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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k	summary stringlengths 32 3.35k	section_headings listlengths 1 91	keywords listlengths 0 141	year stringclasses 13 values	title stringlengths 20 281
This work aims at corroborating the importance and efficacy of mutual learning in motor imagery ( MI ) brain–computer interface ( BCI ) by leveraging the insights obtained through our participation in the BCI race of the Cybathlon event . We hypothesized that , contrary to the popular trend of focusing mostly on the ma...	Noninvasive brain–computer interface ( BCI ) based on imagined movements can restore functions lost to disability by enabling spontaneous , direct brain control of external devices without risks associated with surgical implantation of neural interfaces . We hypothesized that , contrary to the popular trend of focusing...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "recreation", "learning", "machine", "learning", "algorithms", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "engineering", "and", "technology", "sports", "applied", "mathematics", "pilots", "brain", "electrophysiology", "social", "sciences", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience",...	2018	The Cybathlon BCI race: Successful longitudinal mutual learning with two tetraplegic users
Insulin/IGF-1 signaling ( IIS ) has been well studied for its role in the control of life span extension and resistance to a variety of stresses . The Drosophila melanogaster insulin-like receptor ( InR ) mutant showed extended life span due to reduced juvenile hormone ( JH ) levels . However , little is known about th...	Both juvenile hormone ( JH ) and Insulin/IGF-1 signaling ( IIS ) regulate life span and starvation resistance in insects . Regulation of longevity and starvation resistance by IIS has been well studied , yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms and cross talk between these two hormones . The red flour beetle...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "animal", "physiology", "entomology", "pest", "control", "biology", "zoology", "agriculture" ]	2013	Juvenile Hormone and Insulin Regulate Trehalose Homeostasis in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum
In the past few years , several studies have been directed to understanding the complexity of functional interactions between different brain regions during various human behaviors . Among these , neuroimaging research installed the notion that speech and language require an orchestration of brain regions for comprehen...	Speech production is a complex process that requires the orchestration of multiple brain regions . However , our current understanding of the large-scale neural architecture during speaking remains scant , as research has mostly focused on examining distinct brain circuits involved in distinct aspects of speech control...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	The Functional Connectome of Speech Control
Despite progresses in ancestral protein sequence reconstruction , much needs to be unraveled about the nature of the putative last common ancestral proteome that served as the prototype of all extant lifeforms . Here , we present data that indicate a steady decline ( oil escape ) in proteome hydrophobicity over species...	Although of importance to both evolution and protein design , the manner in which the first proteome came to be , and the actual features of the earliest ancestral proteomes are both unknown . Through the analysis of diverse proteomes , we provide glimpses into the composition of the last common ancestor ( LUCA ) of al...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "genomics", "genome", "evolution", "evolutionary", "modeling", "biology", "computational", "biology" ]	2012	A Universal Trend among Proteomes Indicates an Oily Last Common Ancestor
The AraC Negative Regulators ( ANR ) comprise a large family of virulence regulators distributed among diverse clinically important Gram-negative pathogens , including Vibrio spp . , Salmonella spp . , Shigella spp . , Yersinia spp . , Citrobacter spp . , and pathogenic E . coli strains . We have previously reported br...	The AraC Negative Regulators ( ANR ) is a large family of negative regulators distributed in several clinically relevant Gram-negative pathogens , including Vibrio spp . , Salmonella spp . , Shigella spp . , Yersinia spp . , Citrobacter spp . , pathogenic E . coli , and members of the Pasteurellaceae . Previously , we ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assay", "gene", "regulation", "pathogens", "rna", "extraction", "dna-binding", "proteins", "microbiology", "membrane", "proteins", "regulator", ...	2017	The AraC Negative Regulator family modulates the activity of histone-like proteins in pathogenic bacteria
Function prediction by homology is widely used to provide preliminary functional annotations for genes for which experimental evidence of function is unavailable or limited . This approach has been shown to be prone to systematic error , including percolation of annotation errors through sequence databases . Phylogenom...	Predicting the function of a gene or protein ( gene product ) from its primary sequence is a major focus of many bioinformatics methods . In this paper , the authors present a three-stage computational pipeline for gene functional annotation in an evolutionary framework to reduce the systematic errors associated with t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology", "none", "computational", "biology" ]	2007	Automated Protein Subfamily Identification and Classification
Dyshomeostasis of both ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate ( S1P ) in the brain has been implicated in aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders in humans . However , mechanisms that maintain the homeostasis of these bioactive sphingolipids in the brain remain unclear . Mouse alkaline ceramidase 3 ( Acer3 ) , whic...	Bioactive sphingolipids , such as ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphates , have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases . However , it remains unclear as to how the homeostasis of these bioactive lipids is sustained . Alkaline ceramidase 3 ( ACER3 ) catalyzes the hydrolysis of saturated long-chain ceramides ( C18...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Alkaline Ceramidase 3 Deficiency Results in Purkinje Cell Degeneration and Cerebellar Ataxia Due to Dyshomeostasis of Sphingolipids in the Brain
Program decision-making for trachoma elimination currently relies on conjunctival clinical signs . Antibody tests may provide additional information on the epidemiology of trachoma , particularly in regions where it is disappearing or elimination targets have been met . A cluster-randomized trial of mass azithromycin d...	Trachoma programs currently use the clinical sign of trachomatous inflammation-follicular ( TF ) to guide community treatment decisions and evaluate response to mass drug administration with azithromycin . These programs rely on clinical grading that poorly correlates with infection with the causative agent of trachoma...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "niger", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "bacterial", "diseases", "signs", "and", "symptoms", "eye", "diseases", "sexually",...	2019	Community-level chlamydial serology for assessing trachoma elimination in trachoma-endemic Niger
Bloodstream form trypanosomes avoid the host immune response by switching the expression of their surface proteins between Variant Surface Glycoproteins ( VSG ) , only one of which is expressed at any given time . Monoallelic transcription of the telomeric VSG Expression Site ( ES ) by RNA polymerase I ( RNA pol I ) lo...	African trypanosomes have evolved one of the most complex strategies of immune evasion by routinely switching the expression of surface proteins called Variant Surface Glycoproteins ( VSG ) , only one of which is expressed at any given time . Previous work has suggested that the recruitment of a single VSG telomeric lo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "biology", "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "epigenetics", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "molecular", "biology", "parasitology" ]	2014	SUMOylation by the E3 Ligase TbSIZ1/PIAS1 Positively Regulates VSG Expression in Trypanosoma brucei
Cerebral malaria is a major , life-threatening complication of Plasmodium falciparum malaria , and has very high mortality rate . In murine malaria models , natural killer ( NK ) cell responses have been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria . To investigate the role of NK cells in the de...	NK cells play an important role in early defense against pathogens . Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors ( KIR ) are a diverse family of activating and inhibitory receptors expressed on human NK cells . Some inhibitory KIRs recognize human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) class I molecules as their ligands . The KIR loci exh...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "genetics", "immunology", "biology", "microbiology", "evolutionary", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2012	Significant Association of KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 Combination with Cerebral Malaria and Implications for Co-evolution of KIR and HLA
A characteristic signature of adaptive radiation is a slowing of the rate of speciation toward the present . On the basis of molecular phylogenies , studies of single clades have frequently found evidence for a slowdown in diversification rate and have interpreted this as evidence for density dependent speciation . How...	It is probable that the number of species that a given region can support is limited; however , it is unclear whether the limit is approached sufficiently in nature such that the rate at which new species form slows down . Using the pattern of phylogenetic branching , a technique that estimates evolutionary relationshi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology", "ecology" ]	2008	Density-Dependent Cladogenesis in Birds
Morphological dynamics of mitochondria is associated with key cellular processes related to aging and neuronal degenerative diseases , but the lack of standard quantification of mitochondrial morphology impedes systematic investigation . This paper presents an automated system for the quantification and classification ...	Mitochondria are “cellular power plants” that synthesize adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) from degradation of nutrients , providing chemical energy for cellular activities . In addition , mitochondria are involved in a range of other cellular processes , such as signaling , cell differentiation , cell death , cell cycle ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "computer", "applications", "computer", "science", "biology", "computational", "biology" ]	2011	Automatic Morphological Subtyping Reveals New Roles of Caspases in Mitochondrial Dynamics
Dog-bites and rabies are under-reported in developing countries such as Pakistan and there is a poor understanding of the disease burden . We prospectively collected data utilizing mobile phones for dog-bite and rabies surveillance across nine emergency rooms ( ER ) in Pakistan , recording patient health-seeking behavi...	Resource constraints prevent adequate surveillance of neglected infectious diseases such as rabies in developing countries leading to a poor understanding of the disease burden and limited evidence with which to design effective control measures . We utilized a low cost mobile-phone based system to carry out the first ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	Geographic Variation in Access to Dog-Bite Care in Pakistan and Risk of Dog-Bite Exposure in Karachi: Prospective Surveillance Using a Low-Cost Mobile Phone System
Bacteriophages are major genetic factors promoting horizontal gene transfer ( HGT ) between bacteria . Their roles in dynamic bacterial genome evolution have been increasingly highlighted by the fact that many sequenced bacterial genomes contain multiple prophages carrying a wide range of genes . Enterohemorrhagic Esch...	Bacterial viruses , known as bacteriophages or phages , are major factors promoting horizontal gene transfer ( HGT ) between bacteria , and this activity has sparked new interest in light of the discovery that many sequenced bacterial genomes harbor multiple prophages carrying a wide range of genes , including those re...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "molecular", "biology/bioinformatics", "microbiology/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "infectious", "diseases/gastrointestinal", "infections" ]	2009	The Defective Prophage Pool of Escherichia coli O157: Prophage–Prophage Interactions Potentiate Horizontal Transfer of Virulence Determinants
Genome-wide maps of DNase I hypersensitive sites ( DHSs ) reveal that most human promoters contain perpetually active cis-regulatory elements between −150 bp and +50 bp ( −150/+50 bp ) relative to the transcription start site ( TSS ) . Transcription factors ( TFs ) recruit cofactors ( chromatin remodelers , histone/pro...	Human cells exploit different mechanisms to coordinate the expression of both protein-coding and non-coding RNAs . Elucidating these mechanisms is essential to understanding normal physiology and disease . In our attempt to identify new regulatory layers acting particularly at proximal promoters , we have computational...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Decoding a Signature-Based Model of Transcription Cofactor Recruitment Dictated by Cardinal Cis-Regulatory Elements in Proximal Promoter Regions
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causal agent of Chagas Disease . Recently , the genomes of representative strains from two major evolutionary lineages were sequenced , allowing the construction of a detailed genetic diversity map for this important parasite . However this map is focused on coding regions of the genome , leavi...	Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi , and poses a serious public health problem in the America , with approximately 8 million people infected and 200 , 000 new cases reported annually . The disease has different clinical manifestations . The fact that infections by the same species caus...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[ "genomics", "trypanosoma", "protozoans", "genome", "evolution", "parasite", "evolution", "genetics", "parasitology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "comparative", "genomics", "microbiology", "computational", "biology", "protozoology", "parasitic", "protozoans", "orga...	2014	A Genome-Wide Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Trypanosoma cruzi Intergenic Regions
The subcellular localization of the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) in polarized epithelial cells profoundly affects the activity of the intracellular signaling pathways activated after EGF ligand binding . Therefore , changes in EGFR localization and signaling are implicated in various human diseases , inclu...	Abnormal signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) contributes to the development of various human diseases , including different cancer types . One important mechanism that controls intracellular signal transduction is by regulation of the subcellular receptor localization in the signal-receiving cell...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "physiology", "invertebrates", "mechanisms", "of", "signal", "transduction", "caenorhabditis", "animals", "animal", "models", "organisms", "developmental", "biology", "caenorhabditis", "elegans", "model", "organisms", "tyrosine", "kinase", "signaling", "cascade", ...	2014	An In Vivo EGF Receptor Localization Screen in C. elegans Identifies the Ezrin Homolog ERM-1 as a Temporal Regulator of Signaling
Gene expression in individual cells is highly variable and sporadic , often resulting in the synthesis of mRNAs and proteins in bursts . Such bursting has important consequences for cell-fate decisions in diverse processes ranging from HIV-1 viral infections to stem-cell differentiation . It is generally assumed that b...	One of the fundamental problems in biology is understanding how phenotypic variations arise among individuals in a population . Recent research has shown that phenotypic variations can arise due to probabilistic cell-fate decisions driven by inherent randomness ( noise ) in the process of gene expression . One of the m...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results" ]	[]	2015	Transcriptional Bursting in Gene Expression: Analytical Results for General Stochastic Models
In this study we develop a modeling framework for predicting baroreceptor firing rate as a function of blood pressure . We test models within this framework both quantitatively and qualitatively using data from rats . The models describe three components: arterial wall deformation , stimulation of mechanoreceptors loca...	Many people have experienced lightheadedness when standing up , yet the exact cause of this phenomenon remains unknown . For some people , lightheadedness occurs because of anomalies in the blood pressure control system , which keeps blood flow and pressure at homeostasis . One way to explore this system is via mathema...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	Modeling the Afferent Dynamics of the Baroreflex Control System
The distribution and intensity of transmission of vector-borne pathogens can be strongly influenced by the competence of vectors . Vector competence , in turn , can be influenced by temperature and viral genetics . West Nile virus ( WNV ) was introduced into the United States of America in 1999 and subsequently spread ...	West Nile virus ( WNV ) was introduced into New York in 1999 and subsequently expanded its range to include much of North , Central , and South America . Previously , we have shown that a new strain of WNV ( referred to as WN02 ) that was first detected in 2001 and subsequently spread across North America was more effi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "ecology/global", "change", "ecology", "virology/virus", "evolution", "and", "symbiosis", "virology/emerging", "viral", "diseases" ]	2008	Temperature, Viral Genetics, and the Transmission of West Nile Virus by Culex pipiens Mosquitoes
Plant pathogens , such as bacteria , fungi , oomycetes and nematodes , rely on wide range of virulent effectors delivered into host cells to suppress plant immunity . Although phytobacterial effectors have been intensively investigated , little is known about the function of effectors of plant-parasitic nematodes , suc...	Globodera pallida is a plant-parasitic cyst nematode that causes vast losses in economically important crops such as potato and tomato . To successfully parasitize host plants , G . pallida produces proteins called effectors to overcome plant defenses . Here , we report identification of a novel G . pallida effector RH...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "biotechnology", "cell", "death", "plant", "anatomy", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "engineering", "and", "technology", "enzymes", "cell", "processes", "immunology", "enzymology", "immune", "suppression", "parasit...	2019	The potato cyst nematode effector RHA1B is a ubiquitin ligase and uses two distinct mechanisms to suppress plant immune signaling
Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) , a reemerging pathogen causes a self limited illness characterized by fever , headache , myalgia and arthralgia . However , 10–20% affected individuals develop persistent arthralgia which contributes to considerable morbidity . The exact molecular mechanisms underlying these manifestations ...	The outcome of Chikungunya virus infection is usually benign but persistent arthritis has been reported in 10–20% of patients after Chikungunya fever . However , some reports have suggested that similarity between host proteins and viral proteins ( molecular mimicry ) leads to immune mediated damage . However , this ha...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "togaviruses", "chikungunya", "infection", "pathogens", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "alphaviruses", "viruses", "muscle", "regeneration", ...	2017	Molecular Mimicry between Chikungunya Virus and Host Components: A Possible Mechanism for the Arthritic Manifestations
Proteome balance is safeguarded by the proteostasis network ( PN ) , an intricately regulated network of conserved processes that evolved to maintain native function of the diverse ensemble of protein species , ensuring cellular and organismal health . Proteostasis imbalances and collapse are implicated in a spectrum o...	Protein homeostasis , or proteostasis , is maintained by the proteostasis network ( PN ) , an intricately regulated modular network of interacting processes that evolved to balance the native proteome , supporting cellular and organismal health throughout lifespan . Imbalances and collapse of cellular proteostasis capa...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "biopsy", "neurodegenerative", "diseases", "protein", "interaction", "networks", "topographic", "maps", "surgical", "and", "invasive", "medical", "procedures", "multivariate", "analysis", "mathematics", "statistics", "(mathematics)",...	2018	A systematic atlas of chaperome deregulation topologies across the human cancer landscape
KSHV is endemic in Uganda and the HIV epidemic has dramatically increased the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma ( KS ) . To investigate the role of KSHV in the development of KS , we obtained KS biopsies from ART-naïve , HIV-positive individuals in Uganda and analyzed the tumors using RNAseq to globally characterize the KSHV...	Kaposi’s sarcoma ( KS ) is among the world’s most common AIDS-associated malignancies . The Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) was first identified in KS tumors and is now known to be the causative agent of all forms of KS , including classical , endemic , iatrogenic and HIV-associated . KSHV is endemic to ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "biopsy", "pathogens", "microbiology", "surgical", "and", "invasive", "medical", "procedures", "viruses", "dna", "viruses", "genome", "analysis", "herpesviruses", "research", "and", ...	2018	Quantitative RNAseq analysis of Ugandan KS tumors reveals KSHV gene expression dominated by transcription from the LTd downstream latency promoter
Histone acetylation has been linked to developmental changes in gene expression and is a validated drug target of apicomplexan parasites , but little is known about the roles of individual histone modifying enzymes and how they are recruited to target genes . The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii ( phylum Apicomplex...	Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that causes significant opportunistic infection in AIDS and other immunocompromised patients . Acute episodes of toxoplasmosis stem from tissue destruction caused by the rapidly growing form of the parasite , the tachyzoite . In this study , we identify a lysine acetyltransfera...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2014	Lysine Acetyltransferase GCN5b Interacts with AP2 Factors and Is Required for Toxoplasma gondii Proliferation
The currently used anthelmintic drugs , in single oral application , have low efficacy against Trichuris trichiura infection , and hence novel anthelmintic drugs are needed . Nitazoxanide has been suggested as potential drug candidate . The efficacy and safety of a single oral dose of nitazoxanide ( 1 , 000 mg ) , or a...	More than 5 billion people are at risk of infection with one of the three most common intestinal worms , the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides , the whipworm Trichuris trichiura , and two different kinds of hookworms . The global strategy to control these intestinal worm infections is through the regular administration of...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases" ]	2012	Efficacy and Safety of Nitazoxanide, Albendazole, and Nitazoxanide-Albendazole against Trichuris trichiura Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Patterns of somatic mutations in cancer genes provide information about their functional role in tumourigenesis , and thus indicate their potential for therapeutic exploitation . Yet , the classical distinction between oncogene and tumour suppressor may not always apply . For instance , TP53 has been simultaneously ass...	Cancer is a disease caused by genetic mutations . Mutation patterns are often indicative of a gene’s function as either tumour promoting or tumour suppressive . Here we describe the frequently mutated , but poorly studied , breast cancer gene GATA3 as a rare exception: We discover that two different functional classes ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "breast", "tumors", "morphogenic", "segmentation", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "dna-binding", "proteins", "oncology", "mutation", "developmental", "biology", "gene", "types", "pharmacology", "frameshift", "mutation", "morphogene...	2016	Gain- and Loss-of-Function Mutations in the Breast Cancer Gene GATA3 Result in Differential Drug Sensitivity
The possibility that a multi-host wildlife reservoir is responsible for maintaining transmission of Leishmania ( Viannia ) braziliensis causing human cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is tested by comparative analysis of infection progression and infectiousness to sandflies in rodent host species previously sho...	Across the Americas , Leishmania ( V . ) braziliensis is the predominant Leishmania species causing cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in humans . Transmitted by Phlebotomine sandflies , questions remain about the epidemiological contributions of the numerous zoonotic and more domestic host species . Domesticati...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Infectiousness of Sylvatic and Synanthropic Small Rodents Implicates a Multi-host Reservoir of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis
The automated comparison of protein-ligand binding sites provides useful insights into yet unexplored site similarities . Various stages of computational and chemical biology research can benefit from this knowledge . The search for putative off-targets and the establishment of polypharmacological effects by comparing ...	Binding site similarities are useful in the context of promiscuity prediction , drug repurposing , the analysis of protein-ligand and protein-protein complexes , function prediction , and further fields of general interest in chemical biology and biochemistry . Many years of research have led to the development of a mu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "infographics", "chemical", "characterization", "protein", "interactions", "social", "sciences", "archaeology", "protein", "structure", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "sequence", "analysis", "computer", "and", "information", "sciences", "sequence", "alignment", ...	2018	A benchmark driven guide to binding site comparison: An exhaustive evaluation using tailor-made data sets (ProSPECCTs)
The threshold firing frequency of a neuron is a characterizing feature of its dynamical behaviour , in turn determining its role in the oscillatory activity of the brain . Two main types of dynamics have been identified in brain neurons . Type 1 dynamics ( regular spiking ) shows a continuous relationship between frequ...	All activity of the brain is manifested in electrical oscillatory patterns , shaped by the firing dynamics of the many neurons forming the brain networks . The underlying mechanisms of the firing pattern in the single neurons are still not fully understood . The distribution and identity of different channel types have...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "physiology/neuronal", "signaling", "mechanisms", "biophysics/theory", "and", "simulation", "physiology", "biophysics", "neuroscience", "neuroscience/theoretical", "neuroscience" ]	2010	Ion Channel Density Regulates Switches between Regular and Fast Spiking in Soma but Not in Axons
The retinoid X receptors ( RXRs ) are ligand-activated transcription factors which heterodimerize with a number of nuclear hormone receptors , thereby controlling a variety of ( patho ) -physiological processes . Although synthetic RXR ligands are developed for the treatment of various diseases , endogenous ligand ( s ...	Daily nutrition , in addition to being a source of energy , contains micronutrients , a class of nutrients including vitamins which are essential for life and which act by orchestrating a vast number of developmental and physiological processes . During metabolism , micronutrients are frequently transformed into their ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	9-cis-13,14-Dihydroretinoic Acid Is an Endogenous Retinoid Acting as RXR Ligand in Mice
The acrofacial dysostoses ( AFD ) are a genetically heterogeneous group of inherited disorders with craniofacial and limb abnormalities . Rodriguez syndrome is a severe , usually perinatal lethal AFD , characterized by severe retrognathia , oligodactyly and lower limb abnormalities . Rodriguez syndrome has been propose...	The acrofacial dysostoses ( AFD ) are inherited disorders with abnormalities of the facial and limb bones . Rodriguez syndrome is a severe type of AFD that is usually lethal in the immediate perinatal period . Rodriguez syndrome has been proposed to be a severe form of Nager syndrome , a non-lethal AFD that results fro...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "growth", "plate", "sequencing", "techniques", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "chondrocytes", "twins", "mutation", "developmental", "biology", "bone", "connective", "tissue", "cells", "sequence", "motif", "analysis", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "fram...	2016	Altered mRNA Splicing, Chondrocyte Gene Expression and Abnormal Skeletal Development due to SF3B4 Mutations in Rodriguez Acrofacial Dysostosis
Ribonucleotides ( rNMPs ) are frequently incorporated during replication or repair by DNA polymerases and failure to remove them leads to instability of nuclear DNA ( nDNA ) . Conversely , rNMPs appear to be relatively well-tolerated in mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) , although the mechanisms behind the tolerance remain u...	Mitochondria are essential for energy production , and defects in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) lead to a variety of human diseases including mtDNA depletion syndrome ( MDS ) . Certain forms of MDS are caused by imbalances in the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate ( dNTP ) pool , which have...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "nucleic", "acid", "synthesis", "mitochondrial", "dna", "dna-binding", "proteins", "fungi", "model", "organisms", "polymerases", "dna", "replication", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "forms", "of", "dna", "mitochondria", "dna", "bioenergetics", "cellular", "struc...	2018	The presence of rNTPs decreases the speed of mitochondrial DNA replication
The family Flaviviridae , genus Flavivirus , holds many of the world’s most prevalent arboviral diseases that are also considered the most important travel related arboviral infections . In most cases , flavivirus diagnosis in travelers is primarily based on serology as viremia is often low and typically has already be...	The number of international travelers has increased dramatically in recent decades . This has contributed to the increase in infectious diseases in travelers which are not present in their countries of origin and so may cause a threat to the public health . Viruses transmitted by biting insects ( vector-borne viruses )...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Spot the Difference—Development of a Syndrome Based Protein Microarray for Specific Serological Detection of Multiple Flavivirus Infections in Travelers
The autophagic pathway acts as part of the immune response against a variety of pathogens . However , several pathogens subvert autophagic signaling to promote their own replication . In many cases it has been demonstrated that these pathogens inhibit or delay the degradative aspect of autophagy . Here , using poliovir...	The autophagic degradation pathway is a well-known agent of innate immunity . Several pathogens , including poliovirus ( PV ) , a model for several medically important RNA viruses , subvert this pathway for their own benefit . In doing so , pathogens often inhibit the degradative portion of the pathway , presumably to ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "molecular", "cell", "biology", "virology", "biology", "microbiology" ]	2012	Intracellular Vesicle Acidification Promotes Maturation of Infectious Poliovirus Particles
To investigate whether alterations in mitochondrial metabolism affect longevity in Drosophila melanogaster , we studied lifespan in various single gene mutants , using inbred and outbred genetic backgrounds . As positive controls we included the two most intensively studied mutants of Indy , which encodes a Drosophila ...	Human life expectancy is increasing in many populations . Research on aging has gained great attention recently by discoveries of mutations that slow down aging in relatively short-lived models . Studies carried out in yeast , worms , and flies have revealed evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of aging , which are ther...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "aging", "developmental", "biology", "caenorhabditis", "indy", "wolbachia", "drosophila", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2007	No Influence of Indy on Lifespan in Drosophila after Correction for Genetic and Cytoplasmic Background Effects
Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica are models for many experiments in molecular biology including chemotaxis , and most of the results obtained with one organism have been generalized to another . While most components of the chemotaxis pathway are strongly conserved between the two species , Salmonella genomes c...	Due to the overwhelming complexity and diversity of biological systems , the functional roles of the majority of proteins encoded in sequenced genomes remain unknown or poorly understood . The multi-protein pathway controlling chemotaxis in bacteria and archaea is an example of such complexity and diversity . Chemotaxi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "cell", "motility", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "split-decomposition", "method", "microbiology", "genomic", "databases", "bacterial", "diseases", "multiple", "alignment", "...	2016	Evolutionary Genomics Suggests That CheV Is an Additional Adaptor for Accommodating Specific Chemoreceptors within the Chemotaxis Signaling Complex
The hyaluronidase enzyme is generally known as a spreading factor in animal venoms . Although its activity has been demonstrated in several organisms , a deeper knowledge about hyaluronidase and the venom spreading process from the bite/sting site until its elimination from the victim's body is still in need . Herein ,...	Hyaluronidases are known as the venom components responsible for disseminating toxins from the injection site to the victim’s organism . Therefore , understanding how the venom distribution occurs and the role of hyaluronidases in this process is crucial in the field of toxinology . In this study , we inhibited Tityus ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2019	Inhibition of Tityus serrulatus venom hyaluronidase affects venom biodistribution
The origin of avian flight is one of the most controversial debates in Paleontology . This paper investigates the wing performance of Caudipteryx , the most basal non-volant dinosaur with pennaceous feathered forelimbs by using modal effective mass theory . From a mechanical standpoint , the forced vibrations excited b...	The origin of avian flight in the perspective of mechanics has been investigated for the first time . We reported the first evidence for flapping hypothesis based on principle of physical modeling . This is significant because using modal effective mass method and reconstructed Caudipteryx , the most basal non-volant w...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2019	Identification of avian flapping motion from non-volant winged dinosaurs based on modal effective mass analysis
Control and prevention of dengue relies heavily on the application of insecticides to control dengue vector mosquitoes . In Colombia , application of the larvicide temephos to the aquatic breeding sites of Aedes aegypti is a key part of the dengue control strategy . Resistance to temephos was recently detected in the d...	Dengue fever , caused by viruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito , is an important threat to public health in many tropical and subtropical countries . In the absence of a vaccine or specific drug treatment , prevention and control of dengue transmission relies on interventions targeting vector mosquito popul...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	Temephos Resistance in Aedes aegypti in Colombia Compromises Dengue Vector Control
Nutrient availability has profound influence on development . In the nematode C . elegans , nutrient availability governs post-embryonic development . L1-stage larvae remain in a state of developmental arrest after hatching until they feed . This “L1 arrest” ( or "L1 diapause" ) is associated with increased stress resi...	Animals must cope with feast and famine in the wild . Environmental fluctuations require a balancing act between development in favorable conditions and survival during starvation . Disruption of the pathways that govern this balance can lead to cancer , where cells proliferate when they should not , and metabolic dise...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	dbl-1/TGF-β and daf-12/NHR Signaling Mediate Cell-Nonautonomous Effects of daf-16/FOXO on Starvation-Induced Developmental Arrest
The Gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis is a leading cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections ( CAUTIs ) , which are often polymicrobial . Numerous prior studies have uncovered virulence factors for P . mirabilis pathogenicity in a murine model of ascending UTI , but little is known concerning pathog...	Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of single-species and polymicrobial catheter-associated urinary tract infections ( CAUTIs ) . Prior studies have uncovered P . mirabilis virulence factors for single-species ascending UTI , but little is known concerning pathogenesis during CAUTI or polymicrobial infection . Using tr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "evolutionary", "biology", "pathogens", "population", "genetics", "bladder", "microbiology", "gene", "pool", "genetic", "elements", "population", "biology", "kidneys", "proteus", "mir...	2017	Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis of Proteus mirabilis: Essential genes, fitness factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and the impact of polymicrobial infection on fitness requirements
ABC transporters are a large family of membrane proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes , including multidrug and tumor resistance and ion channel regulation . Advances in the structural and functional understanding of ABC transporters have revealed that hydrolysis at the two canonical nucleotide-binding s...	ABC transporters are a large family of membrane proteins present in all organisms . Typically , they utilize ATP hydrolysis , the most prominent biological energy source , to translocate substrates into cells ( e . g . , bacterial nutritient uptake ) or out of cells ( e . g . , multidrug exporters that contribute to an...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "computational", "biology/molecular", "dynamics", "biophysics/theory", "and", "simulation", "biophysics/membrane", "proteins", "and", "energy", "transduction" ]	2010	Asymmetric Switching in a Homodimeric ABC Transporter: A Simulation Study
Leptospirosis is a global and re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira spirochetes that are shed into the environment by infected animals . Humans can get infected via contact with animal hosts or contaminated environment . In Argentina , the highest annual incidences were reported in the province of Santa Fe ...	Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that has been recognized as a growing public health problem affecting mainly residents from slum settlements located in floodable areas . As such , it is considered a neglected disease that needs greater attention to reduce its global burden . A key step towards this purpos...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "geomorphology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "surface", "water", "rivers", "landforms", "topography", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "argentina", "bacterial", "diseases", "research", "design...	2018	Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding leptospirosis among residents of riverside settlements of Santa Fe, Argentina
Recent Hi-C measurements have revealed numerous intra- and inter-chromosomal interactions in various eukaryotic cells . To what extent these interactions regulate gene expression is not clear . This question is particularly intriguing in budding yeast because it has extensive long-distance chromosomal interactions but ...	Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus where DNA is packaged into high order chromosome structures . Some long-distance chromosomal interactions play an important role in gene regulation in higher eukaryotic species , such as mouse and human . In budding yeast , gene expression is traditionally thought to b...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "dna", "transcription", "cell", "biology", "chromosome", "biology", "genetic", "interference", "animal", "genomics", "gene", "expression", "genetics", "gene", "regulation", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "gene", "types", "mammalian", "genomics", "genomics", "re...	2017	Three distinct mechanisms of long-distance modulation of gene expression in yeast
The deep history and early diversification of retroviruses remains elusive , largely because few retroviruses have been characterized in vertebrates other than mammals and birds . Endogenous retroviruses ( ERVs ) documented past retroviral infections and thus provide ‘molecular fossils’ for studying the deep history of...	Retroviruses infect a wide range of vertebrates and cause many diseases , such as AIDS and cancers . To date , retroviruses have been rarely characterized in vertebrates other than mammals and birds , impeding our understanding of the diversity and early evolution of retroviruses . Retroviruses can occasionally integra...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "discussion", "Conclusions", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "amphibian", "genomics", "taxonomy", "organismal", "evolution", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "animals", "animal", "phylogenetics", "retroviruses", "viruses", "phylogenetics...	2018	Endogenous retroviruses of non-avian/mammalian vertebrates illuminate diversity and deep history of retroviruses
Neglected tropical diseases are co-endemic in many areas of the world , including sub Saharan Africa . Currently lymphatic filariasis ( albendazole/ivermectin ) and trachoma ( azithromycin ) are treated separately . Consequently , financial and logistical benefit can be gained from integration of preventive chemotherap...	Neglected tropical diseases are co-endemic in many areas of the world . Currently lymphatic filariasis ( albendazole+ivermectin ) and trachoma ( azithromycin ) are treated separately . Benefits can be gained from integration of preventive chemotherapy programs in such areas . To assess the safety of this approach , 4 v...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "drugs", "and", "devices", "global", "health", "public", "health" ]	2013	A Cluster Randomized Study of The Safety of Integrated Treatment of Trachoma and Lymphatic Filariasis in Children and Adults in Sikasso, Mali
Tetanus neurotoxin causes the disease tetanus , which is characterized by rigid paralysis . The toxin acts by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from inhibitory neurons in the spinal cord that innervate motor neurons and is unique among the clostridial neurotoxins due to its ability to shuttle from the periphe...	Tetanus neurotoxin is one of the most deadly bacterial toxins known and is the causative agent for the disease tetanus , also known as lockjaw . Tetanus neurotoxin utilizes motor neurons as a means of transport in order to enter the spinal cord . Once in the spinal cord , the toxin leaves motor neurons and enters inhib...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biochemistry", "infectious", "diseases", "cell", "biology", "microbiology", "neuroscience" ]	2010	SV2 Mediates Entry of Tetanus Neurotoxin into Central Neurons
“Nanobacteria” are nanometer-scale spherical and ovoid particles which have spurred one of the biggest controversies in modern microbiology . Their biological nature has been severely challenged by both geologists and microbiologists , with opinions ranging from considering them crystal structures to new life forms . A...	In the last decade , the exact nature of nanobacteria was one of the most controversial of scientific questions . An audacious theory proposed the existence of nanobacteria , initially discovered in Italian hot spring deposits , as a new life form responsible for a wide range of diseases in humans , thus qualifying the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "none", "infectious", "diseases" ]	2008	Nanobacteria Are Mineralo Fetuin Complexes
The stress-activated protein kinase Gcn2 regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α , from yeast to mammals . The Gcn2 kinase domain ( KD ) is inherently inactive and requires allosteric stimulation by adjoining regulatory domains . Gcn2 contains a pseudokinase domain ( YKD ) ...	The survival of all living organisms depends on their capacity to adapt their gene expression program to variations in the environment . When subjected to various stresses , eukaryotic cells down-regulate general protein synthesis by phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha ( eIF2α ) . The ye...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biology", "and", "life", "sciences" ]	2014	Enhanced Interaction between Pseudokinase and Kinase Domains in Gcn2 stimulates eIF2α Phosphorylation in Starved Cells
Drugs currently used for the treatment of Chagas’ disease , nifurtimox and benznidazole , have a limited effectiveness and toxic side effects . With the aim of finding new therapeutic approaches , in vitro and in vivo anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of vitamin C alone and combined with benznidazole were investigated . ...	The huge worldwide expansion of Chagas’ disease ( American trypanosomiasis ) that has occurred as a result of the population mobility from Latin America , has caused this parasitic disease to become an important topic for the World Health Organization . Cases of Chagas’ disease have been reported in the United States a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "chemical", "compounds", "microbiology", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "organic", "compounds", "protozoan", "life", "cycles", "parasitology", "animal", "models", "parasitemia", "developmental", "biology", "try...	2018	Anti-parasitic effect of vitamin C alone and in combination with benznidazole against Trypanosoma cruzi
Trombiculid mites are the vectors of scrub typhus , with infected larval mites ( chiggers ) transmitting the causative agent , Orientia tsutsugamushi , during feeding . Co-existence of multiple O . tsutsugamushi strains within infected mites has previously been reported in naturally infected , laboratory-reared mite li...	Scrub typhus is a leading cause of undifferentiated febrile illness , putting 1 billion people at risk of infection . Trombiculid mites are the major vectors of the causative agent of scrub typhus , Orientia tsutsugamushi ( OT ) , which is transferred through the bite of an infected mite . Previously , we reported the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "invertebrates", "typhus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "animals", "mammals", "next-generation", "sequencing", "bac...	2018	Heterogeneity of Orientia tsutsugamushi genotypes in field-collected trombiculid mites from wild-caught small mammals in Thailand
The rapidly increasing amount of public data in chemistry and biology provides new opportunities for large-scale data mining for drug discovery . Systematic integration of these heterogeneous sets and provision of algorithms to data mine the integrated sets would permit investigation of complex mechanisms of action of ...	Modern drug discovery requires the understanding of chemogenomics , the complex interaction of chemical compounds and drugs with a wide variety of protein target and genes in the body . A large amount of data pertaining to such relationships exists in publicly-accessible datasets but it is siloed and thus impossible to...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "medicine", "drug", "research", "and", "development", "drugs", "and", "devices", "pharmacology", "biology", "computational", "biology", "drug", "interactions", "drug", "discovery" ]	2012	Assessing Drug Target Association Using Semantic Linked Data
The chemotaxis sensory system allows bacteria such as Escherichia coli to swim towards nutrients and away from repellents . The underlying pathway is remarkably sensitive in detecting chemical gradients over a wide range of ambient concentrations . Interactions among receptors , which are predominantly clustered at the...	Receptor clusters of the bacterial chemotaxis sensory system act as antennae to amplify tiny changes in concentrations in the chemical environment of the cell , ultimately steering the cell towards nutrients and away from toxins . Despite bacterial chemotaxis being the most widely studied sensory pathway , the exact ar...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Model", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Protein Connectivity in Chemotaxis Receptor Complexes
A variety of pathologies are associated with exposure to supraphysiological concentrations of essential metals and to non-essential metals and metalloids . The molecular mechanisms linking metal exposure to human pathologies have not been clearly defined . To address these gaps in our understanding of the molecular bio...	Environmental and human health threats are posed by contamination from transition metals . A variety of pathologies are associated with exposure to supraphysiological concentrations of essential metals and to non-essential metals and metalloids . To defend against metal toxicity , sophisticated defense mechanisms have ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/comparative", "genomics", "cell", "biology/cell", "signaling", "computational", "biology/transcriptional", "regulation", "genetics", "and", "genomics/functional", "genomics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "expression", "biochemistry/chemical", ...	2008	Global Transcriptome and Deletome Profiles of Yeast Exposed to Transition Metals
The prolonged survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tb ) in the host fundamentally depends on scavenging essential nutrients from host sources . M . tb scavenges non-heme iron using mycobactin and carboxymycobactin siderophores , synthesized by mycobactin synthases ( Mbt ) . Although a general mechanism for myco...	M . tuberculosis ( M . tb ) survives only if it can acquire iron from its human host , so new therapies for tuberculosis might be discovered if the pathways necessary for iron acquisition are identified . M . tb scavenges iron in two ways: from free iron , or from the blood in the form of heme . To bind free iron , M ....	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Lipidomic Analysis Links Mycobactin Synthase K to Iron Uptake and Virulence in M. tuberculosis
With remarkable spatial and temporal specificities , peripheral membrane proteins bind to biological membranes . They do this without compromising solubility of the protein , and their binding sites are not easily distinguished . Prototypical peripheral membrane binding sites display a combination of patches of basic a...	Peripheral membrane proteins bind cellular membranes transiently , and are otherwise soluble proteins . As the interaction between proteins and membranes happens at cellular interfaces they are naturally involved in important interfacial processes such as recognition , signaling and trafficking . Commonly their binding...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "membrane", "proteins", "protein", "structure", "comparison", "biochemistry", "peripheral", "membrane", "proteins", "protein", "structure", "determination", "cell", "biology", "protein", "structure", "prediction", "proteins", "integral", "membrane", "proteins", "protein", ...	2018	A model for hydrophobic protrusions on peripheral membrane proteins
Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) is a complex trait characterised by the production of a range of auto-antibodies and a diverse set of clinical phenotypes . Currently , ∼8% of the genetic contribution to SLE in Europeans is known , following publication of several moderate-sized genome-wide ( GW ) association studi...	Genome-wide association studies have revolutionised our ability to identify common susceptibility alleles for systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) . In complex diseases such as SLE , where many different genes make a modest contribution to disease susceptibility , it is necessary to perform large-scale association stud...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "medicine", "rheumatology", "genetics", "of", "the", "immune", "system", "genetic", "association", "studies", "genetics", "immunology", "biology", "human", "genetics", "genetics", "of", "disease", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2011	Association of NCF2, IKZF1, IRF8, IFIH1, and TYK2 with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
The monitoring and evaluation of lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) has largely relied on the detection of antigenemia and antibodies in human populations . Molecular xenomonitoring ( MX ) , the detection of parasite DNA/RNA in mosquitoes , may be an effective complementary method , particularly for detecting signals in low-l...	Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is one of the world’s foremost debilitating infectious diseases with nearly 800 million people at risk of infection . Given that LF is a mosquito-borne disease , the use of molecular xenomonitoring ( MX ) to detect parasite DNA/RNA in mosquitoes can serve as a valuable tool for LF monitoring...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "geographical", "locations", "india", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "ethnicities", "organisms", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "infectious", "disease", "control", "insect", "vectors", "research", "and"...	2017	Application of a household-based molecular xenomonitoring strategy to evaluate the lymphatic filariasis elimination program in Tamil Nadu, India
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC ) , defined by their elaboration of heat-labile ( LT ) and/or heat-stable ( ST ) enterotoxins , are a common cause of diarrheal illness in developing countries . Efficient delivery of these toxins requires ETEC to engage target host enterocytes . This engagement is accomplished u...	Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC ) infections contribute substantially to death and morbidity due to diarrheal illness and are associated with serious sequelae including malnutrition , stunted growth , and intellectual impairment among young children in developing countries . Effective engagement of intestinal e...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "bacteriology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "toxins", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "microbiology", "pili", "and", "fimbriae", "toxic", "agents", "toxicology", "epithelial", "cells", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles"...	2017	Highly conserved type 1 pili promote enterotoxigenic E. coli pathogen-host interactions
Adipose tissue has emerged as an important regulator of whole-body metabolism , and its capacity to dissipate energy in the form of heat has acquired a special relevance in recent years as potential treatment for obesity . In this context , the p38MAPK pathway has arisen as a key player in the thermogenic program becau...	Accumulation of fat in adipose tissue is essential to store energy and insulate the body; however , excessive body fat leads to obesity . Of the 2 existing types of adipose tissue , white adipose tissue ( WAT ) stores energy , whereas brown adipose tissue ( BAT ) can produce heat . Activation of BAT and transformation ...	[ "Abstract", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "methods" ]	[ "body", "weight", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "brown", "adipose", "tissue", "diet", "physiological", "processes", "adipocytes", "physiological", "parameters", "nutrition", "connective", "tissue", "cells", "obesity", "lipids", "animal", "cells", "fats", "c...	2018	p38α blocks brown adipose tissue thermogenesis through p38δ inhibition
Here , we have investigated the possible effect of B-1 cells on the activity of peritoneal macrophages in E . cuniculi infection . In the presence of B-1 cells , peritoneal macrophages had an M1 profile with showed increased phagocytic capacity and index , associated with the intense microbicidal activity and a higher ...	The adaptive immune response plays a key role against Encephalitozoon cuniculi , an opportunistic fungus for T cells immunodeficient patients . The role of B cells and antibody play in natural resistance to Encephalitozoon cuniculi remains unknown . Previously , we demonstrated that B-1 deficient mice ( XID ) , an impo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "cell", "death", "innate", "immune", "system", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "immune", "physiology", "cytokines", "vacuoles", "vesicles", "immunology", "cell", "processes", "developmental", "biology", "phagosomes", "mole...	2019	B-1 cell-mediated modulation of M1 macrophage profile can ameliorate microbicidal functions and disrupt the evasion mechanisms of Encephalitozoon cuniculi
This study examines the use of topical pharmacological agents as a snakebite first aid where slowing venom reaching the circulation prevents systemic toxicity . It is based on the fact that toxin molecules in most snake venoms are large molecules and generally first enter and traverse the lymphatic system before access...	Snakebite remains a major problem worldwide causing death or serious illness in many tens of thousands of victims annually . An approach to reduce the burden of envenoming is to provide optimum first aid procedures . We have previously shown that topical application of a nitric oxide ( NO ) donor slowed lymph flow to s...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "immune", "physiology", "lymphatic", "system", "biology", "anatomy", "and", "physiology" ]	2014	Pharmacological Approaches That Slow Lymphatic Flow As a Snakebite First Aid
Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for the regulation of all genes in mammalian cells but transcriptional repression including DNA methylation are also major epigenetic mechanisms of defense inactivating potentially harmful pathogens . Epstein-Barr Virus ( EBV ) , however , has evolved to take advantage of CpG methyla...	Latency is a fundamental molecular mechanism that is observed in many viruses . We reveal that the human herpes virus Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) uses cellular functions of epigenetic repression to establish latency in infected B cells and a previously unknown mechanism to escape from it . We show that the herpesviral D...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cellular", "stress", "responses", "dna", "transcription", "histone", "modification", "epigenetics", "dna", "dna", "structure", "chromatin", "gene", "expression", "biology", "dna", "modification", "molecular", "biology", "cell", "biology", "nucleic", "acids", "genetics"...	2012	BZLF1 Governs CpG-Methylated Chromatin of Epstein-Barr Virus Reversing Epigenetic Repression
Cognitive abilities and disorders unique to humans are thought to result from adaptively driven changes in brain transcriptomes , but little is known about the role of cis-regulatory changes affecting transcription start sites ( TSS ) . Here , we mapped in human , chimpanzee , and macaque prefrontal cortex the genome-w...	Primate and human genomes comprise billions of base pairs , but we are unlikely to gain a deeper understanding of brain functions unique to human ( including cognitive abilities and psychiatric diseases ) merely by comparing linear DNA sequences . Such determinants of species-specific function might instead be found in...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "mental", "health", "neurological", "disorders", "neurology", "genetics", "biology", "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology", "neuroscience", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2012	Human-Specific Histone Methylation Signatures at Transcription Start Sites in Prefrontal Neurons
In honey bees ( Apis mellifera ) the behaviorally and reproductively distinct queen and worker female castes derive from the same genome as a result of differential intake of royal jelly and are implemented in concert with DNA methylation . To determine if these very different diet-controlled phenotypes correlate with ...	The queen honey bee and her worker sisters do not seem to have much in common . Workers are active and intelligent , skillfully navigating the outside world in search of food for the colony . They never reproduce; that task is left entirely to the much larger and longer-lived queen , who is permanently ensconced within...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/epigenetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "expression", "genetics", "and", "genomics/functional", "genomics" ]	2010	The Honey Bee Epigenomes: Differential Methylation of Brain DNA in Queens and Workers
It is well-known that weakly electric fish can exhibit extreme temporal acuity at the behavioral level , discriminating time intervals in the submicrosecond range . However , relatively little is known about the spatial acuity of the electrosense . Here we use a recently developed model of the electric field generated ...	Extracting and characterizing small signals in a noisy background is a universal problem in sensory processing . In human audition , this is referred to as the cocktail party problem . Weakly electric knifefish face a similar difficulty . Objects in their environment produce distortions in a self-generated electric fie...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology", "teleost", "fishes", "neuroscience", "computational", "biology" ]	2007	Spatial Acuity and Prey Detection in Weakly Electric Fish
It is estimated that 190 million individuals are at risk of blindness from trachoma , and that control by mass drug administration ( MDA ) is reducing this risk in many populations . Programs are monitored using prevalence of follicular trachoma disease ( TF ) in children . However , as programs progress to low prevale...	Trachoma is a bacterial infection , which , with repeated infections over time , can lead to blindness . The WHO is aiming to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem by 2020 , however at low prevalence levels the relationship between infection and disease prevalence is non-linear , making the interpretation of da...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "population", "dynamics", "tropical", "diseases", "bacterial", "diseases", "age", "groups", "eye", "diseases", "neglected", "tropical", "disea...	2018	Optimising sampling regimes and data collection to inform surveillance for trachoma control
Morphogens are secreted signalling molecules that act in a graded manner to control the pattern of cellular differentiation in developing tissues . An example is Sonic hedgehog ( Shh ) , which acts in several developing vertebrate tissues , including the central nervous system , to provide positional information during...	In many developing tissues , the pattern in which cell types are generated depends on secreted factors called morphogens . These signalling molecules are produced in specific locations and at specific concentrations , thereby forming concentration gradients . Different target genes are induced at specific distances fro...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology/pattern", "formation", "developmental", "biology/neurodevelopment", "developmental", "biology" ]	2010	Dynamic Assignment and Maintenance of Positional Identity in the Ventral Neural Tube by the Morphogen Sonic Hedgehog
Anaplasma phagocytophilum , the causative agent of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ( HGA ) , is an obligately intracellular α-proteobacterium that is transmitted by Ixodes spp ticks . However , the pathogen is not transovarially transmitted between tick generations and therefore needs to survive in both a mammalian hos...	Since its discovery in 1994 , Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ( HGA ) has become the second most commonly diagnosed tick-borne disease in the US , and it is gaining importance in several countries in Europe . HGA is caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum , a bacterium transmitted by black-legged ticks and their relatives ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	An O-Methyltransferase Is Required for Infection of Tick Cells by Anaplasma phagocytophilum
RIG-I triggers antiviral responses by recognizing viral RNA ( vRNA ) in the cytoplasm . However , the spatio-temporal dynamics of vRNA sensing and signal transduction remain elusive . We investigated the time course of events in cells infected with Newcastle disease virus ( NDV ) , a non-segmented negative-strand RNA v...	RIG-I plays a critical role in sensing cytoplasmic vRNA and triggering a downstream signaling cascade to produce the antiviral cytokine IFN . Over the past decade , a number of in vitro studies have been undertaken to address the nature of the ligands for RIG-I , and it was demonstrated that RNA species forming a 5’-tr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "nucleic", "acid", "synthesis", "nuclear", "staining", "hela", "cells", "gene", "regulation", "biological", "cultures", "rna", "extraction", "viruses", "rna", "viruses", "cell", "cultures", "rna", "synthesis", "extraction", "techniques", "chemical", "synthesis", "rese...	2016	Leader-Containing Uncapped Viral Transcript Activates RIG-I in Antiviral Stress Granules
To implement effective control measures , timely outbreak detection is essential . Shigella is the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in Argentina . Highly resistant clones of Shigella have emerged , and outbreaks have been recognized in closed settings and in whole communities . We hereby report our experience wi...	Shigellosis causes dysentery and kills an estimated 1 . 1 million people per year worldwide , 60% of them children under the age of 5 . The infectious agent is Shigella spp , transmitted from person to person by fecal-oral route or via ingestion of contaminated food or water . Having a system for early detection of out...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	Laboratory-Based Prospective Surveillance for Community Outbreaks of Shigella spp. in Argentina
Meiotic recombination ensures proper chromosome segregation in many sexually reproducing organisms . Despite this crucial function , rates of recombination are highly variable within and between taxa , and the genetic basis of this variation remains poorly understood . Here , we exploit natural variation in the inbred ...	During meiosis , homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through recombination . In most sexually reproducing species , recombination is necessary for chromosomes to properly segregate . Recombination defects can generate gametes with an incorrect number of chromosomes , which is devastating for organismal fit...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "invertebrates", "animals", "wolbachia", "animal", "models", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "genome", "analysis", "karyotypes", "dna", "bacteria", "drosophila", "homologous", "recombination", "research", "and", ...	2016	The Genetic Architecture of Natural Variation in Recombination Rate in Drosophila melanogaster
Insulin provides important information to tissues about feeding behavior and energy status . Defective insulin signaling is associated with ageing , tissue dysfunction , and impaired wound healing . In the liver , insulin resistance leads to chronic damage and fibrosis , but it is unclear how tissue-repair mechanisms i...	“Insulin resistance” is a chronic state of reduced sensitivity to the effects of circulating insulin . It is one of the hallmarks of metabolic disease and a consequence of ageing , but insulin resistance is also observed in otherwise healthy individuals after severe trauma/hemorrhage/sepsis , suggesting that it plays a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "liver", "diabetic", "endocrinology", "paracrine", "signaling", "messenger", "rna", "cell", "differentiation", "hormones", "endocrine", "physiology", "developmental", "biology", "insulin", "resistance", "growth", "factors", "fibrob...	2019	Insulin resistance disrupts epithelial repair and niche-progenitor Fgf signaling during chronic liver injury
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the causative agent of chronic respiratory infections and is an important pathogen of cystic fibrosis patients . Adaptive mutations play an essential role for antimicrobial resistance and persistence . The factors that contribute to bacterial mutagenesis in this environment are not clear . Rec...	Cationic antimicrobial peptides ( cAMPs ) are small proteins naturally produced by the immune system to limit bacterial growth mainly through pore formation in the membrane . It has recently been suggested that sub-inhibitory concentrations of cAMPs promote bacterial mutagenesis , similarly to antibiotics . However , w...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Cationic Peptides Facilitate Iron-induced Mutagenesis in Bacteria
Achieving global food security for the estimated 9 billion people by 2050 is a major scientific challenge . Crop productivity is fundamentally restricted by the rate of fixation of atmospheric carbon . The dedicated enzyme , RubisCO , has a low turnover and poor specificity for CO2 . This limitation of C3 photosynthesi...	Feeding the estimated world population of 9 billion people by 2050 presents a major challenge . Crop yields currently increase by about 1% each year . They would need to grow almost twice as fast to ensure global food security . New technologies that boost plant productivity are needed . A fundamental factor limiting p...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Model", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "photosynthetic", "efficiency", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "c3", "photosynthesis", "chemical", "compounds", "particle", "physics", "atmospheric", "science", "plant", "cell", "biology", "permeability", "chloroplasts", "photons", "plant", "science", "mat...	2019	Computational modelling predicts substantial carbon assimilation gains for C3 plants with a single-celled C4 biochemical pump
The Asian tiger mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ) is an invasive species and important arbovirus vector that was introduced into the U . S . in the 1980's where it continues to expand its range . Winter temperature is an important constraint to its northward expansion , with potential range limits located between the 0° an...	The Asian tiger mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ) is a highly invasive species and an important disease vector that is undergoing rapid range expansion in many countries including the U . S . Winter temperature is an important limit to its northward expansion with Connecticut situated near the northern boundary of its pote...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "united", "states", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "animals", "north", "america", "viruses", "seasons", "developmental", "biology", "rna", ...	2017	Northern range expansion of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus): Analysis of mosquito data from Connecticut, USA
The functional HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) trimer , the target of anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies ( Abs ) , is innately labile and coexists with non-native forms of Env . This lability and heterogeneity in Env has been associated with its tendency to elicit non-neutralizing Abs . Here , we use directed evolu...	A vaccine is needed to prevent HIV/AIDS but eliciting potent neutralizing antibodies ( Abs ) against primary isolates has been a major stumbling block . The target of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies is the native envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) trimer that is displayed on the surface of the virus . Virion associated Env ty...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "humoral", "immunity", "immunodeficiency", "viruses", "viral", "vaccines", "immunity", "virology", "microbial", "evolution", "biology", "microbiology", "viral", "evolution" ]	2013	Increased Functional Stability and Homogeneity of Viral Envelope Spikes through Directed Evolution
Brucella is an intracellular pathogen able to persist for long periods of time within the host and establish a chronic disease . We show that soon after Brucella inoculation in intestinal loops , dendritic cells from ileal Peyer's patches become infected and constitute a cell target for this pathogen . In vitro , we fo...	A key determinant for intracellular pathogenic bacteria to induce infectious diseases is their ability to avoid recognition by the host immune system . Although most microorganisms internalized by host cells are efficiently cleared , Brucella behave as a Trojan horse causing a zoonosis called brucellosis that affects b...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "mus", "(mouse)", "infectious", "diseases", "microbiology", "eubacteria" ]	2008	Brucella Control of Dendritic Cell Maturation Is Dependent on the TIR-Containing Protein Btp1
The mechanisms that regulate post-natal growth of the craniofacial complex and that ultimately determine the size and shape of our faces are not well understood . Hippo signaling is a general mechanism to control tissue growth and organ size , and although it is known that Hippo signaling functions in neural crest spec...	The basic question of how human faces develop , undergo morphogenesis and grow after birth to define our final characteristic shape has been studied from the earliest days of comparative vertebrate developmental research . While many studies have shown the factors and mechanisms that contribute to the cells and tissues...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "face", "gene", "regulation", "cell", "processes", "mandible", "incisors", "developmental", "biology", "embryos", "digestive", "system", "embryology", "cell", "proliferation", "gene", "expression", "biological", "tissue", "head",...	2018	FoxO6 regulates Hippo signaling and growth of the craniofacial complex
CD36 is the major receptor mediating nonopsonic phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes by macrophages . Its expression on macrophages is mainly controlled by the nuclear receptor PPARγ . Here , we demonstrate that inflammatory processes negatively regulate CD36 expression on human and murine mac...	Severe and fatal malaria is still increasing both in incidence and in its resistance to antimalarial agents . The improved understanding of immune mechanisms mediating Plasmodium elimination might therefore offer a complementary way to conventional therapeutic interventions . The main host innate immune defense mechani...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "biology" ]	2011	Nrf2, a PPARγ Alternative Pathway to Promote CD36 Expression on Inflammatory Macrophages: Implication for Malaria
Long interspersed ( L1 ) and Alu elements are actively amplified in the human genome through retrotransposition of their RNA intermediates by the ∼100 still retrotranspositionally fully competent L1 elements . Retrotransposition can cause inherited disease if such an element is inserted near or within a functional gene...	Repetitive retrotransposable elements , including LINE1 and Alu elements accounting for more than one fourth of the human genome , are still actively amplifying . It is widely believed that retroelements insert randomly in the genome . Retroelements newly inserted in the germ line may cause genetic disease , if a funct...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "biology" ]	2011	The NF1 Gene Contains Hotspots for L1 Endonuclease-Dependent De Novo Insertion
We explore the relationship among experimental design , parameter estimation , and systematic error in sloppy models . We show that the approximate nature of mathematical models poses challenges for experimental design in sloppy models . In many models of complex biological processes it is unknown what are the relevant...	Sloppy models are often unidentifiable , i . e . , characterized by many parameters that are poorly constrained by experimental data . Many models of complex biological systems are sloppy , which has prompted considerable debate about the identifiability of parameters and methods of selecting optimal experiments to inf...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "manifolds", "experimental", "design", "egfr", "signaling", "mathematical", "models", "eigenvalues", "research", "design", "systems", "science", "mathematics", "algebra", "dna", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "complex", "systems", "computer", "and", "informat...	2016	The Limitations of Model-Based Experimental Design and Parameter Estimation in Sloppy Systems
Cats ( Felis catus ) are reservoirs of several pathogens that affect humans , including Toxoplasma gondii . Infection of pregnant women with T . gondii can cause ocular and neurological lesions in newborns , and congenital toxoplasmosis has been associated with schizophrenia , epilepsy , movement disorders , and Alzhei...	Infection with T . gondii can cause miscarriage or severe ocular and neurological lesions in newborns , systemic disease in immunocompromised individuals , and has been linked to mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as schizophrenia , Alzheimer’s and movement disorders in adults . On the majority of isl...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "geomorphology", "united", "states", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "landforms", "toxoplasma", "gondii", "california", "topography", "geographical", "locations", "vertebrates", "parasitic", "protozoans", "mammals", "animals", "north", "america", "protozoans", "t...	2019	Potential public health benefits from cat eradications on islands
Previous genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have identified hundreds of genetic loci to be associated with body mass index ( BMI ) and risk of obesity . Genetic effects can differ between individuals depending on lifestyle or environmental factors due to gene-environment interactions . In this study , we examine ...	Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have identified hundreds of genes as being associated with body mass index ( BMI ) . How these genetic effects are modulated by lifestyle factors has not been extensively investigated previously . Here we utilise data from approximately 360 , 000 participants from the UK Biobank...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "body", "weight", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "computational", "biology", "diet", "physical", "activity", "biological", "locomotion", "health", "care", "regression", "analysis", "nutrition", "mathematics", "statistics"...	2017	Gene-environment interaction study for BMI reveals interactions between genetic factors and physical activity, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status
Gamma rhythms ( 30–100 Hz ) are an extensively studied synchronous brain state responsible for a number of sensory , memory , and motor processes . Experimental evidence suggests that fast-spiking interneurons are responsible for carrying the high frequency components of the rhythm , while regular-spiking pyramidal neu...	Fast periodic synchronized neural spiking corresponds to a variety of functions in many different areas of the brain . Most theories and experiments suggest inhibitory neurons carry the regular rhythm while being driven by excitatory neurons that spike more sparsely in time . We suggest a simple mechanism for the low f...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "circuit", "models", "mathematics", "neural", "networks", "computational", "neuroscience", "biology", "computational", "biology", "neuroscience", "nonlinear", "dynamics" ]	2011	Sparse Gamma Rhythms Arising through Clustering in Adapting Neuronal Networks
The primate connectome , possessing a characteristic global topology and specific regional connectivity profiles , is well organized to support both segregated and integrated brain function . However , the organization mechanisms shaping the characteristic connectivity and its relationship to functional requirements re...	The intricate primate structural connectome , as the network substrate for distributed and integrated brain function , is shaped by fundamental physical factors and functional requirements . We addressed a trade-off between two competing basic factors of wiring cost and processing efficiency as well as additional requi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "neural", "networks", "nervous", "system", "vertebrates", "neuroscience", "animals", "mammals", "primates", "optimization", "mathematics", "brain", "mapping", "network", "analysis", "old", "world", "monkeys", "research", "and", ...	2017	Features of spatial and functional segregation and integration of the primate connectome revealed by trade-off between wiring cost and efficiency
Globally there are an estimated 390 million dengue infections per year , of which 96 million are clinically apparent . In Cambodia , estimates suggest as many as 185 , 850 cases annually . The World Health Organization global strategy for dengue prevention aims to reduce mortality rates by 50% and morbidity by 25% by 2...	The global incidence of dengue has grown dramatically over the last few decades and has become the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne disease . To date , there is no specific treatment . A vaccine came on the market in 2015 , but it will be several years before it becomes widely available and its efficacy is limited...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "animals", "health", "care", "signs", "and", "symptoms", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "infectious", "dise...	2018	Dengue knowledge, attitudes and practices and their impact on community-based vector control in rural Cambodia
Defining the components of an HIV immunogen that could induce effective CD8+ T cell responses is critical to vaccine development . We addressed this question by investigating the viral targets of CD8+ T cells that potently inhibit HIV replication in vitro , as this is highly predictive of virus control in vivo . We obs...	Attempts to develop an HIV vaccine that elicits potent cell-mediated immunity have so far been unsuccessful . This is due in part to the use of immunogens that appear to recapitulate responses induced naturally by HIV that are , at best , partially effective . We previously showed that the capacity of CD8+ T cells from...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Identification of Effective Subdominant Anti-HIV-1 CD8+ T Cells Within Entire Post-infection and Post-vaccination Immune Responses
Mutations in whirlin cause either Usher syndrome type II ( USH2 ) , a deafness-blindness disorder , or nonsyndromic deafness . The molecular basis for the variable disease expression is unknown . We show here that only the whirlin long isoform , distinct from a short isoform by virtue of having two N-terminal PDZ domai...	Usher syndrome is a devastating genetic disorder affecting both vision and hearing . It is classified into three clinical types . Among them , type II ( USH2 ) is the predominant form accounting for about 70% of all Usher syndrome cases . Three genes , USH2A , USH2C , and USH2D , underlie the development of USH2; and t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "biology", "ophthalmology/retinal", "disorders" ]	2010	Ablation of Whirlin Long Isoform Disrupts the USH2 Protein Complex and Causes Vision and Hearing Loss
HIV protease , an aspartyl protease crucial to the life cycle of HIV , is the target of many drug development programs . Though many protease inhibitors are on the market , protease eventually evades these drugs by mutating at a rapid pace and building drug resistance . The drug resistance mutations , called primary mu...	HIV is incurable because its enzymes evolve rapidly by developing resistance mutations to retroviral inhibitors . Most of these mutations work synergistically , but the biophysical basis behind their cooperation is not well understood . Our work addresses these important issues by bridging the gap between the statistic...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "protein", "interactions", "protein", "folding", "protein", "structure", "sequence", "analysis", "infectious", "diseases", "proteins", "hiv", "biology", "biophysics", "physics", "biochemistry", "protein", "chemistry", "viral", "diseases", "computational", "bio...	2012	Correlated Electrostatic Mutations Provide a Reservoir of Stability in HIV Protease
Evolutionary game theory is a powerful framework for studying evolution in populations of interacting individuals . A common assumption in evolutionary game theory is that interactions are symmetric , which means that the players are distinguished by only their strategies . In nature , however , the microscopic interac...	Biological interactions , even between members of the same species , are almost always asymmetric due to differences in size , access to resources , or past interactions . However , classical game-theoretical models of evolution fail to account for sources of asymmetry in a comprehensive manner . Here , we extend the t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Asymmetric Evolutionary Games
Understanding the structure and dynamics of cortical connectivity is vital to understanding cortical function . Experimental data strongly suggest that local recurrent connectivity in the cortex is significantly non-random , exhibiting , for example , above-chance bidirectionality and an overrepresentation of certain t...	The problem of how the brain wires itself up has important implications for the understanding of both brain development and cognition . The microscopic structure of the circuits of the adult neocortex , often considered the seat of our highest cognitive abilities , is still poorly understood . Recent experiments have p...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infographics", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "action", "potentials", "neural", "networks", "nervous", "system", "membrane", "potential", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "synaptic", "plasticity", "network", "analysis", "neuronal", "plasticity", "developmenta...	2016	Plasticity-Driven Self-Organization under Topological Constraints Accounts for Non-random Features of Cortical Synaptic Wiring
Taenia solium inflicts substantial neurologic disease and economic losses on rural communities in many developing nations . “Ring-strategy” is a control intervention that targets treatment of humans and pigs among clusters of households ( rings ) that surround pigs heavily infected with cysticerci . These pigs are typi...	Taenia solium is a cestode that infects humans and pigs . The parasite causes up to one-third of epilepsy in Latin America , Asia and Africa and results in economic harm to smallholder farmers who cannot sell the contaminated pork of their infected pigs . “Ring-strategy” is an intervention being evaluated as a potentia...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "livestock", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "diagnostic", "radiology", "ultrasound", "imaging", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "tropical", "diseases", "vertebrates", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "mammals", "tongue", "neglected", "tropical",...	2017	Assessing Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Tool for Porcine Cysticercosis
Maintenance of physiologic phosphate balance is of crucial biological importance , as it is fundamental to cellular function , energy metabolism , and skeletal mineralization . Fibroblast growth factor-23 ( FGF-23 ) is a master regulator of phosphate homeostasis , but the molecular mechanism of such regulation is not y...	Regulation of phosphate homeostasis is a tightly controlled hormonal process involving the intestine , kidneys , and bone , and imbalance of this homeostasis may influence overall mineralization . Fibroblast growth factor-23 ( FGF-23 ) is a circulating hormone produced in the bone that mainly targets the kidneys to con...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/animal", "genetics", "developmental", "biology", "diabetes", "and", "endocrinology/endocrinology", "nephrology/renal", "physiology", "pathology/pathophysiology", "developmental", "biology/aging", "genetics", "and", "genomics/disease", "models", "genet...	2008	Genetic Evidence of Serum Phosphate-Independent Functions of FGF-23 on Bone
The cell wall is a vital and multi-functional part of bacterial cells . For Staphylococcus aureus , an important human bacterial pathogen , surface proteins and cell wall polymers are essential for adhesion , colonization and during the infection process . One such cell wall polymer , lipoteichoic acid ( LTA ) , is cru...	Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that colonizes the nares and skin of both sick and healthy individuals and causes a variety of infections ranging from superficial skin to invasive infections . The ability of this bacterium to cause disease depends on many factors and is , in part , due to multi-fun...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "biochemistry", "infectious", "diseases", "immunology", "biology", "microbiology" ]	2011	c-di-AMP Is a New Second Messenger in Staphylococcus aureus with a Role in Controlling Cell Size and Envelope Stress
Plague is an epidemic-prone disease with a potential impact on public health , international trade , and tourism . It may emerge and re-emerge after decades of epidemiological silence . Today , in Latin America , human cases and foci are present in Bolivia , Brazil , Ecuador , and Peru . The objective of this study is ...	Plague is a disease of epidemic potential that could emerge and re-emerge after decades of epidemiological silence . Today , in Latin America , human cases and natural foci are present in Bolivia , Brazil , Ecuador , and Peru . We searched for official information of where cases of human plague still persist in Latin A...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "health", "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "global", "health" ]	2014	Where Does Human Plague Still Persist in Latin America?
Host factors that facilitate viral entry into cells can , in principle , be identified from a virus-host protein interaction network , but for most viruses information for such a network is limited . To help fill this void , we developed a bioinformatics approach and applied it to hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection , ...	Viruses recruit host proteins , called entry factors , to help gain entry to host cells . Identification of entry factors can provide targets for developing antiviral drugs . By exploring the concept that short linear peptide motifs involved in human protein-protein interactions may be mimicked by viruses to hijack cer...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "liver", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "hepacivirus", "pathogens", "protein", "interaction", "networks", "microbiology", "viruses", "oncology", "rna", "viruses", "network", "analysis", "research", "and", "analysis...	2017	Identification of Entry Factors Involved in Hepatitis C Virus Infection Based on Host-Mimicking Short Linear Motifs
Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) has caused multiple outbreaks in tropical and temperate areas worldwide , but the clinical and biological features of this disease are poorly described , particularly in Africa . We report a prospective study of clinical and biological features during an outbreak that occurred in Franceville...	Chikungunya fever ( CHIK ) is a disease caused by a virus transmitted to humans by infected mosquitos . The virus is responsible for multiple outbreaks in tropical and temperate areas worldwide , and is now a global concern . Clinical and biological features of the disease are poorly described , especially in Africa , ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine" ]	2012	Clinical Forms of Chikungunya in Gabon, 2010
Recent analyses of the fossil record and molecular phylogenies suggest that there are fundamental limits to biodiversity , possibly arising from constraints in the availability of space , resources , or ecological niches . Under this hypothesis , speciation rates decay over time and biodiversity eventually saturates , ...	Is species diversity in equilibrium , or is it still expanding ? Are there ecological limits on diversity , or will evolution always find new niches for further specialization ? These are all long-standing questions about the dynamics of macro-evolution , which have been examined using the fossil record and , more rece...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "ecology/evolutionary", "ecology", "evolutionary", "biology/evolutionary", "ecology", "evolutionary", "biology", "ecology", "ecology/community", "ecology", "and", "biodiversity", "ecology/theoretical", "ecology" ]	2010	Inferring the Dynamics of Diversification: A Coalescent Approach

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