung beetles , might be involved in further dissemination of the parasite into the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "and", "occupational", "health", "infectious", "diseases", "veterinary", "diseases", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "veterinary", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "global", "health", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "veterinary", "science" ]	2014	New Insights in Cysticercosis Transmission
The sperm’s crucial function is to locate and fuse with a mature oocyte . Under laboratory conditions , Caenorhabditis elegans sperm are very efficient at navigating the hermaphrodite reproductive tract and locating oocytes . Here , we identify chemosensory and oxygen-sensing circuits that affect the sperm’s navigation...	Habitat loss , disease , climate change , and pollution are thought to negatively affect animal fertility . Sperm are a potential target , but the molecular mechanisms are not understood . The nematode C . elegans is a powerful genetic model to investigate the relationship between environment and male fertility . The h...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "uterus", "meiosis", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "reproductive", "system", "caenorhabditis", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "neuroscience", "animals", "reproductive", "physiology", "germ", "cells", "animal"...	2017	Chemosensory and hyperoxia circuits in C. elegans males influence sperm navigational capacity
Polyploidy has had a considerable impact on the evolution of many eukaryotes , especially angiosperms . Indeed , most—if not all—angiosperms have experienced at least one round of polyploidy during the course of their evolution , and many important crop plants are current polyploids . The occurrence of 2n gametes ( dip...	In the life cycle of sexual organisms , meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes from two sets ( 2n ) to one set ( n ) , while fertilization restores the original chromosome number . However , in case of failure of meiosis to reduce the chromosome number , the fecundation involving the obtained 2n gametes can lead to ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/plant", "genomes", "and", "evolution", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics/plant", "genetics", "and", "gene", "expression", "genetics", "and", "genomics/chromosome", "biology" ]	2008	Mutations in AtPS1 (Arabidopsis thaliana Parallel Spindle 1) Lead to the Production of Diploid Pollen Grains
Evolutionary responses to environmental change depend on the time available for adaptation before environmental degradation leads to extinction . Explicit tests of this relationship are limited to microbes where adaptation usually depends on the sequential fixation of de novo mutations , excluding standing variation fo...	Adaptation under environmental change is expected to depend on the time available for the sequential fixation of mutations , but also on standing variation in genotype-by-environment fitness interactions . In the later circumstances , some genotypes might be initially favored but then disfavored and overtaken by other ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "population", "genetics", "genetic", "mapping", "evolutionary", "adaptation", "population", "biology", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "genotyping", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "genetic", "polymorphism", "molecular", "biology", "evolutionary", "genetics"...	2018	Slower environmental change hinders adaptation from standing genetic variation
Rabies virus ( RABV ) is enzootic throughout Africa , with the domestic dog ( Canis familiaris ) being the principal vector . Dog rabies is estimated to cause 24 , 000 human deaths per year in Africa , however , this estimate is still considered to be conservative . Two sub-Saharan African RABV lineages have been detec...	Rabies virus ( RABV ) is widespread throughout Africa , with the domestic dog being the principal vector . Dog rabies is estimated to cause 24 , 000 human deaths per year in Africa , however , this estimate is still considered to be conservative . Two sub-Saharan African RABV lineages ( Africa 1 and 2 ) are thought to ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "virology/vaccines", "virology/diagnosis", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "virology/animal", "models", "of", "infection", "virology", "virology/emerging", "viral", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases/viral", "infections", "public", "health", "and", ...	2011	Evolutionary History of Rabies in Ghana
A key to the pathogenic success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) , the causative agent of tuberculosis , is the capacity to survive within host macrophages . Although several factors required for this survival have been identified , a comprehensive knowledge of such factors and how they work together to manipulate...	Tuberculosis ( TB ) remains a significant global health problem . One barrier to developing novel approaches to preventing and treating TB is an incomplete understanding of the strategies that the causative bacterium , Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) , uses to survive and cause disease in the host . To systematicall...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "bacteriology", "innate", "immune", "system", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cytokines", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "physiological", "pr...	2017	Systematic, multiparametric analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis intracellular infection offers insight into coordinated virulence
Throughout the last several decades , vaccination has been key to prevent and eradicate infectious diseases . However , many pathogens ( e . g . , respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] , influenza , dengue , and others ) have resisted vaccine development efforts , largely because of the failure to induce potent antibody re...	Vaccines are one of the most valuable instruments to prevent and control infectious diseases . Their primary correlate of protection is the level of induction of neutralizing antibodies that target critical antigenic sites and thereby block infection . Natural infections with pathogens such as the respiratory syncytial...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "physiology", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "viruses", "preventive", "medicine", "immunologic", "adjuvants", "rna", "viruses", "a...	2019	Boosting subdominant neutralizing antibody responses with a computationally designed epitope-focused immunogen
The basal ganglia are important for action selection . They are also implicated in perceptual and cognitive functions that seem far removed from motor control . Here , we tested whether the role of the basal ganglia in selection extends to nonmotor aspects of behavior by recording neuronal activity in the caudate nucle...	The ability to respond selectively to sensory inputs is a crucial brain function , one that is implicated in variety of high-level brain disorders . The basal ganglia are a set of evolutionarily ancient structures best known for their role in controlling motor actions and more recently implicated in nonmotor cognitive ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "decision", "making", "brain", "social", "sciences", "vertebrates", "neuroscience", "animals", "mammals", "motor", "neurons", "primates", "cognitive", "psychology", "cognition", "amniotes", "vision", "monkeys", "animal", "cells",...	2018	Covert spatial selection in primate basal ganglia
Many neglected tropical infectious diseases affecting humans are transmitted by arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks . New mode-of-action chemistries are urgently sought to enhance vector management practices in countries where arthropod-borne diseases are endemic , especially where vector populations have acquired ...	Mosquitoes and other arthropods transmit important disease-causing agents affecting human health worldwide . There is an urgent need to discover new chemistries to control these pests in order to reduce or eliminate arthropod-borne diseases . We describe an approach to identify and evaluate potential insecticide target...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "pest", "control", "drugs", "and", "devices", "global", "health", "chemistry", "biology", "genomics", "neuroscience", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "agriculture" ]	2012	A “Genome-to-Lead” Approach for Insecticide Discovery: Pharmacological Characterization and Screening of Aedes aegypti D1-like Dopamine Receptors
The mechanisms of liver injury associated with chronic HCV infection , as well as the individual roles of both viral and host factors , are not clearly defined . However , it is becoming increasingly clear that direct cytopathic effects , in addition to immune-mediated processes , play an important role in liver injury...	Chronic HCV infection is associated with progressive liver injury and subsequent development of fibrosis/cirrhosis . The cellular mechanisms by which HCV replication , and subsequent virus–host interactions , may mediate liver injury are unclear . Microarray experiments were performed to characterize the host transcrip...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology/effects", "of", "virus", "infection", "on", "host", "gene", "expression", "virology/virulence", "factors", "and", "mechanisms", "virology/animal", "models", "of", "infection" ]	2009	Genomic Analysis Reveals a Potential Role for Cell Cycle Perturbation in HCV-Mediated Apoptosis of Cultured Hepatocytes
For most HIV-infected patients , antiretroviral therapy controls viral replication . However , in some patients drug resistance can cause therapy to fail . Nonetheless , continued therapy with a failing regimen can preserve or even lead to increases in CD4+ T cell counts . To understand the biological basis of these ob...	The impact of antiretroviral drug-resistance on viral load , CD4+ T cells , and clinical outcomes is complex . We used mathematical models to evaluate the benefits of HIV drug therapy in the presence of drug-resistant virus . As an example , we considered resistance to enfuvirtide , the first FDA-approved fusion inhibi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "mathematics", "virology/immunodeficiency", "viruses", "immunology/immune", "response", "virology/antivirals,", "including", "modes", "of", "action", "and", "resistance", "computational", "biology/evolutionary", "modeling", "infectious", "diseases/hiv", "infection", "and", "aid...	2010	Treatment-Mediated Alterations in HIV Fitness Preserve CD4+ T Cell Counts but Have Minimal Effects on Viral Load
Many infectious diseases are not maintained in a state of equilibrium but exhibit significant fluctuations in prevalence over time . For pathogens that consist of multiple antigenic types or strains , such as influenza , malaria or dengue , these fluctuations often take on the form of regular or irregular epidemic outb...	The population dynamics of multi-strain pathogens are often characterized by persistent and irregular fluctuations in disease incidence and strain prevalence levels over time . Previous theoretical approaches have often evoked strong immunological interactions between individual strains , such as cross-immunity , in or...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Natural, Persistent Oscillations in a Spatial Multi-Strain Disease System with Application to Dengue
Altered transcriptional programs are a hallmark of diseases , yet how these are established is still ill-defined . PBX1 is a TALE homeodomain protein involved in the development of different types of cancers . The estrogen receptor alpha ( ERα ) is central to the development of two-thirds of all breast cancers . Here w...	Approximately two-thirds of breast cancers depend on the estrogen receptor alpha ( ERα ) for their growth . Its capacity to act as a transcription factor binding DNA following estrogen stimulation is central to promote a pro-tumorigenic transcriptional response . Importantly , different classes of ERα-positive breast t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "oncology", "medicine", "endocrinology", "biology", "genomics", "diabetes", "and", "endocrinology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2011	PBX1 Genomic Pioneer Function Drives ERα Signaling Underlying Progression in Breast Cancer
Typhoid fever remains a public health problem in Vietnam , with a significant burden in the Mekong River delta region . Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S . Typhi ) , which is frequently multidrug resistant with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolone-based drugs ,...	Typhoid fever remains a serious public health issue in some parts of Vietnam , including the Mekong delta region . Typhoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi , which is frequently multidrug resistant and shows reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolone-based drugs . We assayed single nucleotide variation in the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/infectious", "diseases", "microbiology/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "infectious", "diseases/antimicrobials", "and", "drug", "resistance" ]	2011	Temporal Fluctuation of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Typhi Haplotypes in the Mekong River Delta Region of Vietnam
Mammalian host response to pathogenic infections is controlled by a complex regulatory network connecting regulatory proteins such as transcription factors and signaling proteins to target genes . An important challenge in infectious disease research is to understand molecular similarities and differences in mammalian ...	An important challenge in infectious disease research is to understand how the human immune system responds to different types of pathogenic infections . An important component of mounting proper response is the transcriptional regulatory network that specifies the context-specific gene expression program in the host c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "gene", "regulation", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "viruses", "regulator", "genes", "gene", "types", "small", "interfering", "rnas", "medical", "microbiology", "gene", ...	2016	Integrating Transcriptomic and Proteomic Data Using Predictive Regulatory Network Models of Host Response to Pathogens
To form a veridical percept of the environment , the brain needs to integrate sensory signals from a common source but segregate those from independent sources . Thus , perception inherently relies on solving the “causal inference problem . ” Behaviorally , humans solve this problem optimally as predicted by Bayesian C...	How can the brain integrate signals into a veridical percept of the environment without knowing whether they pertain to same or different events ? For example , I can hear a bird and I can see a bird , but is it one bird singing on the branch , or is it two birds ( one sitting on the branch and the other singing in the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Cortical Hierarchies Perform Bayesian Causal Inference in Multisensory Perception
Classical approaches to estimate vaccine efficacy are based on the assumption that a person's risk of infection does not depend on the infection status of others . This assumption is untenable for infectious disease data where such dependencies abound . We present a novel approach to estimating vaccine efficacy in a Ba...	Less than two decades ago , it was generally believed that in developed countries infectious diseases such as measles , mumps , and pertussis were under firm control via vaccination . Nowadays , it is increasingly recognized that this picture has been overly optimistic . A central question is whether recurrent disease ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "disease", "dynamics", "population", "dynamics", "population", "biology", "biology", "epidemiological", "methods", "infectious", "disease", "control", "infectious", "disease", "mo...	2013	Estimation of Vaccine Efficacy and Critical Vaccination Coverage in Partially Observed Outbreaks
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common cause of invasive mold disease in humans . The mechanisms underlying the adherence of this mold to host cells and macromolecules have remained elusive . Using mutants with different adhesive properties and comparative transcriptomics , we discovered that the gene uge3 , encoding...	Invasive aspergillosis is the most common mold infection in humans , predominately affecting immunocompromised patients . The mechanisms by which the mold Aspergillus fumigatus adheres to host tissues and causes disease are poorly understood . In this report , we compared mutants of Aspergillus with different adhesive ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "fungal", "diseases", "aspergillosis" ]	2013	Aspergillus Galactosaminogalactan Mediates Adherence to Host Constituents and Conceals Hyphal β-Glucan from the Immune System
The development of next-generation sequencing platforms is set to reveal an unprecedented level of detail on short-term molecular evolutionary processes in bacteria . Here we re-analyse genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) datasets for recently emerged clones of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus...	As bacteria diversify , many of the nucleotide changes that emerge will render the cell slightly less competitive , and these mutations will tend to be removed by natural selection . However , this purging process does not happen instantaneously , and this delay allows deleterious mutations to survive in the population...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "bacteriology", "population", "genetics", "evolutionary", "selection", "microbiology", "genome", "sequencing", "mutation", "effective", "population", "size", "microbial", "evolution", "staphylococci", "bacterial", "pathogens", "forms", "of", "evolution", "genetic", "polymor...	2011	The Impact of Recombination on dN/dS within Recently Emerged Bacterial Clones
Viral diseases transmitted via Aedes mosquitoes are on the rise , such as Zika , dengue , and chikungunya . Novel tools to mitigate Aedes mosquitoes-transmitted diseases are urgently needed . We tested whether commercially insecticide-impregnated school uniforms can reduce dengue incidence in school children . We desig...	Viral diseases transmitted via Aedes mosquitoes are on the rise , such as Zika , dengue , and chikungunya . Novel tools to mitigate Aedes mosquitoes-transmitted diseases are urgently needed . We tested whether commercially available insecticide-impregnated school uniforms can reduce dengue incidence in school children ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "education", "chikungunya", "infection", "pathogens", "sociology", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "social", "sciences", "animals", "viruses", "rna", "viruses",...	2017	Mitigating Diseases Transmitted by Aedes Mosquitoes: A Cluster-Randomised Trial of Permethrin-Impregnated School Uniforms
Mammalian X chromosomes evolved under various mechanisms including sexual antagonism , the faster-X process , and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation ( MSCI ) . These forces may contribute to nonrandom chromosomal distribution of sex-biased genes . In order to understand the evolution of gene content on the X chromosom...	Some evolutionary theories predict that the X chromosome will be enriched for genes with male functions . However , recent studies showed there had been gene traffic in which autosomal male-biased genes were retroposed from X-linked parental genes . A question remains about whether this pattern also holds for all types...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology/human", "evolution", "evolutionary", "biology/bioinformatics", "evolutionary", "biology/genomics" ]	2010	Chromosomal Redistribution of Male-Biased Genes in Mammalian Evolution with Two Bursts of Gene Gain on the X Chromosome
Genetic reassortment of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses ( HPAI ) with currently circulating human influenza A strains is one possibility that could lead to efficient human-to-human transmissibility . Domestic pigs which are susceptible to infection with both human and avian influenza A viruses are one of...	Highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of H5N1 subtype have spread through Eurasia and Africa with continuing cases of human infection , suggesting the potential to become a pandemic influenza virus . Pigs which are susceptible to infection with both human and avian influenza A viruses are one of the natural hosts...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "virology/emerging", "viral", "diseases", "virology/animal", "models", "of", "infection", "virology" ]	2008	Domestic Pigs Have Low Susceptibility to H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses
Hantaviruses are zoonotic viruses transmitted to humans by persistently infected rodents , giving rise to serious outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) or of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ( HPS ) , depending on the virus , which are associated with high case fatality rates . There is only limited ...	Hantaviruses belong to the Bunyaviridae family of enveloped viruses . This family englobes in total five established genera: Tospovirus ( infecting plants ) , and Phlebovirus , Orthobunyavirus , Nairovirus and Hantavirus infecting animals , some of which cause serious disease in humans . An important characteristic of ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "chemical", "bonding", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "vesicles", "crystal", "structure", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "condensed", "matter", "physics", "microbiology", "viral", "structure", "neuroscience", "viruses", "membrane", ...	2016	Mechanistic Insight into Bunyavirus-Induced Membrane Fusion from Structure-Function Analyses of the Hantavirus Envelope Glycoprotein Gc
The current outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in Upper West Africa is the largest ever recorded . Molecular evidence suggests spread has been almost exclusively through human-to-human contact . Social factors are thus clearly important to understand the epidemic and ways in which it might be stopped , but these factors h...	Ebola virus disease is a disease of social intimacy . The main infection pathways are through nursing of the sick and through preparation of corpses for burial . In African rural communities these are activities mainly undertaken by close family members . Infection thus spreads to those most intimate with the patient ....	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Social Pathways for Ebola Virus Disease in Rural Sierra Leone, and Some Implications for Containment
The present study aimed to evaluate a hypothetical Leishmania amastigote-specific protein ( LiHyp1 ) , previously identified by an immunoproteomic approach performed in Leishmania infantum , which showed homology to the super-oxygenase gene family , attempting to select a new candidate antigen for specific serodiagnosi...	Life-long immunity to leishmaniasis in recovered patients has inspired the development of vaccines against disease . The present study aimed to evaluate a non-described hypothetical Leishmania amastigote-specific protein , identified by an immunoproteomic approach in L . infantum , attempting to select a new candidate ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "veterinary", "immunology", "veterinary", "diseases", "veterinary", "diagnostics", "zoonotic", "diseases", "leishmaniasis", "parasitic", "diseases", "veterinary", "science", "veterinary", "medicine" ]	2013	Antigenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Leishmania Amastigote-specific Protein, Member of the Super-oxygenase Family, against Visceral Leishmaniasis
Septic pneumonias resulting from bacterial infections of the lung are a leading cause of human death worldwide . Little is known about the capacity of CD8 T cell-mediated immunity to combat these infections and the types of effector functions that may be most effective . Pneumonic plague is an acutely lethal septic pne...	Bacterial pneumonia is one of the most common causes of death worldwide . Pulmonary infection of bacterium Yersinia pestis , the causative agent of plague , results in pneumonic plague and is extremely lethal . Mouse models of pulmonary Y . pestis infection are considered translational tools for the development of pneu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "cytokines", "immunity", "to", "infections", "immunology", "microbiology", "bacterial", "diseases", "developmental", "biology", "yersinia", "molecular", "development", "yersinia", "pseudotubercu...	2014	TNFα and IFNγ but Not Perforin Are Critical for CD8 T Cell-Mediated Protection against Pulmonary Yersinia pestis Infection
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is arguably the world’s best-understood bacterial pathogen . However , crucial details about the genetic programs used by the bacterium to survive and replicate in macrophages have remained obscure because of the challenge of studying gene expression of intracellular pathogens du...	The burden of Salmonellosis remains unacceptably high throughout the world and control measures have had limited success . Because Salmonella bacteria can be transmitted from the wider environment to animals and humans , the bacteria encounter diverse environments that include food , water , plant surfaces and the extr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	RNA-seq Brings New Insights to the Intra-Macrophage Transcriptome of Salmonella Typhimurium
Because DNA packaging in nucleosomes modulates its accessibility to transcription factors ( TFs ) , unraveling the causal determinants of nucleosome positioning is of great importance to understanding gene regulation . Although there is evidence that intrinsic sequence specificity contributes to nucleosome positioning ...	The DNA of all eukaryotic organisms is packaged into nucleosomes , which cover roughly of the genome . As nucleosome positioning profoundly affects DNA accessibility to other DNA binding proteins such as transcription factors ( TFs ) , it plays an important role in transcription regulation . However , to what extent nu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "sequence", "analysis", "systems", "biology", "genomics", "chromosome", "biology", "biophysic", "al", "simulations", "regulatory", "networks", "biology", "epigenomics", "computational", "biology", "chromatin" ]	2013	Nucleosome Free Regions in Yeast Promoters Result from Competitive Binding of Transcription Factors That Interact with Chromatin Modifiers
The simian malaria parasite , Plasmodium knowlesi , can cause severe and fatal disease in humans yet it is rarely included in routine public health reporting systems for malaria and its geographical range is largely unknown . Because malaria caused by P . knowlesi is a truly neglected tropical disease , there are subst...	Plasmodium knowlesi is a malaria parasite found in monkeys which can infect humans via mosquito bites . People infected with the P . knowlesi parasite can suffer severe disease and death yet this disease has often been misdiagnosed as a different malaria type and its geographical distribution is largely unknown . The l...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "and", "occupational", "health", "infectious", "diseases", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "epidemiology", "global", "health", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "microbiology" ]	2014	Defining the Geographical Range of the Plasmodium knowlesi Reservoir
Retroviruses have evolved multiple means to counteract host restriction factors such as single-stranded DNA-specific deoxycytidine deaminases ( APOBEC3s , A3s ) . These include exclusion of A3s from virions by an A3-unreactive nucleocapsid or expression of an A3-neutralizing protein ( Vif , Bet ) . However , a number o...	Retroviruses have evolved multiple means for evading host restriction factors such as APOBEC3 proteins that lethally deaminate the intermediate product of reverse transcription reaction–single-stranded cDNA . Mouse mammary tumor virus ( MMTV ) , although it does not encode an APOBEC3-neutralizing gene product and packa...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "nucleic", "acid", "synthesis", "microbial", "mutation", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "nucleases", "enzymes", "pathogens", "microbiology", "dna-binding", "proteins", "viral", "structure", "enzymology", "plasmid", ...	2019	A high rate of polymerization during synthesis of mouse mammary tumor virus DNA alleviates hypermutation by APOBEC3 proteins
The spiking activity of single neurons can be well described by a nonlinear integrate-and-fire model that includes somatic adaptation . When exposed to fluctuating inputs sparsely coupled populations of these model neurons exhibit stochastic collective dynamics that can be effectively characterized using the Fokker-Pla...	Characterizing the dynamics of biophysically modeled , large neuronal networks usually involves extensive numerical simulations . As an alternative to this expensive procedure we propose efficient models that describe the network activity in terms of a few ordinary differential equations . These systems are simple to s...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "action", "potentials", "neural", "networks", "engineering", "and", "technology", "signal", "processing", "membrane", "potential", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "signal", "filtering", "mathematics", "algebra", "network", "an...	2017	Low-dimensional spike rate models derived from networks of adaptive integrate-and-fire neurons: Comparison and implementation
There are many well-known examples of proteins with low sequence similarity , adopting the same structural fold . This aspect of sequence-structure relationship has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically , however with limited success . Most of the studies consider remote homology or “sequence c...	Proteins are polymers of amino-acids that fold into unique three-dimensional structures to perform cellular functions . This structure formation has been shown to depend on the amino-acid sequences . But examples of proteins with diverse sequences retaining a similar structural fold are quite substantial that we can no...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "protein", "structure", "biology", "computational", "biology", "macromolecular", "structure", "analysis" ]	2012	Insights into the Fold Organization of TIM Barrel from Interaction Energy Based Structure Networks
Embedded within large-scale protein interaction networks are signaling pathways that encode response cascades in the cell . Unfortunately , even for well-studied species like S . cerevisiae , only a fraction of all true protein interactions are known , which makes it difficult to reason about the exact flow of signals ...	Networks of protein interactions encode a variety of molecular processes occurring in the cell . Embedded within these networks are important subnetworks called signaling pathways . Pathways are initiated by upstream proteins ( called sources ) that receive signals from the environment and trigger a cascade of informat...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "algorithms", "systems", "biology", "computer", "science", "signaling", "networks", "biology", "computational", "biology" ]	2012	A Network-based Approach for Predicting Missing Pathway Interactions
The bunyavirus genome comprises a small ( S ) , medium ( M ) , and large ( L ) RNA segment of negative polarity . Although genome segmentation confers evolutionary advantages by enabling genome reassortment events with related viruses , genome segmentation also complicates genome replication and packaging . Accumulatin...	The bunyavirus family is one of the largest virus families on Earth , of which several members cause severe disease in humans , animals or plants . Little is known about the mechanisms that facilitate the production of infectious bunyavirus virions , which should contain at least one copy of the small ( S ) , medium ( ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "vero", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "rift", "valley", "fever", "virus", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "biological", "cultures", "microbiology", "viral", "structure", "viruses", "rna", "viruses", "bunyaviruses", "micro...	2016	Single-Molecule FISH Reveals Non-selective Packaging of Rift Valley Fever Virus Genome Segments
Broad-scale geographic gradients in species richness have now been extensively documented , but their historical underpinning is still not well understood . While the importance of productivity , temperature , and a scale dependence of the determinants of diversity is broadly acknowledged , we argue here that limitatio...	Understanding what determines the distribution of biodiversity across the planet remains one of the critical challenges in biology and has gained particular urgency in the face of environmental change and accelerating species extinctions . Our study develops a novel analytical framework to jointly evaluate historical a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "ecology", "biology" ]	2012	Global Gradients in Vertebrate Diversity Predicted by Historical Area-Productivity Dynamics and Contemporary Environment
The Unfolded Protein Response of the endoplasmic reticulum ( UPRER ) controls proteostasis by adjusting the protein folding capacity of the ER to environmental and cell-intrinsic conditions . In metazoans , loss of proteostasis results in degenerative and proliferative diseases and cancers . The cellular and molecular ...	Loss of proper protein homeostasis ( proteostasis ) as well as increased production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) is a hallmark of aging . In complex metazoans , these processes can result in proliferative diseases and cancers . The protein folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is monitored and main...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "biology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences" ]	2014	Integration of UPRER and Oxidative Stress Signaling in the Control of Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation
Malaria in pregnancy threatens birth outcomes and the health of women and their newborns . This is also the case in low transmission areas , such as Colombia , where Plasmodium vivax is the dominant parasite species . Within the Colombian health system , which underwent major reforms in the 90s , malaria treatment is p...	Malaria in pregnancy is a harsh and undesirable illness and is the cause of adverse effects on birth outcomes and on the health of women and newborns . Despite the low transmission , the predominance of Plasmodium vivax over Plasmodium falciparum and free treatment , estimated costs incurred by pregnant women seeking m...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "parasite", "groups", "plasmodium", "engineering", "and", "technology", "transportation", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "social", "sciences", "indirect", "costs", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitology", "hea...	2018	Patients’ costs, socio-economic and health system aspects associated with malaria in pregnancy in an endemic area of Colombia
The contributions of the Sgs1 , Mph1 , and Srs2 DNA helicases during mitotic double-strand break ( DSB ) repair in yeast were investigated using a gap-repair assay . A diverged chromosomal substrate was used as a repair template for the gapped plasmid , allowing mismatch-containing heteroduplex DNA ( hDNA ) formed duri...	Chromosomal damage that occurs during normal cell division can be repaired using an intact sequence elsewhere in the genome as a template . This process , termed homologous recombination , is crucial for the repair of a particularly deleterious lesion , the DNA double-strand break . Although recombination is a repair p...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "molecular", "genetics", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "gene", "function" ]	2013	Heteroduplex DNA Position Defines the Roles of the Sgs1, Srs2, and Mph1 Helicases in Promoting Distinct Recombination Outcomes
Severe leptospirosis is frequently complicated by a hemorrhagic diathesis , of which the pathogenesis is still largely unknown . Thrombocytopenia is common , but often not to the degree that spontaneous bleeding is expected . We hypothesized that the hemorrhagic complications are not only related to thrombocytopenia , ...	Bleeding is a frequent complication of leptospirosis , a disease caused by the pathogenic spirochaete Leptospira . Although thrombocytopenia is common , studies have shown that it does not fully explain the bleeding events seen in these patients . We hypothesized that platelet dysfunction plays a role in the developmen...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "fibrinogen", "platelet", "aggregation", "tropical", "diseases", "platelet", "activation", "bacterial", "diseases", "signs", "and", "symptoms", "...	2017	Platelet dysfunction contributes to bleeding complications in patients with probable leptospirosis
The eukaryotic TFIIH complex is involved in Nucleotide Excision Repair and transcription initiation . We analyzed three yeast mutations of the Rad3/XPD helicase of TFIIH known as rem ( recombination and mutation phenotypes ) . We found that , in these mutants , incomplete NER reactions lead to replication fork breaking...	TFIIH is a protein complex that functions in the repair of bulky adducts distorting the DNA via the pathway of Nucleotide Excision Repair , and in transcription initiation and transactivation , the latter being a specific transcription activation process occurring in response to hormones . We have taken advantage of th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "dna", "damage", "biochemistry", "nucleotide", "excision", "repair", "genetic", "disorders", "dna", "replication", "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "dna", "repair", "dna", "genetics", "of", "disease", "molecular", "biology" ]	2014	The rem Mutations in the ATP-Binding Groove of the Rad3/XPD Helicase Lead to Xeroderma pigmentosum-Cockayne Syndrome-Like Phenotypes
Dengue illness causes 50–100 million infections worldwide and threatens 2 . 5 billion people in the tropical and subtropical regions . Little is known about the disease burden and economic impact of dengue in higher resourced countries or the cost-effectiveness of potential dengue vaccines in such settings . We estimat...	Dengue illness is a tropical disease transmitted by mosquitoes that threatens more than one third of the worldwide population . Dengue has important economic consequences because of the burden to hospitals , work absenteeism and risk of death of symptomatic cases . Governments attempt to reduce the disease burden using...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "socioeconomic", "aspects", "of", "health", "environmental", "health", "science", "policy", "and", "economics", "non-clinical", "medicine", "health", "economics", "cost-benefit", "analysis", "science", "policy", "dengue", "fever", "...	2011	Economic Impact of Dengue Illness and the Cost-Effectiveness of Future Vaccination Programs in Singapore
The recently identified restriction factor tetherin/BST-2/CD317 is an interferon-inducible trans-membrane protein that restricts HIV-1 particle release in the absence of the HIV-1 countermeasure viral protein U ( Vpu ) . It is known that Tantalus monkey CV1 cells can be rendered non-permissive to HIV-1 release upon sti...	Pathogenic viruses have been infecting mammals throughout their evolution , exerting selective pressure to evolve systems to limit or eliminate these parasites . For example , intracellular proteins called restriction factors specifically restrict viral infection by targeting important viral processes . The restriction...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "infectious", "diseases", "virology/virulence", "factors", "and", "mechanisms", "evolutionary", "biology/human", "evolution", "virology/virion", "structure,", "assembly,", "and", "egress", "virology/immunodefi...	2009	Mutation of a Single Residue Renders Human Tetherin Resistant to HIV-1 Vpu-Mediated Depletion
Characterisation of the T cell receptors ( TCR ) involved in immune responses is important for the design of vaccines and immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune disease . The specificity of the interaction between the TCR heterodimer and its peptide-MHC ligand derives largely from the juxtaposed hypervariable CDR3 r...	Our repertoires of T cell receptors ( TCR ) give our immune system the ability to recognise a huge diversity of foreign and self antigens , and identifying the TCRs involved in infectious disease , cancer , and autoimmune disease is important for designing vaccines and immunotherapies . The majority of T cells express ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "sequencing", "techniques", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "immune", "physiology", "applied", "mathematics", "immunology", "cloning", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "algorithms", "mathematics", "molecular", "biology", "te...	2017	Identifying T Cell Receptors from High-Throughput Sequencing: Dealing with Promiscuity in TCRα and TCRβ Pairing
The apple is the most common and culturally important fruit crop of temperate areas . The elucidation of its origin and domestication history is therefore of great interest . The wild Central Asian species Malus sieversii has previously been identified as the main contributor to the genome of the cultivated apple ( Mal...	The apple , one of the most ubiquitous and culturally important temperate fruit crops , provides us with a unique opportunity to study the process of domestication in trees . The number and identity of the progenitors of the domesticated apple and the erosion of genetic diversity associated with the domestication proce...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "forestry", "plant", "science", "plant", "evolution", "plant", "biology", "crops", "genetics", "plant", "genetics", "population", "genetics", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology", "molecular", "genetics", "evolutionary", "genetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "agric...	2012	New Insight into the History of Domesticated Apple: Secondary Contribution of the European Wild Apple to the Genome of Cultivated Varieties
Misfolded proteins in transgenic models of conformational diseases interfere with proteostasis machinery and compromise the function of many structurally and functionally unrelated metastable proteins . This collateral damage to cellular proteins has been termed 'bystander' mechanism . How a single misfolded protein ov...	Correct protein folding and localization ensures cellular health . Dedicated proteostasis machinery assists in protein folding and protects against misfolding . Yet , folding mutations cause many conformational diseases , including neurodegenerative diseases and certain types of diabetes and cancer . Misfolded disease-...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "protein", "transport", "cell", "processes", "neuroscience", "developmental", "biology", "protein", "expression", "chaperone", "proteins", "nerve", "fibers", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "embryos", "neuronal", "dendrites", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods"...	2016	A Bystander Mechanism Explains the Specific Phenotype of a Broadly Expressed Misfolded Protein
Spatial attention is most often investigated in the visual modality through measurement of eye movements , with primates , including humans , a widely-studied model . Its study in laboratory rodents , such as mice and rats , requires different techniques , owing to the lack of a visual fovea and the particular ethologi...	The management of attention is central to animal behaviour and a central theme of study in both neuroscience and psychology . Attention is usually studied in the visual system ( most often using cats or primates ) owing to the ease of generating controlled visual stimuli and of measuring its expression through eye move...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	Whisker Movements Reveal Spatial Attention: A Unified Computational Model of Active Sensing Control in the Rat
Neisseria adhesin A ( NadA ) is present on the meningococcal surface and contributes to adhesion to and invasion of human cells . NadA is also one of three recombinant antigens in the recently-approved Bexsero vaccine , which protects against serogroup B meningococcus . The amount of NadA on the bacterial surface is of...	Serogroup B meningococcus ( MenB ) causes fatal sepsis and invasive meningococcal disease , particularly in young children and adolescents , as highlighted by recent MenB outbreaks in universities of the United States and Canada . The Bexsero vaccine protects against MenB and has recently been approved in > 35 countrie...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "dimers", "(chemical", "physics)", "chemical", "characterization", "crystal", "structure", "chemical", "compounds", "salicylic", "acid", "nmr", "spectroscopy", "condensed", "matter", "physics", "dna-binding", "proteins", "crystallography", "research", "and", "analysis", "...	2016	Molecular Basis of Ligand-Dependent Regulation of NadR, the Transcriptional Repressor of Meningococcal Virulence Factor NadA
Adeno-associated viruses ( AAV ) have evolved to exploit the dynamic reorganization of host cell machinery during co-infection by adenoviruses and other helper viruses . In the absence of helper viruses , host factors such as the proteasome and DNA damage response machinery have been shown to effectively inhibit AAV tr...	Mammalian cells have developed diverse innate/intrinsic immune strategies to counteract viral infections . Post-entry infection steps of a single-strand DNA virus , adeno-associated virus ( AAV ) , are subject to such restrictions . Here , we screened an siRNA library to identify a novel cellular factor involved in AAV...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	An siRNA Screen Identifies the U2 snRNP Spliceosome as a Host Restriction Factor for Recombinant Adeno-associated Viruses
Dissolution of many plant viruses is thought to start with swelling of the capsid caused by calcium removal following infection , but no high-resolution structures of swollen capsids exist . Here we have used microsecond all-atom molecular simulations to describe the dynamics of the capsid of satellite tobacco necrosis...	We have studied the capsid of satellite tobacco necrosis virus using large scale molecular dynamics simulations , where the atomic motions of 1 , 2 million particles were tracked over one microsecond . We find that the capsid swells in the simulations , and that the permeability for water increases 10-fold upon removal...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "molecular", "dynamics", "plant", "biology", "macromolecular", "assemblies", "plant", "science", "plant", "pathology", "biophysics", "simulations", "chemistry", "biology", "biophysics", "macromolecular", "complex", "analysis", "plant", "pathogens", "computational", "chemist...	2012	Virus Capsid Dissolution Studied by Microsecond Molecular Dynamics Simulations
During mouse sex determination , transient expression of the Y-linked gene Sry up-regulates its direct target gene Sox9 , via a 3 . 2 kb testis specific enhancer of Sox9 ( TES ) , which includes a core 1 . 4 kb element , TESCO . SOX9 activity leads to differentiation of Sertoli cells , rather than granulosa cells from ...	SOX9 , a member of the SOX family of developmental transcription factors related to the Y-chromosomal sex-determining factor SRY , plays pivotal roles in cell differentiation in a variety of developmental contexts including formation of the testes , skeleton , brain , skin , pancreas , gut and kidneys . During mammalia...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "reproductive", "system", "gonads", "developmental", "biology", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "embryos", "immunologic", "techniques", "morphogenesis", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "embryology", "artificial", "g...	2017	Normal Levels of Sox9 Expression in the Developing Mouse Testis Depend on the TES/TESCO Enhancer, but This Does Not Act Alone
The ubiquitin proteasome system in plants plays important roles in plant-microbe interactions and in immune responses to pathogens . We previously demonstrated that the rice U-box E3 ligase SPL11 and its Arabidopsis ortholog PUB13 negatively regulate programmed cell death ( PCD ) and defense response . However , the co...	Rice diseases are the major threat for stable rice production and food security worldwide . Deep understanding of the disease resistance pathway in rice is essential for effective control of the diseases . Although rice contains many E3 ubiquitin ligases , the function of their substrates in immune responses is still n...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	The RhoGAP SPIN6 Associates with SPL11 and OsRac1 and Negatively Regulates Programmed Cell Death and Innate Immunity in Rice
Among hereditary colorectal cancer predisposing syndromes , Lynch syndrome ( LS ) caused by mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1 , MSH2 , MSH6 or PMS2 is the most common . Patients with LS have an increased risk of early onset colon and endometrial cancer , but also other tumors that generally have an earlier on...	Genetic anticipation is a phenomenon where symptoms of a hereditary disease appear at an earlier age and/or are more severe in successive generations . In genetic disorders such as Fragile X syndrome , Myotonic dystrophy type 1 and Huntington disease , anticipation is caused by the expansion of unstable trinucleotide r...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "cancer", "detection", "and", "diagnosis", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "genetic", "diseases", "cancer", "risk", "factors", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "oncology", "mutation", "hereditary", "nonpolyposis", "colorectal", "cancer", "mismatch", "repair", "...	2017	Genetic anticipation in Swedish Lynch syndrome families
Many insects navigate by integrating the distances and directions travelled on an outward path , allowing direct return to the starting point . Fundamental to the reliability of this process is the use of a neural compass based on external celestial cues . Here we examine how such compass information could be reliably ...	We propose a new hypothesis for how insects process polarised skylight to extract global orientation information that can be used for accurate path integration . Our model solves the problem of solar-antisolar meridian ambiguity by using a biologically constrained sensor array , and includes methods to deal with tilt a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "compasses", "engineering", "and", "technology", "locusts", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "animals", "insect", "pests", "animal", "behavior", "deserts", "eye...	2019	From skylight input to behavioural output: A computational model of the insect polarised light compass
MOB1 protein is a core component of the Hippo signaling pathway in animals where it is involved in controlling tissue growth and tumor suppression . Plant MOB1 proteins display high sequence homology to animal MOB1 proteins , but little is known regarding their role in plant growth and development . Herein we report th...	MOB1 protein is a key component of the Hippo signaling pathway in animals , and it plays critical roles in organ size control . The plant hormone auxin regulates many aspects of plant growth and development including organogenesis . In this work , we showed that AtMOB1A , which is highly homologous to animal MOB1 prote...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "plant", "anatomy", "plant", "growth", "and", "development", "plant", "embryo", "anatomy", "animals", "hormones", "animal", "signaling", "and", "communication", "organisms", "animal", "models", "developmental", "biology", "plant", "science", "model", ...	2016	NCP1/AtMOB1A Plays Key Roles in Auxin-Mediated Arabidopsis Development
Homologous recombination is an important mechanism for the repair of DNA damage in mitotically dividing cells . Mitotic crossovers between homologues with heterozygous alleles can produce two homozygous daughter cells ( loss of heterozygosity ) , whereas crossovers between repeated genes on non-homologous chromosomes c...	Most higher organisms have two copies of several different types of chromosomes . For example , the human female has 23 pairs of chromosomes . Although the chromosome pairs have very similar sequences , they are not identical . Members of a chromosome pair can swap segments from one chromosome to the other; these excha...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/genome", "projects", "genetics", "and", "genomics/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/cancer", "genetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/chromosome", "biology" ]	2009	A Fine-Structure Map of Spontaneous Mitotic Crossovers in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Detailed studies of individual genes have shown that gene expression divergence often results from adaptive evolution of regulatory sequence . Genome-wide analyses , however , have yet to unite patterns of gene expression with polymorphism and divergence to infer population genetic mechanisms underlying expression evol...	Changes in patterns of gene expression likely contribute greatly to phenotypic differences among closely related organisms . However , the evolutionary mechanisms , such as Darwinian selection and random genetic drift , which are underlying differences in patterns of expression , are only now being understood on a geno...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology", "drosophila", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2007	Adaptive Gene Expression Divergence Inferred from Population Genomics
Biomarkers that drift differentially with age between normal and premalignant tissues , such as Barrett’s esophagus ( BE ) , have the potential to improve the assessment of a patient’s cancer risk by providing quantitative information about how long a patient has lived with the precursor ( i . e . , dwell time ) . In t...	Barrett’s Esophagus ( BE ) is a metaplastic precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma ( EAC ) . When a patient is diagnosed with BE , it is generally not known how long he/she has had this condition because BE is asymptomatic . While the question of how long a premalignant tissue or lesion has been resident in an organ ( ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "biopsy", "carcinomas", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "surgical", "and", "invasive", "medical", "procedures", "health", "care", "oncology", "systems", "science", "mathematics", "endoscopy", "probability", "distribution", "gastro...	2016	A Molecular Clock Infers Heterogeneous Tissue Age Among Patients with Barrett’s Esophagus
Advances in the computational identification of functional noncoding polymorphisms will aid in cataloging novel determinants of health and identifying genetic variants that explain human evolution . To date , however , the development and evaluation of such techniques has been limited by the availability of known regul...	Computational techniques are used in biology to prioritize DNA sequence variants ( or polymorphisms ) that may be responsible for population diversity and the manifestation of species-specific traits . Predominantly , they have been used to predict the class of polymorphisms that alter protein function through allele-s...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology", "homo", "(human)", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "computational", "biology" ]	2007	A Survey of Genomic Properties for the Detection of Regulatory Polymorphisms
Replication of plus-stranded RNA viruses is greatly affected by numerous host-coded proteins acting either as susceptibility or resistance factors . Previous genome-wide screens and global proteomics approaches with Tomato bushy stunt tombusvirus ( TBSV ) in a yeast model host revealed the involvement of cyclophilins ,...	Replication of plus-stranded RNA viruses , which are important pathogens of humans , animals and plants , can be inhibited by host-coded proteins . In this paper , the authors show that the Cyp40-like Cpr7p prolyl isomerase of yeast can effectively inhibit tombusvirus replication . This inhibition is due to binding of ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "plant", "science", "plant", "biology", "biology", "microbiology" ]	2012	The TPR Domain in the Host Cyp40-like Cyclophilin Binds to the Viral Replication Protein and Inhibits the Assembly of the Tombusviral Replicase
Multiple discrete regions at 8q24 were recently shown to contain alleles that predispose to many cancers including prostate , breast , and colon . These regions are far from any annotated gene and their biological activities have been unknown . Here we profiled a 5-megabase chromatin segment encompassing all the risk r...	Genome-wide scans of inherited genetic variation in the normal population have recently identified many sites ( loci ) associated with the predisposition to complex diseases such as cancer . Some of these cancer-associated loci , however , are devoid of genes ( situated in so-called “gene deserts” ) and the mechanism (...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/epigenetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/cancer", "genetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/functional", "genomics" ]	2009	Functional Enhancers at the Gene-Poor 8q24 Cancer-Linked Locus
Community-acquired ( CA ) Staphylococcus aureus cause various diseases even in healthy individuals . Enhanced virulence of CA-strains is partly attributed to increased production of toxins such as phenol-soluble modulins ( PSM ) . The pathogen is internalized efficiently by mammalian host cells and intracellular S . au...	Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious microbe that causes a variety of diseases in man ranging from skin abscesses to blood poisoning . S . aureus can be internalized by cells of its human host , break out of membrane enclosures , and subsequently kill the cells from within . For these processes the bacterium usually em...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "cell", "death", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "pathogens", "immunology", "cell", "processes", "microbiology", "staphylococcus", ...	2016	Staphylococcus aureus Exploits a Non-ribosomal Cyclic Dipeptide to Modulate Survival within Epithelial Cells and Phagocytes
Stop-codon read-through refers to the phenomenon that a ribosome goes past the stop codon and continues translating into the otherwise untranslated region ( UTR ) of a transcript . Recent ribosome-profiling experiments in eukaryotes uncovered widespread stop-codon read-through that also varies among tissues , prompting...	The stop codon gives the translating ribosome the signal for the termination of peptide synthesis , but occasionally the ribosome goes past the stop codon and continues translating into the otherwise untranslated region of a transcript . Stop-codon read-through generates an elongated peptide , which could be beneficial...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "animals", "invertebrate", "genomics", "animal", "models", "fungi", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "sequence", "motif", "analysis", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "drosophila", "r...	2019	Stop-codon read-through arises largely from molecular errors and is generally nonadaptive
We present a method to calculate the propensities of regions within a DNA molecule to transition from B-form to Z-form under negative superhelical stresses . We use statistical mechanics to analyze the competition that occurs among all susceptible Z-forming regions at thermodynamic equilibrium in a superhelically stres...	We present the SIBZ algorithm that calculates the equilibrium properties of the transition from right-handed B-form to left-handed Z-form in a DNA sequence that is subjected to imposed stresses . SIBZ calculates the probability of transition of each base pair in a user-defined sequence . By examining illustrative examp...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "physics", "biophysics/theory", "and", "simulation", "computational", "biology", "mathematics/statistics", "biophysics" ]	2011	Theoretical Analysis of the Stress Induced B-Z Transition in Superhelical DNA
In eukaryotes , sphingolipids ( SLs ) are important membrane components and powerful signaling molecules . In Leishmania , the major group of SLs is inositol phosphorylceramide ( IPC ) , which is common in yeast and Trypanosomatids but absent in mammals . In contrast , sphingomyelin is not synthesized by Leishmania but...	Leishmania are obligate intracellular parasites responsible for a spectrum of diseases in humans ranging from self-healing skin lesions to deadly visceral infections . To survive , they must downregulate the microbicidal activity and scavenge nutrients from the host . Although Leishmania parasites do not synthesize sph...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/protozoal", "infections", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "function", "microbiology/cellular", "microbiology", "and", "pathogenesis", "microbiology/parasitology" ]	2009	Degradation of Host Sphingomyelin Is Essential for Leishmania Virulence
Between October 2001 and April 2002 , five cases of acute flaccid paralysis ( AFP ) associated with type 2 vaccine-derived polioviruses ( VDPVs ) were reported in the southern province of the Republic of Madagascar . To determine viral factors that favor the emergence of these pathogenic VDPVs , we analyzed in detail t...	Following extensive vaccination campaigns using the attenuated oral polio vaccine , wild polioviruses remain endemic in only a few countries . Nevertheless , several poliomyelitis outbreaks associated with vaccine-derived polioviruses ( VDPVs ) were reported in different parts of the world in recent years , particularl...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "primates", "viruses", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "infectious", "diseases", "ecology", "homo", "(human)", "virology", "vertebrates", "animals", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2007	Co-Circulation and Evolution of Polioviruses and Species C Enteroviruses in a District of Madagascar
Mycetoma is a unique neglected tropical disease which is endemic in what is known as the “mycetoma belt” . The disease has many devastating impacts on patients and communities in endemic area and is characterised by massive deformity , destruction and disability . Mycetoma is commonly seen in the foot and hand and less...	Although head and neck mycetoma is a rare disease entity yet it is a dreadful disease for the patient , the family and the treating physician . It is potentially fatal and the most challenging to treat . The current study highlighted that , most patients were young adult males , from rural areas of the Sudan and of low...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Head and Neck Mycetoma: The Mycetoma Research Centre Experience
Accidents caused by Loxosceles spider may cause severe systemic reactions , including acute kidney injury ( AKI ) . There are few experimental studies assessing Loxosceles venom effects on kidney function in vivo . In order to test Loxosceles gaucho venom ( LV ) nephrotoxicity and to assess some of the possible mechani...	Loxosceles ( recluse or brown spider ) is the most important spider genus causing human envenomation . In Brazil Loxosceles spiders were responsible for approximately 7 , 000 cases of spider envenomation per year . The brown spider accidents may cause late cutaneous necrosis at the bite site , intravascular hemolysis ,...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "nephrology", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "acute", "renal", "failure", "critical", "care", "and", "emergency", "medicine", "toxicology" ]	2011	Loxosceles gaucho Venom-Induced Acute Kidney Injury – In Vivo and In Vitro Studies
Like other tropical African countries , Gabon is afflicted by many parasitic diseases , including filariases such as loiasis and mansonellosis . This study aimed to assess the prevalence of these two filarial diseases in febrile and afebrile children using quantitative real-time PCR and standard PCR assays coupled with...	Approximately 114 million people in Africa , mostly located in 33 Sub-Saharan African countries , are infected with Mansonella perstans , a filarial nematode . The ability of M . perstans to induce severe clinical features has only recently been considered . Unfortunately , no study has evaluated its burden in febrile ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Mansonella, including a Potential New Species, as Common Parasites in Children in Gabon
Drosophila telomere maintenance depends on the transposition of the specialized retrotransposons HeT-A , TART , and TAHRE . Controlling the activation and silencing of these elements is crucial for a precise telomere function without compromising genomic integrity . Here we describe two chromosomal proteins , JIL-1 and...	Drosophila telomeres constitute a remarkable exception to the general telomerase mechanism of telomere maintenance in eukaryotes . The essential role of the telomeric transposons HeT-A , TART , and TAHRE ( HTT ) in this organism contrasts with the strong conservation of their retrotransposon personalities . The particu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "telomeres", "cell", "biology", "chromosome", "biology", "biology", "molecular", "cell", "biology" ]	2012	The Chromosomal Proteins JIL-1 and Z4/Putzig Regulate the Telomeric Chromatin in Drosophila melanogaster
Inherently dynamic , chromosomes adopt many different conformations in response to DNA metabolism . Models of chromosome organization in the yeast nucleus obtained from genome-wide chromosome conformation data or biophysical simulations provide important insights into the average behavior but fail to reveal features fr...	The spatial organization of the genome inside eukaryotic cell nuclei has been shown to play a role in transcription , replication , recombination and DNA repair . Probabilistic models have correlated structural fluctuations with these processes , but methods to detect transient features describing chromosome conformati...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Differential Chromosome Conformations as Hallmarks of Cellular Identity Revealed by Mathematical Polymer Modeling
Mutation of the tumor suppressor Pten often leads to tumorigenesis in various organs including the uterus . We previously showed that Pten deletion in the mouse uterus using a Pgr-Cre driver ( Ptenf/fPgrCre/+ ) results in rapid development of endometrial carcinoma ( EMC ) with full penetration . We also reported that P...	Endometrial cancer is highly prevalent gynecological cancer in the United States . Pten is the most commonly mutated gene in endometrial carcinoma originating in the epithelium . Previous studies focused on PTEN’s role in epithelial growth regulation . Here we show that in addition to Pten mutation in the epithelium , ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "cell", "death", "uterus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "reproductive", "system", "immune", "cells", "cell", "processes", "immunology", "epithelial", "cells", "animal", "models", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organism", "systems"...	2018	The uterine epithelial loss of Pten is inefficient to induce endometrial cancer with intact stromal Pten

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.