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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Motion tracking is a challenge the visual system has to solve by reading out the retinal population . It is still unclear how the information from different neurons can be combined together to estimate the position of an object . Here we recorded a large population of ganglion cells in a dense patch of salamander and g... | It remains unclear how the brain is able to track the location of moving objects by reading the spike trains received from the retina . To address this question , we recorded a large population of ganglion cells , the retinal output , in a dense patch of salamander and guinea pig retinas while displaying a bar moving i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | High Accuracy Decoding of Dynamical Motion from a Large Retinal Population |
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes play an important role in the protection against viral infections , which they detect through the recognition of virus-derived peptides , presented in the context of MHC class I molecules at the surface of the infected cell . The transporter associated with antigen processing ( TAP ) plays an es... | Herpesviruses have the conspicuous property that they persist for life in the infected host . This is also the case for varicelloviruses , a large subfamily of herpesviruses with representatives in humans ( varicella zoster virus or VZV ) , cattle ( bovine herpesvirus 1 or BHV-1 ) , pigs ( pseudorabies virus or PRV ) ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"immunology/antigen",
"processing",
"and",
"recognition",
"virology/immune",
"evasion"
] | 2008 | Varicellovirus UL49.5 Proteins Differentially Affect the Function of the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing, TAP |
The effect of biodiversity on the ability of parasites to infect their host and cause disease ( i . e . disease risk ) is a major question in pathology , which is central to understand the emergence of infectious diseases , and to develop strategies for their management . Two hypotheses , which can be considered as ext... | Biodiversity has been proposed as a major ecological factor determining disease prevalence . However , the relationship between biodiversity and disease risk remains underexplored . Few studies focus on host-virus systems and , particularly on plant viruses . To address this subject the prevalence of virus infection an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ecology",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"biodiversity",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction"
] | 2012 | Effect of Biodiversity Changes in Disease Risk: Exploring Disease Emergence in a Plant-Virus System |
The mechanism of circadian oscillations in mammals is cell autonomous and is generated by a set of genes that form a transcriptional autoregulatory feedback loop . While these “clock genes” are well conserved among animals , their specific functions remain to be fully understood and their roles in central versus periph... | Although significant progress has been made in unraveling the molecular mechanism of circadian clocks in mammals , previous work has focused on germline mutations and in vitro methods for analysis . To address the function of clock genes , it is necessary to develop tools to manipulate circadian genes in a conditional ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"physiology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Inducible and Reversible Clock Gene Expression in Brain Using the tTA System for the Study of Circadian Behavior |
Ace is an adhesin to collagen from Enterococcus faecalis expressed conditionally after growth in serum or in the presence of collagen . Here , we generated an ace deletion mutant and showed that it was significantly attenuated versus wild-type OG1RF in a mixed infection rat endocarditis model ( P<0 . 0001 ) , while no ... | Enterococcus faecalis was recognized as a common cause of infective endocarditis ( IE ) by the early 1900s . It is still third in community-onset IE , but is the second most common cause of hospital-associated IE . Complications due to E . faecalis IE include congestive heart failure , septic emboli and death and curre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Importance of the Collagen Adhesin Ace in Pathogenesis and Protection against Enterococcus faecalis Experimental Endocarditis |
Pharmacologic stimulation of innate immune processes represents an attractive strategy to achieve multiple therapeutic outcomes including inhibition of virus replication , boosting antitumor immunity , and enhancing vaccine immunogenicity . In light of this we sought to identify small molecules capable of activating th... | STING is a pattern recognition receptor of cyclic dinucleotides as well as an innate immune adaptor protein that enables signaling from cytoplasmic receptors to the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 . Initiation of these pathways leads to the expression of type I interferons and proteins associated wi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Characterization of a Novel Human-Specific STING Agonist that Elicits Antiviral Activity Against Emerging Alphaviruses |
Highly social insects are characterized by caste dimorphism , with distinct size differences of reproductive organs between fertile queens and the more or less sterile workers . An abundance of nutrition or instruction via diet-specific compounds has been proposed as explanations for the nutrition-driven queen and work... | In honeybees , nutrition drives dimorphic size development of reproductive organs in fertile queens and sterile workers . The first induced morphological mutants in honeybees demonstrate that this developmental plasticity requires a genetic program that is switched “ON” by the feminizer ( fem ) gene . | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"honey",
"bees",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"animals",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"social",
"systems",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mutation",
"nutrition",
"nonsense",
"mutation",
"sequence",
"motif",
... | 2019 | A genetic switch for worker nutrition-mediated traits in honeybees |
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain ( NOD ) 2 is a cytosolic protein that plays a defensive role in bacterial infection by sensing peptidoglycans . C5a , which has harmful effects in sepsis , interacts with innate proteins . However , whether NOD2 regulates C5a generation during sepsis remains to be determined . ... | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain ( NOD ) 2 is a cytosolic protein that senses peptidoglycans of bacteria and exerts a defensive effect on bacterial infection . Sepsis is a complex dysregulated inflammatory response in bacterial infection , causing multiple organ dysfunction , coagulopathy , and fatal outcome .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"bacteremia",
"sepsis",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling",
"critical",
"care",
"and",
"emergency",
"medicine"
] | 2013 | NOD2-mediated Suppression of CD55 on Neutrophils Enhances C5a Generation During Polymicrobial Sepsis |
Infectious disease transmission is an inherently spatial process in which a host’s home location and their social mixing patterns are important , with the mixing of infectious individuals often different to that of susceptible individuals . Although incidence data for humans have traditionally been aggregated into low-... | We know that some places have higher rates of infectious disease than others . At the moment , we usually only measure these differences for large towns and cities , though modern data allows us to track movement at much higher resolution . In this paper , we used a computer simulation of an epidemic to propose ways th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"influenza",
"pathogens",
"social",
"sciences",
"human",
"mobility",
"population",
"biology",
"human",
"geography",
"infectious",
"diseases",
... | 2019 | Differential mobility and local variation in infection attack rate |
Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) caused by Leishmania donovani remains of public health concern in rural India . Those at risk of VL are also at risk of other neglected tropical diseases ( NTDs ) including soil transmitted helminths . Intestinal helminths are potent regulators of host immune responses sometimes mediated t... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , also known as kala-azar , is a potentially fatal disease caused by intracellular parasites of the Leishmania donovani complex . VL is a serious public health problem in rural India , causing high morbidity and mortality , as well as major costs to local and national health budgets . Peop... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gut",
"bacteria",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"india",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"protozoans",
"enterobacteriaceae",
"escherichia",
"neglect... | 2019 | Meta-taxonomic analysis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic gut flora in stool samples from visceral leishmaniasis cases and endemic controls in Bihar State India |
Surgical technique , including suture placement and tension , is believed to contribute to the outcome of bilamellar tarsal rotation surgery for trachomatous trichiasis . However , the immediate post-operative appearance that minimizes the chance of recurrence and other adverse outcomes has not been investigated . To e... | Trichiasis is a potentially blinding consequence of trachoma . The World Health Organization has promoted the bilamellar tarsal rotation ( BLTR ) procedure as a treatment for trichiasis from trachoma . Even if trachoma were to be eradicated today , a great number of individuals would still develop trichiasis and lose v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"ophthalmology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"trachoma"
] | 2012 | Relationship between Immediate Post-Operative Appearance and 6-Week Operative Outcome in Trichiasis Surgery |
Enteroviruses ( family of the Picornaviridae ) cover a large group of medically important human pathogens for which no antiviral treatment is approved . Although these viruses have been extensively studied , some aspects of the viral life cycle , in particular morphogenesis , are yet poorly understood . We report the d... | Enteroviruses contain many significant human pathogens , including poliovirus , enterovirus 71 , coxsackieviruses and rhinoviruses . Most enterovirus infections subside mild or asymptomatically , but may also result in severe morbidity and mortality . Here , we report on the mechanism of antiviral action of a small mol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"microbial",
"control",
"... | 2014 | Binding of Glutathione to Enterovirus Capsids Is Essential for Virion Morphogenesis |
Neutrophils ( PMN ) play a central role in host defense against the neglected fungal infection paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) , which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ( Pb ) . PCM is of major importance , especially in Latin America , and its treatment relies on the use of antifungal drug... | PCM triggers a typical granulomatous inflammatory reaction with PMN playing a major role; these inflammatory cells are crucial in the initial stages of PCM , participating in the innate immune reaction and also directing the acquired immune response in the later stages . In some PCM patients , these immune mechanisms a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Low-level Laser Therapy to the Mouse Femur Enhances the Fungicidal Response of Neutrophils against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis |
Fifty years of residual insecticide spraying to control Triatoma infestans in the Gran Chaco region of northern Argentina , Paraguay and Bolivia shows that vertically coordinated interventions aiming at full coverage have limited effects and are unsustainable . We quantified the spatial distribution of T . infestans do... | In the Southern Cone countries of South America , vectorborne transmission of Chagas disease persists in the Gran Chaco region of northern Argentina , Paraguay and Bolivia , where Triatoma infestans is the main vector . More than 50 years of vector control in this region demonstrate that vertically coordinated spraying... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"geography",
"gis",
"zoology",
"entomology",
"epidemiology",
"earth",
"sciences",
"biology",
"population",
"biology",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"cartography"
] | 2012 | Spatial Heterogeneity and Risk Maps of Community Infestation by Triatoma infestans in Rural Northwestern Argentina |
Resistance to macrolide antibiotics is conferred by mutation of A2058 to G or methylation by Erm methyltransferases of the exocyclic N6 of A2058 ( E . coli numbering ) that forms the macrolide binding site in the 50S subunit of the ribosome . Ketolides such as telithromycin mitigate A2058G resistance yet remain suscept... | Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious public health problem that requires the continuous development of new antibiotics . Bacteria acquire resistance to macrolide antibiotics by ( 1 ) effluxing the drug from the cell , ( 2 ) modifying the drug , or ( 3 ) modifying the drug target ( i . e . , the 50S subunit ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"chemistry",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Impact of Ribosomal Modification on the Binding of the Antibiotic Telithromycin Using a Combined Grand Canonical Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approach |
Infection with dengue virus results in a wide range of clinical manifestations from dengue fever ( DF ) , a self-limited febrile illness , to dengue hemorrhagic fever ( DHF ) which is characterized by plasma leakage and bleeding tendency . Although cardiac involvement has been reported in dengue , the incidence and the... | Dengue is a viral infection with a wide range of symptoms from a self-limiting fever called dengue fever ( DF ) to dengue hemorrhagic fever ( DHF ) which is characterized by leaky blood vessels and bleeding that can lead to shock in severe cases . Abnormal heart function has been reported but the frequencies and the pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Evaluation of Cardiac Involvement in Children with Dengue by Serial Echocardiographic Studies |
Feature-based attention has a spatially global effect , i . e . , responses to stimuli that share features with an attended stimulus are enhanced not only at the attended location but throughout the visual field . However , how feature-based attention modulates cortical neural responses at unattended locations remains ... | Attentional selection is the mechanism by which relevant sensory information is processed preferentially . Feature-based attention plays a key role in identifying an attentional target in a complex scene , because we often know the features of the target but not its exact location . The ability to quickly select the ta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"open",
"science",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"social",
"sciences",
"light",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
... | 2018 | The role of inferior frontal junction in controlling the spatially global effect of feature-based attention in human visual areas |
The Wnt receptor Ryk is an evolutionary-conserved protein important during neuronal differentiation through several mechanisms , including γ-secretase cleavage and nuclear translocation of its intracellular domain ( Ryk-ICD ) . Although the Wnt pathway may be neuroprotective , the role of Ryk in neurodegenerative disea... | Neuronal cell decline in neurodegenerative disease can be caused by inherited mutations and involves neuronal dysfunction followed by neuronal death . The ability of neurons to cope with the chronic stress induced by mutant protein expression may determine the course of their decline and eventual demise . Although the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"model",
"organisms",
"neurology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"
] | 2014 | The Wnt Receptor Ryk Reduces Neuronal and Cell Survival Capacity by Repressing FOXO Activity During the Early Phases of Mutant Huntingtin Pathogenicity |
Chagas disease , considered a neglected disease by the World Health Organization , is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi , and transmitted by >140 triatomine species across the Americas . In Central America , the main vector is Triatoma dimidiata , an opportunistic blood meal feeder inhabiting both dome... | Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi , which is spread by triatomine kissing bugs . There are many biotic factors that influence the risk of disease transmission , including the strain of the parasite , the vector movement patterns , the community of microbes interacting with the parasite inside t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"abdomen",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"north",
"america",
"protozoans",
"central",
"america",
"guatemal... | 2018 | Uncovering vector, parasite, blood meal and microbiome patterns from mixed-DNA specimens of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma dimidiata |
Fungal pathogens exploit diverse mechanisms to survive exposure to antifungal drugs . This poses concern given the limited number of clinically useful antifungals and the growing population of immunocompromised individuals vulnerable to life-threatening fungal infection . To identify molecules that abrogate resistance ... | Treating fungal infections is challenging due to the emergence of drug resistance and the limited number of clinically useful antifungal drugs . We screened a library of 1 , 280 pharmacologically active compounds to identify those that reverse resistance of the leading human fungal pathogen , Candida albicans , to the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/fungal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/antimicrobials",
"and",
"drug",
"resistance"
] | 2010 | PKC Signaling Regulates Drug Resistance of the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans via Circuitry Comprised of Mkc1, Calcineurin, and Hsp90 |
Although leptospirosis is a zoonosis of major concern on tropical islands , the molecular epidemiology of the disease aiming at linking human cases to specific animal reservoirs has been rarely explored within these peculiar ecosystems . Five species of wild small mammals ( n = 995 ) as well as domestic animals ( n = 1... | Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by infection with pathogenic Leptospira species . A broad range of animals , including rodents , pets and livestock , are maintenance hosts for leptospires . However , assessing the relative importance of each host in the contamination of the environment and , in fine , in the infecti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"leptospira",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"dogs",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"molecular"... | 2016 | Human Leptospirosis on Reunion Island, Indian Ocean: Are Rodents the (Only) Ones to Blame? |
It is currently believed that type I and III interferons ( IFNs ) have redundant functions . However , the preferential distribution of type III IFN receptor on epithelial cells suggests functional differences at epithelial surfaces . Here , using human intestinal epithelial cells we could show that although both type ... | The human intestinal tract plays two important roles in the body: first it is responsible for nutrient absorption and second it is the primary barrier which protects the human body from the outside environment . This complex tissue is constantly exposed to commensal bacteria and is often exposed to both bacterial and v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"organoids",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"vesicular",
"stomatitis",
"virus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"organ",
"c... | 2018 | Differential induction of interferon stimulated genes between type I and type III interferons is independent of interferon receptor abundance |
Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome ( DHF/DSS ) are life-threatening complications following infection with one of the four serotypes of dengue virus ( DENV ) . At present , no vaccine or antiviral therapies are available against dengue . Here , we characterized a panel of eight human or mouse-human chim... | The four dengue virus serotypes ( DENV1-4 ) cause the most prevalent mosquito-transmitted viral disease globally , infecting 50–100 million people annually in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide , yet no vaccine or therapy has been licensed to prevent or treat dengue . The greatest risk factor for severe dengue... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"humoral",
"immunity",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunity",
"dengue",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"dengue",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2013 | Therapeutic Efficacy of Antibodies Lacking FcγR against Lethal Dengue Virus Infection Is Due to Neutralizing Potency and Blocking of Enhancing Antibodies |
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis forms biofilms on Caenorhabditis elegans which block nematode feeding . This genetically amenable host-pathogen model has important implications for biofilm development on living , motile surfaces . Here we show that Y . pseudotuberculosis biofilm development on C . elegans is governed by N-... | Many Gram-negative bacteria communicate by producing and sensing the presence of chemical signal molecules such as the N-acylhomoserine lactones ( AHLs ) . Bacterial cells use AHLs to convey information about their environment , metabolism and population size . This type of chemical signalling is called ‘quorum sensing... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Biofilm Development on Caenorhabditis elegans by Yersinia Is Facilitated by Quorum Sensing-Dependent Repression of Type III Secretion |
The prediction of phenotypic traits using high-density genomic data has many applications such as the selection of plants and animals of commercial interest; and it is expected to play an increasing role in medical diagnostics . Statistical models used for this task are usually tested using cross-validation , which imp... | The availability of increasing amounts of genomic data is making the use of statistical models to predict traits of interest a mainstay of many applications in life sciences . Applications range from medical diagnostics for common and rare diseases to breeding characteristics such as disease resistance in plants and an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"population",
"genetics",
"cereal",
"crops",
"plant",
"science",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"crops",
"plant",
"genomics",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"population",
"biology",
"plants",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods... | 2016 | Using Genetic Distance to Infer the Accuracy of Genomic Prediction |
Onchocerciasis or "river blindness" is a chronic parasitic neglected tropical disease which is endemic both in mainland and insular Equatorial Guinea . We aim to estimate the current epidemiological situation of onchocerciasis in Bioko Island after vector elimination in 2005 and more than sixteen years of Community Dir... | Onchocerciasis or “river blindness” is a chronic parasitic disease which is mainly found in Sub-Saharan Africa . Onchocerciasis is endemic in both mainland and insular Equatorial Guinea . Huge achievements have been made on onchocerciasis control in Bioko Island in the last years , and the country is moving fast toward... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"onchocerca",
"volvulus",
"pathology",
"and",
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"medicine",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"onchocerca",
"parasit... | 2016 | Evidence for Suppression of Onchocerciasis Transmission in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea |
Unlike mammals and birds , teleost fish undergo external embryogenesis , and therefore their embryos are constantly challenged by stresses from their living environment . These stresses , when becoming too harsh , will cause arrest of cell proliferation , abnormal cell death or senescence . Such organisms have to evolv... | Although being challenged by stresses from their living environment during embryogenesis , teleost fish harbor a robust genetic program dictating liver development as long as any environmental change , including temperature or natural UV irradiation , is not detrimental . It is therefore of interest to explore the mech... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"protein",
"transport",
"cell",
"processes",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"glycosylation",
"embryos",
"extraction",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"... | 2016 | Liver-Enriched Gene 1, a Glycosylated Secretory Protein, Binds to FGFR and Mediates an Anti-stress Pathway to Protect Liver Development in Zebrafish |
Analyses investigating low frequency variants have the potential for explaining additional genetic heritability of many complex human traits . However , the natural frequencies of rare variation between human populations strongly confound genetic analyses . We have applied a novel collapsing method to identify biologic... | Low frequency variants are likely to play an important role in uncovering complex trait heritability; however , they are often continent or population specific . This specificity complicates genetic analyses investigating low frequency variants for two reasons: low frequency variant signals in an association test are o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"biology",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Low Frequency Variants, Collapsed Based on Biological Knowledge, Uncover Complexity of Population Stratification in 1000 Genomes Project Data |
In the glucose-free environment that is the midgut of the tsetse fly vector , the procyclic form of Trypanosoma brucei primarily uses proline to feed its central carbon and energy metabolism . In these conditions , the parasite needs to produce glucose 6-phosphate ( G6P ) through gluconeogenesis from metabolism of non-... | Trypanosoma brucei , the parasite responsible for sleeping sickness in humans , is transmitted by the tsetse fly that primarily uses amino acids for its energy production . In the glucose-free environment encountered between the insect blood meals , T . brucei needs to produce through gluconeogenesis glucose 6-phosphat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"monomers",
"phosphates",
"carbohydrates",
"glucose",
"metabolism",
"organic",
"compounds",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"glucose",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"protozoans",
"amino",
... | 2018 | Gluconeogenesis is essential for trypanosome development in the tsetse fly vector |
The nonsense-mediated decay ( NMD ) pathway subjects mRNAs with premature termination codons ( PTCs ) to rapid decay . The conserved Upf1–3 complex interacts with the eukaryotic translation release factors , eRF3 and eRF1 , and triggers NMD when translation termination takes place at a PTC . Contrasting models postulat... | The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway is responsible for rapidly degrading mRNAs with premature termination codons . This is important because it prevents the production of potentially deleterious truncated proteins from aberrant mRNAs , such as those that have undergone erroneous processing . How does the cell disc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2008 | A Competition between Stimulators and Antagonists of Upf Complex Recruitment Governs Human Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay |
Glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is important for infectivity and interaction with host immunity , however , our current knowledge of the functions of glycosylation is largely limited to N-glycosylation because it is difficult to predict and identify site-specific O-glycosylation . Here , we present a novel pro... | Information on site-specific O-glycosylation of viral envelope glycoproteins is generally very limited despite important functions . We present a powerful mass-spectrometry based strategy to globally identify O-glycosylation sites on viral envelope proteins of a given virus in the context of a productive infection . We... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Strategy for O-Glycoproteomics of Enveloped Viruses—the O-Glycoproteome of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 |
Cerebral malaria ( CM ) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection that results in thousands of deaths each year , mostly in African children . The in vivo mechanisms underlying this fatal condition are not entirely understood . Using the animal model of experimental cerebral malaria ( ECM ) , we sough... | Cerebral malaria ( CM ) is a severe and potentially fatal complication of malaria in humans that results in swelling and bleeding within the brain . The mechanisms that cause this fatal disease in humans are not completely understood . We studied an animal model known as experimental cerebral malaria to learn more abou... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"nervous",
"system",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"brain",
"cell",
"processes",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"neuronal",
"death",
"cytotoxi... | 2016 | CD8+ T Cells Induce Fatal Brainstem Pathology during Cerebral Malaria via Luminal Antigen-Specific Engagement of Brain Vasculature |
Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) is a worldwide public health problem that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality . To search for sequence variants that associate with CKD , we conducted a genome-wide association study ( GWAS ) that included a total of 3 , 203 Icelandic cases and 38 , 782 controls . We ob... | Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) is a common condition that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and has been recognized as a major public health problem worldwide . Common causes of CKD include hypertension , diabetes , and inflammatory disorders . Previous studies have shown a significant genetic cont... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | Association of Variants at UMOD with Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Stones—Role of Age and Comorbid Diseases |
Host protection from fungal infection is thought to ensue in part from the activity of Syk-coupled C-type lectin receptors and MyD88-coupled toll-like receptors in myeloid cells , including neutrophils , macrophages and dendritic cells ( DCs ) . Given the multitude of cell types and receptors involved , elimination of ... | Multiple cell types bearing a vast array of immune receptors with different modes of signaling ensure that the host response to infection is both robust and reliable . For this reason , loss of a single signaling pathway in a given cell type is often not enough to impact host resistance . Here , we find , surprisingly ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"immune",
"cells",
"cytokines",
"cell",
"biology",
"animal",
"cells",
"nk",
"cells",
"immunity",
"molecular",
"development",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunity... | 2014 | Syk Signaling in Dendritic Cells Orchestrates Innate Resistance to Systemic Fungal Infection |
Apolipoprotein E ( apoE ) is a forefront actor in the transport of lipids and the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis , and is also strongly implicated in Alzheimer’s disease . Upon lipid-binding apoE adopts a conformational state that mediates the receptor-induced internalization of lipoproteins . Due to its inhere... | Among the proteins involved in the transport of lipids and their distribution to the cells , apolipoprotein E ( apoE ) mediates the internalization of cholesterol rich lipoproteins by acting as a ligand for cell-surface receptors . In the central nervous system , while apoE is the major cholesterol transport protein , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"pattern",
"recognition",
"receptors",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"immunology",
"lipoprotein",
"receptors",
"lipid",
"structure",
"immune",
"system",
"proteins",
"lipids",
"proteins",
"lipoproteins",
"chemistry",
"physics",
"biochemi... | 2018 | Lipidated apolipoprotein E4 structure and its receptor binding mechanism determined by a combined cross-linking coupled to mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics approach |
Bacterial whole genome sequencing holds promise as a disruptive technology in clinical microbiology , but it has not yet been applied systematically or comprehensively within a clinical context . Here , over the course of one year , we performed prospective collection and whole genome sequencing of nearly all bacterial... | Bacterial whole genome sequencing is becoming increasingly common to microbiological research , but despite its great potential , has not yet been meaningfully integrated into clinical care . Here , we generated whole genome sequencing data from nearly all of the bacterial isolates prospectively collected from a hospit... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Year of Infection in the Intensive Care Unit: Prospective Whole Genome Sequencing of Bacterial Clinical Isolates Reveals Cryptic Transmissions and Novel Microbiota |
Lymphoid oncogenesis is a life threatening complication associated with a number of persistent viral infections ( e . g . EBV and HTLV-1 in humans ) . With many of these infections it is difficult to study their natural history and the dynamics of tumor formation . Marek's Disease Virus ( MDV ) is a prevalent α-herpesv... | Many viral infections target the immune system , making use of the long lived , highly proliferative lymphocytes to propagate and survive within the host . This characteristic has led to an association between some viruses such as Epstein Barr Virus ( EBV ) , Human T cell Lymphotrophic Virus-1 ( HTLV-1 ) and Mareks Dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"physiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"virology/viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"pathology/immunology",
"oncology/myelomas",... | 2011 | Clonal Structure of Rapid-Onset MDV-Driven CD4+ Lymphomas and Responding CD8+ T Cells |
A complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of protective immunity is crucial to improve vaccine strategies to eradicate malaria . However , it is still unclear whether recognition of damage signals influences the immune response to Plasmodium infection . Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) accumul... | Malaria still causes the death of approximately half a million people yearly despite efforts to develop vaccines . The ability of Plasmodium parasites to survive the immune effector mechanisms indicates how suitable the immune response must be to eliminate the infection . CD4 T cells have a dual role in protection agai... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"t",
"helper",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"parasitology",
... | 2017 | P2X7 receptor drives Th1 cell differentiation and controls the follicular helper T cell population to protect against Plasmodium chabaudi malaria |
The human pathogen Vibrio cholerae is an aquatic bacterium frequently encountered in rivers , lakes , estuaries , and coastal regions . Within these environmental reservoirs , the bacterium is often found associated with zooplankton and more specifically with their chitinous exoskeleton . Upon growth on such chitinous ... | The human pathogen Vibrio cholerae is an aquatic bacterium often encountered in rivers , estuaries , and coastal regions . Within this environmental niche , the bacterium often associates with the chitinous exoskeleton of zooplankton . Upon colonization of these chitinous surfaces , V . cholerae switches on a developme... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"gene",
"networks",
"gene",
"regulation",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"microbial",
"ecology",
"bacterial",
"physiology",
"gram",
"negat... | 2012 | The Regulatory Network of Natural Competence and Transformation of Vibrio cholerae |
Epithelial homeostasis in the posterior midgut of Drosophila is maintained by multipotent intestinal stem cells ( ISCs ) . ISCs self-renew and produce enteroblasts ( EBs ) that differentiate into either enterocytes ( ECs ) or enteroendocrine cells ( EEs ) in response to differential Notch ( N ) activation . Various env... | Stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis in metazoans . A productive model to study the regulation of stem cell function is the Drosophila posterior midgut . Notch ( N ) signaling controls intestinal stem cell ( ISC ) differentiation in this tissue , while ISC proliferation is regulated by growth factor signaling pathway... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"insulin-dependent",
"signal",
"transduction",
"mitogenic",
"signaling",
"tor",
"signaling",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"stem",
"cells",
"cell",
"growth",
"signaling",
"pat... | 2012 | Notch-Mediated Suppression of TSC2 Expression Regulates Cell Differentiation in the Drosophila Intestinal Stem Cell Lineage |
Synthetic lethality is a genetic interaction wherein two otherwise nonessential genes cause cellular inviability when knocked out simultaneously . Drugs can mimic genetic knock-out effects; therefore , our understanding of promiscuous drugs , polypharmacology-related adverse drug reactions , and multi-drug therapies , ... | Synthetic lethality is a genetic interaction that has promising implications for informing novel cancer therapies . Over 200 million pairwise tests would be required to identify all pairwise synthetic lethal interactions in humans–currently , an impossibly large experimental burden . To simplify the process , we have d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Connectivity Homology Enables Inter-Species Network Models of Synthetic Lethality |
Yeast WHI2 was originally identified in a genetic screen for regulators of cell cycle arrest and later suggested to function in general stress responses . However , the function of Whi2 is unknown . Whi2 has predicted structure and sequence similarity to human KCTD family proteins , which have been implicated in severa... | Yeast and human cells respond to declining levels of available nutrients to prepare ahead for leaner times . The detailed mechanisms of nutrient sensing are not well understood , but defects in these processes have key roles in diseases such as cancer . The evolutionarily conserved protein complex TORC1 is the control ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"immunoblotting",
"carbohydrates",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"molecular",
"biology",
"tech... | 2018 | Whi2 is a conserved negative regulator of TORC1 in response to low amino acids |
China has the highest incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) worldwide . Reported cases account for 90% of the total number of global cases . By 2010 , approximately 1 . 4 million HFRS cases had been reported in China . This study aimed to explore the effect of the rodent reservoir , and natural an... | Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) , a rodent-borne disease caused by hantaviruses , is characterized by fever , haemorrhage , headache , back pain , abdominal pain , and acute kidney injury . China has the highest incidence of HFRS worldwide . Reported cases account for 90% of the total global cases . Appr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"environmental",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | Animal Reservoir, Natural and Socioeconomic Variations and the Transmission of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Chenzhou, China, 2006–2010 |
The Escherichia coli mazEF module is one of the most thoroughly studied toxin–antitoxin systems . mazF encodes a stable toxin , MazF , and mazE encodes a labile antitoxin , MazE , which prevents the lethal effect of MazF . MazF is an endoribonuclease that leads to the inhibition of protein synthesis by cleaving mRNAs a... | The enteric bacterium E . coli , as most other bacteria , carries a pair of genes on its chromosome; one of them specifies a toxin and the other one an antitoxin . Previously , we have shown that that the mazEF toxin–antitoxin system in E . coli is responsible for bacterial cell death under stressful conditions . Clear... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"molecular",
"biology/translational",
"regulation",
"microbiology",
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomi... | 2009 | Escherichia coli MazF Leads to the Simultaneous Selective Synthesis of Both “Death Proteins” and “Survival Proteins” |
It is well documented that the density of Plasmodium in its vertebrate host modulates the physiological response induced; this in turn regulates parasite survival and transmission . It is less clear that parasite density in the mosquito regulates survival and transmission of this important pathogen . Numerous studies h... | Malaria , one of the world's most devastating parasitic diseases , is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium and is transmitted between mammalian hosts by Anopheles mosquitoes . Within the mosquito , the parasite undergoes four sequential developmental transformations as it passes from the bloodmeal thro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mosquito",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"malaria",
"dynamics"
] | 2007 | Progression of Plasmodium berghei through Anopheles stephensi Is Density-Dependent |
Pulmonary cavities , the hallmark of tuberculosis ( TB ) , are characterized by high mycobacterial load and perpetuate the spread of M . tuberculosis . The mechanism of matrix destruction resulting in cavitation is not well defined . Neutrophils are emerging as key mediators of TB immunopathology and their influx are a... | Neutrophil infiltration is characteristic of immune-induced pathology in tuberculosis but mechanisms whereby neutrophils cause tissue destruction are not fully understood . In this study , we show that neutrophils secrete the collagenase MMP-8 in response to direct infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and via cell... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Neutrophil-Derived MMP-8 Drives AMPK-Dependent Matrix Destruction in Human Pulmonary Tuberculosis |
The TEAD family of transcription factors ( TEAD1-4 ) bind the MCAT element in the regulatory elements of both growth promoting and myogenic differentiation genes . Defining TEAD transcription factor function in myogenesis has proved elusive due to overlapping expression of family members and their functional redundancy... | Aspects of muscle differentiation can be reproduced using the C2C12 cell line or primary myoblasts both of which can be differentiated to form myotubes in vitro . While the functions of recognised myogenic proteins such as Myogenin , Myod1 and MEF-family transcription factors in this process have been extensively studi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"muscle",
"regeneration",
"developmental",
"biology",
"organism",
"development",
"stem",
"cells",
"morphogenesis",
"small",
"interfering",
"rnas",
"muscle",
"differentiation",
"animal",
"cells",
"gene",
"expression",
"myobl... | 2017 | TEAD transcription factors are required for normal primary myoblast differentiation in vitro and muscle regeneration in vivo |
In Drosophila , multiple lines of evidence converge in suggesting that beneficial substitutions to the genome may be common . All suffer from confounding factors , however , such that the interpretation of the evidence—in particular , conclusions about the rate and strength of beneficial substitutions—remains tentative... | Characterizing the nature of beneficial changes to the genome is essential to our understanding of adaptation . To do so , researchers identify and analyze footprints that beneficial changes leave in patterns of genetic variation within and between species . In order to teach us about adaptive evolution , these footpri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Pervasive Adaptive Protein Evolution Apparent in Diversity Patterns around Amino Acid Substitutions in Drosophila simulans |
There is a popular belief in neuroscience that we are primarily data limited , and that producing large , multimodal , and complex datasets will , with the help of advanced data analysis algorithms , lead to fundamental insights into the way the brain processes information . These datasets do not yet exist , and if the... | Neuroscience is held back by the fact that it is hard to evaluate if a conclusion is correct; the complexity of the systems under study and their experimental inaccessability make the assessment of algorithmic and data analytic technqiues challenging at best . We thus argue for testing approaches using known artifacts ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nervous",
"system",
"computer",
"hardware",
"light",
"neuroscience",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"luminance",
"brain",
"mapping",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"visible",
"light",
"neuronal",
"tuning",
"computer",
"and",
... | 2017 | Could a Neuroscientist Understand a Microprocessor? |
The Pantanal is a hotspot for arbovirus studies in South America . Various medically important flaviviruses and alphaviruses have been reported in domestic and wild animals in the region . To expand the knowledge of local arbovirus circulation , a serosurvey for 14 Brazilian orthobunyaviruses was conducted with equines... | In the present study , we report the evidence of various orthobunyaviruses of medical importance in domestic and wild animals of the Pantanal , a large floodplain located in West-Central Brazil . Although various other arboviruses as flaviviruses and alphaviruses have been reported in the region , orthobunyaviruses are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ruminants",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"viruses",
"rna",
"vir... | 2017 | Neutralizing antibodies for orthobunyaviruses in Pantanal, Brazil |
The success of combination antiretroviral therapy is limited by the evolutionary escape dynamics of HIV-1 . We used Isotonic Conjunctive Bayesian Networks ( I-CBNs ) , a class of probabilistic graphical models , to describe this process . We employed partial order constraints among viral resistance mutations , which gi... | Drug resistance remains a challenge in the management of HIV-infected patients . The accumulation of mutations during ongoing viral replication is the origin of drug resistance development . Understanding this evolutionary process in a quantitative manner is an important prerequisite for minimizing the risk of resistan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"Acknowledgments"
] | [] | 2013 | The Individualized Genetic Barrier Predicts Treatment Response in a Large Cohort of HIV-1 Infected Patients |
All eukaryotic genomes are packaged as chromatin , with DNA interlaced with both regularly patterned nucleosomes and sub-nucleosomal-sized protein structures such as mobile and labile transcription factors ( TF ) and initiation complexes , together forming a dynamic chromatin landscape . Whilst details of nucleosome po... | DNA is packaged by proteins into chromatin , of which the fundamental unit is a complex of histone proteins that wraps ~150bp of DNA into a nucleosome . Digestion of chromatin with enzymes such as micrococcal nuclease cuts the DNA between the protein particles , and by sequencing the cut sites , they can be mapped acro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"&",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"brassica",
"nucleosome",
"mapping",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"plant",
"genomics",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"plants",
"chromatin",
"structural",
"genomics",
"research",
"a... | 2017 | Genome-wide chromatin mapping with size resolution reveals a dynamic sub-nucleosomal landscape in Arabidopsis |
During neural circuit formation , most axons are guided to complex environments , coming into contact with multiple potential synaptic partners . However , it is critical that they recognize specific neurons with which to form synapses . Here , we utilize the split GFP-based marker Neuroligin-1 GFP Reconstitution Acros... | The nervous system is required for many body functions including perception , behavior and thought . Cells in the nervous system called neurons function in interconnected groups called circuits to carry out these basic functions . While we have learned a great deal about how circuits function , we know much less about ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nervous",
"system",
"enzymes",
"caenorhabditis",
"enzymology",
"electrophysiology",
"neurites",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"phosphatases",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"anim... | 2018 | The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase CLR-1 is required for synaptic partner recognition |
Hedgehog signaling plays conserved roles in controlling embryonic development; its dysregulation has been implicated in many human diseases including cancers . Hedgehog signaling has an unusual reception system consisting of two transmembrane proteins , Patched receptor and Smoothened signal transducer . Although activ... | Hedgehog ( Hh ) signaling is a pathway renowned for its roles in controlling embryonic development and tumorigenesis . Signaling via this pathway proceeds when Hh ligands bind to the receptor Patched ( Ptc ) , thereby preventing Ptc from inhibiting the signal transducer , Smoothened ( Smo ) , and thus allowing Smo to a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Activation of Smurf E3 Ligase Promoted by Smoothened Regulates Hedgehog Signaling through Targeting Patched Turnover |
A comprehensive analysis was done to evaluate the potential use of anti-parasitic macrocyclic lactones ( including avermectins and milbemycins ) for Buruli ulcer ( BU ) therapy . A panel containing nearly all macrocyclic lactones used in human or in veterinary medicine was analyzed for activity in vitro against clinica... | Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a chronic debilitating mycobacterial disease of the skin and soft tissue caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . It is mainly found in tropical regions and often linked to poverty . BU can be cured in most cases with the standard treatment , a combination of rifampicin and the injectable antibiotic st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Selamectin Is the Avermectin with the Best Potential for Buruli Ulcer Treatment |
The non-specific symptoms of Ebola Virus Disease ( EVD ) pose a major problem to triage and isolation efforts at Ebola Treatment Centres ( ETCs ) . Under the current triage protocol , half the patients allocated to high-risk “probable” wards were EVD ( - ) : a misclassification speculated to predispose nosocomial EVD i... | Four decades after the discovery of Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) , the sources , reservoirs and dynamics of infection are still largely unknown and thus the threat of re-emergence remains ever present . As EVD thrives on fragile healthcare systems in the developing world , it is essential that triage tools are low-cost ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"ebola",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"diarrhea",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepa... | 2017 | Predicting Ebola infection: A malaria-sensitive triage score for Ebola virus disease |
Stability in a metabolic system may not be obtained if incorrect amounts of enzymes are used . Without stability , some metabolites may accumulate or deplete leading to the irreversible loss of the desired operating point . Even if initial enzyme amounts achieve a stable steady state , changes in enzyme amount due to s... | A method of metabolic simulation called ensemble modelling for robustness analysis is used to predict the behavior intrinsic to the network structure ( stoichiometry and kinetic form ) of four enzymatic systems . Some network structures are shown to be prone to instability . Starting from a stable system , instability ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"enzymes",
"metabolic",
"processes",
"ketones",
"enzymology",
"carbohydrates",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"glycolysis",
"pyruvate",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"metabolites",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"computer"... | 2016 | Stability of Ensemble Models Predicts Productivity of Enzymatic Systems |
The female gametophyte of flowering plants , the embryo sac , develops within the diploid ( sporophytic ) tissue of the ovule . While embryo sac–expressed genes are known to be required at multiple stages of the fertilization process , the set of embryo sac–expressed genes has remained poorly defined . In particular , ... | During the sexual reproduction of flowering plants , a pollen tube delivers sperm cells to a specialized group of cells known as the embryo sac , which contains the egg cell . It is known that embryo sacs are active participants in guiding the growth of pollen tubes , in facilitating fertilization , and in initiating s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"plants",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"arabidopsis",
"(thale",
"cress)"
] | 2007 | Genome-Wide Expression Profiling of the Arabidopsis Female Gametophyte Identifies Families of Small, Secreted Proteins |
RNA polymerase II synthesizes a diverse set of transcripts including both protein-coding and non-coding RNAs . One major difference between these two classes of transcripts is the mechanism of termination . Messenger RNA transcripts terminate downstream of the coding region in a process that is coupled to cleavage and ... | Transcription in eukaryotes is widespread including both protein-coding transcripts and an increasing number of non-coding RNAs . Here we present the results of transcriptome-wide mapping of a set of yeast RNA–binding proteins that control expression of some protein-coding genes and a number of novel non-coding RNAs . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"rna",
"processing",
"gene",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"gene",
"expression",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"dna",
"transcription"... | 2011 | Transcriptome-Wide Binding Sites for Components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Non-Poly(A) Termination Pathway: Nrd1, Nab3, and Sen1 |
Expansion of DNA trinucleotide repeats causes at least 15 hereditary neurological diseases , and these repeats also undergo contraction and fragility . Current models to explain this genetic instability invoke erroneous DNA repair or aberrant replication . Here we show that CAG/CTG tracts are stabilized in Saccharomyce... | DNA trinucleotide repeats are naturally occurring runs of three base-pairs . Genetic mutations that expand ( lengthen ) triplet repeats cause multiple neurological diseases , including Huntington's disease . Triplet repeats also contract ( shorten ) and break . This complex behavior suggests triplet repeats are problem... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"replication",
"molecular",
"biology/recombination",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"repair"
] | 2011 | New Functions of Ctf18-RFC in Preserving Genome Stability outside Its Role in Sister Chromatid Cohesion |
Metabolic network reconstructions represent valuable scaffolds for ‘-omics’ data integration and are used to computationally interrogate network properties . However , they do not explicitly account for the synthesis of macromolecules ( i . e . , proteins and RNA ) . Here , we present the first genome-scale , fine-grai... | Systems biology aims to understand the interactions of cellular components in a systemic manner . Mathematical modeling is critical to the integration and analysis of these components on a conceptual as well as mechanistic level . To date , detailed genome-scale reconstructions of metabolism have become available for a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"computational",
"biology/literature",
"analysis",
"cell",
"biology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/metabolic",
"networks",
"computational"... | 2009 | Genome-Scale Reconstruction of Escherichia coli's Transcriptional and Translational Machinery: A Knowledge Base, Its Mathematical Formulation, and Its Functional Characterization |
Dengue is one of the most common infectious diseases . The aim of this study was to systematically review acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ( ADEM ) and to represent a new case . We searched for articles in nine databases for case reports , series or previous reviews reporting ADEM cases in human . We used Fisher’s ... | We presented a 13-year-old girl of ADEM following dengue infection . She was totally alert and had a low grade of fever with no focal neurologic deficits , on admission . We revealed that the prevalence of either ADEM or all neurological disorders among dengue patients was not too rare . Moreover , we found that the mo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"vomiting",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"headaches",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"urine",
"physiological",
"processes",
"signs",
"and"... | 2017 | Post-dengue acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: A case report and meta-analysis |
The characterization of functional elements in genomes relies on the identification of the footprints of natural selection . In this quest , taking into account neutral evolutionary processes such as mutation and genetic drift is crucial because these forces can generate patterns that may obscure or mimic signatures of... | Classical population genetics models indicate that the efficiency of selection , and hence adaptation , depends on a number of non-selective factors , such as the size of a population or the intensity of recombination . In the last 10 years , evidence has accumulated that another mechanism called GC-Biased Gene Convers... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | GC-Content Evolution in Bacterial Genomes: The Biased Gene Conversion Hypothesis Expands |
We evaluated the profile of patients referred to the Fiocruz Outpatient Clinic , a reference center for the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy in Rio de Janeiro , RJ , and analyzed the origins and outcomes of these referrals . This is an observational retrospective study based on information collected from the Leprosy ... | Leprosy , a neglected disease , remains endemic in some developing countries despite the existence of a successful program to treat and cure patients . While has been a drastic decrease in the number of patients , but we still have a stable number of new cases that is still very high in countries like India and Brazil ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"outpatient",
"clinics",
"disabilities",
"biopsy",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"health",
"care",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"neglected",
... | 2016 | Impact of a Reference Center on Leprosy Control under a Decentralized Public Health Care Policy in Brazil |
Many interspecies hybrids have been discovered in yeasts , but most of these hybrids are asexual and can replicate only mitotically . Whole-genome duplication has been proposed as a mechanism by which interspecies hybrids can regain fertility , restoring their ability to perform meiosis and sporulate . Here , we show t... | It has recently been proposed that the whole-genome duplication ( WGD ) event that occurred during evolution of an ancestor of the yeast S . cerevisiae was the result of a hybridization between 2 parental yeast species that were significantly divergent in DNA sequence , followed by a doubling of the genome content to r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"fungal",
"spores",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"centromeres",
"sequence",
"assembly",
"tools",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"genome",
"analysis",
"fungal",
"reproduction",
"saccharomyces",
"research",
"and",
"a... | 2017 | Evolutionary restoration of fertility in an interspecies hybrid yeast, by whole-genome duplication after a failed mating-type switch |
Asymmetric division of zygote is critical for pattern formation during early embryogenesis in plants and animals . It requires integration of the intrinsic and extrinsic cues prior to and/or after fertilization . How these cues are translated into developmental signals is poorly understood . Here through genetic screen... | Flowering plants are featured as double fertilization , a process that the egg cell and the central cell of embryo sac fuse with a sperm and give rise to a diploid zygote and a triploid primary endosperm cell , respectively . The zygote develops into embryo after cell division and differentiation , and starts a new tri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"keratinocytes",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"ovules",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"germ",
"cells",
"zygotes",
"endosperm",
"developmental",
"biology",
"luminescent",
"protein... | 2016 | The Arabidopsis Receptor Kinase ZAR1 Is Required for Zygote Asymmetric Division and Its Daughter Cell Fate |
Few models exist that accurately reproduce the complex rhythms of the thalamocortical system that are apparent in measured scalp EEG and at the same time , are suitable for large-scale simulations of brain activity . Here , we present a neural mass model of the thalamocortical system during natural non-REM sleep , whic... | Sleep plays a pivotal role for the consolidation of memory . While REM sleep had originally been the focus of research due to its similarity with wakefulness , more recent studies suggest that different sleep stages are responsible for the consolidation of different types of memory . To better understand the changes in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"sleep",
"depolarization",
"membrane",
"potential",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
... | 2016 | A Thalamocortical Neural Mass Model of the EEG during NREM Sleep and Its Response to Auditory Stimulation |
Distinct classes of neurons and glial cells in the developing spinal cord arise at specific times and in specific quantities from spatially discrete neural progenitor domains . Thus , adjacent domains can exhibit marked differences in their proliferative potential and timing of differentiation . However , remarkably li... | The embryonic spinal cord is organized into an array of discrete neural progenitor domains along the dorsoventral axis . Most of these domains undergo two periods of differentiation , first producing specific classes of neurons and then generating distinct populations of glial cells at later times . In addition , each ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | PLZF Regulates Fibroblast Growth Factor Responsiveness and Maintenance of Neural Progenitors |
Cysteine proteinases of Fasciola hepatica are important candidates for vaccine antigens because of their role in fluke biology and host-parasite relationships . In our previous experiments , we found that a recombinant cysteine proteinase cloned from adult F . hepatica ( CPFhW ) can protect rats against liver fluke inf... | Infection with Fasciola hepatica , a liver fluke , is one of the most significant veterinary problems due to the worldwide distribution of this parasite , a wide spectrum of host organisms and the resulting economic loss . Human fasciolosis caused by F . hepatica is recognised by the World Health Organization as an imp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"enzymes",
"immunology",
"enzymology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"amino",
"acids",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"antibodies",
"plants",
"... | 2017 | Immune response of rats vaccinated orally with various plant-expressed recombinant cysteine proteinase constructs when challenged with Fasciola hepatica metacercariae |
Experimental studies have shown that one key factor in driving the emergence of drug resistance in solid tumors is tumor hypoxia , which leads to the formation of localized environmental niches where drug-resistant cell populations can evolve and survive . Hypoxia-activated prodrugs ( HAPs ) are compounds designed to p... | It has been suggested that one key factor driving the emergence of drug resistance is the spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of drug and oxygen throughout a tumor due to disorganized tumor vasculatures . Researchers have developed a class of novel drugs that penetrate to hypoxic regions where they are activated ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"oxygen",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"cell",
"processes",
"toxicology",
"oncology",
"toxicity",
"pharmaceutics",
"drug",
... | 2016 | Leveraging Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs to Prevent Drug Resistance in Solid Tumors |
Polyomavirus BK ( BKPyV ) frequently reactivates in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients ( RTRs ) and may lead to graft loss due to BKPyV-induced interstitial nephritis ( BKVN ) . Little is known on the differentiation of CD8+ T cells targeting BKPyV in RTRs . Here we investigated whether BKPyV-specific CD8+ T ... | In immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients ( RTRs ) , BKPyV frequently reactivates from latency and may cause severe interstitial nephritis in the allograft ( BKVN ) . Not only is there no effective treatment , it also not understood why BKVN arises in some RTRs but not in all . In the current study we investigate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"urinary",
"system",
"procedures",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"organ",
"transplantation",
"immune",
"cells",
"body",
"fluids",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection... | 2016 | Clinically Relevant Reactivation of Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) in HLA-A02-Positive Renal Transplant Recipients Is Associated with Impaired Effector-Memory Differentiation of BKPyV-Specific CD8+ T Cells |
Intracellular pathogens have complex metabolic interactions with their host cells to ensure a steady supply of energy and anabolic building blocks for rapid growth . Here we use the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii to probe this interaction for isoprenoids , abundant lipidic compounds essential to many... | Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite and is not able to replicate outside the host cell . The parasite lives in a specialized parasitophorous vacuole in contact with the host cytoplasm through the parasitophorous vacuole membrane . It is highly likely that a very active exchange of metabolites occurs... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Toxoplasma gondii Relies on Both Host and Parasite Isoprenoids and Can Be Rendered Sensitive to Atorvastatin |
The biology of adult tsetse ( Glossina spp ) , vectors of trypanosomiasis in Africa , has been extensively studied – but little is known about larviposition in the field . In September-November 1998 , in the hot-dry season in Zimbabwe’s Zambezi Valley , we used artificial warthog burrows to capture adult females as the... | Adult tsetse , vectors of trypanosomiasis , have been extensively studied for more than 100 years , but little is known about larviposition behaviour in the field . Pupae are generally collected in the field via arduous searches of putative larviposition sites . Females have never been sampled in the field as they depo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Artificial Warthog Burrows Used to Sample Adult and Immature Tsetse (Glossina spp) in the Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe |
Infection with filarial parasites is associated with T cell hyporesponsiveness , which is thought to be partly mediated by their ability to induce regulatory T cells ( Tregs ) during human infections . This study investigates the functional capacity of Tregs from different groups of filarial patients to suppress filari... | Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected disease still prominent in low-resource settings and is very disabling when it progresses to chronic pathology caused by lymphedema . Until now , studies on the contribution of Tregs to lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness in human filariasis have focused on frequency and phenotypic charact... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"cytokines",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immune",
"suppression",
"immunology",
"adaptive",
"immunity",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunoregulation",
"immunomodulation",
"lymphatic",
"filariasis",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infl... | 2012 | Regulatory T Cells in Human Lymphatic Filariasis: Stronger Functional Activity in Microfilaremics |
ChIP-seq enables genome-scale identification of regulatory regions that govern gene expression . However , the biological insights generated from ChIP-seq analysis have been limited to predictions of binding sites and cooperative interactions . Furthermore , ChIP-seq data often poorly correlate with in vitro measuremen... | A quantitative description of transcription factor ( TF ) binding in vivo is critical for our understanding of gene regulation . Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing ( ChIP-seq ) provides a genome-scale map of TF-binding . However , a quantitative characterization of the impact of genome accessibility o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"microbiology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"transcription",
"factors",
"bacterial",
"genetics",
... | 2016 | The Role of Genome Accessibility in Transcription Factor Binding in Bacteria |
The motility and invasion of Plasmodium parasites is believed to require a cytoplasmic actin-myosin motor associated with a cell surface ligand belonging to the TRAP ( thrombospondin-related anonymous protein ) family . Current models of invasion usually invoke the existence of specific receptors for the TRAP-family li... | Apicomplexan parasites are one of the most significant groups of pathogens infecting humans and include Plasmodium falciparum , the parasite responsible for malaria . These parasites critically depend on their human host and must invade our cells to multiply; therefore , understanding this invasion process - with the e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"protein",
"interactions",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"parasitology",
"glycoproteins",
"proteins",
"cell",
"adhesion",
"extracellular",
"matrix",
"biology",
"recombinant",
"proteins",
"proteomics",
"biochemistry",
... | 2012 | Semaphorin-7A Is an Erythrocyte Receptor for P. falciparum Merozoite-Specific TRAP Homolog, MTRAP |
Imaging studies have revealed a putative neural account of emotional bias in decision making . However , it has been difficult in previous studies to identify the causal role of the different sub-regions involved in decision making . The Ultimatum Game ( UG ) is a game to study the punishment of norm-violating behavior... | It is well-established that emotions influence decision making . One way of studying this relationship is the Ultimatum Game , which has revealed that subjects punish unfair behavior in others in spite of receiving a concomitant economic loss . Previous brain imaging studies have suggested that this decision to punish ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"sciences",
"psychology",
"emotions",
"cognition",
"decision",
"making",
"behavior",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2011 | Limbic Justice—Amygdala Involvement in Immediate Rejection in the Ultimatum Game |
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil-dwelling bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis . The global burden and distribution of melioidosis is poorly understood , including in the Caribbean . B . pseudomallei was previously isolated from humans and soil in eastern Puerto Rico but the abundance and distribution of... | The objective of this study was to examine the distribution and abundance of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the environment in Puerto Rico . B . pseudomallei is a microbe that lives in soil and causes the disease melioidosis . We conducted sampling around Puerto Rico to survey for the presence of B . pseudomallei in the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Disclaimer"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"burkholderia",
"pseudomallei",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"melioidosis",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"north",
"america",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"burkholderia",
"cepacia"... | 2019 | Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is rare but ecologically established and widely dispersed in the environment in Puerto Rico |
Cells of the embryonic vertebrate limb in high-density culture undergo chondrogenic pattern formation , which results in the production of regularly spaced “islands” of cartilage similar to the cartilage primordia of the developing limb skeleton . The first step in this process , in vitro and in vivo , is the generatio... | The development of an organism from embryo to adult includes processes of pattern formation that involve the interactions over space and time of independent cells to form multicellular structures . Computational models permit exploration of possible alternative mechanisms that reproduce biological patterns and thereby ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"chicken",
"in",
"vitro",
"vertebrates",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Patterns of Mesenchymal Condensation in a Multiscale, Discrete Stochastic Model |
Although a considerable proportion of serum lipids loci identified in European ancestry individuals ( EA ) replicate in African Americans ( AA ) , interethnic differences in the distribution of serum lipids suggest that some genetic determinants differ by ethnicity . We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of five lipi... | Most of the work on the genetic epidemiology of serum lipids in African Americans ( AA ) has focused on replicating findings that were identified in European ancestry individuals . While this can be very informative about the generalizability of lipids loci across populations , African ancestry-specific variation will ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"lipids",
"epidemiology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"epidemiology"
] | 2014 | Gene-Based Sequencing Identifies Lipid-Influencing Variants with Ethnicity-Specific Effects in African Americans |
Histone H3 lysine-4 ( H3K4 ) methylation is associated with transcribed genes in eukaryotes . In Drosophila and mammals , both di- and tri-methylation of H3K4 are associated with gene activation . In contrast to animals , in Arabidopsis H3K4 trimethylation , but not mono- or di-methylation of H3K4 , has been implicated... | Histones can be covalently modified and histone modifications regulate chromatin structure and gene transcription . One such modification is histone H3 lysine-4 ( H3K4 ) methylation , which can be mono- , di- , or tri-methylated . In animals such as fruitfly and mammals , both di- and tri-methylation of H3K4 are associ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2011 | Arabidopsis COMPASS-Like Complexes Mediate Histone H3 Lysine-4 Trimethylation to Control Floral Transition and Plant Development |
Burkholderia pseudomallei , the causative agent of melioidosis , is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment . Efforts to improve therapeutics for B . pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of B . pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribu... | B . pseudomallei , the etiological agent of melioidosis , is an emerging pathogen with limited therapeutic options and no available vaccines . A better understanding of the role of biofilm formation during pathogenesis will aid in melioidosis diagnosis and the development of new therapeutics and vaccines . Melioidosis ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biofilms",
"exopolysaccharides",
"gene",
"regulation",
"microbiology",
"genetic",
"elements",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"alignment",
"bioinformatics",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetic",
"loci",
"biochemistry",
"polysacchari... | 2017 | Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster |
In the zebrafish , Fgf and Hh signalling assign anterior and posterior identity , respectively , to the poles of the developing ear . Mis-expression of fgf3 or inhibition of Hh signalling results in double-anterior ears , including ectopic expression of hmx3a . To understand how this double-anterior pattern is establis... | Understanding how signalling molecules impart information to developing organ systems , and how this is interpreted through networks of gene activity , is a key goal of developmental genetic analysis . In the developing zebrafish inner ear , differences in gene expression arise between the anterior and posterior poles ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fish",
"otolith",
"vesicles",
"ears",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"inner",
"ear",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"embryos",
"cellular",
... | 2019 | Anteroposterior patterning of the zebrafish ear through Fgf- and Hh-dependent regulation of hmx3a expression |
St . Louis encephalitis virus is a complex zoonoses . In 2005 , 47 laboratory-confirmed and probable clinical cases of SLEV infection were reported in Córdoba , Argentina . Although the causes of 2005 outbreak remain unknown , they might be related not only to virological factors , but also to ecological and environmen... | The St . Louis encephalitis is a complex zoonoses in the New World . In South America ( Argentina and Brazil ) , SLE is an emerging arbovirosis . SLEV reemerged in Argentina during 2002 and , since then , outbreaks have been reported in 2005 , 2006 , 2010 and 2011 . During the 2005 outbreak two SLEV genotype III strain... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Silent Circulation of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Prior to an Encephalitis Outbreak in Cordoba, Argentina (2005) |
In response to environmental and physiological changes , the synapse manifests plasticity while simultaneously maintains homeostasis . Here , we analyzed mutant synapses of henji , also known as dbo , at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction ( NMJ ) . In henji mutants , NMJ growth is defective with appearance of satell... | To meet various developmental or environmental needs , the communication between pre- and postsynapse can be modulated in different aspects . The release of presynaptic vesicles can be regulated at the steps of docking , membrane fusion and endocytosis . Upon receiving neurotransmitter stimuli from presynaptic terminal... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"nervous",
"system",
"cell",
"processes",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"biology",
"tech... | 2016 | Dbo/Henji Modulates Synaptic dPAK to Gate Glutamate Receptor Abundance and Postsynaptic Response |
Plants have a large panel of nucleotide-binding/leucine rich repeat ( NLR ) immune receptors which monitor host interference by diverse pathogen molecules ( effectors ) and trigger disease resistance pathways . NLR receptor systems are necessarily under tight control to mitigate the trade-off between induced defenses a... | Plants tune their cellular and developmental programs to different environmental stimuli . Central players in the plant biotic stress response network are intracellular NLR receptors which intercept specific disease-inducing molecules ( effectors ) produced by pathogenic microbes . Variation in NLR gene repertoires bet... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"brassica",
"plant",
"biotechnology",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetically",
"modified",
"plants",
"plants",
"extraction",
"techniques",
"genetic",
"engineering",... | 2016 | Arabidopsis thaliana DM2h (R8) within the Landsberg RPP1-like Resistance Locus Underlies Three Different Cases of EDS1-Conditioned Autoimmunity |
The phenotypic outcome of a mutation cannot be simply mapped onto the underlying DNA variant . Instead , the phenotype is a function of the allele , the genetic background in which it occurs and the environment where the mutational effects are expressed . While the influence of genetic background on the expressivity of... | Examining the consequences of how one mutation behaves when in the presence of a second mutation forms the basis of our understanding of genetic interactions , and is part of the fundamental toolbox of genetic analysis . Yet the logical interpretation of such mutational interactions depends on the generality of such fi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"epistasis",
"mutation",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"mutation",
"types",
"phenotypes",
"genetic",
"screens",
"heredity",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"suppression",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"complex",
"traits",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2013 | The Conditional Nature of Genetic Interactions: The Consequences of Wild-Type Backgrounds on Mutational Interactions in a Genome-Wide Modifier Screen |
The discovery of small molecules targeted to specific oncogenic pathways has revolutionized anti-cancer therapy . However , such therapy often fails due to the evolution of acquired resistance . One long-standing question in clinical cancer research is the identification of optimum therapeutic administration strategies... | Recently , the field of anti-cancer therapy has witnessed a revolution by the discovery of targeted therapy , which refers to compounds targeting specific pathways causing abnormal growth of cancer cells . The clinical success of such drugs has been limited by the evolution of acquired resistance to these compounds , w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"mathematics",
"oncology"
] | 2009 | Evolution of Resistance to Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapies during Continuous and Pulsed Administration Strategies |
Cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) 42 amino acid species of amyloid beta ( Aβ42 ) and tau levels are strongly correlated with the presence of Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) neuropathology including amyloid plaques and neurodegeneration and have been successfully used as endophenotypes for genetic studies of AD . Additional CSF an... | The use of quantitative endophenotypes from cerebrospinal fluid has led to the identification of several genetic variants that alter risk or rate of progression of Alzheimer's disease . Here we have analyzed the levels of 58 disease-related proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid for association with millions of variants a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"association",
"studies",
"statistical",
"analysis",
"of",
"genetic",
"association",
"inflammation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetic",
"association",
"studies",
"genome",
"analysis",
"gene... | 2014 | Genome-Wide Association Study of CSF Levels of 59 Alzheimer's Disease Candidate Proteins: Significant Associations with Proteins Involved in Amyloid Processing and Inflammation |
Exotic pathogens and pests threaten ecosystem service , biodiversity , and crop security globally . If an invasive agent can disperse asymptomatically over long distances , multiple spatial and temporal scales interplay , making identification of effective strategies to regulate , monitor , and control disease extremel... | We discuss principles governing the spread and management of diseases in natural forest ecosystems . Invasive organisms are damaging world forests and agricultural crops at an increasing rate and severity due to global trade and environmental disturbances . While prevention is the best option , practitioners must decid... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"forestry",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"plant",
"biology",
"statistics",
"population",
"dynamics",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"integrated",
"control",
"plant",
"science",
"mathematics",
"pest",
"control",
"plant",
... | 2012 | Landscape Epidemiology and Control of Pathogens with Cryptic and Long-Distance Dispersal: Sudden Oak Death in Northern Californian Forests |
The brassinosteroids ( BRs ) represent a class of phytohormones , which regulate numerous aspects of growth and development . Here , a det2-9 mutant defective in BR synthesis was identified from an EMS mutant screening for defects in root length , and was used to investigate the role of BR in root development in Arabid... | Both brassinosteroids ( BRs ) and ethylene have been known to control root growth and development . ROS have been also reported to play an important role in root development . However , the relationship between BRs and ethylene or ROS in root growth and development was not addressed before . In this study , a det2-9 mu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"peroxidases",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"ethylene",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"ethylene",
"enzymes",
"brassica",
"enzymology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"hormones",
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
... | 2018 | Brassinosteroids regulate root growth by controlling reactive oxygen species homeostasis and dual effect on ethylene synthesis in Arabidopsis |
The community , the assemblage of organisms co-existing in a given space and time , has the potential to become one of the unifying concepts of biology , especially with the advent of high-throughput sequencing experiments that reveal genetic diversity exhaustively . In this spirit we show that a tool from community ec... | Living things are parts of complex communities , similar to humans living in cities . A quantitative way of describing such communities is to measure the abundance of each species in the community so that a sorted list of abundance numbers is produced , a so-called Rank Abundance Distribution ( RAD ) . With recent brea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"microbiome",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"data",
"management",
"b",
"cell",
"receptors",
"memory",
"b",
"cells",
"thermodynamics... | 2017 | Quantitative Comparison of Abundance Structures of Generalized Communities: From B-Cell Receptor Repertoires to Microbiomes |
The covalently closed circular DNA ( cccDNA ) of the hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) plays an essential role in chronic hepatitis . The cellular repair system is proposed to convert cytoplasmic nucleocapsid ( NC ) DNA ( partially double-stranded DNA ) into cccDNA in the nucleus . Recently , antiviral cytidine deaminases , AI... | Human cytidine deaminases , AID/APOBECs , are restriction factors against various types of viruses . These proteins have the ability to introduce a cytidine-to-uridine ( C-to-U ) hypermutation in the viral DNAs of the hepadnaviruses hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) and duck HBV ( DHBV ) models . It is well known that uracil r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"hepatitis",
"hepatitis",
"b",
"dna",
"modification",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"dna",
"viruses",
"viral",
"classification",
"virology",
"dna",
"dna",
"repair",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseas... | 2013 | Uracil DNA Glycosylase Counteracts APOBEC3G-Induced Hypermutation of Hepatitis B Viral Genomes: Excision Repair of Covalently Closed Circular DNA |
Visual estimation of the material and shape of an object from a single image includes a hard ill-posed computational problem . However , in our daily life we feel we can estimate both reasonably well . The neural computation underlying this ability remains poorly understood . Here we propose that the human visual syste... | Objects in our visual world contain a variety of material information . Although such information enables us to experience rich material impressions , it can be a distraction for the estimation of other physical properties such as shapes , albedos , and illuminations . The coupled estimation of these properties we huma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"astronomical",
"sciences",
"social",
"sciences",
"light",
"neuroscience",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"probability",
"distribution",
"luminance",
"mathematics",
"reflection",
"... | 2018 | Material and shape perception based on two types of intensity gradient information |
The chronic phase of HIV infection is marked by pathological activation of the immune system , the extent of which better predicts disease progression than either plasma viral load or CD4+ T cell count . Recently , translocation of microbial products from the gastrointestinal tract has been proposed as an underlying ca... | Persistent activation of the immune system is a hallmark of chronic HIV/SIV infections and predicts disease progression better than either plasma viral load or CD4+ T cell count . While the causes of immune activation during chronic infection are likely multifactorial , recent work has shown that microbial translocatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids"
] | 2010 | Damaged Intestinal Epithelial Integrity Linked to Microbial Translocation in Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections |
The highly variable tprK gene of Treponema pallidum has been acknowledged to be one of the mechanisms that causes persistent infection . Previous studies have mainly focused on the heterogeneity in tprK in propagated strains using a clone-based Sanger approach . Few studies have investigated tprK directly from clinical... | Variations in tprK have been acknowledged to be the major contributors to persistent Treponema pallidum infections . Previous studies were based on the clone-based Sanger approach , and most of them were performed in propagated strains using rabbits , which could not reflect the actual heterogeneous characteristics of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"treponematoses",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"next-generation",
"sequen... | 2019 | Profile of the tprK gene in primary syphilis patients based on next-generation sequencing |
Gut microbiota are shaped by a combination of ecological and evolutionary forces . While the ecological dynamics have been extensively studied , much less is known about how species of gut bacteria evolve over time . Here , we introduce a model-based framework for quantifying evolutionary dynamics within and across hos... | The human gut harbors a diverse microbial community whose composition is shaped by a variety of ecological forces . Given the high rates of turnover , the residents of this community might also have the opportunity to evolve over time by acquiring heritable changes to their genomes . Yet , despite the potential importa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"gut",
"bacteria",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"twins",
"developmental",
"biology",
"metagenomics",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"adaptation",
"population",
"biology",
"bacteria",
"evolutionary",
"genetics"... | 2019 | Evolutionary dynamics of bacteria in the gut microbiome within and across hosts |
Studies of nervous system connectivity , in a wide variety of species and at different scales of resolution , have identified several highly conserved motifs of network organization . One such motif is a heterogeneous distribution of connectivity across neural elements , such that some elements act as highly connected ... | Some elements of neural systems possess many more connections than others , marking them as network hubs . These hubs are often densely interconnected with each other , forming a so-called rich-club that is thought to support integrated function . Recent work in the mouse suggests that connected pairs of hubs show high... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"caenorhabditis",
"nervous",
"system",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"motor",
"neurons",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"brain",
"mapp... | 2018 | Hub connectivity, neuronal diversity, and gene expression in the Caenorhabditis elegans connectome |
Cyclic AMP-dependent pathways mediate the communication between external stimuli and the intracellular signaling machinery , thereby influencing important aspects of cellular growth , morphogenesis and differentiation . Crucial to proper function and robustness of these signaling cascades is the strict regulation and m... | Magnaporthe oryzae , an economically important fungal pathogen that causes the blast disease in rice and several cereal crops , is a model organism for studying fungus-host interactions . M . oryzae reproduces asexually by producing spores , which can switch to an infectious disease-causing mode of development in respo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"microbiology/plant-biotic",
"interactions",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling"
] | 2010 | PdeH, a High-Affinity cAMP Phosphodiesterase, Is a Key Regulator of Asexual and Pathogenic Differentiation in Magnaporthe oryzae |
Mechanisms generating diverse cell types from multipotent progenitors are fundamental for normal development . Pigment cells are derived from multipotent neural crest cells and their diversity in teleosts provides an excellent model for studying mechanisms controlling fate specification of distinct cell types . Zebrafi... | How individual cell fates become specified from multipotent progenitors is a fundamental question in developmental and stem cell biology . Body pigment cells derive from a multipotent progenitor , but while in zebrafish there are three types of pigment cells ( melanocytes , iridophores and xanthophores ) , in medaka th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"fish",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"pigments",
"animals",
"neuroscience",
"alleles",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"stem",
"cells",
"materials",
"science",
"exper... | 2018 | Distinct interactions of Sox5 and Sox10 in fate specification of pigment cells in medaka and zebrafish |
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