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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genetic similarity of spouses can reflect factors influencing mate choice , such as physical/behavioral characteristics , and patterns of social endogamy . Spouse correlations for both genetic ancestry and measured traits may impact genotype distributions ( Hardy Weinberg and linkage equilibrium ) , and therefore genet... | We analyzed three generations of whites from the Framingham Heart Study ( FHS ) using genome-wide genotype data to characterize their genetic ancestry . By examination of spouse-pairs , we observed that individuals of Northern/Western European , Southern European and Ashkenazi ancestry preferentially chose spouses of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"population",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"regression",
"analysis",
"linkage",
"disequilibrium",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"genome",
"analysis... | 2017 | Structured mating: Patterns and implications |
We consider the problem of how to detect cognate pairs of proteins that bind when each belongs to a large family of paralogs . To illustrate the problem , we have undertaken a genomewide analysis of interactions of members of the PE and PPE protein families of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Our computational method uses ... | We consider the problem of detecting protein interactions from genome sequences when the potential interacting partners belong to large families of similar ( homologous ) proteins . Many computational methods for predicting protein interactions rely on similarity to a pair of known interacting proteins . When the prote... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"computation... | 2008 | Identifying Cognate Binding Pairs among a Large Set of Paralogs: The Case of PE/PPE Proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Small molecule signaling promotes the communication between bacteria as well as between bacteria and eukaryotes . The opportunistic pathogenic bacterium Legionella pneumophila employs LAI-1 ( 3-hydroxypentadecane-4-one ) for bacterial cell-cell communication . LAI-1 is produced and detected by the Lqs ( Legionella quor... | Legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium , which upon inhalation causes a severe pneumonia termed Legionnaires’ disease . The opportunistic pathogen employs the small molecule LAI-1 ( Legionella autoinducer-1 ) for bacterial cell-cell communication . LAI-1 is produced and detected by the Lqs ( Leg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Inter-kingdom Signaling by the Legionella Quorum Sensing Molecule LAI-1 Modulates Cell Migration through an IQGAP1-Cdc42-ARHGEF9-Dependent Pathway |
Glucagon , secreted from pancreatic islet α cells , stimulates gluconeogenesis and liver glycogen breakdown . The mechanism regulating glucagon release is debated , and variously attributed to neuronal control , paracrine control by neighbouring β cells , or to an intrinsic glucose sensing by the α cells themselves . W... | Glucagon is a critical regulator of glucose homeostasis . Its major action is to mobilize glucose from the liver . Glucagon secretion from α cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans is suppressed by elevated blood sugar , a response that is often perturbed in diabetes . Much work has focused on the regulation of α-... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiology",
"in",
"vitro",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology",
"homo",
"(human)",
"rattus",
"(rat)"
] | 2007 | A KATP Channel-Dependent Pathway within α Cells Regulates Glucagon Release from Both Rodent and Human Islets of Langerhans |
The architecture of dendritic arbors determines circuit connectivity , receptive fields , and computational properties of neurons , and dendritic structure is impaired in several psychiatric disorders . While apical and basal dendritic compartments of pyramidal neurons are functionally specialized and differentially re... | A fundamental feature of a neuron is the morphology of its dendrites , which are the processes that receive and integrate synaptic signals from other neurons . Neurons in the mammalian cortex exhibit two distinct dendritic arbors: apical dendrites , which extend far from the cell body , and basal dendrites , which elab... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"neuroscience",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"neuronal",
"morphology",
"signaling",
"pathways",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2012 | An Autism-Associated Variant of Epac2 Reveals a Role for Ras/Epac2 Signaling in Controlling Basal Dendrite Maintenance in Mice |
Meiotic recombination is required for the orderly segregation of chromosomes during meiosis and for providing genetic diversity among offspring . Among mammals , as well as yeast and higher plants , recombination preferentially occurs at highly delimited chromosomal sites 1–2 kb long known as hotspots . Although consid... | Recombination is an essential aspect of meiosis , ensuring proper contact and exchange of genetic material between homologous parental chromosomes , as well as their subsequent segregation to produce haploid gametes . In humans and mice , recombination events are located at preferential sites termed hotspots , whose pl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2009 | Trans-Regulation of Mouse Meiotic Recombination Hotspots by Rcr1 |
It is now established that the central nervous system plays an important role in regulating whole body metabolism and energy balance . However , the extent to which sensory systems relay environmental information to modulate metabolic events in peripheral tissues has remained poorly understood . In addition , it has be... | The central nervous system plays a vital role in regulating whole body metabolism and energy balance . However , the precise cellular , genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain a major unsolved mystery . C . elegans has emerged as a tractable and highly informative model to study the neurobiolog... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"caenorhabditis",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"oils",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"genetic",
"engineering",
"digestive... | 2017 | Pheromone-sensing neurons regulate peripheral lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Lymphedema is a debilitating and disfiguring sequela of an overwhelmed lymphatic system . The most common causes of secondary lymphedema are lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) , a vector-borne , parasitic disease endemic in 73 tropical countries , and treatment for cancer in developed countries . Lymphedema is incurable and r... | Secondary lymphedema is a major cause of disability worldwide . The most common causes are treatment for cancer or infection with lymphatic filariasis . In both cases , the lymphatic system is damaged and unable to perform its normal function of removing extracellular fluid and wastes . Protein rich fluid accumulates i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"legs",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"sports",
"and",
"exercise",
"medicine",
"salts",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"database",
"searching",
"physical",
"activity",
"health",
"care",
"signs",
... | 2016 | Self-Care for Management of Secondary Lymphedema: A Systematic Review |
Individual rapid tests for serodiagnosis ( RDT ) of human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) are particularly suited for passive screening and surveillance . However , so far , no large scale evaluation of RDTs has been performed for diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense HAT in West Africa . The objective of this stud... | Screening for gambiense human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) or sleeping sickness is traditionally based on detection of trypanosome specific antibodies in blood . Whereas the card agglutination test is particularly suited for mass screening , individual rapid serodiagnostic tests ( RDTs ) are rather adapted for use i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Accuracy of Individual Rapid Tests for Serodiagnosis of Gambiense Sleeping Sickness in West Africa |
Understanding emotion is critical for a science of healthy and disordered brain function , but the neurophysiological basis of emotional experience is still poorly understood . We analyzed human brain activity patterns from 148 studies of emotion categories ( 2159 total participants ) using a novel hierarchical Bayesia... | Neuroimaging provides a unique way of understanding the ‘emotional brain’ by identifying patterns across multiple systems that imbue each instance of emotion with its particular qualities . In this meta-analysis across 148 studies , we ask whether it is possible to identify patterns that differentiate five emotion cate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Network",
"Co-activation",
"Differences",
"among",
"Emotion",
"Categories",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Bayesian Model of Category-Specific Emotional Brain Responses |
Vertebrate hearts depend on highly specialized cardiomyocytes that form the cardiac conduction system ( CCS ) to coordinate chamber contraction and drive blood efficiently and unidirectionally throughout the organism . Defects in this specialized wiring system can lead to syncope and sudden cardiac death . Thus , a gre... | Aberrant electrical activity of the heart , otherwise known as cardiac arrhythmia , may disrupt heart contractions , leading to loss of consciousness and sudden death . Every year , approximately 450 , 000 individuals in the United States die suddenly from this event . Currently , the only proven preventive therapy for... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders"
] | 2008 | Genetic and Physiologic Dissection of the Vertebrate Cardiac Conduction System |
Estimation of liver function is important to monitor progression of chronic liver disease ( CLD ) . A promising method is magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) combined with gadoxetate , a liver-specific contrast agent . For this method , we have previously developed a model for an average healthy human . Herein , we exte... | Being able to accurately and reliably estimate liver function is important when monitoring the progression of patients with liver disease , as well as when identifying drug-induced liver injury during drug development . A promising method for quantifying liver function is to use magnetic resonance imaging combined with... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"liver",
"immune",
"physiology",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"body",
"fluids",
"biopsy",
"spleen",
"fibrosis",
"liver",
"diseases",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"phy... | 2019 | Model-inferred mechanisms of liver function from magnetic resonance imaging data: Validation and variation across a clinically relevant cohort |
Glioblastoma multiforme ( GBM ) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor . Molecular heterogeneity is a hallmark of GBM tumors that is a barrier in developing treatment strategies . In this study , we used the nonsynonymous mutations of GBM tumors deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas ( TCGA ) and applied a systems le... | Precision medicine aims to find the best treatment strategy based on the information about the patient’s tumor . Molecular heterogeneity is the main obstacle in developing treatment strategies . Therefore , transforming patient specific molecular data into clinically interpretable knowledge is fundamental in precision ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"interaction",
"networks",
"protein",
"interactions",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"mutation",
"network",
"analysis",
"nonsense",
"mutation",
"protein",
"structure",
"mutation",
"databases",
"frameshift",
"mutation",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"com... | 2019 | 3D spatial organization and network-guided comparison of mutation profiles in Glioblastoma reveals similarities across patients |
Recent efforts to cure human immunodeficiency virus type-1 ( HIV-1 ) infection have focused on developing latency reversing agents as a first step to eradicate the latent reservoir . The histone deacetylase inhibitor , vorinostat , has been shown to activate HIV RNA transcription in CD4+ T-cells and alter host cell gen... | Combination antiretroviral therapy ( cART ) for HIV infection must be taken for life due to the existence of long lived latently infected cells . Recent efforts have focused on developing latency reversing agents to eliminate latently infected cells by activating HIV production . In this work , we assess the impact of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Modeling the Effects of Vorinostat In Vivo Reveals both Transient and Delayed HIV Transcriptional Activation and Minimal Killing of Latently Infected Cells |
The treatment of HCV infection has seen significant progress , particularly since the approval of new direct-acting antiviral drugs . However these clinical achievements have been made despite an incomplete understanding of HCV replication and within-host evolution , especially compared with HIV-1 . Here , we undertake... | Our knowledge of HCV within-host evolution is substantially limited , which is surprising given that highly successful therapies against the virus have been developed . Key aspects of HCV infection , such as rapid fluctuations in viral diversity and the reappearance of viral strains years after their initial detection ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"hepacivirus",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
"vir... | 2016 | Exceptional Heterogeneity in Viral Evolutionary Dynamics Characterises Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection |
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a slowly progressing , necrotising disease of the skin caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans . Non-ulcerative manifestations are nodules , plaques and oedema , which may progress to ulceration of large parts of the skin . Histopathologically , BU is characterized by coagulative necrosis... | Buruli ulcer caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans infection is a necrotizing disease of the skin and the underlying subcutaneous tissue . Since the skin of pigs ( Sus scrofa ) has striking structural and physiological similarities with human skin , we investigated whether it is possible to develop an experimental M . ulcer... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mycobacterium",
"ulcerans",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"buruli",
"ulcer",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"anatomical",
"pathology",
"histopathology",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
... | 2014 | Experimental Infection of the Pig with Mycobacterium ulcerans: A Novel Model for Studying the Pathogenesis of Buruli Ulcer Disease |
Viruses use cellular machinery to enter and infect cells . In this study we address the cell entry mechanisms of nonenveloped adenoviruses ( Ads ) . We show that protein VI , an internal capsid protein , is rapidly exposed after cell surface attachment and internalization and remains partially associated with the capsi... | Viruses exploit cellular functions during entry and exit of cells . To redirect cellular functions for their own purpose , viruses encode high-affinity binding sites for key-cellular factors . One such domain is the PPxY motif , which is present in structural proteins of several , mainly enveloped viruses . This motif ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virion",
"structure,",
"assembly,",
"and",
"egress",
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"and",
"cell",
"entry"
] | 2010 | A Capsid-Encoded PPxY-Motif Facilitates Adenovirus Entry |
Endogenous retroviruses are cellular genes of retroviral origin captured by their host during the course of evolution and represent around 8% of the human genome . Although most are defective and transcriptionally silenced , some are still able to generate retroviral-like particles and proteins . Among these , the HERV... | Nearly half the DNA of mammals consists of reitarated , selfish elements that can move and amplify within the genome . With time , some of these elements are recruited by the host and the proteins they encode are used to fulfill physiological functions , whereas other elements have conserved some of their pathological ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"transfection",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"293t",
"cells",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"biological",
"cultures",
"rna",
"extraction",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"oncology",
"transcription",
"factors",
"bioassays",
"and... | 2017 | A human endogenous retrovirus-derived gene that can contribute to oncogenesis by activating the ERK pathway and inducing migration and invasion |
Recent advances in epigenomics have made it possible to map genome-wide regulatory regions using empirical methods . Subsequent comparative epigenomic studies have revealed that regulatory regions diverge rapidly between genome of different species , and that the divergence is more pronounced in enhancers than in promo... | Regions of the genome that do not encode genes but affect expression of other genes , such as enhancers and promoters , are referred to as regulatory regions . Because of their regulatory functions , it was thought that enhancers and promoters should be evolutionarily conserved . Regulatory regions can be now epigenomi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"comparative",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"chemical",
"characterization",
"statistics",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"epigenomics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"genomic... | 2018 | Functional conservation of sequence determinants at rapidly evolving regulatory regions across mammals |
Independently evolving populations may adapt to similar selection pressures via different genetic changes . The interactions between such changes , such as in a hybrid individual , can inform us about what course adaptation may follow and allow us to determine whether gene flow would be facilitated or hampered followin... | We crossed yeast bearing different genetic mutations to determine the fitness of their hybrid offspring . These strains had previously evolved in the presence of the fungicide nystatin . Even though the initial strains had nearly identical genomes , differing only in the mutation they carried within the biosynthetic pa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"drugs",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"antifungals",
"epistasis",
"mutation",
"sign",
"epistasis",
"pharmacology",
"population",
"biology",
"mycology",
"lipids",
"fitness",
"epistasis",
"mutant",
"str... | 2017 | Widespread Genetic Incompatibilities between First-Step Mutations during Parallel Adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a Common Environment |
Light plays a critical role in the regulation of numerous aspects of physiology and behaviour , including the entrainment of circadian rhythms and the regulation of sleep . These responses involve melanopsin ( OPN4 ) -expressing photosensitive retinal ganglion cells ( pRGCs ) in addition to rods and cones . Nocturnal l... | Light exerts profound effects on our physiology and behaviour , setting our biological clocks to the correct time and regulating when we are asleep and we are awake . The photoreceptors mediating these responses include the rods and cones involved in vision , as well as a subset of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"white",
"light",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"sleep",
"vertebrates",
"light",
"mice",
"animals",
"mammals",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"physiological",
"processes",
"animal",
"behavior",
"adrenal",
"glands",
"visible",
"light",
"zoology",
"behavior",
... | 2016 | Melanopsin Regulates Both Sleep-Promoting and Arousal-Promoting Responses to Light |
Alveolar macrophages ( AM ) are critical for defense against bacterial and fungal infections . However , a definitive role of AM in viral infections remains unclear . We here report that AM play a key role in survival to influenza and vaccinia virus infection by maintaining lung function and thereby protecting from asp... | Acute respiratory viral infections can cause severe morbidity and pneumonia in infected individuals . Alveolar macrophages and various subsets of dendritic cells have been implicated in innate immunity and induction of anti-viral T cell responses that contribute to host defense against influenza virus infection . Howev... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunopathology",
"immune",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"animal",
"cells",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"types",
"immunology"
] | 2014 | Alveolar Macrophages Are Essential for Protection from Respiratory Failure and Associated Morbidity following Influenza Virus Infection |
Animal venoms are theorized to evolve under the significant influence of positive Darwinian selection in a chemical arms race scenario , where the evolution of venom resistance in prey and the invention of potent venom in the secreting animal exert reciprocal selection pressures . Venom research to date has mainly focu... | While the influence of positive selection in diversifying animal venoms is widely recognized , the role of purifying selection that conserves the amino acid sequence of venom components such as peptide toxins has never been considered . In addition to unraveling the unique strategies of evolution of toxin gene families... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Rise and Fall of an Evolutionary Innovation: Contrasting Strategies of Venom Evolution in Ancient and Young Animals |
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity ( STDP ) has been observed in many brain areas such as sensory cortices , where it is hypothesized to structure synaptic connections between neurons . Previous studies have demonstrated how STDP can capture spiking information at short timescales using specific input configurations , s... | Tuning feature extraction of sensory stimuli is an important function for synaptic plasticity models . A widely studied example is the development of orientation preference in the primary visual cortex , which can emerge using moving bars in the visual field . A crucial point is the decomposition of stimuli into basic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2012 | Spectral Analysis of Input Spike Trains by Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity |
Inflammatory monocytes can be manipulated by environmental cues to perform multiple functions . To define the role of monocytes during primary or secondary infection with an intra-phagosomal pathogen we employed Leishmania major-red fluorescent protein ( RFP ) parasites and multi-color flow cytometry to define and enum... | Many infectious diseases are initiated in the context of inflammation . This inflammatory response may be initiated by the pathogen itself or by damage to barrier sites associated with the infectious process . In the case of the vector-transmitted intra-phagosomal pathogen Leishmania , the parasite must contend with th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"ears",
"immunology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"pulmonology",
"otology",
"ear",
"infection... | 2017 | Divergent roles for Ly6C+CCR2+CX3CR1+ inflammatory monocytes during primary or secondary infection of the skin with the intra-phagosomal pathogen Leishmania major |
Cells are naturally surrounded by organized electrical signals in the form of local ion fluxes , membrane potential , and electric fields ( EFs ) at their surface . Although the contribution of electrochemical elements to cell polarity and migration is beginning to be appreciated , underlying mechanisms are not known .... | The ability of cells to orient towards spatial cues is critical for processes such as migration , wound healing , and development . Although the role of electrochemical signals is well characterized in processes such as neuronal signaling , their function in cell polarity is much less understood or appreciated . Applic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biophysics",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"ion",
"transport"
] | 2014 | Electrochemical Regulation of Budding Yeast Polarity |
The impact of global climate change on the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases is the subject of extensive debate . The transmission of mosquito-borne viral diseases is particularly complex , with climatic variables directly affecting many parameters associated with the prevalence of disease vectors . While ev... | Although a link between the increased susceptibility of mosquitoes for arthropod-borne viruses and exposure to lower rearing temperatures has been known for many years , the molecular basis of this has remained unknown . We investigated this phenomenon using an engineered strain of mosquito where the expression of a re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mosquitoes",
"rna",
"interference",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"vector",
"biology",
"virology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"bi... | 2013 | Cooler Temperatures Destabilize RNA Interference and Increase Susceptibility of Disease Vector Mosquitoes to Viral Infection |
Increasing seed oil content is one of the most important breeding goals for soybean due to a high global demand for edible vegetable oil . However , genetic improvement of seed oil content has been difficult in soybean because of the complexity of oil metabolism . Determining the major variants and molecular mechanisms... | Soybean seed oil is an important quality trait targeted during domestication and breeding . However , the molecular mechanism of soybean oil regulation is largely unknown due to its complex genetic architecture and environmental sensitivity . In this paper , we integrated GWAS across multiple environments , haplotype a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"plant",
"products",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"plant",
"science",
"oils",
"genome",
"analysis",
"crops",
"lipids",
"genomics",
"crop",
"science",
"gene",
"expression",
"seeds",
... | 2019 | Artificial selection on GmOLEO1 contributes to the increase in seed oil during soybean domestication |
An estimated 2 million inhabitants are infected with Chagas disease in Mexico , with highest prevalence coinciding with highest demographic density in the southern half of the country . After vector-borne transmission , Trypanosoma cruzi is principally transmitted to humans via blood transfusion . Despite initiation of... | Chagas disease continues to be a neglected disease in Mexico and Latin-American . Although an estimated 96% of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission to humans occurs via 32 triatomine vector species , the only transmission prevention in Mexico has been sparse and based on heterogeneous blood donation screening . Despite manda... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"clinical",
"laboratory",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"cost-effectiveness",
"analysis",
"economic",
"analysis",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"health"... | 2016 | Cost-Effectiveness of Blood Donation Screening for Trypanosoma cruzi in Mexico |
Triatomines are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi , the etiological agent of Chagas disease in Latin America . The most effective vector , Triatoma infestans , has been controlled successfully in much of Latin America using insecticide spraying . Though rarely undertaken , surveillance programs are necessary in order to ide... | Chagas disease , caused by Trypanosoma cruzi , is a neglected disease with 20 million people at risk in Latin America . The main control strategies are based on insecticide spraying to eliminate the domestic vectors , the most effective of which is Triatoma infestans . This approach has been very successful in some are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biotechnology/protein",
"chemistry",
"and",
"proteomics"
] | 2009 | Immunogenic Salivary Proteins of Triatoma infestans: Development of a Recombinant Antigen for the Detection of Low-Level Infestation of Triatomines |
Missense mutant proteins , such as those produced in individuals with genetic diseases , are often misfolded and subject to processing by intracellular quality control systems . Previously , we have shown using a yeast system that enzymatic function could be restored to I278T cystathionine β-synthase ( CBS ) , a cause ... | Genetic diseases are often caused by missense mutations: single nucleotide changes that cause a single incorrect amino acid to be substituted into the underlying protein . Most missense mutations cause the encoded protein to fold incorrectly and therefore not function properly . Examples of missense mutation diseases i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"biochemistry/protein",
"folding"
] | 2010 | Activation of Mutant Enzyme Function In Vivo by Proteasome Inhibitors and Treatments that Induce Hsp70 |
Tumourigenesis within the intestine is potently driven by deregulation of the Wnt pathway , a process epigenetically regulated by the chromatin remodelling factor Brg1 . We aimed to investigate this interdependency in an in vivo setting and assess the viability of Brg1 as a potential therapeutic target . Using a range ... | Aberrant Wnt signalling is responsible for the majority of colorectal cancers , the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the UK . However , no therapies directly targeting Wnt signalling are currently available . Using mouse models of intestinal cancer , we demonstrate that deleting chromatin remodelling ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"signal",
"transduction",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"gastrointestinal",
"can... | 2014 | Brg1 Loss Attenuates Aberrant Wnt-Signalling and Prevents Wnt-Dependent Tumourigenesis in the Murine Small Intestine |
In cases of Dengue fever , late hospital admission can lead to treatment delay and even death . In order to improve early disease notification and management , it is essential to investigate the factors affecting the time of admission of Dengue cases . This study determined the factors associated with the time of admis... | A variety of factors affect the time of admission of Dengue fever cases . These must be investigated , as delayed treatment of this disease can result in death . The authors of this study determined the factors associated with the time of admission among notified Dengue cases of Region VIII , Philippines , from 2008 to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"elderly",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"health",
"care",
"age",
"groups",
"chi",
"square",
"tests",
"adults",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"research",... | 2016 | Factors Associated with the Time of Admission among Notified Dengue Fever Cases in Region VIII Philippines from 2008 to 2014 |
Central chemoreceptors are highly sensitive neurons that respond to changes in pH and CO2 levels . An increase in CO2/H+ typically reflects a rise in the firing rate of these neurons , which stimulates an increase in ventilation . Here , we present an ionic current model that reproduces the basic electrophysiological a... | The sensory mechanism by which changes in CO2 and H+ levels are detected in the brain is known as central chemoreception . Altered chemoreception is common to a wide variety of clinical conditions , including sleep apnea , sudden infant death syndrome , hyperventilation , depression , anxiety and asthma . In addition ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Model"
] | [
"acidosis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"membrane",
"potential",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"signs",
"and",
"sym... | 2017 | Theoretical perspectives on central chemosensitivity: CO2/H+-sensitive neurons in the locus coeruleus |
Simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) infection leads to AIDS in experimentally infected macaques , whereas natural reservoir hosts exhibit limited disease and pathology . It is , however , unclear how natural hosts can sustain high viral loads , comparable to those observed in the pathogenic model , without developing... | Simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) does not cause disease in African green monkeys ( a natural host for the virus ) , whereas experimentally infected Asian macaques ( a non-natural host ) develop a progressive disease that is similar to that which occurs in HIV-infected humans . Insight into how HIV causes disease a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"... | 2009 | Transcriptional Profiling in Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic SIV Infections Reveals Significant Distinctions in Kinetics and Tissue Compartmentalization |
Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral illness in humans with half of the world’s population at risk . During early infancy , severe dengue can develop after a primary dengue virus infection . There has been a clinical observation that severe dengue during the first year of life is seen only in chubby infan... | Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral illness in humans with half of the world’s population at risk . During early infancy , severe dengue can develop after a primary dengue virus infection . There has been a clinical observation that severe dengue during the first year of life is seen only in chubby infan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Pattern of Adipose Tissue Accumulation during Early Infancy Provides an Environment for the Development of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever |
Viral invasion triggers the activation of the host antiviral response . Besides the innate immune response , stress granules ( SGs ) also act as an additional defense response to combat viral replication . However , many viruses have evolved various strategies to suppress SG formation to facilitate their own replicatio... | Human parainfluenza virus type 3 ( HPIV3 ) is one of the major causes of acute respiratory tract diseases such as pneumonia and bronchitis in infants and children . Virus invasion activates cellular stress responses . One of these responses is the formation of SGs which counteract viral replication . However , many vir... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nucleic",
"acid",
"synthesis",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"hela",
"cells",
"biological",
"cultures",
"messenger",
"rna",
"brain",
"microbiology",
"red",
"nucleus",
"cell",
"cultures",
"rna",
"synthesis",
"chemic... | 2018 | Inclusion bodies of human parainfluenza virus type 3 inhibit antiviral stress granule formation by shielding viral RNAs |
Urogenital schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma haematobium is a serious underestimated public health problem affecting 112 million people - particularly in sub-Saharan Africa . Microscopic examination of urine samples to detect parasite eggs still remains as definitive diagnosis . This work was focussed on developing a ... | Human schistosomiasis is a disease caused by several species of parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma that is affecting 200 million people , especially in sub-Saharan Africa . Most people are infected with Schistosoma haematobium , the species that causes urogenital schistosomiasis and also bladder cancer in many ch... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Rapid-Heat LAMPellet Method: A Potential Diagnostic Method for Human Urogenital Schistosomiasis |
Neuronal cargos are differentially targeted to either axons or dendrites , and this polarized cargo targeting critically depends on the interaction between microtubules and molecular motors . From a forward mutagenesis screen , we identified a gain-of-function mutation in the C . elegans α-tubulin gene mec-12 that trig... | Axons and dendrites are two classes of neuronal process that differ in their functions and molecular compositions . Proteins important for synaptic functions are mostly synthesized in the cell body and sorted differentially into the axon or dendrites . Microtubules in the axon and dendrite maintain their structural int... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"neuroscience"
] | 2014 | Genetic Analysis of a Novel Tubulin Mutation That Redirects Synaptic Vesicle Targeting and Causes Neurite Degeneration in C. elegans |
The actions of the RIG-I like receptor ( RLR ) and type I interferon ( IFN ) signaling pathways are essential for a protective innate immune response against the emerging flavivirus West Nile virus ( WNV ) . In mice lacking RLR or IFN signaling pathways , WNV exhibits enhanced tissue tropism , indicating that specific ... | West Nile virus ( WNV ) , a mosquito-transmitted RNA flavivirus , is an NIAID Category B infectious agent that has emerged in the Western hemisphere as a serious public health threat . The innate immune effectors that impart restriction of WNV infection are not well defined . WNV infection is sensed by the host RIG-I l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"activation",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility",
"emerging",
... | 2013 | A Systems Biology Approach Reveals that Tissue Tropism to West Nile Virus Is Regulated by Antiviral Genes and Innate Immune Cellular Processes |
While influenza viruses are a common respiratory pathogen , sporadic reports of conjunctivitis following human infection demonstrates the ability of this virus to cause disease outside of the respiratory tract . The ocular surface represents both a potential site of virus replication and a portal of entry for establish... | Most infections with influenza virus result in respiratory disease . However , influenza viruses of the H7 subtype frequently cause ocular and not respiratory symptoms during human infection , demonstrating that the eye represents an alternate location for influenza viruses to infect humans . Using a ferret model , we ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Influenza Virus Respiratory Infection and Transmission Following Ocular Inoculation in Ferrets |
Viral infection leads to induction of pattern-recognition receptor signaling , which leads to interferon regulatory factor ( IRF ) activation and ultimately interferon ( IFN ) production . To establish infection , many viruses have strategies to evade the innate immunity . For the hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) , which caus... | Viral infection is sensed by the host innate immune system , which acts to limit viral infection by inducing antiviral cytokines such as the interferons . To establish infection , many viruses have strategies to evade the innate immunity . For the hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) , which causes chronic infection in the liver ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"virology/immune",
"evasion"
] | 2010 | Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase Blocks Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling via Interaction with DDX3: Implications for Immune Evasion |
In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells , gene expression is regulated across the cell cycle to ensure “just-in-time” assembly of select cellular structures and molecular machines . However , present in all time-series gene expression measurements is variability that arises from both systematic error in the cell synch... | Time-series analyses of cellular regulatory processes have successfully drawn attention to the importance of temporal regulation in biological systems . A number of model systems can be synchronized such that data collected on cell populations better reflect the dynamic properties of the individual cell . However , exp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mathematics",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression"
] | 2009 | Model-Based Deconvolution of Cell Cycle Time-Series Data Reveals Gene Expression Details at High Resolution |
The way in which single neurons transform input into output spike trains has fundamental consequences for network coding . Theories and modeling studies based on standard Integrate-and-Fire models implicitly assume that , in response to increasingly strong inputs , neurons modify their coding strategy by progressively ... | Over the last decades , a variety of simplified spiking models have been shown to achieve a surprisingly high performance in predicting the neuronal responses to in vitro somatic current injections . Because of the complex adaptive behavior featured by cortical neurons , this success is however restricted to limited st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
... | 2016 | Enhanced Sensitivity to Rapid Input Fluctuations by Nonlinear Threshold Dynamics in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons |
Very little is known about how vector-borne pathogens interact within their vector and how this impacts transmission . Here we show that mosquitoes can accumulate mixed strain malaria infections after feeding on multiple hosts . We found that parasites have a greater chance of establishing and reach higher densities if... | Very little is known about how malaria parasite strains interact with each other inside mosquitoes . In this study we show that mosquitoes that have already been infected with one strain of malaria parasites are more likely to become infected with a new strain . Moreover , the presence of an existing infection enhances... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Existing Infection Facilitates Establishment and Density of Malaria Parasites in Their Mosquito Vector |
Insects rely primarily on innate immune responses to fight pathogens . In Drosophila , antimicrobial peptides are key contributors to host defense . Antimicrobial peptide gene expression is regulated by the IMD and Toll pathways . Bacterial peptidoglycans trigger these pathways , through recognition by peptidoglycan re... | The innate immune system controls the immediate response to infection . Innate immunity relies on germline encoded receptors , receptors that are present at birth , to recognize germs and trigger a protective response . Invertebrates ( i . e . , insects ) rely on innate immunity to survive in microbial-rich environment... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"immunology/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2008 | Rudra Interrupts Receptor Signaling Complexes to Negatively Regulate the IMD Pathway |
Most species are superbly and intricately adapted to the environments in which they live . Adaptive evolution by natural selection is the primary force shaping biological diversity . Differences between closely related species in ecologically selected characters such as habitat preference , reproductive timing , courts... | Adaptive evolution by natural selection is the primary force generating biological diversity . A critical question is whether the evolution of hybrid incompatibility , which is essential for the maintenance of species diversity , is caused by adaptive evolution . In this article , we investigate one of the most widely ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"ecology",
"plant",
"biology",
"population",
"genetics",
"quantitative",
"traits",
"plant",
"science",
"linkage",
"(genetics)",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"genotypes",
"trait",
"locus",
"plant",
"evolution",
"phenotypes",
... | 2013 | Indirect Evolution of Hybrid Lethality Due to Linkage with Selected Locus in Mimulus guttatus |
We study apo and holo forms of the bacterial ferric binding protein ( FBP ) which exhibits the so-called ferric transport dilemma: it uptakes iron from the host with remarkable affinity , yet releases it with ease in the cytoplasm for subsequent use . The observations fit the “conformational selection” model whereby th... | Upon binding ligands , many proteins undergo structural changes compared to the unbound form . We introduce a methodology to monitor these changes and to study which mechanisms arrange conformational shifts between the liganded and free forms . Our method is simple , yet it efficiently characterizes the response of pro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Discussion"
] | [
"physics/condensed",
"matter",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"biophysics/biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"mathematics/statistics",
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"dynamics",
"physics/interdisciplinary",
"physics"
] | 2009 | Perturbation-Response Scanning Reveals Ligand Entry-Exit Mechanisms of Ferric Binding Protein |
Ferroportin ( FPN ) is the only known cellular iron exporter in mammalian cells and plays a critical role in the maintenance of both cellular and systemic iron balance . During iron deprivation , the translation of FPN is repressed by iron regulatory proteins ( IRPs ) , which bind to the 5′ untranslated region ( UTR ) ... | Cellular iron homeostasis is maintained by a sophisticated system that responds to iron levels and coordinates the expression of targets important for balancing iron export and uptake with intracellular storage and utilization . Ferroportin is the only known cellular iron exporter in mammalian cells and plays a critica... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Iron-Responsive miR-485-3p Regulates Cellular Iron Homeostasis by Targeting Ferroportin |
The epidermis is the largest organ of the body for most animals , and the first line of defense against invading pathogens . A breach in the epidermal cell layer triggers a variety of localized responses that in favorable circumstances result in the repair of the wound . Many cellular and genetic responses must be limi... | An epidermal wound provides signals that initiate a variety of localized responses , some of which act to regenerate and repair the breach in the epidermal barrier . The Drosophila melanogaster embryonic epidermis provides an excellent system to discover new genes that regulate wound-healing processes . Using fluoresce... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Duox, Flotillin-2, and Src42A Are Required to Activate or Delimit the Spread of the Transcriptional Response to Epidermal Wounds in Drosophila |
Malaria in pregnancy remains a substantial public health problem in malaria-endemic areas with detrimental outcomes for both the mother and the foetus . The placental changes that lead to some of these detrimental outcomes have been studied , but the mechanisms that lead to these changes are still not fully elucidated ... | Plasmodium infections during pregnancy represent a substantial health burden for mothers and their neonates leading to underweight babies , preterm deliveries , abortions , stillbirths , and even maternal mortality . The placenta , in its role as a bridge between mother and foetus , will either suffer or mediate the in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Malaria in Pregnancy Interacts with and Alters the Angiogenic Profiles of the Placenta |
The mosquito resistance to the insecticides threatens malaria control efforts , potentially becoming a major public health issue . Alternative methods like ivermectin ( IVM ) administration to humans has been suggested as a possible vector control to reduce Plasmodium transmission . Anopheles aquasalis and Anopheles da... | Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world with hundreds of millions of new cases every year . The disease is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium where Plasmodium vivax represent most of the cases in the Americas . Current strategies to combat malaria transmission are being implemente... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"invertebrates",
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"oocysts",
"plasmodium",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"parasitology",
"apicomplexa",
"pharmacology",
"population",
"biology",... | 2018 | Promising approach to reducing Malaria transmission by ivermectin: Sporontocidal effect against Plasmodium vivax in the South American vectors Anopheles aquasalis and Anopheles darlingi |
The sphingolipid ceramide elicits several stress responses , however , organisms survive despite increased ceramide but how they do so is poorly understood . We demonstrate here that the AKT/FOXO pathway regulates survival in increased ceramide environment by metabolic adaptation involving changes in glycolysis and lip... | Ceramide belongs to an important class of lipids called sphingolipids . An increase in ceramide levels elicits several stress responses . We have used Drosophila mutated in ceramide kinase , an enzyme involved in metabolizing ceramide to understand how an organism adapts to stress imposed by ceramide . We find that in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2013 | Survival Response to Increased Ceramide Involves Metabolic Adaptation through Novel Regulators of Glycolysis and Lipolysis |
The genomes of all organisms throughout the tree of life are compacted and organized in chromatin by association of chromatin proteins . Eukaryotic genomes encode histones , which are assembled on the genome into octamers , yielding nucleosomes . Post-translational modifications of the histones , which occur mostly on ... | Both Archaea and eukaryotes express histones , but whereas the tertiary structure of histones is conserved , the quaternary structure of histone–DNA complexes is very different . In a recent study , the crystal structure of the archaeal hypernucleosome was revealed to be an “endless” core of interacting histones that w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Histones",
"are",
"found",
"in",
"some",
"newly",
"discovered",
"Archaea",
"Conclusion",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"microbiology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"review",
"archaea",
"basic",
"amino",
"acids",
"amino",
"acids",
"epigenetics",
"chromatin",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"proteins",
"gene",
"expression",
"chemistry",
"histones",
... | 2018 | Structure and function of archaeal histones |
Infection by Listeria monocytogenes ( Lm ) causes serious sepsis and meningitis leading to mortality in neonates . This work explored the ability of CD11chigh lineage DCs to induce CD8+ T-cell immune protection against Lm in mice before 7 days of life , a period symbolized by the absence of murine IL-12p70-producing CD... | Lm is a gram-positive food-borne pathogen that is the ethiological agent of listeriosis , a worldwide disease reported most frequently in developed countries . It can cause spontaneous septic abortions , fatal meningitis or encephalitis in immunocompromised and pregnant individuals . The murine model of systemic Lm inf... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"development",
"cytotoxic",
"t",
"cel... | 2016 | IL-12p40/IL-10 Producing preCD8α/Clec9A+ Dendritic Cells Are Induced in Neonates upon Listeria monocytogenes Infection |
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) suppress the transcriptional and post-transcriptional expression of genes in plants . Several miRNA families target genes encoding nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat ( NB-LRR ) plant innate immune receptors . The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f . sp . lycopersici causes vascular wilt disease i... | Fusarium oxysporum is a fungal pathogen that represents a species complex , with members that infect numerous crops . In spite of its importance to agriculture , very little is known about roles of small RNAs in plant immunity against F . oxysporum . In this study , we set up a screen for tomato microRNAs ( miRNAs ) th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"rna",
"micrornas",
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"disease",
"resistance",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"plant",
"pathology",
"plant",
"pathogens"
] | 2014 | MicroRNAs Suppress NB Domain Genes in Tomato That Confer Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum |
Family studies of individual tissues have shown that gene expression traits are genetically heritable . Here , we investigate cis and trans components of heritability both within and across tissues by applying variance-components methods to 722 Icelanders from family cohorts , using identity-by-descent ( IBD ) estimate... | An important goal in biology is to understand how genotype affects gene expression . Because gene expression varies across tissues , the relationship between genotype and gene expression may be tissue-specific . In this study , we used heritability approaches to study the regulation of gene expression in two tissue typ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
... | 2011 | Single-Tissue and Cross-Tissue Heritability of Gene Expression Via Identity-by-Descent in Related or Unrelated Individuals |
In Europe , the Neolithic transition ( 8 , 000–4 , 000 b . c . ) from hunting and gathering to agricultural communities was one of the most important demographic events since the initial peopling of Europe by anatomically modern humans in the Upper Paleolithic ( 40 , 000 b . c . ) . However , the nature and speed of th... | The transition from a hunter–gatherer existence to a sedentary farming-based lifestyle has had key consequences for human groups around the world and has profoundly shaped human societies . Originating in the Near East around 11 , 000 y ago , an agricultural lifestyle subsequently spread across Europe during the New St... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology/human",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | Ancient DNA from European Early Neolithic Farmers Reveals Their Near Eastern Affinities |
Betanodaviruses cause massive mortality in marine fish species with viral nervous necrosis . The structure of a T = 3 Grouper nervous necrosis virus-like particle ( GNNV-LP ) is determined by the ab initio method with non-crystallographic symmetry averaging at 3 . 6 Å resolution . Each capsid protein ( CP ) shows three... | Betanodaviruses belong to the family Nodaviridae and cause the mortality of numerous larval-stage fish species . Here we report protein crystal structures of a piscine betanodavirus , the Grouper nervous necrosis virus ( GNNV ) , in four different forms . Highlights are two structural features that contribute to the vi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Crystal Structures of a Piscine Betanodavirus: Mechanisms of Capsid Assembly and Viral Infection |
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis ( CME ) and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis ( ADBE ) are two predominant forms of synaptic vesicle ( SV ) endocytosis , elicited by moderate and strong stimuli , respectively . They are tightly coupled with exocytosis for sustained neurotransmission . However , the underlying mechanism... | The arrival of an action potential at the nerve end induces synaptic vesicle ( SV ) exocytosis to allow the release of chemical neurotransmitters and the rapid transmission of signals . SV endocytosis is in turn elicited in order to rapidly replenish the vesicle pool in neurons . Therefore , tight coupling between exoc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neuromuscular",
"junctions",
"nervous",
"system",
"cell",
"processes",
"electrophysiology",
"pigments",
"neuroscience",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"developmental",
"biology",
"functional",
"electrical",
... | 2017 | A Ca2+ channel differentially regulates Clathrin-mediated and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis |
The lack of a mutant phenotype in homozygous mutant individuals’ due to compensatory gene expression triggered upstream of protein function has been identified as genetic compensation . Whilst this intriguing process has been recognized in zebrafish , the presence of homozygous loss of function mutations in healthy hum... | Many healthy individuals carry loss of function mutations in essential genes that would normally be deleterious for survival . Intriguingly , it may be the presence of the genomic lesion itself in these individuals that triggers the compensatory pathways . It is not known how widespread this phenomenon is in vertebrate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"fish",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"morpholino",
"rna",
"interference",
"skeletal",
"muscles",
"messenger",
"rna",
"vertebrates",
"nucleotides",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"untranslated",
... | 2018 | Genetic compensation triggered by actin mutation prevents the muscle damage caused by loss of actin protein |
Currently , our knowledge of how pathogenic fungi grow in mammalian host environments is limited . Using a chemotherapeutic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis ( IPA ) and 1H-NMR metabolomics , we detected ethanol in the lungs of mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus . This result suggests that A . fumi... | Metabolic flexibility is important for human pathogens like Aspergillus fumigatus as it allows adaptation to dynamic infection induced microenvironments . Consequently , identification of fungal metabolic pathways critical for in vivo growth may uncover novel virulence mechanisms and new therapeutic opportunities . To ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mycology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2011 | In vivo Hypoxia and a Fungal Alcohol Dehydrogenase Influence the Pathogenesis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis |
It is generally accepted that neuroendocrine cells regulate dense core vesicle ( DCV ) biogenesis and cargo packaging in response to secretory demands , although the molecular mechanisms of this process are poorly understood . One factor that has previously been implicated in DCV regulation is IA-2 , a catalytically in... | Within secretory cells , hormones are packaged into vesicles ( called DCVs ) that are released upon stimulation . The number of DCVs is regulated to meet the secretory demands of the cell by a mechanism that is poorly understood , although a protein in the membrane of DCVs , called IA-2 , is thought to play a role . A ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"developmental",
"biology",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology",
"cell",
"biology/neuronal",
"signaling",
"mechanisms"
] | 2009 | Loss of the Transcriptional Repressor PAG-3/Gfi-1 Results in Enhanced Neurosecretion that is Dependent on the Dense-Core Vesicle Membrane Protein IDA-1/IA-2 |
Japanese encephalitis ( JE ) is a global public health issue that has spread widely to more than 20 countries in Asia and has extended its geographic range to the south Pacific region including Australia . JE has become the most important cause of viral encephalitis in the world . Japanese encephalitis viruses ( JEV ) ... | Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV ) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes Japanese encephalitis ( JE ) with significant morbidity and mortality . Five genotypes ( genotype I–V ) have been identified based on the nucleotide sequence of viral envelope ( E ) gene of JEV . To date , the only known strain of genotype V is M... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Genotype V Japanese Encephalitis Virus Is Emerging |
The interplay between excitatory and inhibitory neurons imparts rich functions of the brain . To understand the synaptic mechanisms underlying neuronal computations , a fundamental approach is to study the dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs of each neuron . The traditional method of determining input... | To understand synaptic mechanisms underlying neuronal computations , a fundamental approach is to use voltage clamp to measure the dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory input conductances . Due to the space clamp effect , the measured conductance in general deviates from the local input conductance on the dendrites , h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"neuronal",
"dendrites",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",... | 2019 | Determination of effective synaptic conductances using somatic voltage clamp |
Blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma cause schistosomiasis—a neglected tropical disease ( NTD ) that affects more than 200 million people worldwide . Studies of schistosome genomes have improved our understanding of the molecular biology of flatworms , but most of them have focused largely on protein-coding genes . Sm... | Human schistosomiasis is a chronic , neglected tropical disease ( NTD ) that is predominantly caused by the blood flukes Schistosoma haematobium , S . mansoni and S . japonicum . Infections by S . haematobium and/or S . mansoni are highly prevalent in Africa , affecting ~ 200 million people . The decoding of schistosom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"helminths",
"gene",
"regulation",
"animals",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"micrornas",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"rna",
"sequencing",
"research",
"and",
... | 2018 | The small RNA complement of adult Schistosoma haematobium |
During cell division , segregation of sister chromatids to daughter cells is achieved by the poleward pulling force of microtubules , which attach to the chromatids by means of a multiprotein complex , the kinetochore . Kinetochores assemble at the centromeric DNA organized by specialized centromeric nucleosomes . In c... | During cell division , replicated DNA molecules are pulled to daughter cells by microtubules , which originate at the spindle poles and attach to a multiprotein complex , the kinetochore . The kinetochore assembles at a special region of the chromosome , termed the centromere . The kinetochore is comprised of more than... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"centromeres",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Histone H3 Localizes to the Centromeric DNA in Budding Yeast |
In addition to the DNA contributed by sperm and oocytes , embryos receive parent-specific epigenetic information that can include histone variants , histone post-translational modifications ( PTMs ) , and DNA methylation . However , a global view of how such marks are erased or retained during gamete formation and repr... | Successful reproduction depends upon the receipt and processing of distinct chromatin packages from sperm and oocytes . This includes not only a unique complement of DNA , but information in the form of proteins , such as histones , that differentially package the DNA in each cell type . For example , histone variants ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"proteomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"
] | 2014 | The Specification and Global Reprogramming of Histone Epigenetic Marks during Gamete Formation and Early Embryo Development in C. elegans |
Flexible or innovative behavior is advantageous , especially when animals are exposed to frequent and unpredictable environmental perturbations . Improved cognitive abilities can help animals to respond quickly and adequately to environmental dynamics , and therefore changing environments may select for higher cognitiv... | Animals with higher cognitive abilities should be better capable of producing new , modified , or innovative behaviors as this ability could allow them to cope better with unpredictable environmental changes . Changing environments may hence select for higher cognitive abilities . Similarly , changing conditions during... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/animal",
"behavior"
] | 2010 | Environmental Change Enhances Cognitive Abilities in Fish |
Numerous biomolecular interactions involve unstructured protein regions , but how to exploit such interactions to enhance the affinity of a lead molecule in the context of rational drug design remains uncertain . Here clarification was sought for cases where interactions of different ligands with the same disordered pr... | Life as we know it depends on interactions between proteins . There is substantial evidence that many interactions between proteins involve very flexible protein regions . These disordered regions may undergo disorder/order transitions upon forming an interaction with another protein . Many successful approaches to med... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Elucidation of Ligand-Dependent Modulation of Disorder-Order Transitions in the Oncoprotein MDM2 |
Centromeres are specialized chromatin regions marked by the presence of nucleosomes containing the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A , which is essential for chromosome segregation . Assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes is intimately linked to DNA topology , and DNA topoisomerases have previously been im... | Centromeres are unique regions on eukaryotic chromosomes that are essential for chromosome segregation at mitosis and meiosis . Centromere identity and function depends on the presence of specialized chromatin with nucleosomes containing the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A . Assembly and disassembly of nu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"chromatin",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | DNA Topoisomerase III Localizes to Centromeres and Affects Centromeric CENP-A Levels in Fission Yeast |
Efficient infection control requires potent T-cell responses at sites of pathogen replication . However , the regulation of T-cell effector function in situ remains poorly understood . Here , we show key differences in the regulation of effector activity between CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells during skin infection with HSV-1 . ... | HSV-1 is a widely distributed pathogen causing a life-long latent infection associated with periodic bouts of reactivation and severe clinical complications . Adaptive immune responses encompassing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activities are key to both the clearance of infectious virus and the control of latent infection . Ho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"herpes",
"simplex",
"immune",
"activation",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"immunology",
"skin",
"infections",
"sexually",
... | 2014 | Distinct APC Subtypes Drive Spatially Segregated CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Effector Activity during Skin Infection with HSV-1 |
Planar cell polarity ( PCP ) signaling controls the global orientation of surface structures , such as hairs and bristles , in both vertebrates and invertebrates . In Frizzled6-/- ( Fz6-/- ) mice , hair follicle orientations on the head and back are nearly random at birth , but reorient during early postnatal developme... | Hair , feather , and scale patterns are a universal feature of vertebrate surface morphology . These patterns are under precise genetic control as seen by their species-specificity and by their alterations in different breeds of domesticated animals . The first clues to the mechanism of hair patterning in mammals came ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Identification of Astrotactin2 as a Genetic Modifier That Regulates the Global Orientation of Mammalian Hair Follicles |
We have developed a new approach to characterize allele-specific timing of DNA replication genome-wide in human primary basophilic erythroblasts . We show that the two chromosome homologs replicate at the same time in about 88% of the genome and that large structural variants are preferentially associated with asynchro... | DNA replication in mammalian cells proceeds according to a distinct order . Genes that are expressed tend to replicate before genes that are not expressed . We report here that we have developed a method to measure the timing of replication of the maternal and paternal chromosomes separately . We found that the paterna... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"functional",
"genomics",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"genomic",
"imprinting",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"genomics",
"... | 2014 | Allele-Specific Genome-wide Profiling in Human Primary Erythroblasts Reveal Replication Program Organization |
Currently , malaria rapid diagnostic tests ( RDTs ) are widely used for malaria diagnosis , but test performance and the factors that lead to failure of Plasmodium ovale detection are not well understood . In this study , three pLDH-based RDTs were evaluated using cases in China that originated in Africa . The sensitiv... | Plasmodium ovale ( P . ovale ) are under-estimated and overshadowed by other malaria parasites in tropical countries , which can cause chronic infections that last from months to years . The chronic infection caused by P . ovale should be of concern in the context of the long-term goal of eliminating malaria . Rapid di... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"plasmodium",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"pulmonology",
"parasitology",
"parasitemia",
"apicomplexa",
"protozoans",... | 2019 | Assessment of false negative rates of lactate dehydrogenase-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium ovale detection |
Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive , spore-forming anaerobic bacterium that infects the colon , causing symptoms ranging from infectious diarrhea to fulminant colitis . In the last decade , the number of C . difficile infections has dramatically risen , making it the leading cause of reported hospital acquired in... | Clostridium difficile is a pathogenic bacterium that infects the colon and is the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in the United States . C . difficile mediated disease is driven by the production of two toxins , TcdA and TcdB . The toxins cause severe damage to the intestinal epithelial layer of the colon resultin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"heme",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gut",
"bacteria",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"microbiology",
"operons",
"toxicology",
"animal",
"models",
"toxicity",
"model",
"organisms",
"gastroenterology",
"a... | 2018 | Heme sensing and detoxification by HatRT contributes to pathogenesis during Clostridium difficile infection |
Ocular dominance plasticity is a well-documented phenomenon allowing us to study properties of cortical maturation . Understanding this maturation might be an important step towards unravelling how cortical circuits function . However , it is still not fully understood which mechanisms are responsible for the opening a... | During the development of the brain , visual cortex has a period of increased plasticity . Closing one eye for multiple days during this period can have a profound and life-long impact on neuronal responses . A well-established hypothesis is that the absolute level of inhibition regulates this period . In light of rece... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"nervous",
"system",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"synaptic",
"plasticity",
"vision",
"eyes",
"neuronal",
"plasticity",
"mood",
"disorders",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"comp... | 2019 | Synaptic plasticity onto inhibitory neurons as a mechanism for ocular dominance plasticity |
Murray Valley encephalitis virus ( MVEV ) is the most serious of the endemic arboviruses in Australia . It was responsible for six known large outbreaks of encephalitis in south-eastern Australia in the 1900s , with the last comprising 58 cases in 1974 . Since then MVEV clinical cases have been largely confined to the ... | An outbreak of Murray Valley encephalitis with 17 confirmed cases occurred across Australia in 2011 . This outbreak involved parts of Australia where cases had not occurred for many decades . The epidemiology in this outbreak reflects a change that has occurred over the past 15 years , with more non-Aboriginal cases , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"mosquitoes",
"zoonoses",
"disease",
"ecology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"arboviral",
"infections",
"vectors",
"and",
"hosts",
"public",
"health"
] | 2014 | The Changing Epidemiology of Murray Valley Encephalitis in Australia: The 2011 Outbreak and a Review of the Literature |
Comparison of elastic network model predictions with experimental data has provided important insights on the dominant role of the network of inter-residue contacts in defining the global dynamics of proteins . Most of these studies have focused on interpreting the mean-square fluctuations of residues , or deriving the... | As more protein structures are solved , we are able to perform a more critical assessment of the relationship between protein structure and dynamics , and to gain a deeper understanding of the major determinants of structural dynamics . Here we perform a systematic study on a set of proteins structurally determined by ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Using Entropy Maximization to Understand the Determinants of Structural Dynamics beyond Native Contact Topology |
Modulation is essential for adjusting neurons to prevailing conditions and differing demands . Yet understanding how modulators adjust neuronal properties to alter information processing remains unclear , as is the impact of neuromodulation on energy consumption . Here we combine two computational models , one Hodgkin-... | The properties of neurons and neural circuits can be adjusted by neuromodulators , molecules that alter their ability to respond to future activity . Many neuromodulators target voltage-dependent ion channels , molecular components of cell membranes that influence the electrical activity of neurons . Because of their i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"signal",
"processing",
"membrane",
"potential",
"social",
"sciences",
"light",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"a... | 2018 | Modulation of voltage-dependent K+ conductances in photoreceptors trades off investment in contrast gain for bandwidth |
Numerous studies are currently underway to characterize the microbial communities inhabiting our world . These studies aim to dramatically expand our understanding of the microbial biosphere and , more importantly , hope to reveal the secrets of the complex symbiotic relationship between us and our commensal bacterial ... | The emerging field of metagenomics aims to understand the structure and function of microbial communities solely through DNA analysis . Current metagenomics studies comparing communities resemble large-scale clinical trials with multiple subjects from two general populations ( e . g . sick and healthy ) . To improve an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/metagenomics"
] | 2009 | Statistical Methods for Detecting Differentially Abundant Features in Clinical Metagenomic Samples |
Loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 and Parkin cause parkinsonism in humans and mitochondrial dysfunction in model organisms . Parkin is selectively recruited from the cytosol to damaged mitochondria to trigger their autophagy . How Parkin recognizes damaged mitochondria , however , is unknown . Here , we show that exp... | Mutations in the PINK1 or Parkin genes lead to an inherited form of Parkinson disease . Understanding how the products of these genes work may give us insights into what goes wrong in these patients and in Parkinson disease more generally . Previous studies in flies and mice , and in human cells suggest that PINK1 and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"cell",
"biology",
"neurological",
"disorders/movement",
"disorders",
"neuroscience/neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration"
] | 2010 | PINK1 Is Selectively Stabilized on Impaired Mitochondria to Activate Parkin |
Cutaneous Leishmania major has affected many travelers including military personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan . Optimal treatment for this localized infection has not been defined , but interestingly the parasite is thermosensitive . Participants with parasitologically confirmed L . major infection were randomized to rec... | Cutaneous leishmaniasis , a parasitic skin infection transmitted by the bite of a sand fly , can result in chronic skin sores and is estimated to affect more than 1 . 5 million persons worldwide . While the infection generally heals on its own in months to years , treatment can be expensive and difficult . We compared ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | A Randomized Controlled Trial of Local Heat Therapy Versus Intravenous Sodium Stibogluconate for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmania major Infection |
Digestion of blood in the midgut of Aedes aegypti results in the release of pro-oxidant molecules that can be toxic to the mosquito . We hypothesized that after a blood meal , the antioxidant capacity of the midgut is increased to protect cells against oxidative stress . Concomitantly , pathogens present in the blood i... | Mosquitoes ingest large amounts of blood , a rich and abundant source of energy to sustain egg production . Blood digestion offers challenges to the insect , like managing high concentrations of heme and iron , pro-oxidant and potentially toxic molecules derived from hemoglobin . Mosquitoes and other blood-feeding arth... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"rna",
"interference",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"epigenetics",
"insect",
"vecto... | 2017 | Catalase protects Aedes aegypti from oxidative stress and increases midgut infection prevalence of Dengue but not Zika |
Licensed human papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccines provide near complete protection against the types of HPV that most commonly cause anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers ( HPV 16 and 18 ) when administered to individuals naive to these types . These vaccines , like most other prophylactic vaccines , appear to protect by g... | There is an urgent need to better understand how to reliably generate effective vaccines , particularly subunit vaccines , as certain pathogens are considered to pose too great of a safety risk to be developed as live , attenuated or killed vaccines ( e . g . , HIV-1 ) . The human papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccines are tw... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"humoral",
"immunity",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"vaccines",
"infectious",
"disease",
"immunology",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"class",
"switching",
"vaccination",
"and",
"immunization",
"anti... | 2014 | Characteristics of Memory B Cells Elicited by a Highly Efficacious HPV Vaccine in Subjects with No Pre-existing Immunity |
The snake Bothrops atrox is responsible for the majority of envenomings in the northern region of South America . Severe local effects , including hemorrhage , which are mainly caused by snake venom metalloproteinases ( SVMPs ) , are not fully neutralized by conventional serum therapy . Little is known about the immuno... | In this work , we propose a new screening strategy to produce monoclonal antibodies against Atr-I , a P-I class SVMP from Bothrops atrox , which is the snake responsible for the majority of the accidents in South America . SVMPs are the main toxic factors in Bothrops venom causing systemic and local hemorrhage , which ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"humoral",
"immunity",
"biochemistry",
"immunochemistry",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"immunity",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"vaccination",
"and",
"immunization",
"immunotherapy"
] | 2014 | Use of a Synthetic Biosensor for Neutralizing Activity-Biased Selection of Monoclonal Antibodies against Atroxlysin-I, an Hemorrhagic Metalloproteinase from Bothrops atrox Snake Venom |
Prolific sheep have proven to be a valuable model to identify genes and mutations implicated in female fertility . In the Lacaune sheep breed , large variation in litter size is genetically determined by the segregation of a fecundity major gene influencing ovulation rate , named FecL and its prolific allele FecLL . Ou... | Prolific sheep have proven to be a valuable model to identify genes and mutations implicated in ovarian function and female fertility . Indeed , fecundity genes of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein ( BMP ) family discovered in sheep was evidenced as genetic candidates to explain female infertility pathologies . Studying F... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | The Highly Prolific Phenotype of Lacaune Sheep Is Associated with an Ectopic Expression of the B4GALNT2 Gene within the Ovary |
Dengue vaccines will soon provide a new tool for reducing dengue disease , but the effectiveness of widespread vaccination campaigns has not yet been determined . We developed an agent-based dengue model representing movement of and transmission dynamics among people and mosquitoes in Yucatán , Mexico , and simulated v... | Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted viral disease that is common throughout the tropics . Despite a long history in humans and extensive efforts to control dengue transmission in many countries , the number , severity , and geographic range of reported cases is increasing . Most control efforts have focused on controlling... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
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"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"north",
"america",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"vaccination",
"and",
"im... | 2016 | Projected Impact of Dengue Vaccination in Yucatán, Mexico |
Global warming and ocean acidification are forecast to exert significant impacts on marine ecosystems worldwide . However , most of these projections are based on ecological proxies or experiments on single species or simplified food webs . How energy fluxes are likely to change in marine food webs in response to futur... | Healthy marine ecosystems are crucial for people’s livelihoods and food production . Global climate stressors , such as warming and ocean acidification , can drastically impact the structure and function of marine food webs , diminishing the production of goods and services . Our ability to predict how future food webs... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
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] | [
"energy",
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"herbivory",
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"ecological",
... | 2018 | Climate change could drive marine food web collapse through altered trophic flows and cyanobacterial proliferation |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis heparin-binding hemagglutinin ( HBHA ) , a virulence factor involved in extrapulmonary dissemination and a strong diagnostic antigen against tuberculosis , is both surface-associated and secreted . The role of HBHA in macrophages during M . tuberculosis infection , however , is less well know... | Cell death is a common outcome during infection with a number of pathogenic microorganisms . Therefore , defining the factors responsible for killing of host cells is important to uncovering mechanisms of pathogenesis . World-wide , two billon people are latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis , which is stil... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
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] | [
"medicine",
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"infectious",
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"mycobacterium",
"immunity",
"innate",
"immunity",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Targeting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin to Mitochondria in Macrophages |
Many studies have presented virus sequences which suggest the existence of a variety of putative new phleboviruses transmitted by sandflies in the Old World . However , in most of these studies , only partial sequences in the polymerase or the nucleoprotein genes were characterised . Therefore to further our understand... | We provide evidence that sandfly-borne phleboviruses belonging to 3 distinct genetic and phylogenetic groups ( Sandfly fever Naples virus [SFNV] , Sandfly fever Sicilian virus [SFSV] , and Salehabad virus [SALV] ) co-circulate in Adana city , in Mediterranean Turkey . While Adana virus was recently described as a new m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
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] | [
"turkey",
"(country)",
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"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"sand",
"flies",
"gene",
"pool",
"viruses",
"sig... | 2016 | Sandfly-Borne Phlebovirus Isolations from Turkey: New Insight into the Sandfly fever Sicilian and Sandfly fever Naples Species |
Agents living in volatile environments must be able to detect changes in contingencies while refraining to adapt to unexpected events that are caused by noise . In Reinforcement Learning ( RL ) frameworks , this requires learning rates that adapt to past reliability of the model . The observation that behavioural flexi... | In stable contexts , animals and humans exhibit automatic behaviour that allows them to make fast decisions . However , these automatic processes exhibit a lack of flexibility when environmental contingencies change . In the present paper , we propose a model of behavioural automatization that is based on adaptive forg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2019 | Learning and forgetting using reinforced Bayesian change detection |
This paper presents the development of an agent-based model ( ABM ) to incorporate climatic drivers which affect tsetse fly ( G . m . morsitans ) population dynamics , and ultimately disease transmission . The model was used to gain a greater understanding of how tsetse populations fluctuate seasonally , and investigat... | African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease which affects humans and other animals in 36 sub-Saharan African countries . The disease is transmitted by the tsetse fly , and the human form of the diseases is known as sleeping sickness . In an attempt to improve our understanding of the mechanisms which contribute to s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"invertebrates",
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"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
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"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"mammals",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"glossina",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeli... | 2018 | An agent-based model of tsetse fly response to seasonal climatic drivers: Assessing the impact on sleeping sickness transmission rates |
What is the mechanism through which transcription factors ( TFs ) assemble specifically along the enhancer DNA ? The IFN-β enhanceosome provides a good model system: it is small; its components' crystal structures are available; and there are biochemical and cellular data . In the IFN-β enhanceosome , there are few pro... | An enhanceosome is a functional unit that consists of DNA segment called enhancer; its transcription factors ( TFs ) ; and their interacting cofactors . To function , the TFs must assemble on their corresponding response elements ( REs ) cooperatively . Understanding how TFs assemble is important because the TF combina... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | The Role of Response Elements Organization in Transcription Factor Selectivity: The IFN-β Enhanceosome Example |
Family with sequence similarity 20 , -member C ( FAM20C ) is highly expressed in the mineralized tissues of mammals . Genetic studies showed that the loss-of-function mutations in FAM20C were associated with human lethal osteosclerotic bone dysplasia ( Raine Syndrome ) , implying an inhibitory role of this molecule in ... | A recent study demonstrated that the inactivating mutations in the FAM20C gene were associated with lethal osteosclerotic bone dysplasia characterized by a generalized hardening of all bones; this observation implied an inhibitory role of FAM20C during bone formation . However , in vitro studies revealed a contradictor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"musculoskeletal",
"system",
"bone",
"physiology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Inactivation of a Novel FGF23 Regulator, FAM20C, Leads to Hypophosphatemic Rickets in Mice |
Infectious disease is a leading threat to public health , economic stability , and other key social structures . Efforts to mitigate these impacts depend on accurate and timely monitoring to measure the risk and progress of disease . Traditional , biologically-focused monitoring techniques are accurate but costly and s... | Even in developed countries , infectious disease has significant impact; for example , flu seasons in the United States take between 3 , 000 and 49 , 000 lives . Disease surveillance , traditionally based on patient visits to health providers and laboratory tests , can reduce these impacts . Motivated by cost and timel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
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"computer",
"and",
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"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"computer",
"modeling",
"nature-society",
"interactions",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
... | 2014 | Global Disease Monitoring and Forecasting with Wikipedia |
Face cleanliness is a core component of the SAFE ( Surgery , Antibiotics , Facial cleanliness , and Environmental improvements ) strategy for trachoma control . Understanding knowledge , attitudes , and behaviors related to face washing may be helpful for designing effective interventions for improving facial cleanline... | Facial cleanliness is a core component of the SAFE ( Surgery , Antibiotics , Facial cleanliness , and Environmental improvements ) strategy for trachoma control . We conducted a mixed methods study in a trachoma hyperendemic region of rural Ethiopia to better understand knowledge , attitudes , and behaviors related to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
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"medicine",
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"locations",
"cell",
"phones",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"eye",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",... | 2016 | ‘If an Eye Is Washed Properly, It Means It Would See Clearly’: A Mixed Methods Study of Face Washing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors in Rural Ethiopia |
Somatic copy number variations ( CNVs ) play a crucial role in development of many human cancers . The broad availability of next-generation sequencing data has enabled the development of algorithms to computationally infer CNV profiles from a variety of data types including exome and targeted sequence data; currently ... | We present Bamgineer , a software program to introduce user-defined , haplotype-specific copy number variants ( CNVs ) at any frequency into standard Binary Alignment Mapping ( BAM ) files . Copy number gains are simulated by introducing new DNA sequencing read pairs sampled from existing reads and modified to contain ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
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"and",
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] | [
"sequencing",
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"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"genome",
"complexity",
"se... | 2018 | Bamgineer: Introduction of simulated allele-specific copy number variants into exome and targeted sequence data sets |
Andes virus ( ANDV ) is a human-pathogenic hantavirus . Hantaviruses presumably initiate their mRNA synthesis by using cap structures derived from host cell mRNAs , a mechanism called cap-snatching . A signature for a cap-snatching endonuclease is present in the N terminus of hantavirus L proteins . In this study , we ... | Hantaviruses may cause severe disease in humans , either hemorrhagic fever or cardiopulmonary syndrome . Both conditions are associated with high lethality . Vaccines and effective treatments approved for application in humans are not available . The L protein plays a central role in hantavirus replication and represen... | [
"Abstract",
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] | [
"medicine",
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"orthomyxoviruses",
"viruses",
"organisms",
"hantavirus",
"monomers",
"... | 2016 | Atomic Structure and Biochemical Characterization of an RNA Endonuclease in the N Terminus of Andes Virus L Protein |
Elucidating virus-host interactions responsible for HIV-1 transmission is important for advancing HIV-1 prevention strategies . To this end , single genome amplification ( SGA ) and sequencing of HIV-1 within the context of a model of random virus evolution has made possible for the first time an unambiguous identifica... | Understanding the biology of sexual transmission of HIV-1 could contribute importantly to the development of effective prevention measures . However , different routes of virus transmission ( vaginal , rectal , penile or oral ) and inaccessibility of tissues at or near the time of virus transmission make this goal elus... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
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] | [
"virology/virus",
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"and",
"aids",
"virology/immune",
"evasion",
"infectious",
"d... | 2010 | High Multiplicity Infection by HIV-1 in Men Who Have Sex with Men |
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