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Dengue virus genotypes of Southeast Asian origin have been associated with higher virulence and transmission compared to other genotypes of serotype 2 ( DEN-2 ) . We tested the hypothesis that genetic differences in dengue viruses may result in differential binding to the midgut of the primary vector , Aedes aegypti , ...	Several factors , such as mosquito and virus genetics and environmental variables , determine the ability of mosquitoes to transmit dengue viruses . In this report , we describe new and important information that in some ways contradicts what is in the literature . Midgut infection barriers have been described as impor...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "vector", "biology", "virology", "emerging", "viral", "diseases", "biology", "microbiology", "viral", "replication", "viral", "vectors" ]	2011	Variation in Vector Competence for Dengue Viruses Does Not Depend on Mosquito Midgut Binding Affinity
The intracellular endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia can protect insects against viral infection , and is being introduced into mosquito populations in the wild to block the transmission of arboviruses that infect humans and are a major public health concern . To investigate the mechanisms underlying this antiviral prot...	The intracellular endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia can protect insects against viral infection . However , the mechanisms underlying this antiviral activity are poorly understood . We have developed a new model system combining Wolbachia-infected Drosophila melanogaster cell culture and the model mosquito-borne virus ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "gene", "regulation", "microbiology", "animals", "wolbachia", "invertebrate", "genomics", "animal", "models", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "micrornas", "bacteria", "drosophila", "research", "...	2016	Wolbachia Blocks Viral Genome Replication Early in Infection without a Transcriptional Response by the Endosymbiont or Host Small RNA Pathways
Understanding the relationship between topology and dynamics of transcriptional regulatory networks in mammalian cells is essential to elucidate the biology of complex regulatory and signaling pathways . Here , we characterised , via a synthetic biology approach , a transcriptional positive feedback loop ( PFL ) by gen...	Synthetic Biology aims at designing and building new biological functions in living organisms . At the same time , Synthetic Biology approaches can be used to uncover the design principles of natural biological systems through the rational construction of simplified regulatory networks . Mathematical models of the netw...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biotechnology", "bioengineering", "systems", "biology", "biological", "systems", "engineering", "control", "theory", "mathematics", "molecular", "biology", "applied", "mathematics", "synthetic", "biology", "biology", "nonlinear", "dynamics", "genetics", "and", "genomics", ...	2011	Construction and Modelling of an Inducible Positive Feedback Loop Stably Integrated in a Mammalian Cell-Line
Why is spatial tuning in auditory cortex weak , even though location is important to object recognition in natural settings ? This question continues to vex neuroscientists focused on linking physiological results to auditory perception . Here we show that the spatial locations of simultaneous , competing sound sources...	When a listener is presented with many sound sources at once , it is easier to understand a particular source when it comes from a different spatial location than the other competing sources . However , past studies of auditory cortex generally find that in response to a single sound source , there is not a precise rep...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "auditory", "system", "biology", "sensory", "systems", "sensory", "perception", "neuroscience" ]	2012	Competing Sound Sources Reveal Spatial Effects in Cortical Processing
The interaction between intestinal parasites and malaria is still not clear . Data in published literature are conflicting . We studied the effect of intestinal parasitic infection ( IPI ) on the clinical outcome of malaria in coinfected children . In a cross sectional study performed between October 2014 and September...	Coinfection with malaria and intestinal parasites are common in Sub-Saharan Africa , particularly in impoverished and poor sanitary settings . The interaction between intestinal parasites and malaria in coinfected children is still not clear . Some published papers suggest intestinal parasites , especially Ascaris lumb...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "geographical", "locations", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "parasitology", "protozoans", "africa", "cameroon", "parasitic", "intestinal", "diseases", "malarial", "parasite...	2016	The Effect of Intestinal Parasitic Infection on the Clinical Outcome of Malaria in Coinfected Children in Cameroon
Adults combine information from different sensory modalities to estimate object properties such as size or location . This process is optimal in that ( i ) sensory information is weighted according to relative reliability: more reliable estimates have more influence on the combined estimate and ( ii ) the combined esti...	To complete everyday activities , such as judging where or when something occurred , we combine information from multiple senses such as vision and audition . In adults , this merging of information is optimal: more reliable sensory estimates have more influence ( higher weight ) in the combined , multisensory estimate...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "children", "acoustics", "education", "visual", "signals", "sociology", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "age", "groups", "probability", "distribution", "mathematics", "vision", "families", "schools", "probability", "theory", "people", "and", "places", "physics", "...	2016	The Development of Audio-Visual Integration for Temporal Judgements
Animals harbor specialized neuronal systems that are used for sensing and coordinating responses to changes in oxygen ( O2 ) and carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) . In Caenorhabditis elegans , the O2/CO2 sensory system comprises functionally and morphologically distinct sensory neurons that mediate rapid behavioral responses to e...	During the development of an organism , certain neurons are programmed to perform specific tasks . For example , motor neurons coordinate locomotion and sensory neurons recognize specific environmental cues . The molecular mechanisms that generate specific neuronal classes are not fully understood . We investigated mec...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "molecular", "neuroscience", "developmental", "neuroscience", "behavioral", "neuroscience", "biology", "neuroscience" ]	2013	EGL-13/SoxD Specifies Distinct O2 and CO2 Sensory Neuron Fates in Caenorhabditis elegans
Myopia ( nearsightedness ) is the most common eye disorder , which is rapidly becoming one of the leading causes of vision loss in several parts of the world because of a recent sharp increase in prevalence . Nearwork , which produces hyperopic optical defocus on the retina , has been implicated as one of the environme...	The worldwide prevalence of myopia is predicted to increase from the current 23% to about 50% in the next three decades . Although much effort has been directed towards elucidating the mechanisms underlying refractive eye development and myopia , treatment options for myopia are mostly limited to optical correction , w...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "eye", "lens", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "methods", "and", "resources", "ocular", "anatomy", "marmosets", "vertebrates", "animals", "mammals", "notch", "signaling", "animal", "models", "primates", "cell", "signaling", "experimental", "organism", "system...	2018	Gene expression in response to optical defocus of opposite signs reveals bidirectional mechanism of visually guided eye growth
Crusted scabies , or hyperinfestation with Sarcoptes scabiei , occurs in people with an inadequate immune response to the mite . In recent decades , data have emerged suggesting that treatment of crusted scabies with oral ivermectin combined with topical agents leads to lower mortality , but there are no generally acce...	Crusted scabies is a severe skin condition caused by a microscopic parasitic mite . It occurs in people whose immune system does not react properly to the mite and it leads to crusting and cracking of the skin and can cause death . The usual treatment for crusted scabies is a tablet called ivermectin combined with anti...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	A Novel Clinical Grading Scale to Guide the Management of Crusted Scabies
Refractive error is a highly heritable quantitative trait responsible for considerable morbidity . Following an initial genome-wide linkage study using microsatellite markers , we confirmed evidence for linkage to chromosome 3q26 and then conducted fine-scale association mapping using high-resolution linkage disequilib...	Successful gene mapping strategies for common disease continue to require careful consideration of basic study design with the advent of genome-wide association studies . Here , we take advantage of prior information that the heritability of the quantitative trait myopia in the general population is high and shows evid...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "discovery", "cell", "biology/cellular", "death", "and", "stress", "responses", "genetics", "and", "genomics/complex", "traits", "genetics", "and", "genomics/genetics", "of", "disease", "cell", "biology/cell", "adhesion", "genetics", ...	2008	Identification and Replication of Three Novel Myopia Common Susceptibility Gene Loci on Chromosome 3q26 using Linkage and Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are ∼21 nt small RNAs that regulate gene expression in animals and plants . They can be grouped into families comprising different genes encoding similar or identical mature miRNAs . Several miRNA families are deeply conserved in plant lineages and regulate key aspects of plant development , hormon...	Plants and other multicellular organisms need precise spatio-temporal control of gene expression , and this regulatory capacity depends , in part , on small RNAs . MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are one class of ∼21 nt small RNAs that originate from endogenous fold-back precursors found in plants and animals . They recognize com...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "plant", "science", "rna", "interference", "plant", "biology", "gene", "expression", "plant", "genetics", "biology", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "molecular", "biology" ]	2012	Functional Specialization of the Plant miR396 Regulatory Network through Distinct MicroRNA–Target Interactions
The Togavirus ( Alphavirus ) Mayaro virus ( MAYV ) was initially described in 1954 from Mayaro County ( Trinidad ) and has been responsible for outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean . Imported MAYV cases are on the rise , leading to invasion concerns similar to Chikungunya and Zika viruses . Little is known abou...	Mayaro virus ( MAYV ) is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus responsible for outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean . In this study we infected different species of mosquito ( belonging to the genera Aedes , Anopheles and Culex ) with MAYV and tested their capacity to transmit the virus at different time points . Results...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Material", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "species", "colonization", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "togaviruses", "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "invasive", "s...	2018	Anopheles mosquitoes may drive invasion and transmission of Mayaro virus across geographically diverse regions
The cerebral cortex of mammals exhibits intricate interareal wiring . Moreover , mammalian cortices differ vastly in size , cytological composition , and phylogenetic distance . Given such complexity and pronounced species differences , it is a considerable challenge to decipher organizational principles of mammalian c...	The cerebral cortex is wired in a highly intricate manner and exhibits striking differences across mammals—for instance , in overall size and number of neurons . Here , we uncover common , but also species-specific , principles that link the physical , cellular , and connectional architecture of mouse , cat , and monke...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "nervous", "system", "neuronal", "differentiation", "brain", "vertebrates", "marmosets", "neuroscience", "animals", "mammals", "cell", "differentiation", "primates", "animal", "models", "developmental", "biology", "brain", "mapping...	2019	A blueprint of mammalian cortical connectomes
Various bacterial toxins circumvent host defenses through overproduction of cAMP . In a previous study , we showed that edema factor ( EF ) , an adenylate cyclase from Bacillus anthracis , disrupts endocytic recycling mediated by the small GTPase Rab11 . As a result , cargo proteins such as cadherins fail to reach inte...	Recent anthrax outbreaks in Zambia and northern Russia and biodefense preparedness highlight the need for new therapies to counteract fatal late-stage pathologies in patients infected with Bacillus anthracis . Indeed , two toxins secreted by this pathogen—edema toxin ( ET ) and lethal toxin ( LT ) —can cause death in f...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "toxins", "vesicles", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "enzymes", "enzymology", "animals", "toxicology", "toxic", "agents", "animal", "models", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "si...	2017	Anthrax edema toxin disrupts distinct steps in Rab11-dependent junctional transport
In a broad variety of bilaterian species the trunk central nervous system ( CNS ) derives from three primary rows of neuroblasts . The fates of these neural progenitor cells are determined in part by three conserved transcription factors: vnd/nkx2 . 2 , ind/gsh and msh/msx in Drosophila melanogaster/vertebrates , which...	The trunk nervous system of both vertebrates and invertebrates develops from three primary rows of neural stem cells whose fate is determined by neural identity genes expressed in an evolutionarily conserved dorso-ventral pattern . Establishment of this pattern requires a shared signaling pathway in both groups of anim...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "animal", "genetics", "genome", "evolution", "gene", "regulation", "neuroscience", "developmental", "biology", "stem", "cells", "molecular", "genetics", "developmental", "neuroscience", "animal", "cells", "gene", "expression", "molecular", "evolution", "neural", "crest", ...	2014	BMPs Regulate msx Gene Expression in the Dorsal Neuroectoderm of Drosophila and Vertebrates by Distinct Mechanisms
Due to its inhibition of the Abl kinase domain in the BCR-ABL fusion protein , imatinib is strikingly effective in the initial stage of chronic myeloid leukemia with more than 90% of the patients showing complete remission . However , as in the case of most targeted anti-cancer therapies , the emergence of drug resista...	Imatinib remains the most important and studied anti-cancer drug for cancer therapy in its new paradigm . Due to its inhibition of the Abl kinase domain , imatinib is strikingly effective in the initial stage of chronic myeloid leukemia with more than 90% of the patients showing a complete remission . However , the eme...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Towards a Molecular Understanding of the Link between Imatinib Resistance and Kinase Conformational Dynamics
Physical activity and molecular ageing presumably interact to precipitate musculoskeletal decline in humans with age . Herein , we have delineated molecular networks for these two major components of sarcopenic risk using multiple independent clinical cohorts . We generated genome-wide transcript profiles from individu...	A fundamental challenge for modern medicine is to generate new strategies to cope with the rising proportion of older people within society , as unaddressed it will make many health care systems financially unviable . Ageing impacts both quality of life and longevity through reduced musculoskeletal function . What is u...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "genome", "expression", "analysis", "functional", "genomics", "integrative", "physiology", "anatomy", "and", "physiology", "physiological", "processes", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "musculoskeletal", "system", "geriatrics", "gene", "expression", "biology", ...	2013	Molecular Networks of Human Muscle Adaptation to Exercise and Age
Onchocerca volvulus is the nematode pathogen responsible for human onchocerciasis also known as “River blindness” , a neglected tropical disease that affects up to 18 million people worldwide . Helminths Excretory Secretory Products ( ESPs ) constitute a rich repertoire of molecules that can be exploited for host-paras...	Human onchocerciasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting millions in endemic tropical countries and is the world’s second leading cause of infectious blindness . Onchocerca volvulus , the causative agent of the disease is a tissue dwelling nematode diagnosed by identification of microfilaria larval stages in skin...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "onchocerca", "volvulus", "helminths", "purification", "techniques", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "onchocerca", "nematode", "infections", ...	2019	Identification and characterization of the Onchocerca volvulus Excretory Secretory Product Ov28CRP, a putative GM2 activator protein
Individuals with high intensity of Loa loa are at risk of developing serious adverse events ( SAEs ) post treatment with ivermectin . These SAEs have remained unclear and a programmatic impediment to the advancement of community directed treatment with ivermectin . The pathogenesis of these SAEs following ivermectin ha...	The pathogenesis of the serious adverse reactions that occur in patients carrying high loads ( usually > 30 , 000mf/mL ) of circulating Loa loa parasites and treated with ivermectin has to date not been clearly defined at the tissue level . These reactions , which can result in the death of many of those affects and ca...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "immunology", "vertebrates", "fibrin", "animals", "mammals", "primates", "lymph", "nodes", "signs", "and", "symptoms", "lymphat...	2017	Ivermectin treatment of Loa loa hyper-microfilaraemic baboons (Papio anubis): Assessment of microfilarial load reduction, haematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological changes following treatment
Sphingolipids have essential roles as structural components of cell membranes and in cell signalling , and disruption of their metabolism causes several diseases , with diverse neurological , psychiatric , and metabolic consequences . Increasingly , variants within a few of the genes that encode enzymes involved in sph...	Although several rare monogenic diseases are caused by defects in enzymes involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis and metabolism , little is known about the major variants that control the circulating levels of these important bioactive molecules . As well as being essential components of plasma membranes and endosomes ,...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "neuroscience/motor", "systems", "genetics", "and", "genomics/complex", "traits", "genetics", "and", "genomics/genetics", "of", "disease", "neuroscience/neurobiology", "of", "disease", "and", "regeneration", "cardiovascular", "disorders/myocardial", "infarction", "genetics", ...	2009	Genetic Determinants of Circulating Sphingolipid Concentrations in European Populations
Scd6 protein family members are evolutionarily conserved components of translationally silent mRNA granules . Yeast Scd6 interacts with Dcp2 and Dhh1 , respectively a subunit and a regulator of the mRNA decapping enzyme , and also associates with translation initiation factor eIF4G to inhibit translation in cell extrac...	Previous work showed that Scd6 homologs in Drosophila , Xenopus , and humans are associated with translationally repressed mRNAs in RNA granules , and that they interact with other mRNA silencing factors , including homologs of RNA helicase Dhh1 . However , there is little evidence that such Scd6 homologs are critical ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "statistics", "messenger", "rna", "plasmid", "construction", "organisms", "protein", "expression", "fungi", "mathematics", "dna", "construction", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods",...	2018	Conserved mRNA-granule component Scd6 targets Dhh1 to repress translation initiation and activates Dcp2-mediated mRNA decay in vivo
The spread of disease through human populations is complex . The characteristics of disease propagation evolve with time , as a result of a multitude of environmental and anthropic factors , this non-stationarity is a key factor in this huge complexity . In the absence of appropriate external data sources , to correctl...	As our world becomes more and more globalized , infectious disease poses an ever-increasing threat to human health . The multitude of environmental and behavioral factors , which account for the spread of infectious diseases , are ever-evolving and thus infectious diseases propagation is complex . In the face of this c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "evolutionary", "rate", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "immunity", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "immunology", "evolutionary", "biology", ...	2018	Accounting for non-stationarity in epidemiology by embedding time-varying parameters in stochastic models
Calcium has a pivotal role in biological functions , and serum calcium levels have been associated with numerous disorders of bone and mineral metabolism , as well as with cardiovascular mortality . Here we report results from a genome-wide association study of serum calcium , integrating data from four independent coh...	Calcium levels in blood serum play an important role in many biological processes . The regulation of serum calcium is under strong genetic control . This study describes the first meta-analysis of a genome-wide association study from four cohorts totaling 12 , 865 participants of European and Indian Asian descent . Co...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "computational", "biology/population", "genetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "computational", "biology/genomics" ]	2010	Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis for Serum Calcium Identifies Significantly Associated SNPs near the Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CASR) Gene
Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance ( AMR ) is an important component of public health . Antimicrobial drug use generates selective pressure that may lead to resistance against to the administered drug , and may also select for collateral resistances to other drugs . Analysis of AMR surveillance data has focused o...	Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns is an important responsibility in modern public health . Due to the genetic configuration of bacterial pathogens , the use of a single antimicrobial drug may select for bacteria that are resistant to multiple other antimicrobial drugs via set of mechanisms collectively ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ]	[ "bacteriology", "antimicrobials", "livestock", "organismal", "evolution", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "drugs", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "animals", "antibiotic", "resistance", "microbial", "evoluti...	2016	Markov Networks of Collateral Resistance: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Surveillance Results from Escherichia coli Isolates, 2004-2012
The factors that govern the development of tuberculosis disease are incompletely understood . We hypothesized that some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tuberculosis ) are more capable of causing disseminated disease than others and may be associated with polymorphisms in host genes responsible for the innat...	Tuberculosis , caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis , kills over 2 million people each year . It is estimated that approximately one-third of the world population is infected with M . tuberculosis , though the majority will never develop active disease . The most severe form of tuberculosis occurs when th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "neurological", "disorders/infectious", "diseases", "of", "the", "nervous", "system", "microbiology/innate", "immunity", "immunology/innate", "immunity", "immunology/genetics", "of", "the", "immune", "system", "infec...	2008	The Influence of Host and Bacterial Genotype on the Development of Disseminated Disease with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Schistosomiasis control mainly relies on preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel ( PZQ ) distributed through mass drug administration . With a target of 260 million treatments yearly , reliably assessing and monitoring efficacy is all-important . Recommendations for treatment and control of schistosomiasis are suppor...	Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease prevalent in tropical climates , especially Africa . To control morbidity and eventually eliminate the disease , the World Health Organisation recommends that populations living in endemic areas be preventively treated with praziquantel . This means hundreds of million treatments ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "schistosoma", "invertebrates", "schistosoma", "mansoni", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "helminths", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "mathematics", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "pharmaceutics", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "r...	2016	The Schistosomiasis Clinical Trials Landscape: A Systematic Review of Antischistosomal Treatment Efficacy Studies and a Case for Sharing Individual Participant-Level Data (IPD)
WHO’s Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis ( LF ) uses mass drug administration ( MDA ) of anthelmintic medications to interrupt LF transmission in endemic areas . Recently , a single dose combination of ivermectin ( IVM ) , diethylcarbamazine ( DEC ) , and albendazole ( ALB ) was shown to be markedly mor...	WHO’s Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariais ( LF ) supports annual mass drug administration to over 400 million people in LF-endemic areas each year . Two drug combinations ( either DEC or ivermectin , given with albendazole ) have been recommended in most endemic areas . With the exception of well-describe...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "clinical", "research", "design", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "wolbachia", "nematode", "infections", "research", "design", "filariasis", "signs", "and", "symptoms...	2018	Adverse events following single dose treatment of lymphatic filariasis: Observations from a review of the literature
Plasmid conjugation plays a significant role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity determinants . Understanding how conjugation is regulated is important to gain insights into these features . Little is known about regulation of conjugation systems present on plasmids from Gram-positive bacter...	Plasmids are extrachromosomal , autonomously replicating units that are harbored by many bacteria . Many plasmids encode transfer function allowing them to be transferred into plasmid-free bacteria by a process named conjugation . Since many of them also carry antibiotic resistance genes , plasmid-mediated conjugation ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "microbiology", "evolutionary", "biology", "molecular", "biology" ]	2014	A Complex Genetic Switch Involving Overlapping Divergent Promoters and DNA Looping Regulates Expression of Conjugation Genes of a Gram-positive Plasmid
Many persistent transmitted plant viruses , including rice stripe virus ( RSV ) , cause serious damage to crop production worldwide . Although many reports have indicated that a successful insect-mediated virus transmission depends on a proper interaction between the virus and its insect vector , the mechanism ( s ) co...	Over 75% of the known plant viruses are insect transmitted . Understanding how plant viruses interact with their insect vectors during virus transmission is a key step towards the successful management of plant viruses worldwide . Several models for the direct or indirect virus–insect vector interactions have been prop...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "vesicles", "microbiology", "viral", "structure", "epithelial", "cells", "membrane", "fusion", "rice", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "seedlings", "plants", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "insect", "vector...	2019	Tenuivirus utilizes its glycoprotein as a helper component to overcome insect midgut barriers for its circulative and propagative transmission
Human hookworms ( Necator americanus , Ancylostoma duodenale , and Ancylostoma ceylanicum ) are intestinal blood-feeding parasites that infect ~500 million people worldwide and are among the leading causes of iron-deficiency anemia in the developing world . Drugs are useful against hookworm infections , but hookworms r...	Hookworms are voracious , blood-feeding , soil-transmitted nematode parasites . Adult hookworms infect the small intestine , causing iron-deficiency anemia and other complications . Hookworms are among the most disabling parasites of the developing world . Drugs are useful for controlling hookworm disease . However , b...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "innate", "immune", "system", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "immune", "physiology", "cytokines", "helminths", "immunology", "hookworms", "vertebrates", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "mammals", "vaccines", "developmental"...	2019	A highly expressed intestinal cysteine protease of Ancylostoma ceylanicum protects vaccinated hamsters from hookworm infection
Using a computational model of the Caenorhabditis elegans connectome dynamics , we show that proprioceptive feedback is necessary for sustained dynamic responses to external input . This is consistent with the lack of biophysical evidence for a central pattern generator , and recent experimental evidence that proprioce...	The nematode C . elegans lives a complex and rich life despite having only 302 neurons . The full connectivity between these neurons ( its “connectome” ) has been measured , making it an ideal model system for understanding how neural processing generates behavior . However , unlike most animals , it doesn’t appear to ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "neural", "networks", "nervous", "system", "caenorhabditis", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "animals", "biomechanics", "biological", "locomotion", "motor", "neurons", "animal", "models", "caenorhabditis", "e...	2017	Spatiotemporal Feedback and Network Structure Drive and Encode Caenorhabditis elegans Locomotion
Each Caulobacter cell cycle involves differentiation and an asymmetric cell division driven by a cyclical regulatory circuit comprised of four transcription factors ( TFs ) and a DNA methyltransferase . Using a modified global 5′ RACE protocol , we globally mapped transcription start sites ( TSSs ) at base-pair resolut...	The generation of diverse cell types occurs through two fundamental processes; asymmetric cell division and cell differentiation . Cells progress through these developmental changes guided by complex and layered genetic programs that lead to differential expression of the genome . To explore how a genetic program direc...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetic", "networks", "caulobacter", "gene", "regulation", "microbiology", "next-generation", "sequencing", "developmental", "biology", "genome", "analysis", "microbial", "growth", "and", "development", "bacteria", "microbial", "genomics", "bacterial", "genomics", "genome"...	2015	The Global Regulatory Architecture of Transcription during the Caulobacter Cell Cycle
ZAP–70 ( Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 ) is a tyrosine kinase that interacts directly with the activated T-cell receptor to transduce downstream signals , and is hence a major player in the regulation of the adaptive immune response . Dysfunction of ZAP–70 causes selective T cell deficiency that in turn resul...	ZAP–70 is a key protein kinase in the adaptive immune system . It is essential for development and function of T cells and natural killer cells , and associated mutations can lead to conditions such as severe combined immunodeficiency ( SCID ) . Here , simulations of the ZAP–70 kinase domain are used to study its dynam...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	The Structural Basis for Activation and Inhibition of ZAP-70 Kinase Domain
Protein–protein interactions are challenging targets for modulation by small molecules . Here , we propose an approach that harnesses the increasing structural coverage of protein complexes to identify small molecules that may target protein interactions . Specifically , we identify ligand and protein binding sites tha...	Proteins function through their interactions with other biological molecules , including other proteins . Often times , these interactions underlie cellular processes that go awry in disease . Therefore , modulating these interactions with small molecules is an active area of research for new drugs to treat diseases an...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "computational", "biology/macromolecular", "structure", "analysis" ]	2010	The Overlap of Small Molecule and Protein Binding Sites within Families of Protein Structures
Theories of object recognition agree that shape is of primordial importance , but there is no consensus about how shape might be represented , and so far attempts to implement a model of shape perception that would work with realistic stimuli have largely failed . Recent studies suggest that state-of-the-art convolutio...	Shape plays an important role in object recognition . Despite years of research , no models of vision could account for shape understanding as found in human vision of natural images . Given recent successes of deep neural networks ( DNNs ) in object recognition , we hypothesized that DNNs might in fact learn to captur...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "neural", "networks", "brain", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "learning", "and", "memory", "perception", "cognitive", "psychology", "mathematics", "human", "performance", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "cognition", "memory",...	2016	Deep Neural Networks as a Computational Model for Human Shape Sensitivity
Cholera remains an important public health problem in major cities in Bangladesh , especially in slum areas . In response to growing interest among local policymakers to control this disease , this study estimated the impact and cost-effectiveness of preventive cholera vaccination over a ten-year period in a high-risk ...	While oral cholera vaccines are increasingly being used in the past few years , mainly to curtail or preempt cholera outbreaks , they have yet to be used on a large scale to control endemic cholera in a high-burden country like Bangladesh . This study examines the potential impact on disease and value of vaccinating sl...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "cost-effectiveness", "analysis", "economic", "analysis", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "social", "sciences", "vaccines", "bacterial", "diseases", "age", "groups", "animal", "behavior", "neglected", "tropical...	2018	The impact and cost-effectiveness of controlling cholera through the use of oral cholera vaccines in urban Bangladesh: A disease modeling and economic analysis
Chronic infection with Trypanosoma cruzi leads to a constant stimulation of the host immune system . Monocytes , which are recruited in response to inflammatory signals , are divided into classical CD14hiCD16— , non-classical CD14loCD16+ and intermediate CD14hiCD16+ subsets . In this study , we evaluated the frequencie...	Monocytes are key players during infection , and they leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues in response to inflammatory signals . Although the recruitment of monocytes is essential for the effective control and clearance of microorganisms , they can also be highly damaging to neighboring tissues . Based on the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "inflammatory", "diseases", "cardiomyopathies", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "protozoans", "neglected"...	2018	Distinct monocyte subset phenotypes in patients with different clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease and seronegative dilated cardiomyopathy
Calprotectin is a calcium-binding cytoplasmic protein found in neutrophils and increasingly used as a marker of bowel inflammation . Fecal occult blood ( FOB ) is also a dependable indicator of bowel morbidity . The objective of our study was to determine the applicability of these tests as surrogate markers of Schisto...	The severity of intestinal schistosomiasis , a disease caused by Schistosoma mansoni infection , is likely under-reported in part due to the scarcity of field-appropriate morbidity markers . Downstream potential complications of this disease include anemia , failure to thrive , and chronic multi-organ damage . Point-of...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	Fecal Occult Blood and Fecal Calprotectin as Point-of-Care Markers of Intestinal Morbidity in Ugandan Children with Schistosoma mansoni Infection
Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis ( STH ) are widely distributed in Cameroon . Although mass drug administration ( MDA ) of mebendazole is implemented nationwide , treatment with praziquantel was so far limited to the three northern regions and few health districts in the southern part of Cameroon , ba...	Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis ( STH ) are a major public health problem in Cameroon . The national control strategy of these diseases was based on historical data collected 25 years ago , which might be outdated in some situations due to several factors including control activities , improved or de...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases" ]	2012	Mapping of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Regions of Centre, East and West Cameroon
Virus infection of mammalian cells induces the production of high levels of type I interferons ( IFNα and β ) , cytokines that orchestrate antiviral innate and adaptive immunity . Previous studies have shown that only a fraction of the infected cells produce IFN . However , the mechanisms responsible for this stochasti...	Eukaryotic cells can respond to extracellular signals by triggering the activation of specific genes . Viral infection of mammalian cells , for example , induces a high level of expression of type I interferons ( IFNα and β ) , proteins required for antiviral immunity that protects cells from the infection . Previous s...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "immunology", "microbiology", "molecular", "genetics", "signaling", "in", "cellular", "processes", "biology", "molecular", "biology", "immune", "system", "systems", "biology", "signal", "transduction", "immunity", "virology", "genetics", "molecular", "cell", "biology", ...	2012	Stochastic Expression of the Interferon-β Gene
Bacterial metabolism has been studied primarily in liquid cultures , and exploration of other natural growth conditions may reveal new aspects of bacterial biology . Here , we investigate metabolic changes occurring when Escherichia coli grows as surface-attached biofilms , a common but still poorly characterized bacte...	Whereas Escherichia coli does not naturally produce the 1-propanol unless subjected to extensive genetic modifications , we show that this important industrial commodity is produced in hypoxic conditions inside biofilms . 1-propanol production corresponds to a native threonine fermentation pathway previously undocument...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "bacteriology", "biofilms", "chemical", "compounds", "metabolic", "processes", "biological", "cultures", "microbiology", "threonine", "organic", "compounds", "fermentation", "enterobacteriaceae", "amino", "acids", "bacteria", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "amino...	2017	Biofilm microenvironment induces a widespread adaptive amino-acid fermentation pathway conferring strong fitness advantage in Escherichia coli
Intracellular polarization , where a cell specifies a spatial axis by segregation of specific factors , is a fundamental biological process . In the early embryo of the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans ( C . elegans ) , polarization is often accompanied by deformations of the cortex , a highly contractile structure...	Polarization , whereby molecules and proteins are asymmetrically distributed throughout the cell , is a vital process for many cellular functions . In the early C . elegans embryo the asymmetric distribution of cell cytoskeleton during the initiation of polarization leads to asymmetric contractions which are higher in ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "classical", "mechanics", "fluid", "mechanics", "caenorhabditis", "surface", "tension", "animals", "animal", "models", "membrane", "proteins", "developmental", "biology", "caenorhabditis", "elegans", "viscosity", "model", "organisms", "materials", "science"...	2018	The importance of mechanical constraints for proper polarization and psuedo-cleavage furrow generation in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo
Natural killer ( NK ) cells classically typify the nonspecific effector arm of the innate immune system , but have recently been shown to possess memory-like properties against multiple viral infections , most notably CMV . Expression of the activating receptor NKG2C is elevated on human NK cells in response to infecti...	Natural killer ( NK ) cells are a crucial component of the early innate immune response , and although NK cell responses have been thought be only non-specific , recent evidence suggests that NK cells are capable of expanding with some specificity , indicative of a memory-like adaptive response . The activating recepto...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "and", "discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "flow", "cytometry", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "animals", "mammals", "cell", "dif...	2018	Tracking KLRC2 (NKG2C)+ memory-like NK cells in SIV+ and rhCMV+ rhesus macaques
The murine leukaemia virus ( MLV ) Gag cleavage product , p12 , is essential for both early and late steps in viral replication . The N-terminal domain of p12 binds directly to capsid ( CA ) and stabilises the mature viral core , whereas defects in the C-terminal domain ( CTD ) of p12 can be rescued by addition of hete...	In addition to matrix , capsid and nucleocapsid , the Gag polyproteins of many retroviruses also encode additional cleavage products , such as the p12 protein of murine leukemia virus . p12 is essential for both early and late replication events , but its function during early infection remains poorly characterised . R...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "phosphorylation", "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "293t", "cells", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "biological", "cultures", "cell", "processes", "immunoblotting", "dna-binding", "proteins", "mitosis", "epigenetics", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", ...	2018	Murine leukemia virus p12 tethers the capsid-containing pre-integration complex to chromatin by binding directly to host nucleosomes in mitosis
Chronic wounds are a significant socioeconomic problem for governments worldwide . Approximately 15% of people who suffer from diabetes will experience a lower-limb ulcer at some stage of their lives , and 24% of these wounds will ultimately result in amputation of the lower limb . Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ( HBOT ) ha...	In the time it takes you to read this paragraph , one person will have undergone a lower limb amputation due to diabetic foot disease . With the global diabetes population on the rise and set to reach 330 million by 2025 , the need for research into therapies and technologies that have the potential to prevent amputati...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "mathematics", "diabetes", "and", "endocrinology", "computational", "biology/systems", "biology" ]	2009	A Three Species Model to Simulate Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy to Chronic Wounds
Paying attention to a sensory feature improves its perception and impairs that of others . Recent work has shown that a Normalization Model of Attention ( NMoA ) can account for a wide range of physiological findings and the influence of different attentional manipulations on visual performance . A key prediction of th...	We report a pattern of feature-based attentional effects on human psychophysical performance , which cannot be accounted for by the Normalization Model of Attention using biologically plausible parameters . Specifically , this prominent model of attentional modulation predicts that attention to a visual feature like a ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "cognitive", "psychology", "computational", "neuroscience", "vision", "neuronal", "tuning", "animal", "cells", "behavior", "psychology", "cellular", "neuroscience", "cell", "biology", "single", "neuron", "function", "neurons", "psycho...	2016	An Extended Normalization Model of Attention Accounts for Feature-Based Attentional Enhancement of Both Response and Coherence Gain
A collective-risk social dilemma arises when a group must cooperate to reach a common target in order to avoid the risk of collective loss while each individual is tempted to free-ride on the contributions of others . In contrast to the prisoners' dilemma or public goods games , the collective-risk dilemma encompasses ...	The evolution of cooperation is a fascinating topic with a wide range of applications , from microbial evolution to global cooperation of humans in the context of climate change . Motivated by the prospect of dangerous climate change , behavioral experiments of a ‘collective-risk dilemma’ were conducted , where coopera...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "theoretical", "biology", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology" ]	2012	Evolutionary Dynamics of Strategic Behavior in a Collective-Risk Dilemma
Developmental system drift is a likely mechanism for the origin of hybrid incompatibilities between closely related species . We examine here the detailed mechanistic basis of hybrid incompatibilities between two allopatric lineages , for a genotype-phenotype map of developmental system drift under stabilising selectio...	The process of speciation is of fundamental importance to the field of evolution as it is intimately connected to understanding the immense bio-diversity of life . There is still relatively little understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that give rise to hybrid incompatibilities with results suggesting that ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "gene", "regulation", "regulatory", "proteins", "dna-binding", "proteins", "dna", "transcription", "developmental", "biology", "speciation", "transcription", "factors", "molecular", "development", "population", "biology", "thermodynamics", "entropy", "proteins", "gene", "ex...	2019	Biophysics and population size constrains speciation in an evolutionary model of developmental system drift
Late endosome-resident interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 ( IFITM3 ) inhibits fusion of diverse viruses , including Influenza A virus ( IAV ) , by a poorly understood mechanism . Despite the broad antiviral activity of IFITM3 , viruses like Lassa virus ( LASV ) , are fully resistant to its inhibitory effects . ...	Expression of interferon-induced transmembrane proteins ( IFITMs ) in target cells potently inhibits fusion of many unrelated enveloped viruses , including the Influenza A virus , whereas arenaviruses , such as the Lassa fever virus , are resistant to these factors . The mechanism by which IFITMs interfere with the vir...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "cell", "physiology", "fluorescence", "imaging", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "vesicles", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "pathogens", "microbiology", "orthomyxoviruses", "viruses", "membrane", "fusion...	2019	Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 blocks fusion of sensitive but not resistant viruses by partitioning into virus-carrying endosomes
Many scarab beetles have sexually dimorphic exaggerated horns that are an evolutionary novelty . Since the shape , number , size , and location of horns are highly diverged within Scarabaeidae , beetle horns are an attractive model for studying the evolution of sexually dimorphic and novel traits . In beetles including...	Beetles in the family Scarabaeidae have various types of horns on their heads and thoraces , and the shape , size , number , and location of these horns are highly diversified within the group . In addition , many scarab beetle horns are sexually dimorphic . The acquisition of these evolutionarily novel horns , and the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "rna", "interference", "gene", "regulation", "animals", "animal", "models", "developmental", "biology", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "epigenetics", "sexual", "dimorphism", "morphogenesis", "droso...	2019	Precise staging of beetle horn formation in Trypoxylus dichotomus reveals the pleiotropic roles of doublesex depending on the spatiotemporal developmental contexts
Transcriptional enhancers play critical roles in regulation of gene expression , but their identification in the eukaryotic genome has been challenging . Recently , it was shown that enhancers in the mammalian genome are associated with characteristic histone modification patterns , which have been increasingly exploit...	Enhancers are regions in the genome that can activate the expression of a gene irrespective of their location with respect to the gene . Identifying these elements is critical in understanding regulatory differences between different cell-types . Since enhancers lack characteristic sequence features and can be far away...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "computer", "science", "biology" ]	2013	RFECS: A Random-Forest Based Algorithm for Enhancer Identification from Chromatin State
Microorganisms in nature do not exist in isolation but rather interact with other species in their environment . Some microbes interact via syntrophic associations , in which the metabolic by-products of one species serve as nutrients for another . These associations sustain a variety of natural communities , including...	Natural and engineered microbial communities can contain up to hundreds of interacting microbes . These interactions may be positive , negative , or neutral , as well as obligate or facultative . Syntrophy is an obligate , positive interaction , in which one species lives off the metabolic by-products of another . Synt...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Thermodynamics and H2 Transfer in a Methanogenic, Syntrophic Community
The HIV-1 Vpu protein is expressed from a bi-cistronic message late in the viral life cycle . It functions during viral assembly to maximise infectious virus release by targeting CD4 for proteosomal degradation and counteracting the antiviral protein tetherin ( BST2/CD317 ) . Single genome analysis of vpu repertoires t...	The accessory protein Vpu , encoded by HIV-1 , performs at least two major roles in the virus life cycle , namely the degradation of newly synthesized CD4 molecules and the counteraction of a host antiviral protein , tetherin . These activities promote the release of infectious viruses from host cells , and recent evid...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "hiv", "virology", "retrovirology", "and", "hiv", "immunopathogenesis", "biology", "microbiology", "viral", "diseases" ]	2014	Preservation of Tetherin and CD4 Counter-Activities in Circulating Vpu Alleles despite Extensive Sequence Variation within HIV-1 Infected Individuals
The neuronal code arising from the coordinated activity of grid cells in the rodent entorhinal cortex can uniquely represent space across a large range of distances , but the precise conditions for optimal coding capacity are known only for environments with finite size . Here we consider a coding scheme that is suitab...	Navigation in natural , open environments poses serious challenges to animals as the distances to be represented may span several orders of magnitudes and are potentially unbounded . The recently discovered grid cells in the rodent brain are though to play a crucial role in generating unique representations for a large...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "decision", "making", "brain", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "number", "theory", "optimization", "cognitive", "psychology", "mathematics", "cognition", "computational", "neuroscience", "real", "numbers", "neuronal", "tuning...	2018	Robust and efficient coding with grid cells
Multicellular animals match costly activities , such as growth and reproduction , to the environment through nutrient-sensing pathways . The insulin/IGF signaling ( IIS ) pathway plays key roles in growth , metabolism , stress resistance , reproduction , and longevity in diverse organisms including mammals . Invertebra...	The insulin/IGF signalling ( IIS ) pathway plays key roles in growth , metabolism , reproduction , and longevity in animals as diverse as flies and mammals . Most multicellular animals contain multiple IIS ligands , including 7 in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster ( DILP1-7 ) , implying that the diverse functions o...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology/aging", "diabetes", "and", "endocrinology" ]	2010	Molecular Evolution and Functional Characterization of Drosophila Insulin-Like Peptides
The lifespan and activity of proteins depend on protein quality control systems formed by chaperones and proteases that ensure correct protein folding and prevent the formation of toxic aggregates . We previously found that the Arabidopsis thaliana J-protein J20 delivers inactive ( misfolded ) forms of the plastidial e...	In this paper we report a relatively simple mechanism by which plant chloroplasts deal with inactive forms of DXS , the main rate-determining enzyme for the production of plastidial isoprenoids relevant for photosynthesis and development . We provide evidence supporting that particular members of the Hsp100 chaperone f...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "plastids", "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "enzymes", "plant", "cell", "biology", "brassica", "enzymology", "chloroplasts", "plant", "science", "model", "organisms", "chaperone", "proteins", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "plants", "cellular", "structures", ...	2016	Specific Hsp100 Chaperones Determine the Fate of the First Enzyme of the Plastidial Isoprenoid Pathway for Either Refolding or Degradation by the Stromal Clp Protease in Arabidopsis
Emergency myelopoiesis is inflammation-induced hematopoiesis to replenish myeloid cells in the periphery , which is critical to control the infection with pathogens . Previously , pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon ( IFN ) -α and IFN-γ were demonstrated to play a critical role in the expansion of hematopoiet...	Emergency myelopoiesis is inflammation-induced hematopoiesis that is critical for controlling infection with pathogens , but the molecular mechanism remains incompletely understood . Here , we clarify that one of the interleukin ( IL ) -6/IL-12 family cytokines , IL-27 , plays an important role in emergency myelopoiesi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "innate", "immune", "system", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "parasite", "groups", "immune", "cells", "immune", "physiology", "cytokines", "plasmodium", "spleen", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "cell", "diffe...	2016	Promotion of Expansion and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Interleukin-27 into Myeloid Progenitors to Control Infection in Emergency Myelopoiesis
Dimensionality reduction has been applied in various brain areas to study the activity of populations of neurons . To interpret the outputs of dimensionality reduction , it is important to first understand its outputs for brain areas for which the relationship between the stimulus and neural response is well characteri...	A central goal in systems neuroscience is to understand how large populations of neurons work together to enable us to sense , to reason , and to act . To go beyond single-neuron and pairwise analyses , recent studies have applied dimensionality reduction methods to neural population activity to reveal tantalizing evid...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "neural", "networks", "engineering", "and", "technology", "signal", "processing", "vertebrates", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "animals", "mammals", "primates", "multivariate", "analysis", "mathematics", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "white", "noise", "computationa...	2016	Stimulus-Driven Population Activity Patterns in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
In fungi , sexual identity is determined by specialized genomic regions called MAT loci which are the equivalent to sex chromosomes in some animals and plants . Usually , only two sexes or mating types exist , which are determined by two alternate sets of genes ( or alleles ) at the MAT locus ( bipolar system ) . Howev...	Sexual reproduction in fungi is regulated by genomic regions called MAT loci that determine sexual identity in a manner comparable to that of sex chromosomes in animal and plants . In most fungi , sexual reproduction is bipolar , i . e . , two alternate and distinct sets of genes at the MAT locus determine two mating t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/comparative", "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology/evolutionary", "and", "comparative", "genetics", "mole...	2010	A Deviation from the Bipolar-Tetrapolar Mating Paradigm in an Early Diverged Basidiomycete
Retroviral insertional mutagenesis ( RIM ) is a powerful tool for cancer genomics that was combined in this study with deep sequencing ( RIM/DS ) to facilitate a comprehensive analysis of lymphoma progression . Transgenic mice expressing two potent collaborating oncogenes in the germ line ( CD2-MYC , -Runx2 ) develop r...	Cancers are known to arise by a series of mutational and non-mutational ( epigenetic ) events but the advent of cancer genome sequencing highlights the growing challenge of separating important ( driver ) from irrelevant ( passenger ) mutations . Retroviruses that induce cancer by inserting into host DNA and thereby al...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "animal", "models", "sequence", "analysis", "medicine", "oncology", "model", "organisms", "biology", "genomics", "mouse", "computational", "biology" ]	2014	Insertional Mutagenesis and Deep Profiling Reveals Gene Hierarchies and a Myc/p53-Dependent Bottleneck in Lymphomagenesis
Human alveolar echinococcosis ( AE ) is a severe zoonotic disease caused by the metacestode stage of Echinococcus multilocularis . AE is commonly associated with a long incubation period that may last for more than ten years . The objective of this systematic literature review was to identify and summarize the current ...	Human alveolar echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic disease caused by the metacestode stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis . The objective of this systematic literature review was to identify and summarize the current knowledge on potential risk factors associated with human alveolar echinococcosis . The ca...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cross-sectional", "studies", "tropical", "diseases", "vertebrates", "database", "searching", "parasitic", "diseases", "dogs", "animals", "mammals", "research", "design", "mathematics",...	2017	Potential risk factors associated with human alveolar echinococcosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Effective regulation of primary carbon metabolism is critically important for bacteria to successfully adapt to different environments . We have identified an uncharacterised transcriptional regulator; RccR , that controls this process in response to carbon source availability . Disruption of rccR in the plant-associat...	Here we show how Pseudomonas controls multiple different primary carbon metabolism pathways by sensing levels of KDPG , an Entner Doudoroff ( ED ) pathway intermediate . KDPG binds to two highly similar transcription factors; the ED regulator HexR and the previously uncharacterised protein RccR . RccR inversely control...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "carbohydrate", "metabolism", "protein", "metabolism", "chemical", "compounds", "ketones", "glucose", "metabolism", "pyruvate", "regulator", "genes", "monomers", "(chemistry)", "gene", "types", "sequence", "motif", "analysis", "bacteria", "research", "and", "analysis", ...	2017	One ligand, two regulators and three binding sites: How KDPG controls primary carbon metabolism in Pseudomonas
In response to insect attack and mechanical wounding , plants activate the expression of genes involved in various defense-related processes . A fascinating feature of these inducible defenses is their occurrence both locally at the wounding site and systemically in undamaged leaves throughout the plant . Wound-inducib...	Plants have evolved sophisticated strategies to defend themselves against insect attack . Wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors ( PIs ) in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) provide an attractive model to understand the signal transduction events leading from localized injury to the systemic expression of defense-related ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Role of Tomato Lipoxygenase D in Wound-Induced Jasmonate Biosynthesis and Plant Immunity to Insect Herbivores
Resistance to pyrethroids and to the organophosphate temephos is widespread in Brazilian populations of the dengue vector , Aedes aegypti . Thereof , since 2009 Insect Growth Regulators are employed as larvicides , and malathion is used against adults . We performed laboratory selection with malathion of two A . aegypt...	Dengue , Zika and chikungunya viruses affect millions of people worldwide . Due to the lack of specific antivirals or to the limited supply of vaccines , focus remains on the control of the main vector , Aedes aegypti . Although the importance of social participation in the elimination of A . aegypti breeding sites is ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "chemical", "compounds", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "malathion", "organic", "compounds", "animals", "organophosphates", "developmental", "biology", "pharmacology", "insect", "vectors", "agrochemicals"...	2018	Laboratory selection of Aedes aegypti field populations with the organophosphate malathion: Negative impacts on resistance to deltamethrin and to the organophosphate temephos
The mechanical properties of virus capsids correlate with local conformational dynamics in the capsid structure . They also reflect the required stability needed to withstand high internal pressures generated upon genome loading and contribute to the success of important events in viral infectivity , such as capsid mat...	Dynamic force experiments , which have become available to explore the physical properties of biological assemblies , oftentimes reveal results that are difficult to understand without theoretical framework . We employed a multiscale modeling approach—a combination of Molecular Dynamics simulations of atomic structures...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods", "and", "Models" ]	[ "classical", "mechanics", "engineering", "and", "technology", "symmetry", "microbiology", "viral", "structure", "geometry", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "mathematics", "nanoparticles", "damage", "mechanics", "nanotechnology", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", ...	2016	Fluctuating Nonlinear Spring Model of Mechanical Deformation of Biological Particles
The cytomegalovirus resistance locus Cmv3 has been linked to an epistatic interaction between two loci: a Natural Killer ( NK ) cell receptor gene and the major histocompatibility complex class I ( MHC-I ) locus . To demonstrate the interaction between Cmv3 and H2k , we generated double congenic mice between MA/My and ...	Effective natural killer ( NK ) cell responses against virally infected cells are regulated by NK cell receptors that specifically recognize target cells . In the current study , we validated the specific interaction taking place between NK cell receptors and MHC class I molecules on the surface of infected cells , res...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/animal", "genetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "discovery", "virology/mechanisms", "of", "resistance", "and", "susceptibility,", "including", "host", "genetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/genetics", "of", "the", "immune", "system"...	2011	NK Cell Receptor/H2-Dk–Dependent Host Resistance to Viral Infection Is Quantitatively Modulated by H2q Inhibitory Signals
Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei convey the final output of the cerebellum to their targets in various parts of the brain . Within the cerebellum their direct upstream connections originate from inhibitory Purkinje neurons . Purkinje neurons have a complex firing pattern of regular spikes interrupted by intermittent pa...	Neurons can transmit information by two different coding strategies: Rate coding , where the firing rate of the neuron is vital , and time coding where timing of individual spikes carries relevant information . In this study we analyze the importance of brief cessations in firing of the presynaptic neuron ( pauses ) on...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Cerebellar Nuclear Neurons Use Time and Rate Coding to Transmit Purkinje Neuron Pauses
Synthetic constructs in biotechnology , biocomputing , and modern gene therapy interventions are often based on plasmids or transfected circuits which implement some form of “on-off” switch . For example , the expression of a protein used for therapeutic purposes might be triggered by the recognition of a specific comb...	For the last decade , outstanding progress has been made , and considerable practical experience has accumulated , in the construction of elementary genetic circuits that perform various tasks , such as memory storage and logical operations , in response to both exogenous and endogenous stimuli . Using modern molecular...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Models", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[ "infographics", "chemical", "compounds", "engineering", "and", "technology", "enzymes", "synthetic", "biology", "enzymology", "lactones", "mathematical", "models", "esters", "dna", "transcription", "systems", "science", "mathematics", "research", "and", "analysis", "metho...	2016	Quorum-Sensing Synchronization of Synthetic Toggle Switches: A Design Based on Monotone Dynamical Systems Theory
The capacity to respond to day length , photoperiodism , is crucial for flowering plants to adapt to seasonal change . The photoperiodic control of flowering in plants is mediated by a long-distance mobile floral stimulus called florigen that moves from leaves to the shoot apex . Although the proteins encoded by FLOWER...	The transition to flowering is the most dramatic phase change in flowering plants and is crucial for reproductive success . Such a transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is controlled by seasonal changes in day length . Studies originally performed in the 1930s were the first to suggest that day length is pe...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "plant", "science", "plant", "growth", "and", "development", "plant", "biology", "biology" ]	2012	FTIP1 Is an Essential Regulator Required for Florigen Transport
Although L1 sequences are present in the genomes of all placental mammals and marsupials examined to date , their activity was lost in the megabat family , Pteropodidae , ∼24 million years ago . To examine the characteristics of L1s prior to their extinction , we analyzed the evolutionary history of L1s in the genome o...	Most of a typical mammalian genome is occupied by transposable elements , which have played an important role in shaping these genomes , and L1s account for approximately half of this transposable element load . Mammals have evolved several mechanisms to control L1 retrotransposition , and yet L1s remain active in almo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genome", "complexity", "genomics", "genome", "evolution", "genetics", "synthetic", "biology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "comparative", "genomics", "molecular", "genetics", "computational", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology" ]	2014	Reviving the Dead: History and Reactivation of an Extinct L1
It frequently has been postulated that intersexual coevolution between the male ejaculate and the female reproductive tract is a driving force in the rapid evolution of reproductive proteins . The dearth of research on female tracts , however , presents a major obstacle to empirical tests of this hypothesis . Here , we...	In a broad range of organisms , including humans , molecular interactions between the male ejaculate and the female reproductive tract play integral roles in sexual reproduction . Although these interactions are essential , the biochemical composition of the male ejaculate can change rapidly over short evolutionary tim...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology", "drosophila", "physiology" ]	2007	Gene Duplication and Adaptive Evolution of Digestive Proteases in Drosophila arizonae Female Reproductive Tracts
Enteroaggregative E . coli ( EAEC ) have been associated with mildly inflammatory diarrhea in outbreaks and in travelers and have been increasingly recognized as enteric pathogens in young children with and without overt diarrhea . We examined the risk factors for EAEC infections and their associations with environment...	Enteroaggregative E . coli ( EAEC ) are pathogens that infect the intestine and can cause diarrhea . They are also commonly identified among young children in low-resource settings , who can carry the pathogen without symptomatic diarrhea . We examined the risk factors for EAEC infections and their associations with ch...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "antimicrobials", "neonatology", "children", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "maternal", "health", "pathogens", "drugs", "immunology", "sociology", "microbiology", "social", "sciences", "biomarkers", "pediatrics", "di...	2017	Epidemiology of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infections and associated outcomes in the MAL-ED birth cohort
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most virulent and resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative pathogens in the clinic . Unfortunately , P . aeruginosa has acquired genes encoding metallo-β-lactamases ( MβLs ) , enzymes able to hydrolyze most β-lactam antibiotics . SPM-1 is an MβL produced only by P . aeruginosa , while...	The presence of Zn ( II ) -containing metallo-β-lactamases ( MβLs ) that confer resistance to all penicillins , cephalosporins and carbapenems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa adds significantly to the threat of this pathogen in our health care system . SPM-1 is an MβLs widely distributed in South America and only found in P ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2014	Host-Specific Enzyme-Substrate Interactions in SPM-1 Metallo-β-Lactamase Are Modulated by Second Sphere Residues
The seven antigenically distinct serotypes of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins , the causative agents of botulism , block the neurotransmitter release by specifically cleaving one of the three SNARE proteins and induce flaccid paralysis . The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) has declared them as Cate...	Botulinum neurotoxins are the most poisonous substance to humans . The ease with which the bacteria can be grown , its potency and persistence have made it a potential bioterrorism agent , and accordingly , botulinum neurotoxin has been declared as Category A agent by the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention . Sin...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biochemistry/structural", "genomics", "biochemistry/protein", "folding", "biochemistry/drug", "discovery" ]	2008	Substrate Binding Mode and Its Implication on Drug Design for Botulinum Neurotoxin A
Despite explosive growth in genomic datasets , the methods for studying epigenomic mechanisms of gene regulation remain primitive . Here we present a model-based approach to systematically analyze the epigenomic functions in modulating transcription factor-DNA binding . Based on the first principles of statistical mech...	We developed a model-based approach to systematically analyze the epigenomic functions in modulating transcription factor-DNA binding . We postulated the existence of TF-specific epigenomic motifs , which could explain why some TFs appeared to have different DNA binding motifs derived from in vivo and in vitro experime...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Understanding Variation in Transcription Factor Binding by Modeling Transcription Factor Genome-Epigenome Interactions
Phenotypic differences of genetically identical cells under the same environmental conditions have been attributed to the inherent stochasticity of biochemical processes . Various mechanisms have been suggested , including the existence of alternative steady states in regulatory networks that are reached by means of st...	It is a surprising fact that genetically identical bacteria , living in identical conditions , can develop in completely different ways: for example , one subpopulation might grow very fast and another very slowly . These different phenotypes are thought to be one reason why bacteria that cause disease can survive anti...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "mathematics", "biology", "computational", "biology", "signaling", "networks", "nonlinear", "dynamics" ]	2012	Equation-Free Analysis of Two-Component System Signalling Model Reveals the Emergence of Co-Existing Phenotypes in the Absence of Multistationarity
Introgressing anti-pathogen constructs into wild vector populations could reduce disease transmission . It is generally assumed that such introgression would require linking an anti-pathogen gene with a selfish genetic element or similar technologies . Yet none of the proposed transgenic anti-pathogen gene-drive mechan...	Dengue is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito . Releases of genetically sterile males have been shown to reduce wild mosquito numbers . An alternative approach is to release mosquitoes carrying genes blocking dengue transmission . It is often assumed that spreading such genes in mosquito populations requires usin...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biotechnology", "invertebrates", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "tropical", "diseases", "animals", "transgenic", "engineering", "population", "modeling", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "population", "biology", ...	2014	Feasible Introgression of an Anti-pathogen Transgene into an Urban Mosquito Population without Using Gene-Drive
In the late twentieth century , emergence of high rates of treatment failure with antimonial compounds ( SSG ) for visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) caused a public health crisis in Bihar , India . We hypothesize that exposure to arsenic through drinking contaminated groundwater may be associated with SSG treatment failure...	The parasitic disease visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) causes a significant burden of illness and death in India . The main drug used to treat VL , which is based on the chemical element antimony , stopped working well in about half of all patients in the late twentieth century . We hypothesised that arsenic exposure of t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Arsenic Exposure and Outcomes of Antimonial Treatment in Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients in Bihar, India: A Retrospective Cohort Study
The reduced amounts of Mycobacterium leprae ( M . leprae ) among paucibacillary ( PB ) patients reflect the need to further optimize methods for leprosy diagnosis . An increasing number of reports have shown that droplet digital polymerase chain reaction ( ddPCR ) is a promising tool for diagnosis of infectious disease...	Leprosy , or Hansen’s disease , is a chronic bacterial disease caused by M . leprae . Although it is curable and early treatment averts most disabilities , it remains an important global health concern . This is mainly due to delayed diagnosis . In leprosy , a reliable and early diagnostic tool , is still needed . In r...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "mycobacterium", "leprae", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "biopsy", "tropical", "diseases", "surgical", "and", "invasive", "medical", "procedures", "organisms", "bacterial", "diseases", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", ...	2019	Development and evaluation of a droplet digital PCR assay for the diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy in skin biopsy specimens
Certain microbes invade brain microvascular endothelial cells ( BMECs ) to breach the blood-brain barrier ( BBB ) and establish central nervous system ( CNS ) infection . Here we use the leading meningitis pathogen group B Streptococcus ( GBS ) together with insect and mammalian infection models to probe a potential ro...	Streptococcus agalactiae ( Group B Streptococcus , GBS ) is a leading cause of meningitis in human newborn infants . The bacterial and host factors that allow this pathogen to cross the blood-brain barrier ( BBB ) and cause central nervous system ( CNS ) infection are not well understood . Here we demonstrate that GBS ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "streptococci", "microbiology", "host-pathogen", "interaction", "animal", "models", "bacterial", "diseases", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "bacterial", "pathogens", "infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases", "of", "the", "nervous",...	2011	Glycosaminoglycan Binding Facilitates Entry of a Bacterial Pathogen into Central Nervous Systems
Tight regulation of immune responses is not only critical for preventing autoimmune diseases but also for preventing immunopathological damage during infections in which overactive immune responses may be more harmful for the host than the pathogen itself . Regulatory T cells ( Tregs ) play a critical role in this regu...	Regulatory T cells ( Tregs ) play a very complex role in retroviral infections , and the balance of beneficial versus detrimental effects from Tregs can change between the acute and chronic phase of infection . Therefore , the development of therapeutics to treat chronic retroviral infections via modulation of Tregs re...	[ "Abstract", "Regulatory", "T-cell", "responses", "in", "retroviral", "infections", "Mechanisms", "of", "Treg", "expansion", "and/or", "accrual", "during", "retroviral", "infection", "Targets", "of", "Treg", "suppression", "during", "retrovirus", "infection", "Effect", ...	[ "blood", "cells", "hiv", "infections", "innate", "immune", "system", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cytokines", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "retroviruses",...	2018	Regulatory T cells in retroviral infections
Forms of homeostatic plasticity stabilize neuronal outputs and promote physiologically favorable synapse function . A well-studied homeostatic system operates at the Drosophila melanogaster larval neuromuscular junction ( NMJ ) . At the NMJ , impairment of postsynaptic glutamate receptor activity is offset by a compens...	Homeostasis is a fundamental topic in biology . Individual cells and systems of cells constantly monitor their environments and adjust their outputs in order to maintain physiological properties within ranges that can support life . The nervous system is no exception . Synapses and circuits are endowed with a capacity ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "nervous", "system", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "homeostatic", "mechanisms", "animals", "animal", "models", "physiological", "processes", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "synaptic", "pla...	2016	C-terminal Src Kinase Gates Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity and Regulates Fasciclin II Expression at the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction
Macrophages are the first line of defense against pathogens . Upon infection macrophages usually produce high levels of proinflammatory mediators . However , macrophages can undergo an alternate polarization leading to a permissive state . In assessing global macrophage responses to the bacterial agent of Whipple's dis...	Innate immune cells are sentinels allowing the host to sense invading pathogens . Among them , macrophages are highly microbicidal and are able to kill microorganisms . However , several pathogens have evolved strategies to hijack macrophage responses in order to survive or replicate . Tropheryma whipplei is the agent ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "microbiology/cellular", "microbiology", "and", "pathogenesis", "immunology/immunity", "to", "infections", "microbiology/innate", "immunity", "immunology/leukocyte", "activation" ]	2010	Type I Interferon Induction Is Detrimental during Infection with the Whipple's Disease Bacterium, Tropheryma whipplei
It was not known how xeroderma pigmentosum group C ( XPC ) protein , the primary initiator of global nucleotide excision repair , achieves its outstanding substrate versatility . Here , we analyzed the molecular pathology of a unique Trp690Ser substitution , which is the only reported missense mutation in xeroderma pat...	DNA is constantly exposed to damaging agents such as ultraviolet light , carcinogens , or reactive metabolic byproducts causing thousands of DNA lesions in a typical human cell every hour . To prevent irreversible mutations , many of these different lesions are eliminated by a DNA repair system known as “nucleotide exc...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "eukaryotes", "molecular", "biology", "mammals" ]	2007	An Aromatic Sensor with Aversion to Damaged Strands Confers Versatility to DNA Repair
Antigen B ( EgAgB ) is a major protein produced by the metacestode cyst of Echinococcus granulosus , the causative agent of cystic hydatid disease . This protein has been shown to play an important role in modulating host immune responses , although its precise biological function still remains unknown . It is generall...	Antigen B ( EgAgB ) is a major protein produced by the metacestode cyst of Echinococcus granulosus and plays an important role in modulating host immune responses , although its precise biological function still remains unknown . Previous studies suggested the EgAgB gene family is variable between isolates and genotypi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "molecular", "biology" ]	2010	The Echinococcus granulosus Antigen B Gene Family Comprises at Least 10 Unique Genes in Five Subclasses Which Are Differentially Expressed
Osteoarthritis is one of the most frequent and disabling diseases of the elderly . Only few genetic variants have been identified for osteoarthritis , which is partly due to large phenotype heterogeneity . To reduce heterogeneity , we here examined cartilage thickness , one of the structural components of joint health ...	Osteoarthritis ( OA ) is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of chronic disability in the western society affecting millions of people . OA is a degenerative joint disease characterized by changes in all joint tissues , including cartilage , bone and synovium , causing chronic pain and loss of functio...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "rheumatology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pelvis", "genome", "analysis", "cartilage", "osteoarthritis", "musculoskeletal", "system", "genomics", "arthritis", "hip", "connective", "tissue", "biological", "tissue", "g...	2016	Novel Genetic Variants for Cartilage Thickness and Hip Osteoarthritis
Using the guinea pig as a model host , we show that aerosol spread of influenza virus is dependent upon both ambient relative humidity and temperature . Twenty experiments performed at relative humidities from 20% to 80% and 5 °C , 20 °C , or 30 °C indicated that both cold and dry conditions favor transmission . The re...	In temperate regions influenza epidemics recur with marked seasonality: in the northern hemisphere the influenza season spans November to March , while in the southern hemisphere epidemics last from May until September . Although seasonality is one of the most familiar features of influenza , it is also one of the leas...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "viruses", "in", "vitro", "guinea", "pig", "virology" ]	2007	Influenza Virus Transmission Is Dependent on Relative Humidity and Temperature
Prion diseases are irreversible progressive neurodegenerative diseases , leading to severe incapacity and death . They are characterized in the brain by prion amyloid deposits , vacuolisation , astrocytosis , neuronal degeneration , and by cognitive , behavioural and physical impairments . There is no treatment for the...	Prion diseases are irreversible progressive neurodegenerative diseases , leading to severe incapacity and death . They are considered to be caused by an abnormally folded infectious protein named PrPSc . They are characterized in the brain by prion amyloid deposits , vacuolisation , astrocyte proliferation , neuronal d...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "mental", "health", "biology", "neuroscience" ]	2013	Prion Replication Occurs in Endogenous Adult Neural Stem Cells and Alters Their Neuronal Fate: Involvement of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in Prion Diseases
Intragenomic conflicts arise when a genetic element favours its own transmission to the detriment of others . Conflicts over sex chromosome transmission are expected to have influenced genome structure , gene regulation , and speciation . In the mouse , the existence of an intragenomic conflict between X- and Y-linked ...	Both copies of a gene have normally an equal chance of being inherited; however , some genes can act “selfishly” to be transmitted to >50% of offspring: a phenomenon known as transmission distortion . Distorting genes on the X or Y chromosome leads to an excess of female/male offspring respectively . This then sets up ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "genome", "evolution", "evolutionary", "biology", "chromosome", "biology", "gene", "expression", "genetics", "biology", "genomics", "genomic", "evolution", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "cell", "differentiation", "gene", "function" ]	2012	A Genetic Basis for a Postmeiotic X Versus Y Chromosome Intragenomic Conflict in the Mouse
Bacterial virulence is a multifaceted trait where the interactions between pathogen and host factors affect the severity and outcome of the infection . Toxin secretion is central to the biology of many bacterial pathogens and is widely accepted as playing a crucial role in disease pathology . To understand the relation...	Global efforts to counter the growing problem of antibiotic resistance and develop alternative treatment strategies rely on a fuller understanding of when and why opportunistic pathogens cause disease . Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies have opened up new opportunities to study infectious organisms , yet i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Evolutionary Trade-Offs Underlie the Multi-faceted Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus
Non-domiciliated intrusive triatomine vectors are responsible for a low but significant transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to humans . Their control is a challenge as insecticide spraying is of limited usefulness , and alternative strategies need to be developed for a sustainable control . We performed a non-randomized ...	Intrusive triatomine bugs such as Triatoma dimidiata in the Yucatan peninsula , Mexico , are responsible for the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to humans , which can lead to Chagas disease . The control of these bugs is a challenge as insecticide spraying is poorly effective , and alternative strategies need to be d...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "tropical", "diseases", "vector-borne", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "parasitic", "protozoans", "protozoans", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "infectious", "disease", "control", "insect", "v...	2018	Non-randomized controlled trial of the long-term efficacy of an Ecohealth intervention against Chagas disease in Yucatan, Mexico
Professional phagocytes generate a myriad of antimicrobial molecules to kill invading microorganisms , of which nitrogen oxides are integral in controlling the obligate intracellular pathogen Leishmania . Although reactive nitrogen species produced by the inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) can promote the clearan...	Pathogens of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of leishmaniasis , a neglected tropical disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide . Although it is well accepted that host-derived leishmanicidal molecules mediate resolution of Leishmania infection , some Leishmania species/stages a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "host-pathogen", "interactions", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "microbiology", "pathogenesis", "parasitology" ]	2014	Leishmania amazonensis Amastigotes Highly Express a Tryparedoxin Peroxidase Isoform That Increases Parasite Resistance to Macrophage Antimicrobial Defenses and Fosters Parasite Virulence
The development of organs with particular shapes , like wings or flowers , depends on regional activity of transcription factors and signalling molecules . However , the mechanisms that link these molecular activities to the morphogenetic events underlying shape are poorly understood . Here we describe a combination of...	A major challenge in developmental biology is to understand how patterns of gene activity are translated into complex three-dimensional forms , like hearts , wings , or flowers . Addressing this problem has not been easy , partly because of the difficulties in quantifying the effects of genes on shape and also because ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology/organogenesis", "developmental", "biology/plant", "growth", "and", "development" ]	2010	Quantitative Control of Organ Shape by Combinatorial Gene Activity
Patients with New World cutaneous leishmaniasis ( NWCL ) caused by Leishmania Viannia are treated with parenteral sodium stibogluconate ( SbV ) to reduce the risk of development of mucocutanous leishmaniasis . Our centre manages patients with NWCL on an outpatient-basis . This study was conducted to assess the safety a...	Sodium stibogluconate ( SbV ) , a pentavalent antimonial , administered parenterally , is the recommended treatment for South American cutaneous leishmaniasis , caused by Leishmania Viannia , which is a neglected disease that affects many people resident in Central and South America , as well as travellers to the areas...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases" ]	2012	Monitoring Toxicity Associated with Parenteral Sodium Stibogluconate in the Day-Case Management of Returned Travellers with New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasi
One of the most important genetic factors known to affect the rate of disease progression in HIV-infected individuals is the genotype at the Class I Human Leukocyte Antigen ( HLA ) locus , which determines the HIV peptides targeted by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes ( CTLs ) . Individuals with HLA-B57 or B5801 alleles , for ...	Following infection with HIV , it is well established that a person's genetic makeup is a major determinant of how quickly they will progress to AIDS . Particularly important is the class I Human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) gene that is responsible for alerting the immune system to HIV's presence . One of the reasons our...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/hiv", "infection", "and", "aids", "infectious", "diseases" ]	2008	Transmission of HIV-1 CTL Escape Variants Provides HLA-Mismatched Recipients with a Survival Advantage
Mutations of SLC26A4 are a common cause of human hearing loss associated with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct . SLC26A4 encodes pendrin , an anion exchanger expressed in a variety of epithelial cells in the cochlea , the vestibular labyrinth and the endolymphatic sac . Slc26a4Δ/Δ mice are devoid of pendrin and d...	Mutations of SLC26A4 are the most common cause for hearing loss associated with a swelling of the inner ear . This human disease is largely recapitulated in a mutant mouse model . Mutant mice lack Slc26a4 expression and their inner ears swell during embryonic development , which leads to failure of the cochlea and the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "developmental", "biology", "otology", "genetic", "mutation", "gene", "expression", "genetics", "molecular", "genetics", "hearing", "disorders", "biology", "otorhinolaryngology", "morphogenesis", "genetics", "of", "disease", "gene", "function" ]	2013	SLC26A4 Targeted to the Endolymphatic Sac Rescues Hearing and Balance in Slc26a4 Mutant Mice
Recently , thanks to the increasing throughput of new technologies , we have begun to explore the full extent of alternative pre–mRNA splicing ( AS ) in the human transcriptome . This is unveiling a vast layer of complexity in isoform-level expression differences between individuals . We used previously published splic...	Alternative splicing ( AS ) , through the alternative use of exons , can produce many different mRNA transcripts from the same genomic locus , thus possibly resulting in the production of many different proteins . We know that splicing differences between individuals exist and that these changes are often associated wi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "molecular", "biology/rna-protein", "interactions", "computational", "biology/molecular", "genetics", "computational", "biology/alternative", "splicing", "molecular", "biology/rna", "splicing", "molecular", "biology/bioinformatics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/genetics", "of", "...	2009	Fine-Scale Variation and Genetic Determinants of Alternative Splicing across Individuals
Infections with Taenia solium are the most common cause of adult acquired seizures worldwide , and are the leading cause of epilepsy in developing countries . A better understanding of the genetic diversity of T . solium will improve parasite diagnostics and transmission pathways in endemic areas thereby facilitating t...	Taenia solium , the pork tapeworm , is an important pathogen as it is a major cause of acquired epilepsy in developing countries . The parasite was eliminated from most developed countries decades ago due to improvement in sanitary conditions but it remains a common infection across Asia , Africa and Latin America . Id...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Identification and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers Derived from the Whole Genome Analysis of Taenia solium
The rearrangement of protein domains is known to have key roles in the evolution of signaling networks and , consequently , is a major tool used to synthetically rewire networks . However , natural mutational events leading to the creation of proteins with novel domain combinations , such as in frame fusions followed b...	Cells use complex protein interaction networks to sense and process external signals . Proteins involved in signaling are often composed of multiple functional units called domains . Because domains are modular , mutations that rearrange domains among proteins have the potential to result in the creation of novel prote...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biotechnology", "biochemistry", "synthetic", "biology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "evolutionary", "biology" ]	2014	The Robustness of a Signaling Complex to Domain Rearrangements Facilitates Network Evolution
The Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 ( HTLV-1 ) is crucial for the development of adult T-cell leukemia ( ATL ) , a highly malignant CD4+ T cell neoplasm . Among the multiple aberrant Tax-induced effects on cellular processes , persistent activation of transcription factor NF-κB , which is activated on...	NF-κB is a key transcription factor that regulates many physiologically important cellular processes . However , persistent activation of NF-κB leads to chronic inflammation , autoimmunity and malignancy . Infection with the human retrovirus HTLV-1 causes adult T-cell leukemia , and HTLV-1 Tax-mediated persistent NF-κB...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "phosphorylation", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "recombination", "reactions", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "enzymes", "pathogens", "gene", "regulation", "immunology", "...	2017	HTLV-1 Tax Induces Formation of the Active Macromolecular IKK Complex by Generating Lys63- and Met1-Linked Hybrid Polyubiquitin Chains

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