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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Missing data are an unavoidable component of modern statistical genetics . Different array or sequencing technologies cover different single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) , leading to a complicated mosaic pattern of missingness where both individual genotypes and entire SNPs are sporadically absent . Such missing d... | Genetic research has been focused at analysis of datapoints that are assumed to be deterministically known . However , the majority of current , high throughput data is only probabilistically known , and proper methods for handing such uncertain genotypes are limited . Here , we build on existing theory from the field ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"population",
"genetics",
"alleles",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"probability",
"distribution",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
... | 2016 | Bias Characterization in Probabilistic Genotype Data and Improved Signal Detection with Multiple Imputation |
Characterization of the evolutionary constraints acting on cis-regulatory sequences is crucial to comparative genomics and provides key insights on the evolution of organismal diversity . We study the relationships among orthologous cis-regulatory modules ( CRMs ) in 12 Drosophila species , especially with respect to t... | The spatial–temporal expression pattern of a gene , which is crucial to its function , is controlled by cis-regulatory DNA sequences . Forming the basic units of regulatory sequences are transcription factor binding sites , often organized into larger modules that determine gene expression in response to combinatorial ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"evolutionary",
"biology/pattern",
"formation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"... | 2009 | Evolution of Regulatory Sequences in 12 Drosophila Species |
Melioidosis is an infectious disease that is transmitted mainly through contact with contaminated soil or water , and exhibits marked seasonality in most settings , including Southeast Asia . In this study , we used mathematical modelling to examine the impacts of such demographic changes on melioidosis incidence , and... | Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei , which exhibits marked seasonality in most settings where it occurs , such as Southeast Asia and Northern Australia . Most of the population at risk of contracting melioidosis lives in rural areas; particularly at risk ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"melioidosis",
"population",
"dynamics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"age",
"groups",
"endocrine",
"disorders",
"population",
"biology",
"public",
"and",
"occupa... | 2019 | Modelling population dynamics and seasonal movement to assess and predict the burden of melioidosis |
The human sex chromosomes differ in sequence , except for the pseudoautosomal regions ( PAR ) at the terminus of the short and the long arms , denoted as PAR1 and PAR2 . The boundary between PAR1 and the unique X and Y sequences was established during the divergence of the great apes . During a copy number variation sc... | The human sex chromosomes differ in sequence , except for homologous sequences at both ends , termed the pseudoautosomal regions ( PAR1 and PAR2 ) . PAR enables the pairing of chromosomes Y and X during meiosis . The PARs are located at the termini of respectively the short and long arms of chromosomes X and Y . The ob... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"clinical",
"genetics"
] | 2014 | Pseudoautosomal Region 1 Length Polymorphism in the Human Population |
The voltage sensitivity of voltage-gated cation channels is primarily attributed to conformational changes of a four transmembrane segment voltage-sensing domain , conserved across many levels of biological complexity . We have identified a remarkable point mutation that confers significant voltage dependence to Kir6 .... | Ion channels are proteins that regulate the transfer of ions across the cell membrane . The ions travel via a pore formed by the different subunits that constitute the channels , and this pore can be gated by changes in the electrical field across cell membranes . The canonical mechanism underlying voltage dependence o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/chemical",
"biology",
"of",
"the",
"cell",
"biophysics/biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"biophysics/membrane",
"proteins",
"and",
"energy",
"transduction",
"chemical",
"biology/macromolecular",
"chemistry",
"biochemistry/membrane",
"proteins",
"and",
"energ... | 2010 | Voltage-Dependent Gating in a “Voltage Sensor-Less” Ion Channel |
Skeletal dysplasias are a common , genetically heterogeneous cause of short stature that can result from disruptions in many cellular processes . We report the identification of the lesion responsible for skeletal dysplasia and male infertility in the spontaneous , recessive mouse mutant chagun . We determined that Poc... | Severe short stature in humans has many causes including defects in skeletal and hormonal growth regulation . Primordial dwarfisms are congenital growth defects that involve mutations in genes for DNA repair , DNA replication , splicing of U12 introns , and centrosome dynamics . We discovered that the spontaneous , dwa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | LINE-1 Mediated Insertion into Poc1a (Protein of Centriole 1 A) Causes Growth Insufficiency and Male Infertility in Mice |
Entry of herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) into a target cell requires complex interactions and conformational changes by viral glycoproteins gD , gH/gL , and gB . During viral entry , gB transitions from a prefusion to a postfusion conformation , driving fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane . While the ... | Viral fusion proteins undergo complicated conformational changes in order to fuse viral and host membranes during viral entry . Conformational changes between prefusion and postfusion states also allow the virus to hide critical regions of the fusion machinery from the immune system . The structure of herpes simplex vi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viral",
"envelope",
"viral",
"entry",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"virology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure"
] | 2014 | Functional Fluorescent Protein Insertions in Herpes Simplex Virus gB Report on gB Conformation before and after Execution of Membrane Fusion |
Adult T-cell Leukemia ( ATL ) is a lymphoproliferative disease of CD4+ T-cells infected with Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type I ( HTLV-1 ) . With the exception of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation , there are no effective treatments to cure ATL , and ATL cells often acquire resistance to conventional c... | Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type I ( HTLV-1 ) infection causes a fatal form of leukemia known as Adult T-cell Leukemia ( ATL ) . Given that most current anti-cancer drugs fail to eradicate the leukemic cells in ATL patients , novel treatment strategies are required . One approach is to target functions of one of the pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"heme",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"hela",
"cells",
"oxidative",
"stress",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
... | 2019 | HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor protects cells from oxidative stress by upregulating expression of Heme Oxygenase I |
Heterotrimeric G-proteins are molecular switches integral to a panoply of different physiological responses that many organisms make to environmental cues . The switch from inactive to active Gαβγ heterotrimer relies on nucleotide cycling by the Gα subunit: exchange of GTP for GDP activates Gα , whereas its intrinsic e... | Heterotrimeric G-proteins function as molecular switches to convey cellular signals . When a G-protein coupled receptor encounters its ligand at the cellular membrane , it catalyzes guanine nucleotide exchange on the Gα subunit , resulting in a shift from an inactive to an active conformation . G-protein signaling path... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"mycology",
"proteins",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | A P-loop Mutation in Gα Subunits Prevents Transition to the Active State: Implications for G-protein Signaling in Fungal Pathogenesis |
To evaluate antigen-specific immune responses for leprosy diagnosis in a hyperendemic area in China . Eighty-three leprosy patients and 161 non-leprosy controls were enrolled from Hani-yi Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe , Yunnan Province , China . Leprosy patients were divided into multibacillary ( MB , n = 38 ) , pauc... | Although the implementation of World Health Organization ( WHO ) multidrug therapy ( MDT ) treatment has drastically reduced the number of registered leprosy cases , new case detection rates have stabilized over the last decade , and leprosy remains an important health problem in many regions . Antigen-specific immune ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biomarkers",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"bacteria",
"research",
"and",... | 2018 | Evaluation of antigen-specific immune responses for leprosy diagnosis in a hyperendemic area in China |
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies ( TSEs ) are caused by the prion , which consists essentially of PrPSc , an aggregated , conformationally modified form of the cellular prion protein ( PrPC ) . Although TSEs can be experimentally transmitted by intracerebral inoculation , most instances of infection in the fie... | Prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies ( TSEs ) are incurable brain diseases caused by conformational changes in the endogenous prion protein . Prions can be transmitted through contaminated food , surgical instruments and blood . Transmission of prions has caused the kuru epidemic in humans and bo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"group-specific",
"staining",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animal",
"diseases",
"nervous",
"system",
"hematoxylin",
"staining",
"enzymes",
"blood-brain",
"barrier",
"enzymology",
"fluorophotometry",
"animal",
"prion",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"con... | 2018 | Prion pathogenesis is unaltered in a mouse strain with a permeable blood-brain barrier |
The molecular makeup of the offspring of a dividing cell gradually becomes phenotypically decorrelated from the parent cell by noise and regulatory mechanisms that amplify phenotypic heterogeneity . Such regulatory mechanisms form networks that contain thresholds between phenotypes . Populations of cells can be poised ... | One of the most important characteristics of a cell is whether it is growing . Actively growing cells can multiply exponentially . In the case of infections and cancer , growth causes problems for the host organism . On the other hand , cells that have stopped growing can allocate cellular resources toward different ac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"disaccharides",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"carbohydrates",
... | 2018 | Lineage space and the propensity of bacterial cells to undergo growth transitions |
Bacterial pathogens causing systemic disease commonly evolve from organisms associated with localized infections but differ from their close relatives in their ability to overcome mucosal barriers by mechanisms that remain incompletely understood . Here we investigated whether acquisition of a regulatory gene , tviA , ... | Some bacterial species contain pathogenic strains that are closely related genetically , but cause diseases that differ dramatically in their clinical presentation . One such species is Salmonella enterica , which contains non-typhoidal serotypes associated with a localized gastroenteritis and serotype Typhi ( S . Typh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/gastrointestinal",
"infections"
] | 2010 | A Rapid Change in Virulence Gene Expression during the Transition from the Intestinal Lumen into Tissue Promotes Systemic Dissemination of Salmonella |
Tissue-resident memory T cells are required for establishing protective immunity against a variety of different pathogens , although the mechanisms mediating protection by CD4+ resident memory T cells are still being defined . In this study we addressed this issue with a population of protective skin-resident , IFNγ-pr... | Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease , causing significant worldwide morbidity . There is no vaccine for this infection , in part because of our limited understanding of the memory T cells that might contribute to immunity . We previously discovered that a population of skin-resident memory CD4+ T ce... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"plastic",
"surgery",
"and",
"reconstructive",
"techniques",
"ears",
"immunology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"surgical",... | 2017 | Skin-resident CD4+ T cells protect against Leishmania major by recruiting and activating inflammatory monocytes |
Meiotic chromosome segregation relies on homologous chromosomes being linked by at least one crossover , the obligate crossover . Homolog pairing , synapsis and meiosis specific DNA repair mechanisms are required for crossovers but how they are coordinated to promote the obligate crossover is not well understood . PCH-... | The production of sperm and eggs for sexual reproduction depends on meiosis . During this specialized cell division , homologous chromosomes are linked by at least one crossover recombination event , or chiasma , to promote their proper segregation . How events in meiotic prophase are coordinated to contribute to cross... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | A Quality Control Mechanism Coordinates Meiotic Prophase Events to Promote Crossover Assurance |
How is movement of individuals coordinated as a group ? This is a fundamental question of social behaviour , encompassing phenomena such as bird flocking , fish schooling , and the innumerable activities in human groups that require people to synchronise their actions . We have developed an experimental paradigm , the ... | Our article gives empirical evidence of group coordination mechanisms and basic rules of leadership that assist in leading a human group . Using a computer-based multi-client game that blocks explicit signals or other typical human information transfer , we offer a model of human group movement patterns applicable to g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"psychology",
"psychological",
"adjustment",
"behavior",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"social",
"psychology",
"social",
"sciences",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"emergence",
"evolutionary",
"processes"
] | 2014 | Leadership in Moving Human Groups |
Incentive salience is a motivational property with ‘magnet-like’ qualities . When attributed to reward-predicting stimuli ( cues ) , incentive salience triggers a pulse of ‘wanting’ and an individual is pulled toward the cues and reward . A key computational question is how incentive salience is generated during a cue ... | Reward cues are potent triggers of desires , ranging from normal appetites to compulsive addictions . Food cues may trigger a sudden desire to eat before lunch , and drug cues may trigger even a ‘recovered addict’ to relapse again into drug taking . But learned cues are not constant in their motivating power . Food cue... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuroscience/behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/neural",
"homeostasis",
"neuroscience/psychology",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | A Neural Computational Model of Incentive Salience |
Although it is known that mechanical forces are needed for normal bone development , the current understanding of how biophysical stimuli are interpreted by and integrated with genetic regulatory mechanisms is limited . Mechanical forces are thought to be mediated in cells by “mechanosensitive” genes , but it is a chal... | While mechanical forces are known to be critical to adult bone maintenance and repair , the importance of mechanobiology in embryonic bone formation is less widely accepted . The influence of mechanical forces on cells is thought to be mediated by “mechanosensitive genes , ” genes which respond to mechanical stimulatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"physiology/pattern",
"formation",
"developmental",
"biology/organogenesis",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression"
] | 2008 | Identification of Mechanosensitive Genes during Embryonic Bone
Formation |
Semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic ( PK-PD ) modeling is increasingly used for antimicrobial drug development and optimization of dosage regimens , but systematic simulation-estimation studies to distinguish between competing PD models are lacking . This study compared the ability of static and dynamic in... | Mathematical models are increasingly used for analysis and interpretation of in vitro efficacy results of antimicrobial drugs . Various models are employed in the scientific literature and it seems that they are equally able to describe the observed data . The aim of the present study was to compare different models in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"drugs",
"experimental",
"design",
"microbiology",
"mathematical",
"models",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"research",
"design",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"antibiot... | 2016 | Distinguishing Antimicrobial Models with Different Resistance Mechanisms via Population Pharmacodynamic Modeling |
We have developed a transcriptome-wide approach to identify genes affected by promoter CpG island DNA hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing in colorectal cancer . By screening cell lines and validating tumor-specific hypermethylation in a panel of primary human colorectal cancer samples , we estimate that near... | Loss of gene expression in association with aberrant accumulation of 5-methylcytosine in gene promoter CpG islands is a common feature of human cancer . Here , we describe a method to discover these genes that permits identification of hundreds of novel candidate cancer genes in any cancer cell line . We now estimate t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"homo",
"(human)"
] | 2007 | Comparing the DNA Hypermethylome with Gene Mutations in Human Colorectal Cancer |
Hantaan virus ( HTNV ) , a negative sense tripartite RNA virus of the Family Bunyaviridae , is the most prevalent hantavirus in the Republic of Korea ( ROK ) . It is the causative agent of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ( HFRS ) in humans and maintained in the striped field mouse , Apodemus agrarius , the primar... | Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ( HFRS ) and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ( HPS ) are endemic zoonotic infectious diseases caused by hantaviruses that belong to the Family Bunyaviridae containing negative-sense tripartite RNA genomes . Hantaviruses pose a critical emerging public health threat , with up to 200 ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"biogeography",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"with",
"renal",
"syndrome",
"phylogenetic",
"analysi... | 2016 | Genetic Diversity and Reassortment of Hantaan Virus Tripartite RNA Genomes in Nature, the Republic of Korea |
While Grenada attained a zero-human-rabies case status since 1970 , the authors conducted the first study to assess knowledge , attitudes , and practices that may contribute to this status as well as to receive feedback on the rabies control program in Grenada . A cross-sectional survey was conducted in July , 2017 wit... | About 62% of households in Grenada owned animals that are susceptible to rabies . Pets , particularly dogs , were more commonly owned than livestock . Males were more likely to correctly identify animals that are susceptible to rabies . The level of participation in the animal vaccination program was low , especially a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Method",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"education",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"microbiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"sociology",
"animals",
"m... | 2019 | Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding rabies in Grenada |
Mayaro virus ( MAYV ) is an emerging , mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes a dengue-like illness in many regions of South America , and which has the potential to urbanize . Because no specific treatment or vaccine is available for MAYV infection , we capitalized on an IRES-based approach to develop a live-attenuated... | Mayaro virus ( MAYV ) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes severe and sometimes chronic arthralgia in persons in South America , where it circulates in forest habitats . It is widely neglected because it is typically mistaken for dengue due to the overlap in the clinical signs and symptoms , and the lack of labor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"global",
"health",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | A Novel Live-Attenuated Vaccine Candidate for Mayaro Fever |
New strategies for collecting post-mortem tissue are necessary , particularly in areas with emerging infections . Minimally invasive autopsy ( MIA ) has been proposed as an alternative to conventional autopsy ( CA ) , with promising results . Previous studies using MIA addressed the cause of death in adults and childre... | Reliable mortality information is of paramount importance to establish sound public health policies . Autopsy is an important tool not only for determining the cause of death , but also for the detection of novel diseases . In the last decades , we have been globally identifying an unprecedented number of emerging infe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"biopsy",
"spleen",
"liver",
"diseases",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"a... | 2019 | Ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsy as a tool for rapid post-mortem diagnosis in the 2018 Sao Paulo yellow fever epidemic: Correlation with conventional autopsy |
Shaping the primordia during development relies on forces and mechanisms able to control cell segregation . In the imaginal discs of Drosophila the cellular populations that will give rise to the dorsal and ventral parts on the wing blade are segregated and do not intermingle . A cellular population that becomes specif... | During development , tissues are shaped in order to form organs with specific functionalities . This process relies on mechanisms that control cell segregation and migration . These concepts are beautifully illustrated by the morphogenetic events that the imaginal discs of Drosophila undergo during metamorphosis . In p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"tissue",
"mechanics",
"developmental",
"biology",
"pattern",
"formation",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"biomechanics"
] | 2011 | Dynamics and Mechanical Stability of the Developing Dorsoventral Organizer of the Wing Imaginal Disc |
During chronic HIV infection , viral replication is concentrated in secondary lymphoid follicles . Cytotoxic CD8 T cells control HIV replication in extrafollicular regions , but not in the follicle . Here , we show CXCR5hiCD44hiCD8 T cells are a regulatory subset differing from conventional CD8 T cells , and constitute... | HIV is a chronic infection and is never completely cleared from the body , despite successful antiretroviral therapy that reduces plasma viral loads to undetectable levels and restores CD4 T cell counts . While undetectable in plasma , HIV is able to hide in various niches throughout the body . One such niche are CD4 T... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"hiv",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"retroviruses",
"throat",
"immunodeficiency",
... | 2016 | Follicular Regulatory CD8 T Cells Impair the Germinal Center Response in SIV and Ex Vivo HIV Infection |
Mycobacterial antigens are not exclusively presented to T-cells by classical HLA-class Ia and HLA-class II molecules , but also through alternative antigen presentation molecules such as CD1a/b/c , MR1 and HLA-E . We recently described mycobacterial peptides that are presented in HLA-E and recognized by CD8+ T-cells . ... | Pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) are recognized by human T-cells following their presentation in HLA molecules . HLA class I molecules can be divided into two types , classical as well as non-classical HLA molecules . Here we studied the non-classical HLA family member , HLA-E , which displays only min... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Human CD8+ T-cells Recognizing Peptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) Presented by HLA-E Have an Unorthodox Th2-like, Multifunctional, Mtb Inhibitory Phenotype and Represent a Novel Human T-cell Subset |
Zika virus ( ZIKV ) , was widely reported in Latin America and has been associated with neuropathologies , as microcephaly , but only few seroprevalence studies have been published to date . Our objective was to determine the seroprevalence amongst Bolivian blood donors and estimate the future potential circulation of ... | Zika virus ( ZIKV ) is a virus of African origin , transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes , and related to dengue and yellow fever virus . It was originally believed to be responsible for a mild febrile illness in Africa and South-east Asia . However , in recent years , ZIKV has been responsible for outbreaks in the Pacific I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"dengue",
"virus",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"alphaviruses",
"hea... | 2018 | Zika virus epidemiology in Bolivia: A seroprevalence study in volunteer blood donors |
The recent explosion of genomic data has underscored the need for interpretable and comprehensive analyses that can capture complex phylogenetic relationships within and across species . Recombination , reassortment and horizontal gene transfer constitute examples of pervasive biological phenomena that cannot be captur... | Evolution occurs through different mechanisms , including point mutations , gene duplication , horizontal gene transfer , and recombinations . Some of these mechanisms cannot be captured by tree graphs . We present a framework , based on the mathematical tools of computational topology , that can explicitly accommodate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infographics",
"taxonomy",
"genome",
"evolution",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"mathematics",
"algebra",
"genome",
"analysis",
"dna",
"homologous",
"recombination",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"evolution",
"evolutionary"... | 2016 | Inference of Ancestral Recombination Graphs through Topological Data Analysis |
Solomon Islands is intensifying national efforts to achieve malaria elimination . A long history of indoor spraying with residual insecticides , combined recently with distribution of long lasting insecticidal nets and artemether-lumefantrine therapy , has been implemented in Solomon Islands . The impact of these inter... | Solomon Islands , an island nation in the Southwest Pacific that has seen dramatic reductions in malaria transmission over the past 20 years , is aiming for malaria elimination . There is an increasing recognition that a substantial reservoir of asymptomatic and often sub-microscopic Plasmodium spp . infections exists ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | High Rates of Asymptomatic, Sub-microscopic Plasmodium vivax Infection and Disappearing Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in an Area of Low Transmission in Solomon Islands |
The development and maintenance of polarized epithelial tissue requires a tightly controlled orientation of mitotic cell division relative to the apical polarity axis . Hepatocytes display a unique polarized architecture . We demonstrate that mitotic hepatocytes asymmetrically segregate their apical plasma membrane dom... | The development and maintenance of the polarized epithelial architecture and function of organs that form tubular “lumen” structures is important for normal physiology and , when deregulated , gives rise to disease . Recent studies have highlighted the importance of a strict coordination of the orientation of mitotic d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Par1b Induces Asymmetric Inheritance of Plasma Membrane Domains via LGN-Dependent Mitotic Spindle Orientation in Proliferating Hepatocytes |
Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains that function as platforms for signal transduction and membrane trafficking . Tyrosine kinase interacting protein ( Tip ) of T lymphotropic Herpesvirus saimiri ( HVS ) is targeted to lipid rafts in T cells and downregulates TCR and CD4 surface expression . Here , we report that the... | Herpesvirus persists in its host by entering a latent state , periodically reactivating to produce infectious viral particles . Some of the herpesviruses have also been known to be related to cancers . Herpesvirus saimiri ( HVS ) , an oncogenic monkey herpesvirus , persists in the T lymphocytes of its natural host , th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"biochemistry/cell",
"signaling",
"and",
"trafficking",
"structures",
"virology/viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"virology/immune",
"evasion"
] | 2008 | Role of Amphipathic Helix of a Herpesviral Protein in Membrane Deformation and T Cell Receptor Downregulation |
Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease and a major public health problem in many developing countries in Asia , Africa , and Latin America . Since the Bay of Bengal is considered the epicenter for the seventh cholera pandemic , it is important to understand the genetic dynamism of Vibrio cholerae from Kolkata , as a rep... | Seven cholera pandemics have been recorded throughout history , and the sixth , and presumably earlier pandemics , emerged from the Bay of Bengal . The seventh pandemic strain also appeared and spread from this area to different area of the world . Thus , the Bay of Bengal has always been considered the epicenter of ch... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"vibrio",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"phylogenetics",
"vibrio",
"cholerae",
"... | 2017 | Comparative genome analysis of VSP-II and SNPs reveals heterogenic variation in contemporary strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from cholera patients in Kolkata, India |
Dengue in Venezuela is a major public health problem with an increasing incidence of severe cases . Early diagnosis and timely treatment influences the outcome of dengue illness , as delay in care-seeking is significantly associated with complications leading to severe dengue . We aimed to understand patterns of health... | The rapid spread of dengue in the last decade has brought this disease higher in the public health agenda worldwide . Dengue is transmitted by day-biting mosquitoes and typically presents with sudden fever and flu-like symptoms . In a proportion of cases , severe disease can ensue which if not promptly treated can be l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Health Seeking Behaviour and Treatment Intentions of Dengue and Fever: A Household Survey of Children and Adults in Venezuela |
The cystic fibrosis ( CF ) lung microbiome has been studied in children and adults; however , little is known about its relationship to early disease progression . To better understand the relationship between the lung microbiome and early respiratory disease , we characterized the lower airways microbiome using bronch... | CF lung disease is characterized by persistent airway infection by complex microbial communities . These communities often consist of pathogens and endogenous microbes typically associated with the oral cavity . The development of these complex communities and their relationship to CF lung disease progression is unclea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbiome",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"pathogens",
"genetic",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"fibrosis",
"neuroscience",
"pulmonology",
"preventive... | 2018 | Initial acquisition and succession of the cystic fibrosis lung microbiome is associated with disease progression in infants and preschool children |
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . The wounds of most BU patients are colonized with different microorganisms , including Staphylococcus aureus . This study investigated possible patient-to-patient transmission events of S . aureus during wound care in a health care center . S . ... | Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . The wounds of most BU patients are colonized with different microorganisms , including Staphylococcus aureus . This study investigated patient-to-patient transmission events during wound care in a health care center . S . aureus isolates from pa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Transmitted between Patients with Buruli Ulcer |
The most severe clinical form of neurocysticercosis ( NC ) occurs when cysticerci are located in the subarachnoid space at the base of the brain ( SaB ) . The diagnosis , monitoring and treatment of NC-SaB , constitutes a severe clinical challenge . Herein we evaluate the potential of the HP10 antigen detection enzyme-... | Neurocysticercosis is one of the most frequent parasitic diseases affecting the human central nervous system . The most severe clinical forms occur when parasites are located in the subarachnoid space at the base of the brain . In these instances , cysticidal drug efficacy is reduced and neuroimaging studies are less r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"clinical",
"laboratory",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"cysticercosis",
"neurology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
... | 2013 | Neurocysticercosis: HP10 Antigen Detection Is Useful for the Follow-up of the Severe Patients |
Blastocystis is an extracellular , enteric pathogen that induces intestinal disorders in a range of hosts including humans . Recent studies have identified potential parasite virulence factors in and host responses to this parasite; however , little is known about Blastocystis-host attachment , which is crucial for col... | Since it was first described more than a century ago , the question as to whether the protistan parasite Blastocystis causes disease or is a commensal of the human gut still remains unresolved . Strain- or subtype-dependent variability in Blastocystis pathogenicity has been proposed to contribute to this controversy . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blastocystis",
"hominis",
"infection",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"gastroenterology",
"an... | 2014 | Intra-Subtype Variation in Enteroadhesion Accounts for Differences in Epithelial Barrier Disruption and Is Associated with Metronidazole Resistance in Blastocystis Subtype-7 |
Mounting evidence shows mammalian brains are probabilistic computers , but the specific cells involved remain elusive . Parallel research suggests that grid cells of the mammalian hippocampal formation are fundamental to spatial cognition but their diverse response properties still defy explanation . No plausible model... | Cells in the mammalian hippocampal formation are thought to be central for spatial learning and stable spatial representations . Of the known spatial cells , grid cells form strikingly regular and stable patterns of activity , even in darkness . Hence , grid cells may provide the universal metric upon which spatial cog... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"brain",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"mammals",
"animals",
"rna",
"stem-loop",
"structure",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"sensory",
"physiology... | 2016 | Probabilistic Learning by Rodent Grid Cells |
The nuclear pore complex ( NPC ) provides the sole aqueous conduit for macromolecular exchange between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of cells . Its diffusion conduit contains a size-selective gate formed by a family of NPC proteins that feature large , natively unfolded domains with phenylalanine–glycine repeats ( FG d... | The nuclear pore complex is a molecular filter that gates macromolecular exchange between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm of cells . It contains a size-selective diffusion barrier at its center composed of proteins named FG nucleoporins . These nucleoporins feature large , structurally disordered domains that are hig... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics/statistics",
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"dynamics",
"biophysics/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function"
] | 2008 | Intramolecular Cohesion of Coils Mediated by Phenylalanine–Glycine Motifs in the Natively Unfolded Domain of a Nucleoporin |
The role of Hsp70 chaperones in yeast prion propagation is well established . Highly conserved Hsp90 chaperones participate in a number of cellular processes , such as client protein maturation , protein degradation , cellular signalling and apoptosis , but little is known about their role in propagation of infectious ... | Studies on yeast prions have provided insight into the role of various cellular factors involved in amyloid based disorders . Among the various cellular components the chaperone network has emerged as a crucial regulator of formation and propagation of yeast prions . The chaperone machinery primarily consists of Hsp70 ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Hsp90-Associated Immunophilin Homolog Cpr7 Is Required for the Mitotic Stability of [URE3] Prion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Upon HIV transmission , some patients develop AIDS in only a few months , while others remain disease free for 20 or more years . This variation in the rate of disease progression is poorly understood and has been attributed to host genetics , host immune responses , co-infection , viral genetics , and adaptation . Her... | During the clinical course of HIV infection , an asymptomatic phase always precedes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) . The duration of this asymptomatic phase is highly variable among patients and reflects the rate at which the immune system gradually deteriorates . Although humoral and cell-mediated imm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"mathematics",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"nematodes"
] | 2007 | Synonymous Substitution Rates Predict HIV Disease Progression as a Result of Underlying Replication Dynamics |
Neural networks , despite their highly interconnected nature , exhibit distinctly localized and gated activation . Modularity , a distinctive feature of neural networks , has been recently proposed as an important parameter determining the manner by which networks support activity propagation . Here we use an engineere... | The capacity to transmit information between connected parts of a neuronal network is fundamental to its function . The organization of network connections ( the topology of the network ) is therefore expected to play an important role in determining network transmission . Since modular topology characterizes many brai... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"neural",
"networks",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"membrane",
"electrophysiology",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"thermodynamics",
"res... | 2016 | Modularity Induced Gating and Delays in Neuronal Networks |
It is widely believed that innate immune responses to Borrelia burgdorferi ( Bb ) are primarily triggered by the spirochete's outer membrane lipoproteins signaling through cell surface TLR1/2 . We recently challenged this notion by demonstrating that phagocytosis of live Bb by peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs... | Lyme disease is a tick-borne infectious disorder caused by the spirochetal pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi ( Bb ) . Innate immune responses to Bb are thought to be triggered by the spirochete's outer membrane lipoproteins signaling through cell surface toll-like receptors ( TLR1/2 ) . Using a whole genome microarray tech... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2009 | Activation of Human Monocytes by Live Borrelia burgdorferi Generates TLR2-Dependent and -Independent Responses Which Include Induction of IFN-β |
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in humans with a prevalence of 1% and a lifetime incidence of 3% . Several genes have been identified in rare autosomal dominant and severe sporadic forms of epilepsy , but the genetic cause is unknown in the vast majority of cases . Copy number variants ( CNVs ... | Epilepsy , a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures , affects up to 3% of the population . In some cases , the epilepsy has a clear cause such as an abnormality in the brain or a head injury . However , in many cases there is no obvious cause . Numerous studies have shown that genetic factors ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"neurological",
"disorders/neurogenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"neurological",
"disorders/epilepsy"
] | 2010 | Genome-Wide Copy Number Variation in Epilepsy: Novel Susceptibility Loci in Idiopathic Generalized and Focal Epilepsies |
The inactivation of p53 creates a major challenge for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells . An attractive strategy is to identify and subsequently target the survival signals in p53 defective cancer cells . Here we uncover a RUNX2-mediated survival signal in p53 defective cancer cells . The inhibition of this signal ind... | Because activated p53 is a potent inducer of apoptosis , several approaches centering on p53 activation are designed for killing cancer cells . However , more than half of human tumors have p53 inactivation , which renders these p53-activating approaches less effective in killing cancer cells . Targeting the survival s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"genome",
"engineering",
"cell",
"death",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"cell",
"processes",
"synthetic",
"bioengineering",
"crispr",
"epigenetics",
"tubulins",
"immunologic",
"te... | 2016 | A RUNX2-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation of the Survival of p53 Defective Cancer Cells |
As an obligatory pathogen , influenza virus co-opts host cell machinery to harbor infection and to produce progeny viruses . In order to characterize the virus-host cell interactions , several genome-wide siRNA screens and proteomic analyses have been performed recently to identify host factors involved in influenza vi... | As a “Trojan Horse” that only encodes 13 viral proteins , influenza hijacks host cell machinery for productive infection . In this work , we studied the role of the host protein CD81 in influenza infection . We found that CD81 was important for influenza infection at two distinct stages: virus uncoating and virus buddi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Dual Function of CD81 in Influenza Virus Uncoating and Budding |
Although cholera is a major public health concern in Mozambique , its transmission patterns remain unknown . We surveyed the genetic relatedness of 75 Vibrio cholerae isolates from patients at Manhiça District Hospital between 2002–2012 and 3 isolates from river using multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (... | Cholera is a deadly disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . The ancestral home of cholera is around the Bay of Bengal , but recently cholera has moved to Africa . In Africa , cholera occurs in sporadic outbreaks . In order prevent cases of cholera , we want to understand the transmission of cholera in Africa ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methodology",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"rivers",
"pathogens",
"vibrio",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
... | 2017 | Minimal genetic change in Vibrio cholerae in Mozambique over time: Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis and whole genome sequencing |
Genetic transformation is a potential tool for analyzing gene function and thereby identifying new drug and vaccine targets in parasitic nematodes , which adversely affect more than one billion people . We have previously developed a robust system for transgenesis in Strongyloides spp . using gonadal microinjection for... | Parasitic roundworms sicken and debilitate over one billion people , most of whom subsist on less than two US dollars per day . There are no vaccines and few drugs available to treat and prevent these infections . Basic research leading to new therapies has been hampered because we lack methods to study gene function i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"global",
"health",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Transposon-mediated Chromosomal Integration of Transgenes in the Parasitic Nematode Strongyloides ratti and Establishment of Stable Transgenic Lines |
The Skp1-Cul1-F box complex ( SCF ) associates with any one of a number of F box proteins , which serve as substrate binding adaptors . The human F box protein βTRCP directs the conjugation of ubiquitin to a variety of substrate proteins , leading to the destruction of the substrate by the proteasome . To identify βTRC... | Approximately 600 human genes encode enzymes that act as ubiquitin ligases , which facilitate the transfer of the small protein ubiquitin to thousands of substrate proteins; “tagging” with ubiquitin often promotes the degradation of the substrate by the proteasome . In this paper , we adapt a technique called Ligase Tr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | DNA Damage Regulates Translation through β-TRCP Targeting of CReP |
Genome-wide association studies have shown that pleiotropy is a common phenomenon that can potentially be exploited for enhanced detection of susceptibility loci . We propose heritability informed power optimization ( HIPO ) for conducting powerful pleiotropic analysis using summary-level association statistics . We fi... | Pleiotropy is a common phenomenon in genetics that one genetic variant has effects on multiple traits . The shared genetic information across correlated traits can potentially be exploited for enhanced detection of susceptibility loci . Most existing multi-trait methods borrow information across phenotypes but not acro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"random",
"variables",
"covariance",
"mathematics",
"genome",
"analysis",
"lipid",
"structure",
"trait",
"locus",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"lipids",
"molecula... | 2018 | Heritability informed power optimization (HIPO) leads to enhanced detection of genetic associations across multiple traits |
Japanese encephalitis ( JE ) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV ) . Pigs and water birds are the main amplifying and maintenance hosts of the virus . In this study , we conducted a JEV survey in mosquitoes captured in pig farms and water bird wetland habitats in Taiwan ... | Japanese encephalitis ( JE ) is a vector-borne zoonotic disease transmitted by the bite of a Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV ) infected mosquito . Japanese encephalitis is an endemic disease in Taiwan . Before 2008 , all known JEV isolates collected in Taiwan belonged to Genotype III of JEV . Genotype I JEV strains w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"viral",
"genomics",
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"genomics",
"microbial",
"genomics"
] | 2014 | Molecular Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Mosquitoes in Taiwan during 2005–2012 |
Epigenomic mapping of enhancer-associated chromatin modifications facilitates the genome-wide discovery of tissue-specific enhancers in vivo . However , reliance on single chromatin marks leads to high rates of false-positive predictions . More sophisticated , integrative methods have been described , but commonly suff... | The majority of the human genome does not code for proteins . Regulatory roles have been ascribed to a growing fraction of the non-coding genome . Enhancers , short stretches of non-coding DNA , confer spatial and temporal specificity to gene expression patterns . These regions are essential to the proper development o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"legs",
"nucleases",
"deoxyribonucleases",
"enzymes",
"gene",
"regulation",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"enzymology",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"developmental",
"biology",
"artificial",
"intelligence",
"epigenetics",
"mammalian",
"genomic... | 2017 | Limb-Enhancer Genie: An accessible resource of accurate enhancer predictions in the developing limb |
Expansion of the neocortex is a hallmark of human evolution . However , determining which adaptive mechanisms facilitated its expansion remains an open question . Here we show , using the gyrencephaly index ( GI ) and other physiological and life-history data for 102 mammalian species , that gyrencephaly is an ancestra... | What are the key differences in the development and evolution of the cerebral cortex that underlie the differences in its size and degree of folding across mammals ? Here , we present phylogenetic evidence that the Jurassic era mammalian ancestor may have been a relatively large-brained species with a folded neocortex ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"neurogenesis",
"ecology",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"mathematical",
"and",
"statistical",
"techniques",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"neurosc... | 2014 | An Adaptive Threshold in Mammalian Neocortical Evolution |
The host limits adenovirus infections by mobilizing immune systems directed against infected cells that also represent major barriers to clinical use of adenoviral vectors . Adenovirus early transcription units encode a number of products capable of thwarting antiviral immune responses by co-opting host cell pathways .... | Although most adenovirus infections produce a mild and self-limiting disease , they can be life threatening for immunocompromised individuals . Some serotypes also cause epidemic outbreaks that pose a significant health risk in people with no known predisposing conditions . Although the early region 3 ( E3 ) of the ade... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"protein",
"transport",
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunology",... | 2019 | Adenovirus early region 3 RIDα protein limits NFκB signaling through stress-activated EGF receptors |
Evasion of immune T cell responses is crucial for viruses to establish persistence in the infected host . Immune evasion mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) in the context of MHC-I antigen presentation have been well studied . In contrast , viral interference with MHC-II antigen presentation is less well understoo... | Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) is a herpesvirus and an important human pathogen that can cause diseases ranging from non-malignant proliferative disease to fully malignant cancers of lymphocytes and epithelial cells . The persistence of EBV in healthy individuals relies on the balance between host immune responses and vira... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"viral",
"classification",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"dna",
"viruses",
"major",
"histocompatibility",
"complex",
"viral",
"immune",
"evasion",
"biology",
"antigen",
"processing",
"and",
"recognition",
"cell",
"biology",... | 2011 | Epstein-Barr Virus Evades CD4+ T Cell Responses in Lytic Cycle through BZLF1-mediated Downregulation of CD74 and the Cooperation of vBcl-2 |
Whole-brain recordings give us a global perspective of the brain in action . In this study , we describe a method using light field microscopy to record near-whole brain calcium and voltage activity at high speed in behaving adult flies . We first obtained global activity maps for various stimuli and behaviors . Notabl... | Whole-brain recordings give us a global perspective of the brain in action . This is already possible in humans , for which functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) has opened a new chapter in the study of brain activity underlying behavior , but this technique has low spatial and temporal resolution . In animals... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"methods",
"and",
"resources",
"statistics",
"light",
"neuroscience",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"multivariate",
"analysis",
"mathematics",
"artificial",
"light",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"neuroimaging",
"research",
"and... | 2019 | Fast near-whole–brain imaging in adult Drosophila during responses to stimuli and behavior |
Learning to read is a fundamental developmental milestone , and achieving reading competency has lifelong consequences . Although literacy development proceeds smoothly for many children , a subset struggle with this learning process , creating a need to identify reliable biomarkers of a child’s future literacy that co... | Learning to read is a chief developmental milestone with lifelong consequences; although there are effective interventions for struggling readers , an ongoing challenge has been to identify candidates for intervention at a young-enough age . We measured the precision of the neural coding of consonants in noise , and fo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Auditory Processing in Noise: A Preschool Biomarker for Literacy |
Gallium is a semi-metallic element known since the 1930s to have antimicrobial activity . This activity stems primarily from gallium's ability to mimic trivalent iron and disrupt specific Fe ( III ) -dependent pathways , particularly DNA synthesis ( due to inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase ) . Because of its novel... | Yaws is a neglected tropical disease affecting children in underprivileged countries , transmitted through direct skin contact with an active lesion . This infection , although rarely fatal , can lead to disfigurement and serious disability . The World Health Organization is currently conducting a yaws eradication effo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"dermatology",
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"biopsy",
"drugs",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"rabbits",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"... | 2019 | Topical treatment with gallium maltolate reduces Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue burden in primary experimental lesions in a rabbit model of yaws |
Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) is the most common cause of congenital virus infection . Congenital HCMV infection occurs in 0 . 2–1% of all births , and causes birth defects and developmental abnormalities , including sensorineural hearing loss and developmental delay . Several key studies have established the guinea p... | Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) is the most common cause of congenital virus infection and causes developmental abnormalities , including hearing loss and developmental delay . Although there is no therapy for congenital HCMV disease , there is evidence from both human and animal studies that antibodies can have efficac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | A Neutralizing Anti-gH/gL Monoclonal Antibody Is Protective in the Guinea Pig Model of Congenital CMV Infection |
Researchers have conjectured that eye movements during visual search are selected to minimize the number of saccades . The optimal Bayesian eye movement strategy minimizing saccades does not simply direct the eye to whichever location is judged most likely to contain the target but makes use of the entire retina as an ... | Vision is most sensitive to fine detail at the center of gaze ( the fovea ) . We typically move our eyes several times a second to build up an accurate picture of the world around us and find objects of interest . Very recently , researchers have developed models of how a visual system like ours could search a scene fo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"psychology",
"social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"sciences",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2012 | Human Visual Search Does Not Maximize the Post-Saccadic Probability of Identifying Targets |
The winter seasonality of influenza A virus in temperate climates is one of the most widely recognized , yet least understood , epidemiological patterns in infectious disease . Central to understanding what drives the seasonal emergence of this important human pathogen is determining what becomes of the virus during th... | The winter seasonality of influenza A virus in temperate climates is one of the most puzzling epidemiological patterns in infectious disease . To help resolve the issue of influenza seasonality , we studied , using viral genome sequence data , the patterns of global migration of influenza A virus , particularly between... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"ecology",
"virology",
"evolutionary",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals the Global Migration of Seasonal Influenza A Viruses |
Yeast biofilms are complex multicellular structures , in which the cells are well protected against drugs and other treatments and thus highly resistant to antifungal therapies . Colony biofilms represent an ideal system for studying molecular mechanisms and regulations involved in development and internal organization... | Yeast biofilms have become an increasingly important clinical problem over the years . Biofilms are often associated with infections resistant to antifungals , which are particularly prevalent in immunosuppressed patients . High resistance is mediated by cell reprogramming leading to the specific organization of intern... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biofilms",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"galactose",
"carbohydrates",
"organic",
"compounds",
"regulator",
"genes",
"fungi",
"model",
"... | 2018 | Cyc8p and Tup1p transcription regulators antagonistically regulate Flo11p expression and complexity of yeast colony biofilms |
AP-2 is the core-organizing element in clathrin-mediated endocytosis . During the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles , clathrin and endocytic accessory proteins interact with AP-2 in a temporally and spatially controlled manner , yet it remains elusive as to how these interactions are regulated . Here , we demonstra... | Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the major entry portal for cargo molecules such as nutrient and signaling receptors in eukaryotic cells . Generation of clathrin-coated vesicles involves a complex protein machinery that both deforms the membrane to generate a vesicle and selects appropriate cargo . The endocytic machin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | NECAP 1 Regulates AP-2 Interactions to Control Vesicle Size, Number, and Cargo During Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis |
Simian Virus 40 Large Tumor Antigen ( LTag ) is an efficient helicase motor that unwinds and translocates DNA . The DNA unwinding and translocation of LTag is powered by ATP binding and hydrolysis at the nucleotide pocket between two adjacent subunits of an LTag hexamer . Based on the set of high-resolution hexameric s... | The Large Tumor antigen ( LTag ) encoded by Simian Virus 40 ( SV40 ) is a marvelous molecule that is not only a viral oncogene , but also an efficient molecular machine as a helicase that unwinds double helix DNA for genome replication , an essential process in all living organisms . LTag hexameric helicase uses the en... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/protein",
"structure",
"prediction",
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"dynamics"
] | 2009 | A Computational Analysis of ATP Binding of SV40 Large Tumor Antigen Helicase Motor |
While the circumstances surrounding the origin and spread of HIV are becoming clearer , the particulars of the origin of simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) are still unknown . Specifically , the age of SIV , whether it is an ancient or recent infection , has not been resolved . Although many instances of cross-speci... | Elucidating the factors that influence the emergence of viral pathogens is of great importance to the study of infectious disease . HIV is understood to have originated from simian immunodeficiency viruses ( SIVs ) infecting nonhuman African primates , but the length of time the virus has been present in these apes and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"viruses",
"primates",
"virology"
] | 2007 | A Challenge to the Ancient Origin of SIVagm Based on African Green Monkey Mitochondrial Genomes |
Tetherin/BST-2/CD317 is a recently identified antiviral protein that blocks the release of nascent retrovirus , and other virus , particles from infected cells . An HIV-1 accessory protein , Vpu , acts as an antagonist of tetherin . Here , we show that positive selection is evident in primate tetherin sequences and tha... | Tetherin is a cell surface protein that acts as an antiviral defense . It functions by tethering newly assembled HIV-1 particles to the surface of the infected cell , such that the viral particle is unable to depart and disseminate to other , uninfected cells . HIV-1 possesses an antagonist of tetherin , termed Vpu , t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/host",
"antiviral",
"responses"
] | 2009 | Species-Specific Activity of HIV-1 Vpu and Positive Selection of Tetherin Transmembrane Domain Variants |
The schistosome esophagus is divided into anterior and posterior compartments , each surrounded by a dense cluster of gland cell bodies , the source of distinct secretory vesicles discharged into the lumen to initiate the processing of ingested blood . Erythrocytes are lysed in the lumen , leucocytes are tethered and k... | Schistosomes feed on blood and we have previously shown that its processing begins in the esophagus , which does not act simply as a conduit . It comprises anterior and posterior compartments , each surrounded by glands that secrete proteins into the lumen . Erythrocytes are ruptured as they pass through the compartmen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Schistosome Esophagus Is a ‘Hotspot’ for Microexon and Lysosomal Hydrolase Gene Expression: Implications for Blood Processing |
The productive human papillomavirus ( HPV ) life cycle is tightly linked to the differentiation and cycling of keratinocytes . Deregulation of these processes and stimulation of cell proliferation by the action of viral oncoproteins and host cell factors underlies HPV-mediated carcinogenesis . Severe HPV infections cha... | Human papillomaviruses ( HPV ) are epitheliotropic tumor viruses causing mostly benign warts but that have developed strategies to establish persistent infections . Although host immune responses clear most infections , persistence of some HPV types causes ~5% of human cancers and severe pathogenesis in immunosuppresse... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"urology",
"cell",
"death",
"keratinocytes",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"oncology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"sexually",
... | 2016 | The CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Pathway: A New Susceptibility Factor in Human Papillomavirus Pathogenesis |
Antibodies that neutralize ( nAbs ) genetically diverse HIV-1 strains have been recovered from a subset of HIV-1 infected subjects during chronic infection . Exact mechanisms that expand the otherwise narrow neutralization capacity observed during early infection are , however , currently undefined . Here we characteri... | Since cases were first recognized in the United States in 1981 , human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV-1 ) has infected over one million Americans . Globally , this scale reaches into the tens of millions , but no effective vaccine exists . Of those infected , approximately 20–30% of patients will develop broadly neutrali... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"retrovirology",
"and",
"hiv",
"immunopathogenesis",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"viral",
"immune",
"evasion",
"hiv",
"biology",
"viral",
"evolution",
"immune",
"response",
"virology",
"viral",
"disea... | 2013 | Viral Escape from Neutralizing Antibodies in Early Subtype A HIV-1 Infection Drives an Increase in Autologous Neutralization Breadth |
The vocal behavior of infants changes dramatically during early life . Whether or not such a change results from the growth of the body during development—as opposed to solely neural changes—has rarely been investigated . In this study of vocal development in marmoset monkeys , we tested the putative causal relationshi... | In robotics , the shape and material properties of the robot body can be exploited to make central control processes simpler; this is known as “morphological computation . ” In this view , the body is not a device to simply be controlled by the brain , but rather is directly involved in making some behaviors less compl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"syllables",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vocalization",
"linguistics",
"nervous",
"system",
"vertebrates",
"marmosets",
"social",
"sciences",
"animals",
"mammals",
"animal",
"signaling",
"and",
"communication",
"lungs",
"animal",
"models",
"primates",
"res... | 2018 | Vocal development through morphological computation |
Multiple sclerosis ( MS ) is a complex trait in which allelic variation in the MHC class II region exerts the single strongest effect on genetic risk . Epidemiological data in MS provide strong evidence that environmental factors act at a population level to influence the unusual geographical distribution of this disea... | Multiple Sclerosis ( MS ) is a complex neurological disease with a strong genetic component . The Major Histocompatibility Complex ( MHC ) on chromosome 6 exerts the strongest genetic effect on disease risk . A region at or near the HLA-DRB1 locus in the MHC influences the risk of MS . HLA-DRB1 has over 400 different a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"immunology/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"neurological",
"disorders/multiple",
"sclerosis",
"and",
"related",
"disorders",
"immunology/autoimmunity"
] | 2009 | Expression of the Multiple Sclerosis-Associated MHC Class II Allele HLA-DRB1*1501 Is Regulated by Vitamin D |
The treatment of Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania ( Viannia ) guyanensis is based on a weak strength of evidence from very few clinical trials and some case series reports . Current treatment guidelines recommend pentamidine isethionate or meglumine antimoniate ( Glucantime ) as the first-line choices . Both are pare... | The main agent causing localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Guianan Ecoregion Complex , a region that covers Guiana , Suriname , French Guiana , the southern portion of Venezuela and the northern portion of the Amazon Basin , is Leishmania ( Viannia ) guyanensis . The current treatment regimens for treating this pa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"and",
"material",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"organic",
"compounds... | 2018 | Failure of fluconazole in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon: An open, nonrandomized phase 2 trial |
The recently discovered human Merkel cell polyomavirus ( MCPyV or MCV ) causes the aggressive Merkel cell carcinoma ( MCC ) in the skin of immunocompromised individuals . Conflicting reports suggest that cellular glycans containing sialic acid ( Neu5Ac ) may play a role in MCPyV infectious entry . To address this quest... | Viruses must interact with specific receptor molecules on their host cells in order to first attach to the cell and second gain entry into it . Therefore , a viral entry pathway is a sequence of precisely regulated binding events between viral proteins and their cellular receptors , which can be proteins or other biomo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"medicine",
"viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"oncology",
"oncology",
"agents",
"proteins",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"virology",
"antivirals",
"glycobiology"
] | 2012 | Structures of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus VP1 Complexes Define a Sialic Acid Binding Site Required for Infection |
Our 13C- and 1H-chemical exchange saturation transfer ( CEST ) experiments previously revealed a dynamic exchange between partially closed and open conformations of the SAM-II riboswitch in the absence of ligand . Here , all-atom structure-based molecular simulations , with the electrostatic effects of Manning counter-... | The presence of positively charged metal ions is essential to maintain the structural fold and function of RNA . Among different metal ions , magnesium is particularly important for the stability of RNA because it can efficiently support a close assembly of negatively charged phosphate groups in an RNA fold . The SAM-I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"phosphates",
"fluorophotometry",
"elution",
"thermodynamics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"separation",
"processes",
"spectrum",
"analysis",
"techniques",
"rna",
"structure",
"fluorescence",
"resonance",
"energy",
"transfer",
"magnesi... | 2017 | A magnesium-induced triplex pre-organizes the SAM-II riboswitch |
The Metabolic Syndrome ( MetS ) is a complex , multifactorial disorder that develops slowly over time presenting itself with large differences among MetS patients . We applied a systems biology approach to describe and predict the onset and progressive development of MetS , in a study that combined in vivo and in silic... | Obesity is becoming a growing health problem , with the risk of running into a disease state called the Metabolic Syndrome ( MetS ) . It is difficult to study MetS in humans as it develops over a long period of time while many processes and organs are involved . Moreover , each patient may present itself with different... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cholesterol",
"biochemistry",
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"lipids",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"dyslipidemia",
"nutrition",
"lipid",
"metabolism",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"diet",
"metabolism",
"metabolic",
"disorders",
"glucose",
"metabolism... | 2018 | In vivo and in silico dynamics of the development of Metabolic Syndrome |
The crystal structure of the TLR4-MD-2-LPS complex responsible for triggering powerful pro-inflammatory cytokine responses has recently become available . Central to cell surface complex formation is binding of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) to soluble MD-2 . We have previously shown , in biologically based experiments , t... | Dendrimers are well-defined branched symmetrical macromolecules . In biologically based experiments , we have shown that a generation 3 . 5 PAMAM dendrimer whose surface was modified with 8 surface glucosamine molecules inhibited TLR4 mediated cytokine inflammation in both primary human cells and a clinically validated... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computer",
"science",
"chemistry",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Partially Glycosylated Dendrimers Block MD-2 and Prevent TLR4-MD-2-LPS Complex Mediated Cytokine Responses |
Viral gene expression varies significantly among genetically identical cells . The sources of these variations are not well understood and have been suggested to involve both deterministic host differences and stochastic viral host interactions . For herpesviruses , only a limited number of incoming viral genomes initi... | Single cell variation is of major interest in understanding key biological processes , like cancer , development and host pathogen interaction . During viral infection , these cell to cell variations can change the outcome of the whole organism infection . We suggested that differences in the number of parental viral g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"vero",
"cells",
"hela",
"cells",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"light",
"microscopy",
"virus",
"effects",
"on",
"host",
"gene",
"expression",
"microscopy",
"viral",
"genome",
"cell",
"cultures",
"microbial",
"genetics",
"microbial",
"genomics",
"research"... | 2016 | Gene Expression Correlates with the Number of Herpes Viral Genomes Initiating Infection in Single Cells |
Dendritic cells ( DCs ) contribute to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) transmission and dissemination by capturing and transporting infectious virus from the mucosa to draining lymph nodes , and transferring these virus particles to CD4+ T cells with high efficiency . Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) -induced ma... | Heterosexual transmission is the primary mode of HIV transmission worldwide . In the absence of an effective vaccine , there is an increasing demand for the development of effective microbicides that block HIV sexual transmission . Dendritic cells ( DCs ) play a critical role in HIV transmission by efficiently binding ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"virology/new",
"therapies,",
"including",
"antivirals",
"and",
"immunotherapy",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2010 | PPARγ and LXR Signaling Inhibit Dendritic Cell-Mediated HIV-1 Capture and trans-Infection |
We statistically characterize the population spiking activity obtained from simultaneous recordings of neurons across all layers of a cortical microcolumn . Three types of models are compared: an Ising model which captures pairwise correlations between units , a Restricted Boltzmann Machine ( RBM ) which allows for mod... | Communication between neurons underlies all perception and cognition . Hence , to understand how the brain's sensory systems such as the visual cortex work , we need to model how neurons encode and communicate information about the world . To this end , we simultaneously recorded the activity of many neurons in a corti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Modeling Higher-Order Correlations within Cortical Microcolumns |
Seckel syndrome is a recessively inherited dwarfism disorder characterized by microcephaly and a unique head profile . Genetically , it constitutes a heterogeneous condition , with several loci mapped ( SCKL1-5 ) but only three disease genes identified: the ATR , CENPJ , and CEP152 genes that control cellular responses... | Cellular DNA is frequently damaged through the actions of exogenous and endogenously arising DNA damaging agents . To maintain genome integrity , cells have evolved complex mechanisms to detect DNA damage , signal its presence , and mediate its repair . The importance of such mechanisms is evident because inherited def... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"dna",
"signaling",
"in",
"cellular",
"processes",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"signal",
"transduction",
"autosomal",
"recessive",
"cell",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"genetics",
"dna",
"... | 2011 | CtIP Mutations Cause Seckel and Jawad Syndromes |
The smallest algae , less than 3 μm in diameter , are the most abundant eukaryotes of the World Ocean . Their feeding on planktonic bacteria of similar size is globally important but physically enigmatic . Tiny algal cells tightly packed with the voluminous chloroplasts , nucleus , and mitochondria appear to have insuf... | The global significance of microorganisms is a consequence of their astronomical numbers . This is certainly true for the smallest planktonic algae on earth , which are less than 3 μm in diameter and the most numerous eukaryotic organisms of the oceans . Contrary to the general belief that algae use only sunlight and d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"processes",
"chloroplasts",
"plant",
"science",
"aquatic",
"environments",
"microscopy",
"plants",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"marine",
"environments",
"sea",
"water"... | 2018 | “Pomacytosis”—Semi-extracellular phagocytosis of cyanobacteria by the smallest marine algae |
The alveolar compartment , the fundamental gas exchange unit in the lung , is critical for tissue oxygenation and viability . We explored hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF ) , a pleiotrophic cytokine that promotes epithelial proliferation , morphogenesis , migration , and resistance to apoptosis , as a candidate mediator ... | The airspace compartment of the mammalian lung , comprised of spherical sacs termed alveoli , harbors the architecture , cellular composition , and molecular armamentarium to perform the critical function of gas exchange or oxygen uptake . Despite the necessity of this alveolar compartment for organismal viability , th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"pulmonology",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"histology",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"morphogenesis",
"respiratory",
"medicine",
"biology",
"regeneration",
"physiology",
"genetics",
"genetics"... | 2013 | Hepatocyte Growth Factor, a Determinant of Airspace Homeostasis in the Murine Lung |
Neural coding through inhibitory projection pathways remains poorly understood . We analyze the transmission properties of the Purkinje cell ( PC ) to cerebellar nucleus ( CN ) pathway in a modeling study using a data set recorded in awake mice containing respiratory rate modulation . We find that inhibitory transmissi... | Detailed computer simulations of biological neurons can make an important contribution to our understanding of how the brain works . In this paper we use such a model of a neuron that represents the output from the cerebellum . We can show that the inhibition this neuron type receives from Purkinje cells in the cerebel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"random",
"variables",
"neuroscience",
"covariance",
"mathematics",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"cerebellum",
"coding",
"mechani... | 2017 | Robust transmission of rate coding in the inhibitory Purkinje cell to cerebellar nuclei pathway in awake mice |
Low vitamin D levels in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 ( HIV ) infected persons are associated with more rapid disease progression and increased risk for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection . We have previously shown that 1α , 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol ( 1 , 25D3 ) , the active form of vitamin D , inhibits HIV ... | Macroautophagy ( autophagy - ‘self-eating’ , lysosome-dependent degradation and recycling of the intracellular components in response to stress ) is an important host defense mechanism against viral and mycobacterial infections . Recent studies have described that activation of autophagy in macrophages reduces the viab... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunity",
"tuberculosis",
"innate",
"immunity",
"hiv",
"retrovirology",
"and",
"hiv",
"immunopathogenesis",
"immunology",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Vitamin D Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Macrophages through the Induction of Autophagy |
Schistosomiasis continues to be an important cause of parasitic morbidity and mortality world-wide . Determining the molecular mechanisms regulating the development of granulomas and fibrosis will be essential for understanding how schistosome antigens interact with the host environment . We report here the first whole... | Schistosomiasis , a disease caused by parasitic worms , is a significant cause of illness and death in the developing world . Furthermore , recent reports suggest that the global burden of disease due to schistosomiasis has been significantly underestimated . Schistosomiasis of the liver arises due to inflammation and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"patholo... | 2010 | Temporal Expression of Chemokines Dictates the Hepatic Inflammatory Infiltrate in a Murine Model of Schistosomiasis |
Schistosomiasis remains a major public health issue , with an estimated 230 million people infected worldwide . Novel tools for early diagnosis and surveillance of schistosomiasis are currently needed . Elevated levels of circulating microRNAs ( miRNAs ) are commonly associated with the initiation and progression of hu... | Schistosomiasis japonica remains a public health problem in Southeast Asia . In China , the number of infected individuals has been reduced considerably due to long-term control efforts over the past 50 years , but still 60 million people are at the risk of the disease . Development of novel tools for early diagnosis a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Circulating miRNAs: Potential Novel Biomarkers for Hepatopathology Progression and Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis Japonica in Two Murine Models |
The syndrome of fever is a commonly presenting complaint among persons seeking healthcare in low-resource areas , yet the public health community has not approached fever in a comprehensive manner . In many areas , malaria is over-diagnosed , and patients without malaria have poor outcomes . We prospectively studied a ... | The syndrome of fever is caused by a large number of infectious diseases . Malaria is thought to have been declining in the tropics since 2004 . Increasing use of malaria diagnostic tests reveal a growing proportion of patients with fever who do not have malaria . While malaria diagnostic tests may be available , healt... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacteremia",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"bloodstream",
"infections",
"q-fever",
"salmonellosis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"rickettsia",
"brucellosis",
"leptospirosis"
] | 2013 | Etiology of Severe Non-malaria Febrile Illness in Northern Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study |
RNA–mediated transmission of phenotypes is an important way to explain non-Mendelian heredity . We have previously shown that small non-coding RNAs can induce hereditary epigenetic variations in mice and act as the transgenerational signalling molecules . Two prominent examples for these paramutations include the epige... | The possibility of a mode of inheritance distinct from the Mendelian model has been considered since the early days of genetics . Only recently , however , suitable experimental models were created . We now see the development of new experimental systems detecting non-Mendelian inheritance in a variety of organisms , f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"biochemistry",
"rna",
"model",
"organisms",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"heredity",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"mouse"
] | 2013 | RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity Requires the Cytosine Methyltransferase Dnmt2 |
The bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine ( BivWC ) is being increasingly used to prevent cholera . The presence of O-antigen-specific memory B cells ( MBC ) has been associated with protective immunity against cholera , yet MBC responses have not been evaluated after BivWC vaccination . To address this knowl... | Oral cholera vaccines are being increasingly used throughout the world as a key component of cholera prevention programs . While several recent studies suggest oral cholera vaccines may provide durable protection , the potential mechanism that generates this long lasting immune memory and protection are unknown . Unlik... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"vibrio",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vaccines",
"vibrio",
"cholerae",
"i... | 2019 | Bivalent oral cholera vaccination induces a memory B cell response to the V. cholerae O1-polysaccharide antigen in Haitian adults |
Advances in optical neuroimaging techniques now allow neural activity to be recorded with cellular resolution in awake and behaving animals . Brain motion in these recordings pose a unique challenge . The location of individual neurons must be tracked in 3D over time to accurately extract single neuron activity traces ... | Computer algorithms for identifying and tracking neurons in images of a brain have struggled to keep pace with rapid advances in neuroimaging . In small transparent organism like the nematode C . elegans , it is now possible to record neural activity from all of the neurons in the animal’s head with single-cell resolut... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"invertebrates",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"caenorhabditis",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"vector",
"construction",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"microscopy",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"damage",
... | 2017 | Automatically tracking neurons in a moving and deforming brain |
The Arabidopsis homeotic protein AGAMOUS ( AG ) , a MADS domain transcription factor , specifies reproductive organ identity during flower development . Using a binding assay and expression analysis , we identified a direct target of AG , GIANT KILLER ( GIK ) , which fine-tunes the expression of multiple genes downstre... | Multicellular development depends on proper expression of thousands of genes . Master regulators , such as homeotic proteins , code for transcription factors in both plants and animals and are thought to act by regulating other genes . Recent genomic studies in the plant Arabidopsis have shown that over 1 , 000 genes a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"developmental",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms"
] | 2009 | AGAMOUS Controls GIANT KILLER, a Multifunctional Chromatin Modifier in Reproductive Organ Patterning and Differentiation |
The mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) regulates cell growth and survival by integrating nutrient and hormonal signals . These signaling functions are distributed between at least two distinct mTOR protein complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2 . mTORC1 is sensitive to the selective inhibitor rapamycin and activated by growt... | Growth factor pathways are required for normal development but are often inappropriately activated in many cancers . One growth-factor–sensitive pathway of increasing interest to cancer researchers relies on the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) , a kinase that ( like all kinases ) delivers phosphate groups from A... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"biology",
"pharmacology",
"chemical",
"biology",
"biophysics"
] | 2009 | Active-Site Inhibitors of mTOR Target Rapamycin-Resistant Outputs of mTORC1 and mTORC2 |
Current strategies to improve graft outcome following kidney transplantation consider information at the human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) loci . Cell surface antigens , in addition to HLA , may serve as the stimuli as well as the targets for the anti-allograft immune response and influence long-term graft outcomes . We ... | The article describes a new concept to help match donor organs to recipients for kidney transplantation . The concept relies on the ability to measure the individual DNA of potential donors and recipients . When the data about genomes ( i . e . , DNA ) of possible donors and recipients are available , the article descr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"urinary",
"system",
"procedures",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"organ",
"transplantation",
"immunology",
"biomarkers",
"human",
"genomics",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"renal",
"transplantation",
"genome",
... | 2016 | Exome Sequencing and Prediction of Long-Term Kidney Allograft Function |
In recent years , increasing associations between microRNAs ( miRNAs ) and human diseases have been identified . Based on accumulating biological data , many computational models for potential miRNA-disease associations inference have been developed , which saves time and expenditure on experimental studies , making gr... | MiRNAs are known as gene regulators and play critical roles in various biological processes . Many associations between miRNAs and human diseases have been identified , which promotes the understanding towards the molecular mechanisms of diseases and contributes to prevention and treatment of diseases . Computational m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"linguistics",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"natural",
"antisense",
"transcripts",
"gene",
"regulation",
"carcinomas",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"social",
"sciences",
"gastrointestinal",
"tumors",
"liver",
"diseases",
... | 2019 | Ensemble of decision tree reveals potential miRNA-disease associations |
Hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) and hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome ( HCPS; also called hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ( HPS ) ) , both human diseases with high case-fatality rates . Endothelial cells are the main targets for hantaviruses . An intriguing observation in patients wit... | Rodent-born hantaviruses cause two severe emerging diseases with high case-fatality rates in humans; hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) in Eurasia and hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome ( HCPS; also called hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ( HPS ) ) in the Americas . A hallmark of HFRS/HCPS is increased vascu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"hantavirus",
"immune",
"cells",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"nk",
"cells",
"hantavirus",
"pulmonary",
"syndrome",
"immunology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Hantavirus-infection Confers Resistance to Cytotoxic Lymphocyte-Mediated Apoptosis |
Sand flies deliver Leishmania parasites to a host alongside salivary molecules that affect infection outcomes . Though some proteins are immunogenic and have potential as markers of vector exposure , their identity and vector specificity remain elusive . We screened human , dog , and fox sera from endemic areas of visc... | Leishmania parasites are transmitted by the bite of an infected vector sand fly that injects salivary molecules into the host skin during feeding . Certain salivary molecules can produce antibodies and can be used as an indicator of exposure to a vector sand fly and potentially the disease it transmits . Here we identi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/screening"
] | 2010 | Discovery of Markers of Exposure Specific to Bites of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the Vector of Leishmania infantum chagasi in Latin America |
Dynamics of biomolecular assemblies offer invaluable insights into their functional mechanisms . For extremely large biomolecular systems , such as HIV-1 capsid that has nearly 5 millions atoms , obtaining its normal mode dynamics using even coarse-grained models can be a challenging task . In this work , we have succe... | Supramolecular assemblies are large biomolecular complexes composed of hundreds or even thousands of protein chains . They function as molecular machines or as large containers that store or facilitate the chemical reactions of other molecules . Whatever they do , their functional mechanisms are tightly linked to their... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"resonance",
"frequency",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"vibration",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"organic",
"compounds",
"retroviruses",
"vir... | 2018 | All-atom normal mode dynamics of HIV-1 capsid |
CD95/Fas/APO-1 is a member of the death receptor family that triggers apoptotic and anti-apoptotic responses in particular , NF-κB . These responses are characterized by a strong heterogeneity within a population of cells . To determine how the cell decides between life and death we developed a computational model supp... | Activation of death receptor ( DR ) family has been reported to activate both apoptotic as well as anti-apoptotic responses . Molecular mechanisms underlying the intricate details of this crosstalk have not been established yet . Here we show that these pathways are triggered simultaneously in one cell . Furthermore , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"flow",
"cytometry",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"dose",
"prediction",
"methods",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"cell",
"processes",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"oncology",
"pharmaceutics",
"immunoprecipitation",
"research",
"and",
"analysis"... | 2018 | Quantitative single cell analysis uncovers the life/death decision in CD95 network |
There is a significant need for improved treatments for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis , diseases caused by filarial worm infection . In particular , an agent able to selectively kill adult worms ( macrofilaricide ) would be expected to substantially augment the benefits of mass drug administration ( MDA ) wit... | The Wolbachia bacterium lives symbiotically within the filarial worms that cause onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis . In the absence of these bacteria juvenile worms cannot mature , females are unable to reproduce , and the worm life-span is significantly shortened . Thus , anti-Wolbachia therapy would seem to be ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"drugs",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"acylation",
"wolbachia",
"antimalarials",
"esters",
"antibiotics",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"pharmacolo... | 2019 | Discovery of ABBV-4083, a novel analog of Tylosin A that has potent anti-Wolbachia and anti-filarial activity |
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