Search is not available for this dataset
article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
values | title stringlengths 20 281 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In metazoans , apoptotic cells are swiftly engulfed by phagocytes and degraded inside phagosomes . Multiple small GTPases in the Rab family are known to function in phagosome maturation by regulating vesicle trafficking . We discovered rab-35 as a new gene important for apoptotic cell clearance from a genetic screen ta... | After apoptosis , cell corpses must be promptly recognized and phagocytosed by engulfing cells . These nascent phagosomes then undergo a maturation process that results in the degradation of the apoptotic cell corpse . Phagosome maturation is enabled and coordinated through Rabs , small GTPases that recruit specific se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"invertebrates",
"vesicles",
"rna",
"interference",
"caenorhabditis",
"enzymes",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"guanine",
"nucleotide",
"exchange",
"factors",
"mo... | 2018 | The small GTPase RAB-35 defines a third pathway that is required for the recognition and degradation of apoptotic cells |
The morphogenetic transition between yeast and filamentous forms of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is regulated by a variety of signaling pathways . How these pathways interact to orchestrate morphogenesis , however , has not been as well characterized . To address this question and to identify genes that i... | Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infections in humans . As a diploid yeast without a classical sexual cycle , many genetic approaches developed for large-scale genetic interaction studies in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot be applied to C . albicans . Genetic interaction studies have ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | A Large-Scale Complex Haploinsufficiency-Based Genetic Interaction
Screen in Candida albicans: Analysis of the RAM Network during
Morphogenesis |
Humans are protected against infection from most African trypanosomes by lipoprotein complexes present in serum that contain the trypanolytic pore-forming protein , Apolipoprotein L1 ( APOL1 ) . The human-infective trypanosomes , Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in East Africa and T . b . gambiense in West Africa have se... | African trypanosomes are protozoan parasites that affect both humans and animals in poor rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa , and are a major constraint on health and agricultural development . Disease control is principally dependent on the administration of drugs , which are old and largely unsatisfactory . Humans are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"mammals",
"primates",
"physiological",
"processes",
"protozoans",
"old",
"world",
"monkeys",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"tissue",
"repair",
"zoonoses",
... | 2016 | A Primate APOL1 Variant That Kills Trypanosoma brucei gambiense |
We have investigated in vivo the role of the carboxy-terminal domain of the Bacillus subtilis Single-Stranded DNA Binding protein ( SSBCter ) as a recruitment platform at active chromosomal forks for many proteins of the genome maintenance machineries . We probed this SSBCter interactome using GFP fusions and by Tap-ta... | Cell multiplication relies primarily on the complete and accurate duplication of the genome . Thus , all organisms have evolved multiple mechanisms to protect , repair , and re-activate the DNA replication forks . A large body of research is currently aimed at deciphering the mechanisms that precisely direct the protei... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"repair",
"molecular",
"biology/recombination",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"replication",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology"
] | 2010 | The C-Terminal Domain of the Bacterial SSB Protein Acts as a DNA Maintenance Hub at Active Chromosome Replication Forks |
In this work we investigate , by means of a computational stochastic model , how tumor cells with wild-type p53 gene respond to the drug Nutlin , an agent that interferes with the Mdm2-mediated p53 regulation . In particular , we show how the stochastic gene-switching controlled by p53 can explain experimental dose-res... | P53 is an antitumor gene regulating vital cellular functions such as repair of DNA damage , cellular suicide , and cell proliferation: in many tumors p53 is lowly expressed and/or mutated . Drugs targeting the biomolecular network of p53 are becoming important . The network includes the key proteins Mdm2 and PTEN , who... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"pharmacodynamics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"pharmacology",
"computational",
"biology",
"pharmacokinetics"
] | 2014 | The Pharmacodynamics of the p53-Mdm2 Targeting Drug Nutlin: The Role of Gene-Switching Noise |
Human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) manifests in two stages of disease: firstly , haemolymphatic , and secondly , an encephalitic phase involving the central nervous system ( CNS ) . New drugs to treat the second-stage disease are urgently needed , yet testing of novel drug candidates is a slow process because the es... | Trypanosoma brucei , a parasite transmitted by the bite of tsetse fly , is responsible for the disease human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) . In advanced stages of HAT , trypanosomes invade the central nervous system ( CNS ) , resulting in an array of neurological symptoms , and eventually death . Existing drugs for t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"drugs",
"and",
"devices",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"infectious",
"di... | 2013 | In Vivo Imaging of Trypanosome-Brain Interactions and Development of a Rapid Screening Test for Drugs against CNS Stage Trypanosomiasis |
Antagonistic coevolution between hosts and parasites can involve rapid fluctuations of genotype frequencies that are known as Red Queen dynamics . Under such dynamics , recombination in the hosts may be advantageous because genetic shuffling can quickly produce disproportionately fit offspring ( the Red Queen hypothesi... | The Red Queen has become an eponym for rapid and perpetual evolutionary arms races between hosts and parasites . The Red Queen also lends her name to the idea that such arms races are at the core of the question of why sexual reproduction is so widespread among higher-level organisms . According to this view , recombin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/population",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/animal",
"genetics",
"ecology/evolutionary",
"ecology",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"ecology",
"ecology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"evoluti... | 2009 | Red Queen Dynamics with Non-Standard Fitness Interactions |
Primary infection with varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) results in varicella ( more commonly known as chickenpox ) after which VZV establishes latency in sensory ganglia . VZV can reactivate to cause herpes zoster ( shingles ) , a debilitating disease that affects one million individuals in the US alone annually . Curren... | Varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) causes chickenpox and establishes a life-long latent infection in humans . VZV can reactivate years later to cause shingles , a debilitating and painful disease . Vaccines against both chickenpox and shingles are available but not 100% efficacious . Two doses of the chickenpox vaccine are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"chickenpox",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"immunology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"immunomodulation",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2011 | CD4 T Cell Immunity Is Critical for the Control of Simian Varicella Virus Infection in a Nonhuman Primate Model of VZV Infection |
A high proportion of grade 2 disability ( visible deformity ) is indicative of delay in detection of leprosy and leprosy is one of the major causes of preventable disability . We conducted this study to determine the risk factors associated with disability ( G2D and G1D ) among adult new leprosy cases and to measure th... | Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium leprae and is one of the major causes of preventable disability . In the recent years there has been an increase in the number of new leprosy patients with disability in India . People affected by leprosy often experience severe stigmatization because of its ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"salaries",
"disabilities",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"india",
"social",
"sciences",
"health",
"care",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"providers",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"medic... | 2019 | Risk of disability among adult leprosy cases and determinants of delay in diagnosis in five states of India: A case-control study |
Although statin drugs are generally efficacious for lowering plasma LDL-cholesterol levels , there is considerable variability in response . To identify candidate genes that may contribute to this variation , we used an unbiased genome-wide filter approach that was applied to 10 , 149 genes expressed in immortalized ly... | Statins , or HMG CoA reductase inhibitors , are widely used to lower plasma LDL-cholesterol levels as a means of reducing risk for cardiovascular disease . We performed an unbiased genome-wide survey to identify novel candidate genes that may be involved in statin response using genome-wide mRNA expression analysis in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"rna",
"interference",
"gene",
"regulation",
"dna",
"transcription",
"gene",
"function",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"personalized",
"medicine",
"gene",
"expression",
"gene",
"splicing",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genotypes",
"phenotypes",
"heredity",
"gene",
"ide... | 2012 | RHOA Is a Modulator of the Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Statin |
Multistep cell fate transitions with stepwise changes of transcriptional profiles are common to many developmental , regenerative and pathological processes . The multiple intermediate cell lineage states can serve as differentiation checkpoints or branching points for channeling cells to more than one lineages . Howev... | The functions of cells are dynamically controlled in many biological processes including development , regeneration and disease progression . Cell fate transition , or the switch of cellular functions , often involves multiple steps . The intermediate stages of the transition provide the biological systems with the opp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"gene",
"regulation",
"immunology",
"notch",
"signaling",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mathematics",
"network",
"analysis",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"scienc... | 2019 | An enriched network motif family regulates multistep cell fate transitions with restricted reversibility |
Organismal aging is influenced by a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic factors , and heterochromatin loss has been proposed to be one of the causes of aging . However , the role of heterochromatin in animal aging has been controversial . Here we show that heterochromatin formation prolongs lifespan and controls ribos... | Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in vitality and tissue function , leading to the demise of the organism . Many models have been proposed to explain the aging phenomenon . Among the many competing and/or overlapping models is the heterochromatin loss model of aging , which posits that heterochromatin dom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Heterochromatin Formation Promotes Longevity and Represses Ribosomal RNA Synthesis |
Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) core protein is directed to the surface of lipid droplets ( LD ) , a step that is essential for infectious virus production . However , the process by which core is recruited from LD into nascent virus particles is not well understood . To investigate the kinetics of core trafficking , we deve... | Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infects almost 200 million people worldwide , causing both acute and chronic liver disease . Although some antiviral treatments exist , they are not fully effective against all HCV genotypes and have serious side effects . In order to develop more effective treatment strategies , a better unde... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Trafficking of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein during Virus Particle Assembly |
In recent years , the field of network science has enabled researchers to represent the highly complex interactions in the brain in an approachable yet quantitative manner . One exciting finding since the advent of brain network research was that the brain network can withstand extensive damage , even to highly connect... | Why can the brain endure numerous micro-strokes with seemingly no detrimental impact , until one cataclysmal stroke hinders the ability to perform essential functions such as speech and mobility ? Perhaps various small regions or foci of the brain are highly important to information transfer , and the loss of such high... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"fmri",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"neuroimaging",
"engineering"
] | 2013 | The Human Functional Brain Network Demonstrates Structural and Dynamical Resilience to Targeted Attack |
A number of open questions in human evolutionary genetics would become tractable if we were able to directly measure evolutionary fitness . As a step towards this goal , we developed a method to examine whether individual genetic variants , or sets of genetic variants , currently influence viability . The approach cons... | Our global understanding of adaptation in humans is limited to indirect statistical inferences from patterns of genetic variation , which are sensitive to past selection pressures . We introduced a method that allowed us to directly observe ongoing selection in humans by identifying genetic variants that affect surviva... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"alleles",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"coronary",
"heart",
"disease",
"families",
"genetic",
"epidemiology",
"cardiology",
"epidemiology",
"endocrinology",
"genetic",
"loci",
"people",
... | 2017 | Identifying genetic variants that affect viability in large cohorts |
Alternative splicing controls the activity of many proteins important for neuronal excitation , but the signal-transduction pathways that affect spliced isoform expression are not well understood . One particularly interesting system of alternative splicing is exon 21 ( E21 ) of the NMDA receptor 1 ( NMDAR1 E21 ) , whi... | Multiple mechanisms direct changes in neuronal activity in response to external stimuli , ranging from short-acting modifications of membrane proteins to longer-acting changes in gene expression . A frequently regulated step in gene expression is the pre-mRNA splicing reaction in which the inclusion of exons ( protein-... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"in",
"vitro",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Depolarization and CaM Kinase IV Modulate NMDA Receptor Splicing through Two Essential RNA Elements |
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most commonly occurring soft-tissue sarcoma in childhood . Most rhabdomyosarcoma falls into one of two biologically distinct subgroups represented by alveolar or embryonal histology . The alveolar subtype harbors a translocation-mediated PAX3:FOXO1A fusion gene and has an extremely poor prognosi... | Rare childhood cancers can be paradigms from which important new principles can be discerned . The childhood muscle cancer rhabdomyosarcoma is no exception , having been the focus of the original 1969 description by Drs . Li and Fraumeni of a syndrome now know to be commonly caused by underlying p53 tumor suppressor lo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Ethics",
"statement"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"model",
"organisms",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"mouse"
] | 2014 | Cell-Cycle Dependent Expression of a Translocation-Mediated Fusion Oncogene Mediates Checkpoint Adaptation in Rhabdomyosarcoma |
Evolutionary theory has produced two conflicting paradigms for the adaptation of a polygenic trait . While population genetics views adaptation as a sequence of selective sweeps at single loci underlying the trait , quantitative genetics posits a collective response , where phenotypic adaptation results from subtle all... | It is still an open question how complex traits adapt to new selection pressures . While population genetics champions the search for selective sweeps , quantitative genetics proclaims adaptation via small concerted frequency shifts . To date the empirical evidence of clear sweep signals is more scarce than expected , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"epistasis",
"mutation",
"genome",
"analysis",
"trait",
"locus",
"analysis",
"crystallographic",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"genetic",
"loci",
"phenotypes",
"natural",
"selection",
"heredity",
"evolutionary",
... | 2019 | Polygenic adaptation: From sweeps to subtle frequency shifts |
Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( KSHV/HHV-8 ) is the causal agent of all forms of Kaposi sarcoma . Molecular epidemiology of the variable K1 region identified five major subtypes exhibiting a clear geographical clustering . The present study is designed to gain new insights into the KSHV epidemiology and genet... | Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( KSHV/HHV-8 ) is the causal agent of one of the most frequent skin tumors found endemically or epidemically associated to HIV in Central and Eastern Africa . This highly variable virus tends to cluster geographically according to specific major subtypes . Its prevalence is high ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"virology",
"epidemiology",
"disease",
"surveillance",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"disease",
"d... | 2014 | Epidemiology and Genetic Variability of HHV-8/KSHV in Pygmy and Bantu Populations in Cameroon |
The conserved protein kinase Sch9 is a central player in the nutrient-induced signaling network in yeast , although only few of its direct substrates are known . We now provide evidence that Sch9 controls the vacuolar proton pump ( V-ATPase ) to maintain cellular pH homeostasis and ageing . A synthetic sick phenotype a... | The evolutionary conserved TOR complex 1 controls growth in response to the quality and quantity of nutrients such as carbon and amino acids . The protein kinase Sch9 is the main TORC1 effector in yeast . However , only few of its direct targets are known . In this study , we performed a genome-wide screening looking f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"vacuoles",
"carbohydrates",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"physiological",
"processes",
"fungi",
"homeostasis",
"amino",
"acids",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",... | 2017 | The yeast protein kinase Sch9 adjusts V-ATPase assembly/disassembly to control pH homeostasis and longevity in response to glucose availability |
The phenotype of the spontaneous mutant mouse hop-sterile ( hop ) is characterized by a hopping gait , polydactyly , hydrocephalus , and male sterility . Previous analyses of the hop mouse revealed a deficiency of inner dynein arms in motile cilia and a lack of sperm flagella , potentially accounting for the hydrocepha... | The Hedgehog ( Hh ) signaling pathway determines pattern formation in many developing tissues , e . g . , during digit formation in the limbs , by regulating proteins of the Gli family . Activation of these proteins requires their transport to the tip of the primary cilium ( an antenna-like sensory structure of the cel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"morphogens",
"signal",
"transduction",
"developmental",
"biology",
"embryonic",
"pattern",
"formation",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"development",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"morphogenesis",
"cell",
"signaling",
"pattern",
"formation",
"cell",
"fate",
"d... | 2014 | A Mutation in the Mouse Ttc26 Gene Leads to Impaired Hedgehog Signaling |
There are 10× more bacterial cells in our bodies from the microbiome than human cells . Viral DNA is known to integrate in the human genome , but the integration of bacterial DNA has not been described . Using publicly available sequence data from the human genome project , the 1000 Genomes Project , and The Cancer Gen... | There are 10× more bacterial cells in the human body than there are human cells that are part of the human microbiome . Many of those bacteria are in constant , intimate contact with human cells . We sought to establish if bacterial cells insert their own DNA into the human genome . Such random mutations could cause di... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"sequencing",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"genome",
"complexity",
"metagenomics",
"genome",
"evolution",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genomic",
"evolution",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology",
"bacterial",
... | 2013 | Bacteria-Human Somatic Cell Lateral Gene Transfer Is Enriched in Cancer Samples |
Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high throughput sequencing ( ChIP-Seq ) has been successfully used for genome-wide profiling of transcription factor binding sites , histone modifications , and nucleosome occupancy in many model organisms and humans . Because the compact genomes of prokaryotes harbor many bind... | Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high throughput sequencing ( ChIP-Seq ) is widely used for studying in vivo protein-DNA interactions genome-wide . Current state-of-the-art ChIP-Seq protocols utilize single-end tag ( SET ) assay which only sequences ends of DNA fragments in the library . Although paired-end ta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | dPeak: High Resolution Identification of Transcription Factor Binding Sites from PET and SET ChIP-Seq Data |
The FLP enzyme catalyzes recombination between specific target sequences in DNA . Here we use FLP to temporally and spatially control gene expression in the nematode C . elegans . Transcription is blocked by the presence of an “off cassette” between the promoter and the coding region of the desired product . The “off c... | Genes turn on and off as a natural part of development . The nematode C . elegans has been an important model system for studying the roles of genes in animal development and physiology . However , worm researchers have had a limited toolkit for controlling gene activation . These drawbacks have been particularly restr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"molecular",
"biology/recombination",
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | Gene Activation Using FLP Recombinase in C. elegans |
Clonorchiasis , caused by the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis , remains a serious public health issue in Asia , especially in China , and its relationship with cholangiocarcinoma has highlighted the importance of C . sinensis infection . Proteins containing tandem repeats ( TRs ) are found in a variety of parasites and... | Clonorchiasis is a neglected tropical disease . The major factor that prevents the effective management of clonorchiasis is a lack of effective diagnostic tools . Proteins containing tandem repeats ( TRs ) , which have been found in a variety of parasites , are known targets of B-cell responses and can be useful for th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"cdna",
"library",
"screening",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"trematodes",
"clonorchis",
"sinensis",
"foodborne",
"trematodiases",
"neglect... | 2018 | Cs1, a Clonorchis sinensis-derived serodiagnostic antigen containing tandem repeats and a signal peptide |
Synapse remodeling is an extremely dynamic process , often regulated by neural activity . Here we show during activity-dependent synaptic growth at the Drosophila NMJ many immature synaptic boutons fail to form stable postsynaptic contacts , are selectively shed from the parent arbor , and degenerate or disappear from ... | The synapse is the fundamental unit of communication between neurons and their target cells . As the nervous system matures , synapses often need to be added , removed , or otherwise remodeled to accommodate the changing needs of the circuit . Such changes are often regulated by the activity of the circuit and are thou... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"signaling",
"mechanisms",
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"and",
"glial",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Glia and Muscle Sculpt Neuromuscular Arbors by Engulfing Destabilized Synaptic Boutons and Shed Presynaptic Debris |
In Arabidopsis , ultraviolet ( UV ) -B-induced photomorphogenesis is initiated by a unique photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 ( UVR8 ) which utilizes its tryptophan residues as internal chromophore to sense UV-B . As a result of UV-B light perception , the UVR8 homodimer shaped by its arginine residues undergoes a con... | Higher plants are able to sense and interpret diverse light signals to modulate their growth . In response to long-wavelength and low-intensity ultraviolet-B ( UV-B ) light , plants establish photomorphogenic development and stress acclimation . UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 ( UVR8 ) is a unique UV-B photoreceptor that trigger... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"signaling",
"plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"molecular",
"development",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Photoactivated UVR8-COP1 Module Determines Photomorphogenic UV-B Signaling Output in Arabidopsis |
The transcription factor DAF-16/forkhead box O ( FOXO ) is a critical longevity determinant in diverse organisms , however the molecular basis of how its transcriptional activity is regulated remains largely unknown . We report that the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of host cell factor 1 ( HCF-1 ) represents a new lon... | One of the key molecules that modulate longevity in evolutionarily diverse organisms is the transcription factor DAF-16/FOXO . Despite its importance in aging and other biological processes , how DAF-16/FOXO activity is regulated in the nucleus is largely unknown . We report a new player important for aging modulation ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | Caenorhabditis elegans HCF-1 Functions in Longevity Maintenance as a DAF-16 Regulator |
Genome dynamics of pathogenic organisms are driven by pathogen and host co-evolution , in which pathogen genomes are shaped to overcome stresses imposed by hosts with various genetic backgrounds through generation of a variety of isolates . This same principle applies to the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and t... | Genetic variations in pathogens , such as the causal agent of rice blast Magnaporthe oryzae , often lead to circumvention of disease-resistance cultivars . Previous genome-wide analyses of model organisms suggest that pathogen effectors are also rapidly evolving , especially in regions with high genome plasticity . How... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Global Genome and Transcriptome Analyses of Magnaporthe oryzae Epidemic Isolate 98-06 Uncover Novel Effectors and Pathogenicity-Related Genes, Revealing Gene Gain and Lose Dynamics in Genome Evolution |
Transformative applications in biomedicine require the discovery of complex regulatory networks that explain the development and regeneration of anatomical structures , and reveal what external signals will trigger desired changes of large-scale pattern . Despite recent advances in bioinformatics , extracting mechanist... | Developmental and regenerative biology experiments are producing a huge number of morphological phenotypes from functional perturbation experiments . However , existing pathway models do not generally explain the dynamic regulation of anatomical shape due to the difficulty of inferring and testing non-linear regulatory... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Inferring Regulatory Networks from Experimental Morphological Phenotypes: A Computational Method Reverse-Engineers Planarian Regeneration |
Bioinformatics plays a key role in supporting the life sciences . In this work , we examine bioinformatics in Jordan , beginning with the current status of bioinformatics education and research , then exploring the challenges of advancing bioinformatics , and finally looking to the future for how Jordanian bioinformati... | Bioinformatics is an important multidisciplinary field for many life sciences . Mathematics , statistics , computer science , and the life sciences join together to breathe life into the discipline of bioinformatics . In Jordan , rapid progress in life science , research , and healthcare have created a demand for the b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Current",
"status",
"Challenges",
"to",
"the",
"growth",
"of",
"bioinformatics",
"in",
"Jordan",
"Future",
"directions",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"jordan",
"geographical",
"locations",
"database",
"searching",
"scientists",
"genome",
"analysis",
"science",
"and",
"technology",
"workforce",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"perspective",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
... | 2019 | Bioinformatics in Jordan: Status, challenges, and future directions |
Myelodysplastic syndromes ( MDS ) are triggered by an aberrant hematopoietic stem cell ( HSC ) . It is , however , unclear how this clone interferes with physiologic blood formation . In this study , we followed the hypothesis that the MDS clone impinges on feedback signals for self-renewal and differentiation and ther... | Myelodysplastic syndromes are diseases which are characterized by ineffective blood formation . There is accumulating evidence that they are caused by an aberrant hematopoietic stem cell . However , it is yet unclear how this malignant clone suppresses normal hematopoiesis . To this end , we generated mathematical mode... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"hematologic",
"cancers",
"and",
"related",
"disorders",
"mathematical",
"computing",
"mathematics",
"stem",
"cells",
"cell",
"growth",
"mesen... | 2014 | Feedback Signals in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Increased Self-Renewal of the Malignant Clone Suppresses Normal Hematopoiesis |
Tuning curves characterizing the response selectivities of biological neurons can exhibit large degrees of irregularity and diversity across neurons . Theoretical network models that feature heterogeneous cell populations or partially random connectivity also give rise to diverse tuning curves . Empirical tuning curve ... | Neurons in the brain respond selectively to some stimuli or for some motor outputs , but not others . Even within a local brain network , neurons exhibit great diversity in their selectivity patterns . Recently , theorists have highlighted the computational importance of diverse neural selectivity . While many mechanis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"neural",
"networks",
"neuroscience",
"mathematics",
"network",
"analysis",
"distribution",
"curves",
"neuronal",
"tuning",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"statistical",
"distributions",
"curve",
"fitting",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"mathema... | 2019 | Inferring neural circuit structure from datasets of heterogeneous tuning curves |
Despite significant frequencies of lateral gene transfer between species , higher taxonomic groups of bacteria show ecological and phenotypic cohesion . This suggests that barriers prevent panmictic dissemination of genes via lateral gene transfer . We have proposed that most bacterial genomes have a functional archite... | The potential success of horizontal gene transfer events is historically equated to the benefits conferred by encoded products . Here we show that gene transfer events are observed less frequently if the introduced genes disrupt important patterns of genomic information , suggesting that this disruption would confer an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"horizontal",
"gene",
"transfer",
"chromosomal",
"inversions",
"microbiology",
"gene",
"transfer",
"dna",
"replication",
"materials",
"science",
"bacterial",
"genetics",
"dna",
"microbial",
"genetics",
"oligomers",
"microbial",
"genomics",
"materials",
"by... | 2018 | Chromosome architecture constrains horizontal gene transfer in bacteria |
All genomes require a system for avoidance or handling of collisions between the machineries of DNA replication and transcription . We have investigated the roles in this process of the mTERF ( mitochondrial transcription termination factor ) family members mTTF and mTerf5 in Drosophila melanogaster . The two mTTF bind... | All genomes require a system for preventing collisions between the machineries of DNA replication and transcription . We have investigated the roles in this process of two proteins of the mTERF ( mitochondrial transcription termination factor ) family in Drosophila . These factors , mTTF and mTerf5 , share common bindi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Mitochondrial Transcription Terminator Family Members mTTF and mTerf5 Have Opposing Roles in Coordination of mtDNA Synthesis |
Stress-induced transposition is an attractive notion since it is potentially important in creating diversity to facilitate adaptation of the host to severe environmental conditions . One common major stress is radiation-induced DNA damage . Deinococcus radiodurans has an exceptional ability to withstand the lethal effe... | Induction of transposition in prokaryotes under cell stress conditions is potentially important in creating diversity facilitating adaptation to severe environments . In Deinococcus radiodurans , the most radiation-resistant organism known , despite abundance of resident insertion sequences ( IS ) , transposition of a ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Irradiation-Induced Deinococcus radiodurans Genome Fragmentation Triggers Transposition of a Single Resident Insertion Sequence |
Analysis of HIV-1 gene sequences sampled longitudinally from infected individuals can reveal the evolutionary dynamics that underlie associations between disease outcome and viral genetic diversity and divergence . Here we extend a statistical framework to estimate rates of viral molecular adaptation by considering sam... | Since some common approaches to the study of molecular adaptation may not be optimal for answering questions regarding within-host virus evolution , we have developed an alternative approach that estimates an absolute rate of molecular adaptation from serially-sampled viral populations . Here , we extend this framework... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Faster Adaptation in Smaller Populations: Counterintuitive Evolution of HIV during Childhood Infection |
The necessity of a venous blood collection in all dengue diagnostic assays and the high cost of tests that are available for testing during the viraemic period hinder early detection of dengue cases and thus could delay cluster management . This study reports the utility of saliva in an assay that detects dengue virus ... | The importance of laboratory diagnosis of dengue cannot be undermined . In recent years , many dengue diagnostic tools have become available for various stages of the disease , but the one limitation is that they require blood as a specimen for testing . In many incidences , phlebotomy in needle-phobic febrile individu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virology/diagnosis",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | Use of Saliva for Early Dengue Diagnosis |
The temporal and stationary behavior of protein modification cascades has been extensively studied , yet little is known about the spatial aspects of signal propagation . We have previously shown that the spatial separation of opposing enzymes , such as a kinase and a phosphatase , creates signaling activity gradients ... | Living cells detect environmental cues and propagate signals into the cell interior employing signaling cascades of protein modification cycles . A cycle consists of a pair of opposing enzymes controlling the activation and deactivation of a protein , where the active form transmits the signal to the next cascade level... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biophysics/cell",
"signaling",
"and",
"trafficking",
"structures"
] | 2009 | Positional Information Generated by Spatially Distributed Signaling Cascades |
Autophagy , an ancient and highly conserved intracellular degradation process , is viewed as a critical component of innate immunity because of its ability to deliver cytosolic bacteria to the lysosome . However , the role of bacterial autophagy in vivo remains poorly understood . The zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) has emer... | Autophagy , an ancient and highly conserved intracellular degradation process , is viewed as a critical component of innate immunity because of its ability to deliver cytosolic bacteria to the lysosome . However , a complete understanding of the molecules and mechanisms restricting cytosolic bacteria has not been obtai... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"zebrafish",
"cellular",
"structures",
"gram",
"negative",
"model",
"organisms",
"immune",
"cells",
"cytoskeleton",
"immunity",
"immunologic",
"subspecialties",
"innate",
"immunity",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"host-pathogen",
"inter... | 2013 | The Zebrafish as a New Model for the In Vivo Study of Shigella flexneri Interaction with Phagocytes and Bacterial Autophagy |
To guide control policies , it is important that the determinants of influenza transmission are fully characterized . Such assessment is complex because the risk of influenza infection is multifaceted and depends both on immunity acquired naturally or via vaccination and on the individual level of exposure to influenza... | Influenza causes an estimated three to five million severe illnesses worldwide each year . In order to guide control policies it is important to determine the key risk factors for transmission . This is often done by studying transmission in households but in the past , analysis of such data has suffered from important... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"plant",
"science",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"population",
"modeling",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"influenza",
"plant",
"pathology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"m... | 2014 | Determinants of Influenza Transmission in South East Asia: Insights from a Household Cohort Study in Vietnam |
Human Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathies ( HSANs ) are characterized by insensitivity to pain , sometimes combined with self-mutilation . Strikingly , several sporting dog breeds are particularly affected by such neuropathies . Clinical signs appear in young puppies and consist of acral analgesia , with or witho... | In this study , we present a canine neuropathy characterized by insensitivity to pain in the feet , sometimes combined with self-mutilation described in four sporting breeds . This particular phenotype has the clinical hallmarks of human Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathies ( HSAN ) . As we hypothesized that a mon... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"animal",
"types",
"vertebrates",
"pets",
"and",
"companion",
"animals",
"dogs",
"animals",
"mammals",
"long",
"non-coding",
"rnas",
"genome",
"analysis",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology... | 2016 | A Point Mutation in a lincRNA Upstream of GDNF Is Associated to a Canine Insensitivity to Pain: A Spontaneous Model for Human Sensory Neuropathies |
All cells must adapt to rapidly changing conditions . The heat shock response ( HSR ) is an intracellular signaling pathway that maintains proteostasis ( protein folding homeostasis ) , a process critical for survival in all organisms exposed to heat stress or other conditions that alter the folding of the proteome . Y... | All cells have to adjust to frequent changes in their environmental conditions . The heat shock response is a signaling pathway critical for survival of all organisms exposed to elevated temperatures . Under such conditions , the heat shock response maintains enzymes and other proteins in a properly folded state . The ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Heat Shock Transcription Factor σ32 Co-opts the Signal Recognition Particle to Regulate Protein Homeostasis in E. coli |
We have characterized the conformational ensembles of polyglutamine peptides of various lengths ( ranging from to ) , both with and without the presence of a C-terminal polyproline hexapeptide . For this , we used state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations combined with a novel statistical analysis to characterize... | Nine neurodegenerative diseases are caused by polyglutamine ( polyQ ) expansions greater than a given threshold in proteins with little or no homology except for the polyQ regions . The diseases all share a common feature: the formation of polyQ aggregates and eventual neuronal death . Using molecular dynamics simulati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"physics",
"chemistry",
"chemical",
"biology",
"chemical",
"physics",
"biophysics"
] | 2012 | Are Long-Range Structural Correlations Behind the Aggregration Phenomena of Polyglutamine Diseases? |
Fasciola hepatica is the causative agent of fascioliasis , a disease affecting grazing animals , causing economic losses in global agriculture and currently being an important human zoonosis . Overuse of chemotherapeutics against fascioliasis has increased the populations of drug resistant parasites . F . hepatica cath... | Fascioliosis is considered an emerging disease in humans , causing important losses in global agriculture through the infection of livestock animals . The outcome of resistant parasites has increased the search for new drugs which may contribute to disease control . In recent decades , Fasciola cathepsins ( FhCs ) have... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Insights into the Interactions of Fasciola hepatica Cathepsin L3 with a Substrate and Potential Novel Inhibitors through In Silico Approaches |
In recent decades , numerous studies have sought to better understand the mechanisms underlying the compatibility between Biomphalaria glabrata and Schistosoma mansoni . The developments of comparative transcriptomics , comparative genomics , interactomics and more targeted approaches have enabled researchers to identi... | Schistosomiasis is the second most widespread human tropical parasitic disease after malaria . It is caused by flatworms of the genus Schistosoma , and poses a considerable threat for human health in numerous Asian , African and South American countries . The World Health Organization has set the goal of eradicating sc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"helminths",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"parasitology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"gastropods",
"sporocysts",
"genome"... | 2017 | A multistrain approach to studying the mechanisms underlying compatibility in the interaction between Biomphalaria glabrata and Schistosoma mansoni |
Envenoming by coral snakes ( Elapidae: Micrurus ) , although not abundant , represent a serious health threat in the Americas , especially because antivenoms are scarce . The development of adequate amounts of antielapidic serum for the treatment of accidents caused by snakes like Micrurus corallinus is a challenging t... | Coral snakes are a group of deadly venomous snakes that exhibit a characteristic red , yellow/white , and black coloured banding pattern . Accidents involving these snakes tend to be very severe or even lethal , causing peripheral nervous system depression with muscle paralysis and vasomotor instability . The only acce... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"crystal",
"structure",
"immunology",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"reptiles",
"dna",... | 2016 | A Heterologous Multiepitope DNA Prime/Recombinant Protein Boost Immunisation Strategy for the Development of an Antiserum against Micrurus corallinus (Coral Snake) Venom |
Neuropilin 1 ( Nrp1 ) is a coreceptor for vascular endothelial growth factor A165 ( VEGF-A165 , VEGF-A164 in mice ) and semaphorin 3A ( SEMA3A ) . Nevertheless , Nrp1 null embryos display vascular defects that differ from those of mice lacking either VEGF-A164 or Sema3A proteins . Furthermore , it has been recently rep... | The vascular system is a hierarchical network of blood vessels lined by endothelial cells that , by means of the transmembrane integrin proteins , bind to the surrounding proteinaceous extracellular matrix ( ECM ) . Integrins are required for proper cardiovascular development and exist in bent ( inactive ) and extended... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders"
] | 2009 | Neuropilin-1/GIPC1 Signaling Regulates α5β1 Integrin Traffic and Function in Endothelial Cells |
Evolution is driven by mutations , which lead to new protein functions but come at a cost to protein stability . Non-conservative substitutions are of interest in this regard because they may most profoundly affect both function and stability . Accordingly , organisms must balance the benefit of accepting advantageous ... | Evolutionary innovation through mutation is important for adaptation , thus ultimately survival of all species . Proteins , the main actors of cellular life , are generally only marginally stable in the cell and sensitive to mutations . This raises the question how the emergence of new functions is balanced with the de... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"biochemistry",
"protein",
"synthesis",
"protein",
"interactions",
"genome",
"evolution",
"proteins",
"protein",
"folding",
"chaperone",
"proteins",
"protein",
"structure",
"evolutionary",
"modeling",
"biology",
"and",
"... | 2014 | Interplay between Chaperones and Protein Disorder Promotes the Evolution of Protein Networks |
Directing stem cell fate requires knowledge of how signaling networks integrate temporally and spatially segregated stimuli . We developed and validated a computational model of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 ( Stat3 ) pathway kinetics , a signaling network involved in embryonic stem cell ( ESC ) se... | Directing stem cell fate requires knowledge of how intracellular signaling pathways integrate environmental stimuli to make decisions to stay as stem cells ( self-renew ) or to differentiate into specific functional cell types . We developed and validated a computational model of signal transducer and activator of tran... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"oncology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mathematics",
"cell",
"biology",
"in",
"vitro",
"computational",
"biology",
"chemical",
"biology",
"animals",
"mus",
"(mouse)"
] | 2007 | Sensitivity Analysis of Intracellular Signaling Pathway Kinetics Predicts Targets for Stem Cell Fate Control |
The filoviruses , Marburg and Ebola , are non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses causing severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in humans and nonhuman primates . The sequence of events that leads to release of filovirus particles from cells is poorly understood . Two contrasting mechanisms have been prop... | The filoviruses , Marburg and Ebola , cause lethal hemorrhagic fever and are highest-priority bioterrorism agents . Filovirus particles contain a rod-like nucleocapsid and are normally filamentous , though other shapes are seen . It is poorly understood how such large filamentous particles are assembled and released fr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virion",
"structure,",
"assembly,",
"and",
"egress",
"cell",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"virology",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Electron Tomography Reveals the Steps in Filovirus Budding |
Infection with the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania mexicana causes chronic disease in C57BL/6 mice , in which cutaneous lesions persist for many months with high parasite burdens ( 107–108 parasites ) . This chronic disease process requires host IL-10 and FcγRIII . When Leishmania amastigotes are released f... | Leishmania mexicana is a single-celled parasite that causes chronic skin disease in humans and mice . Antibodies on the surface of parasites lead to the production of a protein called interleukin-10 ( IL-10 ) , which blocks an effective immune response needed to kill parasites and resolve skin lesions . In mice , IL-10... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | Leishmania mexicana Infection Induces IgG to Parasite Surface Glycoinositol Phospholipids that Can Induce IL-10 in Mice and Humans |
RNA polymerase I ( Pol I ) synthesizes ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) in all eukaryotes , accounting for the major part of transcriptional activity in proliferating cells . Although basal Pol I transcription factors have been characterized in diverse organisms , the molecular basis of the robust rRNA production in vivo remains... | The production of ribosomes , cellular factories of protein synthesis , is an essential process driving proliferation and cell growth . Ribosome biogenesis is controlled at the level of synthesis of its components , ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA . In eukaryotes , RNA polymerase I is dedicated to transcribe the r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"cell",
"physiology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"purification",
"techniques",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"membrane",
"staining",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"fungi",
"transcription",
"factors",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"extraction",
"techn... | 2019 | The C-terminal region of Net1 is an activator of RNA polymerase I transcription with conserved features from yeast to human |
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ( SMA ) is caused by diminished function of the Survival of Motor Neuron ( SMN ) protein , but the molecular pathways critical for SMA pathology remain elusive . We have used genetic approaches in invertebrate models to identify conserved SMN loss of function modifier genes . Drosophila melanoga... | Spinal Muscular Atrophy ( SMA ) is a common , untreatable , and often fatal neuromuscular disease predominately caused by reduced Survival Motor Neuron ( SMN ) protein function . Here , we use invertebrate models to identify and validate conserved genes that play a critical role in SMN loss of function neuromuscular de... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neurological",
"disorders/neuromuscular",
"diseases",
"neurological",
"disorders/spinal",
"disorders",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"neurological",
"disorders/neurogenetics",
"neuroscience/neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration"
] | 2010 | Conserved Genes Act as Modifiers of Invertebrate SMN Loss of Function Defects |
The vacuolating toxin VacA , released by Helicobacter pylori , is an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcers . VacA contains two subunits: The p58 subunit mediates entry into target cells , and the p34 subunit mediates targeting to mitochondria and is essential for toxicity... | VacA is a toxic protein produced by Helicobacter pylori , the bacteria that cause gastritis and ulcer diseases . p34 , the toxic component of VacA , is known to damage mitochondria , defined cell organelles in the target cells . However , both the mechanism of mitochondrial targeting and the toxic activity inside the m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"biophysics/membrane",
"proteins",
"and",
"energy",
"transduction"
] | 2010 | Helicobacter pylori VacA Toxin/Subunit p34: Targeting of an Anion Channel to the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane |
Polyomaviruses are a family of DNA tumor viruses that are known to infect mammals and birds . To investigate the deeper evolutionary history of the family , we used a combination of viral metagenomics , bioinformatics , and structural modeling approaches to identify and characterize polyomavirus sequences associated wi... | Polyomaviruses are a family of DNA-based viruses that are known to infect various terrestrial vertebrates , including humans . In this report , we describe our discovery of highly divergent polyomaviruses associated with various marine fish . Searches of public deep sequencing databases unexpectedly revealed the existe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"viruses",
"dna",
"viruses",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analy... | 2016 | The Ancient Evolutionary History of Polyomaviruses |
Information on the growth rate and metabolism of microbial pathogens that cause long-term chronic infections is limited , reflecting the absence of suitable tools for measuring these parameters in vivo . Here , we have measured the replication and physiological state of Leishmania mexicana parasites in murine inflammat... | Microbial pathogens can adapt to changing conditions in their hosts by switching between different growth and physiological states . However , current methods for measuring microbial physiology in vivo are limited , hampering detailed dissection of host-pathogen interactions . Here we have used heavy water labeling to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Characterization of Metabolically Quiescent Leishmania Parasites in Murine Lesions Using Heavy Water Labeling |
The genetic determination of eggshell coloration has not been determined in birds . Here we report that the blue eggshell is caused by an EAV-HP insertion that promotes the expression of SLCO1B3 gene in the uterus ( shell gland ) of the oviduct in chicken . In this study , the genetic map location of the blue eggshell ... | The eggshell color of birds is of wide interest , but the molecular basis remained unknown until our discovery , reported here . The blue eggshell is found not only in wild birds but also in domestic fowls . In this study , we identified that blue eggshell in chickens from different geographical regions is caused by a ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mutation",
"haplotypes",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"natural",
"selection",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"population",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | An EAV-HP Insertion in 5′ Flanking Region of SLCO1B3 Causes Blue Eggshell in the Chicken |
Coherent angular rotation of epithelial cells is thought to contribute to many vital physiological processes including tissue morphogenesis and glandular formation . However , factors regulating this motion , and the implications of this motion if perturbed , remain incompletely understood . In the current study , we a... | Epithelial and endothelial cells that line various cavities and the vasculature in our bodies , are tightly connected to each other and exist as sheets . Upon confinement in two-dimensional geometries , these cells exhibit rotational motion , which has also been observed in vivo and implicated in physiological processe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Coherent Motion of Monolayer Sheets under Confinement and Its Pathological Implications |
Plants have evolved sophisticated systems for adaptation to their natural habitat . In response to developmental and environmental cues , plants produce and perceive jasmonate ( JA ) signals , which induce degradation of JASMONATE-ZIM-Domain ( JAZ ) proteins and derepress the JAZ-repressed transcription factors to regu... | Plants live in fixed places and have to evolve sophisticated systems for adaptation to their frequently changing environment . Plant hormones are essential for the regulation of these sophisticated systems which coordinately control plant growth , development , reproduction and defense . Jasmonates ( JAs ) , a new clas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"pests",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"and",
"algal",
"models",
"plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"plant",
"pathology",
"biology",
"arabidopsis",
"thaliana"
] | 2013 | The bHLH Subgroup IIId Factors Negatively Regulate Jasmonate-Mediated Plant Defense and Development |
The α-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked protein ( ATRX ) is a chromatin-remodeling factor known to regulate DNA methylation at repetitive sequences of the human genome . We have previously demonstrated that ATRX binds to pericentric heterochromatin domains in mouse oocytes at the metaphase II stage where it is in... | The transmission of an abnormal chromosome complement from the gametes to the early embryo , a condition called aneuploidy , is a major cause of congenital birth defects and pregnancy loss . Human embryos are particularly susceptible to aneuploidy , which in the majority of cases is the result of abnormal meiosis in th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/germ",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology/embryology",
"molecular",
"biology/histone",
"modification",
"molecular",
"biology/centromeres",
"developmental",
"biology/aging",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"genetics",
"and",
"g... | 2010 | Loss of Maternal ATRX Results in Centromere Instability and Aneuploidy in the Mammalian Oocyte and Pre-Implantation Embryo |
Regeneration of lost tissues depends on the precise interpretation of molecular signals that control and coordinate the onset of proliferation , cellular differentiation and cell death . However , the nature of those molecular signals and the mechanisms that integrate the cellular responses remain largely unknown . The... | Planarians , thanks to their extraordinary regenerative capacity , represent a unique model of animal regeneration . After amputation , new animals regenerate from each individual piece of tissue , leading Dalyell to describe them as “immortal under the edge of the knife” in 1814 . Planarians also continuously renew th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"function",
"developmental",
"biology",
"growth",
"control",
"cell",
"fate",
"determination",
"organism",
"development",
"stem",
"cells",
"animal",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"regeneration",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"types... | 2014 | JNK Controls the Onset of Mitosis in Planarian Stem Cells and Triggers Apoptotic Cell Death Required for Regeneration and Remodeling |
Insulin and its receptor are critical for the regulation of metabolic functions , but the mechanisms underlying insulin receptor ( IR ) trafficking to the plasma membrane are not well understood . Here , we show that Bardet Biedl Syndrome ( BBS ) proteins are necessary for IR localization to the cell surface . We demon... | A main function of the hormone insulin in the body is to regulate metabolism of glucose . The hormone causes body cells in different organs and tissues to utilize glucose from the bloodstream , storing the excess amount . Insulin resistance which reflects the inability of insulin to properly regulate glucose metabolism... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Regulation of Insulin Receptor Trafficking by Bardet Biedl Syndrome Proteins |
We herein describe the positional identification of a 2-bp deletion in the open reading frame of the MRC2 receptor causing the recessive Crooked Tail Syndrome in cattle . The resulting frame-shift reveals a premature stop codon that causes nonsense-mediated decay of the mutant messenger RNA , and the virtual absence of... | Livestock are being subject to intense artificial selection aimed at ever-increasing , sometimes extreme , production phenotypes . This is well-illustrated by the exceptional muscular hypertrophy characterizing the “double-muscled” Belgian Blue Cattle Breed ( BBCB ) . We herein identify a loss-of-function mutation of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics"
] | 2009 | Balancing Selection of a Frame-Shift Mutation in the MRC2 Gene Accounts for the Outbreak of the Crooked Tail Syndrome in Belgian Blue Cattle |
Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes are essential to host defense against Toxoplasma gondii , Listeria monocytogenes and other infections . During T . gondii infection impaired inflammatory monocyte emigration results in severe inflammation and failure to control parasite replication . However , the T . gondii factors that el... | Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite that can infect all warm blooded animals , but rodent species are considered the primary reservoirs . Mice that are infected with T . gondii become more resistant to lethal infection with other pathogens . Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes are innate immune cells that are critic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"protozoan",
"infections",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"listeriosis",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"toxoplas... | 2014 | Toxoplasma gondii Profilin Promotes Recruitment of Ly6Chi CCR2+ Inflammatory Monocytes That Can Confer Resistance to Bacterial Infection |
Intense spiking response of a memory-pattern is believed to play a crucial role both in normal learning and pathology , where it can create biased behavior . We recently proposed a novel model for memory amplification where the simultaneous two-fold increase of all excitatory ( AMPAR-mediated ) and inhibitory ( GABAAR-... | Amplifying the strength of a neuronal assembly that underlies a behavioral choice can lead to a particularly long lasting dominant memory . We report experimental and theoretical evidence for a long-term mechanism that amplifies the response of a neuronal assembly which we termed “memory amplification mechanism” . The ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
... | 2017 | Real Time Multiplicative Memory Amplification Mediated by Whole-Cell Scaling of Synaptic Response in Key Neurons |
Understanding the genetic , structural , and biophysical mechanisms that caused protein functions to evolve is a central goal of molecular evolutionary studies . Ancestral sequence reconstruction ( ASR ) offers an experimental approach to these questions . Here we use ASR to shed light on the earliest functions and evo... | A central question in molecular evolution is how changes in the genetic , structural , and biophysical properties of proteins generate new functions . Ancestral sequence reconstruction ( ASR ) allows long-extinct proteins to be resurrected and characterized in the laboratory and allows the mechanisms for evolutionary s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetic",
"mutation",
"gene",
"function",
"mutation",
"phylogenetics",
"protein",
"folding",
"protein",
"structure",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"divergent",
"evolution",
"forms",
"of",
"evolution",
"proteins",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"systematics",
"biophysics",
"physic... | 2011 | Mechanisms for the Evolution of a Derived Function in the Ancestral Glucocorticoid Receptor |
The causal agent of Huanglongbing disease , ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ , is a non-culturable , gram negative , phloem-limited α-proteobacterium . Current methods to control the spread of this disease are still limited to the removal and destruction of infected trees . In this study , we identified and characte... | The rapid expansion of Huanglongbing disease ( HLB ) has caused a severe crisis in the citrus industry , with no solution visible in the near future . The causative agent , ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ , is an unculturable bacterium under common laboratory conditions , which has made it difficult to gain underst... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"bacteriology",
"biochemistry",
"gram",
"negative",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"small",
"molecules",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",... | 2014 | The Transcriptional Activator LdtR from ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ Mediates Osmotic Stress Tolerance |
An important unresolved problem associated with actomyosin motors is the role of Brownian motion in the process of force generation . On the basis of structural observations of myosins and actins , the widely held lever-arm hypothesis has been proposed , in which proteins are assumed to show sequential structural chang... | Myosin II is a molecular motor that is fueled by ATP hydrolysis and generates mechanical force by interacting with actin filament . Comparison among various myosin structures obtained by X-ray and electron microscope analyses has led to the hypothesis that structural change of myosin in ATP hydrolysis cycle is the driv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
"complexes",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"biophysics",
"theory",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"chemistry",
"physical",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"biophysics",... | 2014 | Coupling of Lever Arm Swing and Biased Brownian Motion in Actomyosin |
The stress of living conditions , similar to infections , alters animal immunity . High population density is empirically considered to induce prophylactic immunity to reduce the infection risk , which was challenged by a model of low connectivity between infectious and susceptible individuals in crowded animals . The ... | The wide application of fungal biopesticides for insect management has led to concerns over the development of biopesticide resistance . The migratory locust , a globally notorious agricultural pest , has density-dependent phase changes between solitary and gregarious states . The gregarious locusts displayed longer li... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"pesticides",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"immunity",
"pest",
"control",
"innate",
"immunity",
"immunology",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"agriculture"
] | 2013 | Altered Immunity in Crowded Locust Reduced Fungal (Metarhizium anisopliae) Pathogenesis |
Trypanosoma cruzi , the agent of Chagas disease , is a protozoan parasite transmitted to humans by blood-sucking triatomine vectors . However , and despite its utmost biological and epidemiological relevance , T . cruzi development inside the digestive tract of the insect remains a poorly understood process . Here we s... | Chagas disease , caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi , is a life-long and debilitating neglected illness of major significance to Latin America public health , for which no vaccine or adequate drugs are yet available . In this scenario , identification of novel drug targets and/or strategies aimed at controlling ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"cloning",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"protozoans",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"epimastigotes"... | 2019 | Trypanosoma cruzi surface mucins are involved in the attachment to the Triatoma infestans rectal ampoule |
HIV-1 latency remains a formidable barrier towards virus eradication as therapeutic attempts to purge these reservoirs are so far unsuccessful . The pool of transcriptionally silent proviruses is established early in infection and persists for a lifetime , even when viral loads are suppressed below detection levels usi... | Combination therapy can suppress the viral load in HIV-1 infected individuals to undetectable levels , but does not lead to complete virus eradication . Even after many years of successful therapy the virus is still present in long-lived cells as a latently integrated provirus . HIV-1 can re-establish systemic infectio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viral",
"immune",
"evasion",
"viral",
"persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | Dendritic Cell-induced Activation of Latent HIV-1 Provirus in Actively Proliferating Primary T Lymphocytes |
CELADEN was a randomized placebo-controlled trial of 50 patients with confirmed dengue fever to evaluate the efficacy and safety of celgosivir ( A study registered at ClinicalTrials . gov , number NCT01619969 ) . Celgosivir was given as a 400 mg loading dose and 200 mg bid ( twice a day ) over 5 days . Replication comp... | Dengue virus is currently threatening 40% of the world’s population . An approximately 60% efficacious vaccine has been registered for use in Mexico , Brazil , the Philippines , Paraguay and El Salvador , but there are no approved antiviral treatments available . We have shown that celgosivir , an endoplasmic reticulum... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"body",
"fluids",
"dose",
"prediction",
"methods",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"blood",
"counts",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseas... | 2016 | Extended Evaluation of Virological, Immunological and Pharmacokinetic Endpoints of CELADEN: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Celgosivir in Dengue Fever Patients |
Escherichia coli O157∶H7 is a human enteric pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis which can progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome , a severe kidney disease with immune involvement . During infection , E . coli O157∶H7 secretes StcE , a metalloprotease that promotes the formation of attaching and effacing lesions and... | Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ( EHEC ) poses a significant threat to the U . S . food supply , causing foodborne gastrointestinal disease in humans that can progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome ( HUS ) , a potentially fatal kidney disease . Research suggests that EHEC strains are growing more virulent , resulting... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",... | 2009 | Modulation of Neutrophil Function by a Secreted Mucinase of Escherichia coli O157∶H7 |
Pulmonary mycoses are often associated with type-2 helper T ( Th2 ) cell responses . However , mechanisms of Th2 cell accumulation are multifactorial and incompletely known . To investigate Th2 cell responses to pulmonary fungal infection , we developed a peptide-MHCII tetramer to track antigen-specific CD4+ T cells pr... | Humans often inhale potentially pathogenic fungi in the environment . While CD4+ helper T ( Th ) cells are required for protection against invasive disease , a subset of Th cells , called Th2 cells , are associated with increased mortality and allergy/asthma morbidity . Our study aimed to unravel the cellular and molec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Chitin Recognition via Chitotriosidase Promotes Pathologic Type-2 Helper T Cell Responses to Cryptococcal Infection |
Congenital disorders of glycosylation ( CDG ) are a group of rare metabolic diseases , due to impaired protein and lipid glycosylation . In the present study , exome sequencing was used to identify MAN1B1 as the culprit gene in an unsolved CDG-II patient . Subsequently , 6 additional cases with MAN1B1-CDG were found . ... | Glycosylation concerns the synthesis of sugar chains , their addition onto proteins and/or lipids , and their subsequent modifications . The resulting glycoproteins serve many critical roles in metabolism . The importance of this pathway is illustrated by a group of diseases called Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | MAN1B1 Deficiency: An Unexpected CDG-II |
Mature human B cells infected by Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) become activated , grow , and proliferate . If the cells are infected ex vivo , they are transformed into continuously proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines ( LCLs ) that carry EBV DNA as extra-chromosomal episomes , express 9 latency-associated EBV proteins... | Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) infection can cause several types of cancer associated with its major target in humans , the mature B cell . Furthermore , EBV is one of the most potent transforming agents ever identified , producing—in vitro—‘immortal’ B lymphoblastoid cell lines ( LCLs ) with outstanding reliability . Howe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"... | 2017 | EBV epigenetically suppresses the B cell-to-plasma cell differentiation pathway while establishing long-term latency |
TNF-alpha plays an important role in trypanocidal mechanisms and is related to tissue injury . This cytokine has been detected in the heart of human chagasic patients where it is associated with tissue damage . This study investigated whether TNF-alpha levels and the presence of genetic polymorphisms are associated wit... | Chagas disease is an important parasitic disease that has no cure . The pathogenesis of the disease is still not completely understood . Studies using candidate genes are important to better understand the differences between individuals that lead to such heterogenous disease . TNF-alpha is a cytokine involved in the c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2011 | Genetic and Functional Role of TNF-alpha in the Development Trypanosoma cruzi Infection |
Mitotic repression of rRNA synthesis requires inactivation of the RNA polymerase I ( Pol I ) -specific transcription factor SL1 by Cdk1/cyclin B-dependent phosphorylation of TAFI110 ( TBP-associated factor 110 ) at a single threonine residue ( T852 ) . Upon exit from mitosis , T852 is dephosphorylated by Cdc14B , which... | In metazoans , transcription is arrested during mitosis . Previous studies have established that mitotic repression of cellular transcription is mediated by Cdk1/cyclin B-dependent phosphorylation of basal transcription factors that nucleate transcription complex formation . Repression of rDNA transcription at the onse... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Cooperative Action of Cdk1/cyclin B and SIRT1 Is Required for Mitotic Repression of rRNA Synthesis |
In experimental cultures , when bacteria are mixed with lytic ( virulent ) bacteriophage , bacterial cells resistant to the phage commonly emerge and become the dominant population of bacteria . Following the ascent of resistant mutants , the densities of bacteria in these simple communities become limited by resources... | While it is clear that bacteriophage abound in bacterial communities , their role in the ecology and evolution of these communities remains poorly understood . Fundamental questions remain unanswered , such as , are phage regulating the population densities of their host bacteria ? And how are virulent phage maintained... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"bacteriophages",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"mutation",
"genetic",
"predisposition",
"lysogeny",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"population",
"biology",
"viral",
"replication",
"population",
"metrics",
"point",
... | 2018 | Leaky resistance and the conditions for the existence of lytic bacteriophage |
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that infects a wide range of warm-blooded species . Rats vary in their susceptibility to this parasite . The Toxo1 locus conferring Toxoplasma resistance in rats was previously mapped to a region of chromosome 10 containing Nlrp1 . This gene encodes an inflammasome sensor ... | Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that are a major component of the innate immune system . They contain “sensor” proteins that are responsible for detecting various microbial and environmental danger signals and function by activating caspase-1 , an enzyme that mediates cleavage and release of the pro-inflammato... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"immunity",
"innate",
"immunity",
"toxoplasma",
"gondii",
"immunology",
"protozoology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | Inflammasome Sensor NLRP1 Controls Rat Macrophage Susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii |
In the mammary gland , genetic circuits controlled by estrogen , progesterone , and prolactin , act in concert with pathways regulated by members of the epidermal growth factor family to orchestrate growth and morphogenesis during puberty , pregnancy and lactation . However , the precise mechanisms underlying the cross... | In the mammary gland , genetic circuits controlled by the hormones , estrogen , progesterone and prolactin , act in concert with pathways regulated by members of the epidermal growth factor family to orchestrate growth and morphogenesis during puberty , pregnancy and lactation . We have identified CUZD1 as a novel medi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"maternal",
"health",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"women's",
"health",
"pregnancy",
"animal",
"cell... | 2017 | CUZD1 is a critical mediator of the JAK/STAT5 signaling pathway that controls mammary gland development during pregnancy |
The functional significance of electrical rhythms in the mammalian brain remains uncertain . In the motor cortex , the 12–20 Hz beta rhythm is known to transiently decrease in amplitude during movement , and to be altered in many motor diseases . Here we show that the activity of neuronal populations is phase-coupled w... | We have long known that there are rhythmic oscillations in the mammalian brain . Although the power in these rhythms changes during behavior , their relevance for brain function has been something of a mystery . In this study , the particular role of rhythms in human motor cortex was studied both during rest and during... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"circuit",
"models",
"motor",
"systems",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"neurophysiology"
] | 2012 | Human Motor Cortical Activity Is Selectively Phase-Entrained on Underlying Rhythms |
Previous studies have shown that wild-type human telomerase reverse transcriptase ( hTERT ) protein can functionally replace the human papillomavirus type 16 ( HPV-16 ) E6 protein , which cooperates with the viral E7 protein in the immortalization of primary keratinocytes . In the current study , we made the surprising... | The human papillomaviruses ( HPVs ) are critical elements in the etiology of cervical cancer , as well as several other human cancers . The E6 protein , in combination with the E7 protein of these viruses , immortalizes epithelial cells and increases the expression of the hTERT protein . In the current study we show th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology",
"viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | HPV16 E7 Protein and hTERT Proteins Defective for Telomere Maintenance Cooperate to Immortalize Human Keratinocytes |
Hematophagous mosquitoes serve as vectors of multiple devastating human diseases , and many unique physiological features contribute to the incredible evolutionary success of these insects . These functions place high-energy demands on a reproducing female mosquito , and carbohydrate metabolism ( CM ) must be synchroni... | Mosquitoes transmit numerous devastating human diseases due to their obligatory hematophagy that is required for the efficient reproduction . Metabolism must be synchronized with high energetic needs of a female mosquito for host seeking , blood feeding and rapid egg development . Each reproductive cycle is divided int... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Temporal Coordination of Carbohydrate Metabolism during Mosquito Reproduction |
Besides protein-coding mRNAs , eukaryotic transcriptomes include many long non-protein-coding RNAs ( ncRNAs ) of unknown function that are transcribed away from protein-coding loci . Here , we have identified 659 intergenic long ncRNAs whose genomic sequences individually exhibit evolutionary constraint , a hallmark of... | Virtually all of the eukaryotic genome is transcribed , yet far from all transcripts encode protein . Very little is known about the functions of most non-coding transcripts or , indeed , whether they convey functions at all . Among all such transcripts , we have chosen to consider long non-coding RNAs ( ncRNAs ) that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics",
"neuroscience/neurodevelopment"
] | 2009 | Genomic and Transcriptional Co-Localization of Protein-Coding and Long Non-Coding RNA Pairs in the Developing Brain |
Plants have evolved pathogen-associated molecular pattern ( PAMP ) -triggered immunity ( PTI ) and effector-triggered immunity ( ETI ) to protect themselves from infection by diverse pathogens . Avirulence ( Avr ) effectors that trigger plant ETI as a result of recognition by plant resistance ( R ) gene products have b... | Phytophthora , a group of notorious oomycete pathogens , damages a very wide range of crop , vegetable , pasture and horticultural plants , generating great losses to agricultural production annually . Disease outcomes between plants and Phytophthora pathogens often depend on whether plants carry resistance ( R ) gene-... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"microbiology",
"plant",
"biology",
"plant",
"pathogens",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"plant",
"pathology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Phytophthora sojae Avirulence Effector Avr3b is a Secreted NADH and ADP-ribose Pyrophosphorylase that Modulates Plant Immunity |
Yaws , caused by Treponema pallidum ssp . pertenue , is a neglected tropical disease closely related to venereal syphilis and is targeted for eradication by 2020 . Latent yaws represents a diagnostic challenge , and current tools cannot adequately distinguish between individuals with true latent infection and individua... | Yaws is a bacterial infection closely related to syphilis . The WHO has launched a worldwide campaign to eradicate yaws by 2020 . For each clinically apparent case , many close contacts are infected but do not show clinical signs , which is called latent yaws . Currently , diagnosis for these patients relies on the det... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Failure of PCR to Detect Treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue DNA in Blood in Latent Yaws |
Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) RNA is synthesized by the replicase complex ( RC ) , a macromolecular assembly composed of viral non-structural proteins and cellular co-factors . Inhibitors of the HCV NS5A protein block formation of new RCs but do not affect RNA synthesis by pre-formed RCs . Without new RC formation , existi... | Inhibitors targeting the HCV NS5A protein are a key component of highly effective interferon-free combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C . Despite their high potency against HCV , the precise details of their mode of action are poorly understood . They are known to block assembly and release of virus particles f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nucleic",
"acid",
"synthesis",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"hepacivirus",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"mathematical",
"models",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"... | 2017 | NS5A inhibitors unmask differences in functional replicase complex half-life between different hepatitis C virus strains |
Chromosomal fusion plays a recurring role in the evolution of adaptations and reproductive isolation among species , yet little is known of the evolutionary drivers of chromosomal fusions . Because sex chromosomes ( X and Y in male heterogametic systems , Z and W in female heterogametic systems ) differ in their select... | Chromosome number is a basic feature of the eukaryotic genome that has important consequences for recombination , segregation , and other processes . Despite a century of research on the evolution of karyotype , however , we still have little understanding of the evolutionary forces that enable chromosomal fusions and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Y Fuse? Sex Chromosome Fusions in Fishes and Reptiles |
Malaria and schistosomiasis often overlap in tropical and subtropical countries and impose tremendous disease burdens; however , the extent to which schistosomiasis modifies the risk of febrile malaria remains unclear . We evaluated the effect of baseline S . haematobium mono-infection , baseline P . falciparum mono-in... | The parasitic diseases malaria and schistosomiasis are tremendous public health burdens , each affecting over 200 million people worldwide with substantial geographic overlap in sub-Saharan Africa . Understanding how schistosomiasis influences the human immune response to Plasmodium , the agent of malaria , can be impo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"plasmodium",
"falciparum",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"observational",
"studies",
"research",
"design",
"protozoans",
"cohort",
"st... | 2014 | Co-infection of Long-Term Carriers of Plasmodium falciparum with Schistosoma haematobium Enhances Protection from Febrile Malaria: A Prospective Cohort Study in Mali |
Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen frequently isolated in clinical settings . This organism is intrinsically resistant to several clinically relevant antibiotics and can transfer resistance to other pathogens . Although E . faecalis has emerged as a major nosocomial pathogen , the mechanisms underlying ... | Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal bacterium that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of humans . This organism is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a wide range of life-threatening infections in hospital settings . Despite the identification of several virulence factors , the mechanisms by which E . faecalis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enterococcus",
"infections",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"anim... | 2017 | Bacterial size matters: Multiple mechanisms controlling septum cleavage and diplococcus formation are critical for the virulence of the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis |
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) exacerbations are commonly associated with respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) , rhinovirus ( RV ) and influenza A virus ( IAV ) infection . The ensuing airway inflammation is resistant to the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids ( GCs ) . Viral infectio... | In this study , we investigate how respiratory viral infection interferes with the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoid ( GC ) drugs , which are a highly effective group of anti-inflammatory agents widely used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory airway diseases , including asthma and chronic obstructive pul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"pulmonology",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"v... | 2017 | Glucocorticoid Insensitivity in Virally Infected Airway Epithelial Cells Is Dependent on Transforming Growth Factor-β Activity |
Perceptual decisions are thought to be mediated by a mechanism of sequential sampling and integration of noisy evidence whose temporal weighting profile affects the decision quality . To examine temporal weighting , participants were presented with two brightness-fluctuating disks for 1 , 2 or 3 seconds and were reques... | An important process that supports decision-making is the integration of evidence over time , which optimizes decision quality by enhancing the signal to noise ratio . The nature of this process depends critically on the weight given to evidence across time: which information has more impact—early , intermediate or lat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"decision",
"making",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"numerical",
"integration",
"signal",
"processing",
"experimental",
"design",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"research",
"design",
"mathematics",
"cognition",
"vision",
"inhi... | 2016 | Non-monotonic Temporal-Weighting Indicates a Dynamically Modulated Evidence-Integration Mechanism |
The dynamics of filopodia interacting with the surrounding extracellular matrix ( ECM ) play a key role in various cell-ECM interactions , but their mechanisms of interaction with the ECM in 3D environment remain poorly understood . Based on first principles , here we construct an individual-based , force-based computa... | Cell invasion into a 3D ECM requires substantial cellular traction forces as well as the degradation of ECM . We are interested in how filopodia gain traction forces from the surrounding collagen fibers in the degradable ECM . Thereby , to create the overall computational model , we integrated four modules , each captu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Model"
] | [] | 2015 | Cell Invasion Dynamics into a Three Dimensional Extracellular Matrix Fibre Network |
The molecular genetic mechanisms of sex determination are not known for most vertebrates , including zebrafish . We identified a mutation in the zebrafish fancl gene that causes homozygous mutants to develop as fertile males due to female-to-male sex reversal . Fancl is a member of the Fanconi Anemia/BRCA DNA repair pa... | Zebrafish has become an important model for understanding vertebrate development and human disease , yet the genetic mechanisms that regulate gonad fate to determine zebrafish sex remain elusive . In this work , we describe a mutation in the fancl gene that causes zebrafish to develop exclusively as male due to female-... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/germ",
"cells",
"evolutionary",
"biology/animal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"marine",
"and",
"aquatic",
"sciences/genetics,",
"genomics,",
"and",
"barcoding",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"ma... | 2010 | Sex Reversal in Zebrafish fancl Mutants Is Caused by Tp53-Mediated Germ Cell Apoptosis |
Hypertension is a heritable and major contributor to the global burden of disease . The sum of rare and common genetic variants robustly identified so far explain only 1%–2% of the population variation in BP and hypertension . This suggests the existence of more undiscovered common variants . We conducted a genome-wide... | Hypertension is the leading contributor to global mortality with a global prevalence of 26 . 4% in 2000 , projected to increase to 29 . 2% by 2025 . While 50%–60% of population variation in blood pressure can be attributable to additive genetic factors , all the genetic variants robustly identified so far explain only ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/hypertension",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits"
] | 2010 | Genome-Wide Association Study of Blood Pressure Extremes Identifies Variant near UMOD Associated with Hypertension |
Trachoma is a progressive blinding disease initiated by infection of the conjunctiva with Chlamydia trachomatis . Repeated infections are thought to cause chronic inflammation , which drives scarring , leading to in-turning of the eyelids . The relationship between C . trachomatis , clinical inflammation and scarring d... | Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide and is targeted for elimination as a public health problem by 2020 . The natural history of trachoma is not completely understood however . We conducted a four-year longitudinal study in a trachoma-endemic area of northern Tanzania with detailed follow up... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chlamydia",
"trachomatis",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"research",
"design",
"ag... | 2019 | Progression of scarring trachoma in Tanzanian children: A four-year cohort study |
A recombinant cysteine proteinase from Leishmania ( Leishmania ) infantum chagasi ( rLdccys1 ) was previously shown to induce protective immune responses against murine and canine visceral leishmaniasis . These findings encouraged us to use rLdccys1 in the immunotherapy of naturally infected dogs from Teresina , Piauí ... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is an important public health problem and dogs are the main domestic reservoirs of zoonotic VL which has resulted in an annual incidence of 40 , 100–75 , 500 new human cases . Because canine VL chemotherapy is limited by the low efficacy of drugs currently used for human VL treatment , imm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunity",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"parasitology",
"immunotherapy"
] | 2014 | Use of a Recombinant Cysteine Proteinase from Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi for the Immunotherapy of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis |
Despite decades of use of control programs , schistosomiasis remains a global public health problem . To further reduce prevalence and intensity of infection , or to achieve the goal of elimination in low-endemic areas , there needs to be better diagnostic tools to detect low-intensity infections in low-endemic areas i... | Schistosomiasis remains a serious global public health problem . Detecting parasite eggs in patient stool samples using the KK method is the standard diagnostic recommended by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) for infection by S . mansoni . As a result of intensive control strategies , many previously high-endemic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2019 | Serological proteomic screening and evaluation of a recombinant egg antigen for the diagnosis of low-intensity Schistosoma mansoni infections in endemic area in Brazil |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.