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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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It has been recently reported that a side population of cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) displayed characteristics of stem-like cancer cells . However , the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of such stem-like cell populations in NPC remain unclear . Epstein-Barr virus was the first identified huma... | Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) infects about 90% of people worldwide and persists benignly as a latent infection . However , EBV is associated with different types of human cancer . Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) is the most commonly known EBV associated cancer and expresses a well defined set of latent viral genes , inc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology/head",
"and",
"neck",
"cancers"
] | 2010 | Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded LMP2A Induces an Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Increases the Number of Side Population Stem-like Cancer Cells in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
Identifying control strategies for biological networks is paramount for practical applications that involve reprogramming a cell’s fate , such as disease therapeutics and stem cell reprogramming . Here we develop a novel network control framework that integrates the structural and functional information available for i... | Practical applications in modern molecular and systems biology such as the search for new therapeutic targets for diseases and stem cell reprogramming have generated a great interest in controlling the internal dynamics of a cell . Here we present a network control approach that integrates the structural and functional... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Cell Fate Reprogramming by Control of Intracellular Network Dynamics |
Rat-borne leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease in urban slum settlements for which there are no adequate control measures . The challenge in elucidating risk factors and informing approaches for prevention is the complex and heterogeneous environment within slums , which vary at fine spatial scales and influen... | Leptospirosis is a rat-borne infectious disease that occurs worldwide , predominantly among vulnerable populations , such as urban slum communities with poor sanitation infrastructure . However , urban slums are complex local settings , where transmission of the disease varies over space and time , and the factors that... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Spatiotemporal Determinants of Urban Leptospirosis Transmission: Four-Year Prospective Cohort Study of Slum Residents in Brazil |
A critical step in the life cycle of many fungal pathogens is the transition between yeast-like growth and the formation of filamentous structures , a process known as dimorphism . This morphological shift , typically triggered by multiple environmental signals , is tightly controlled by complex genetic pathways to ens... | Fungal plant pathogens cause serious damage to crops with huge social and economic consequences . To cause disease , many such fungi need to change their morphology between a yeast-like , unicellular form and a filamentous state . This change , known as dimorphism , is tightly controlled by complex genetic pathways to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"ustilago",
"maydis",
"mechanisms",
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"signal",
"transduction",
"plant",
"biology",
"gene",
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"microbiology",
"dna",
"transcription",
"gene",
"function",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"pathology",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"microbial"... | 2011 | The General Transcriptional Repressor Tup1 Is Required for Dimorphism and Virulence in a Fungal Plant Pathogen |
Interferon-induced transmembrane ( IFITM ) proteins are a family of viral restriction factors that inhibit the entry processes of several pathogenic viruses , including influenza A virus ( IAV ) , in vitro . Here we report that IAV-infected knockout mice lacking the Ifitm locus on chromosome 7 exhibited accelerated dis... | The human genome contains many genes devoted to combating viral infections . Some of these genes encode a family of proteins called interferon-induced transmembrane ( IFITM ) proteins which were recently discovered to inhibit infection by influenza A viruses in cell culture experiments . Here we show that genetically e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
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"cells",
"immunity",
"virology",
"innate",
"immunity",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Ifitm3 Limits the Severity of Acute Influenza in Mice |
Small , secreted proteins have been found to play crucial roles in interactions between biotrophic/hemi-biotrophic pathogens and plants . However , little is known about the roles of these proteins produced by broad host-range necrotrophic phytopathogens during infection . Here , we report that a cysteine-rich , small ... | To resist biotrophic and hemibiotrophic phytopathogens , plants utilize an innate immune system , mediated through nucleotide binding ( NB ) -leucine rich repeat ( LRR ) proteins , to respond to effectors , most of which are small secreted proteins . Hypersensitive responses ( HRs ) resulting from this type of interact... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
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] | [
"cell",
"death",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"medicine",
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"and",
"infection",
"plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"fungi",
"plant",
"science",
"pl... | 2016 | A Small Secreted Virulence-Related Protein Is Essential for the Necrotrophic Interactions of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with Its Host Plants |
The small GTPase RAB-5/Rab5 is a master regulator of the early endosome , required for a myriad of coordinated activities , including the degradation and recycling of internalized cargo . Here we focused on the recycling function of the early endosome and the regulation of RAB-5 by GAP protein TBC-2 in the basolateral ... | When cargo is internalized from the cell surface by endocytosis , it enters a series of intracellular organelles called endosomes . Endosomes sort cargo , such that some cargos are sent to the lysosome for degradation , while others are recycled to the plasma membrane . Small GTPase proteins of the Rabs family are mast... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Basolateral Endocytic Recycling Requires RAB-10 and AMPH-1 Mediated Recruitment of RAB-5 GAP TBC-2 to Endosomes |
The large extracellular loop of the Schistosoma mansoni tetraspanin , Sm-TSP-2 , when fused to a thioredoxin partner and formulated with Freund's adjuvants , has been shown to be an efficacious vaccine against murine schistosomiasis . Moreover , Sm-TSP-2 is uniquely recognised by IgG1 and IgG3 from putatively resistant... | There are currently no vaccines available to combat helminth ( worm ) infections in humans . The most devastating of the diseases caused by human helminths are schistosomiasis ( or bilharzia ) and hookworm disease . By fusing one of the lead schistosomiasis vaccine antigens , Sm-TSP-2 , with a protective fragment from ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Enhanced Protective Efficacy of a Chimeric Form of the Schistosomiasis Vaccine Antigen Sm-TSP-2 |
Sir2 is an NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase required to mediate transcriptional silencing and suppress rDNA recombination in budding yeast . We previously identified Tdh3 , a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ) , as a high expression suppressor of the lethality caused by Sir2 overexpression in yeast ce... | Cells respond to changing signals or environmental conditions by altering the expression of their genes . For instance , our cells respond to the presence of glucose or insulin in the bloodstream by regulating the expression of genes involved in basic cell metabolism . The sirtuin family of proteins has been proposed t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Yeast Tdh3 (Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) Is a Sir2-Interacting Factor That Regulates Transcriptional Silencing and rDNA Recombination |
Kingella kingae is an encapsulated gram-negative organism that is a common cause of osteoarticular infections in young children . In earlier work , we identified a glycosyltransferase gene called csaA that is necessary for synthesis of the [3 ) -β-GalpNAc- ( 1→5 ) -β-Kdop- ( 2→] polysaccharide capsule ( type a ) in K .... | Kingella kingae is a gram-negative pathogen that is being recognized increasingly as a cause of joint , bone , and other bloodborne infections in young children , reflecting advances in cultivation techniques and molecular methods of detection . Previous work established that K . kingae expresses a polysaccharide capsu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
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"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
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"pathogens",
"microbiology",
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"diseases",
"materials",
"science",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"macromolecules",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"materials",
"... | 2016 | Kingella kingae Expresses Four Structurally Distinct Polysaccharide Capsules That Differ in Their Correlation with Invasive Disease |
Previous work has demonstrated the presence of ribonucleotides in human mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) and in the present study we use a genome-wide approach to precisely map the location of these . We find that ribonucleotides are distributed evenly between the heavy- and light-strand of mtDNA . The relative levels of in... | Human mitochondria contain a small double-stranded DNA genome ( mtDNA ) of only 16 , 569 base pairs ( bp ) that encodes 13 essential subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system . Depletion of mtDNA and different types of mtDNA mutations cause mitochondrial disease , and are also implicated in biological ageing . F... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
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"Materials",
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] | [
"medicine",
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"dna-binding",
"proteins",
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"nucleotides",
"fibroblasts",
"dna",
"replication",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cells",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
... | 2017 | Nucleotide pools dictate the identity and frequency of ribonucleotide incorporation in mitochondrial DNA |
Accurate estimation of neuronal receptive fields is essential for understanding sensory processing in the early visual system . Yet a full characterization of receptive fields is still incomplete , especially with regard to natural visual stimuli and in complete populations of cortical neurons . While previous work has... | A key goal in sensory neuroscience is to understand the relationship between sensory stimuli and patterns of activity they elicit in networks of sensory neurons . Many models have been proposed in the past; however , these models have largely ignored the known architecture of primary visual cortex revealed in experimen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
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] | [
"medicine",
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"modeling",
"algorithms",
"optimization",
"mathematics",
"vision",
"calcium",
"signaling",
"neuroimaging",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",... | 2016 | Model Constrained by Visual Hierarchy Improves Prediction of Neural Responses to Natural Scenes |
Conservation over three mammalian genera—the mouse , rat , and human—has been found for a subset of the transcripts whose level differs between the adenoma and normal epithelium of the colon . Pde4b is one of the triply conserved transcripts whose level is enhanced both in the colonic adenoma and in the normal colonic ... | We have used the extensive genetic variation between genera within the mammalian order–mouse versus rat versus human–to discover genes whose broadly conserved transcripts differ in level in early colonic tumors compared to the normal colonic epithelium . Then , we developed a quantitative functional analysis using a ta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
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] | [
"medicine",
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"neoplasms",
"oncology",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"experimental",
... | 2018 | The conserved protective cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase function PDE4B is expressed in the adenoma and adjacent normal colonic epithelium of mammals and silenced in colorectal cancer |
The current outbreak of Zika virus poses a severe threat to human health . While the range of the virus has been cataloged growing slowly over the last 50 years , the recent explosive expansion in the Americas indicates that the full potential distribution of Zika remains uncertain . Moreover , many studies rely on its... | A combination of media attention and the declaration of a World Health Organization state of emergency have made the pandemic expansion of Zika virus a topic of great public concern . Understanding the threat North America faces from the still-expanding viral range requires an understanding of the historical range and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"united",
"states",
"invertebrates",
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
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"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"ecological",
"niches",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations... | 2016 | An Ecological Assessment of the Pandemic Threat of Zika Virus |
Sexual reproduction is a universal mechanism for generating genetic diversity in eukaryotes . Fungi exhibit diverse strategies for sexual reproduction both in nature and in the laboratory . In this study , we report the discovery of same-sex ( homothallic ) mating in the human fungal pathogen Candida tropicalis . We sh... | The fungal pathogen Candida tropicalis not only lives as a commensal in humans but is also widely distributed in diverse environments . Until recently , C . tropicalis was thought to be an asexual diploid organism . In this study , we report the discovery of same-sex mating and reveal an unusual process in which same- ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
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] | [
"medicine",
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"population",
"genetics",
"ploidy",
"microbiology",
"carbohydrates",
"departures",
"from",
"diploidy",
"organic",
"compounds"... | 2018 | A coupled process of same- and opposite-sex mating generates polyploidy and genetic diversity in Candida tropicalis |
Brain computation relies on effective interactions between ensembles of neurons . In neuroimaging , measures of functional connectivity ( FC ) aim at statistically quantifying such interactions , often to study normal or pathological cognition . Their capacity to reflect a meaningful variety of patterns as expected fro... | The human brain is characterized by both the way its neurons are connected ( the anatomy ) and the way they emit signals to interact ( the dynamics ) . At the typical scale of measurements , by analogy with the road network , anatomy ( the ‘roads’ ) is expected to remain relatively stable over time and reproducible fro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
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"Materials",
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] | [
"medicine",
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"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"tractography",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"brain",
"neuroscience",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"brain",... | 2016 | Functional Connectivity’s Degenerate View of Brain Computation |
Amebiasis is a protozoal infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica , while the morphologically indistinguishable E . dispar is considered as non-pathogenic . Polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) assays are necessary to differentiate both species . The most common clinical presentations of E . histolytica disease are amebi... | In the present work , we found that E . histolytica intestinal infections are rarely diagnosed among travelers and migrants presenting in a national reference travel clinic in Europe . Microscopic finding of cysts or trophozoites and antigen testing cannot discriminate between Entamoeba histolytica/dispar infection , w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"trophozoites",
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
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"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
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"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"diarrhea",
"apicomplexa",
"amebiasis... | 2018 | Clinical and microscopic predictors of Entamoeba histolytica intestinal infection in travelers and migrants diagnosed with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar infection |
Most organisms live in ever-changing environments , and have to cope with a range of different conditions . Often , the set of biological traits that are needed to grow , reproduce , and survive varies between conditions . As a consequence , organisms have evolved sensory systems to detect environmental signals , and t... | Most organisms are occasionally exposed to adverse environmental conditions , and can express protective features that help them mitigate the harmful effects of environmental stresses , such as infections , exposure to UV light or chemicals , or sudden habitat changes . Interestingly , a number of recent experiments wi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"theoretical",
"biology",
"ecology",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Evolution of Stress Response in the Face of Unreliable Environmental Signals |
The ability to precisely modify genomes and regulate specific genes will greatly accelerate several medical and engineering applications . The CRISPR/Cas9 ( Type II ) system binds and cuts DNA using guide RNAs , though the variables that control its on-target and off-target activity remain poorly characterized . Here ,... | The CRISPR/Cas9 immunity system has the potential to revolutionize medicine and biotechnology by enabling researchers to cut an organism’s genomic DNA at precise locations . While Cas9 is perhaps the most versatile and easy-to-use technique for gene therapy developed yet , it is not perfect; the enzyme can also cut DNA... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
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] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"gene",
"regulation",
"human",
"genomics",
"dna",
"transcription",
"luminescent",
"proteins",
"yellow",
"fluorescent",
"protein",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"dna",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"thermodynamics",
"research",
"and",... | 2016 | A Biophysical Model of CRISPR/Cas9 Activity for Rational Design of Genome Editing and Gene Regulation |
Prochlorococcus , an extremely small cyanobacterium that is very abundant in the world's oceans , has a very streamlined genome . On average , these cells have about 2 , 000 genes and very few regulatory proteins . The limited capability of regulation is thought to be a result of selection imposed by a relatively stabl... | Prochlorococcus is the most abundant phototroph in the vast , nutrient-poor areas of the ocean . It plays an important role in the ocean carbon cycle , and is a key component of the base of the food web . All cells share a core set of about 1 , 200 genes , augmented with a variable number of “flexible” genes . Many of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2008 | The Challenge of Regulation in a Minimal Photoautotroph: Non-Coding RNAs in Prochlorococcus |
Aedes aegypti is the most important vector of dengue fever in Brazil , where severe epidemics have recently taken place . Ae . aegypti in Brazil was the subject of an intense eradication program in the 1940s and 50s to control yellow fever . Brazil was the largest country declared free of this mosquito by the Pan-Ameri... | The mosquito , Aedes aegypti , was historically very important as the major vector of yellow fever , whereas today it is most notorious for being the major transmitter of dengue fever . In the 1940s and 50s , the Pan-American Health Organization organized a campaign to eradicate Ae . aegypti from the New World . They w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"species",
"colonization",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
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"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"epidemiology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"pop... | 2014 | Genetic Diversity of Brazilian Aedes aegypti: Patterns following an Eradication Program |
Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is a globally significant disease , with 1 . 3 billion persons in 83 countries at risk . A coordinated effort of administering annual macrofilaricidal prophylactics to the entire at-risk population has succeeded in impacting and eliminating LF transmission in multiple regions . However , som... | Additional tools are required to mitigate mosquito borne disease in the South Pacific , including human lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) . Wolbachia are obligate intracellular bacteria that occur in a majority of insect species and that cause a form of conditional sterility in mosquitoes . Prior work demonstrates that male ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2012 | Open Release of Male Mosquitoes Infected with a Wolbachia Biopesticide: Field Performance and Infection Containment |
The cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum produces secondary metabolites toxic to humans and animals , yet coordinated transcriptional regulation of gene clusters remains largely a mystery . By chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput DNA sequencing ( ChIP-seq ) we found that regions with secondary metabolite c... | Changes in chromatin structure are required for time- and tissue-specific gene regulation . How exactly these changes are mediated is under intense scrutiny . The interplay between activating histone modifications , e . g . H3K4me , and the silencing H3K27me3 mark has been recognized as critical to orchestrate differen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"And",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | The Fusarium graminearum Histone H3 K27 Methyltransferase KMT6 Regulates Development and Expression of Secondary Metabolite Gene Clusters |
The presence of animal reservoirs in Schistosoma japonicum infection has been a major obstacle in the control of schistosomiasis . Previous studies have proven that the inclusion of control measures on animal reservoir hosts for schistosomiasis contributed to the decrease of human cases . Animal surveillance should the... | Schistosomiasis remains to be a public health problem in 76 endemic countries in spite of control efforts that have been done . Among the major causative agents of schistosomiasis , only Schistosoma japonicum is known to be zoonotic . However , the role of animal reservoir hosts has not been given much importance which... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2012 | Utilization of ELISA Using Thioredoxin Peroxidase-1 and Tandem Repeat Proteins for Diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum Infection among Water Buffaloes |
Appropriate health and nutrition interventions to prevent long-term adverse effects in children are necessary before two years of age . One such intervention may include population-based deworming , recommended as of 12 months of age by the World Health Organization in soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) -endemic areas; ... | The World Health Organization recommends starting population-based deworming interventions as of 12 months of age where intestinal worm infection is common; however , little is known about the benefits in early preschool-age children . We conducted a clinical trial to determine the effect of deworming on growth in one-... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Effect of Deworming on Growth in One-Year-Old Children Living in a Soil-Transmitted Helminth-Endemic Area of Peru: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
Co-expression networks are routinely used to study human diseases like obesity and diabetes . Systematic comparison of these networks between species has the potential to elucidate common mechanisms that are conserved between human and rodent species , as well as those that are species-specific characterizing evolution... | Two important aspects of drug development are drug target identification and biomarker discovery for early disease detection , disease progression , drug efficacy and drug toxicity , etc . Recently , many single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) associated with human diseases are discovered through large genome-wide as... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics"
] | 2009 | Meta-analysis of Inter-species Liver Co-expression Networks Elucidates Traits Associated with Common Human Diseases |
Bartonella bacilliformis is a pathogenic bacterium transmitted to humans presumably by bites of phlebotomine sand flies , infection with which results in a bi-phasic syndrome termed Carrión’s disease . After constructing a low-passage GFP-labeled strain of B . bacilliformis , we artificially infected Lutzomyia verrucar... | In general , Bartonella infections are zoonooses and are transmitted to humans by hematophagous ( blood eating ) arthropods such as fleas , lice , ticks , mites and sand flies . Bartonella bacilliformis is found only in Andean regions of South America and is transmitted to humans by a few select species of sand flies ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Colonization of Lutzomyia verrucarum and Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) by Bartonella bacilliformis, the Etiologic Agent of Carrión’s Disease |
Viroporins like influenza A virus M2 , hepatitis C virus p7 , HIV-1 Vpu and picornavirus 2B associate with host membranes , and create hydrophilic corridors , which are critical for viral entry , replication and egress . The 6K proteins from alphaviruses are conjectured to be viroporins , essential during egress of pro... | Chikungunya fever is a severe crippling illness caused by the arthropod-borne virus CHIKV . Originally from the African subcontinent , the virus has now spread worldwide and is responsible for substantial morbidity and economic loss . The existing treatment against CHIKV is primarily symptomatic , and it is imperative ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
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"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"endoplasmic",
"reticulum",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"cell",
"processes",
"electrophysiology",
"membrane... | 2019 | The effect of amantadine on an ion channel protein from Chikungunya virus |
Cancellation of redundant information is a highly desirable feature of sensory systems , since it would potentially lead to a more efficient detection of novel information . However , biologically plausible mechanisms responsible for such selective cancellation , and especially those robust to realistic variations in t... | The ability to cancel redundant information is an important feature of many sensory systems . Cancellation mechanisms in neural systems , however , are not well understood , especially when considering realistic conditions such as signals with different intensities . In this work , we study , employing experimental rec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Learning Contrast-Invariant Cancellation of Redundant Signals in Neural Systems |
Holoprosencephaly ( HPE ) is a failure of the forebrain to bifurcate and is the most common structural malformation of the embryonic brain . Mutations in SHH underlie most familial ( 17% ) cases of HPE; and , consistent with this , Shh is expressed in midline embryonic cells and tissues and their derivatives that are a... | Craniofacial anomalies account for approximately one third of all birth defects , and holoprosencephaly ( HPE ) is the most common structural malformation of the embryonic brain . HPE is a failure of the forebrain to bifurcate and is a heterogeneous disorder that is often found in patients together with other craniofac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
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] | [
"developmental",
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"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",... | 2012 | Mutations in Hedgehog Acyltransferase (Hhat) Perturb Hedgehog Signaling, Resulting in Severe Acrania-Holoprosencephaly-Agnathia Craniofacial Defects |
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) elicits long-term T-cell immunity of unparalleled strength , which has allowed the development of highly protective CMV-based vaccine vectors . Counterintuitively , experimental vaccines encoding a single MHC-I restricted epitope offered better immune protection than those expressing entire prot... | Experimental cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) based vaccine vectors have provided highly encouraging results as innovative vaccine formulations against deadly virus infections , such as Ebola or AIDS . Nevertheless , it has remained incompletely understood why CMV is so efficient at stimulating T-lymphocytes , the immune cells ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cloning",
"viruses",
"dna",
"viruses",
"cytotoxic",
"t",
"cells",
"molecular",
"biology",
"technique... | 2016 | Peptide Processing Is Critical for T-Cell Memory Inflation and May Be Optimized to Improve Immune Protection by CMV-Based Vaccine Vectors |
Myotubularin MTM1 is a phosphoinositide ( PPIn ) 3-phosphatase mutated in X-linked centronuclear myopathy ( XLCNM; myotubular myopathy ) . We investigated the involvement of MTM1 enzymatic activity on XLCNM phenotypes . Exogenous expression of human MTM1 in yeast resulted in vacuolar enlargement , as a consequence of i... | X-linked centronuclear myopathy is a muscle disorder characterized by neonatal hypotonia and abnormal organelle positioning in skeletal muscle . This myopathy is due to different mutations in the MTM1 gene encoding the phosphoinositide phosphatase myotubularin . Disease-causing mutations are found all along the protein... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"biology",
"mouse",
"x-linked",
"congenital",
"hereditary",
"myopathies",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"models",
"saccharomyces",
"cerevisiae",
"human",
... | 2012 | Phosphatase-Dead Myotubularin Ameliorates X-Linked Centronuclear Myopathy Phenotypes in Mice |
Although vaccines pose the best means of preventing influenza infection , strain selection and optimal implementation remain difficult due to antigenic drift and a lack of understanding global spread . Detecting viral movement by sequence analysis is complicated by skewed geographic and seasonal distributions in viral ... | As evidenced by several historic vaccine failures , the design and implementation of the influenza vaccine remains an imperfect science . The virus's rapid rate of evolution makes the selection of representative strains for vaccine composition a difficult process . From a global health viewpoint , how to optimally impl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2010 | Network Analysis of Global Influenza Spread |
Genetically-controlled plant resistance can reduce the damage caused by pathogens . However , pathogens have the ability to evolve and overcome such resistance . This often occurs quickly after resistance is deployed , resulting in significant crop losses and a continuing need to develop new resistant cultivars . To ta... | There are many recent examples which demonstrate the evolutionary potential of plant pathogens to overcome the resistances deployed in agricultural landscapes to protect our crops . Increasingly , it is recognised that how resistance is deployed spatially and temporally can impact on rates of pathogen evolution and res... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"pathogens",
"plant",
"science",
"fungal",
"evolution",
"crops",
"plant",
"pathology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"mycology",
"crop",
"science"... | 2018 | Assessing the durability and efficiency of landscape-based strategies to deploy plant resistance to pathogens |
Recently , a number of advanced screening technologies have allowed for the comprehensive quantification of aggravating and alleviating genetic interactions among gene pairs . In parallel , TAP-MS studies ( tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectroscopy ) have been successful at identifying physical protein... | Biologists are currently producing large amounts of data focused on physical and genetic protein interactions . Physical interactions dictate the architecture of the cell in terms of how direct associations between molecules constitute protein complexes , while genetic interactions define functional relationships throu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Functional Maps of Protein Complexes from Quantitative Genetic Interaction Data |
Transmission of the malaria parasite to its vertebrate host involves an obligatory exoerythrocytic stage in which extensive asexual replication of the parasite takes place in infected hepatocytes . The resulting liver schizont undergoes segmentation to produce thousands of daughter merozoites . These are released to in... | Malaria is caused by a single-celled parasite and is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito . The inoculated sporozoite forms of the parasite invade liver cells where they replicate , eventually releasing thousands of merozoites into the bloodstream to initiate the blood stage parasite life cycle which causes ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | The Malarial Serine Protease SUB1 Plays an Essential Role in Parasite Liver Stage Development |
Chromatin undergoes major remodeling around DNA double-strand breaks ( DSB ) to promote repair and DNA damage response ( DDR ) activation . We recently reported a high-resolution map of γH2AX around multiple breaks on the human genome , using a new cell-based DSB inducible system . In an attempt to further characterize... | Genomic stability requires that deleterious events such as DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) are precisely repaired . The natural compaction of DNA into chromatin hinders DNA accessibility and break detection . Therefore , cells respond to DSBs by triggering multiple chromatin modifications that promote accessibility a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"dna",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Cohesin Protects Genes against γH2AX Induced by DNA Double-Strand Breaks |
The C-terminus domain of non-structural 3 ( NS3 ) protein of the Flaviviridae viruses ( e . g . HCV , dengue , West Nile , Zika ) is a nucleotide triphosphatase ( NTPase ) -dependent superfamily 2 ( SF2 ) helicase that unwinds double-stranded RNA while translocating along the nucleic polymer . Due to these functions , ... | Non-structural protein 3 ( NS3 ) is a Flaviviridae ( e . g . Hepatitis C , dengue , and Zika viruses ) helicase that unwinds double stranded RNA while translocating along the nucleic polymer during viral genome replication . As a member of superfamily 2 ( SF2 ) helicases , NS3 utilizes the free energy of nucleotide tri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"and",
"models",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"allosteric",
"regulation",
"crystal",
"structure",
"protein",
"interactions",
"enzymes",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"enzymology",
"crystallography",
"thermodynamics",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"rna",
"structure",
"solid",
"state",
"physics",
"proteins",
"enzyme",
"re... | 2018 | Allostery in the dengue virus NS3 helicase: Insights into the NTPase cycle from molecular simulations |
Anticancer topoisomerase “poisons” exploit the break-and-rejoining mechanism of topoisomerase II ( TOP2 ) to generate TOP2-linked DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) . This characteristic underlies the clinical efficacy of TOP2 poisons , but is also implicated in chromosomal translocations and genome instability associat... | DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) are dangerous because they can lead to cellular death and tissue degeneration if not repaired , or to genome rearrangements , which are a common hallmark of cancer , if repaired incorrectly . Although required for all chromosomal transitions in cells , transient DNA cleavage by topoiso... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"dna",
"metabolism",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"dna",
"biology",
"dna",
"recombination",
"dna",
"repair",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2013 | TDP2–Dependent Non-Homologous End-Joining Protects against Topoisomerase II–Induced DNA Breaks and Genome Instability in Cells and In Vivo |
New contained semi-field cages are being developed and used to test novel vector control strategies of dengue and malaria vectors . We herein describe a new Quarantine Insectary Level-2 ( QIC-2 ) laboratory and field cages ( James Cook University Mosquito Research Facility Semi-Field System; MRF SFS ) that are being us... | Novel vector control strategies require validation in the field before they can be widely accepted . Semi-field system ( SFS ) containment facilities are an intermediate step between laboratory and field trials that offer a safe , controlled environment that replicates field conditions . We developed a SFS laboratory a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | A Secure Semi-Field System for the Study of Aedes aegypti |
Seed development in angiosperms is dependent on the interplay among different transcriptional programs operating in the embryo , the endosperm , and the maternally-derived seed coat . In angiosperms , the embryo and the endosperm are products of double fertilization during which the two pollen sperm cells fuse with the... | Seeds of flowering plants consist of three different organisms that develop in parallel . In contrast to animals , a double fertilization event takes place in plants , producing two fertilization products , the embryo and the endosperm . Imprinting , the parent-of-origin–specific expression of genes , typically takes p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/plant",
"genetics",
"and"... | 2011 | Genome-Wide Transcript Profiling of Endosperm without Paternal Contribution Identifies Parent-of-Origin–Dependent Regulation of AGAMOUS-LIKE36 |
The catalytic activity of GDP/GTP exchange factors ( GEFs ) is considered critical to maintain the typically high activity of Rho GTPases found in cancer cells . However , the large number of them has made it difficult to pinpoint those playing proactive , nonredundant roles in tumors . In this work , we have investiga... | GDP/GTP exchange factors ( GEFs ) involved in Rho GTPase activation have been traditionally considered as potential anticancer drug targets . However , little is known about the best GEFs to inhibit in different tumor types , the pro-tumorigenic programs that they regulate , and the collateral effects that inactivation... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"medicine",
"signal",
"transduction",
"biology",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2013 | The Rho Exchange Factors Vav2 and Vav3 Favor Skin Tumor Initiation and Promotion by Engaging Extracellular Signaling Loops |
Blood is a remarkable habitat: it is highly viscous , contains a dense packaging of cells and perpetually flows at velocities varying over three orders of magnitude . Only few pathogens endure the harsh physical conditions within the vertebrate bloodstream and prosper despite being constantly attacked by host antibodie... | African trypanosomes swim incessantly in the bloodstream of their mammalian host . We have asked the question how these parasites actually manage to swim and manoeuver in an environment that is so amazingly crowded by blood cells and that reveals rapidly varying fluid flow speeds that are 50–20 . 000 times faster than ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"flagellar",
"motility",
"biomechanics",
"parasitology",
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"cell",
"mechanics",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"zoology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
... | 2012 | Trypanosome Motion Represents an Adaptation to the Crowded Environment of the Vertebrate Bloodstream |
Infections with cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) can cause severe disease in immunosuppressed patients and infected newborns . Innate as well as cellular and humoral adaptive immune effector functions contribute to the control of CMV in immunocompetent individuals . None of the innate or adaptive immune functions are essential ... | Cytomegalovirus is a clinically important pathogen . While infection in hosts with a functional immune system is usually asymptomatic , the virus can cause significant morbidity and mortality in individuals with an immature or suppressed immune system . The virus causes severe clinical complication in transplant recipi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Control of Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection by γδ T Cells |
The transcription factor Oct1/Pou2f1 promotes poised gene expression states , mitotic stability , glycolytic metabolism and other characteristics of stem cell potency . To determine the effect of Oct1 loss on stem cell maintenance and malignancy , we deleted Oct1 in two different mouse gut stem cell compartments . Oct1... | Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States . Approximately 35% of diagnosed patients eventually succumb to disease . The high incidence and mortality due to colon cancer demand a better understanding of factors controlling the physiology and pathophysiology of the gastrointestina... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"small",
"intestine",
"organoids",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"biological",
"cultures",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"oncology",
"organ",
"cultures",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"digestive",
"system",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"gene",
... | 2019 | Oct1/Pou2f1 is selectively required for colon regeneration and regulates colon malignancy |
The study objective is to estimate the epidemiological and economic impact of vaccine interventions during influenza pandemics in Chicago , and assist in vaccine intervention priorities . Scenarios of delay in vaccine introduction with limited vaccine efficacy and limited supplies are not unlikely in future influenza p... | The study objective is to estimate the epidemiological and economic impact of vaccine interventions during an influenza pandemic in Chicago , to assist in vaccine intervention priorities . Population dynamics play an important role in influenza pandemic planning and response . To optimally allocate limited vaccine reso... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"economic",
"analysis",
"influenza",
"immunology",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"age",
"groups",
"network",
"analysis",
"social",
"n... | 2017 | Epidemiological and economic impact of pandemic influenza in Chicago: Priorities for vaccine interventions |
Caspases regulate cell death programs in response to environmental stresses , including infection and inflammation , and are therefore critical for the proper operation of the mammalian immune system . Caspase-8 is necessary for optimal production of inflammatory cytokines and host defense against infection by multiple... | TLR signaling induces expression of key inflammatory cytokines and pro-survival factors that facilitate control of microbial infection . TLR signaling can also engage cell death pathways through activation of enzymes known as caspases . Caspase-8 activates apoptosis in response to infection by pathogens that interfere ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"death",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"cell",
"... | 2016 | Activity of Uncleaved Caspase-8 Controls Anti-bacterial Immune Defense and TLR-Induced Cytokine Production Independent of Cell Death |
Little is known about extrinsic signals required for the advancement of motor neuron ( MN ) axons , which extend over long distances in the periphery to form precise connections with target muscles . Here we present that Rnf165 ( Arkadia-like; Arkadia2; Ark2C ) is expressed specifically in the nervous system and that i... | Motor neurons control movement via long axons that extend from the spinal cord to muscles as far as in distant limbs . Little is known about factors that regulate this extensive axonal growth in the periphery . Here we report that the ubiquitin ligase Ark2C ( Arkadia2 ) is expressed in neurons and can serve to amplify ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"motor",
"systems",
"embryology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"axon",
"guidance",
"genetics",
"biology",
"morphogenesis",
"neuroscience",
"neural",
"circuit",
"formation",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2013 | Rnf165/Ark2C Enhances BMP-Smad Signaling to Mediate Motor Axon Extension |
In the European Union ( EU ) , animal welfare is seen as a matter of great importance . However , with respect to animal experimentation , European citizens feel quite uninformed . The European Directive 2010/63/EU for the protection of laboratory animals aims for greater transparency and requires that a comprehensible... | The AnimalTestInfo database was developed in Germany to make the nontechnical summaries ( NTSs ) of animal research studies available in a searchable and easily accessible web-based format . This database helps address requirements stipulated in a European Directive regarding the transparency and publication of animal ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"health",
"services",
"research",
"nervous",
"system",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"vertebrates",
"database",
"searching",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"mammals",
"health",
"care",
"oncology",
"prim... | 2017 | Rethinking 3R strategies: Digging deeper into AnimalTestInfo promotes transparency in in vivo biomedical research |
Genome-wide yeast two-hybrid ( Y2H ) screens were conducted to elucidate the molecular functions of open reading frames ( ORFs ) encoded by murine γ-herpesvirus 68 ( MHV-68 ) . A library of 84 MHV-68 genes and gene fragments was generated in a Gateway entry plasmid and transferred to Y2H vectors . All possible pair-wis... | Persistent infections by the herpesviruses Epstein Barr virus ( EBV ) and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus ( KSHV ) are associated with tumor formation . To better understand how these and other related viruses interact with their host cells to promote virus replication and cause disease , we studied murine gamma-herpesvir... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"protein",
"interactions",
"signaling",
"networks",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"regulatory",
"networks",
"biology",
"proteomics",
"viral",
"replication",
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"proteomic",
"databases",
"virology",
"computational",
"biology... | 2011 | An Integrated Approach to Elucidate the Intra-Viral and Viral-Cellular Protein Interaction Networks of a Gamma-Herpesvirus |
The early systemic production of interferon ( IFN ) -αβ is an essential component of the antiviral host defense mechanisms , but is also thought to contribute to the toxic side effects accompanying gene therapy with adenoviral vectors . Here we investigated the IFN-αβ response to human adenoviruses ( Ads ) in mice . By... | Adenoviruses ( Ads ) are important pathogens and promising vectors for gene therapy applications . In the course of adenoviral infections innate immune responses are activated , which can be beneficial for the antiviral host defense but also detrimental if activated in a deregulated manner . Type I IFNs are crucial for... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"virology/immune",
"evasion",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2008 | Key Role of Splenic Myeloid DCs in the IFN-αβ Response to Adenoviruses In Vivo |
Over the last fifteen years there have been five pandemics of norovirus ( NoV ) associated gastroenteritis , and the period of stasis between each pandemic has been progressively shortening . NoV is classified into five genogroups , which can be further classified into 25 or more different human NoV genotypes; however ... | Since 1995 , norovirus has caused five pandemics of acute gastroenteritis . These pandemics spread across the globe within a few months , causing great economic burden on society due to medical and social expenses . Norovirus , like influenza virus , has over 40 genotypes circulating within the population at the same t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics",
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Rapid Evolution of Pandemic Noroviruses of the GII.4 Lineage |
As of February 25 , 2019 , 875 cases of Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) were reported in North Kivu and Ituri Provinces , Democratic Republic of Congo . Since the beginning of October 2018 , the outbreak has largely shifted into regions in which active armed conflict has occurred , and in which EVD cases and their contacts... | As of February 25 , 2019 , 875 cases of Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) were reported in North Kivu and Ituri Provinces , Democratic Republic of Congo . Since the beginning of October 2018 , the outbreak has largely shifted into regions in which active armed conflict has been reported , and in which EVD cases and their con... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"statistics",
"binomials",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"ebola",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"algebra",
"neglected",
"tropica... | 2019 | Projections of epidemic transmission and estimation of vaccination impact during an ongoing Ebola virus disease outbreak in Northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, as of Feb. 25, 2019 |
A substantial proportion of the global burden of typhoid fever occurs in South Asia . Kathmandu , Nepal experienced a substantial increase in the number of typhoid fever cases ( caused by Salmonella Typhi ) between 2000 and 2003 , which subsequently declined but to a higher endemic level than in 2000 . This epidemic of... | Typhoid fever is endemic in Nepal , with Kathmandu coined “the typhoid capital of the world” . We developed a mathematical model to assess the importance of migration and antimicrobial resistance on the transmission of typhoid fever in Kathmandu , Nepal from April 1997 to June 2011 . During this period , the burden of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"demography",
"pathogens",
"age",
"distribution",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"salmonella",
"typhi",
"salmonellosis",
"bacterial"... | 2017 | The impact of migration and antimicrobial resistance on the transmission dynamics of typhoid fever in Kathmandu, Nepal: A mathematical modelling study |
Traditional approaches to cognitive modelling generally portray cognitive events in terms of ‘discrete’ states ( point attractor dynamics ) rather than in terms of processes , thereby neglecting the time structure of cognition . In contrast , more recent approaches explicitly address this temporal dimension , but typic... | In most established approaches to cognitive modelling , cognitive events are treated as ‘discrete’ states , thus passing by the continuous nature of cognitive processes . In contrast , some novel approaches explicitly acknowledge cognition’s temporal structure but provides no entry points into cognitive categorization ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"cognition",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"decision",
"making",
"neural",
"networks",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2011 | Time Scale Hierarchies in the Functional Organization of Complex Behaviors |
Each year millions of travelers visit Southeast Asia where rabies is still prevalent . This study aimed to assess the risk of rabies exposure , i . e . , by being bitten or licked by an animal , among travelers in Southeast Asia . The secondary objective was to assess their attitudes and practices related to rabies . F... | Rabies is a fatal disease most commonly transmitted through a bite or a lick of a rabid animal on the broken skin . Most deaths from rabies are reported in Asia and Africa where animal rabies is poorly controlled . Not only local people , but travelers in these areas are inevitably at risk also . In this study we surve... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunizations",
"medicine",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"rabies",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"global",
"health",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"neglecte... | 2012 | Risk of Potentially Rabid Animal Exposure among Foreign Travelers in Southeast Asia |
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen causing gastroenteritis in humans and a systemic typhoid-like illness in mice . The capacity of Salmonella to cause diseases relies on the establishment of its intracellular replication niche , a membrane-bound compartment named the Salmonell... | Salmonella typhimurium is a bacterial pathogen that causes diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever . This bacterium survives inside eukaryotic cells within a membrane-bound compartment , namely the Salmonella-containing vacuole . Salmonella injects proteins , named effectors , into the infected cell . Th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections"
] | 2010 | The Virulence Protein SopD2 Regulates Membrane Dynamics of Salmonella-Containing Vacuoles |
Cockayne syndrome ( CS ) is a devastating progeria most often caused by mutations in the CSB gene encoding a SWI/SNF family chromatin remodeling protein . Although all CSB mutations that cause CS are recessive , the complete absence of CSB protein does not cause CS . In addition , most CSB mutations are located beyond ... | For reasons that are still unclear , genetic defects in DNA repair can cause diseases that resemble aspects of premature ageing ( “segmental progerias” ) . Cockayne syndrome ( CS ) is a particularly devastating progeria most commonly caused by mutations in the CSB chromatin remodeling gene . About 43 million years ago ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"molecular",
"biology/molecular",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"biology/rna",
"splicing",
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"functi... | 2008 | An Abundant Evolutionarily Conserved CSB-PiggyBac Fusion Protein Expressed in Cockayne Syndrome |
Rapid arterial O2 desaturation during apnea in the preterm infant has obvious clinical implications but to date no adequate explanation for why it exists . Understanding the factors influencing the rate of arterial O2 desaturation during apnea ( ) is complicated by the non-linear O2 dissociation curve , falling pulmona... | When breathing stops , the flow of O2 into and the flow of CO2 out of the body cease . Such an event , termed an apnea , can be especially dangerous in preterm infants in whom it can lead to a rapid decline in arterial O2 saturation , reaching rates of 3–8% per second , rapidly reducing O2 to a level that could lead to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"respiratory",
"medicine/sleep",
"and",
"ventilation",
"disorders",
"physiology/respiratory",
"physiology",
"physiology/cardiovascular",
"physiology",
"and",
"circulation",
"mathematics",
"physiology/integrative",
"physiology",
"respiratory",
"medicine/respiratory",
"pediatrics",
"... | 2009 | A Model Analysis of Arterial Oxygen Desaturation during Apnea in Preterm Infants |
Real-world tasks typically consist of a series of target-directed actions and often require choices about which targets to act on and in what order . Such choice behavior can be assessed from an optimal foraging perspective whereby target selection is shaped by a balance between rewards and costs . Here we evaluated su... | Many natural tasks involve a series of decisions about which target to acquire next , either with our gaze or hand . We examined the factors influencing such decisions using a task in which targets of varying value and size are sequentially acquired by eye or hand movements . By developing a probabilistic model of deci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"decision",
"making",
"social",
"sciences",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"animal",
"behavior",
"cognition",
"computer",
"vision",
"eyes",
"zoology",
"sensory",
"physiology",
"foraging",
"muscul... | 2017 | Rapid target foraging with reach or gaze: The hand looks further ahead than the eye |
Cell surface protein and lipid molecules are organized in various patterns: randomly , along gradients , or clustered when segregated into discrete micro- and nano-domains . Their distribution is tightly coupled to events such as polarization , endocytosis , and intracellular signaling , but challenging to quantify usi... | Plasma membrane organization is fundamental to cellular signaling , transport of molecules , and cell adhesion . To achieve this , plasma membrane proteins and lipids are spatially organized: they form clusters , aggregate in signaling platforms , distribute into gradients on polarized cells , or randomly distribute ac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infographics",
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"light",
"microscopy",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"microscopy",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"lipids",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"imaging",
"techniques"... | 2016 | Inhomogeneity Based Characterization of Distribution Patterns on the Plasma Membrane |
Zika virus ( ZIKV ) has extended its known geographic distribution to the New World and is now responsible for severe clinical complications in a subset of patients . While substantial genetic and vector susceptibility data exist for ZIKV , less is known for the closest related flavivirus , Spondweni virus ( SPONV ) . ... | Spondweni virus ( SPONV ) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus reported in Africa . Human infection with SPONV may result in a febrile illness similar to symptomatic Zika virus ( ZIKV ) infection , as well as many other tropical infections . Previously , little was known about the genetic relationships between SPONV an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"viral",
"vecto... | 2016 | Genetic Characterization of Spondweni and Zika Viruses and Susceptibility of Geographically Distinct Strains of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Spondweni Virus |
Motivated by viral persistence in HIV+ patients on long-term anti-retroviral treatment ( ART ) , we present a stochastic model of HIV viral dynamics in the blood stream . We consider the hypothesis that the residual viremia in patients on ART can be explained principally by the activation of cells latently infected by ... | While on successful drug treatment , routine testing does not usually detect virus in the blood of an HIV patient . However , more sensitive techniques can detect extremely low levels of virus . Occasionally , routine blood tests show “viral blips”: short periods of elevated , detectable viral load . We explore the hyp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"population",
"dynamics",
"mathematics",
"population",
"modeling",
"population",
"biology",
"stochastic",
"processes",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"hiv",
"biology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling",
"probability",
"theory",
"hiv",
"d... | 2011 | A Stochastic Model of Latently Infected Cell Reactivation and Viral Blip Generation in Treated HIV Patients |
Diseases of humans and wildlife are typically tracked and studied through incidence , the number of new infections per time unit . Estimating incidence is not without difficulties , as asymptomatic infections , low sampling intervals and low sample sizes can introduce large estimation errors . After infection , biomark... | Human and wildlife diseases can be tracked by looking at incidence , which is the number of new infections per time unit ( typically day , week or month ) . While theoretically this would only be a matter of counting the number of newly infected individuals , in reality these data are difficult to acquire due to limite... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"cytomegalovirus",
"infection",
"biomarkers",
"animals",
"physiological",
"processes",
"antibodie... | 2016 | Estimating Time of Infection Using Prior Serological and Individual Information Can Greatly Improve Incidence Estimation of Human and Wildlife Infections |
Bacteria encode a single-stranded DNA ( ssDNA ) binding protein ( SSB ) crucial for genome maintenance . In Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae , an alternative SSB , SsbB , is expressed uniquely during competence for genetic transformation , but its precise role has been disappointingly obscure . Here , we ... | Natural genetic transformation can compensate for the absence of sexual reproduction in bacteria , allowing genetic diversification by frequent recombination . In many species , transformability is a transient property relying on a specialized membrane-associated machinery for binding exogenous double-stranded DNA and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Role of the Single-Stranded DNA–Binding Protein SsbB in Pneumococcal Transformation: Maintenance of a Reservoir for Genetic Plasticity |
Appropriate displays of aggression rely on the ability to recognize potential competitors . As in most species , Drosophila males fight with other males and do not attack females . In insects , sex recognition is strongly dependent on chemosensory communication , mediated by cuticular hydrocarbons acting as pheromones ... | As in other species , the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster uses chemical signals in the form of pheromones to recognize the species and sex of another individual . Males typically fight with other males and do not attack females . While the roles of pheromonal and other sensory cues in stimulating courtship towards fe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems"
] | 2010 | Pheromonal and Behavioral Cues Trigger Male-to-Female Aggression in Drosophila |
How social traits such as altruism and spite evolve remains an open question in evolutionary biology . One factor thought to be potentially important is demographic stochasticity . Here we provide a general theoretical analysis of the role of demographic stochasticity in social evolution . We show that the evolutionary... | Explaining the evolution of social traits such as altruism and spite remains a key outstanding problem in evolutionary biology . Here we develop a simple theory for the effect of demographic stochasticity ( random variation in an individual’s birth and death rates ) on the evolution of social traits . Our results provi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"evolutionary",
"adaptation",
"population",
"biology",
"altruistic",
"behavior",
"stochastic",
"processes",
"social",
"cognition",
"prosocial",
"behavior",
"behavior",
"social"... | 2019 | Social evolution under demographic stochasticity |
Elucidating the relationships between antimicrobial resistance and virulence is key to understanding the evolution and population dynamics of resistant pathogens . Here , we show that the susceptibility of the gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes to the antibiotic fosfomycin is a complex trait involving inter... | Epistasis , or interactions between genes , is the phenomenon where the phenotypic effect of a locus is altered or masked by other loci in a given genomic context . Working with Listeria bacteria , we show that the effect of an intrinsic resistance determinant that protects these organisms against fosfomycin , a natura... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
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"medicine",
"intracellular",
"pathogens",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"antibiotics",
"phar... | 2018 | Epistatic control of intrinsic resistance by virulence genes in Listeria |
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of human arboviral diseases caused by dengue , chikungunya and Zika viruses . Many studies have shown the potential roles of small RNA molecules such as microRNA , small interfering RNA and PIWI-interacting RNA in vector mosquitoes . The function of tRNA fragments ( tRF ... | The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a major vector of arboviral diseases in subtropics and tropics . The confounding effects of immature development and adult microbiome on the ability of Ae . aegypti to transmit diseases ( vector competence ) have gained renewed attention in the recent years . However , the molecular nature... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"transfer",
"rna",
"dengue",
"virus",
"invertebrates",
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"viruses",
"dev... | 2018 | Multifaceted functional implications of an endogenously expressed tRNA fragment in the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti |
TcTASV-C is a protein family of about 15 members that is expressed only in the trypomastigote stage of Trypanosoma cruzi . We have previously shown that TcTASV-C is located at the parasite surface and secreted to the medium . Here we report that the expression of different TcTASV-C genes occurs simultaneously at the tr... | Trypanosoma cruzi is the kinetoplastid parasite that causes Chagas’ disease , a neglected infection endemic in Latin America and emerging worldwide . Being vaccines currently unavailable and treatments not completely effective , identification and characterization of parasite molecules that can be target for these inte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"physiological",
"processes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"trypomastigotes",
"protozoans",
"sequence",
"moti... | 2018 | The protein family TcTASV-C is a novel Trypanosoma cruzi virulence factor secreted in extracellular vesicles by trypomastigotes and highly expressed in bloodstream forms |
Myristoylation is a lipid modification involving the addition of a 14-carbon unsaturated fatty acid , myristic acid , to the N-terminal glycine of a subset of proteins , a modification that promotes their binding to cell membranes for varied biological functions . The process is catalyzed by myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myr... | Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are neglected tropical diseases caused by filarial nematodes . The limitations of existing drugs to treat these infections highlight the need for new drugs . In the present study , we investigated myristoylation , a lipid modification of a subset of proteins that promotes their b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"helminth",
"infections",
"medicine",
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"sciences",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"nematode",
"infections"
] | 2014 | A Target Repurposing Approach Identifies N-myristoyltransferase as a New Candidate Drug Target in Filarial Nematodes |
Intracellular triacylglycerol ( TAG ) is a ubiquitous energy storage lipid also involved in lipid homeostasis and signaling . Comparatively , little is known about TAG’s role in other cellular functions . Here we show a pro-longevity function of TAG in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In yeast strains deriv... | Triacylglycerol ( TAG ) is a ubiquitous lipid species well-known for its roles in storing surplus energy , providing insulation , and maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis . Here we present evidence for a novel pro-longevity function of TAG in the budding yeast , a model organism for aging research . Yeast cells that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
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"chemical",
"compounds",
"enzymes",
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"carbohydrates",
"organic",
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"glucose",
"physiological",
"processes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"energy-produci... | 2016 | An Energy-Independent Pro-longevity Function of Triacylglycerol in Yeast |
The eyes absent ( eya ) gene of the fruit fly , Drosophila melanogaster , is a member of an evolutionarily conserved gene regulatory network that controls eye formation in all seeing animals . The loss of eya leads to the complete elimination of the compound eye while forced expression of eya in non-retinal tissues is ... | Activation of a gene requires interactions between enhancer and promoter elements . It has been known for some time that transcription of a gene expressed in a complex pattern or in multiple tissues is regulated by an array of enhancers . Recent studies have also demonstrated that multiple enhancers can regulate a sing... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"invertebrates",
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"gene",
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"cell",
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"light",
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"cloning",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"micros... | 2016 | Retinal Expression of the Drosophila eyes absent Gene Is Controlled by Several Cooperatively Acting Cis-regulatory Elements |
Checkpoint signaling requires two conserved phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases ( PIKKs ) : ATM and ATR . In budding yeast , Tel1 and Mec1 correspond to ATM and ATR , respectively . The Tel2-Tti1-Tti2 ( TTT ) complex connects to the Rvb1-Rvb2-Tah1-Pih1 ( R2TP ) complex for the protein stability of PIK... | We investigated the mechanisms underlying the stability of ATM/ATR-related protein kinase Mec1 and Tel1 , which control the DNA damage response in budding yeast . To this end , we applied genetic approaches in combination with a new version of the auxin-inducible degradation ( AID ) system . Our data are consistent wit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
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"carbohydrates",
"galactose",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"dna",
"damage",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"immunoprecipitation",
"experimental",
"or... | 2017 | Two separate pathways regulate protein stability of ATM/ATR-related protein kinases Mec1 and Tel1 in budding yeast |
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) is an important event during development and cancer metastasis . There is limited understanding of the metabolic alterations that give rise to and take place during EMT . Dysregulation of signalling pathways that impact metabolism , including epidermal growth factor receptor... | The epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) signaling cascade is one of the key signaling pathways that are involved in the induction of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ( EMT ) and tumor metastasis . These signaling cascades often affect metabolic fate in tumor cells and control their progression . Here we demonstr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
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] | [
"cell",
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"signaling",
"cell",
"metabolism",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"cell",
"signaling",
"network",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analysis",
... | 2016 | EGFR Signal-Network Reconstruction Demonstrates Metabolic Crosstalk in EMT |
Parasitic nematodes of humans and livestock cause extensive disease and economic loss worldwide . Many parasitic nematodes infect hosts as third-stage larvae , called iL3s . iL3s vary in their infection route: some infect by skin penetration , others by passive ingestion . Skin-penetrating iL3s actively search for host... | Many parasitic nematodes infect by passive ingestion when the host consumes food , water , or feces containing infective third-stage larvae ( iL3s ) . Passively ingested nematodes that infect humans cause severe gastrointestinal distress and death in endemic regions , and those that infect livestock are a major cause o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
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] | [
"invertebrates",
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"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"nematode",
"infections",
"chemotaxis",
"assay",
"animal",
"behavior",
"odorants... | 2017 | Experience-dependent olfactory behaviors of the parasitic nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus |
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever ( CCHF ) are common representatives of viral hemorrhagic fevers still often neglected in some parts of the world . Infection with Dobrava or Puumala virus ( HFRS ) and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ( CCHFV ) can result in a mild ... | Dobrava virus ( DOBV ) , Puumala virus ( PUUV ) and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus ( CCHFV ) are important causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fevers . Clinical severity of Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever ( CCHF ) varies greatly from a mild , nonspecific febri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
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"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
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"crimean-congo",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"puumala",
"virus",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"biomarkers",
"viruses",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"with",
"renal",
"sy... | 2016 | HMGB1 Is a Potential Biomarker for Severe Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers |
Critical dynamics are assumed to be an attractive mode for normal brain functioning as information processing and computational capabilities are found to be optimal in the critical state . Recent experimental observations of neuronal activity patterns following power-law distributions , a hallmark of systems at a criti... | Over the recent years it has become apparent that the concept of phase transitions is not only applicable to the systems classically considered in physics . It applies to a much wider class of complex systems exhibiting phases , characterized by qualitatively different types of long-term behavior . In the critical stat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"medicine",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"neurology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"neuroscience"
] | 2012 | Failure of Adaptive Self-Organized Criticality during Epileptic Seizure Attacks |
A coarse-grain computational method integrates biophysical and structural data to generate models of HIV-1 genomic RNA , nucleocapsid and integrase condensed into a mature ribonucleoprotein complex . Several hypotheses for the initial structure of the genomic RNA and oligomeric state of integrase are tested . In these ... | The genome of HIV-1 is composed of two strands of RNA that are packaged in the mature virion as a condensed ribonucleoprotein complex with nucleocapsid , integrase , and other proteins . We have generated models of the HIV-1 ribonucleoprotein that integrate experimental results from multiple structural and biophysical ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
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"pathology",
"and",
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"medicine",
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"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"microbiology",
"nucleocapsids",
"viral",
"structure",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"rna",
"v... | 2019 | Integrative modeling of the HIV-1 ribonucleoprotein complex |
Multiple studies show that tumor suppressor p53 is a barrier to dedifferentiation; whether this is strictly due to repression of proliferation remains a subject of debate . Here , we show that p53 plays an active role in promoting differentiation of human embryonic stem cells ( hESCs ) and opposing self-renewal by regu... | Most cell types in an organism are generated from embryonic stem cells ( ESCs ) , which are able to proliferate an unlimited number of times and have the potential to produce any kind of cell of that organism ( this ability is called pluripotency ) . In order to maintain these properties , ESCs have to remain in a prol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"biology"
] | 2012 | p53 Regulates Cell Cycle and MicroRNAs to Promote Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells |
Inter-individual variation in facial shape is one of the most noticeable phenotypes in humans , and it is clearly under genetic regulation; however , almost nothing is known about the genetic basis of normal human facial morphology . We therefore conducted a genome-wide association study for facial shape phenotypes in ... | Monozygotic twins look more alike than dizygotic twins or other siblings , and siblings in turn look more alike than unrelated individuals , indicating that human facial morphology has a strong genetic component . We quantitatively assessed human facial shape phenotypes based on statistical shape analyses of facial lan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
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"studies",
"gene",
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"population",
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"quantitative",
"traits",
"genetic",
"determinism",
"mutation",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"testing",
"genome",
"complexity",
"genomics",
"chromosomal",
"inheritance",
"biology... | 2012 | A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Five Loci Influencing Facial Morphology in Europeans |
The anesthetic propofol elicits many different spectral properties on the EEG , including alpha oscillations ( 8–12 Hz ) , Slow Wave Oscillations ( SWO , 0 . 1–1 . 5 Hz ) , and dose-dependent phase-amplitude coupling ( PAC ) between alpha and SWO . Propofol is known to increase GABAA inhibition and decrease H-current s... | Anesthetics make patients lose consciousness , but how they affect brain dynamics is still unknown . Changes in EEG brainwaves are some of the few noninvasive signals we can use to learn about this . By analyzing such data , we can develop more targeted anesthetics , expand our knowledge of sleep circuits , and better ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
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] | [
"medicine",
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"brain",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"brain",
"map... | 2017 | Thalamocortical control of propofol phase-amplitude coupling |
Bartonella bacilliformis is the etiological agent of Carrion’s disease , a neglected tropical poverty-linked illness . This infection is endemic of Andean regions and it is estimated that approximately 1 . 7 million of South Americans are at risk . This bacterium is a fastidious slow growing microorganism , which is di... | The bacteria Bartonella bacilliformis is the etiological agent of Carrion’s disease , which is a neglected poverty-related disease , related to Mountain Andean valleys of Peru , Colombia and Ecuador . This disease , in absence of treatment presents a high mortality during the acute phase , called Oroya’s Fever . The se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
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"body",
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"and",
"laboratory",
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"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"peru",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis... | 2016 | Multi-Locus Sequence Typing of Bartonella bacilliformis DNA Performed Directly from Blood of Patients with Oroya’s Fever During a Peruvian Outbreak |
Intrauterine growth restriction ( IUGR ) due to placental insufficiency is associated with blood flow redistribution in order to maintain delivery of oxygenated blood to the brain . Given that , in the fetus the aortic isthmus ( AoI ) is a key arterial connection between the cerebral and placental circulations , quanti... | Intrauterine growth restriction ( IUGR ) is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality and can be defined as a low birth weight together with signs of chronic hypoxia or malnutrition . It is mostly due to placental insufficiency resulting in a chronic restriction of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus . IUGR leads ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computer",
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"sciences",
"cardiovascular",
"imaging",
"computer",
"modeling",
"women's",
"health",
"anatomy",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"science... | 2014 | A Computational Model of the Fetal Circulation to Quantify Blood Redistribution in Intrauterine Growth Restriction |
Osteocytes , cells forming an elaborate network within the bones of most vertebrate taxa , are thought to be the master regulators of bone modeling , a process of coordinated , local bone-tissue deposition and removal that keeps bone strains at safe levels throughout life . Neoteleost fish , however , lack osteocytes a... | Bone is a “smart” tissue , able to sense loads within its bulk and change its morphology when needed by a process named bone modeling . This process is carried out by bone-depositing cells ( osteoblasts ) and bone-resorbing cells ( osteoclasts ) and is regulated by osteocytes—cells that reside in small cavities within ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"swimming",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fish",
"spine",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"vertebrates",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"animals",
"finite",
"element",
"analysis",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"fish",
"biology",
"vertebrae",
"osteoblasts",
"mod... | 2019 | A novel nonosteocytic regulatory mechanism of bone modeling |
Classical laboratory strains show limited genetic diversity and do not harness natural genetic variation . Mouse models relevant to Alzheimer’s disease ( AD ) have largely been developed using these classical laboratory strains , such as C57BL/6J ( B6 ) , and this has likely contributed to the failure of translation of... | Despite the rise in incidence of Alzheimer’s disease ( AD ) , it has been over a decade since a new drug treatment has been introduced . Recently , a number of pharmaceutical giants have shut down their AD research units . One issue that these companies and researchers have struggled with is the lack of translatability... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"gene",
"regulation",
"population",
"genetics",
"vertebrates",
"mice",
"animals",
"mammals",
"animal",
"models",
"bone",
"marrow",
"cells",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"model",
"organisms",
"ex... | 2019 | Enhancing face validity of mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease with natural genetic variation |
Hsp100 family chaperones of microorganisms and plants cooperate with the Hsp70/Hsp40/NEF system to resolubilize and reactivate stress-denatured proteins . In yeast this machinery also promotes propagation of prions by fragmenting prion polymers . We previously showed the bacterial Hsp100 machinery cooperates with the y... | The cellular chaperone machinery helps proteins adopt and maintain native conformations and protects cells from stress . The yeast Hsp40s Ydj1 and Sis1 are co-chaperones that regulate Hsp70s , which are key components of many chaperone complexes . Both of these Hsp40s are crucial for growth and Ydj1 directs disaggregat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Hsp40s Specify Functions of Hsp104 and Hsp90 Protein Chaperone Machines |
In meiosis I , homologous chromosomes segregate away from each other–the first of two rounds of chromosome segregation that allow the formation of haploid gametes . In prophase I , homologous partners become joined along their length by the synaptonemal complex ( SC ) and crossovers form between the homologs to generat... | The generation of gametes requires the completion of a specialized cell division called meiosis . This division is unique in that it produces cells ( gametes ) with half the normal number of chromosomes ( such that when two gametes fuse the normal chromosome number is restored ) . Chromosome number is reduced in meiosi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"homologous",
"chromosomes",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"anaphase",
"centromeres",
"cell",
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"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"research",
"and",
"... | 2018 | A ZIP1 separation-of-function allele reveals that centromere pairing drives meiotic segregation of achiasmate chromosomes in budding yeast |
Hypoxia is an important physiological stress signal that drives angiogenesis , the formation of new blood vessels . Besides an increase in the production of pro-angiogenic signals such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , hypoxia also stimulates the production of anti-angiogenic signals . Thrombospondin-1 (... | Research evidence show that thrombospondin-1 ( TSP-1 ) is an anti-angiogenic protein which potently inhibits the downstream signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR2 ) , an important pathway that promotes endothelial cell proliferation , migration and permeability . As demonstrated by numerous... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
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"oxygen",
"messenger",
"rna",
"pulmonology",
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"hypoxia",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"medical",
"hypoxia",
"proteins",
"chemistry",
"biochemistry",
"signal",
"trans... | 2017 | Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Thrombospondin-1 Expression: A Computational Model |
3MC syndrome is an autosomal recessive heterogeneous disorder with features linked to developmental abnormalities . The main features include facial dysmorphism , craniosynostosis and cleft lip/palate; skeletal structures derived from cranial neural crest cells ( cNCC ) . We previously reported that lectin complement p... | The 3MC syndrome is a unifying term amalgamating four rare recessive genetic disorders with overlapping features namely; Mingarelli , Malpuech , Michels and Carnevale syndromes . It is characterised by facial malformations including , high-arched eyebrows , cleft lip/palate , hypertelorism , developmental delay and hea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"hela",
"cells",
"biological",
"cultures",
"physiological",
"processes",
"mutation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"nonsense",
"mutation",
"cell",
"cultures",
"mutation",
"database... | 2017 | COLEC10 is mutated in 3MC patients and regulates early craniofacial development |
Significant cell-to-cell heterogeneity is ubiquitously observed in isogenic cell populations . Consequently , parameters of models of intracellular processes , usually fitted to population-averaged data , should rather be fitted to individual cells to obtain a population of models of similar but non-identical individua... | Because of non-genetic variability , cells in an isogenic population respond differently to a same stimulation . Therefore , the mean behavior of a cell population does not generally correspond to the behavior of the mean cell , and more generally , neglecting cell-to-cell differences biases our quantitative representa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"cell",
"processes",
"messenger",
"rna",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"random",
"variables",
"covariance",
"dna",
"transcription",
"mathematics"... | 2016 | What Population Reveals about Individual Cell Identity: Single-Cell Parameter Estimation of Models of Gene Expression in Yeast |
Screening tests for gambiense sleeping sickness , such as the CATT/T . b . gambiense and a recently developed lateral flow tests , are hitherto based on native variant surface glycoproteins ( VSGs ) , namely LiTat 1 . 3 and LiTat 1 . 5 , purified from highly virulent trypanosome strains grown in rodents . We have expre... | Population screening for the chronic form of sleeping sickness or gambiense human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) is still based on an antibody detection test against the native variant surface glycoprotein ( VSG ) LiTat 1 . 3 . This protein is produced through massive infections of lab animals with highly virulent par... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"proteins",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"serodiagnosis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"recombinant",
"proteins"
] | 2014 | Recombinant Antigens Expressed in Pichia pastoris for the Diagnosis of Sleeping Sickness Caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense |
Previous studies have stressed the genetic divergence and high pathogenicity of strains of T . gondii from French Guiana . Although strains from coastal , human adapted environments ( so called anthropized ) resemble those found in other regions of the Caribbean , strains collected from inland jungle environment are ge... | Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasite of animals that is easily transmitted to humans . Previous studies have shown that human infections in jungle areas of French Guiana are often quite severe , unlike most human infections that are characterized by mild symptoms in healthy adults . Here we characterized the gene... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"population",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Geographic Separation of Domestic and Wild Strains of Toxoplasma gondii in French Guiana Correlates with a Monomorphic Version of Chromosome1a |
Caspases are cysteine proteases that can drive apoptosis in metazoans and have critical functions in the elimination of cells during development , the maintenance of tissue homeostasis , and responses to cellular damage . Although a growing body of research suggests that programmed cell death can occur in the absence o... | Caspases are cysteine proteases that in many cases drive apoptosis , an evolutionarily conserved and highly stereotyped form of cellular suicide with functions in animal development and tissue maintenance . The dysregulation of apoptosis can contribute to diseases as diverse as cancer , autoimmunity , and neurodegenera... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"animal",
"genetics",
"gene",
"identification",
"and",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"cell",
"fate",
"determination"
] | 2013 | Both the Caspase CSP-1 and a Caspase-Independent Pathway Promote Programmed Cell Death in Parallel to the Canonical Pathway for Apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Scabies is endemic in many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities , with 69% of infants infected in the first year of life . We report the outcomes against scabies of two oral ivermectin mass drug administrations ( MDAs ) delivered 12 months apart in a remote Australian Aboriginal community . Utilizing a bef... | Scabies is endemic in many Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities , with 69% of infants infected in the first year of life . Previous mass drug administration ( MDA ) programs using topical acaricides to decrease scabies prevalence have had varying degrees of success in Australia . We were invited... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Impact of an Ivermectin Mass Drug Administration on Scabies Prevalence in a Remote Australian Aboriginal Community |
Studies of mice with Y chromosome long arm deficiencies suggest that the male-specific region ( MSYq ) encodes information required for sperm differentiation and postmeiotic sex chromatin repression ( PSCR ) . Several genes have been identified on MSYq , but because they are present in more than 40 copies each , their ... | During meiosis in the male mouse , the X and Y chromosomes are transcriptionally silenced , and retain a significant degree of repression after meiosis . Postmeiotically , X and Y chromosome–encoded genes are consequently expressed at a low level , with the exception of genes present in many copies , which can achieve ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology"
] | 2009 | The Multicopy Gene Sly Represses the Sex Chromosomes in the Male Mouse Germline after Meiosis |
There is no point of care diagnostic test for infection with M . Leprae or for leprosy , although ELISA anti PGL-1 has been considered and sometimes used as a means to identify infection . A systematic review of all cohort studies , which classified healthy leprosy contacts , at entry , according to anti-PGL1 positivit... | Contacts of leprosy cases are more likely to be infected and develop leprosy . But not everyone infected with M . Leprae develops clinical leprosy . into clinical disease . We examined and summarized all the eight studies that evaluated how well PGL-1 predicts which contacts of leprosy will become cases . PGL-1 positiv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"mathematics",... | 2016 | Anti-PGL-1 Positivity as a Risk Marker for the Development of Leprosy among Contacts of Leprosy Cases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |
There was a dengue epidemic in several regions of China in 2013 . No study has explored the dynamics of dengue transmission between different geographical locations with dengue outbreaks in China . The purpose of the study is to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and to explore the dynamic transmission of deng... | Dengue is the most prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease . As an imported disease in China , the imported cases play a vital role for the local dengue transmission . There were dengue outbreaks in three Provinces ( covering nine Cities/Prefectures ) of China in 2013 , with several regions had the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"china",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"geograp... | 2016 | The Epidemiological Characteristics and Dynamic Transmission of Dengue in China, 2013 |
Revealing the patterns and determinants of the spread of dengue virus ( DENV ) at local scales is central to understanding the epidemiology and evolution of this major human pathogen . We performed a phylogenetic analysis of the envelope ( E ) genes of DENV-1 , -2 , -3 , and -4 isolates ( involving 97 , 23 , 5 , and 74... | Long-term cohort studies of dengue virus ( DENV ) , the most common vector-borne viral disease of humans , are essential to understand the epidemiology and evolution of this important human pathogen , and may assist in predicting the evolutionary response to vaccination . We utilized DENV gene sequences and information... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"molecular",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"dengue",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"spatial",
"epidemiology"
] | 2013 | Frequent In-Migration and Highly Focal Transmission of Dengue Viruses among Children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand |
Carney complex ( CNC ) is an inherited neoplasia syndrome with endocrine overactivity . Its most frequent endocrine manifestation is primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease ( PPNAD ) , a bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia causing pituitary-independent Cushing's syndrome . Inactivating mutations in PRKAR1A , ... | Carney complex is a rare familial disease characterized by a predisposition to develop multiple endocrine tumors and highly morbid syndromes due to endocrine overactivities . Its most frequent endocrine manifestation , hypersecretion of glucocorticoids i . e . Cushing's syndrome , is caused by micronodular adrenal glan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/adrenal",
"cortex",
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/multiple",
"endocrine",
"disorders",
"and",
"neoplasias",
"oncology/multiple",
"endocrine... | 2010 | Cushing's Syndrome and Fetal Features Resurgence in Adrenal Cortex–Specific Prkar1a Knockout Mice |
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