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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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The Drosophila Nonspecific Lethal ( NSL ) complex is a major transcriptional regulator of housekeeping genes . It contains at least seven subunits that are conserved in the human KANSL complex: Nsl1/Wah ( KANSL1 ) , Dgt1/Nsl2 ( KANSL2 ) , Rcd1/Nsl3 ( KANSL3 ) , Rcd5 ( MCRS1 ) , MBD-R2 ( PHF20 ) , Wds ( WDR5 ) and Mof (... | The Drosophila Nonspecific Lethal ( NSL ) complex is a conserved protein assembly that controls transcription of more than 4 , 000 housekeeping genes . We analyzed the mitotic functions of four genes , Rcd1 , Rcd5 , MBD-R2 and wds , encoding NSL subunits . Inactivation of these genes by RNA interference ( RNAi ) result... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"centrosomes",
"rna",
"interference",
"metaphase",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"animals",
"dna",
"transcription",
"animal",
"models",
"mitosis",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"or... | 2019 | RNAi-mediated depletion of the NSL complex subunits leads to abnormal chromosome segregation and defective centrosome duplication in Drosophila mitosis |
We have investigated the underlying mechanism by which direct cell–cell contact enhances the efficiency of cell-to-cell transmission of retroviruses . Applying 4D imaging to a model retrovirus , the murine leukemia virus , we directly monitor and quantify sequential assembly , release , and transmission events for indi... | Retroviruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus are known to spread much more efficiently under conditions of direct cell–cell contact as compared to cell-free conditions . How cell–cell contact stimulates virus spreading is poorly understood . In this study , we apply four-dimensional imaging ( 3D space over tim... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virion",
"structure,",
"assembly,",
"and",
"egress",
"cell",
"biology",
"virology",
"microbiology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | Assembly of the Murine Leukemia Virus Is Directed towards Sites of Cell–Cell Contact |
The indigenous people of the Tibetan Plateau have been the subject of much recent interest because of their unique genetic adaptations to high altitude . Recent studies have demonstrated that the Tibetan EPAS1 haplotype is involved in high altitude-adaptation and originated in an archaic Denisovan-related population . ... | The Tibetan population has been residing on high plateau for thousands of years and developed unique adaptation to the local environment . To investigate the demographic history of Tibetans and search for possible adaptive genetic variants , we performed whole-genome sequencing of 27 Tibetan individuals . We found evid... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"han",
"chinese",
"demography",
"population",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"ethnicities",
"population",
"biology",
"tibetan",
"people",
"introgression",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"people",
"and",
"places",
"haplotypes",
"heredity",
"evolutionary",
"processes",
"gene... | 2017 | Evolutionary history of Tibetans inferred from whole-genome sequencing |
In the primary visual cortex of primates and carnivores , functional architecture can be characterized by maps of various stimulus features such as orientation preference ( OP ) , ocular dominance ( OD ) , and spatial frequency . It is a long-standing question in theoretical neuroscience whether the observed maps shoul... | Neurons in the visual cortex form spatial representations or maps of several stimulus features . How are different spatial representations of visual information coordinated in the brain ? In this paper , we study the hypothesis that the coordinated organization of several visual cortical maps can be explained by joint ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"general",
"physics",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"interdisciplinary",
"physics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"sensory",
"systems"
] | 2012 | Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps (I) Symmetry-based Analysis |
The factors that determine the characteristic seasonality of influenza remain enigmatic . Current models predict that occurrences of influenza outside the normal surveillance season within a temperate region largely reflect the importation of viruses from the alternate hemisphere or from equatorial regions in Asia . To... | Human influenza virus commonly causes disease in the winter months of temperate countries , but exhibits more complex patterns in tropical localities . Most studies of this complex seasonality have only considered viruses sampled within the “normal” influenza season . To help reveal the drivers of influenza seasonality... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Inter-Seasonal Influenza is Characterized by Extended Virus Transmission and Persistence |
The Escherichia coli transcription system is the best characterized from a biochemical and genetic point of view and has served as a model system . Nevertheless , a molecular understanding of the details of E . coli transcription and its regulation , and therefore its full exploitation as a model system , has been hamp... | Transcription , or the synthesis of RNA from DNA , is one of the most important processes in the cell . The central enzyme of transcription is the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase ( RNAP ) , a large , macromolecular assembly consisting of at least five subunits . Historically , much of our fundamental information on the pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biophysics/transcription",
"and",
"translation",
"biophysics/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines"
] | 2010 | Complete Structural Model of Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase from a Hybrid Approach |
Vulval development in Caenorhabditis elegans serves as an excellent model to examine the crosstalk between different conserved signaling pathways that are deregulated in human cancer . The concerted action of the RAS/MAPK , NOTCH , and WNT pathways determines an invariant pattern of cell fates in three vulval precursor... | The human tumor suppressor PTEN is mutated in many different types of cancer . Using the roundworm C . elegans as a model to study how cells communicate during animal development , we discovered a new mechanism by which PTEN inhibits the activity of the oncogenic RAS/MAPK signaling pathway . Focusing on the development... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"gene",
"networks",
"animal",
"genetics",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"gene",
"function",
"animal",
"models",
"oncology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"development",
... | 2012 | PTEN Negatively Regulates MAPK Signaling during Caenorhabditis elegans Vulval Development |
A significant percentage of young men are infertile and , for the majority , the underlying cause remains unknown . Male infertility is , however , frequently associated with defective sperm motility , wherein the sperm tail is a modified flagella/cilia . Conversely , a greater understanding of essential mechanisms inv... | A greater understanding of the mechanism of male fertility is essential in order to address the medical needs of the 1 in 20 men of reproductive age who are infertile . Conversely , there remains a critical need for additional contraceptive options , including those that target male gametes . Towards the aim of filling... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"urology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"respiratory",
"medicine",
"pulmonology"
] | 2012 | RAB-Like 2 Has an Essential Role in Male Fertility, Sperm Intra-Flagellar Transport, and Tail Assembly |
Centrosome amplification ( CA ) is a common feature of human tumours and a promising target for cancer therapy . However , CA’s pan-cancer prevalence , molecular role in tumourigenesis and therapeutic value in the clinical setting are still largely unexplored . Here , we used a transcriptomic signature ( CA20 ) to char... | Centrosome amplification , i . e . an increased number of centrosomes—structures that exist inside cells , is a hallmark of cancer cells and therefore an Achilles' heel for the development of innovative therapies that specifically target tumour cells , sparing healthy ones . To exploit centrosome amplification’s clinic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cancer",
"genomics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"squamous",
"cell",
"lung",
"carcinoma",
"genetic",
"networks",
"statistics",
"carcinomas",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"oncology",
"regression",
"anal... | 2019 | Pan-cancer association of a centrosome amplification gene expression signature with genomic alterations and clinical outcome |
How stable synchrony in neuronal networks is sustained in the presence of conduction delays is an open question . The Dynamic Clamp was used to measure phase resetting curves ( PRCs ) for entorhinal cortical cells , and then to construct networks of two such neurons . PRCs were in general Type I ( all advances or all d... | Individual oscillators , such as pendulum-based clocks and fireflies , can spontaneously organize into a coherent , synchronized entity with a common frequency . Neurons can oscillate under some circumstances , and can synchronize their firing both within and across brain regions . Synchronized assemblies of neurons ar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Short Conduction Delays Cause Inhibition Rather than Excitation to Favor Synchrony in Hybrid Neuronal Networks of the Entorhinal Cortex |
Dog rabies annually causes 24 , 000–70 , 000 deaths globally . We built a spreadsheet tool , RabiesEcon , to aid public health officials to estimate the cost-effectiveness of dog rabies vaccination programs in East Africa . RabiesEcon uses a mathematical model of dog-dog and dog-human rabies transmission to estimate do... | Dog rabies causes , globally , approximately 55 , 000 human deaths per year . Mass vaccination programs can control dog rabies . We built a spreadsheet-based tool , RabiesEcon , to aid public health officials in planning large-scale dog rabies vaccination programs . We used RabiesEcon to estimate the cost-effectiveness... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cost-effectiveness",
"analysis",
"economic",
"analysis",
"post-exposure",
"prophylaxis",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"dogs",
"animals",
"mammals",
"vaccines... | 2018 | Cost-effectiveness of dog rabies vaccination programs in East Africa |
Network models are routinely downscaled compared to nature in terms of numbers of nodes or edges because of a lack of computational resources , often without explicit mention of the limitations this entails . While reliable methods have long existed to adjust parameters such that the first-order statistics of network d... | Neural networks have two basic components: their structural elements ( neurons and synapses ) , and the dynamics of these constituents . The so-called effective connectivity combines both components to yield a measure of the actual influence of physical connections . Previous work showed effective connectivity to deter... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Scalability of Asynchronous Networks Is Limited by One-to-One Mapping between Effective Connectivity and Correlations |
Although the family of genes encoding for olfactory receptors was identified more than 15 years ago , the difficulty of functionally expressing these receptors in an heterologous system has , with only some exceptions , rendered the receptive range of given olfactory receptors largely unknown . Furthermore , even when ... | A key goal in biology is to identify specific ligands for specific receptors . One example is where the ligand is a drug . In turn , in the olfactory system the ligand is the odorant that binds to olfactory receptors . There are many olfactory receptor types , and which odorants will activate which receptors remains la... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"none",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Predicting the Receptive Range of Olfactory Receptors |
Where human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) patients are seen , failure to microscopically diagnose infections by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in blood smears and/or cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) in the critical early stages of the disease is the single most important factor in treatment failure , a result of delayed tre... | Human African trypanosomiasis is a fatal disease ( if untreated ) spread by bloodsucking tsetse flies . These protozoan parasites first enter the lymph and blood to invade many organ systems ( early stage sleeping sickness ) . Weeks to months later , the parasites invade the brain causing a wide variety of neurological... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"nervous",
"system",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"saliva",
"protozoans",
"materials",
"science",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
... | 2019 | Using detergent-enhanced LAMP for African trypanosome detection in human cerebrospinal fluid and implications for disease staging |
Mechanically gated ion channels convert sound into an electrical signal for the sense of hearing . In Drosophila melanogaster , several transient receptor potential ( TRP ) channels have been implicated to be involved in this process . TRPN ( NompC ) and TRPV ( Inactive ) channels are localized in the distal and proxim... | Tubby is a member of the Tubby-like protein ( TULP ) family . Tubby mutations in mice ( tubby mice ) cause late-onset obesity and neurosensory deficits such as retinal degeneration and hearing loss . However , the exact molecular mechanism of Tubby has not been determined . Here we show that Drosophila Tubby homolog , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | dTULP, the Drosophila melanogaster Homolog of Tubby, Regulates Transient Receptor Potential Channel Localization in Cilia |
A major component of ex vivo amyloid plaques of patients with dialysis-related amyloidosis ( DRA ) is a cleaved variant of β2-microglobulin ( ΔN6 ) lacking the first six N-terminal residues . Here we perform a computational study on ΔN6 , which provides clues to understand the amyloidogenicity of the full-length β2-mic... | Dialysis-related amyloidosis ( DRA ) is a conformational disease that affects individuals undergoing long-term haemodialysis . In DRA the progressive accumulation of protein human β2-microglobulin ( Hβ2m ) in the osteoarticular system , followed by its assembly into amyloid fibrils , eventually leads to tissue erosion ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"physical",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | A Simulated Intermediate State for Folding and Aggregation Provides Insights into ΔN6 β2-Microglobulin Amyloidogenic Behavior |
Mosquito-borne viruses—such as Zika , chikungunya , dengue fever , and yellow fever , among others—are of global importance . Although vaccine development for prevention of mosquito-borne arbovirus infections has been a focus , mitigation strategies continue to rely on vector control . However , vector control has fail... | International public health workers are challenged by the burden of arthropod-borne viral diseases , to include mosquito-borne arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and A . albopictus due in part to lack of sustainable vector control and insecticide resistance ( IR ) , as well as the inability to scale up and sustai... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Rationale",
"for",
"developing",
"alternative",
"strategies",
"Outlook",
"on",
"alternative",
"strategy",
"development",
"Alternative",
"strategies",
"Considerations",
"for",
"introducing",
"alternative",
"strategies",
"Knowledge",
"base",
"on",... | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animals",
"wolbachia",
"viruses",
"review",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"insect",
"vectors",
"bacteria",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"agrochemicals",
"aedes",
"aegypti",
"arboviral",
"infections",
"disease",... | 2019 | Alternative strategies for mosquito-borne arbovirus control |
Gli3 is a major regulator of Hedgehog signaling during limb development . In the anterior mesenchyme , GLI3 is proteolytically processed into GLI3R , a truncated repressor form that inhibits Hedgehog signaling . Although numerous studies have identified mechanisms that regulate Gli3 function in vitro , it is not comple... | Gli3 is a major regulator of Hedgehog signaling in the limb , where Gli3 counteracts Sonic hedgehog ( Shh ) for patterning and proliferative expansion of limb progenitor cells . In the anterior limb mesenchyme , GLI3 is proteolytically processed into GLI3R , a truncated repressor form that inhibits Hedgehog signaling .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"regulation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"regulator",
"genes",
"organism",
"development",
"gene",
"types",
"embryos",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"limb",
"development",
"embryology",
"limb",
"buds",
"gene",
"expression",
"organogenesis",
"sub... | 2016 | Gata6-Dependent GLI3 Repressor Function is Essential in Anterior Limb Progenitor Cells for Proper Limb Development |
The thalamus , a crucial regulator of cortical functions , is composed of many nuclei arranged in a spatially complex pattern . Thalamic neurogenesis occurs over a short period during mammalian embryonic development . These features have hampered the effort to understand how regionalization , cell divisions , and fate ... | The thalamus—a brain structure commonly associated with relaying sensory information between cortex and other regions—is organized into many cell clusters called nuclei . Each thalamic nucleus is populated by neurons with distinct patterns of gene expression and connections to other brain regions and plays a distinct r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurogenesis",
"cell",
"division",
"analysis",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"brain",
"cloning",
"neuroscience",
"stem",
"cells",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"molecular",... | 2018 | In vivo clonal analysis reveals spatiotemporal regulation of thalamic nucleogenesis |
Acute effects of sex steroid hormones likely contribute to the observation that post-pubescent males have shorter QT intervals than females . However , the specific role for hormones in modulating cardiac electrophysiological parameters and arrhythmia vulnerability is unclear . Here we use a computational modeling appr... | It is well known that female gender is an independent risk factor for some types of cardiac arrhythmias . However , it has been difficult to determine how much of a role physiological concentrations of circulating sex steroid hormones play in gender linked arrhythmia susceptibility because the cardiac system is so extr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/arrhythmias,",
"electrophysiology,",
"and",
"pacing",
"physiology/cardiovascular",
"physiology",
"and",
"circulation",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/cardiovascular",
"diseases",
"in",
"women"
] | 2010 | Acute Effects of Sex Steroid Hormones on Susceptibility to Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Simulation Study |
Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) is closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) , a human malignancy notorious for its highly metastatic nature . Among EBV-encoded genes , latent membrane protein 1 ( LMP1 ) is expressed in most NPC tissues and exerts oncogenicity by engaging multiple signaling pathways in a liga... | Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) is closely associated with human malignancies , including nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) . Among EBV-expressed genes , latent membrane protein 1 ( LMP1 ) has been detected in most NPC tissues and has the ability to transform cell growth and drive cell migration , both of which are highly as... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"proteomics"
] | 2012 | Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded LMP1 Interacts with FGD4 to Activate Cdc42 and Thereby Promote Migration of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells |
This work introduces a number of algebraic topology approaches , including multi-component persistent homology , multi-level persistent homology , and electrostatic persistence for the representation , characterization , and description of small molecules and biomolecular complexes . In contrast to the conventional per... | Conventional persistent homology neglects chemical and biological information during the topological abstraction and thus has limited representational power for complex chemical and biological systems . In terms of methodological development , we introduce advanced persistent homology approaches for the characterizatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"machine",
"learning",
"algorithms",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"neural",
"networks",
"small",
"molecules",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"electricity",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"electrostatics",
"math... | 2018 | Representability of algebraic topology for biomolecules in machine learning based scoring and virtual screening |
The evidence for the existence of genetic susceptibility variants for the common form of hypertension ( “essential hypertension” ) remains weak and inconsistent . We sought genetic variants underlying blood pressure ( BP ) by conducting a genome-wide association study ( GWAS ) among African Americans , a population gro... | Despite intense research , the genetic risk factors for essential hypertension and blood pressure ( BP ) regulation have not been identified with consistency . We conducted a genome wide association scan using over 800 , 000 genetic markers in an African American sample of 1 , 017 adults in the Washington , D . C . , a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/hypertension",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits"
] | 2009 | A Genome-Wide Association Study of Hypertension and Blood Pressure in African Americans |
Many protein-coding genes identified by genome sequencing remain without functional annotation or biological context . Here we define a novel protein-coding gene , Nmf9 , based on a forward genetic screen for neurological function . ENU-induced and genome-edited null mutations in mice produce deficits in vestibular fun... | Genome sequencing projects have identified large numbers of genes that encode proteins of unknown function . Many of these genes show strong evolutionary conservation , predicting important and well-conserved functions . A fraction of these show strong conservation of core domains but dynamic changes in other domains ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Nmf9 Encodes a Highly Conserved Protein Important to Neurological Function in Mice and Flies |
Pathogen genome sequencing can reveal details of transmission histories and is a powerful tool in the fight against infectious disease . In particular , within-host pathogen genomic variants identified through heterozygous nucleotide base calls are a potential source of information to identify linked cases and infer di... | We present a new tool to reconstruct transmission events within outbreaks . Our approach makes use of pathogen genetic information , notably genetic variants at low frequency within host that are usually discarded , and combines it with epidemiological information of host exposure to infection . This leads to accurate ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"... | 2018 | Bayesian reconstruction of transmission within outbreaks using genomic variants |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P . aeruginosa ) is an opportunistic pathogen chronically infecting the lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) , pneumonia , cystic fibrosis ( CF ) , and bronchiectasis . Cif ( PA2934 ) , a bacterial toxin secreted in outer membrane vesicles ( OMV ) by P . aerugin... | In this manuscript , we present a detailed mechanistic study of how a secreted P . aeruginosa virulence factor disrupts mucociliary clearance in the lung by inactivating a host cell deubiquitinating enzyme ( USP10 ) , thereby facilitating the degradation of the CFTR secretory chloride channel , which reduces mucociliar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/nosocomial",
"and",
"healthcare-associated",
"infections",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"respiratory",
"medicine/respiratory",
"infections",
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"infectious",
"diseases/respiratory",
"infections",
... | 2011 | A Pseudomonas aeruginosa Toxin that Hijacks the Host Ubiquitin Proteolytic System |
Human breast cancer has been characterized by extensive transcriptional heterogeneity , with dominant patterns reflected in the intrinsic subtypes . Mouse models of breast cancer also have heterogeneous transcriptomes and we noted that specific histological subtypes were associated with particular subsets . We hypothes... | We developed predictive gene signatures that identify specific histological mouse mammary tumor subtypes with high fidelity to expert pathologist classifications . As a result , these signatures are a powerful tool for classification , particularly in cases of intratumor heterogeneity; where confounding results arise f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"oncology",
"animal",
"models",
"histology",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiologica... | 2018 | Histological subtypes of mouse mammary tumors reveal conserved relationships to human cancers |
Discovery in developmental biology is often driven by intuition that relies on the integration of multiple types of data such as fluorescent images , phenotypes , and the outcomes of biochemical assays . Mathematical modeling helps elucidate the biological mechanisms at play as the networks become increasingly large an... | We developed a process to quantitatively fit mathematical models using qualitative data , and applied it in the study of how stem cells are regulated in the fruit fly ovary . The available published data we collected are fluorescent images of protein and mRNA expression from genetic experiments . Despite lacking quanti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"bioengineering",
"systems",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"signal",
"transduction",
"biological",
"systems",
"engineering",
"developmental",
"signaling",
"stem",
"cells",
"stem",
"cell",
"niche",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biolo... | 2014 | Model-Based Analysis for Qualitative Data: An Application in Drosophila Germline Stem Cell Regulation |
The burden of typhoid in sub-Saharan African ( SSA ) countries has been difficult to estimate , in part , due to suboptimal laboratory diagnostics . However , surveillance blood cultures at two sites in Nigeria have identified typhoid associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S . Typhi ) as an important cause... | Typhoid fever , a serious bloodstream infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi , is a major cause of disease and death around the world . There have been limited data on the epidemiology of typhoid in many countries in sub-Saharan African , including Nigeria . Recent evidence , however , showed that typhoid w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"salmonella",
"typhi",
"animals",
"mammals",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"enterobacteriaceae",
"global",
"health",
... | 2016 | Molecular Surveillance Identifies Multiple Transmissions of Typhoid in West Africa |
Interorgan lipid transport occurs via lipoproteins , and altered lipoprotein levels correlate with metabolic disease . However , precisely how lipoproteins affect tissue lipid composition has not been comprehensively analyzed . Here , we identify the major lipoproteins of Drosophila melanogaster and use genetics and ma... | Lipoproteins transport both dietary and endogenously synthesized lipids between different organs . Lipoprotein dysfunction is associated with many medical disorders , including cardiovascular disease , but the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis are unclear . Simple animal models would be valuable , therefore , to under... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"lipoprotein",
"metabolism",
"animal",
"genetics",
"gene",
"function",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"lipid",
"classes",
"lipid",
"metabolism",
"tissue",
"distribution",
"lipids",
"proteins",
"lipoproteins",
"biology",
"biochemist... | 2012 | Lipoproteins in Drosophila melanogaster—Assembly, Function, and Influence on Tissue Lipid Composition |
Young children who contract Ebola Virus Disease ( EVD ) have a high case fatality rate , but their sources of infection and the role of breastfeeding are unclear . Household members of EVD survivors from the Kerry Town Ebola Treatment Centre in Sierra Leone were interviewed four to 10 months after discharge to establis... | Our study is the first to quantify sources of infection and describe risk of transmission of Ebola to young children . We found that the risk of a child under three developing Ebola disease was low unless their mother had EVD , and that the risk was particularly high if their mother died of EVD . But we found no additi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neonatology",
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"maternal",
"health",
"vomiting",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"ebola",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"pediatrics",
"vir... | 2016 | Effects of Mother’s Illness and Breastfeeding on Risk of Ebola Virus Disease in a Cohort of Very Young Children |
Twilight is characterised by changes in both quantity ( “irradiance” ) and quality ( “colour” ) of light . Animals use the variation in irradiance to adjust their internal circadian clocks , aligning their behaviour and physiology with the solar cycle . However , it is currently unknown whether changes in colour also c... | Animals use an internal brain clock to keep track of time and adjust their behaviour in anticipation of the coming day or night . To be useful , however , this clock must be synchronised to external time . Assessing external time is typically thought to rely on measuring large changes in ambient light intensity that oc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Colour As a Signal for Entraining the Mammalian Circadian Clock |
Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) commences with binding of the envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) to the receptor CD4 , and one of two coreceptors , CXCR4 or CCR5 . Env-mediated signaling through coreceptor results in Gαq-mediated Rac activation and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements necessary for fusio... | Patients infected with HIV-1 are currently treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) that efficiently suppresses the virus but does not cure the infection . HIV-1 envelope activates Rac-mediated actin cytoskeleton rearrangements in the target cell that promote membrane fusion and entry . We discovered... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"and",
"cell",
"entry",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/antivirals,",
"including",
"modes",
"of",
"action",
"and",
"resistance",
"virology"
] | 2010 | Role of Abl Kinase and the Wave2 Signaling Complex in HIV-1 Entry at a Post-Hemifusion Step |
Nematodes of the genus Caenorhabditis enter a developmental diapause state after hatching in the absence of food . To better understand the relative contributions of distinct regulatory modalities to gene expression changes associated with this developmental transition , we characterized genome-wide changes in mRNA abu... | Working with a set of four related animal species , we have studied a conserved developmental and metabolic transition at the level of protein production and regulation of RNA levels . Strikingly , regulatory effects at the level of RNA accumulation and protein synthesis act together to achieve the observed metabolic s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Conserved Translatome Remodeling in Nematode Species Executing a Shared Developmental Transition |
Protein C inhibitor ( PCI ) is a heparin-binding serine proteinase inhibitor belonging to the family of serpin proteins . Here we describe that PCI exerts broad antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens . This ability is mediated by the interaction of PCI with lipid membranes , which subsequently leads to thei... | The innate immune system is an integral part of our battle against an invading pathogen . Antimicrobial peptides and proteins partake in this fight due to their ability to perforate the bacterial cell wall , which eventually will cause the efflux of bacterial cytosolic content and efficient bacterial killing . Protein ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/antimicrobials",
"and",
... | 2009 | Protein C Inhibitor—A Novel Antimicrobial Agent |
Drosophila melanogaster head development represents a valuable process to study the developmental control of various organs , such as the antennae , the dorsal ocelli and the compound eyes from a common precursor , the eye-antennal imaginal disc . While the gene regulatory network underlying compound eye development ha... | The development of different cell types must be tightly coordinated , and the eye-antennal imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster represent an excellent model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying this coordination . These imaginal discs contain the anlagen of nearly all adult head structures , such as the an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nervous",
"system",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"blood-brain",
"barrier",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"departures",
"from",
"diploidy",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster... | 2018 | Dynamic genome wide expression profiling of Drosophila head development reveals a novel role of Hunchback in retinal glia cell development and blood-brain barrier integrity |
Both NK cells and CTLs kill virus-infected and tumor cells . However , the ways by which these killer cells recognize the infected or the tumorigenic cells are different , in fact almost opposite . CTLs are activated through the interaction of the TCR with MHC class I proteins . In contrast , NK cells are inhibited by ... | Approximately 20% of all humans are latently and asymptomatically infected with HSV-2 . This suggests that the virus developed mechanisms to avoid immune cell detection; many of which are still unknown . Infected cells are killed mainly by two lymphocyte populations; NK cells and CTLs that belong to the innate and the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"biology"
] | 2013 | HSV-2 Specifically Down Regulates HLA-C Expression to Render HSV-2-Infected DCs Susceptible to NK Cell Killing |
Plasmodium falciparum is a highly lethal malaria parasite of humans . A major portion of its life cycle is dedicated to invading and multiplying inside erythrocytes . The molecular mechanisms of erythrocyte invasion are incompletely understood . P . falciparum depends heavily on sialic acid present on glycophorins to i... | Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a blood parasite that lives for the most part inside red cells . It is responsible for the death of 1-2 million people every year . The mechanisms by which the parasite invades red cells are complex and not completely understood . For many years it has been known that proteins called gl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2010 | Complement Receptor 1 Is a Sialic Acid-Independent Erythrocyte Receptor of Plasmodium falciparum |
Epistatic genetic interactions are key for understanding the genetic contribution to complex traits . Epistasis is always defined with respect to some trait such as growth rate or fitness . Whereas most existing epistasis screens explicitly test for a trait , it is also possible to implicitly test for fitness traits by... | Elucidating non-additive ( epistatic ) interactions between genes is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms of complex diseases . Even though high-throughput , systematic testing of genetic interactions is possible in simple model organisms , such screens have so far not been successful in mammals . Here , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Systematic Detection of Epistatic Interactions Based on Allele Pair Frequencies |
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of endovascular infections . This bacterial pathogen uses a diverse array of surface adhesins to clump in blood and adhere to vessel walls , leading to endothelial damage , development of intravascular vegetations and secondary infectious foci , and overall disease progression .... | Adhesion is central to the success of Staphylococcus aureus as a bacterial pathogen . We describe a novel mechanism through which S . aureus alters adhesion to ligands by regulating expression of giant inhibitory surface proteins . These giant proteins shield normal surface adhesins , preventing binding to ligands comm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"fibrinogen",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"collagens",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"dna",
"construction",
"molecular",
"bio... | 2019 | Staphylococcus aureus adhesion in endovascular infections is controlled by the ArlRS–MgrA signaling cascade |
Motor learning has been extensively studied using dynamic ( force-field ) perturbations . These induce movement errors that result in adaptive changes to the motor commands . Several state-space models have been developed to explain how trial-by-trial errors drive the progressive adaptation observed in such studies . T... | Skillful object manipulation is an essential feature of human behavior . How humans process and represent information associated with objects is thus a fundamental question in neuroscience . Here , we examine the representation of the mechanical properties of objects which define the mapping between the forces applied ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"motor",
"systems",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2011 | A Single-Rate Context-Dependent Learning Process Underlies Rapid Adaptation to Familiar Object Dynamics |
Wounded leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana show transient immunity to Botrytis cinerea , the causal agent of grey mould . Using a fluorescent probe , histological staining and a luminol assay , we now show that reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , including H2O2 and O2− , are produced within minutes after wounding . ROS are f... | This study provides an explanation for the strong resistance to B . cinerea observed in wounded plants or plants with cuticular defects . We have observed that a production of ROS and a permeable cuticle is common to all these situations . ROS , that include hydrogen peroxide , are known inducers of resistance and can ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"biology",
"plant",
"pathology",
"biology"
] | 2011 | A Permeable Cuticle Is Associated with the Release of Reactive Oxygen Species and Induction of Innate Immunity |
Global gene expression data combined with bioinformatic analysis provides strong evidence that mammalian miRNAs mediate repression of gene expression primarily through binding sites within the 3′ untranslated region ( UTR ) . Using RNA induced silencing complex immunoprecipitation ( RISC-IP ) techniques we have identif... | Regulation of gene expression is as important as the genes themselves in determining the diverse array of living creatures we see in nature . Recently , scientists have discovered a whole new level of gene regulation through the actions of small molecules called microRNAs ( miRNAs ) . It is currently thought that miRNA... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/post-translational",
"regulation",
"of",
"gene",
"expression",
"molecular",
"biology/histone",
"modification",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"virology/effects",
"of",
"virus",
"infection",
"on",
"host",
"gene",
"expression",
"m... | 2010 | A Viral microRNA Down-Regulates Multiple Cell Cycle Genes through mRNA 5′UTRs |
Polygenic scores have recently been used to summarise genetic effects among an ensemble of markers that do not individually achieve significance in a large-scale association study . Markers are selected using an initial training sample and used to construct a score in an independent replication sample by forming the we... | Recently there has been much interest in combining multiple genetic markers into a single score for predicting disease risk . Even if many of the individual markers have no detected effect , the combined score could be a strong predictor of disease . This has allowed researchers to demonstrate that some diseases have a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"statistics",
"mathematics",
"biostatistics",
"genetic",
"epidemiology",
"personalized",
"medicine",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"genetic",
"association",
"studies",
"genetics",
"... | 2013 | Power and Predictive Accuracy of Polygenic Risk Scores |
Candida albicans is the leading fungal pathogen of humans , causing life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals . Treatment of candidiasis is hampered by the limited number of antifungal drugs whose efficacy is compromised by host toxicity , fungistatic activity , and the emergence of drug resistance . We... | Fungal pathogens pose a serious threat to people with compromised immune systems . Chief among the opportunistic fungal pathogens is Candida albicans . Treatment of C . albicans infections remains challenging because there are very few effective drugs and the pathogen has evolved many strategies to survive drug exposur... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/fungal",
"infections",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/antimicrobials",
"and",
"drug",
"resistance",
"microbiology"
] | 2009 | Hsp90 Governs Echinocandin Resistance in the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans via Calcineurin |
The ocular onchocercosis is caused by the zoonotic parasite Onchocerca lupi ( Spirurida: Onchocercidae ) . A major hindrance to scientific progress is the absence of a reliable diagnostic test in affected individuals . Microscopic examination of skin snip sediments and the identification of adults embedded in ocular no... | The diagnosis of zoonotic ocular onchocercosis caused by Onchocerca lupi ( Spirurida: Onchocercidae ) is currently based on microscopic examination of skin snip sediments and on the identification of adults embedded in ocular nodules . These methods are labour-intensive and require multiple steps to achieve the diagnos... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"onchocerca",
"volvulus",
"helminths",
"wolves",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"dogs",
"mammals",
"animals",
"onchocerca",
"nematode",
"infections",
"veterinary",
"diagnostics",
"dna",
"veterinary",
"scie... | 2018 | A real-time PCR tool for the surveillance of zoonotic Onchocerca lupi in dogs, cats and potential vectors |
Hematopoietic stem cells in mammals are known to reside mostly in the bone marrow , but also transitively passage in small numbers in the blood . Experimental findings have suggested that they exist in a dynamic equilibrium , continuously migrating between these two compartments . Here we construct an individual-based ... | Clonal hematopoiesis—where mature myeloid cells in the blood deriving from a single stem cell are over-represented—is a major risk factor for overt hematologic malignancies . To quantify how likely this phenomena is , we combine existing observations with a novel stochastic model and extensive mathematical analysis . T... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"cloning",
"physiological",
"processes",
"stem",
"cells",
"molecular",
"biology",
... | 2017 | Clonal dominance and transplantation dynamics in hematopoietic stem cell compartments |
Upon attachment to their respective receptor , human rhinoviruses ( HRVs ) are internalized into the host cell via different pathways but undergo similar structural changes . This ultimately results in the delivery of the viral RNA into the cytoplasm for replication . To improve our understanding of the conformational ... | Human Rhinoviruses ( HRVs ) , members of the Picornaviridae family , are small non-enveloped viruses possessing an icosahedral capsid that protects the single-stranded RNA genome . Although much is known about their binding to cell receptors and their uptake into the host cell , the mechanism by which their genomic RNA... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viral",
"entry",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"virology",
"subviral",
"particles",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"viral",
"load"
] | 2012 | Insights into Minor Group Rhinovirus Uncoating: The X-ray Structure of the HRV2 Empty Capsid |
As in many species , gustatory pheromones regulate the mating behavior of Drosophila . Recently , several ppk genes , encoding ion channel subunits of the DEG/ENaC family , have been implicated in this process , leading to the identification of gustatory neurons that detect specific pheromones . In a subset of taste ha... | Drosophila mating behaviors serve as an attractive model to understand how external sensory cues are detected and used to generate appropriate behavioral responses . Pheromones present on the cuticle of Drosophila have important roles in stimulating male courtship toward females and inhibiting male courtship directed a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"molecular",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"genetics",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"gene",
"function",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"drosophila",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"ins... | 2014 | Drosophila Pheromone-Sensing Neurons Expressing the ppk25 Ion Channel Subunit Stimulate Male Courtship and Female Receptivity |
The imprint of natural selection on protein coding genes is often difficult to identify because selection is frequently transient or episodic , i . e . it affects only a subset of lineages . Existing computational techniques , which are designed to identify sites subject to pervasive selection , may fail to recognize s... | Identifying regions of protein coding genes that have undergone adaptive evolution is important to answering many questions in evolutionary biology and genetics . In order to tease out genetic evidence for natural selection , genes from a diverse array of taxa must be analyzed , only a subset of which may have undergon... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"adaptation",
"mathematics",
"natural",
"selection",
"statistics",
"statistical",
"methods",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"processes"
] | 2012 | Detecting Individual Sites Subject to Episodic Diversifying Selection |
Over 20 years , from October 1989 , the Darwin prospective melioidosis study has documented 540 cases from tropical Australia , providing new insights into epidemiology and the clinical spectrum . The principal presentation was pneumonia in 278 ( 51% ) , genitourinary infection in 76 ( 14% ) , skin infection in 68 ( 13... | Melioidosis is an occupationally and recreationally acquired infection important in Southeast Asia and northern Australia . Recently cases have been reported from more diverse locations globally . The responsible bacterium , Burkholderia pseudomallei , is considered a potential biothreat agent . Risk factors predisposi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microbiology/environmental",
"microbiology",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/environmental",
"health",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"critical",
"care",
"and",
"emergency",
"medicine/sepsis",
"and",
"multiple",
"organ",
"failure",
"publ... | 2010 | The Epidemiology and Clinical Spectrum of Melioidosis: 540 Cases from the 20 Year Darwin Prospective Study |
Case management in children with cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) is mainly based on studies performed in adults . We aimed to determine the efficacy and harms of interventions to treat CL in children . We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials and cohort studies , assessing treatments of CL in children ( ≤12 y... | Cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) is a parasitic disease that causes chronic , often ulcerated , skin lesions that leave lifelong scars on the face or other visible areas . In some regions of the world , children represent a high proportion of cases . Treatment options for children are limited , and may require administra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"database",
"searching",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"trials",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"pediatrics",
"research",
"design",
"... | 2018 | Interventions to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis in children: A systematic review |
Deleterious alleles have long been proposed to play an important role in patterning phenotypic variation and are central to commonly held ideas explaining the hybrid vigor observed in the offspring of a cross between two inbred parents . We test these ideas using evolutionary measures of sequence conservation to ask wh... | A key long-term goal of biology is understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic variation . Although most new mutations are likely disadvantageous , their prevalence and importance in explaining patterns of phenotypic variation is controversial and not well understood . In this study we combine whole genome-sequencing... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"alleles",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"plant",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"plants",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"gra... | 2017 | Incomplete dominance of deleterious alleles contributes substantially to trait variation and heterosis in maize |
To improve our knowledge on the epidemiological status of African trypanosomiasis , better tools are required to monitor Trypanosome genotypes circulating in both mammalian hosts and tsetse fly vectors . This is important in determining the diversity of Trypanosomes and understanding how environmental factors and contr... | Tsetse flies are central actors in the transmission of Trypanosomes to vertebrate hosts . Therefore , detection of Trypanosomes in the tsetse flies is important for understanding the epidemiology of African trypanosomiasis as a component of new control or surveillance strategies . We have developed a method that combin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"trypanosoma",
"congolense",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"glossina",
"organisms",
"trypanosoma",
"brucei",
"protozoans",
"trypanosoma",
"vivax",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"tsetse",
"fly",
"ins... | 2019 | A single test approach for accurate and sensitive detection and taxonomic characterization of Trypanosomes by comprehensive analysis of internal transcribed spacer 1 amplicons |
Phylogenetic inference is an attractive means to reconstruct transmission histories and epidemics . However , there is not a perfect correspondence between transmission history and virus phylogeny . Both node height and topological differences may occur , depending on the interaction between within-host evolutionary dy... | Over the past few years , epidemiological models for infectious diseases have incorporated network structure: each individual has a set of contacts to whom they can pass the infection . However , collecting data to develop a good representation of the network is very challenging . The increasing availability of sequenc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"pathogens",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"microbiology",
"epidemiological",
"methods",
"and",
"statistics",
... | 2017 | Inference of Transmission Network Structure from HIV Phylogenetic Trees |
Insect seminal fluid proteins are powerful modulators of many aspects of female physiology and behaviour including longevity , egg production , sperm storage , and remating . The crucial role of these proteins in reproduction makes them promising targets for developing tools aimed at reducing the population sizes of ve... | Male seminal fluid proteins trigger a wide range of behavioural and physiological changes in females and can have important effects on reproductive success . In many animals , seminal fluid is transferred to females as a gelatinous mass termed a mating plug . Although many hypotheses have been put forward to explain th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/sexual",
"behavior",
"molecular",
"biology/molecular",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"disease... | 2009 | Transglutaminase-Mediated Semen Coagulation Controls Sperm Storage in the Malaria Mosquito |
TRIM5 proteins can restrict retroviral infection soon after delivery of the viral core into the cytoplasm . However , the molecular mechanisms by which TRIM5α inhibits infection have been elusive , in part due to the difficulty of developing and executing biochemical assays that examine this stage of the retroviral lif... | The TRIM5 proteins found in primates are inhibitors of retroviral infection that act soon after delivery of the viral core into the cytoplasm . It has been difficult to elucidate how TRIM5 proteins work , because techniques that can be applied to this step of the viral life cycle are cumbersome . We developed an experi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | Fates of Retroviral Core Components during Unrestricted and TRIM5-Restricted Infection |
Adaptation is a common feature of many sensory systems . But its occurrence to pain sensation has remained elusive . Here we address the problem at the receptor level and show that the capsaicin ion channel TRPV1 , which mediates nociception at the peripheral nerve terminals , possesses properties essential to the adap... | Sensory receptors can adjust their sensitivity to continuously varying stimuli , a process known as adaptation . Adaptation has been extensively studied in vision , hearing , and olfactory systems , but whether it also occurs to pain receptors has not been established . TRPV1 is an ion channel expressed in peripheral n... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"physiology",
"biophysics",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | Interaction with Phosphoinositides Confers Adaptation onto the TRPV1 Pain Receptor |
Snakebite envenoming kills more than more than 20 , 000 people in Sub-Saharan Africa every year . Poorly regulated markets have been inundated with low-price , low-quality antivenoms . This review aimed to systematically collect and analyse the clinical data on all antivenom products now available in markets of sub-Sah... | Snakebite envenomation represents one of the most neglected tropical medical conditions worldwide . Despite high levels of morbidity and mortality associated with snakebite , its neglected nature has compromised the availability and evaluation of antivenom treatment . This review was initiated by Médecins Sans Frontièr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"database",
"searching",
"animals",
"toxic",
"agents",
"toxicology",
"r... | 2019 | Reviewing evidence of the clinical effectiveness of commercially available antivenoms in sub-Saharan Africa identifies the need for a multi-centre, multi-antivenom clinical trial |
In Human African Trypanosomiasis , neurological symptoms dominate and cardiac involvement has been suggested . Because of increasing resistance to the available drugs for HAT , new compounds are desperately needed . Evaluation of cardiotoxicity is one parameter of drug safety , but without knowledge of the baseline hea... | In Human African Trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) , neurological symptoms dominate and cardiac involvement has been suggested . Because of increasing resistance to the available drugs for HAT , new compounds are desperately needed . Evaluation of cardiotoxicity is one parameter of drug safety , but without knowledge of the base... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders"
] | 2009 | Cardiac Alterations in Human African Trypanosomiasis (T.b. gambiense) with Respect to the Disease Stage and Antiparasitic Treatment |
Mammalian genomes contain several dozens of large ( >0 . 5 Mbp ) lineage-specific gene loci harbouring functionally related genes . However , spatial chromatin folding , organization of the enhancer-promoter networks and their relevance to Topologically Associating Domains ( TADs ) in these loci remain poorly understoo... | Gene activity programmes in different cell types control development and homeostasis of multi-cellular organisms . Spatial genome organization controls gene activity by facilitating or restricting contacts between gene promoters and remote gene enhancers . Functionally related co-regulated genes are often located toget... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"keratinocytes",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"dna",
"transcription",
"stem",
"cells",
"genome",
"analysis",
"epigenetics",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"chromatin",
"genomic",
"libraries",
"animal",
"cells",
"ch... | 2017 | 5C analysis of the Epidermal Differentiation Complex locus reveals distinct chromatin interaction networks between gene-rich and gene-poor TADs in skin epithelial cells |
Inter-individual variation in regulatory circuits controlling gene expression is a powerful source of functional information . The study of associations among genetic variants and gene expression provides important insights about cell circuitry but cannot specify whether and when potential variants dynamically alter th... | Genetic variation is postulated to play a major role in transcriptional responses to stimulation . Such process involves two inter-related dynamic processes: first , the time-dependent changes in gene expression , and second , the time-dependent changes in genetic effects . Although the dynamics of gene expression has ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"association",
"studies",
"genome",
"analysis",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Dissecting Dynamic Genetic Variation That Controls Temporal Gene Response in Yeast |
We present a machine learning-based methodology capable of providing real-time ( “nowcast” ) and forecast estimates of influenza activity in the US by leveraging data from multiple data sources including: Google searches , Twitter microblogs , nearly real-time hospital visit records , and data from a participatory surv... | The aggregated activity patterns of Internet users have enabled the detection and tracking of multiple population-wide events such as disease outbreaks , financial markets performance , and preferences in online movie selections . As a consequence , a collection of mathematical models aiming at monitoring and predictin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Combining Search, Social Media, and Traditional Data Sources to Improve Influenza Surveillance |
The heart exhibits the highest basal oxygen ( O2 ) consumption per tissue mass of any organ in the body and is uniquely dependent on aerobic metabolism to sustain contractile function . During acute hypoxic states , the body responds with a compensatory increase in cardiac output that further increases myocardial O2 de... | While hemoglobin is the primary oxygen delivery molecule used to maintain tissue oxygenation in metazoans , many organisms have other heme-containing proteins that can bind oxygen and other diatomic gases . Here , we tested whether a member of the H-NOX family of heme-containing proteins found in the thermostable bacte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"oxygen",
"cardiac",
"output",
"pulmonology",
"arteries",
"hypoxia",
"pulmonary",
"arteries",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"cardiology",
"medical",
"hypoxia",
"research",
... | 2018 | Preservation of myocardial contractility during acute hypoxia with OMX-CV, a novel oxygen delivery biotherapeutic |
Discrimination between self and non-self is a prerequisite for any defence mechanism; in innate defence , this discrimination is often mediated by lectins recognizing non-self carbohydrate structures and so relies on an arsenal of host lectins with different specificities towards target organism carbohydrate structures... | All multicellular organisms have developed mechanisms to defend themselves against predators , parasites and pathogens . As a common mechanism , animals , plants and fungi use a large arsenal of carbohydrate-binding proteins ( lectins ) to protect themselves from predation and parasitism . The success of this type of i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"carbohydrates",
"animal",
"models",
"fungi",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"protein",
"structure",
"mycology",
"proteins",
"biology",
... | 2012 | Plasticity of the β-Trefoil Protein Fold in the Recognition and Control of Invertebrate Predators and Parasites by a Fungal Defence System |
Evidence has accumulated in recent decades on the drastic impact of climate change on biodiversity . Warming temperatures have induced changes in species physiology , phenology , and have decreased body size . Such modifications can impact population dynamics and could lead to changes in life cycle and demography . Mor... | Ongoing climate change has potentially drastic impacts on biodiversity . Because their body temperature depends on their external environment , ectotherm ( “cold-blooded” ) species are thought to be more at risk from warming climates than endotherm ( “warm-blooded” ) species that regulate their temperature internally .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Live Fast, Die Young: Experimental Evidence of Population Extinction Risk due to Climate Change |
As a deubiquitinating enzyme ( DUB ) , the physiological substrates of ataxin-3 ( ATX-3 ) remain elusive , which limits our understanding of its normal cellular function and that of pathogenic mechanism of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 ( SCA3 ) . Here , we identify p53 to be a novel substrate of ATX-3 . ATX-3 binds to ... | Ataxin-3 ( ATX-3 ) is a ubiquitously expressed protein that mutated in a neurodegenerative disease called spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 ( SCA3 ) . It contains a polyglutamine ( polyQ ) tract near its C-terminus , the expansion of which is known to be the causative factor for SCA3 . It has been known for a long time tha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunoblotting",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"immunoprecipitation",
"neuronal",
"death",
"molecular... | 2016 | The Machado–Joseph Disease Deubiquitinase Ataxin-3 Regulates the Stability and Apoptotic Function of p53 |
Quantitative genetic analysis has long been used to study how natural variation of genotype can influence an organism's phenotype . While most studies have focused on genetic determinants of phenotypic average , it is rapidly becoming understood that stochastic noise is genetically determined . However , it is not know... | Understanding how genetic variation controls phenotypic variation is a fundamental goal of biology in both modern medicine and agriculture . Yet , frequently , even a large set of genetic polymorphisms do not fully explain variance of a phenotype within a discrete set of individuals . Numerous mechanistic theories have... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"plant",
"biology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"population",
"genetics",
"quantitative",
"traits",
"epistasis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"model",
"organisms",
"trait",
"locus",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"arabidopsis",
"tha... | 2011 | Genomic Analysis of QTLs and Genes Altering Natural Variation in Stochastic Noise |
Histone H3 lysine 9 ( H3K9 ) methylation is associated with gene repression and heterochromatin formation . In Drosophila , SU ( VAR ) 3–9 is responsible for H3K9 methylation mainly at pericentric heterochromatin . However , the histone methyltransferases responsible for H3K9 methylation at euchromatic sites , telomere... | DNA is the basic unit carrying genetic information . Within the nucleus , DNA is wrapped around an eight-histone complex to form the nucleosome . The nucleosomes and other associated proteins assemble to a higher order structure called chromatin . The histones are mainly globular , excepted for their tails that protrud... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"drosophila",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Drosophila SETDB1 Is Required for Chromosome 4 Silencing |
The environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei causes the infectious disease melioidosis with a high case-fatality rate in tropical and subtropical regions . Direct pathogen detection can be difficult , and therefore an indirect serological test which might aid early diagnosis is desirable . However , current te... | Melioidosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei . Since the clinical presentations of melioidosis are extremely variable and no specific signs or symptoms exist , early laboratory-based diagnosis is highly desirable to start appropriate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"melioidosis",
"immunology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"chaperone",
"proteins",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"antibody",
"response",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"infectious",
"di... | 2016 | Rapid and Sensitive Multiplex Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei-Specific Antibodies in Melioidosis Patients Based on a Protein Microarray Approach |
The properties of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) pose serious difficulties for the development of an effective prophylactic vaccine . Here we describe the construction and characterization of recombinant ( r ) , replication-competent forms of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus ( RRV ) , a gamma-2 herpesvirus , contai... | Given the magnitude and impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic , development of a safe , effective vaccine against HIV remains a top priority for biomedical research . While live-attenuated strains of the simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) have shown promise in monkey studies , concern for safety has limited efforts along ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"retrovirus... | 2018 | A recombinant herpesviral vector containing a near-full-length SIVmac239 genome produces SIV particles and elicits immune responses to all nine SIV gene products |
Lepromatous leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae is associated with antigen specific T cell unresponsiveness/anergy whose underlying mechanisms are not fully defined . We investigated the role of CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in both skin lesions and M . leprae stimulated PBMC cultures of 28 each of freshly diagnose... | Lepromatous leprosy is a generalized infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae with the patients showing T cell mediated unresponsiveness to the pathogen and chronicity of lesions . The causation of unresponsiveness and anergy in this form of leprosy is not fully understood . The recent discovery of CD25+FOXP3+... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunopathology",
"immune",
"cells",
"t",
"cells",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2014 | Increase in TGF-β Secreting CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ T Regulatory Cells in Anergic Lepromatous Leprosy Patients |
Wolbachia has been deployed in several countries to reduce transmission of dengue , Zika and chikungunya viruses . During releases , Wolbachia-infected females are likely to lay their eggs in local available breeding sites , which might already be colonized by local Aedes sp . mosquitoes . Therefore , there is an urgen... | Several countries are seeking new vector control tools to reduce the transmission of arboviruses such as dengue , chikungunya and Zika . One of these innovative approaches relies on the release of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the endosymbiont Wolbachia , since this bacterium can block the aforementioned virus... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animals",
"wolbachia",
"viruses",
"developmental",
"biology",
"animal",
"anatomy",
"population",
"biology",
"insect",
"vectors",
"zoology",
"bacteria",
"population",
"density",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"aedes",
... | 2017 | How does competition among wild type mosquitoes influence the performance of Aedes aegypti and dissemination of Wolbachia pipientis? |
Given the complexity of developmental networks , it is often difficult to predict the effect of genetic perturbations , even within coding genes . Regulatory factors generally have pleiotropic effects , exhibit partially redundant roles , and regulate highly interconnected pathways with ample cross-talk . Here , we del... | We delineate a logical model encompassing 48 components and 82 regulatory interactions controlling mesoderm specification during Drosophila development , thereby integrating all major genetic processes underlying the formation of four mesodermal tissues . The model is based on in vivo genetic data , partly confirmed by... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infographics",
"invertebrates",
"gene",
"regulation",
"animals",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"embryos",
"drosophila",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"embry... | 2016 | Qualitative Dynamical Modelling Can Formally Explain Mesoderm Specification and Predict Novel Developmental Phenotypes |
One view of adaptation is that it proceeds by the slow and steady accumulation of beneficial mutations with small effects . It is difficult to test this model , since in most cases the genetic basis of adaptation can only be studied a posteriori with traits that have evolved for a long period of time through an unknown... | Adaptation is not always a straightforward process , and often results from natural selection tinkering with available variation . We present in this study just such a tortuous natural selection pathway , which allows the mosquito Culex pipiens to resist organophosphorous insecticides . In the Montpellier area , follow... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology",
"arthropods",
"eukaryotes",
"culex",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"animals",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"insects"
] | 2007 | Forty Years of Erratic Insecticide Resistance Evolution in the Mosquito Culex pipiens |
As international travel increases , there is rising exposure to many pathogens not traditionally encountered in the resource-rich countries of the world . Filarial infections , a great problem throughout the tropics and subtropics , are relatively rare among travelers even to filaria-endemic regions of the world . The ... | As international travel increases , there is rising exposure to many pathogens not traditionally encountered in the resource-rich countries of the world . The GeoSentinel Surveillance Network , a global network of medicine/travel clinics , was established in 1995 to detect morbidity trends among travelers . Filarial in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Members",
"of",
"the",
"Geosentinel",
"Surveillance",
"Network"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2007 | Filariasis in Travelers Presenting to the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network |
DNA double-strand breaks trigger the production of locus-derived siRNAs in fruit flies , human cells and plants . At least in flies , their biogenesis depends on active transcription running towards the break . Since siRNAs derive from a double-stranded RNA precursor , a major question is how broken DNA ends can genera... | DNA damage ultimately threatens the integrity of our genome; in addition , it is an impediment for transcription and thus affects cells independently of the mutagenic effects . DNA double-strand breaks in transcribed regions can induce the production of corresponding small interfering RNAs , a class of regulators that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"gene",
"regulation",
"animals",
"dna",
"transcription",
"animal",
"models",
"dna",
"damage",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"dna",
"drosophila",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"smal... | 2017 | Splicing stimulates siRNA formation at Drosophila DNA double-strand breaks |
Bacterial signaling systems are prime drug targets for combating the global health threat of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections including those caused by Staphylococcus aureus . S . aureus is the primary cause of acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections ( SSTIs ) and the quorum sensing operon agr is causa... | New approaches are needed to lessen the burden of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections . One strategy is to develop therapies that target virulence which rely on host defense elements to clear the bacteria rather than direct antimicrobial killing . Quorum sensing is a bacterial signaling mechanism that often regul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"skin",
"infections",
"dermatology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Selective Chemical Inhibition of agr Quorum Sensing in Staphylococcus aureus Promotes Host Defense with Minimal Impact on Resistance |
The Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas euvesicatoria ( Xe ) is the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of pepper and tomato . Xe delivers effector proteins into host cells through the type III secretion system to promote disease . Here , we show that the Xe effector XopAU , which is conserved in numerous Xanthomona... | Many bacterial pathogens inject effector proteins into their eukaryotic host cells through the type III secretion system to modulate host cellular processes . Elucidating the function of bacterial effectors and identification of their host targets is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"cell",
"death",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"fungi",
"plant",
"science",
"plants",
"bacteria",
"mapk",
"signaling",
"cascades",
"agrobacteria",
"plant",
"microbiology",
"proteins",
"tomatoes",
"leaves",
"fruits",
"yeast",... | 2018 | The Xanthomonas euvesicatoria type III effector XopAU is an active protein kinase that manipulates plant MAP kinase signaling |
Gcn4 is a master transcriptional regulator of amino acid and vitamin biosynthetic enzymes subject to the general amino acid control ( GAAC ) , whose expression is upregulated in response to amino acid starvation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . We found that accumulation of the threonine pathway intermediate β-aspartate s... | Transcriptional activator Gcn4 maintains amino acid homeostasis in budding yeast by inducing multiple amino acid biosynthetic pathways in response to starvation for any amino acid—the general amino acid control . Gcn4 abundance is tightly regulated by the interplay between an intricate translational control mechanism ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Accumulation of a Threonine Biosynthetic Intermediate Attenuates General Amino Acid Control by Accelerating Degradation of Gcn4 via Pho85 and Cdk8 |
Biological systems are inherently variable , with their dynamics influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic sources . These systems are often only partially characterized , with large uncertainties about specific sources of extrinsic variability and biochemical properties . Moreover , it is not yet well understood how diffe... | Variability is inherent in biological systems , and in order to understand them , we need to be able to model different sources of variability . Systems have evolved to harness and control the variability , and more recently , synthetic biologists are trying to learn how to control variability in engineered biological ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"bioengineering",
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"biological",
"systems",
"engineering",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"engineering"
] | 2013 | Combined Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Variability for Computational Network Design with Application to Synthetic Biology |
Computational modeling of neuronal morphology is a powerful tool for understanding developmental processes and structure-function relationships . We present a multifaceted approach based on stochastic sampling of morphological measures from digital reconstructions of real cells . We examined how dendritic elongation , ... | Neurons in the brain have a variety of complex arbor shapes that help determine both their interconnectivity and functional roles . Molecular biology is beginning to uncover important details on the development of these tree-like structures , but how and why vastly different shapes arise is still largely unknown . We d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/neurodevelopment",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | A Comparative Computer Simulation of Dendritic Morphology |
While the apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii are thought to primarily depend on glycolysis for ATP synthesis , recent studies have shown that they can fully catabolize glucose in a canonical TCA cycle . However , these parasites lack a mitochondrial isoform of pyruvate dehydrogenase and ... | The mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid ( TCA ) cycle is one of the core metabolic pathways of eukaryotic cells , which contributes to cellular energy generation and provision of essential intermediates for macromolecule synthesis . Apicomplexan parasites possess the complete sets of genes coding for the TCA cycle . Howev... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"plasmodium",
"vivax",
"protozoans",
"malarial",
"parasites",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"malaria",
"protozoan",
"infections",
"plasmodium",
"falciparum",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"organisms",
... | 2014 | BCKDH: The Missing Link in Apicomplexan Mitochondrial Metabolism Is Required for Full Virulence of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium berghei |
Cytomegaloviruses ( CMVs ) persistently and systemically infect the myeloid cells of immunocompetent hosts . Persistence implies immune evasion , and CMVs evade CD8+ T cells by inhibiting MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation . Myeloid cells can also interact with CD4+ T cells via MHC class II ( MHC II ) . Human ... | Human cytomegalovirus is the commonest infectious cause of harm to unborn children . Vaccines have not stopped it establishing chronic , systemic infections . Murine cytomegalovirus ( MCMV ) provides an accessible model to understand why . We show that MCMV evades CD4+ T cells via its M78 protein , and that this helps ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"immunology",
"bone",
"marrow",
"cells",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"cytotoxic",
"t",
"cells",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"specimen"... | 2018 | Murine cytomegalovirus degrades MHC class II to colonize the salivary glands |
A hallmark of diseases of protein conformation and aging is the appearance of protein aggregates associated with cellular toxicity . We posit that the functional properties of the proteostasis network ( PN ) protect the proteome from misfolding and combat the proteotoxic events leading to cellular pathology . In this s... | A common characteristic of protein conformational diseases is the appearance of protein aggregates associated with late-onset symptoms . Here , we have taken an unbiased genetic approach to test the hypothesis that protein aggregation and toxicity are co-linked genetic traits that are regulated by a common proteostasis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetic",
"screens",
"genetics",
"gene",
"classes",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"gen... | 2011 | A Genetic Screening Strategy Identifies Novel Regulators of the Proteostasis Network |
Skin pigmentation is one of the most variable phenotypic traits in humans . A non-synonymous substitution ( rs1426654 ) in the third exon of SLC24A5 accounts for lighter skin in Europeans but not in East Asians . A previous genome-wide association study carried out in a heterogeneous sample of UK immigrants of South As... | Human skin color is one of the most visible aspects of human diversity . The genetic basis of pigmentation in Europeans has been understood to some extent , but our knowledge about South Asians has been restricted to a handful of studies . It has been suggested that a single nucleotide difference in SLC24A5 accounts fo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | The Light Skin Allele of SLC24A5 in South Asians and Europeans Shares Identity by Descent |
For many organisms the ability to transduce light into cellular signals is crucial for survival . Light stimulates DNA repair and metabolism changes in bacteria , avoidance responses in single-cell organisms , attraction responses in plants , and both visual and nonvisual perception in animals . Despite these widely di... | In all of nature , scientists have discovered only six different mechanisms by which organisms sense light , and only one of these mechanisms can detect ultraviolet light ( the rhodopsins that sense ultraviolet light in non-mammalian vertebrates ) . The widely studied model organism Caenorhabditis elegans has none of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | A Novel Molecular Solution for Ultraviolet Light Detection in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Although prostate cancer typically runs an indolent course , a subset of men develop aggressive , fatal forms of this disease . We hypothesize that germline variation modulates susceptibility to aggressive prostate cancer . The goal of this work is to identify susceptibility genes using the C57BL/6-Tg ( TRAMP ) 8247Ng/... | Prostate cancer is a remarkably common disease , and in 2014 it is estimated that it will account for 27% of new cancer cases in men in the US . However , less than 13% those diagnosed will succumb to prostate cancer , with most men dying from unrelated causes . The tests used to identify men at risk of fatal prostate ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"predisposition",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"genetic",
"association",
"studies",
"heredity",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"quantitative",
"traits",
"human",
"genetic... | 2014 | A Systems Genetics Approach Identifies CXCL14, ITGAX, and LPCAT2 as Novel Aggressive Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Genes |
Analyses of large-scale population structure of pathogens enable the identification of migration patterns , diversity reservoirs or longevity of populations , the understanding of current evolutionary trajectories and the anticipation of future ones . This is particularly important for long-distance migrating fungal pa... | Domestication of ecosystems , climate change and expanding global trade have accelerated the pace of disease emergence , caused by their introduction into new areas with susceptible hosts or the spread of new damaging pathogen genotypes . The wheat yellow rust pathogen ( PST ) is a pathogen with recent reports of invas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"ecology",
"ecology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"cereals",
"crops",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"crop",
"diseases",
"population",
"ecology",
"microbial",
"ecology",
"agriculture"
] | 2014 | Origin, Migration Routes and Worldwide Population Genetic Structure of the Wheat Yellow Rust Pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici |
Elevated uric acid ( UA ) is a key risk factor for many disorders , including metabolic syndrome , gout and kidney stones . Despite frequent occurrence of these disorders , the genetic pathways influencing UA metabolism and the association with disease remain poorly understood . In humans , elevated UA levels resulted ... | Enzymatic purine degradation in humans ends with uric acid ( UA ) . Multiple genetic and dietary factors raise UA levels above the norm , which is called hyperuricemia or hyperuricosuria when detected in the serum or urine , respectively . Clinical studies report a correlation between elevated UA and a plethora of chro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"invertebrates",
"rheumatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"drugs",
"diet",
"organic",
"compounds",
"animals",
"purines",
"animal",
"models",
"fungi",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
... | 2019 | A conserved role of the insulin-like signaling pathway in diet-dependent uric acid pathologies in Drosophila melanogaster |
Rift Valley fever virus ( RVFV ) ( genus Phlebovirus , family Bunyaviridae ) is a negative-stranded RNA virus with a tripartite genome . RVFV is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes fever and severe hemorrhagic illness among humans , and fever and high rates of abortions in livestock . A nonstructural RVFV NSs protein ... | The mosquito-borne bunyavirus Rift Valley fever virus ( RVFV ) devastates both humans and domestic animals; it causes abortions in ruminants and complications such as hemorrhage , encephalitis , or retinal vasculitis in humans . A major RVFV virulence factor , NSs , disables host cell mRNA synthesis . Here we describe ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"virology",
"virology/immune",
"evasion",
"virology/effects",
"of",
"virus",
"infection",
"on",
"host",
"gene",
"expression",
"virology/host",
"antiviral",
"responses"
] | 2009 | Rift Valley Fever Virus NSs Protein Promotes Post-Transcriptional Downregulation of Protein Kinase PKR and Inhibits eIF2α Phosphorylation |
Epithelial tubes are the functional units of many organs , and proper tube geometry is crucial for organ function . Here , we characterize serrano ( sano ) , a novel cytoplasmic protein that is apically enriched in several tube-forming epithelia in Drosophila , including the tracheal system . Loss of sano results in el... | Tubular organ formation is a ubiquitous process required to sustain life in multicellular organisms . In this study , we focused on the tracheal system of the fruit fly , Drosophila melanogaster , and identified Serrano ( Sano ) as a novel protein expressed in several embryonic tubular organs , including trachea . sano... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/organogenesis"
] | 2009 | Serrano (Sano) Functions with the Planar Cell Polarity Genes to Control Tracheal Tube Length |
Two interesting unanswered questions are the extent to which both the broad patterns and genetic details of adaptive divergence are repeatable across species , and the timescales over which parallel adaptation may be observed . Drosophila melanogaster is a key model system for population and evolutionary genomics . Fin... | Both local adaptation on short timescales and the long-term accumulation of adaptive differences between species have recently been investigated using comparative genomic and population genomic approaches in several species . However , the repeatability of adaptive evolution at the genetic level is poorly understood . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"computational",
"biology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"panama",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"north",
"america",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"genome",
"analysis"... | 2017 | Genomics of parallel adaptation at two timescales in Drosophila |
The bacterial cell cycle has been extensively studied under standard growth conditions . How it is modulated in response to environmental changes remains poorly understood . Here , we demonstrate that the freshwater bacterium Caulobacter crescentus blocks cell division and grows to filamentous cells in response to stre... | Free-living bacteria are frequently exposed to various environmental stress conditions . To survive under such adverse conditions , cells must induce pathways that prevent and alleviate cellular damages , but they must also adjust their cell cycle to guarantee cellular integrity . It has long been observed that various... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"caulobacter",
"enzymes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"metabolic",
"processes",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"phosphatases",
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"dna",
"replic... | 2016 | A Kinase-Phosphatase Switch Transduces Environmental Information into a Bacterial Cell Cycle Circuit |
A reduction in number and an increase in size of inflorescences is a common aspect of plant domestication . When maize was domesticated from teosinte , the number and arrangement of ears changed dramatically . Teosinte has long lateral branches that bear multiple small ears at their nodes and tassels at their tips . Ma... | Crop species underwent profound transformations in morphology during domestication . Among crops , maize experienced a more striking change in morphology than other crops . Among the changes in maize from its ancestor , teosinte , was a switch from 100 or more small ears per plant in teosinte to just one or two large e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"sciences",
"crops",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"anthropology",
"agriculture"
] | 2013 | From Many, One: Genetic Control of Prolificacy during Maize Domestication |
It has been suggested that dopamine ( DA ) represents reward-prediction-error ( RPE ) defined in reinforcement learning and therefore DA responds to unpredicted but not predicted reward . However , recent studies have found DA response sustained towards predictable reward in tasks involving self-paced behavior , and su... | Dopamine ( DA ) has been suggested to have two reward-related roles: ( 1 ) representing reward-prediction-error ( RPE ) , and ( 2 ) providing motivational drive . Role ( 1 ) is based on the physiological results that DA responds to unpredicted but not predicted reward , whereas role ( 2 ) is supported by the pharmacolo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"decision",
"making",
"nucleus",
"accumbens",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"synaptic",
"plasticit... | 2016 | Forgetting in Reinforcement Learning Links Sustained Dopamine Signals to Motivation |
Thelazia callipaeda is the causative agent of thelaziasis in canids , felids and humans . However , the population genetic structure regarding this parasite remains unclear . In this study , we first explored the genetic variation of 32 T . callipaeda clinical isolates using the following multi-molecular markers: cox1 ... | Thelazia callipaeda is the causative agent of thelaziasis canids , felids and humans . Despite the existing threat of thelaziosis in China , the genetic diversity of T . callipaeda has not been investigated across its wide geographical distribution in China , yet such information may provide insight into the disease ep... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"china",
"japan",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"population",
"biology",
"europe",
"korea",
"geography",
"phylogeography",
"people",
"and",
"places",
"haplotypes"... | 2018 | Population structure analysis of the neglected parasite Thelazia callipaeda revealed high genetic diversity in Eastern Asia isolates |
Viral replication relies on host metabolic machinery and precursors to produce large numbers of progeny - often very rapidly . A fundamental example is the infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage T7 . The resource draw imposed by viral replication represents a significant and complex perturbation to the extensiv... | Viral infection is a serious problem with relatively few known solutions . Much of the complexity of viral infection is contributed by the host's own resources that the virus commandeers . Viruses lack the machinery and precursors required to replicate , and thus may be considered metabolic products of their host . Our... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Determining Host Metabolic Limitations on Viral Replication via Integrated Modeling and Experimental Perturbation |
Dengue virus ( DENV ) , a global disease , is divided into four serotypes ( DENV1-4 ) . Cross-reactive and non-neutralizing antibodies against envelope ( E ) protein of DENV bind to the Fcγ receptors ( FcγR ) of cells , and thereby exacerbate viral infection by heterologous serotypes via antibody-dependent enhancement ... | Dengue virus ( DENV ) infects 390 million humans annually , and is the cause of one of the most important arthropod-borne viral diseases in the world . Currently , there are no available licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs for dengue , so development of safe vaccine and effective therapy is urgently needed . Here , we... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | An Epitope-Substituted DNA Vaccine Improves Safety and Immunogenicity against Dengue Virus Type 2 |
Nonessential tRNA modifications by methyltransferases are evolutionarily conserved and have been reported to stabilize mature tRNA molecules and prevent rapid tRNA decay ( RTD ) . The tRNA modifying enzymes , NSUN2 and METTL1 , are mammalian orthologs of yeast Trm4 and Trm8 , which are required for protecting tRNA agai... | The cellular mechanisms for sensing and responding to stress on nucleic acid metabolism or to genotoxic stress are the fundamental and ancient evolutionary biological activities with conserved and diverse biological functions . In yeast , hypomodified mature tRNA species are rapidly decayed under heat stress by the RTD... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"cervical",
"cancer",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"cell",
"processes",
"drug",
"dependence",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"toxicology... | 2014 | tRNA Modifying Enzymes, NSUN2 and METTL1, Determine Sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil in HeLa Cells |
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