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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fusion proteins composed of the histone methyltransferase mixed-lineage leukemia ( MLL ) and a variety of unrelated fusion partners are highly leukemogenic . Despite their prevalence , particularly in pediatric acute leukemia , many molecular details of their transforming mechanism are unknown . Here , we provide mecha... | The expression level of a gene needs to be precisely adjusted to ensure proper function . Adjustments can be imposed at different stages during the overall process of gene expression , including transcription initiation , transcript elongation , and transcript processing . If control of one of these mechanisms fails , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"hematology/acute",
"lymphoblastic",
"leukemia",
"hematology/pediatric",
"hematology",
"molecular",
"biology/transcription",
"elongation",
"oncology/hematological",
"malignancies",
"hematology/acute",
"myeloid",
"leukemia"
] | 2009 | Misguided Transcriptional Elongation Causes Mixed Lineage Leukemia |
The pancreatic islets of Langerhans are multicellular micro-organs integral to maintaining glucose homeostasis through secretion of the hormone insulin . β-cells within the islet exist as a highly coupled electrical network which coordinates electrical activity and insulin release at high glucose , but leads to global ... | As science has successfully broken down the elements of many biological systems , the network dynamics of large-scale cellular interactions has emerged as a new frontier . One way to understand how dynamical elements within large networks behave collectively is via mathematical modeling . Diabetes , which is of increas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"biological",
"systems",
"engineering",
"bioengineering",
"computer",
"and",
"infor... | 2014 | Phase Transitions in the Multi-cellular Regulatory Behavior of Pancreatic Islet Excitability |
Detailed modeling and simulation of biochemical systems is complicated by the problem of combinatorial complexity , an explosion in the number of species and reactions due to myriad protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications . Rule-based modeling overcomes this problem by representing molecules a... | Rule-based modeling is a modeling paradigm that addresses the problem of combinatorial complexity in biochemical systems . The key idea is to specify only those components of a biological macromolecule that are directly involved in a biochemical transformation . Until recently , this “pattern-based” approach greatly si... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"computer",
"modeling",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Exact Hybrid Particle/Population Simulation of Rule-Based Models of Biochemical Systems |
Immunizing human volunteers by mosquito bite with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites ( RAS ) results in high-level protection against infection . Only two volunteers have been similarly immunized with P . vivax ( Pv ) RAS , and both were protected . A phase 2 controlled clinical trial was conducted ... | Despite the advances in Plasmodium falciparum ( Pf ) vaccine development , progress in developing P . vivax ( Pv ) vaccines lags far behind . Immunization via mosquito bites with Pf radiation-attenuated sporozoites ( RAS ) has been the gold standard model for induction of sterile protection against malaria infection an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"parasitology",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"parasitemia",
"bacterial",
... | 2016 | Protective Efficacy of Plasmodium vivax Radiation-Attenuated Sporozoites in Colombian Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
Ideal decision-makers should constantly assess all sources of information about opportunities and threats , and be able to redetermine their choices promptly in the face of change . However , perpetual monitoring and reassessment impose inordinate sensing and computational costs , making them impractical for animals an... | Animals should ideally be able to monitor all relevant aspects of their environment constantly and be ever prepared to alter their course of action in the face of unexpected change . However , the impractically high costs of continual monitoring and deliberation mean that a more realistic strategy is required . Here , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"decision",
"making",
"predator-prey",
"dynamics",
"population",
"dynamics",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"hormones",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"anima... | 2018 | Interrupting behaviour: Minimizing decision costs via temporal commitment and low-level interrupts |
The role of stochasticity on gene expression is widely discussed . Both potential advantages and disadvantages have been revealed . In some systems , noise in gene expression has been quantified , in among others the lac operon of Escherichia coli . Whether stochastic gene expression in this system is detrimental or be... | Gene expression is a process that is inherently stochastic because of the low number of molecules that are involved . In recent years it has become possible to measure the amount of stochasticity in gene expression , which has inspired a debate about the importance of stochasticity in gene expression . Little attention... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"eubacteria",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | The Effect of Stochasticity on the Lac Operon: An Evolutionary Perspective |
Microsatellite expansions cause a number of dominantly-inherited neurological diseases . Expansions in coding-regions cause protein gain-of-function effects , while non-coding expansions produce toxic RNAs that alter RNA splicing activities of MBNL and CELF proteins . Bi-directional expression of the spinocerebellar at... | We describe several lines of evidence that RNA gain-of-function effects play a significant role in spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 ( SCA8 ) and has broader implications for understanding the CNS effects of other trinucleotide expansion disorders including myotonic dystrophy type 1 , Huntington disease like-2 , and spinoc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/motor",
"systems",
"neurological",
"disorders/neuroimaging",
"neurological",
"disorders/movement",
"disorders",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/geneti... | 2009 | RNA Gain-of-Function in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 8 |
Plant volatiles play important roles in attraction of certain pollinators and in host location by herbivorous insects . Virus infection induces changes in plant volatile emission profiles , and this can make plants more attractive to insect herbivores , such as aphids , that act as viral vectors . However , it is unkno... | Cucumber mosaic virus , an important pathogen of tomato , causes plants to emit volatile chemicals that attract bumblebees . Bumblebees are important tomato pollinators , but do not transmit this virus . We propose that under natural conditions , helping host reproduction by encouraging bee visitation might represent a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"brassica",
"animals",
"organic",
"compounds",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"crops",
"volatile",
"organic",
"compounds",
"plants",
"flowering",
"plants",
"bees",
"arabidopsis",
"thaliana",
"resea... | 2016 | Virus Infection of Plants Alters Pollinator Preference: A Payback for Susceptible Hosts? |
To assess the burden of neurocysticercosis ( NCC ) in California we examined statewide hospital discharge data for 2009 . There were 304 cases hospitalized with NCC identified ( incidence = 0 . 8 per 100 , 000 ) . Cases were mostly Latino ( 84 . 9% ) , slightly more likely to be male than female ( men 57 . 6% , women 4... | Neurocysticercosis ( NCC ) is considered one of the major neglected infections of poverty in the United States , with mortality studies indicating that California bears the highest burden of this disease . Although NCC is a reportable disease in California , studies indicate that this disease goes largely under-reporte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"mathematical",
"computing",
"mathematics",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"neurology",
"mathematical",
"economics"
] | 2012 | The Impact of Neurocysticercosis in California: A Review of Hospitalized Cases |
In China , dengue remains an important public health issue with expanded areas and increased incidence recently . Accurate and timely forecasts of dengue incidence in China are still lacking . We aimed to use the state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms to develop an accurate predictive model of dengue . Weekly den... | Dengue epidemics have posed a great burden expanding of disease , with areas expanding and incidence increasing in China recently . It has remained challenging to develop a robust and accurate forecast model and enhance predictability of dengue incidence . Several state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms , includin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"machine",
"learning",
"algorithms",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"china",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"regression",
"analysis",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"... | 2017 | Developing a dengue forecast model using machine learning: A case study in China |
Profiling amino acids and acylcarnitines in whole blood spots is a powerful tool in the laboratory diagnosis of several inborn errors of metabolism . Emerging data suggests that altered blood levels of amino acids and acylcarnitines are also associated with common metabolic diseases in adults . Thus , the identificatio... | Human metabolite levels differ between individuals due to environmental and genetic factors . In the present work , we analyzed whole blood levels of amino acids and acylcarnitines , reflecting disease relevant metabolic pathways , in a cohort of 2 , 107 individuals . We then performed a genome wide association analysi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Integration of Genome-Wide SNP Data and Gene-Expression Profiles Reveals Six Novel Loci and Regulatory Mechanisms for Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines in Whole Blood |
Epidemiological studies suggest that allergy risk is preferentially transmitted through mothers . This can be due to genomic imprinting , where the phenotype effect of an allele depends on its parental origin , or due to maternal effects reflecting the maternal genome's influence on the child during prenatal developmen... | Most human diseases are caused by a combination of multiple environmental and genetic influences . The widely used case/control approach aims to identify disease risk genes by comparing the genetic constitution of affected and healthy individuals . Although successful , this approach ignores additional mechanisms influ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Maternal Filaggrin Mutations Increase the Risk of Atopic Dermatitis in Children: An Effect Independent of Mutation Inheritance |
The two available drugs for treatment of T . cruzi infection , nifurtimox and benznidazole ( BZ ) , have potential toxic side effects and variable efficacy , contributing to their low rate of use . With scant economic resources available for antiparasitic drug discovery and development , inexpensive , high-throughput a... | The treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi infection ( the cause of human Chagas disease ) remains a significant challenge . Only two drugs , both with substantial toxicity , are available and the efficacy of these dugs is often questioned – in many cases due to the limitations of the methods for assessing efficacy rather than... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/antimicrobials",
"and",
"drug",
"resistance"
] | 2010 | In Vitro and In Vivo High-Throughput Assays for the Testing of Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Compounds |
Vibrio cholerae , the causative agent of the cholera disease , is commonly used as a model organism for the study of bacteria with multipartite genomes . Its two chromosomes of different sizes initiate their DNA replication at distinct time points in the cell cycle and terminate in synchrony . In this study , the time-... | Most bacteria encode their genetic information on a single chromosome . The pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae is an exception to this rule and carries two chromosomes of different sizes , each having one origin of replication . A very basic research question is how the replication of the two chromosomes is timed sta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"vibrio",
"cell",
"processes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"microbiology",
"operons",
"vibrio",
"cholerae",
"rrna",
"operons",
"dna",
... | 2018 | Synchronous termination of replication of the two chromosomes is an evolutionary selected feature in Vibrionaceae |
Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides are a key constituent of the extracellular matrix material of biofilms . Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a model organism for biofilm studies and produces three extracellular polysaccharides that have been implicated in biofilm development , alginate , Psl and Pel . Significant work ha... | Most bacteria live within biofilm communities , which are a complex population of microorganisms that attach to surfaces and produce copious amounts of extracellular matrix material . Exopolysaccharides are a key feature of the extracellular matrix and are found in many forms , ranging from structurally simple linear h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | The Pel Polysaccharide Can Serve a Structural and Protective Role in the Biofilm Matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
There is considerable debate as to the nature of the primary parasite-derived moieties that activate innate pro-inflammatory responses during malaria infection . Microparticles ( MPs ) , which are produced by numerous cell types following vesiculation of the cellular membrane as a consequence of cell death or immune-ac... | Although parasite materials are responsible for the activation of the immune system during malaria infection , exactly how the immune response is initiated during infection is extremely unclear . In this study we demonstrate that sub micron particles ( microparticles ) are produced by malaria infected red blood cells d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"pathology/immunology",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2010 | Parasite-Derived Plasma Microparticles Contribute Significantly to Malaria Infection-Induced Inflammation through Potent Macrophage Stimulation |
Constitutive heterochromatin is enriched in repetitive sequences and histone H3-methylated-at-lysine 9 . Both components contribute to heterochromatin's ability to silence euchromatic genes . However , heterochromatin also harbors hundreds of expressed genes in organisms such as Drosophila . Recent studies have provide... | The chromosomal domain “heterochromatin” was first defined at the cytological level by its deeply staining appearance compared to more lightly stained domains called “euchromatin . ” Abnormal juxtaposition of these two domains by chromosome rearrangements results in silencing of the nearby euchromatic genes . This effe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"drosophila",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | Molecular Landscape of Modified Histones in Drosophila Heterochromatic Genes and Euchromatin-Heterochromatin Transition Zones |
Neuronal information processing is regulated by fast and localized fluctuations of brain states . Brain states reliably switch between distinct spatiotemporal signatures at a network scale even though they are composed of heterogeneous and variable rhythms at a cellular scale . We investigated the mechanisms of this ne... | Brain information processing involves electrophysiological signals at multiple temporal and spatial timescales , from the single neuron level to whole brain areas . A fast and local control of these signals by neurochemicals called neuromodulators is essential in complex tasks such as movement initiation and attentiona... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"action",
"potentials",
"neural",
"networks",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"nervous",
"system",
"electrical",
"circuits",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"ion",
"channels",
"co... | 2018 | Switchable slow cellular conductances determine robustness and tunability of network states |
The ability to screen compounds in a high-throughput manner is essential in the process of small molecule drug discovery . Critical to the success of screening strategies is the proper design of the assay , often implying a compromise between ease/speed and a biologically relevant setting . Leishmaniasis is a major neg... | Leishmaniasis , a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania , is a poverty-related disease threatening 350 million people throughout the world . Drugs currently available to treat this disease are toxic to the patient and drug-resistant parasites are emerging . New therapeutics are therefore needed ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"small",
"molecules",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"parasitology",
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"leishmania",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"drug",
"discovery",
"biochemistry",
... | 2011 | A Screen against Leishmania Intracellular Amastigotes: Comparison to a Promastigote Screen and Identification of a Host Cell-Specific Hit |
The Neurospora crassa mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase ( mtTyrRS; CYT-18 protein ) evolved a new function as a group I intron splicing factor by acquiring the ability to bind group I intron RNAs and stabilize their catalytically active RNA structure . Previous studies showed: ( i ) CYT-18 binds group I introns by ... | The acquisition of new modes of post-transcriptional gene regulation played an important role in the evolution of eukaryotes and was achieved by an increase in the number of RNA-binding proteins with new functions . RNA-binding proteins bind directly to double- or single-stranded RNA and regulate many cellular processe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"rna-binding",
"proteins",
"rna",
"rna",
"structure",
"rna",
"folding",
"protein",
"structure",
"determination",
"rna",
"processing",
"molecular",
"complexes",
"proteins",
"enzymes",
"protein",
"structure",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"enzymolo... | 2014 | Evolution of RNA-Protein Interactions: Non-Specific Binding Led to RNA Splicing Activity of Fungal Mitochondrial Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetases |
Neutrophils are known to play a major role in the egg granulomatous lesions caused by Schistosoma japonicum , but the precise mechanism by which eggs recruit or active neutrophil is unknown . Here we report S . japonicum egg specific EF-hand protein-SjE16 . 7 is a potent neutrophil recruiter and initiates the egg assoc... | As a neglected disease , schistosomiasis continues to be a significant cause of parasitic morbidity and mortality worldwide . Schistosoma japonicum is one of the major causative agents of human schistosomiasis . Trapped in the liver or intestinal tissue , S . japonicum eggs are the main cause of pathology following inf... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"parasitology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | Schistosoma japonicum Egg Specific Protein SjE16.7 Recruits Neutrophils and Induces Inflammatory Hepatic Granuloma Initiation |
Bolivia has the highest prevalence of Chagas disease ( CD ) in the world ( 6 . 1% ) , with more than 607 , 186 people with Trypanosoma cruzi infection , most of them adults . In Bolivia CD has been declared a national priority . In 2009 , the Chagas National Program ( ChNP ) had neither a protocol nor a clear directive... | Bolivia has the highest prevalence of Chagas disease ( CD ) in the world ( 6 . 1% ) , with more than 607 , 186 people with Trypanosoma cruzi infection . In Bolivia , the management of CD has been declared a national priority . In 2009 , the Chagas National Program ( ChNP ) had neither a protocol nor a clear directive f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"health",
"care",
"organisms",
"age",
"groups",
"adults",
"protozoans",
"pharmaceutics",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
... | 2017 | A strategy for scaling up access to comprehensive care in adults with Chagas disease in endemic countries: The Bolivian Chagas Platform |
Depolarization of presynaptic terminals stimulates calcium influx , which evokes neurotransmitter release and activates phosphorylation-based signalling . Here , we present the first global temporal profile of presynaptic activity-dependent phospho-signalling , which includes two KCl stimulation levels and analysis of ... | Neurobiological processes are altered by linking neuronal activity to regulated changes in protein phosphorylation levels that influence protein function . Although some of the major targets of activity-dependent phospho-signalling have been identified , a large number of substrates remain unknown . Here , we have scre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"nervous",
"system",
"enzymes",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"enzymology",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"phosphatases",
"synaptic",
"vesicles",
"synaptosomes",
"network",
"analysis",
"c... | 2019 | The temporal profile of activity-dependent presynaptic phospho-signalling reveals long-lasting patterns of poststimulus regulation |
In recent years different types of structural variants ( SVs ) have been discovered in the human genome and their functional impact has become increasingly clear . Inversions , however , are poorly characterized and more difficult to study , especially those mediated by inverted repeats or segmental duplications . Here... | Inversions have been an evolutionary biology model for almost a century , and recently the discovery of a high amount of structural variation in multiple organisms , including humans , has renewed the interest in them . Since early on , it was shown that they were adaptive and that they were involved in human diseases ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"genome",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"population",
"biology",
"structural",
"genomics"
] | 2014 | Validation and Genotyping of Multiple Human Polymorphic Inversions Mediated by Inverted Repeats Reveals a High Degree of Recurrence |
The vascular wilt fungi Verticillium dahliae and V . albo-atrum infect over 200 plant species , causing billions of dollars in annual crop losses . The characteristic wilt symptoms are a result of colonization and proliferation of the pathogens in the xylem vessels , which undergo fluctuations in osmolarity . To gain i... | Vascular wilts are chronic and very often severe plant diseases that cause billions of dollars in annual crop losses . The characteristic wilt symptom is a result of water blockage caused by the colonization and proliferation of pathogenic microbes in the plant xylem , a water-conducting system . We sequenced genomes o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"evolution",
"plant",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"plant",
"science",
"fungal",
"evolution",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"plant",
"pathology",
"genome",
"complexity",
"mycology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology"... | 2011 | Comparative Genomics Yields Insights into Niche Adaptation of Plant Vascular Wilt Pathogens |
In developing brain neuronal migration , dendrite outgrowth and dendritic spine outgrowth are controlled by Cdc42 , a small GTPase of the Rho family , and its activators . Cdc42 function in promoting actin polymerization is crucial for glutamatergic synapse regulation . Here , we focus on GABAergic synapse-specific act... | GABAergic inhibition regulates distinct stages of brain development; however , cellular mechanisms downstream of GABAA receptors ( GABAARs ) that influence neuronal migration , maturation and synaptogenesis are less clear . ArfGEF9 encodes for RhoGEF with Cdc42 and TC10 GTPase as its substrates . Interestingly , ArhGEF... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurogenesis",
"nervous",
"system",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"developmental",
"biology",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"neuronal",
"dendrites",
"cytoskeleton",
"contractile",
"protein... | 2017 | RhoGEF9 splice isoforms influence neuronal maturation and synapse formation downstream of α2 GABAA receptors |
Plasmodium yoelii YM asexual blood stage parasites express multiple members of the py235 gene family , part of the super-family of genes including those coding for Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding proteins and Plasmodium falciparum RH proteins . We previously identified a Py235 erythrocyte binding protein ( Py235E... | Malaria parasites invade erythrocytes where they develop and multiply before bursting out and invading fresh cells . There are sequential steps to invasion; early in the process , specific parasite proteins bind to molecules on the surface of the erythrocyte . Tight binding forms a junction between parasite and host ce... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"adhesion"
] | 2011 | Targeted Disruption of py235ebp-1: Invasion of
Erythrocytes by Plasmodium yoelii Using an Alternative Py235
Erythrocyte Binding Protein |
A crucial step in the development of muscle cells in all metazoan animals is the assembly and anchorage of the sarcomere , the essential repeat unit responsible for muscle contraction . In Caenorhabditis elegans , many of the critical proteins involved in this process have been uncovered through mutational screens focu... | Muscular diseases affect many people worldwide . While we have learned much about the sarcomere , the basic building block of muscle cells , there are still numerous questions that remain to be answered . We must learn more about proteins expressed in muscle and how they interact so that better treatments for myopathie... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"adhesion",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics"
] | 2009 | An Integrated Strategy to Study Muscle Development and Myofilament Structure in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Schistosome parasites cause schistosomiasis , one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide . For decades Praziquantel ( PZQ ) is the only drug widely used for controlling schistosomiasis . The absence of a vaccine and fear of PZQ resistance have motivated the search for alternatives . Studies on protein kina... | Schistosomiasis is an infectious disease caused by schistosome parasites , affecting millions of people worldwide . The pathogenic consequences of schistosomiasis are caused by the eggs inducing severe organ inflammations . Praziquantel is widely used to treat schistosomiasis; however , there is fear of resistance deve... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"functional",
"genomics",
"animal",
"genetics",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"parasite",
"physiol... | 2014 | Imatinib Treatment Causes Substantial Transcriptional Changes in Adult Schistosoma mansoni In Vitro Exhibiting Pleiotropic Effects |
Following injury , axons of the peripheral nervous system have retained the capacity for regeneration . While it is well established that injury signals require molecular motors for their transport from the injury site to the nucleus , whether kinesin and dynein motors play additional roles in peripheral nerve regenera... | Nerve regeneration requires coordinated responses from multiple cell types after injury . Axons must extend from the neuronal cell body back towards their targets , while surrounding Schwann cells enter a repair cell state in which they promote regeneration . While nerves of the peripheral nervous system can regrow , i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microtubules",
"nervous",
"system",
"cell",
"processes",
"neuroscience",
"macroglial",
"cells",
"motor",
"neurons",
"nerve",
"regeneration",
"developmental",
"biology",
"dyneins",
"molecular",
"motors",
"organism",
"development",
... | 2019 | Dynein promotes sustained axonal growth and Schwann cell remodeling early during peripheral nerve regeneration |
While C57BL/6 mice infected in the ear with L . major mount a vigorous Th1 response and resolve their lesions , the Th1 response in C57BL/6 mice infected with L . mexicana is more limited , resulting in chronic , non-healing lesions . The aim of this study was to determine if the limited immune response following infec... | Leishmaniasis , caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus , Leishmania , exhibits clinical symptoms ranging from mild cutaneous lesions to more severe cutaneous or visceral disease . Here , we focus on L . major and L . mexicana , two species that lead to self-resolving and chronic cutaneous lesions , respec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"adaptive",
"immunity",
"immune",
"cells",
"monocytes",
"immunity",
"innate",
"immunity",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"parasitology",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2012 | Leishmania mexicana Induces Limited Recruitment and Activation of Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Early during Infection |
Allele-specific DNA methylation ( ASM ) is well studied in imprinted domains , but this type of epigenetic asymmetry is actually found more commonly at non-imprinted loci , where the ASM is dictated not by parent-of-origin but instead by the local haplotype . We identified loci with strong ASM in human tissues from met... | Allele-specific DNA methylation ( ASM ) is a central mechanism of gene regulation in humans , which can influence inter-individual differences in physical and mental traits and disease susceptibility . ASM is mediated either by parental imprinting , in which the repressed copy ( allele ) of the gene is determined by wh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"developmental",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"clinical",
"genetics"
] | 2013 | Comparative Anatomy of Chromosomal Domains with Imprinted and Non-Imprinted Allele-Specific DNA Methylation |
The unfolded protein response ( UPR ) in the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) and the cytoplasmic heat stress response are two major stress response systems necessary for maintaining proteostasis for cellular health . Failure of either of these systems , such as in sustained UPR activation or in insufficient heat shock res... | Tauopathy including Alzheimer’s disease ( AD ) is characterized by a build-up of tau aggregates in the brain , highly associated with failure of cellular protein homeostasis . Proteostasis can be achieved by protein quality control system to cope with numerous stresses such as proteotoxic stress from misfolded proteins... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"cell",
"processes",
"endoplasmic",
"reticulum",
"brain",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"models",
"protein",
"expression",
"model",
"organisms",
"ex... | 2017 | Bidirectional interplay of HSF1 degradation and UPR activation promotes tau hyperphosphorylation |
The tick-borne flavivirus , Kyasanur Forest disease virus ( KFDV ) causes seasonal infections and periodic outbreaks in south-west India . The current vaccine offers poor protection with reported issues of coverage and immunogenicity . Since there are no approved prophylactic therapeutics for KFDV , type I IFN-α/β subt... | Since 1957 Kyasanur Forest disease virus ( KFDV ) has caused seasonal infections and periodic outbreaks in south-west India . It is estimated that nearly 500 people acquire KFDV annually and 3–5% of those infected succumb to the disease . The vaccine strategy is complicated by the lack of coverage , compliance and effi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"japanese",
"encephalitis",
"virus",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicular",
"stomatitis",
"virus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"toxicology",
"viruses",
"rna",
"vir... | 2016 | Limited Effects of Type I Interferons on Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus in Cell Culture |
Recent comprehensive sequence analysis of the maize genome now permits detailed discovery and description of all transposable elements ( TEs ) in this complex nuclear environment . Reiteratively optimized structural and homology criteria were used in the computer-assisted search for retroelements , TEs that transpose b... | Although TEs are a major component of all studied plant genomes , and are the most significant contributors to genome structure and evolution in almost all eukaryotes that have been investigated , their properties and reasons for existence are not well understood in any eukaryotic genome . In order to begin a comprehen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genome",
"projects",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/plant",
"genomes",
"and",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics"
] | 2009 | Exceptional Diversity, Non-Random Distribution, and Rapid Evolution of Retroelements in the B73 Maize Genome |
Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) infections are life-threating to people with a compromised or immature immune system . Upon adhesion , fusion of the virus envelope with the host cell is initiated . In this step , the viral glycoprotein gB is considered to represent the major fusogen . Here , we present for the first tim... | Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) belongs to the family of β-herpes viruses . HCMV infections are not only life threatening to people with a compromised immune system but also the most common viral cause of congenital defects in newborns . Hence , the development of HCMV vaccines was ranked top priority by the US Institut... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"structural",
"characterization",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"biology",
"macromolecular",
"crystallography",
"genetics",
"x-ray",
"crystallography",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"congenital",
"disorders"... | 2014 | Structural Basis for the Recognition of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B by a Neutralizing Human Antibody |
Selective IgA deficiency ( IgAD; serum IgA<0 . 07 g/l ) is the most common form of human primary immune deficiency , affecting approximately 1∶600 individuals in populations of Northern European ancestry . The polygenic nature of IgAD is underscored by the recent identification of several new risk genes in a genome-wid... | The human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) locus is robustly associated with many immune-mediated conditions . However , identification of the genetic variants contributing to the disease pathophysiology has been greatly hampered by the extensive chromosomal conservation within this genomic region . To better understand the a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunity",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"immunology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | High-Density SNP Mapping of the HLA Region Identifies Multiple Independent Susceptibility Loci Associated with Selective IgA Deficiency |
Nucleoporins build the nuclear pore complex ( NPC ) , which , as sole gate for nuclear-cytoplasmic exchange , is of outmost importance for normal cell function . Defects in the process of nucleocytoplasmic transport or in its machinery have been frequently described in human diseases , such as cancer and neurodegenerat... | Fetal movement is a prerequisite for normal fetal development and growth . Fetal akinesia deformation sequence ( FADS ) is the result of decreased fetal movement coinciding with congenital malformations related to impaired fetal movement . FADS may be caused by heterogenous defects at any point along the motor system p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"fish",
"neuromuscular",
"junctions",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"hela",
"cells",
"nervous",
"system",
"biological",
"cultures",
"vertebrates",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"d... | 2018 | Biallelic mutations in nucleoporin NUP88 cause lethal fetal akinesia deformation sequence |
River blindness ( onchocerciasis ) causes severe itching , skin lesions , and vision impairment including blindness . More than 99% of all current cases are found in sub-Saharan Africa . Fortunately , vector control and community-directed treatment with ivermectin have significantly reduced morbidity . Studies in Mali ... | River blindness ( onchocerciasis ) is transmitted by blackflies and causes severe itching , skin lesions , and vision impairment including blindness . More than 99% of all current cases are found in sub-Saharan Africa where the disease has historically hindered socioeconomic development in endemic areas . The treatment... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Control, Elimination, and Eradication of River Blindness: Scenarios, Timelines, and Ivermectin Treatment Needs in Africa |
We introduce a computational model to simulate chromatin structure and dynamics . Starting from one-dimensional genomics and epigenomics data that are available for hundreds of cell types , this model enables de novo prediction of chromatin structures at five-kilo-base resolution . Simulated chromatin structures recapi... | Three-dimensional genome organization is expected to play crucial roles in regulating gene expression and establishing cell fate , and has inspired the development of numerous innovative experimental techniques for its characterization . Though significant progress has been made , it remains challenging to construct ch... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"histone",
"modification",
"chromosome",
"mapping",
"mathematics",
"materials",
"science",
"algebra",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"macromolecules",
"structural",
"genomics",
"chromatin",
"research",
"and... | 2019 | Predicting three-dimensional genome organization with chromatin states |
Gaining insights into genetic predisposition to age-related diseases and lifespan is a challenging task complicated by the elusive role of evolution in these phenotypes . To gain more insights , we combined methods of genome-wide and candidate-gene studies . Genome-wide scan in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (... | Biomedical research and medical care are traditionally focused on individual health conditions in order to postpone , ameliorate , or prevent the accumulation of morbidities in late life . An attractive idea is to find factors , which could reduce burden of not just one disease but a major subset of them to efficiently... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"biomarkers",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"endocrine",
"disorders",
"coronary",
"heart",
"disease",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"alzheimer",
"disease",
"cardiology",
"research",
"and",
... | 2016 | Pleiotropic Associations of Allelic Variants in a 2q22 Region with Risks of Major Human Diseases and Mortality |
Transcription factor ( TF ) proteins recognize a small number of DNA sequences with high specificity and control the expression of neighbouring genes . The evolution of TF binding preference has been the subject of a number of recent studies , in which generalized binding profiles have been introduced and used to impro... | Transcription factors are primary regulators of gene expression . They usually recognize short DNA sequences in gene promoters and subsequently alter their transcription rate . It is known that structurally related transcription factors often recognize similar DNA-binding patterns ( or motifs ) . Comparison of these mo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"eukaryotes",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | DNA Familial Binding Profiles Made Easy: Comparison of Various Motif Alignment and Clustering Strategies |
Invertebrate stages of Leishmania are capable of genetic exchange during their extracellular growth and development in the sand fly vector . Here we explore two variables: the ability of diverse L . major strains from across its natural range to undergo mating in pairwise tests; and the timing of the appearance of hybr... | Leishmania are pathogenic protozoa characterized by substantial diversity in the sand fly species that can transmit them , in the mammalian species that can serve as their reservoir hosts , and in the disease forms and severity of the clinical outcomes they can produce in humans . The possibility that this diversity ha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2013 | The Mating Competence of Geographically Diverse Leishmania major Strains in Their Natural and Unnatural Sand Fly Vectors |
Stem cells reside in a particular microenvironment known as a niche . The interaction between extrinsic cues originating from the niche and intrinsic factors in stem cells determines their identity and activity . Maintenance of stem cell identity and stem cell self-renewal are known to be controlled by chromatin factor... | Tissue maintenance and repair rely on adult stem cells , which can divide to generate new stem cells as well as cells committed for becoming specific cell types . Stem cell activity needs to be tightly controlled because insufficient or unlimited stem cell division may lead to tissue degeneration or tumorigenesis . Thi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"rna",
"interference",
"animals",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"germ",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"stem",
... | 2017 | Enhancer of polycomb coordinates multiple signaling pathways to promote both cyst and germline stem cell differentiation in the Drosophila adult testis |
Chromosomal structural change triggers carcinogenesis and the formation of other genetic diseases . The breakpoint junctions of these rearrangements often contain small overlapping sequences called “microhomology , ” yet the genetic pathway ( s ) responsible have yet to be defined . We report a simple genetic system to... | Cancer results from an accumulation of mutations that transform a normal cell into one that proliferates uncontrollably . DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) can lead to genetic mutations and chromosome rearrangements , underscoring the importance of functional DNA DSB repair pathways in the maintenance of chromosome int... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Microhomology Directs Diverse DNA Break Repair Pathways and Chromosomal Translocations |
Simulation of biomolecular networks is now indispensable for studying biological systems , from small reaction networks to large ensembles of cells . Here we present a novel approach for stochastic simulation of networks embedded in the dynamic environment of the cell and its surroundings . We thus sample trajectories ... | Simulation algorithms have become indispensable tools in modern quantitative biology , providing deep insight into many biochemical systems , including gene regulatory networks . However , current stochastic simulation approaches handle the effects of fluctuating extracellular signals and upstream processes poorly , ei... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"signaling",
"networks",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"circadian",
"oscillators",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mathematics",
"network",
"analysis",
"chronobiology",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
... | 2016 | Stochastic Simulation of Biomolecular Networks in Dynamic Environments |
The Caenorhabditis elegans class A and B synthetic multivulva ( synMuv ) genes redundantly antagonize an EGF/Ras pathway to prevent ectopic vulval induction . We identify a class A synMuv mutation in the promoter of the lin-3 EGF gene , establishing that lin-3 is the key biological target of the class A synMuv genes in... | Extracellular signals that drive cells to divide must be carefully restricted so that only the correct cells receive those signals . Failure to properly control the expression of signaling molecules can lead to aberrant development and cancer . Studies of vulval development in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"molecular",
"development",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"pattern",
"formation",
... | 2011 | The Caenorhabditis elegans Synthetic Multivulva Genes Prevent Ras Pathway Activation by Tightly Repressing Global Ectopic Expression of lin-3 EGF |
In most sexually reproducing organisms , the fundamental process of meiosis is implemented concurrently with two differentiation programs that occur at different rates and generate distinct cell types , sperm and oocytes . However , little is known about how the meiotic program is influenced by such contrasting develop... | Sperm and oocytes contribute equal but unique complements of DNA to each new life . Both types of cells arise from meiosis , a multi-step program during which chromosomes replicate , pair and recombine , then divide to generate haploid gametes . Simultaneously , each cell type also differentiates via distinct developme... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/germ",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"cell",
... | 2009 | Spermatogenesis-Specific Features of the Meiotic Program in Caenorhabditis elegans |
In this study we compared the utility of two molecular biology techniques , cloning of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene and hydrolysis probe-based qPCR , to identify blood meal sources of sylvatic Chagas disease insect vectors collected with live-bait mouse traps ( also known as Noireau traps ) . Fourteen T . g... | The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that 7 to 8 million people are currently infected with Trypanosoma cruzi , the parasite that causes Chagas disease . The WHO recommends insect vector control as the primary prevention method; and insecticide spraying is the most commonly used intervention technique . Sylv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chagas",
"disease",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"protozoan",
"infections",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | Sources of Blood Meals of Sylvatic Triatoma guasayana near Zurima, Bolivia, Assayed with qPCR and 12S Cloning |
Diverse sex-chromosome systems are found in vertebrates , particularly in teleost fishes , where different systems can be found in closely related species . Several mechanisms have been proposed for the rapid turnover of sex chromosomes , including the transposition of an existing sex-determination gene , the appearanc... | Sex chromosomes have independently evolved many times in animals , plants , and fungi . Although some sex chromosomes have been maintained across different species for over a hundred million years , there are other systems in which sex chromosomes appear to turn over within a few million years . Because sex determinati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | Turnover of Sex Chromosomes in the Stickleback Fishes (Gasterosteidae) |
Efficient cognitive decisions should be adjustable to incoming novel information . However , most current models of decision making have so far neglected any potential interaction between intentional and stimulus-driven decisions . We report here behavioral results and a new model on the interaction between a perceptua... | The topic of our study is the interaction between intentional and externally-driven actions . The contemporary literature on motor control in primates clearly distinguishes two neural mechanisms for these two types of actions . We believe that this distinction is artefactual and comes in part from the fact that intenti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"psychology",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"sciences",
"mental",
"health",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2013 | Dual Process for Intentional and Reactive Decisions |
Cell differentiation is remarkably stable but can be reversed by somatic cell nuclear transfer , cell fusion , and iPS . Nuclear transfer to amphibian oocytes provides a special opportunity to test transcriptional reprogramming without cell division . We show here that , after nuclear transfer to amphibian oocytes , mi... | Cells are dividing very actively at a time in development when new gene expression and new cell lineages arise . At mitosis , most transcription factors are temporarily displaced from chromosomes . We show that , after transplantation to oocytes , somatic cell nuclei that have been synchronized in mitosis can be reprog... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Mitosis Gives a Brief Window of Opportunity for a Change in Gene Transcription |
Adaptive collective systems are common in biology and beyond . Typically , such systems require a task allocation algorithm: a mechanism or rule-set by which individuals select particular roles . Here we study the performance of such task allocation mechanisms measured in terms of the time for individuals to allocate t... | Many complex systems have to allocate their units to different functions: cells in an embryo develop into different tissues , servers in a computer cluster perform different calculations , and insect workers choose particular tasks , such as brood care or foraging . Here we demonstrate that this process does not automa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"honey",
"bees",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"animals",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"social",
"systems",
"algorithms",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"animal",
"behavior",
"probability",
"distribution",
"zoology... | 2017 | Costs of task allocation with local feedback: Effects of colony size and extra workers in social insects and other multi-agent systems |
Mutations of the Wnt5a gene , encoding a ligand of the non-canonical Wnt pathway , and the Ror2 gene , encoding its receptor , have been found in patients with cardiac outflow tract defects . We found that Wnt5a is expressed in the second heart field ( SHF ) , a population of cardiac progenitor cells destined to popula... | We have demonstrated a novel interaction between the Tbx1 gene , the mutation of which causes DiGeorge syndrome , and Wnt5a , another human disease gene , which is important for oriented cell migration and cell polarity . We found that , in mice , reduced dosage of each of the two genes enhances the phenotype caused by... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Transcriptional Control in Cardiac Progenitors: Tbx1 Interacts with the BAF Chromatin Remodeling Complex and Regulates Wnt5a |
Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E . coli ( EPEC and EHEC ) are closely related extracellular pathogens that reorganize host cell actin into “pedestals” beneath the tightly adherent bacteria . This pedestal-forming activity is both a critical step in pathogenesis , and it makes EPEC and EHEC useful models for stu... | Microbial pathogens that rearrange the host actin cytoskeleton have made valuable contributions to our understanding of cell signaling and movement . The assembly and organization of the actin cytoskeleton is driven by proteins called nucleators , which can be manipulated by bacteria including enteropathogenic Escheric... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"hela",
"cells",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"cell",
"processes",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"cell",
"cultures",
"research",... | 2018 | Enteropathogenic E. coli relies on collaboration between the formin mDia1 and the Arp2/3 complex for actin pedestal biogenesis and maintenance |
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) and trans-acting siRNAs ( ta-siRNAs ) are essential to the establishment of adaxial–abaxial ( dorsoventral ) leaf polarity . Tas3-derived ta-siRNAs define the adaxial side of the leaf by restricting the expression domain of miRNA miR166 , which in turn demarcates the abaxial side of leaves by restr... | Small RNAs regulate many key developmental processes . Consistent with a prominent role in development , miRNAs exhibit complex and distinctive expression patterns . In this study , we identify regulatory mechanisms that allow for the precise spatial accumulation of developmentally important small RNAs in plants . Plan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"developmental",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"developmental",
"biology/pattern",
"formation"
] | 2009 | Regulation of Small RNA Accumulation in the Maize Shoot Apex |
In systems and computational biology , much effort is devoted to functional identification of systems and networks at the molecular-or cellular scale . However , similarly important networks exist at anatomical scales such as the tendon network of human fingers: the complex array of collagen fibers that transmits and d... | In science and medicine alike , one of the critical steps to understand the working of organisms is to identify how a given individual is similar or different from others . Only then can the specific features of an individual be distinguished from the general properties of that species . However , doing enough input-ou... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"bioengineering",
"computer",
"science",
"computer",
"modeling",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"engineering"
] | 2012 | Functional Inference of Complex Anatomical Tendinous Networks at a Macroscopic Scale via Sparse Experimentation |
The multifactorial nature of disease motivates the use of systems-level analyses to understand their pathology . We used a systems biology approach to study tau aggregation , one of the hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease . A mathematical model was constructed to capture the current state of knowledge concerning t... | Neurodegenerative disorders , particularly the tauopathy Alzheimer's disease , affect millions of people and cost billions of dollars a year in healthcare costs . Although effective treatments to delay or reverse cognitive decline are still unavailable , several approaches to address this medical need are being pursued... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"neurological",
"disorders"
] | 2010 | Vulnerabilities in the Tau Network and the Role of Ultrasensitive Points in Tau Pathophysiology |
Leishmania donovani , a protozoan parasite is the major causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis . Increased toxicity and resistance to the existing repertoire of drugs has been reported . Hence , an urgent need exists for identifying newer drugs and drug targets . Previous reports have shown sirtuins ( Silent Informa... | Sirtuins are present in most organisms , including plants , bacteria , and animals . They play a vital role in promoting an organism’s health and survival . These proteins are involved in the regulation of several functions in eukaryotic cells , including transcriptional repression , recombination , cell cycle , cellul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"cell",
"cycles",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"multiple",
"alignment",
"calculation",
"developmental... | 2017 | The mitochondrial SIR2 related protein 2 (SIR2RP2) impacts Leishmania donovani growth and infectivity |
Cotrimoxazole prevents opportunistic infections including falciparum malaria in HIV-infected individuals but there are concerns of cross-resistance to other antifolate drugs such as sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine ( SP ) . In this study , we investigated the prevalence of antifolate-resistance mutations in Plasmodium falcip... | Cotrimoxazole , an antifolate , is a fixed-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole used to prevent opportunistic infections including malaria in HIV-infected individuals . There are concerns that widespread use of cotrimoxazole for prophylaxis may result in selection of P . falciparum parasites with cross-resistance to othe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"plasmodium",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"parasitology",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"mutation",
"apicomplexa",
"protozoans",
"public",
"and... | 2019 | The prevalence and antifolate drug resistance profiles of Plasmodium falciparum in study participants randomized to discontinue or continue cotrimoxazole prophylaxis |
Bovine tuberculosis ( bTB ) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is an important re-emerging disease affecting livestock , wildlife and humans . Epidemiological studies are crucial to identifying the source of bTB infection , and its transmission dynamics and host preference , and thus to the implementation of effective strat... | Bovine tuberculosis is a widespread infectious disease affecting both domestic and wild animals , as well as humans . In addition to being of public health concern , the disease , caused mainly by Mycobacterium bovis , has a significant economic impact on the farming industry due to the costs of eradication efforts . I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"ruminants",
"population",
"genetics",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"farms",
"population",
"biology",
"bacteria",
"veterinary",
"science",
"genetic... | 2019 | Genotype diversity and distribution of Mycobacterium bovis from livestock in a small, high-risk area in northeastern Sicily, Italy |
Rabies virus ( RABV ) is a neurotropic virus that depends on long distance axonal transport in order to reach the central nervous system ( CNS ) . The strategy RABV uses to hijack the cellular transport machinery is still not clear . It is thought that RABV interacts with membrane receptors in order to internalize and ... | Rabies virus ( RABV ) is a neurotropic virus that depends on long distance axonal transport in order to reach the central nervous system ( CNS ) . The strategy RABV uses to hijack the cellular transport machinery is unknown . Here we use live cell imaging to track RABV entry at nerve terminals and study its retrograde ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Rabies Virus Hijacks and Accelerates the p75NTR Retrograde Axonal Transport Machinery |
Quantification of gene expression levels at the single cell level has revealed that gene expression can vary substantially even across a population of homogeneous cells . However , it is currently unclear what genomic features control variation in gene expression levels , and whether common genetic variants may impact ... | Common genetic variation can alter the level of average gene expression in human tissues , and through changes in gene expression have downstream consequences on cell function , human development , and human disease . However , human tissues are composed of many cells , each with its own level of gene expression . With... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [] | 2019 | Discovery and characterization of variance QTLs in human induced pluripotent stem cells |
Stimulus-specific adaptation ( SSA ) in single neurons of the auditory cortex was suggested to be a potential neural correlate of the mismatch negativity ( MMN ) , a widely studied component of the auditory event-related potentials ( ERP ) that is elicited by changes in the auditory environment . However , several aspe... | Sensory systems automatically detect salient events in a monotonous ambient background . In humans , this change detection process is indexed by the mismatch negativity ( MMN ) , a mid-late component of the auditory-evoked potentials that has become a central tool in cognitive and clinical neuroscience over the last 40... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"auditory",
"cortex",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"signal",
"processing",
"topographic",
"maps",
"membrane",
"potential",
"brain",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"... | 2016 | Topographic Distribution of Stimulus-Specific Adaptation across Auditory Cortical Fields in the Anesthetized Rat |
Collective motion phenomena in large groups of social organisms have long fascinated the observer , especially in cases , such as bird flocks or fish schools , where large-scale highly coordinated actions emerge in the absence of obvious leaders . However , the mechanisms involved in this self-organized behavior are st... | Swarms of insects , schools of fish and flocks of birds display an impressive variety of collective patterns that emerge from local interactions among group members . These puzzling phenomena raise a variety of questions about the behavioral rules that govern the coordination of individuals' motions and the emergence o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"behavior",
"animal",
"management",
"phase",
"transformation",
"biology",
"agriculture",
"behavioral",
"ecology",
"physics",
"systems",
"biology",
"computer",
"science",
"condensed-matter",
"physics",
"computer",
"modeli... | 2012 | Deciphering Interactions in Moving Animal Groups |
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC ) is an endemic health threat in underdeveloped nations . Despite the significant effort extended to vaccine trials using ETEC colonization factors , these approaches have generally not been especially effective in mediating cross-protective immunity . We used quantitative proteo... | Diarrheal disease is an endemic health threat in underdeveloped nations . One of the major causative agents of diarrheal disease is a group of bacteria collectively known as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC ) . These organisms can cause disease symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to a more severe , cholera-like ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Protective Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Antigens in a Murine Intranasal Challenge Model |
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by thickened scaly red plaques . Previously we have performed a genome-wide association study ( GWAS ) on psoriasis with 1 , 359 cases and 1 , 400 controls , which were genotyped for 447 , 249 SNPs . The most significant finding was for SNP rs12191877 , whic... | Psoriasis ( Ps ) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin , affecting approximately 2% of Europeans . The HLA-C gene , located within the major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) region on chromosome 6 , is the major genetic determinant of psoriasis . However , multiple susceptibility genes within MHC are also hyp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"dermatology/psoriasis",
"and",
"other",
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/medical",
"genetics"
... | 2009 | Multiple Loci within the Major Histocompatibility Complex Confer Risk of Psoriasis |
One-third of the human population is infected with parasitic worms . To avoid being eliminated , these parasites actively dampen the immune response of their hosts . This immune modulation also suppresses immune responses to third-party antigens such as vaccines . Here , we used Litomosoides sigmodontis-infected BALB/c... | Parasitic worms , called helminths , infect one-third of the world population . Despite exposure to their host's immune system many helminths establish chronic infections and survive several years within their host . They avoid elimination by dampening the immune response of their hosts . This immune suppression also a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"antibody-producing",
"cells",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"immune",
"evasion",
"immune",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"animal",
"cells",
"b",
"cells",
"parasitology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"types",
"immunology",
"immune",... | 2014 | Nematode-Induced Interference with Vaccination Efficacy Targets Follicular T Helper Cell Induction and Is Preserved after Termination of Infection |
A population of dynamic apical actin filaments is required for rapid polarized pollen tube growth . However , the cellular mechanisms driving their assembly remain incompletely understood . It was postulated that formin is a major player in nucleating apical actin assembly , but direct genetic and cytological evidence ... | Actin polymerization has been implicated in the regulation of rapid polarized pollen tube growth . The important role of actin polymerization is well appreciated , but the mechanisms that regulate rapid actin polymerization in pollen tubes remain incompletely understood . It was postulated that one of the major actin p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"cell",
"motility",
"actin",
"filaments",
"vesicles",
"cell",
"processes",
"pollen",
"plant",
"science",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"dynamic",
"actin",
"filaments",
"contractile",
"proteins",
"actins",
"actin",
"polymerization",
... | 2018 | Arabidopsis class I formins control membrane-originated actin polymerization at pollen tube tips |
Dietary restriction extends longevity in organisms ranging from bacteria to mice and protects primates from a variety of diseases , but the contribution of each dietary component to aging is poorly understood . Here we demonstrate that glucose and specific amino acids promote stress sensitization and aging through the ... | Calorie restriction ( CR ) , but also the restriction of specific components of the diet , has been known for decades to affect longevity . However , the understanding of how each component of the macronutrients affects longevity and stress resistance is poorly understood , in part because of the complexity of many of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"signal",
"transduction",
"signaling",
"in",
"cellular",
"processes",
"model",
"organisms",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"adenylyl",
"cyclase",
"signaling",
"pathway",
"mechanisms",
"of",
"signal",
"transduction",
"genetics",
"tor",
"signaling",
"ras",
"signaling"... | 2014 | Serine- and Threonine/Valine-Dependent Activation of PDK and Tor Orthologs Converge on Sch9 to Promote Aging |
Accuracy of transcript quantification with RNA-Seq is negatively affected by positional fragment bias . This article introduces Mix2 ( rd . “mixquare” ) , a transcript quantification method which uses a mixture of probability distributions to model and thereby neutralize the effects of positional fragment bias . The pa... | RNA-Seq is a powerful tool for detecting and quantifying genes and gene isoforms . However , accurate quantification in genomic loci with multiple isoforms has proven difficult . This is due to the fact that the transcript generating an RNA-Seq fragment cannot be identified if multiple transcripts share the fragment se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"probability",
"distribution",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"industrial",
"engineering",
"quality",
"control",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"bioassays",
"and",
"p... | 2017 | Mixture models reveal multiple positional bias types in RNA-Seq data and lead to accurate transcript concentration estimates |
Oral cholera vaccination is an approach to preventing outbreaks in at-risk settings and controlling cholera in endemic settings . However , vaccine-derived herd immunity may be short-lived due to interactions between human mobility and imperfect or waning vaccine efficacy . As the supply and utilization of oral cholera... | Cholera vaccination can be a relatively quick means to temporarily prevent cholera from spreading in an at-risk population . In order to understand how long this temporary protection remains and therefore the timeline for when we need to install longer-term water and sanitation solutions , we must know how long we can ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"south",
"sudan",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"animal",
"behavior",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",... | 2018 | Prolonging herd immunity to cholera via vaccination: Accounting for human mobility and waning vaccine effects |
Translesion DNA synthesis ( TLS ) is a DNA damage tolerance mechanism in which specialized low-fidelity DNA polymerases bypass replication-blocking lesions , and it is usually associated with mutagenesis . In Saccharomyces cerevisiae a key event in TLS is the monoubiquitination of PCNA , which enables recruitment of th... | DNA damage can block replication and lead to mutations , genomic instability , and cancer . In cases when the removal of DNA damage and restoration of the original sequence prior to replication is impossible , cells utilize DNA damage tolerance mechanisms , which help replication to bypass the lesions . A major univers... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | PCNA Ubiquitination Is Important, But Not Essential for Translesion DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells |
The genus Paracoccidioides consists of thermodymorphic fungi responsible for Paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) , a systemic mycosis that has been registered to affect ~10 million people in Latin America . Biogeographical data subdivided the genus Paracoccidioides in five divergent subgroups , which have been recently clas... | The genus Paracoccidioides comprises fungi responsible for Paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) , a neglected tropical disease prevalent in South America that has been shown to affect approximately 10 million people and has great medical/social impact , since available treatments are poorly effective , frequently leading to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"fungal",
"genetics",
"fungi",
"genome",
"analysis",
"genome",
"annotation",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"paracoccidioides",
"mycology",
"genomics",
"biological",
"databases",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"fungal",
"genomics",
"eukaryota",
"database",
"and",
... | 2019 | ParaDB: A manually curated database containing genomic annotation for the human pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides spp. |
Previous game-theoretic studies of vaccination behavior typically have often assumed that populations are homogeneously mixed and that individuals are fully rational . In reality , there is heterogeneity in the number of contacts per individual , and individuals tend to imitate others who appear to have adopted success... | Both infectious diseases and behavioral traits can spread via social contacts . Using network-based mathematical models , our study addresses the interplay between these two processes , as disease spreads through a population and individuals copy their social contacts when making vaccination decisions . Imitation can p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"game",
"theory",
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"mathematics",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"public",
"health"
] | 2012 | The Impact of Imitation on Vaccination Behavior in Social Contact Networks |
Hybrid incompatibilities ( HIs ) cause reproductive isolation between species and thus contribute to speciation . Several HI genes encode adaptively evolving proteins that localize to or interact with heterochromatin , suggesting that HIs may result from co-evolution with rapidly evolving heterochromatic DNA . Little i... | Sister species capable of mating often produce hybrids that are sterile or die during development . This reproductive isolation is caused by incompatibilities between the two sister species' genomes . Some hybrid incompatibilities involve genes that encode rapidly evolving proteins that localize to heterochromatin . He... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genomic",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"genetics"
] | 2014 | The Hmr and Lhr Hybrid Incompatibility Genes Suppress a Broad Range of Heterochromatic Repeats |
Functional connectivity concerns the correlated activity between neuronal populations in spatially segregated regions of the brain , which may be studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) . This coupled activity is conveniently expressed using covariance , but this measure fails to distinguish betwee... | Significant neuroscientific effort is devoted to elucidating functional connectivity between spatially segregated brain regions . This requires that we are able to quantify the degree of dependence between the signals of different areas . Yet how this must be accomplished—using which measures , each with their own limi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Bayesian Estimation of Conditional Independence Graphs Improves Functional Connectivity Estimates |
Fibrillin-1 is a ubiquitous extracellular matrix molecule that sequesters latent growth factor complexes . A role for fibrillin-1 in specifying tissue microenvironments has not been elucidated , even though the concept that fibrillin-1 provides extracellular control of growth factor signaling is currently appreciated .... | The microenvironment is specified by cell-surface molecules , growth factors , and the extracellular matrix . Here we report genetic evidence that implicates fibrillin-1 , a ubiquitous extracellular matrix molecule that sequesters latent growth factor complexes , as a key determinant in the local control of musculoskel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"histology",
"dermatology",
"clinical",
"genetics",
"model",
"organisms",
"ophthalmology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"cardiovascular"
] | 2012 | Microenvironmental Regulation by Fibrillin-1 |
Theileria annulata is an apicomplexan parasite that infects and transforms bovine macrophages that disseminate throughout the animal causing a leukaemia-like disease called tropical theileriosis . Using deep RNAseq of T . annulata-infected B cells and macrophages we identify a set of microRNAs induced by infection , wh... | Theileria annulata-infected bovine macrophages lose their hyper-disseminating virulent phenotype during long-term culture and are used as attenuated live vaccines to fight tropical theileriosis . Deep microRNA sequencing revealed that infection of both B cells and macrophages alters the expression of a large number of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"transfection",
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"gene",
"regulation",
"immunology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"micrornas",
"tyrosine",
"immunoprecipitation",
"amino",
"acids",
"molecul... | 2018 | miR-126-5p by direct targeting of JNK-interacting protein-2 (JIP-2) plays a key role in Theileria-infected macrophage virulence |
Resistance and susceptibility to Leishmania major infection in the murine model is determined by the capacity of the host to mount either a protective Th1 response or a Th2 response associated with disease progression . Previous reports involving the use of cysteine cathepsin inhibitors indicated that cathepsins B ( Ct... | The emergence of resistance to the available drugs against cutaneous leishmaniasis emphasizes the need of new chemotherapeutic approaches . Cysteine proteases from Leishmania are important virulence factors and , therefore , interesting drug targets . Studies on inhibitors against these enzymes during Leishmania major ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"dendritic",
"cells",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"protozoans",
"cell",
"biology",
"animal",
"cells",
"t",
"cells",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"c... | 2014 | Cathepsin B in Antigen-Presenting Cells Controls Mediators of the Th1 Immune Response during Leishmania major Infection |
In tropical Africa , where the spectrum of the bacterial pathogens that cause fevers is poorly understood and molecular-based diagnostic laboratories are rare , the time lag between test results and patient care is a critical point for treatment of disease . We implemented POC laboratory in rural Senegal to resolve the... | In tropical Africa , clinical laboratories capable of performing complicated diagnostic studies like PCR are rare and are almost always found in large cities . Moreover , a number of infectious diseases , many of them are emerging and neglected , may be quickly and reliably diagnosed only by molecular biology . This is... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"borrelia",
"infection",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"microbiology",
"rickettsia",
"relapsing",
"fever",
"bartonellosis",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropica... | 2013 | Point-of-Care Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis in Rural Senegal |
Genomic tools have revealed genetically diverse pathogens within some hosts . Within-host pathogen diversity , which we refer to as “complex infection” , is increasingly recognized as a determinant of treatment outcome for infections like tuberculosis . Complex infection arises through two mechanisms: within-host mutat... | Within-host heterogeneity of an infection can arise through two distinct mechanisms: within-host mutation and reinfection . While current genotyping techniques based on MLVA ( multiple loci variable-number tandem repeat analysis ) can identify within-host diversity , standard methods for classifying the mechanism drivi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"optimization",
"mathematics",
"fungal",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"genotyping",
"bacteria",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"research",
... | 2016 | ClassTR: Classifying Within-Host Heterogeneity Based on Tandem Repeats with Application to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections |
The genetics of lymphoma susceptibility reflect the marked heterogeneity of diseases that comprise this broad phenotype . However , multiple subtypes of lymphoma are observed in some families , suggesting shared pathways of genetic predisposition to these pathologically distinct entities . Using a two-stage GWAS , we t... | B-cell lymphomas comprise several diseases representing aberrant proliferations of immune cells at various stages of maturation . It might be expected that dissimilar subtypes of lymphoma will have different etiologic and pathogenic mechanisms , reflecting the distinct histologic and clinical characteristics of these d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"genome",
"scans",
"population",
"genetics",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"trait",
"locus",
"analysis",
"population",
"biology",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"biology",
"genetics",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"o... | 2013 | Susceptibility Loci Associated with Specific and Shared Subtypes of Lymphoid Malignancies |
Germline stem cell ( GSC ) self-renewal and differentiation into gametes is regulated by both intrinsic factors in the germ line as well as extrinsic factors from the surrounding somatic niche . dWnt4 , in the escort cells of the adult somatic niche promotes GSC differentiation using the canonical β-catenin-dependent t... | Germ line association with the somatic cells is critical for various aspects of germ cell biology , including migration , self-renewal and differentiation . In Drosophila females , soma–germ line association begins during embryogenesis and continues until the mature egg is formed . In the adult , the somatic escort cel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
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"reproductive",
"system",
"rna",
"interference",
"gonads",
"cell",
"cycle",
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"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"stem",
"cells",
"epigenetics",
"research",
"and... | 2018 | A switch in the mode of Wnt signaling orchestrates the formation of germline stem cell differentiation niche in Drosophila |
The apical complex is the definitive cell structure of phylum Apicomplexa , and is the focus of the events of host cell penetration and the establishment of intracellular parasitism . Despite the importance of this structure , its molecular composition is relatively poorly known and few studies have experimentally test... | Apicomplexan parasites comprise major human pathogens , including the malaria-causing parasites Plasmodium spp . , and Toxoplasma gondii that causes birth defects and neurological disorders . Key to the success of this group was the evolution of the apical complex , a structure at the focus of the events of host cell i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"signal",
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"signaling",
"cytoskeleton",
"p... | 2014 | The Apical Complex Provides a Regulated Gateway for Secretion of Invasion Factors in Toxoplasma |
The Global Trachoma Mapping Project ( GTMP ) was implemented with the aim of completing the baseline map of trachoma globally . Over 2 . 6 million people were examined in 1 , 546 districts across 29 countries between December 2012 and January 2016 . The aim of the analysis was to estimate the unit cost and to identify ... | There are currently few data sets available to aid programmes in planning and budgeting for population-based surveys in low- and middle- income countries . With the objective of identifying cost drivers and key variables influencing prevalence survey costs , the authors collected expenses incurred during the Global Tra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"united",
"states",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"transportation",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"north",
"america",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"research",
"design",
"data",
"mana... | 2017 | The cost of mapping trachoma: Data from the Global Trachoma Mapping Project |
Like many organisms the fungal pathogen Candida albicans senses changes in the environmental CO2 concentration . This response involves two major proteins: adenylyl cyclase and carbonic anhydrase ( CA ) . Here , we demonstrate that CA expression is tightly controlled by the availability of CO2 and identify the bZIP tra... | Skin infection , oral and vaginal thrush , or bloodstream candidiasis are some of the diseases caused by the human pathogen Candida albicans . The high versatility of infection niches reflects the capacity of this yeast to respond to strong variations in its environment such as CO2 concentration . This molecule initiat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2012 | The bZIP Transcription Factor Rca1p Is a Central Regulator of a Novel CO2 Sensing Pathway in Yeast |
Schistosomiasis has decreased significantly in prevalence and intensity of infection in China , thus more accurate and sensitive methods are desperately needed for the further control of schistosomiasis . The present work aimed to assess the utility of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification ( LAMP ) for detection o... | Accurate diagnostic tests play a key role in patient management and control of schistosomiasis , especially in China where the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma japonicum infection is low in recent years . The present study aimed to assess the utility of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification ( LAMP ) assay f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | DNA Detection of Schistosoma japonicum: Diagnostic Validity of a LAMP Assay for Low-Intensity Infection and Effects of Chemotherapy in Humans |
Sensing extracellular changes initiates signal transduction and is the first stage of cellular decision-making . Yet relatively little is known about why one form of sensing biochemistry has been selected over another . To gain insight into this question , we studied the sensing characteristics of one of the biochemica... | Sensing environmental changes is the first step in the process of cellular decision-making , but many different biochemical sensors exist and why one sensor is selected for a particular task over another is not known . Here we study the sensing properties of a simple and generic allosteric sensor to understand the effe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"signaling",
"networks"
] | 2011 | Trade-Offs and Constraints in Allosteric Sensing |
Wolbachia are vertically transmitted , obligatory intracellular bacteria that infect a great number of species of arthropods and nematodes . In insects , they are mainly known for disrupting the reproductive biology of their hosts in order to increase their transmission through the female germline . In Drosophila melan... | Many symbiotic bacteria confer fitness benefits to the organisms that they infect . Wolbachia are one of the most widespread intracellular bacteria , infecting a great number of species of insects . Here we show that in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , infection with Wolbachia increases resistance to a natural p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology",
"immunology"
] | 2008 | The Bacterial Symbiont Wolbachia Induces Resistance to RNA Viral Infections in Drosophila melanogaster |
Biofilm formation is an important virulence trait of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans . We have combined gene overexpression , strain barcoding and microarray profiling to screen a library of 531 C . albicans conditional overexpression strains ( ∼10% of the genome ) for genes affecting biofilm development in mixed... | Candida albicans is the most prevalent human fungal pathogen . Its ability to cause disease relies , in part , on the formation of biofilms , a protective structure of highly adherent cells tolerant to antifungal agents and the host immune response . The biofilm is considered as a persistent root of infection , dissemi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biofilms",
"cell",
"walls",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"genomic",
"library",
"screening",
"genomic",
"library",
"construction",
"model",
"organisms",
"dna",
"construction",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"orga... | 2014 | Targeted Changes of the Cell Wall Proteome Influence Candida albicans Ability to Form Single- and Multi-strain Biofilms |
The vaccinia virus ( VACV ) A41L gene encodes a secreted 30 kDa glycoprotein that is nonessential for virus replication but affects the host response to infection . The A41 protein shares sequence similarity with another VACV protein that binds CC chemokines ( called vCKBP , or viral CC chemokine inhibitor , vCCI ) , a... | As part of the innate immune response ( for example to virus infection ) , the body produces proteins called chemokines , which act by directing white blood cells ( leukocytes ) to the areas of infection and inflammation . Viruses have evolved mechanisms to fight this immune response . Indeed , so important is this nee... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"viruses",
"biophysics",
"virology"
] | 2008 | Structure and Function of A41, a Vaccinia Virus Chemokine Binding Protein |
Most organisms are simply diamagnetic , while magnetotactic bacteria and migratory animals are among organisms that exploit magnetism . Biogenic magnetization not only is of fundamental interest , but also has industrial potential . However , the key factor ( s ) that enable biogenic magnetization in coordination with ... | Most organisms do not respond to magnetic fields . However , “magnetotactic” bacteria and migratory animals can sense geomagnetic fields and alter their behavior accordingly . These organisms often contain small magnetic particles that may be responsible for sensing magnetic fields . In magnetotactic bacteria , specifi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"neuroscience",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"environmental",
"biotechnology",
"forms",
"of",
"evolution",
"signaling",
"in",
"cellular",
"proces... | 2012 | Induction of Biogenic Magnetization and Redox Control by a Component of the Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling Pathway |
Targeting of permissive entry sites is crucial for bacterial infection . The targeting mechanisms are incompletely understood . We have analyzed target-site selection by S . Typhimurium . This enteropathogenic bacterium employs adhesins ( e . g . fim ) and the type III secretion system 1 ( TTSS-1 ) for host cell bindin... | The animal body is protected by physical , chemical and immunological barriers . Identification of “promising” target sites is therefore of importance for any pathogen . This crucial step of the infection is still poorly understood . Here , we have studied target site selection by the flagellated Gram-negative gut path... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gram",
"negative",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"bacterial",
"pathogens"
] | 2012 | Near Surface Swimming of Salmonella Typhimurium Explains Target-Site Selection and Cooperative Invasion |
Power laws , that is , power spectral densities ( PSDs ) exhibiting behavior for large frequencies f , have been observed both in microscopic ( neural membrane potentials and currents ) and macroscopic ( electroencephalography; EEG ) recordings . While complex network behavior has been suggested to be at the root of th... | The common observation of power laws in nature and society , that is , quantities or probabilities that follow distributions , has for long intrigued scientists . In the brain , power laws in the power spectral density ( PSD ) have been reported in electrophysiological recordings , both at the microscopic ( single-neur... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"physics",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"single",
"neuron",
"function",
"biophysics",
"theory",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"physical",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"neuroscience",
"biophysical",
"simulations"
] | 2014 | Power Laws from Linear Neuronal Cable Theory: Power Spectral Densities of the Soma Potential, Soma Membrane Current and Single-Neuron Contribution to the EEG |
Newborn granule cells become functionally integrated into the synaptic circuitry of the adult dentate gyrus after a morphological and electrophysiological maturation process . The molecular mechanisms by which immature neurons and the neurites extending from them find their appropriate position and target area remain l... | Neural stem cells divide and generate new neurons throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus . After a distinct maturation process , newborn neurons become functionally integrated into the preexisting circuitry and appear to participate in hippocampal function , which is critically involved in certain forms of learni... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | Cdk5 Regulates Accurate Maturation of Newborn Granule Cells in the Adult Hippocampus |
The human intestinal microbiota is essential to the health of the host and plays a role in nutrition , development , metabolism , pathogen resistance , and regulation of immune responses . Antibiotics may disrupt these coevolved interactions , leading to acute or chronic disease in some individuals . Our understanding ... | The intestinal microbiota is essential to human health , with effects on nutrition , metabolism , pathogen resistance , and other processes . Antibiotics may disrupt these interactions and cause acute disease , as well as contribute to chronic health problems , although technical challenges have hampered research on th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"ecology",
"microbiology"
] | 2008 | The Pervasive Effects of an Antibiotic on the Human Gut Microbiota, as Revealed by Deep 16S rRNA Sequencing |
In natural environments , bacteria often adhere to surfaces where they form complex multicellular communities . Surface adherence is determined by the biochemical composition of the cell envelope . We describe a novel regulatory mechanism by which the bacterium , Caulobacter crescentus , integrates cell cycle and nutri... | Bacteria predominantly exist within surface-attached communities that facilitate metabolic cooperation , sharing of genetic information , and protect cells against stress . The freshwater bacterium , Caulobacter crescentus elaborates an adhesive structure known as the holdfast , which enables surface attachment . We ha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"biochemistry",
"gene",
"function",
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"microbial",
"physiology",
"cell",
"adhesion",
"caul... | 2014 | A Cell Cycle and Nutritional Checkpoint Controlling Bacterial Surface Adhesion |
The Fanconi Anemia ( FA ) pathway is important for repairing interstrand crosslinks ( ICLs ) between the Watson-Crick strands of the DNA double helix . An initial and essential stage in the repair process is the detection of the ICL . Here , we report the identification of UHRF2 , a paralogue of UHRF1 , as an ICL senso... | Fanconi Anemia is a genetic disease where patients typically have congenital abnormalities , develop bone marrow failure and suffer from cancer predisposition . The cells in patients have a reduced ability to repair a type of DNA damage where the two strands of the DNA double helix are physically linked together , and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"characterization",
"protein",
"interactions",
"hela",
"cells",
"enzymes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"biological",
"cultures",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"in",
"vivo",
"imaging",
"dna",
"damage",
"immunoprecipitation",
"cell",
"cu... | 2018 | Identification of UHRF2 as a novel DNA interstrand crosslink sensor protein |
We sought to evaluate the relationship between onchocerciasis prevalence and that of epilepsy using available data collected at community level . We conducted a systematic review and meta-regression of available data . Electronic and paper records on subject area ever produced up to February 2008 . We searched for popu... | Epilepsy is particularly common in tropical areas . One main reason is that many endemic infections have neurological consequences . In addition , the medical , social and demographic burden of epilepsy remains substantial in these countries where it is often seen as a contagious condition and where the aetiology is of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"neurological",
"disorders/epilepsy",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2009 | Epilepsy in Onchocerciasis Endemic Areas: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Population-Based Surveys |
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