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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k	summary stringlengths 32 3.35k	section_headings listlengths 1 91	keywords listlengths 0 141	year stringclasses 13 values	title stringlengths 20 281
Socioeconomically deprived children are at increased risk of ill-health associated with sedentary behavior , malnutrition , and helminth infection . The resulting reduced physical fitness , growth retardation , and impaired cognitive abilities may impede children’s capacity to pay attention . The present study examines...	Children growing up in challenging environments , such as townships in South Africa , are at an increased risk of ill-health associated with sedentary behavior , poor nutrition , growth retardation , and infections with parasitic worms . Negative factors such as limited educational resources , insufficient health care ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "children", "cognitive", "neurology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "education", "sociology", "tropical", "diseases", "social", "sciences", "physical", "activity", "parasitic", "diseases", "neuroscience", "pediatrics", "age", "groups", "cognitive", "neuroscienc...	2017	Associations between selective attention and soil-transmitted helminth infections, socioeconomic status, and physical fitness in disadvantaged children in Port Elizabeth, South Africa: An observational study
Nuage are amorphous ultrastructural granules in the cytoplasm of male germ cells as divergent as Drosophila , Xenopus , and Homo sapiens . Most nuage are cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein structures implicated in diverse RNA metabolism including the regulation of PIWI-interacting RNA ( piRNA ) synthesis by the PIWI family ...	Many aspects of RNA processing are essential for or prominent in the differentiation of germ cells . Some RNA metabolism in animal germ cells is associated with physical structures surrounding the cell nucleus called nuage . Nuage has a distinct granular appearance prior to the meiotic divisions with unclear functions ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology/germ", "cells", "genetics", "and", "genomics/animal", "genetics", "molecular", "biology/rna-protein", "interactions", "cell", "biology/developmental", "molecular", "mechanisms", "genetics", "and", "genomics/epigenetics", "developmental", "biology/develop...	2009	GASZ Is Essential for Male Meiosis and Suppression of Retrotransposon Expression in the Male Germline
Evolutionary game dynamics in structured populations has been extensively explored in past decades . However , most previous studies assume that payoffs of individuals are fully determined by the strategic behaviors of interacting parties , and social ties between them only serve as the indicator of the existence of in...	The outcome of an interaction often relies on not only interactants’ strategic behaviors but also genetic and physical relationships between interactants , such as genetic similarity and geographic proximity . Thus when encountering different opponents who use the same strategy , an individual may derive different payo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Models", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "recreation", "infographics", "interpersonal", "relationships", "applied", "mathematics", "social", "sciences", "mathematics", "behavioral", "geography", "public", "goods", "game", "human", "geography", "computer", "and", "information", "sciences", "geography", "games", "...	2019	Evolutionary multiplayer games on graphs with edge diversity
Invasive aspergillosis ( IA ) , primarily caused by Aspergillus fumigatus , is an opportunistic fungal infection predominantly affecting immunocompromised and neutropenic patients that is difficult to treat and results in high mortality . Investigations of neutrophil-hypha interaction in vitro and in animal models of I...	For patients who have compromised immune systems , infection with yeasts and moulds are often deadly . To learn more about how immune cells fight fungal infection , we developed an “infection-on-a-chip” device , which allowed us to directly image interactions in real time . To our surprise , when immune cells attacked ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "chemical", "bonding", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "aspergillus", "fumigatus", "immune", "cells", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "engineering", "and", "technology", "aspergillus", "pathogens", "immunology",...	2017	Neutrophil Interactions Stimulate Evasive Hyphal Branching by Aspergillus fumigatus
Ler , a member of the H-NS protein family , is the master regulator of the LEE pathogenicity island in virulent Escherichia coli strains . Here , we determined the structure of a complex between the DNA-binding domain of Ler ( CT-Ler ) and a 15-mer DNA duplex . CT-Ler recognizes a preexisting structural pattern in the ...	Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains and other enterobacteria carry genes acquired from other bacteria by a process known as horizontal gene transfer . Proper regulation of the genes that are expressed in a given moment is crucial for the success of the bacteria . The protein H-NS is a global regulator that binds DNA an...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "gene", "expression", "genetics", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "dna", "transcription" ]	2011	Indirect DNA Readout by an H-NS Related Protein: Structure of the DNA Complex of the C-Terminal Domain of Ler
Dopaminergic neurons ( DAs ) of the rodent substantia nigra pars compacta ( SNc ) display varied electrophysiological properties in vitro . Despite this , projection patterns and functional inputs from DAs to other structures are conserved , so in vivo delivery of consistent , well-timed dopamine modulation to downstre...	Electrophysiological activity of the neuronal membrane and concomitant ion channel properties are highly variable within groups of neurons of the same type from the same brain region . Reconciliation of the mechanisms generating neuronal activity is challenging due to the complexity of the interactions between the chan...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "action", "potentials", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "membrane", "potential", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "optimization", "ion", "channels", "mathematics", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "transfer", "functions", "mathematical", "functions", ...	2019	Dimensions of control for subthreshold oscillations and spontaneous firing in dopamine neurons
Paramyxoviruses represent a family of RNA viruses causing significant human diseases . These include measles virus , the most infectious virus ever reported , in addition to parainfluenza virus , and other emerging viruses . Paramyxoviruses likely share common replication machinery but their mechanisms of RNA biosynthe...	RNA viruses replicate and transcribe their genomes using complex enzymatic machines known as RNA-dependent RNA polymerases . The chemical reactions driving nucleotide addition are shared among nucleic acid polymerases but the underlying mechanisms of RNA biosynthesis and the complex polymerase structures are diverse . ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "nucleic", "acid", "synthesis", "vesicular", "stomatitis", "virus", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "dna-binding", "proteins", "microbiology", "viruses", "polymerases", "rna", "viruses", "protein", "str...	2018	Initiation, extension, and termination of RNA synthesis by a paramyxovirus polymerase
Mycolactone , the macrolide exotoxin produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans , causes extensive tissue destruction by inducing apoptosis of host cells . In this study , we aimed at the production of antibodies that could neutralize the cytotoxic activities of mycolactone . Using the B cell hybridoma technology , we generate...	Mycolactones A/B ( also simply referred to as mycolactone ) are macrolide exotoxins produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans , the causative agent of the neglected tropical skin disease Buruli ulcer ( BU ) . The potent cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of mycolactones lead to severe destruction of the subcutaneous f...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "physiology", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "toxins", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "immunology", "biological", "cultures", "tropical", "diseases", "fibroblasts", "toxicology", "toxic", "agents", "bacte...	2016	Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of the Exotoxin Mycolactone, the Main Virulence Factor Produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans
We recently reported the medicinal chemistry re-optimization of a series of compounds derived from the human tyrosine kinase inhibitor , lapatinib , for activity against Plasmodium falciparum . From this same library of compounds , we now report potent compounds against Trypanosoma brucei brucei ( which causes human Af...	As part of our efforts to identify compounds that are active against the parasite that causes malaria ( P . falciparum ) , we employed a “parasite hopping” approach in our drug discovery efforts . This involved screening a library of demonstrated antiparasitic agents against other parasites responsible for a host of ne...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "biological", "cultures", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "parasitology", "toxicology", "parasitemia", "trypanosoma", "brucei", "toxicity", "...	2018	Anilinoquinoline based inhibitors of trypanosomatid proliferation
We address the issue of reliably detecting and quantifying cross-frequency coupling ( CFC ) in neural time series . Based on non-linear auto-regressive models , the proposed method provides a generative and parametric model of the time-varying spectral content of the signals . As this method models the entire spectrum ...	Neural oscillations synchronize information across brain areas at various anatomical and temporal scales . Of particular relevance , slow fluctuations of brain activity have been shown to affect high frequency neural activity , by regulating the excitability level of neural populations . Such cross-frequency-coupling c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "acoustics", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "sine", "waves", "engineering", "and", "technology", "signal", "processing", "vertebrates", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "animals", "mammals", "signal", "filtering", "bandwidth", "(signal", "processing)", "rese...	2017	Non-linear auto-regressive models for cross-frequency coupling in neural time series
Schistosoma mansoni is a parasite of major public health importance in developing countries , where it causes a neglected tropical disease known as intestinal schistosomiasis . However , the distribution of the parasite within many endemic regions is currently unknown , which hinders effective control . The purpose of ...	Schistosomiasis constitutes a major public health problem in Tanzania , with up to 80% prevalence of infection in some areas . Infection with the disease causes abdominal pain , diarrhoea , stunted growth and impaired cognitive abilities in children . Accurate information on the distribution of schistosomiasis within T...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "schistosoma", "invertebrates", "schistosoma", "mansoni", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "education", "helminths", "sociology", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "social", "sciences", "parasitic", ...	2017	Estimating the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection among rural communities in Western Tanzania: The influence of sampling strategy and statistical approach
Understanding the epidemiology of seasonal influenza is critical for healthcare resource allocation and early detection of anomalous seasons . It can be challenging to obtain high-quality data of influenza cases specifically , as clinical presentations with influenza-like symptoms may instead be cases of one of a numbe...	When patients present to their doctor with influenza-like symptoms , they may have influenza , or some other respiratory virus . The only way to discriminate between these viruses is with an expensive test , which is not performed in many cases . Additionally , results other than influenza may not be reported . This me...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Model", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "respiratory", "infections", "influenza", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "orthomyxoviruses", "pulmonology", "viruses", "preventive", "medicine", "seasons", "probability", "dis...	2018	Characterising seasonal influenza epidemiology using primary care surveillance data
The unfolded protein response ( UPR ) , which is activated by perturbations of the endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis , has been shown to play an important role in innate immunity and inflammation . However , little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying activation of the UPR during immune responses . Using ...	In the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans , the IRE1–XBP1 pathway , a major branch of the unfolded protein response ( UPR ) , is required for host defense against pathogens . However , how innate immune responses activate the UPR is not fully understood . In this report , we find that Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 inf...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biology", "and", "life", "sciences" ]	2015	mir-233 Modulates the Unfolded Protein Response in C. elegans during Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection
The parasite Onchocerca volvulus has , until recently , been regarded as the cause of a chronic yet non-fatal condition . Recent analyses , however , have indicated that in addition to blindness , the parasite can also be directly associated with human mortality . Such analyses also suggested that the relationship betw...	Human onchocerciasis ( River Blindness ) is a parasitic disease leading to visual impairment including blindness . Blindness may lead to premature death , but infection with the parasite itself ( Onchocerca volvulus ) may also cause excess mortality in sighted individuals . The excess risk of mortality may not be direc...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "global", "health", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "public", "health" ]	2012	Density-Dependent Mortality of the Human Host in Onchocerciasis: Relationships between Microfilarial Load and Excess Mortality
The high failure rate of therapeutics showing promise in mouse models to translate to patients is a pressing challenge in biomedical science . Though retrospective studies have examined the fidelity of mouse models to their respective human conditions , approaches for prospective translation of insights from mouse mode...	Empirical comparison of genomic responses in mouse models and human disease contexts is not sufficient for addressing the challenge of prospective translation from mouse models to human disease contexts . We address this challenge by developing a semi-supervised machine learning approach that combines supervised modeli...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "machine", "learning", "algorithms", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "neural", "networks", "animal", "models", "of", "disease", "applied", "mathematics", "neuroscience", "learning", "and", "memory", "simulation", ...	2019	Computational translation of genomic responses from experimental model systems to humans
Infections of stratified epithelia contribute to a large group of common diseases , such as dermatological conditions and sexually transmitted diseases . To investigate how epithelial structure affects infection dynamics , we develop a general ecology-inspired model for stratified epithelia . Our model allows us to sim...	Many epithelia are stratified in layers of cells and their infection can result in many pathologies , from rashes to cancer . It is important to understand to what extent the epithelial structure determines infection dynamics and outcomes . To aid experimental and clinical studies , we develop a mathematical model that...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "urology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "keratinocytes", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "pathogens", "cell", "processes", "opportunistic", "infections", "cell", "differentiation", "epithelial", "cell...	2019	Epithelial stratification shapes infection dynamics
Burkholderia pseudomallei , the causative agent for melioidosis , has become a public health problem in India and across the world . Melioidosis can be difficult to diagnose because of the inconsistent clinical presentations of the disease . This study aims to determine the genetic diversity among the clinical isolates...	Burkholderia pseudomallei , a gram negative bacteria , is the causative agent for melioidosis . Annually , around 165 , 000 people suffer from melioidosis worldwide . B . pseudomallei is present in wet soil and stagnant water . It enters the human body via percutaneous inoculation , inhalation , aspiration , and occasi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "melioidosis", "geographical", "locations", "india", "bacterial", "diseases", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "sequence", "analysis", "...	2018	Multi locus sequence typing of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from India unveils molecular diversity and confers regional association in Southeast Asia
Models of competitive template replication , although basic for replicator dynamics and primordial evolution , have not yet taken different sequences explicitly into account , neither have they analyzed the effect of resource partitioning ( feeding on different resources ) on coexistence . Here we show by analytical an...	The dynamical theory of competing templates has not yet taken the effect of sequences explicitly into account . One might think that complementary sequences have very limited competition only . We show that , despite interesting sequence effects , competing template replicators yield to Gause's principle of competitive...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Models" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "systems", "ecology", "ecology", "theoretical", "ecology", "chemistry", "biology", "computational", "chemistry", "theoretical", "chemistry" ]	2013	Gause's Principle and the Effect of Resource Partitioning on the Dynamical Coexistence of Replicating Templates
Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases . Despite effective chemotherapeutic treatments , this disease continues to afflict hundreds of millions of people . Understanding the natural intermediate snail hosts of schistosome parasites is vital to the suppression of this disease . A recent...	Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in the world . Though treatments for schistosomiasis infection exist , there is no vaccine , and reinfection is common in areas where the parasite occurs . One possible way to mitigate schistosomiasis is by controlling the transmission of the parasite larv...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "schistosoma", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "helminths", "gene", "regulation", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "physiological", "processes", "gastropods", "neglected", "...	2017	Schistosome infectivity in the snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, is partially dependent on the expression of Grctm6, a Guadeloupe Resistance Complex protein.
Bow-tie or hourglass structure is a common architectural feature found in many biological systems . A bow-tie in a multi-layered structure occurs when intermediate layers have much fewer components than the input and output layers . Examples include metabolism where a handful of building blocks mediate between multiple...	Many biological systems show bow-tie ( also called hourglass ) architecture . A bow-tie means that a large number of inputs are converted to a small number of intermediates , which then fan out to generate a large number of outputs . For example , cells use a wide variety of nutrients; process them into 12 metabolic pr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Evolution of Bow-Tie Architectures in Biology
Translation elongation factor P ( EF-P ) alleviates ribosome pausing at a subset of motifs encoding consecutive proline residues , and is required for growth in many organisms . Here we show that Bacillus subtilis EF-P also alleviates ribosome pausing at sequences encoding tandem prolines and ribosomes paused within se...	Translation elongation factor P ( EF-P ) is a highly conserved protein that alleviates ribosome pausing at consecutive proline residues . Unlike most organisms , EF-P in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis is not required for growth but is instead required for a flagellar-mediated form of motility called swarming . By mapp...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "motility", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "insertion", "mutation", "pathogens", "bacillus", "microbiology", "flagellar", "motility", "mutation", "prokaryotic", "models", "experimental", "organism", "systems"...	2019	Suppressor mutations in ribosomal proteins and FliY restore Bacillus subtilis swarming motility in the absence of EF-P
Topographic neuronal maps arise as a consequence of axon trajectory choice correlated with the localisation of neuronal soma , but the identity of the pathways coordinating these processes is unknown . We addressed this question in the context of the myotopic map formed by limb muscles innervated by spinal lateral moto...	Many areas of our nervous system are organized in a topographic manner , such that the location of a neuron relative to its neighbors is often spatially correlated with its axonal trajectory and therefore target identity . In this study , we focus on the spinal myotopic map , which is characterized by the stereotyped o...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "neuroscience/motor", "systems", "neuroscience", "neuroscience/neurodevelopment", "neuroscience/neuronal", "signaling", "mechanisms" ]	2010	Foxp1 and Lhx1 Coordinate Motor Neuron Migration with Axon Trajectory Choice by Gating Reelin Signalling
Somatosensory information from the periphery is routed to the spinal cord through centrally-projecting sensory axons that cross into the central nervous system ( CNS ) via the dorsal root entry zone ( DREZ ) . The glial cells that ensheath these axons ensure rapid propagation of this information . Despite the importanc...	To survive , animals must receive sensory information from their environment and relay it to the central nervous system . The efficient transfer of this environmental information to the brain and spinal cord requires both neuronal and glial populations found along peripheral sensory nerves . In this work , we describe ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "nervous", "system", "vertebrates", "neuroscience", "animals", "animal", "models", "osteichthyes", "developmental", "biology", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "nerve", "fibers", "embryos", "research", ...	2017	TNFa/TNFR2 signaling is required for glial ensheathment at the dorsal root entry zone
Chemical signals are prevalent in sexual communication systems . Mate recognition has been extensively studied within the Lepidoptera , where the production and recognition of species-specific sex pheromone signals are typically the defining character . While the specific blend of compounds that makes up the sex pherom...	Chemical signals are prevalent in sexual communication systems , especially within the Lepidoptera where sex pheromones are typically one of the defining characteristics of species . We have isolated six desaturases from two groups of sibling species of leafroller moths belonging to the genera Ctenopseustis and Planoto...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biology", "evolutionary", "biology" ]	2012	Sex Pheromone Evolution Is Associated with Differential Regulation of the Same Desaturase Gene in Two Genera of Leafroller Moths
Spinal motoneurones ( Mns ) constitute the final output for the execution of motor tasks . In addition to innervating muscles , Mns project excitatory collateral connections to Renshaw cells ( RCs ) and other Mns , but the latter have received little attention . We show that Mns receive strong synaptic input from other...	Motoneurones ( Mns ) are the last elements of the networks that command , coordinate , and actuate the most essential of behaviours: movement . Their activation triggers muscle contractions , and the many diseases affecting Mns cause progressive and fatal paralysis . We show here that Mns themselves form an interconnec...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "neurochemistry", "action", "potentials", "nervous", "system", "membrane", "potential", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "surgical", "and", "invasive", "medical", "procedures", "functional", "electrical", "stimulation", "neurotra...	2018	Recurrent excitation between motoneurones propagates across segments and is purely glutamatergic
Despite that over 90 million pregnancies are at risk of Plasmodium vivax infection annually , little is known about the epidemiology and impact of the infection in pregnancy . We undertook a health facility-based prospective observational study in pregnant women from Guatemala ( GT ) , Colombia ( CO ) , Brazil ( BR ) ,...	More than 90 million pregnancies are exposed to P . vivax infection every year . While it is well known that pregnant women have an increased risk of P . falciparum infection and disease , much less is known on the epidemiology and the impact of P . vivax in pregnancy . A health-facility based observational study was c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "parasite", "groups", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "maternal", "health", "plasmodium", "obstetrics", "and", "gynecology", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "anemia", "parasitology", "apicomplexa", "...	2017	Burden and impact of Plasmodium vivax in pregnancy: A multi-centre prospective observational study
The creation of protein from DNA is a dynamic process consisting of numerous reactions , such as transcription , translation and protein folding . Each of these reactions is further comprised of hundreds or thousands of sub-steps that must be completed before a protein is fully mature . Consequently , the time it takes...	Delay in gene regulatory networks often arises from the numerous sequential reactions necessary to create fully functional protein from DNA . While the molecular mechanisms behind protein production and maturation are known , it is still unknown to what extent the resulting delay affects signaling in transcriptional ne...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "stochastic", "processes", "mathematics", "theoretical", "biology", "regulatory", "networks", "synthetic", "biology", "biology", "computational", "biology", "signaling", "networks", "molecular", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "probability", ...	2011	Stochastic Delay Accelerates Signaling in Gene Networks
Plants and algae adapt to fluctuating light conditions to optimize photosynthesis , minimize photodamage , and prioritize energy investments . Changes in the translation of chloroplast mRNAs are known to contribute to these adaptations , but the scope and magnitude of these responses are unclear . To clarify the phenom...	Our experiments address the effects of light on protein synthesis within chloroplasts , whose ~80 genes are essential for photosynthesis and account for a large fraction of the protein synthesis in leaf tissue . Light is necessary for photosynthesis but it also triggers photo-oxidative damage . It is known that light-i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "plant", "cell", "biology", "messenger", "rna", "chloroplasts", "plant", "science", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "seedlings", "plants", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "genetic", "footp...	2018	Multilevel effects of light on ribosome dynamics in chloroplasts program genome-wide and psbA-specific changes in translation
5’ ends are important for determining the fate of RNA molecules . BCDIN3D is an RNA phospho-methyltransferase that methylates the 5’ monophosphate of specific RNAs . In order to gain new insights into the molecular function of BCDIN3D , we performed an unbiased analysis of its interacting RNAs by Thermostable Group II ...	We previously identified an important modification of human microRNAs , written by BCDIN3D , an RNA phospho-methyltransferase linked to triple negative breast cancer , obesity and type II diabetes . Here , we employed a powerful sequencing method that overcomes RNA secondary structure and RNA modifications , to unbiase...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "transfer", "rna", "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "natural", "antisense", "transcripts", "gene", "regulation", "enzymes", "geographical", "locations", "enzymology", "phosphatases", "northern", "blot", "micrornas", "methylation", "molecular",...	2019	BCDIN3D regulates tRNAHis 3’ fragment processing
The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii secretes effector proteins into the host cell that manipulate the immune response allowing it to establish a chronic infection . Crosses between the types I , II and III strains , which are prevalent in North America and Europe , have identified several secreted eff...	Toxoplasma gondii can infect any warm-blooded animal and is transmitted orally by consumption of tissue cysts . To facilitate transmission , the parasite must balance induction and evasion of host immune responses to allow parasite growth and persistence , while avoiding excessive parasite burden , which can kill the h...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "immunology", "biology", "microbiology", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2012	The Rhoptry Proteins ROP18 and ROP5 Mediate Toxoplasma gondii Evasion of the Murine, But Not the Human, Interferon-Gamma Response
Organ size control is of particular importance for developmental biology and agriculture , but the mechanisms underlying organ size regulation remain elusive in plants . Meristemoids , which possess stem cell-like properties , have been recognized to play important roles in leaf growth . We have recently reported that ...	Organ size is coordinately regulated by cell proliferation and cell expansion; however , the mechanisms of organ size control are still poorly understood . We have previously demonstrated that the Arabidopsis F-box protein STERILE APETALA ( SAP ) /SUPPRESSOR OF DA1 ( SOD3 ) controls organ size by promoting meristemoid ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "plant", "anatomy", "gene", "regulation", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "brassica", "plant", "science", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "plants", "flower", "anatomy", "arabidopsis", "thaliana", "research"...	2018	STERILE APETALA modulates the stability of a repressor protein complex to control organ size in Arabidopsis thaliana
Extrinsic apoptosis is a programmed cell death triggered by external ligands , such as the TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) . Depending on the cell line , the specific molecular mechanisms leading to cell death may significantly differ . Precise characterization of these differences is crucial for unders...	Apoptosis , a major form of programmed cell death , plays a crucial role in shaping organs during development and controls homeostasis and tissue integrity throughout life . Defective apoptosis is often involved in cancer development and progression . Current understanding of externally triggered apoptosis is that deat...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "biochemical", "simulations", "signaling", "networks", "biology", "computational", "biology" ]	2013	STL-based Analysis of TRAIL-induced Apoptosis Challenges the Notion of Type I/Type II Cell Line Classification
Neurotrophins are key regulators of neuronal survival and differentiation during development . Activation of their cognate receptors , Trk receptors , a family of receptor tyrosine kinases ( RTKs ) , is pivotal for mediating the downstream functions of neurotrophins . Recent studies reveal that cyclin-dependent kinase ...	Accurate transmission of information in the nervous system requires the precise formation of contact points between neurons . Regulation of these contact sites involves fine tuning the number and branching of dendritic processes on neurons . Throughout development , several secreted factors act to regulate dendrite num...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "biology", "arthropods", "vertebrates", "mus", "(mouse)", "neuroscience", "mammals" ]	2007	Cdk5 Is Involved in BDNF-Stimulated Dendritic Growth in Hippocampal Neurons
The influenza A virus RNA polymerase is a heterotrimeric complex responsible for viral genome transcription and replication in the nucleus of infected cells . We recently carried out a proteomic analysis of purified polymerase expressed in human cells and identified a number of polymerase-associated cellular proteins ....	The influenza A viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics of respiratory infections that may be life threatening . The viral genome contains 8 RNA molecules forming ribonucleoproteins that replicate and transcribe in the nucleus of infected cells . Influenza viruses are intracellular parasites that need t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "genetics", "biology", "microbiology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2011	The Splicing Factor Proline-Glutamine Rich (SFPQ/PSF) Is Involved in Influenza Virus Transcription
The contribution of epigenetic variation to phenotypic variation is unclear . Imprinted genes , because of their strong association with epigenetic modifications , represent an opportunity for the discovery of such phenomena . In mammals and flowering plants , a subset of genes are expressed from only one parental alle...	The contribution of genetic variation to phenotypic variation is well-established . By contrast , it is unknown how frequently epigenetic variation causes differences in organismal phenotypes . Epigenetic information is closely associated with but not encoded in the DNA sequence . In practice , it is challenging to dis...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "plant", "anatomy", "brassica", "endosperm", "developmental", "biology", "plant", "science", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "epigenetics", "dna", "plants", "dna", "methylation", "chromatin", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "arabid...	2018	A variably imprinted epiallele impacts seed development
CLAVATA signaling restricts stem cell identity in the shoot apical meristem ( SAM ) in Arabidopsis thaliana . In rice ( Oryza sativa ) , FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER2 ( FON2 ) , closely related to CLV3 , is involved as a signaling molecule in a similar pathway to negatively regulate stem cell proliferation in the floral meriste...	The body plan of plants is regulated by the function of apical meristems that are generated in the embryo . Leaves and floral organs are derived from cells supplied by stem cells in the vegetative shoot apical meristem ( SAM ) and the floral meristem ( FM ) , respectively . Thus , genetic regulation of stem cell mainte...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "plant", "biology/plant", "genomes", "and", "evolution", "developmental", "biology/plant", "growth", "and", "development", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "function", "plant", "biology/plant", "growth", "and", "development", "plant", "biology/plant", "genetics", "and"...	2009	FON2 SPARE1 Redundantly Regulates Floral Meristem Maintenance with FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER2 in Rice
Animal African Trypanosomosis ( AAT ) presents a severe problem for agricultural development in sub-Saharan Africa . It is caused by several trypanosome species and current means of diagnosis are expensive and impractical for field use . Our aim was to discover antigens for the detection of antibodies to Trypanosoma co...	Animal African Trypanosomosis ( AAT ) is a set of diseases whereby animals are infected with single-cell parasites that replicate in their bloodstream . The disease in cattle results in weight-loss and death , and AAT is a significant veterinary problem for sub-Saharan Africa . One of the principal trypanosome species ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biochemistry", "veterinary", "diseases", "veterinary", "parasitology", "proteins", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "proteomics", "microbiology", "veterinary", "science", "parasitology" ]	2014	Proteomic Selection of Immunodiagnostic Antigens for Trypanosoma congolense
The helminth Ascaris causes ascariasis in both humans and pigs . Humans , especially children , experience significant morbidity including respiratory complications , growth deficits and intestinal obstruction . Given that 800 million people worldwide are infected by Ascaris , this represents a significant global publi...	Ascaris infection is a significant burden on the people who live in developing countries with infection being linked to poor hygiene and low socio-economic status . The parasite causes a range of symptoms , especially in children , which include both chronic morbidity , such as growth retardation , and acute outcomes ,...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "gene", "regulation", "immunology", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "nematode", "infections", "animal", "models", "ascaris", "model", "organisms", "research", "an...	2016	A Proteomic Investigation of Hepatic Resistance to Ascaris in a Murine Model
CFTR modulators have revolutionized the treatment of individuals with cystic fibrosis ( CF ) by improving the function of existing protein . Unfortunately , almost half of the disease-causing variants in CFTR are predicted to introduce premature termination codons ( PTC ) thereby causing absence of full-length CFTR pro...	The development of variant specific modulators that correct dysfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) protein is an excellent example of precision medicine . Currently there is no molecular treatment available for individuals with cystic fibrosis ( CF ) carrying nonsense or frameshift v...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "reverse", "transcriptase-polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "chemical", "compounds", "gene", "regulation", "messenger", "rna", "genetic", "diseases", "fibrosis", "pulmonology", "epithelial", "cells", "developmental", "biology", "cy...	2018	Capitalizing on the heterogeneous effects of CFTR nonsense and frameshift variants to inform therapeutic strategy for cystic fibrosis
Correct daily phasing of transcription confers an adaptive advantage to almost all organisms , including higher plants . In this study , we describe a hypothesis-driven network discovery pipeline that identifies biologically relevant patterns in genome-scale data . To demonstrate its utility , we analyzed a comprehensi...	As the earth rotates , environmental conditions oscillate between illuminated warm days and dark cool nights . Plants have adapted to these changes by timing physiological processes to specific times of the day or night . Light and temperature signaling and the circadian clock regulate this adaptive response . To deter...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "oryza", "developmental", "biology", "arabidopsis", "(thale", "cress)", "plant", "biology", "computational", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology", "molecular", "biology" ]	2008	Network Discovery Pipeline Elucidates Conserved Time-of-Day–Specific cis-Regulatory Modules
During lytic infections , HSV-1 genomes are assembled into unstable nucleosomes . The histones required for HSV-1 chromatin assembly , however , are in the cellular chromatin . We have shown that linker ( H1 ) and core ( H2B and H4 ) histones are mobilized during HSV-1 infection , and proposed that the mobilized histon...	H3 . 1 is typically assembled into chromatin during DNA replication-dependent chromatin assembly . However , histones undergo exchange with those not bound in chromatin . During such exchanges , DNA replication-independent chromatin assembly incorporates histone variants , such as H3 . 3 . The HSV-1 genomes are chromat...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	The Differential Mobilization of Histones H3.1 and H3.3 by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Relates Histone Dynamics to the Assembly of Viral Chromatin
Gene transcription is a noisy process , and cell division cycle is an important source of gene transcription noise . In this work , we develop a mathematical approach by coupling transcription kinetics with cell division cycles to delineate how they are combined to regulate transcription output and noise . In view of g...	Gene transcription in single cells is inherently a stochastic process , resulting in a large variability in the number of transcripts and constituting the phenotypic heterogeneity in cell population . Cell division cycle has global effects on transcriptional outputs , and is thought to be an additional source of transc...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Models", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "g1", "phase", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "messenger", "rna", "dna", "transcription", "physiological", "processes", "homeostasis", "stem", "cells", "synthesis", "phase", "animal", "cells"...	2019	The nonlinear dynamics and fluctuations of mRNA levels in cell cycle coupled transcription
The mechanisms underlying human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) latency remain incompletely understood . Here , we showed that a HCMV-encoded miRNA , miR-UL148D , robustly accumulates during late stages of experimental latent HCMV infection in host cells and promotes HCMV latency by modulating the immediate early response gen...	Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) is a herpesvirus that is prevalent around the world . Following primary infection , HCMV can persist for the lifetime of a host by establishing a latent infection . While HCMV infection normally causes no clinical symptoms , reactivation of HCMV from latency can cause deadly disease in im...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "transfection", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "gene", "regulation", "pathogens", "microbiology", "cytomegalovirus", "infection", "dna", "transcription", "viruses", "micro...	2016	Human Cytomegalovirus miR-UL148D Facilitates Latent Viral Infection by Targeting Host Cell Immediate Early Response Gene 5
As more regions approach malaria elimination , understanding how different interventions interact to reduce transmission becomes critical . The Lake Kariba area of Southern Province , Zambia , is part of a multi-country elimination effort and presents a particular challenge as it is an interconnected region of variable...	What would it take to eliminate malaria in southern Africa ? While the past century has seen many countries eliminate malaria , and many regions have dramatically reduced malaria burden in the last fifteen years , no sub-Saharan African country has yet eliminated malaria . In the Lake Kariba region of Southern Province...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "tropical", "diseases", "social", "sciences", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "human", "mobility", "protozoans", "si...	2016	Malaria Elimination Campaigns in the Lake Kariba Region of Zambia: A Spatial Dynamical Model
Early recognition of dengue , particularly patients at risk for plasma leakage , is important to clinical management . The objective of this study was to build predictive models for dengue , dengue hemorrhagic fever ( DHF ) , and dengue shock syndrome ( DSS ) using structural equation modelling ( SEM ) , a statistical ...	Dengue virus infection is one of the most critical public health issues , particularly in tropical and subtropical regions . This study developed statistical predictive models using the data obtained from 257 Thai children for dengue , dengue hemorrhagic fever , and dengue shock syndrome using structural equation model...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "clinical", "laboratory", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "immune", "cells", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "statistics", "blood", "counts", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "mathematics", "s...	2018	Use of structural equation models to predict dengue illness phenotype
A subset of human cancer cells uses a specialized , aberrant recombination pathway known as ALT to maintain telomeres , which in these cells are characterized by complex aberrations including length heterogeneity , high levels of unpaired C-strand , and accumulation of extra-chromosomal telomere repeats ( ECTR ) . Thes...	The majority of cancer cells use a special enzyme called telomerase to maintain telomeres . However , some cancer cells do not possess telomerase and use instead the so-called ALT mechanism to maintain telomeres . ALT is a complex pathway that entails the action of many factors , and the telomere DNAs of ALT cancer cel...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Mre11 and Blm-Dependent Formation of ALT-Like Telomeres in Ku-Deficient Ustilago maydis
Fibrinogen is a serum multi-chain protein which , when activated , aggregates to form fibrin , one of the main components of a blood clot . Fibrinolysis controls blood clot dissolution through the action of the enzyme plasmin , which cleaves fibrin at specific locations . Although the main biochemical factors involved ...	Fibrinogen , a protein found in the blood of vertebrates , when activated , aggregates and forms fibrin fibers , the basis of a blood clot . Clots are broken down by the enzyme plasmin , which cuts fibrin fibers at specific places , thus helping the regulation of clot persistence . A mechanistic understanding of fibrin...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	The Internal Dynamics of Fibrinogen and Its Implications for Coagulation and Adsorption
Human alveolar echinococcocosis ( AE ) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the cestode E . multilocularis . Its life-cycle includes more than 40 species of small mammal intermediate hosts . Therefore , host biodiversity losses could be expected to alter transmission . Climate may also ...	The loss or gain of certain host species may either dilute or amplify the risk of pathogen and parasite infection through direct or indirect effects . The relative contribution of host communities combined with climate and landscape characteristics on non-vector-borne parasite transmission to humans has been a relative...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "spatial", "epidemiology", "biodiversity", "parasitic", "diseases", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "echinococcosis", "disease", "mapping", "infectious", "diseases", "enviro...	2013	Drivers of Echinococcus multilocularis Transmission in China: Small Mammal Diversity, Landscape or Climate?
If highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses acquire affinity for human rather than avian respiratory epithelium , will their susceptibility to neuraminidase ( NA ) inhibitors ( the likely first line of defense against an influenza pandemic ) change as well ? Adequate pandemic preparedness requires that this question be...	If the avian influenza H5N1 viruses adapt to human hosts , the first step is likely to be a switch in the preference of their viral hemagglutinin ( HA ) glycoprotein to bind to human rather than avian cell receptors . Such a switch may also alter virus susceptibility to neuraminidase ( NA ) inhibitors , which are anti-...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/respiratory", "infections" ]	2008	Human-Like Receptor Specificity Does Not Affect the Neuraminidase-Inhibitor Susceptibility of H5N1 Influenza Viruses
TORC1 is a central regulator of cell growth in response to amino acids . The role of the evolutionarily conserved Gtr/Rag pathway in the regulation of TORC1 is well-established . Recent genetic studies suggest that an additional regulatory pathway , depending on the activity of Pib2 , plays a role in TORC1 activation i...	TORC1 is a central regulator of cell growth in response to amino acids . The evolutionarily conserved Gtr/Rag pathway is a well-established TORC1 regulatory pathway . In this study , we show that two molecular machineries , Pib2 and Gtr/Ego , form distinct complexes with TORC1 in a mutually exclusive manner , implying ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "phosphorylation", "chemical", "compounds", "vacuoles", "aliphatic", "amino", "acids", "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "immunoblotting", "organic", "compounds", "leucine", "fungi", "immunoprecipitation", "acidic", "amino", "acids", "amino", "acids", "molecular", "biol...	2018	Gtr/Ego-independent TORC1 activation is achieved through a glutamine-sensitive interaction with Pib2 on the vacuolar membrane
Pavlovian influences are important in guiding decision-making across health and psychopathology . There is an increasing interest in using concise computational tasks to parametrise such influences in large populations , and especially to track their evolution during development and changes in mental health . However ,...	Choice behaviour is guided by Pavlovian influences , so that particular features of a situation , e . g . if one seeks to gain rewards to avoid losses , privilege certain decisions over others–here , to be active versus vs . inactive respectively . Such privileging may be useful but may also impair optimal instrumental...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "learning", "psychometrics", "psychology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "cognitive", "psychology", "emotions", "mental", "health", "and", "psychiatry", "decision", "making", "human", "learning", "cognition", "behavior", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", ...	2018	Change, stability, and instability in the Pavlovian guidance of behaviour from adolescence to young adulthood
In endemic areas with high transmission intensities , malaria infections are very often composed of multiple genetically distinct strains of malaria parasites . It has been hypothesised that this leads to intra-host competition , in which parasite strains compete for resources such as space and nutrients . This competi...	Malaria infections are very often composed of multiple strains of malaria parasites . It is thought that these strains may compete for resources such as space and nutrients within the host . Here we show that such “within-host competition” has repercussions for the virulence of the malaria infection , so that infection...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Within-host Competition Does Not Select for Virulence in Malaria Parasites; Studies with Plasmodium yoelii
Visceral Leishmaniasis ( VL ) , caused by the intracellular protozoan Leishmania donovani , is characterized by relentlessly increasing visceral parasite replication , cachexia , massive splenomegaly , pancytopenia and ultimately death . Progressive disease is considered to be due to impaired effector T cell function a...	Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is a neglected parasitic disease that is caused by the intracellular protozoan Leishmania donovani . Patients with this disease suffer from muscle wasting , enlargement of the spleen , reduced blood counts and ultimately will die without treatment . Progressive disease is considered to be ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Conclusions", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "immune", "physiology", "spleen", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "vertebrates", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "mammals", "parasitic", "protozoans", "protozoans", "leishmania", "ne...	2017	Transcriptional Profiling in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis Reveals a Broad Splenic Inflammatory Environment that Conditions Macrophages toward a Disease-Promoting Phenotype
Past case reports have indicated that lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) occurs in Zambia , but knowledge about its geographical distribution and prevalence pattern , and the underlying potential environmental drivers , has been limited . As a background for planning and implementation of control , a country-wide mapping surv...	Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is a debilitating mosquito borne parasitic infection which worldwide affects more than 120 million people . It is also widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa . A World Health Organization coordinated Global Programme to Eliminate LF has targeted LF for elimination as a public health problem by the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "ecology", "global", "health", "epidemiology", "biology", "public", "health" ]	2014	Mapping the Geographical Distribution of Lymphatic Filariasis in Zambia
The cyclooctadepsipeptide emodepside and its parent compound PF1022A are broad-spectrum nematicidal drugs which are able to eliminate nematodes resistant to other anthelmintics . The mode of action of cyclooctadepsipeptides is only partially understood , but involves the latrophilin Lat-1 receptor and the voltage- and ...	Emodepside is an anthelmintic introduced into the market as an ingredient of different dewormers for cats and dogs , and is the only member of the cyclooctadepsipeptide class which has been commercialized . The voltage-gated and calcium-activated potassium channel Slo-1 has been implicated in the mode of action of emod...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "calcium-activated", "potassium", "channels", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "drugs", "tropical", "diseases", "antihelmintics", "parasitic", "diseases", "neuroscience", "parasitology", "parasite", "physiology", "nematode", "infections", "ion", "channels", "drug", ...	2014	Characterization of the Ca2+-Gated and Voltage-Dependent K+-Channel Slo-1 of Nematodes and Its Interaction with Emodepside
Triatomine vectors transmit Trypanosoma cruzi , the etiological agent of Chagas disease in humans . Transmission to humans typically occurs when contaminated triatomine feces come in contact with the bite site or mucosal membranes . In the Southern Cone of South America , where the highest burden of disease exists , Tr...	Chagas disease in humans is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and it is endemic to the Americas . Poor populations are most at risk . The parasite infects an estimated six million people of 21 endemic countries in the Americas , with 30 , 000 new infections yearly . The main mode of transmission is vector-borne ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "microbiome", "microbiology", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "animals", "protozoans", "mathematics", "insect", "vectors", "triatoma", "bacteria", "discrete", "mathematics", "microbial", "genomics...	2019	Hindgut microbiota in laboratory-reared and wild Triatoma infestans
Two different Th2 subsets have been defined recently on the basis of IL-5 expression – an IL-5+Th2 subset and an IL-5−Th2 subset in the setting of allergy . However , the role of these newly described CD4+ T cells subpopulations has not been explored in other contexts . To study the role of the Th2 subpopulation in a c...	Th2 cells are CD4+ T cells that produce a unique set of cytokines - IL-4 , IL-5 and IL-13 . Th2 cells are commonly associated with allergies , asthma and helminth infections . A common helminth infection that infects over 120 million people worldwide is lymphatic filarial infection caused by filarial parasites . We sho...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "immune", "cells", "filariasis", "t", "cells", "immunology", "biology", "parasitic", "diseases", "immune", "response", "helminth", "infection" ]	2014	Parasite-Antigen Driven Expansion of IL-5− and IL-5+ Th2 Human Subpopulations in Lymphatic Filariasis and Their Differential Dependence on IL-10 and TGFβ
Although treatment with interleukin-7 ( IL-7 ) was shown to transiently expand the naïve and memory T-cell pools in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection receiving antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) , it is uncertain whether a full immunologic reconstitution can be achieved . Moreover , the effects of IL-7 have never been ...	The development of highly effective cocktails of antiretroviral drugs has had a major impact on the survival and quality of life of individuals with HIV-1 infection . Yet , current protocols often fail to fully restore the immunologic function , a limitation that has prompted the clinical evaluation of immune-reconstit...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "biology" ]	2012	Treatment with IL-7 Prevents the Decline of Circulating CD4+ T Cells during the Acute Phase of SIV Infection in Rhesus Macaques
Arthritogenic alphaviruses , including Ross River virus ( RRV ) and chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) , are responsible for explosive epidemics involving millions of cases . These mosquito-transmitted viruses cause inflammation and injury in skeletal muscle and joint tissues that results in debilitating pain . We previously ...	Mosquito-transmitted chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) , Ross River virus ( RRV ) , and related alphaviruses cause epidemics involving millions of persons , such as on-going CHIKV outbreaks in the Caribbean and Central and South America . Infection with these viruses results in severe pain due to inflammation of musculoskele...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Myeloid Cell Arg1 Inhibits Control of Arthritogenic Alphavirus Infection by Suppressing Antiviral T Cells
The epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) plays a key role in regulating cell proliferation , migration , and differentiation , and aberrant EGFR signaling is implicated in a variety of cancers . EGFR signaling is triggered by extracellular ligand binding , which promotes EGFR dimerization and activation . Ligand-b...	Epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) molecules are of central importance in cellular communication . Embedded in the cell membrane , these receptors bind epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) molecules outside the cell and translate this binding into specific biochemical signals inside the cell , which in turn trigger c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "biophysics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "computational", "biology" ]	2014	Membrane Interaction of Bound Ligands Contributes to the Negative Binding Cooperativity of the EGF Receptor
Mycobacterium leprae is the causative agent of leprosy and also known to possess unique features such as inability to proliferate in vitro . Among the cellular components of M . leprae , various glycolipids present on the cell envelope are well characterized and some of them are identified to be pathogenic factors resp...	Mycobacterium leprae , the causative agent of leprosy , has unique physiological features including being uncultivable in artificial media . This fact raises the possibility that M . leprae possesses specific metabolism that are different from other cultivable mycobacteria . Among the components of M . leprae , the gly...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[ "mycobacterium", "leprae", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "intracellular", "pathogens", "pathogens", "tropical", "diseases", "animal", "models", "bacterial", "diseases", "model", "organisms", "metabolites", "neglecte...	2016	Profiling of Intracellular Metabolites: An Approach to Understanding the Characteristic Physiology of Mycobacterium leprae
Mature Drosophila sperm are highly polarized cells—on one side is a nearly 2 mm long flagellar tail that comprises most of the cell , while on the other is the sperm head , which carries the gamete's genetic information . The polarization of the sperm cells commences after meiosis is complete and the 64-cell spermatid ...	After completion of meiosis , the 64 cells in the spermatid cyst begin differentiating into sperm . Sperm are highly polarized cells and a critical step in their differentiation is spermatid cyst polarization . Spermatids are also polarized within the testis , with the heads of the elongating spermatids located basally...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "animal", "genetics", "molecular", "development", "gene", "expression", "genetics", "gene", "regulation", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "molecular", "genetics", "morphogenesis", "pattern", "formation", "cell", "differentiation", "gene",...	2014	Spermatid Cyst Polarization in Drosophila Depends upon apkc and the CPEB Family Translational Regulator orb2
Small molecule drugs target many core metabolic enzymes in humans and pathogens , often mimicking endogenous ligands . The effects may be therapeutic or toxic , but are frequently unexpected . A large-scale mapping of the intersection between drugs and metabolism is needed to better guide drug discovery . To map the in...	All humans , plants , and animals use enzymes to metabolize food for energy , build and maintain the body , and get rid of toxins . Drugs used to clear infections or cure cancer often target enzymes in bacteria or cancer cells , but the drugs can interfere with the proper function of human enzymes as well . Recent stud...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "chemical", "biology/small", "molecule", "chemistry", "infectious", "diseases", "genetics", "and", "genomics/comparative", "genomics", "pharmacology/drug", "development", "computational", "biology/metabolic", "networks", "pharmacology", "computational", "biology/metagenomics", "g...	2009	A Mapping of Drug Space from the Viewpoint of Small Molecule Metabolism
In 2013–2014 , French Polynesia experienced for the first time a Zika outbreak . Two Aedes mosquitoes may have contributed to Zika virus ( ZIKV ) transmission in French Polynesia: the worldwide distributed Ae . aegypti and the Polynesian islands-endemic Ae . polynesiensis mosquito . To evaluate their vector competence ...	From 2007 , Zika virus has caused several outbreaks in the Pacific including French Polynesia . Aedes aegypti mosquito which is present in almost all Pacific Island Countries is reasonably expected to have been involved in the Zika outbreaks . In addition endemic Aedes mosquito species may have sustained Zika virus tra...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "legs", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "limbs", "(anatomy)", "saliva", "animals", "ethnicities", "viruses", "rna", "virus...	2016	Vector Competence of French Polynesian Aedes aegypti and Aedes polynesiensis for Zika Virus
Invasive fungal infections caused by the pathogen Candida albicans have transitioned from a rare curiosity to a major cause of human mortality . This is in part due to the emergence of resistance to the limited number of antifungals available to treat fungal infections . Azoles function by targeting the biosynthesis of...	Fungal infections caused by the pathogen Candida albicans pose a serious threat to human health . Treating these infections relies heavily on the azole antifungals , however , resistance to these drugs develops readily demanding novel therapeutic strategies . We performed large-scale systematic screens in both C . albi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "&", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "chemical", "compounds", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "microbiology", "cloning", "organic", "compounds", "organisms", "fungi", "deletion", "mutagenesis", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "molecul...	2018	Global analysis of genetic circuitry and adaptive mechanisms enabling resistance to the azole antifungal drugs
A small mobile protein , encoded by the FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ) locus , plays a central role in the control of flowering . FT is regulated positively by CONSTANS ( CO ) , the output of the photoperiod pathway , and negatively by FLC , which integrates the effects of prolonged cold exposure . Here , we reveal the mecha...	Flowering is a pivotal event in the life cycle of many plants and is therefore under tight control . The ability to detect the daily photoperiod is of particular importance in many plant species , as it enables them to enter the reproductive phase in response to seasonal changes in day length . When the photoperiod is ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "expression", "genetics", "and", "genomics/functional", "genomics", "developmental", "biology/plant", "growth", "and", "development", "plant", "biology/plant", "growth", "and", "development", "plant", "biology/plant", "genetics", "and", ...	2009	Repression of Flowering by the miR172 Target SMZ
Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is a re-emerging , pathogenic alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by Aedes spp . mosquitoes—causing fever and debilitating joint pain , with frequent long-term health implications and high morbidity . The CHIKV lifecycle is poorly understood and specific antiviral therapeutics or vaccin...	Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is a mosquito-borne virus that infects humans and causes chikungunya fever—characterized by fever , rash and chronic arthralgia . Treatment of chikungunya fever is limited to the alleviation of the symptoms and no vaccine is available to prevent infection . Consequently , new anti-CHIKV ther...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "nucleic", "acid", "synthesis", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "togaviruses", "chikungunya", "infection", "gene", "regulation", "pathogens", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "alphaviruses", "viruses", "chikung...	2019	Chikungunya virus requires cellular chloride channels for efficient genome replication
The insulin/IGF-activated AKT signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating tissue growth and metabolism in multicellular animals . Although core components of the pathway are well defined , less is known about mechanisms that adjust the sensitivity of the pathway to extracellular stimuli . In humans , disturban...	Insulin signaling is an important and conserved physiological regulator of growth , metabolism , and longevity in multicellular animals . Disturbance in insulin signaling is common in human metabolic disorders . For example insulin resistance is a hallmark of diabetes and metabolic syndrome . While the core components ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biology" ]	2011	MAPK/ERK Signaling Regulates Insulin Sensitivity to Control Glucose Metabolism in Drosophila
The accurate diagnosis and clinical management of the growth restriction disorder Silver Russell Syndrome ( SRS ) has confounded researchers and clinicians for many years due to the myriad of genetic and epigenetic alterations reported in these patients and the lack of suitable animal models to test the contribution of...	Silver Russell syndrome is a severe developmental disorder characterised by low birth weight , sparing of the head and neonatal hypoglycemia . SRS adults are small and can be extremely thin , lacking body fat . Numerous genetic and epigenetic mutations have been linked to SRS primarily involving imprinted genes , but p...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "growth", "restriction", "brown", "adipose", "tissue", "pediatrics", "animal", "models", "age", "groups", "developmental", "biology", "adults", "model", "organisms", "child", "growth", "mitochondria", "epigenetics", "bioenergetic...	2016	Cdkn1c Boosts the Development of Brown Adipose Tissue in a Murine Model of Silver Russell Syndrome
PCNA ubiquitylation on lysine 164 is required for DNA damage tolerance . In many organisms PCNA is also ubiquitylated in unchallenged S phase but the significance of this has not been established . Using Schizosaccharomyces pombe , we demonstrate that lysine 164 ubiquitylation of PCNA contributes to efficient DNA repli...	PCNA is a homotrimeric complex that clamps around the DNA to provide a sliding platform for DNA polymerases and other replication and repair enzymes . The covalent modification of PCNA by ubiquitin on lysine reside 164 has been extensively studied in the context of DNA repair: it is required to mediate the bypass of da...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "dna-binding", "proteins", "dna", "damage", "fungi", "model", "organisms", "polymerases", "dna", "replication", "immunoprecipitation", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "dna", "epigenetics", "synthesi...	2017	PCNA ubiquitylation ensures timely completion of unperturbed DNA replication in fission yeast
Progesterone and estrogen are critical regulators of uterine receptivity . To facilitate uterine remodeling for embryo attachment , estrogen activity in the uterine epithelia is attenuated by progesterone; however , the molecular mechanism by which this occurs is poorly defined . COUP-TFII ( chicken ovalbumin upstream ...	Pregnancy is established and maintained through a series of precisely choreographed cellular and molecular events that are controlled by two sex hormones , estrogen and progesterone . Both hormones exert their actions through their distinct nuclear receptors . During the peri-implantation period , estrogen activity is ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "mammals", "physiology", "eukaryotes", "vertebrates", "mus", "(mouse)", "animals", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2007	COUP-TFII Mediates Progesterone Regulation of Uterine Implantation by Controlling ER Activity
Vertebrate genomes contain numerous copies of retroviral sequences , acquired over the course of evolution . Until recently they were thought to be the only type of RNA viruses to be so represented , because integration of a DNA copy of their genome is required for their replication . In this study , an extensive seque...	Vertebrate genomes contain numerous copies of retroviral sequences , acquired over the course of evolution . Until recently they were thought to be the only type of RNA viruses to be so represented . In this comprehensive study , we compared sequences representing all known non-retroviruses containing single stranded R...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics", "virology" ]	2010	Unexpected Inheritance: Multiple Integrations of Ancient Bornavirus and Ebolavirus/Marburgvirus Sequences in Vertebrate Genomes
Recent experimental measurements have demonstrated that spontaneous neural activity in the absence of explicit external stimuli has remarkable spatiotemporal structure . This spontaneous activity has also been shown to play a key role in the response to external stimuli . To better understand this role , we proposed a ...	The neural activity without explicit stimuli shows highly structured patterns in space and time , known as spontaneous activity . This spontaneous activity plays a key role in the behavior of the response to external stimuli generated by the interplay between the spontaneous activity and external input . Studying this ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Model", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "physics", "mathematics", "biology", "computational", "biology", "nonlinear", "dynamics", "biophysics", "neuroscience" ]	2013	Embedding Responses in Spontaneous Neural Activity Shaped through Sequential Learning
One mechanism of information storage in neurons is believed to be determined by the strength of synaptic contacts . The strength of an excitatory synapse is partially due to the concentration of a particular type of ionotropic glutamate receptor ( AMPAR ) in the post-synaptic density ( PSD ) . AMPAR concentration in th...	One of the most accepted theories of information storage in neurons is that it is partially localized in the strength of synaptic contacts . Evidence suggests that at the cellular level , in combination with other cellular mechanisms , this is implemented by increasing or decreasing the concentration of a particular ty...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biophysics/cell", "signaling", "and", "trafficking", "structures", "neuroscience/theoretical", "neuroscience" ]	2010	Quantifying the Effects of Elastic Collisions and Non-Covalent Binding on Glutamate Receptor Trafficking in the Post-Synaptic Density
Short and dysfunctional telomeres are sufficient to induce a persistent DNA damage response at chromosome ends , which leads to the induction of senescence and/or apoptosis and to various age-related conditions , including a group of diseases known as “telomere syndromes” , which are provoked by extremely short telomer...	The ends of our chromosomes , or telomeres , shorten with age . When telomeres become critically short cells stop dividing and die . Shortened telomeres are associated with onset of age-associated diseases . Telomerase is a retrotranscriptase enzyme that is able to elongate telomeres by coping an associated RNA templat...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "chromosome", "structure", "and", "function", "gene", "therapy", "cancer", "treatment", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "oncology", "animal", "models", "telomeres", "dna", "damage", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organis...	2018	AAV9-mediated telomerase activation does not accelerate tumorigenesis in the context of oncogenic K-Ras-induced lung cancer
CD8+ T cell responses to Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) lytic cycle expressed antigens display a hierarchy of immunodominance , in which responses to epitopes of immediate-early ( IE ) and some early ( E ) antigens are more frequently observed than responses to epitopes of late ( L ) expressed antigens . It has been propos...	Epstein Barr Virus ( EBV ) , an oncogenic herpesvirus , infects and persists asymptomatically in the majority of humans . In immunocompetent individuals , EBV co-exists with its host as a lifelong infection in the face of strong anti-viral CD8+ T-cell responses . Evasion of this immune-response is presumed to be due in...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "major", "histocompatibility", "complex", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "clinical", "immunology", "host-pathogen", "interactions", "immunity", "antigen", "processing", "and", "recognition", "virology", "viral", "imm...	2014	Cooperation between Epstein-Barr Virus Immune Evasion Proteins Spreads Protection from CD8+ T Cell Recognition across All Three Phases of the Lytic Cycle
The diversity of viruses probably exceeds biodiversity of eukaryotes , but little is known about the origin and emergence of novel virus species . Experimentation and disease outbreak investigations have allowed the characterization of rapid molecular virus adaptation . However , the processes leading to the establishm...	Natural biodiversity is driven by stochastic processes and evolutionary adaptation to ecological niches . In viruses , adaptation to specific hosts may cause diversification and eventually lead to the emergence of novel viruses . Here , we studied diversity in Tula orthohantavirus ( TULV ) in relation to evolutionary d...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusion", "Methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "biogeography", "taxonomy", "organismal", "evolution", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "mitochondrial", "dna", "population", "genetics", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "animals", "mammals", "sequence", "assembly", "tools", "phyloge...	2019	Secondary contact between diverged host lineages entails ecological speciation in a European hantavirus
One of the major goals of comparative genomics is to understand the evolutionary history of each nucleotide in the human genome sequence , and the degree to which it is under selective pressure . Ascertainment of selective constraint at nucleotide resolution is particularly important for predicting the functional signi...	The structure of the human genome remains largely unknown , including which parts of the genome are functionally relevant and which parts are “junk . ” The availability of genomic sequence from a large number of mammals allows a more detailed exploration of this structure , using comparison of related sequences from di...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "homo", "(human)", "mammals", "computational", "biology" ]	2007	Analysis of Sequence Conservation at Nucleotide Resolution
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the majority of tuberculosis ( TB ) cases in humans; however , in developing countries , human TB caused by M . bovis may be frequent but undetected . Human TB caused by M . bovis is considered a zoonosis; transmission is mainly through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products , and...	Human tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis ( HTBMb ) is a lesser-known form of the disease . The main route of transmission of HTBMb is the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products , causing mostly extrapulmonary disease . M . bovis is naturally resistant to pyrazinamide , a drug that allows for a shorter trea...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Trends of Mycobacterium bovis Isolation and First-Line Anti-tuberculosis Drug Susceptibility Profile: A Fifteen-Year Laboratory-Based Surveillance
The mammalian circadian clock relies on the transcription factor CLOCK:BMAL1 to coordinate the rhythmic expression of 15% of the transcriptome and control the daily regulation of biological functions . The recent characterization of CLOCK:BMAL1 cistrome revealed that although CLOCK:BMAL1 binds synchronously to all of i...	Circadian clocks in mammals rely on the heterodimeric transcription factor CLOCK:BMAL1 to drive rhythmic gene expression and allow biological functions to perform best at the most appropriate time of the day . Investigation of the mechanisms by which CLOCK:BMAL1 regulates its target genes transcription has led to the p...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "gene", "regulation", "regulatory", "proteins", "dna-binding", "proteins", "dna", "transcription", "transcription", "factors", "dna", "epigenetics", "chromatin", "genomic", "signal", "processing", "transcriptional", "control", "chromosome", "biology", "proteins", "gene", ...	2018	Regulation of circadian clock transcriptional output by CLOCK:BMAL1
The Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 ( CNF1 ) is a protein toxin which is a major virulence factor of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains . Here , we identified the Lutheran ( Lu ) adhesion glycoprotein/basal cell adhesion molecule ( BCAM ) as cellular receptor for CNF1 by co-precipitation of cell surface molecules with ...	We study a crucial virulence factor produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli strains , the Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 ( CNF1 ) . More than 80% of urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) , which are counted among the most common bacterial infections of humans , are caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli ( UPEC ) strains ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "biology" ]	2014	Lu/BCAM Adhesion Glycoprotein Is a Receptor for Escherichia coli Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1)
Extensive electrophysiology studies have shown that many V1 simple cells have nonlinear response properties to stimuli within their classical receptive field ( CRF ) and receive contextual influence from stimuli outside the CRF modulating the cell's response . Models seeking to explain these non-classical receptive fie...	Simple cells in the primary visual cortex ( V1 ) demonstrate many response properties that are either nonlinear or involve response modulations ( i . e . , stimuli that do not cause a response in isolation alter the cell's response to other stimuli ) . These non-classical receptive field ( nCRF ) effects are generally ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Visual Nonclassical Receptive Field Effects Emerge from Sparse Coding in a Dynamical System
Functional-effective connectivity and network topology are nowadays key issues for studying brain physiological functions and pathologies . Inferring neuronal connectivity from electrophysiological recordings presents open challenges and unsolved problems . In this work , we present a cross-correlation based method for...	The balance between excitation and inhibition is fundamental for proper brain functions and for this reason is precisely regulated in adult cortices . Impaired excitation/inhibition balance is often associated with several neurological disorders , such as epilepsy , autism and schizophrenia . However , estimating funct...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "action", "potentials", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "neural", "networks", "applied", "mathematics", "membrane", "potential", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "algorithms", "mathematics", "network", "analysis", "membrane", ...	2018	Identification of excitatory-inhibitory links and network topology in large-scale neuronal assemblies from multi-electrode recordings
Neutrophils release extracellular traps ( NETs ) in response to planktonic C . albicans . These complexes composed of DNA , histones , and proteins inhibit Candida growth and dissemination . Considering the resilience of Candida biofilms to host defenses , we examined the neutrophil response to C . albicans during biof...	Candida spp . avidly adhere to medical device surfaces , forming resilient , drug-tolerant biofilms which are encased in a protective extracellular matrix . These infections are notoriously difficult to eradicate and little is known about how they evade host defenses . Here we show a mechanism by which C . albicans bio...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biofilms", "blood", "cells", "biotechnology", "fluorescence", "imaging", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "catheters", "microbiology", "fungi", "model", "organisms", "mi...	2016	The Extracellular Matrix of Candida albicans Biofilms Impairs Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite which infects nearly one third of the human population and is found in an extraordinary range of vertebrate hosts . Its epidemiology depends heavily on horizontal transmission , especially between rodents and its definitive host , the cat . Neospora caninum is a recent...	Coccidian parasites have a major impact on human and animal health world-wide and are among the most successful and widespread parasitic protozoa . They include Neospora caninum which is a leading cause of abortion in cattle and one of its nearest relatives , Toxoplasma gondii . Despite its close phylogenetic relations...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biochemistry", "veterinary", "diseases", "genomics", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "zoology", "evolutionary", "biology", "biology", "computational", "biology", "proteomics", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "veterinary", "science" ]	2012	Comparative Genomics of the Apicomplexan Parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum: Coccidia Differing in Host Range and Transmission Strategy
The poliovirus vaccine field is moving towards novel vaccination strategies . Withdrawal of the Oral Poliovirus Vaccine and implementation of the conventional Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine ( cIPV ) is imminent . Moreover , replacement of the virulent poliovirus strains currently used for cIPV with attenuated strains i...	The vaccines that are used to protect against poliovirus infection have been available since the 1950s and have brought the eradication of poliomyelitis to our doorstep . For the post-eradication era , an Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine ( IPV ) based on attenuated Sabin strains is recommended , as these strains are curr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "microbial", "mutation", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "viruses", "vaccines", "preventive", "medicine", "rna", "viruses", "vaccination", "and", "i...	2016	Cold-Adapted Viral Attenuation (CAVA): Highly Temperature Sensitive Polioviruses as Novel Vaccine Strains for a Next Generation Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine
How oncogenes modulate the self-renewal properties of cancer-initiating cells is incompletely understood . Activating KRAS and NRAS mutations are among the most common oncogenic lesions detected in human cancer , and occur in myeloproliferative disorders ( MPDs ) and leukemias . We investigated the effects of expressin...	Ras proteins act as molecular switches that relay growth signals from outside the cell . This mechanism is often subverted in cancer , and Ras proteins are activated directly by RAS gene mutations in approximately one-third of human malignancies . We have modeled this in mice engineered to have a Ras mutation . These m...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "oncology", "developmental", "biology", "oncology/myeloproliferative", "disorders,", "including", "chronic", "myeloid", "leukemia", "cell", "biology", "hematology" ]	2009	Oncogenic Kras Initiates Leukemia in Hematopoietic Stem Cells
The diversification of neoavian birds is one of the most rapid adaptive radiations of extant organisms . Recent whole-genome sequence analyses have much improved the resolution of the neoavian radiation and suggest concurrence with the Cretaceous-Paleogene ( K-Pg ) boundary , yet the causes of the remaining genome-leve...	The rise of modern birds began after the mass extinction of nonavian dinosaurs and archaic birds at the Cretaceous-Paleogene ( K-Pg ) boundary , about 66 million years ago . This coincides with the super-rapid adaptive radiation of Neoaves ( a group that contains most modern birds ) , which has been difficult to resolv...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	The Dynamics of Incomplete Lineage Sorting across the Ancient Adaptive Radiation of Neoavian Birds
The vacuolating cytotoxin ( VacA ) of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori binds and enters epithelial cells , ultimately resulting in cellular vacuolation . Several host factors have been reported to be important for VacA function , but none of these have been demonstrated to be essential for toxin binding to the ...	Sensitivity to toxins produced by pathogenic bacteria is largely dictated by the presence or absence of toxin receptors on the plasma membrane of host cells . VacA is an important toxin produced by the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori , which infects the human stomach and causes gastric ulcer disease and stomac...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "microbiology/cellular", "microbiology", "and", "pathogenesis" ]	2008	Sphingomyelin Functions as a Novel Receptor for Helicobacter pylori VacA
All pancreatic endocrine cell types arise from a common endocrine precursor cell population , yet the molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain the unique gene expression programs of each endocrine cell lineage have remained largely elusive . Such knowledge would improve our ability to correctly program or repro...	Diabetes is a disease caused by the loss or dysfunction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas . Recent studies suggest that modification of the beta cells' differentiation state is among the earliest events marking the progressive failure of beta cells in diabetes . Currently , very little is known about the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "cell", "fate", "determination", "gene", "regulation", "genetics", "molecular", "genetics", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "cell", "differentiation", "gene", "function" ]	2013	Nkx6.1 Controls a Gene Regulatory Network Required for Establishing and Maintaining Pancreatic Beta Cell Identity
Yellow fever virus ( YFV ) is a member of the Flaviviridae family . In Brazil , yellow fever ( YF ) cases have increased dramatically in sylvatic areas neighboring urban zones in the last few years . Because of the high lethality rates associated with infection and absence of any antiviral treatments , it is essential ...	Yellow fever virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and its infection may be asymptomatic or lead to a wide clinical spectrum ranging from a mild febrile illness to a potentially lethal viral hemorrhagic fever characterized by liver damage . Although a yellow fever vaccine is available , low coverage allows 80 , 000–200 , ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "flow", "cytometry", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "biological", "cultures", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "dna-binding", "proteins", "hepatoma", "cells", "vaccines", "animal", "models", ...	2019	Yellow fever virus is susceptible to sofosbuvir both in vitro and in vivo
Cap Analysis of Gene Expression ( CAGE ) in combination with single-molecule sequencing technology allows precision mapping of transcription start sites ( TSSs ) and genome-wide capture of promoter activities in differentiated and steady state cell populations . Much less is known about whether TSS profiling can charac...	Early development cannot be studied in humans . Analysis of embryogenesis using avian models , which are phylogenetically closely related to mammals , can help us understand the complex regulatory mechanism of cell lineage specification during human development . We monitored the 3 weeks of chicken embryonic developmen...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "discussion", "Conclusions", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "methods", "and", "resources", "vertebrates", "chickens", "animals", "dna", "transcription", "developmental", "biology", "sequence", "motif", "analysis", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "embryos", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "sequence", "analysis", "...	2017	Systematic analysis of transcription start sites in avian development
Dengue is a febrile illness transmitted by mosquitoes , causing disease across the tropical and sub-tropical world . Antibody prevalence data and serotype distributions describe population-level risk and inform public health decision-making . In this cross-sectional study we used data from a pediatric dengue seropreval...	Dengue is a febrile illness transmitted by mosquitoes , causing disease across the tropical and sub-tropical world . Antibody prevalence data and serotype distribution describe population-level risk and inform public health decision-making . We present data from a dengue seroprevalence study in children in Indonesia; c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "dengue", "virus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "physiology", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "tropical", "diseases", "indonesia", ...	2018	Dengue virus serotype distribution based on serological evidence in pediatric urban population in Indonesia
Burkholderia pseudomallei is an environmental Gram-negative bacillus and the cause of melioidosis . B . thailandensis , some strains of which express a B . pseudomallei-like capsular polysaccharide ( BTCV ) , is also commonly found in the environment in Southeast Asia but is considered non-pathogenic . The aim of the s...	Burkholderia thailandensis is a non-pathogenic soil-dwelling bacterium and is genetically closely related to Burkholderia pseudomallei , the cause of melioidosis . In mouse models , inoculation of a variant of B . thailandensis which express a B . pseudomallei-like capsular polysaccharide ( BTCV ) induces antibodies an...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "burkholderia", "pseudomallei", "melioidosis", "pathogens", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "animal", "models", "bacterial", "diseases", "rice", "physicochemical", "propertie...	2018	Presence of B. thailandensis and B. thailandensis expressing B. pseudomallei-like capsular polysaccharide in Thailand, and their associations with serological response to B. pseudomallei
Chagas disease is one of the most important public health problems and a leading cause of cardiac failure in Latin America . The currently available drugs to treat T . cruzi infection ( benznidazole and nifurtimox ) are effective in humans when administered during months . AmBisome ( liposomal amphotericin B ) , alread...	Chagas disease is a leading cause of cardiac failure and the most important parasitic disease in terms of morbidity and mortality in Latin America . After an acute parasitaemic phase , infection naturally evolves to a long chronic phase . If the currently available trypanocidal drugs , benznidazole and nifurtimox , are...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "animal", "models", "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "model", "organisms", "parasitic", "diseases", "chagas", "disease", "biology", "microbiology", "host-pathogen", "interaction", "mouse", "infectious", "disease", "control", "quantitative", "parasitology", "parasitolog...	2011	Parasitic Loads in Tissues of Mice Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and Treated with AmBisome
Immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) is an essential plasma-derived medicine that is lacking in developing countries . IgG shortages leave immunodeficient patients without treatment , exposing them to devastating recurrent infections from local pathogens . A simple and practical method for producing IgG from normal or convalescent...	Plasma-derived immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) is on WHO’s Essential Medicines List , yet developing countries face severe shortages of this critical treatment . Infusion of IgG prepared from locally-collected plasma provides an advantageous mix of antibodies to viral and bacterial pathogens found in the living environment , ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Minipool Caprylic Acid Fractionation of Plasma Using Disposable Equipment: A Practical Method to Enhance Immunoglobulin Supply in Developing Countries
Visual neuroscientists have discovered fundamental properties of neural representation through careful analysis of responses to controlled stimuli . Typically , different properties are studied and modeled separately . To integrate our knowledge , it is necessary to build general models that begin with an input image a...	Much has been learned about how stimuli are represented in the visual system from measuring responses to carefully designed stimuli . Typically , different studies focus on different types of stimuli . Making sense of the large array of findings requires integrated models that explain responses to a wide range of stimu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "visual", "system", "fmri", "computational", "neuroscience", "sensory", "systems", "biology", "computational", "biology", "neuroscience", "neuroimaging", "coding", "mechanisms" ]	2013	A Two-Stage Cascade Model of BOLD Responses in Human Visual Cortex
Niemann-Pick Protein C2 ( npc2 ) is a small soluble protein critical for cholesterol transport within and from the lysosome and the late endosome . Intriguingly , npc2-mediated cholesterol transport has been shown to be modulated by lipids , yet the molecular mechanism of npc2-membrane interactions has remained elusive...	Cholesterol plays essential structural and functional roles in all vertebrate cells . Abnormalities in cholesterol metabolism are associated with severe and wide-spread diseases . Cholesterol efflux is one of the essential steps in its metabolism and is mediated by Niemann-Pick Protein C2 ( npc2 ) in endosomes and lyso...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "lysosomes", "membrane", "potential", "sorption", "electrophysiology", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "thermodynamics", "physical", "chemistry", "lipids", "membrane", "composition", "chemistry", "cell", "membranes", ...	2017	Concerted regulation of npc2 binding to endosomal/lysosomal membranes by bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and sphingomyelin
Phenotypic diversity is considered beneficial to the evolution of contingent cooperation , in which cooperators channel their help preferentially towards others of similar phenotypes . However , it remains largely unclear how phenotypic variation arises in the first place and thus leads to the construction of phenotypi...	Phenotypic variation is commonly observed from human cells to the intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to the wrinkly-spreader morphs . Such phenotypic diversity proves effective in promoting cooperation , or confers survival advantage against unfavorable environmental changes . Prior studies sho...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "population", "dynamics", "applied", "mathematics", "pathogens", "microbiology", "mathematical", "models", "bacterial", "diseases", "mathematics", "algebra", "enterobacteriaceae", "popula...	2017	Coevolutionary dynamics of phenotypic diversity and contingent cooperation
Pneumonic plague is a highly virulent infectious disease with 100% mortality rate , and its causative organism Yersinia pestis poses a serious threat for deliberate use as a bioterror agent . Currently , there is no FDA approved vaccine against plague . The polymeric bacterial capsular protein F1 , a key component of t...	Plague caused by Yersinia pestis is a deadly disease that wiped out one-third of Europe's population in the 14th century . The organism is listed by the CDC as Tier-1 biothreat agent , and currently , there is no FDA-approved vaccine against this pathogen . Stockpiling of an efficacious plague vaccine that could protec...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "biology" ]	2013	Mutated and Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticle Arrayed F1-V Immunogens from Yersinia pestis as Next Generation Plague Vaccines

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