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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Mammalian DNA replication starts at distinct chromosomal sites in a tissue-specific pattern coordinated with transcription , but previous studies have not yet identified a chromatin modification that correlates with the initiation of DNA replication at particular genomic locations . Here we report that a distinct fract... | Before each cell division , cells must accurately duplicate their chromosomes . It is critical that cells coordinate the replication of DNA with the packaging of DNA into chromosomes to insure that all genetic and epigenetic information is accurately transmitted to the next generation . In eukaryotes , replication star... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"function",
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"functional",
"genomics",
"cell",
"division",
"rna",
"interference",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"cell",
"growth",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biolog... | 2013 | Methylation of Histone H3 on Lysine 79 Associates with a Group of Replication Origins and Helps Limit DNA Replication Once per Cell Cycle |
Traditional faecal-based methods have poor sensitivity for the detection of S . stercoralis , therefore are inadequate for post-treatment evaluation of infected patients who should be carefully monitored to exclude the persistence of the infection . In a previous study , we demonstrated high accuracy of five serology t... | Patients infected by S . stercoralis are at risk of fatal complications . It is therefore mandatory to demonstrate complete response to therapy . Post treatment evaluation should be done with highly sensitive diagnostic methods , which can exclude the persistence of the infection . Serology is more sensitive than fecal... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Accuracy of Five Serologic Tests for the Follow up of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection |
Many patterns of affiliative behaviour have been described for primates , for instance: reciprocation and exchange of grooming , grooming others of similar rank , reconciliation of fights , and preferential reconciliation with more valuable partners . For these patterns several functions and underlying cognitive proces... | Individual primates distribute their affiliative behaviour ( such as grooming ) in complex patterns among their group members . For instance , they reciprocate grooming , direct it more to partners the higher the partner's rank , use it to reconcile fights and do so in particular with partners that are more valuable . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuroscience/behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"ecology/behavioral",
"ecology",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience/animal",
"cognition",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Emergent Patterns of Social Affiliation in Primates, a Model |
The most prominent developmental regulators in oocytes are RNA-binding proteins ( RNAbps ) that assemble their targets into ribonucleoprotein granules where they are stored , transported and translationally regulated . RNA-binding protein of multiple splice forms 2 , or Rbpms2 , interacts with molecules that are essent... | Oocyte development relies on posttranscriptional regulation by RNA binding proteins ( RNAbps ) . RNAbps form large multi-molecular structures called RNPs ( ribonucleoproteins ) that further aggregate into regulatory granules within germ cells . In zebrafish primary oocytes , a large transient RNP aggregate called the B... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"rna-binding",
"proteins",
"fish",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"gonads",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"xenopus",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"germ",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology",
"oocytes",
"model",
"organisms",
"amphib... | 2018 | rbpms2 functions in Balbiani body architecture and ovary fate |
JIP3/UNC-16/dSYD is a MAPK-scaffolding protein with roles in protein trafficking . We show that it is present on the Golgi and is necessary for the polarized distribution of synaptic vesicle proteins ( SVPs ) and dendritic proteins in neurons . UNC-16 excludes Golgi enzymes from SVP transport carriers and facilitates i... | Synaptic vesicles ( SVs ) have a defined composition and size at the synapse . The multiple synaptic vesicle proteins ( SVPs ) found on these vesicle membranes are synthesized at and trafficked out of the cell body in distinct transport carriers . However , we do not yet understand how different SVPs are sorted and tra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"protein",
"transport",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"nervous",
"system",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"synaptic",
"vesicles",
"golgi",
"apparatus",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"neuronal... | 2017 | UNC-16/JIP3 regulates early events in synaptic vesicle protein trafficking via LRK-1/LRRK2 and AP complexes |
In June 2015 , a cholera outbreak was declared in Juba , South Sudan . In addition to standard outbreak control measures , oral cholera vaccine ( OCV ) was proposed . As sufficient doses to cover the at-risk population were unavailable , a campaign using half the standard dosing regimen ( one-dose ) targeted high-risk ... | Oral cholera vaccine ( OCV ) is becoming part of the standard cholera-control toolkit , although experience in deploying OCV is limited . Adapting vaccination strategies to the global availability of vaccines and the local context ( i . e . , population movement , security constraints , etc . ) is key to maximize the i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"built",
"structures",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"census",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"age",
"groups",
"research",
"design",
"adults",
"neglected... | 2017 | Neighborhood-targeted and case-triggered use of a single dose of oral cholera vaccine in an urban setting: Feasibility and vaccine coverage |
The diversity of a highly variable RNA plant virus was considered to determine the range of virulence substitutions , the evolutionary pathways to virulence , and whether intraspecific diversity modulates virulence pathways and propensity . In all , 114 isolates representative of the genetic and geographic diversity of... | Parallel changes in independently evolving lineages are important , but their contribution to pathogen evolution has not been assessed at the species level . We investigated the extent of phenotypic and genotypic parallel evolution in a highly variable RNA plant virus species , Rice yellow mottle virus ( RYMV ) . Isola... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viruses",
"virology"
] | 2007 | Theme and Variations in the Evolutionary Pathways to Virulence of an RNA Plant Virus Species |
Mad2 is a key component of the spindle assembly checkpoint , a safety device ensuring faithful sister chromatid separation in mitosis . The target of Mad2 is Cdc20 , an activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome ( APC/C ) . Mad2 binding to Cdc20 is a complex reaction that entails the conformational conversio... | Mitosis , the partition of chromosomes from a mother cell to the two daughter cells , is based on the formation of attachments between chromosomes and the mitotic spindle . Cells enter mitosis with replicated chromosomes ( sister chromatids ) that are held together by a cohesive force . Upon attachment of the sister ch... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"mathematics",
"cell",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2009 | The Influence of Catalysis on Mad2 Activation Dynamics |
Wolbachia are alpha-proteobacteria known to infect arthropods , which are of interest for disease control since they have been associated with improved resistance to viral infection . Although several genomes for different strains have been sequenced , there is little knowledge regarding the relationship between this b... | The expansion of the geographic distribution of arthropods has led to an increase in the number of infections of Zika and Dengue . This motivates the search for new alternative approaches for disease control . Wolbachia pipientis , an obligate intracellular bacteria known to provide pathogen-blocking capabilities to it... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"rickettsia",
"wolbachia",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"genome",
"analysis",
"bacteria",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"amino",
"acid",
"metabolism",
"infectiou... | 2019 | A systems biology approach for studying Wolbachia metabolism reveals points of interaction with its host in the context of arboviral infection |
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease endemic to central and western Africa , where it is a major public health concern . Although Monkeypox virus ( MPXV ) and monkeypox disease in humans have been well characterized , little is known about its natural history , or its maintenance in animal populations of sylvatic reservoir ... | Post smallpox eradication , Monkeypox virus ( MPXV ) has emerged as the most important human health threat within the Orthopoxvirus genus . Sporadic outbreaks of monkeypox within Africa , concern over the potential of the virus to move outside of its natural range , as well as the increasing proportion of unvaccinated ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Laboratory Investigations of African Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) as a Potential Reservoir Host Species for Monkeypox Virus |
The mitochondrial β-oxidation system is one of the central metabolic pathways of energy metabolism in mammals . Enzyme defects in this pathway cause fatty acid oxidation disorders . To elucidate the role of 2 , 4-dienoyl-CoA reductase ( DECR ) as an auxiliary enzyme in the mitochondrial β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty... | Fatty acids released from triacylglycerols or obtained from the diet serve as a main energy provider to the heart and skeletal muscle , and when carbohydrates are scarce , fatty acids provide energy for the whole organism . Inherited disorders of mitochondrial β-oxidation are among the most common inborn errors of meta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models"
] | 2009 | Mitochondrial 2,4-dienoyl-CoA Reductase Deficiency in Mice Results in Severe Hypoglycemia with Stress Intolerance and Unimpaired Ketogenesis |
There is little knowledge of factors and mechanisms for coordinating bacterial chromosome replication and segregation . Previous studies have revealed that genes ( and their products ) that surround the origin of replication ( oriCII ) of Vibrio cholerae chromosome II ( chrII ) are critical for controlling the replicat... | There is scant knowledge of factors and mechanisms that link bacterial chromosome replication and segregation . We investigated the mechanisms that coordinate the replication and segregation of Vibrio cholerae chromosome II ( chrII ) . Our findings suggest that control of V . cholerae chrII replication and segregation ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"dna",
"replication",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"dna",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Regulatory Cross-Talk Links Vibrio cholerae Chromosome II Replication and Segregation |
The conjugative plasmid R388 and a number of other plasmids carry an operon , stbABC , adjacent to the origin of conjugative transfer . We investigated the role of the stbA , stbB , and stbC genes . Deletion of stbA affected both conjugation and stability . It led to a 50-fold increase in R388 transfer frequency , as w... | The ability of bacteria to evolve and adapt to new environments most often results from the acquisition of new genes by horizontal transfer . Plasmids have a preponderant role in gene exchanges through their ability to transfer DNA by conjugation , a process that transports DNA between bacteria . Besides , plasmids are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"escherichia",
"coli",
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2011 | The stb Operon Balances the Requirements for Vegetative Stability and Conjugative Transfer of Plasmid R388 |
Gut microbiomes play crucial roles in animal health , and shifts in the gut microbial community structure can have detrimental impacts on hosts . Studies with vertebrate models and human subjects suggest that antibiotic treatments greatly perturb the native gut community , thereby facilitating proliferation of pathogen... | There is growing evidence for the importance of gut microbes in animal health . Unlike most other insects , honeybees possess a highly conserved gut microbial community , which is acquired through social contact , and several results have suggested that these microbes play an important role in honeybee health . Antibio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gut",
"bacteria",
"microbiome",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"honey",
"bees",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"tetracyclines",
"antibiotics",
"enterobacteriaceae",... | 2017 | Antibiotic exposure perturbs the gut microbiota and elevates mortality in honeybees |
Holometabolous insects stop feeding at the final larval instar stage and then undergo metamorphosis; however , the mechanism is unclear . In the present study , using the serious lepidopteran agricultural pest Helicoverpa armigera as a model , we revealed that 20-hydroxyecdysone ( 20E ) binds to the dopamine receptor (... | The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone ( 20E ) represses insect larval feeding and promotes metamorphosis; however , the mechanism is unclear . The dopamine receptor plays important roles in animal motor function and reward-motivated behavior . Using the serious lepidopteran agricultural pest Helicoverpa armigera as a ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"invertebrates",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"animals",
"hormones",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"developmental",
"biology",
"amines",
"neurotransmitters",
"catecholamines",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
... | 2019 | The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone binds to dopamine receptor to repress lepidopteran insect feeding and promote pupation |
It has long been proposed that much of the information encoding how a protein folds is contained locally in the peptide chain . Here we present a large-scale simulation study designed to examine the extent to which conformations of peptide fragments in water predict native conformations in proteins . We perform replica... | Proteins must fold to unique native structures in order to perform their functions . To do this , proteins must solve a complicated conformational search problem , the details of which remain difficult to study experimentally . Predicting folding pathways and the mechanisms by which proteins fold is thus central to und... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/protein",
"structure",
"prediction",
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"dynamics",
"biophysics/protein",
"folding"
] | 2009 | Predicting Peptide Structures in Native Proteins from Physical Simulations of Fragments |
In order to increase the efficient allocation of soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) disease control resources in the Philippines , we aimed to describe for the first time the spatial variation in the prevalence of A . lumbricoides , T . trichiura and hookworm across the country , quantify the association between the phy... | Soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) infections with A . lumbricoides , T . trichiura and hookworms are endemic in all 80 provinces of the Philippines , but the spatial variation in the prevalence of these infections has not been previously described . This analysis revealed that while A . lumbricoides and T . trichiura i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Mapping the Risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Philippines |
Although dengue is endemic in Puerto Rico ( PR ) , 2007 and 2010 were recognized as epidemic years . In the continental United States ( US ) , outside of the Texas-Mexico border , there had not been a dengue outbreak since 1946 until dengue re-emerged in Key West , Florida ( FL ) , in 2009–2010 . The objective of this ... | Dengue is an important tropical disease seen throughout the world in tropical climate zones and is spread by Aedes mosquitoes . Most cases of dengue in the continental US are imported . In July 2009 through 2010 , dengue virus was found to be circulating in Key West , Florida ( FL ) . Dengue virus has been transmitted ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"clinical",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"dengue",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Dengue Surveillance in Veterans Affairs Healthcare Facilities, 2007–2010 |
The establishment of connectivity between specific thalamic nuclei and cortical areas involves a dynamic interplay between the guidance of thalamocortical axons and the elaboration of cortical areas in response to appropriate innervation . We show here that Sema6A mutants provide a unique model to test current ideas on... | During brain development , the emergence of distinct areas in the cerebral cortex involves an interplay between patterning of the cortical sheet in the early embryo and later influences of incoming connections made from other brain areas , namely the thalamus . Connectivity between the thalamus and the cortex is initia... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Specificity and Plasticity of Thalamocortical Connections in Sema6A Mutant Mice |
T-DNA activation-tagging technology is widely used to study rice gene functions . When T-DNA inserts into genome , the flanking gene expression may be altered using CaMV 35S enhancer , but the affected genes still need to be validated by biological experiment . We have developed the EAT-Rice platform to predict the fla... | Among all the food crops , the rice is one of the staple foods in the human population , especially in Asia . However , the human population increases rapidly and the cultivated areas decrease in these decades . To solve the food crisis in the future , the rice researchers devote themselves to study on the gene functio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"cereal",
"crops",
"rice",
"artificial",
"intelligence",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"genome",
"analysis",
"crops",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"plants",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
... | 2019 | EAT-Rice: A predictive model for flanking gene expression of T-DNA insertion activation-tagged rice mutants by machine learning approaches |
In a cross sectional study , 19 French and 23 Colombian cases of confirmed active ocular toxoplasmosis ( OT ) were evaluated . The objective was to compare clinical , parasitological and immunological responses and relate them to the infecting strains . A complete ocular examination was performed in each patient . The ... | Ocular toxoplasmosis ( OT ) , due to protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii , is a potential complication of both acquired and congenital infection , leading to visual impairment in numerous countries and being responsible for 30 to 50% of uveitis cases in immunocompetent individuals . In this study we confirmed the pres... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Severe South American Ocular Toxoplasmosis Is Associated with Decreased Ifn-γ/Il-17a and Increased Il-6/Il-13 Intraocular Levels |
Cohesin subunit SMC1β is specific and essential for meiosis . Previous studies showed functions of SMC1β in determining the axis-loop structure of synaptonemal complexes ( SCs ) , in providing sister chromatid cohesion ( SCC ) in metaphase I and thereafter , in protecting telomere structure , and in synapsis . However ... | The generation of mammalian gametes through meiosis comprises two subsequent cell divisions . The first division , meiosis I , features highly specific chromosome structures , and behavior , and requires distinct sets of chromosome-associated proteins . Cohesin proteins , of which some are meiosis-specific , are essent... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Meiotic Cohesin SMC1β Provides Prophase I Centromeric Cohesion and Is Required for Multiple Synapsis-Associated Functions |
Rabies is a viral zoonosis that has been described in limited numbers of studies in Ethiopia at large and among pastoralists in particular . This study assessed dog demography , bite wound prevalence and management , potential risk factors of disease transmission and knowledge attitude practice towards rabies among urb... | Rabies is a fatal viral disease of animals and people . People usually get infected via bites from an infected animal ( e . g . dog ) . Post exposure prophylaxis ( PEP ) has to be initiated immediately after bite wounds of suspected rabid animals in order to avoid fatalities . The situation of rabies is poorly known in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"demography",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"geographical",
"locations",
"dogs",
"animals",
"mammals",
"health",
"care",
"viruses",
... | 2016 | Dog Demography, Animal Bite Management and Rabies Knowledge-Attitude and Practices in the Awash Basin, Eastern Ethiopia |
Science revolves around the best way of conducting an experiment to obtain insightful results . Experiments with maximal information content can be found by computational experimental design ( ED ) strategies that identify optimal conditions under which to perform the experiment . Several criteria have been proposed to... | Designing experiments is obligatory in the biosciences to valorize their scientific outcome . When the experiments are expensive , unfortunately , in practice often the costs emerge to be showstoppers . In this situation the question arises: How to get the most out of the experiment for your invest in terms of time and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"and",
"models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"liquid",
"chromatography",
"experimental",
"design",
"social",
"sciences",
"random",
"variables",
"carbohydrates",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"covariance",
"research",
"design",
"mathematics",
"metabolites",
"network",
"analysis",
"research... | 2018 | A Pareto approach to resolve the conflict between information gain and experimental costs: Multiple-criteria design of carbon labeling experiments |
The formation of proteins into stable protein complexes plays a fundamental role in the operation of the cell . The study of the degree of evolutionary conservation of protein complexes between species and the evolution of protein-protein interactions has been hampered by lack of comprehensive coverage of the high-thro... | Protein complexes are a pivotal part of the functioning of cells in health and disease . Studying the evolution of these essential cellular features is of great intrinsic as well as practical interest . However , the study of the evolution of protein complexes by comparative analysis is fraught with difficulties . Henc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2008 | Protein Complex Evolution Does Not Involve Extensive Network Rewiring |
Cytokinesis requires the spatio-temporal coordination of membrane deposition and primary septum ( PS ) formation at the division site to drive acto-myosin ring ( AMR ) constriction . It has been demonstrated that AMR constriction invariably occurs only after the mitotic spindle disassembly . It has also been establishe... | The cytokinesis machinery that is required for physical separation of mother-daughter cells during mitosis is highly conserved from yeast to humans . In budding yeast , cytokinesis is achieved via timely delivery of cytokinetic enzymes to the division site that eventually triggers the constriction of AMR . It has been ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"metaphase",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"light",
"microscopy",
"mitosis",
"microscopy",
"cytokinesis",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"... | 2016 | Timely Endocytosis of Cytokinetic Enzymes Prevents Premature Spindle Breakage during Mitotic Exit |
The auditory pathway consists of multiple stages , from the cochlear nucleus to the auditory cortex . Neurons acting at different stages have different functions and exhibit different response properties . It is unclear whether these stages share a common encoding mechanism . We trained an unsupervised deep learning mo... | When speech enters the ear , it is subjected to a series of processing stages prior to arriving at the auditory cortex . Neurons acting at different processing stages have different response properties . For example , at the auditory midbrain , a neuron may specifically detect the onsets of a frequency component in the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"auditory",
"cortex",
"linguistics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"auditory",
"pathway",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"coding",
"mechanisms",
"inferior",
"colliculus",
"sensory",
"physiology",
"animal",
"cells... | 2019 | A hierarchical sparse coding model predicts acoustic feature encoding in both auditory midbrain and cortex |
The budding yeast Srs2 is the archetype of helicases that regulate several aspects of homologous recombination ( HR ) to maintain genomic stability . Srs2 inhibits HR at replication forks and prevents high frequencies of crossing-over . Additionally , sensitivity to DNA damage and synthetic lethality with replication a... | Homologous recombination ( HR ) is essential for double-strand break repair and participates in post-replication restart of stalled and collapsed replication forks . However , HR can lead to genome rearrangements and has to be strictly controlled . The budding yeast Srs2 is involved in the prevention of high crossing-o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Rad52 Sumoylation Prevents the Toxicity of Unproductive Rad51 Filaments Independently of the Anti-Recombinase Srs2 |
Trachoma is a major cause of blindness in Southern Sudan . Its distribution has only been partially established and many communities in need of intervention have therefore not been identified or targeted . The present study aimed to develop a tool to improve targeting of survey and control activities . A national trach... | Trachoma , caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis , is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide and a major cause of blindness in Southern Sudan . However , the trachoma distribution in Southern Sudan has only been partially established and many communities in need of intervention have not been ident... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"mathematics/statistics"
] | 2010 | Targeting Trachoma Control through Risk Mapping: The Example of Southern Sudan |
The threat of viral pandemics demands a comprehensive understanding of evolution at the host–pathogen interface . Here , we show that the accessibility of adaptive mutations in influenza nucleoprotein at fever-like temperatures is mediated by host chaperones . Particularly noteworthy , we observe that the Pro283 nucleo... | Viruses , such as influenza , evade the host immune response by mutating frequently . However , these adaptive amino acid substitutions are often biophysically deleterious and can thus increase the propensity for viral proteins to misfold and hamper viral replication . Host protein folding factors called chaperones int... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"influenza",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"viruses",
"nucleoproteins",
"rna",
"vir... | 2018 | Destabilized adaptive influenza variants critical for innate immune system escape are potentiated by host chaperones |
Environmental factors during early life are critical for the later metabolic health of the individual and of future progeny . In our obesogenic environment , it is of great socioeconomic importance to investigate the mechanisms that contribute to the risk of metabolic ill health . Imprinted genes , a class of functiona... | Environmental perturbations during early life are known to affect one's risk of metabolic disease many years later . Furthermore , that risk can be inherited by future generations , although the mechanisms responsible are poorly understood . Imprinted genes are unusual as only one of the two copies is expressed in a pa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"genomics",
"physiology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | An Unbiased Assessment of the Role of Imprinted Genes in an Intergenerational Model of Developmental Programming |
The transition from hunting and gathering to farming involved a major cultural innovation that has spread rapidly over most of the globe in the last ten millennia . In sub-Saharan Africa , hunter–gatherers have begun to shift toward an agriculture-based lifestyle over the last 5 , 000 years . Only a few populations sti... | The central African belt represents a key region for understanding recent changes in human history and modes of subsistence because the largest group of hunter–gatherers of Africa , the Pygmies , still inhabits this region and coexists with neighboring agricultural populations . However , the understanding of the peopl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/human",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | Inferring the Demographic History of African Farmers and Pygmy Hunter–Gatherers Using a Multilocus Resequencing Data Set |
It is now recognized that molecular circuits with positive feedback can induce two different gene expression states ( bistability ) under the very same cellular conditions . Whether , and how , cells make use of the coexistence of a larger number of stable states ( multistability ) is however largely unknown . Here , w... | An essential attribute of living cells is the capacity to select among various alternatives when confronted with external or internal cues . These decisions can be directly linked to survival , as the sporulation/competence choice in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis , or be involved in the establishment of developmental... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Multistable Decision Switches for Flexible Control of Epigenetic Differentiation |
Comparisons of levels of variability on the autosomes and X chromosome can be used to test hypotheses about factors influencing patterns of genomic variation . While a tremendous amount of nucleotide sequence data from across the genome is now available for multiple human populations , there has been no systematic effo... | Like many primate species , the mating system of humans is considered to be moderately polygynous ( i . e . , males exhibit a higher variance in reproductive success than females ) . As a consequence , males are expected to have a lower effective population size ( Ne ) than females , and the proportion of neutral genet... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/human",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"biology/sexual",
"behavior",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2008 | Sex-Biased Evolutionary Forces Shape Genomic Patterns of Human Diversity |
Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) infection of hepatocytes begins by binding to its cellular receptor sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide ( NTCP ) , followed by the internalization of viral nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm . The viral relaxed circular ( rc ) DNA genome in nucleocapsid is transported into the nucleus ... | HBV chronically infects 240 million people worldwide . Persistent HBV infection relies on stable maintenance of the nuclear form of viral genome , the covalently closed circular ( ccc ) DNA . However , the molecular mechanism underlying the conversion of HBV genomic relaxed circular ( rc ) DNA into cccDNA remains elusi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"liver",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"micro... | 2016 | DNA Polymerase κ Is a Key Cellular Factor for the Formation of Covalently Closed Circular DNA of Hepatitis B Virus |
Most epidemiological and clinical reports on snake envenoming focus on a single country and describe rural communities as being at greatest risk . Reports linking snakebite vulnerability to socioeconomic status are usually limited to anecdotal statements . The few reports with a global perspective have identified the t... | Every year snake envenoming kills more people in the tropics than some of the world's recognised neglected tropical diseases ( NTDs ) , including schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis . While lacking the epidemic potential of an infectious/vector-borne disease , snake envenoming in rural tropical communities has as great a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methodology",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases"
] | 2009 | Snake Envenoming: A Disease of Poverty |
Protein conformational changes and dynamic behavior are fundamental for such processes as catalysis , regulation , and substrate recognition . Although protein dynamics have been successfully explored in computer simulation , there is an intermediate-scale of motions that has proven difficult to simulate—the motion of ... | Many proteins undergo large motions to carry out their biological functions . The exact nature of these motions is typically inferred from the crystal structures of the protein trapped in different states , which normally constitutes a difficult series of experiments . As molecular dynamics is generally accepted to acc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"dynamics",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation"
] | 2009 | Probing the Flexibility of Large Conformational Changes in Protein Structures through Local Perturbations |
As animals move through the world in search of resources , they change course in reaction to both external sensory cues and internally-generated programs . Elucidating the functional logic of complex search algorithms is challenging because the observable actions of the animal cannot be unambiguously assigned to extern... | Researchers have spent considerable effort studying how specific sensory stimuli elicit behavioral responses and how other behaviors may arise independent of external inputs in conditions of sensory deprivation . Yet an animal in its natural context , such as searching for food or mates , turns both in response to exte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2013 | Discriminating External and Internal Causes for Heading Changes in Freely Flying Drosophila |
Hypertension is a leading cause of global disease , mortality , and disability . While individuals of African descent suffer a disproportionate burden of hypertension and its complications , they have been underrepresented in genetic studies . To identify novel susceptibility loci for blood pressure and hypertension in... | Hypertension is a global health problem which affects disproportionally people of African descent . We conducted a genome-wide association study of blood pressure in 31 , 968 Africans and African Americans to identify genes conferring susceptibility to increased blood pressure . This research identified three novel gen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Pathway",
"analyses",
"suggest",
"enrichment",
"of",
"immune",
"pathways",
"for",
"BP",
"traits",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"africans",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ethnicities",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"genome",
"analysis",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"kidneys",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"mathematical",
"... | 2017 | Single-trait and multi-trait genome-wide association analyses identify novel loci for blood pressure in African-ancestry populations |
Studies of the relationship between DNA variation and gene expression variation , often referred to as “expression quantitative trait loci ( eQTL ) mapping” , have been conducted in many species and resulted in many significant findings . Because of the large number of genes and genetic markers in such analyses , it is... | Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have yielded several causal genes for many human diseases . However , the mechanisms underlying how DNA variations affect disease phenotypes have not been well understood in many cases . Gene expression is intermediate between DNA and clinical endpoints . Linking DNA variation a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/population",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"... | 2010 | A Bayesian Partition Method for Detecting Pleiotropic and Epistatic eQTL Modules |
Although significant variations in the metabolic profiles exist among different cells , little is understood in terms of genetic regulations of such cell type–specific metabolic phenotypes and nutrient requirements . While many cancer cells depend on exogenous glutamine for survival to justify the therapeutic targeting... | Different types of cells have distinct ways of utilizing nutrients and generating energy , thus resulting in distinct nutrient needs . Such cell type–specific metabolic differences are associated with many biological processes and force the symbiosis between different cells and organisms . For example , glutamine symbi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiological",
"processes",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"phenotypes",
"heredity",
"physiology",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"biology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"energy",
"metabolism"
] | 2011 | Glutamine Synthetase Is a Genetic Determinant of Cell Type–Specific Glutamine Independence in Breast Epithelia |
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , with information on neural connectivity , three-dimensional position and cell linage , provides a unique system for understanding the development of neural networks . Although C . elegans has been widely studied in the past , we present the first statistical study from a developmen... | Long-distance connections are crucial for information processing in neural systems , and changes in long-distance connectivity have been shown for many brain diseases ranging from Alzheimer's to schizophrenia . How do long-distance connections develop ? Traditionally , connections can be formed over long distances usin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/neurodevelopment",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2011 | Neural Development Features: Spatio-Temporal Development of the Caenorhabditis elegans Neuronal Network |
Plant primary metabolism is a highly coordinated , central , and complex network of biochemical processes regulated at both the genetic and post-translational levels . The genetic basis of this network can be explored by analyzing the metabolic composition of genetically diverse genotypes in a given plant species . Her... | Primary metabolites are key elements in plant growth and development . Our partial understanding of their biosynthesis and regulation derives mostly from biochemical and genetic modification experiments . The recent generation of large-scale genome-wide data , along with the advances in mass-spectrometry techniques , a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"brassica",
"enzymology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"model",
"organisms",
"tyrosine",
"metabolites",
"network",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"amino",
"aci... | 2016 | Combined Use of Genome-Wide Association Data and Correlation Networks Unravels Key Regulators of Primary Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana |
Enhanced protein aggregation and/or impaired clearance of aggregates can lead to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease , Huntington’s Disease , and prion diseases . Therefore , many protein quality control factors specialize in recognizing and degrading aggregation-prone proteins . Prions , which gene... | Protein aggregation is associated with a variety of diseases , including Alzheimer’s disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis . Cells possess a number of factors that can recognize aggregation-prone protein features and prevent aggregation . One common way this is achieved is through the pre-emptive degradation of agg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"prions",
"organic",
"compounds",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"amino",
"acids",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and... | 2018 | Sequence features governing aggregation or degradation of prion-like proteins |
Oleaginous microalgae are promising feedstock for biofuels , yet the genetic diversity , origin and evolution of oleaginous traits remain largely unknown . Here we present a detailed phylogenomic analysis of five oleaginous Nannochloropsis species ( a total of six strains ) and one time-series transcriptome dataset for... | Microalgae are promising feedstock for biofuels . However , the diversity , origin and evolution of oil-producing microalgal genomes in general , and those of their oleaginous traits in particular , remain poorly understood . We present five new genomes of the oleaginous microalgae Nannochloropsis spp . that allow genu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"sequencing",
"plant",
"science",
"functional",
"genomics",
"genome",
"evolution",
"plant",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genomics",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genomic",
"evolution",
... | 2014 | Nannochloropsis Genomes Reveal Evolution of Microalgal Oleaginous Traits |
An increasing number of broadly neutralizing antibodies ( bnAbs ) are considered leads for HIV-1 vaccine development and novel therapeutics . Here , we systematically explored the capacity of bnAbs to neutralize HIV-1 prior to and post-CD4 engagement and to block HIV-1 cell-cell transmission . Cell-cell spread is known... | When selecting broadly neutralizing antibodies ( bnAbs ) for clinical application , potency and breadth against free viruses are vital , but additional features may be needed to ensure in vivo efficacy . Considering that HIV-1 can utilize free virus and cell-cell transmission to infect , the efficacy of neutralizing an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Capacity of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to Inhibit HIV-1 Cell-Cell Transmission Is Strain- and Epitope-Dependent |
Taiwan is an island located in the south Pacific , a subtropical region that is home to 61 species of snakes . Of these snakes , four species—Trimeresurus stejnegeri , Protobothrops mucrosquamatus , Bungarus multicinctus and Naja atra—account for more than 90% of clinical envenomation cases . Currently , there are two ... | Snakebite is a public health issue that causes life-threatening medical emergencies . Rapid diagnosis of snakebite in the clinic is a critical necessity in many tropical and subtropical countries , where various venomous snakes are common . Venoms from different snake species contain distinct protein components that re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"body",
"fluids",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"animal",
... | 2018 | Development of sandwich ELISA and lateral flow strip assays for diagnosing clinically significant snakebite in Taiwan |
Egress of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum from its host red blood cell is a rapid , highly regulated event that is essential for maintenance and completion of the parasite life cycle . Egress is protease-dependent and is temporally associated with extensive proteolytic modification of parasite proteins , inc... | Malaria , a disease that kills hundreds of thousands of people each year , is caused by a single-celled parasite that grows in red blood cells of infected individuals . Following each round of parasite multiplication , the infected red cells are actively ruptured in a process called egress , releasing a new generation ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"parasite",
"groups",
"plasmodium",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"microbiology",
"cloning",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"organisms",
"apicomplexa",
"protozoans",
"red",
"blood",
"cells",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques"... | 2017 | The Plasmodium falciparum pseudoprotease SERA5 regulates the kinetics and efficiency of malaria parasite egress from host erythrocytes |
The therapy of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is limited by resistance , toxicity and decreased bioavailability of the existing drugs coupled with dramatic increase in HIV-co-infection , non-availability of vaccines and down regulation of cell-mediated immunity ( CMI ) . Thus , we envisaged combating the problem with pl... | In the absence of vaccines and escalating resistance to the available chemotherapeutic drugs , alternate therapeutic options are urgently needed for visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) or kala-azar , a systemic and potentially fatal , vector-borne neglected tropical disease , caused by Leishmania donovani . In the present st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"developmental",
"biology... | 2016 | Immunotherapeutic Potential of Eugenol Emulsion in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis |
Contractions on the descending limb of the total ( active + passive ) muscle force—length relationship ( i . e . when muscle stiffness is negative ) are expected to lead to vast half-sarcomere—length inhomogeneities . This is however not observed in experiments—vast half-sarcomere—length inhomogeneities can be absent i... | Muscle force generation is a complex process depending on muscle length , activation , and other time-dependent properties . Contractions on the descending limb of the force—length relation ( i . e . when the maximum isometric force decreases with increasing muscle length ) are interesting , since this behaviour is exp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"myofibrils",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"muscle",
"tissue",
"skeletal",
"muscles",
"biomechanics",
"muscle",
"contraction",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"materials",
"science",
"damage",
"mechanics",
"research",
"and",
"analy... | 2017 | A continuum-mechanical skeletal muscle model including actin-titin interaction predicts stable contractions on the descending limb of the force-length relation |
HIV is a highly mutable virus for which all attempts to develop a vaccine have been unsuccessful . Nevertheless , few long-infected patients develop antibodies , called broadly neutralizing antibodies ( bnAbs ) , that have a high breadth and can neutralize multiple variants of the virus . This suggests that a universal... | Although we are now almost 40 years into the AIDS epidemics , no approved vaccine for HIV exists . This is due to the high mutability of HIV , which allows it to escape the immune system control . Nevertheless , a few long-infected patients have been able to develop antibodies , called broadly neutralizing antibodies (... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"crystal",
"structure",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"neural",
"networks",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"microbiology",
"neuroscience",
"retroviruses",
"virus... | 2019 | Estimation of the breadth of CD4bs targeting HIV antibodies by molecular modeling and machine learning |
Among Caliciviridae , the norovirus genus encompasses enteric viruses that infect humans as well as several animal species , causing gastroenteritis . Porcine strains are classified together with human strains within genogroup II , whilst bovine norovirus strains represent genogroup III . Various GI and GII human strai... | Noroviruses are a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans and other mammals such as pigs and cows . Various human strains are known to bind complex sugar structures related to ABO blood groups . A single strain does not recognize all people owing to the individual variation in ABO-related antigens . Binding to these m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology/gastrointestinal",
"infections",
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"virology",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susc... | 2009 | The αGal Epitope of the Histo-Blood Group Antigen Family Is a Ligand for Bovine Norovirus Newbury2 Expected to Prevent Cross-Species Transmission |
Transcriptional elongation requires the concerted action of several factors that allow RNA polymerase II to advance through chromatin in a highly processive manner . In order to identify novel elongation factors , we performed systematic yeast genetic screening based on the GLAM ( Gene Length-dependent Accumulation of ... | Transcription is the biological process that allows genes to be copied into RNA; the molecule that can be read by the cell in order to fabricate its structural components , proteins . Transcription is carried out by RNA polymerases , but these molecular machines need auxiliary factors to guide them through the genome a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | The Prefoldin Complex Regulates Chromatin Dynamics during Transcription Elongation |
Dicer is a large multi-domain protein responsible for the ultimate step of microRNA and short-interfering RNA biogenesis . In human and mouse cell lines , Dicer has been shown to be important in the nuclear clearance of dsRNA as well as the establishment of chromatin modifications . Here we set out to unambiguously def... | Dicer has first been described as the enzyme dedicated to the generation of small RNA fragments from long double stranded RNA . This function of Dicer of playing a central role in the microRNA and short-interfering RNA biogenesis pathways was found to be taking place in the cytoplasm of the cell . However , recent stud... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"gene",
"regulation",
"immunology",
"cytoplasmic",
"staining",
"dna",
"damage",
"developmental",
"biology",
"immunoprecipitation",
"dna",
"embryos",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
... | 2016 | Endogenous Mouse Dicer Is an Exclusively Cytoplasmic Protein |
All gammaherpesviruses encode a major glycoprotein homologous to the Epstein-Barr virus gp350 . These glycoproteins are often involved in cell binding , and some provide neutralization targets . However , the capacity of gammaherpesviruses for long-term transmission from immune hosts implies that in vivo neutralization... | Herpesvirus transmission between immune hosts implies some kind of antibody evasion . However , the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown . All gammaherpesviruses encode a major glycoprotein homologous to the Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) gp350 . Gp350 binds EBV to B cells and provides a neutralization ta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"humoral",
"immunity",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"viral",
"immune",
"evasion",
"immunity",
"virology",
"viral",
"classification",
"dna",
"viruses",
"veterinary",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2011 | Antibody Evasion by a Gammaherpesvirus O-Glycan Shield |
It has been suggested that imprinted genes are important in the regulation of sleep . However , the fundamental question of whether genomic imprinting has a role in sleep has remained elusive up to now . In this work we show that REM and NREM sleep states are differentially modulated by the maternally expressed imprint... | REM and NREM sleep are two distinct stages of the sleeping brain that are involved in the modulation of metabolic , physiological , and cognitive processes . Clinical evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms , such as genomic imprinting , play a role in sleep . Here we show that REM and NREM brain states are differ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"cognition",
"genomic",
"imprinting",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"animal",
"cognition"
] | 2012 | Loss of Gnas Imprinting Differentially Affects REM/NREM Sleep and Cognition in Mice |
Intracellular colonization and persistent infection by the kinetoplastid protozoan parasite , Trypanosoma cruzi , underlie the pathogenesis of human Chagas disease . To obtain global insights into the T . cruzi infective process , transcriptome dynamics were simultaneously captured in the parasite and host cells in an ... | In-depth knowledge of the functional processes governing host colonization and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms is essential for the advancement of effective intervention strategies . This study focuses on Trypanosoma cruzi , the vector-borne protozoan parasite responsible for human Chagas disease and the lead... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"developmental",
"biology",
"trypomastigo... | 2016 | Transcriptome Remodeling in Trypanosoma cruzi and Human Cells during Intracellular Infection |
The neural crest ( NC ) is a vertebrate-specific cell type that contributes to a wide range of different tissues across all three germ layers . The gene regulatory network ( GRN ) responsible for the formation of neural crest is conserved across vertebrates . Central to the induction of the NC GRN are AP-2 and SoxE tra... | Embryonic development is an intricate process that requires genes to be active at the right time and place . Organisms have evolved mechanisms that ensure faithful execution of developmental programmes even if genes fail to function . For example , in a process called genetic compensation , one or more genes become act... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"fish",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"somites",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"stem"... | 2019 | The gene regulatory basis of genetic compensation during neural crest induction |
The bacterial enzyme β-lactamase hydrolyzes the β-lactam ring of penicillin and chemically related antibiotics , rendering them ineffective . Due to rampant antibiotic overuse , the enzyme is evolving new resistance activities at an alarming rate . Related , the enzyme's global physiochemical properties exhibit various... | Comparison of protein sequences and structures sharing function has become a well-established bioinformatics paradigm , leading to countless discoveries related to protein family sequence/structure/function relationships . However , sequence and structure alone provide only crude physiochemical descriptions , thus stre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics"
] | 2013 | Variations within Class-A β-Lactamase Physiochemical Properties Reflect Evolutionary and Environmental Patterns, but not Antibiotic Specificity |
The unfolded protein response ( UPR ) is an intracellular signaling pathway that counteracts variable stresses that impair protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) . As such , the UPR is thought to be a homeostat that finely tunes ER protein folding capacity and ER abundance according to need . The mechanism... | Secreted and membrane-spanning proteins constitute one of every three proteins produced by a eukaryotic cell . Many of these proteins initially fold and assemble in the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) . A variety of physiological and environmental conditions can increase the demands on the ER , overwhelming the ER protein... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/protein",
"folding",
"biochemistry/biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"biochemistry/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines",
"biochemistry/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"networks",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
... | 2010 | BiP Binding to the ER-Stress Sensor Ire1 Tunes the Homeostatic Behavior of the Unfolded Protein Response |
In the genome of the biotrophic plant pathogen Ustilago maydis , many of the genes coding for secreted protein effectors modulating virulence are arranged in gene clusters . The vast majority of these genes encode novel proteins whose expression is coupled to plant colonization . The largest of these gene clusters , cl... | In this study , we provide the first step to the functional analysis of the largest gene cluster in the Ustilago maydis genome encoding 24 secreted effectors . While the deletion of the entire cluster dramatically affected tumor formation and abolished anthocyanin induction , only one of the genes had a large contribut... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"mycology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbial",
"growth"... | 2014 | Characterization of the Largest Effector Gene Cluster of Ustilago maydis |
Cytomegaloviruses ( CMVs ) establish chronic , systemic infections . Peripheral infection spreads via lymph nodes , which are also a focus of host defence . Thus , this is a point at which systemic infection spread might be restricted . Subcapsular sinus macrophages ( SSM ) captured murine CMV ( MCMV ) from the afferen... | Cytomegaloviruses ( CMVs ) infect most people and are a common cause of fetal damage . We lack an effective vaccine . Our knowledge of human CMV is largely limited to chronic infection , which is hard to treat . Vaccination must target early infection . Related animal viruses therefore provide a vital source of informa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"vesicular",
"stomatitis",
"virus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"spleen",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cytomegal... | 2016 | Type 1 Interferons and NK Cells Limit Murine Cytomegalovirus Escape from the Lymph Node Subcapsular Sinus |
The Gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections ( CAUTI ) , which can progress to secondary bacteremia . While numerous studies have investigated experimental infection with P . mirabilis in the urinary tract , little is known about pathogenesis in the blo... | Proteus mirabilis is a common causative agent of catheter-associated urinary tract infections ( CAUTI ) , one of the most prevalent healthcare-associated infections . Multidrug-resistant isolates of P . mirabilis are increasingly common and pose a severe challenge for treatment of CAUTI and secondary bloodstream infect... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"spleen",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"operons",
"animal",
"models",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"ge... | 2019 | Twin arginine translocation, ammonia incorporation, and polyamine biosynthesis are crucial for Proteus mirabilis fitness during bloodstream infection |
In order to evaluate the role of persisting virus replication during occult phase immunisation in the live attenuated SIV vaccine model , a novel SIVmac239Δnef variant ( SIVrtTA ) genetically engineered to replicate in the presence of doxycycline was evaluated for its ability to protect against wild-type SIVmac239 . In... | Development of an HIV vaccine remains a global health priority . In non-human primates live-attenuated SIV induces a potent vaccine effect . Following disappearance of vaccine virus from the peripheral circulation replication persists in lymphoid tissue . To address whether this occult replication is critical to the ge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"viral",
"vaccines",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cytokines",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
... | 2016 | Role of Occult and Post-acute Phase Replication in Protective Immunity Induced with a Novel Live Attenuated SIV Vaccine |
Histone modifications are known to play an important role in the regulation of transcription . While individual modifications have received much attention in genome-wide analyses , little is known about their relationships . Some authors have built Bayesian networks of modifications , however most often they have used ... | Nucleosomes are protein complexes around which the DNA is wrapped for compactness . They are made of histone proteins that can be post-translationally modified and these histone modifications can affect the expression of surrounding genes . In the past decade , scientists have developed a strong interest in the part of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Finding Associations among Histone Modifications Using Sparse Partial Correlation Networks |
Recent research has produced a number of methods for forecasting seasonal influenza outbreaks . However , differences among the predicted outcomes of competing forecast methods can limit their use in decision-making . Here , we present a method for reconciling these differences using Bayesian model averaging . We gener... | Timely forecasts of infectious disease transmission can help public health officials , health care providers , and individuals better prepare for and respond to disease outbreaks . Work in recent years has led to the development of a number of forecast systems . These systems provide important information on future dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"influenza",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"health",
"care",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"seasons",
"health",
"care",
"providers",
"probability",
"distribution",
"mathematics",
"forecasting",
"statistics",
"(mathemat... | 2017 | Individual versus superensemble forecasts of seasonal influenza outbreaks in the United States |
The proteins involved in smooth muscle's molecular contractile mechanism – the anti-parallel motion of actin and myosin filaments driven by myosin heads interacting with actin – are found as different isoforms . While their expression levels are altered in disease states , their relevance to the mechanical interaction ... | Dependent on the required physiological function , smooth muscle executes relatively fast contraction-relaxation cycles or maintains long-term contraction . The proteins driving contraction – amongst them actin , tropomyosin , and the contraction-driving myosin motor – can show small changes in the way they are constru... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Molecular Mechanical Differences between Isoforms of Contractile Actin in the Presence of Isoforms of Smooth Muscle Tropomyosin |
Epidemiological data from Zimbabwe suggests that genital infection with Schistosoma haematobium may increase the risk of HIV infection in young women . Therefore , the treatment of Schistosoma haematobium with praziquantel could be a potential strategy for reducing HIV infection . Here we assess the potential cost-effe... | Evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies supports the hypothesis that genital infection with Schistosoma haematobium increases the risk of becoming infected with HIV among women in sub-Saharan Africa . Praziquantel is an oral , nontoxic , inexpensive medication recommended for treatment of schistosomiasis , w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"schistosomiasis",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"disease",
"dynamics",
"aids",
"population",
"dynamics",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"population",
"biology",
"biology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"infectious"... | 2013 | Potential Cost-Effectiveness of Schistosomiasis Treatment for Reducing HIV Transmission in Africa – The Case of Zimbabwean Women |
The host protein viperin is an interferon stimulated gene ( ISG ) that is up-regulated during a number of viral infections . In this study we have shown that dengue virus type-2 ( DENV-2 ) infection significantly induced viperin , co-incident with production of viral RNA and via a mechanism requiring retinoic acid-indu... | Viperin is a virally induced host protein that has been previously shown to have antiviral activity against a variety of viruses . Here we have demonstrated that viperin is also anti-viral against the medically significant arbovirus , dengue virus . Viperin was able to inhibit dengue virus at the level of viral replica... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunity",
"dengue",
"fever",
"innate",
"immunity",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"dengue",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Viperin Is Induced following Dengue Virus Type-2 (DENV-2) Infection and Has Anti-viral Actions Requiring the C-terminal End of Viperin |
Zinc is an essential trace element involved in a wide range of biological processes and human diseases . Zinc excess is deleterious , and animals require mechanisms to protect against zinc toxicity . To identify genes that modulate zinc tolerance , we performed a forward genetic screen for Caenorhabditis elegans mutant... | Zinc is an essential nutrient that is critical for human health . However , excess zinc can cause toxicity , indicating that regulatory mechanisms are necessary to maintain homeostasis . The analysis of mechanisms that promote zinc homeostasis can elucidate fundamental regulatory processes and suggest new approaches fo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"sequencing",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"genetic",
"screens",
"cloning",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Histidine Protects Against Zinc and Nickel Toxicity in
Caenorhabditis elegans |
In Brazil , tungiasis is endemic in some resource-poor communities where various domestic and sylvatic animals act as reservoirs for this zoonosis . To determine the effect of control measures on the prevalence and intensity of infestation of human and animal tungiasis , a repeated cross-sectional survey with intervent... | Tungiasis is a disease caused by the sand flea Tunga penetrans , a parasite prevalent in many impoverished communities in developing countries . The female sand flea penetrates into the skin of animals and humans where it grows rapidly in size , feeds on the host's blood , produces eggs which are expelled into the envi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microbiology/parasitology",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/skin",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2008 | Controlling Tungiasis in an Impoverished Community: An Intervention Study |
The intracellular pathogen Brucella abortus survives and replicates inside host cells within an endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) -derived replicative organelle named the “Brucella-containing vacuole” ( BCV ) . Here , we developed a subcellular fractionation method to isolate BCVs and characterize for the first time the pro... | A key determinant for intracellular pathogenic bacteria to ensure their virulence within host cells is their ability to bypass the endocytic pathway and to reach a safe replication niche . Brucella bacteria reach the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) to create their replicating niche called the Brucella-containing vacuole (... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"biochemistry",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2009 | The Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and the Small GTPase Rab 2 Are Crucial for Brucella Replication |
Stem and differentiated cells frequently differ in their response to DNA damage , which can determine tissue sensitivity . By exploiting insight into the spatial arrangement of subdomains within the adult neural subventricular zone ( SVZ ) in vivo , we show distinct responses to ionising radiation ( IR ) between neural... | The response of stem cells to DNA damage is poorly understood , although there is increasing evidence that they respond distinctly to differentiated cells . We have monitored the different responses of adult neural stem and progenitor cells to exposure to X-ray irradiation . We see that progenitor cells activate apopto... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"neuronal",
"differentiation",
"neuroscience",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"dna",
"damage",
"developmental",
"biology",
"stem",
"cells",
"dna",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
... | 2017 | A coordinated DNA damage response promotes adult quiescent neural stem cell activation |
Enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) and coxsackieviruses ( CV ) are the major causative agents of hand , foot and mouth disease ( HFMD ) . There is not currently a vaccine available against HFMD , even though a newly developed formalin-inactivated EV71 ( FI-EV71 ) vaccine has been tested in clinical trial and has shown efficacy ag... | The spread of enterovirus-induced HFMD could be controlled through a robust vaccination program . Formalin-inactivated EV71 ( FI-EV71 ) vaccines have been evaluated in human clinical trials in China , Taiwan and Singapore and were found to be safe and to elicit strong neutralizing antibody responses against EV71 , whic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Recombinant Adeno-Vaccine Expressing Enterovirus 71-Like Particles against Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease |
Microbiome studies suggest the presence of an interaction between the human gut microbiome and soil-transmitted helminth . Upon deworming , a complex interaction between the anthelminthic drug , helminths and microbiome composition might occur . To dissect this , we analyse the changes that take place in the gut bacter... | Studying the relationship between soil-transmitted helminthiasis and gut microbiota is becoming more important as both have been implicated in modulating immune system in various inflammatory diseases . However , findings of previous studies of the effect of helminth on the microbiome are inconsistent . In this study ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbiome",
"helminths",
"microbiology",
"hookworms",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"ascaris",
"ascaris",
"lumbricoides",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"bacteria",
"microbial"... | 2018 | Dynamic changes in human-gut microbiome in relation to a placebo-controlled anthelminthic trial in Indonesia |
To investigate factors contributing to drug side effects , we systematically examine relationships between 4 , 199 side effects associated with 996 drugs and their 647 human protein targets . We find that it is the number of essential targets , not the number of total targets , that determines the side effects of corre... | The ultimate goal of medical research is to develop effective treatments for disease with minimal side effects . Currently , about 20% of drug candidates failed at clinical trial phases II and III due to safety issues . Therefore , understanding the determining factors of drug side effects is of paramount importance to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Target Essentiality and Centrality Characterize Drug Side Effects |
Two of the crucial aspects of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection are ( i ) viral persistence in reservoirs ( precluding viral eradication ) and ( ii ) chronic inflammation ( directly associated with all-cause morbidities in antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) -controlled HIV-infected patients ) . The objective o... | Chronic immune activation/inflammation and viral persistence in reservoirs are important features of chronic HIV infection—even in patients receiving ART . We sought to evaluate the involvement of adipose tissue in chronic HIV/SIV infections . Adipose tissue accounts for 15 to 20% of the body weight , contains both adi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Adipose Tissue Is a Neglected Viral Reservoir and an Inflammatory Site during Chronic HIV and SIV Infection |
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 11 ( SCA11 ) is a rare , dominantly inherited human ataxia characterized by atrophy of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum . SCA11 is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Serine/Threonine kinase Tau tubulin kinase 2 ( TTBK2 ) that result in premature truncations of the protein . We pr... | Defects in primary cilia structure and function are linked to a number of recessive genetic disorders , now collectively referred to as ciliopathies . Most of the characteristics of these disorders arise from disruptions to embryonic development , with the requirements for primary cilia in adult tissues being less well... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Statistics"
] | [
"centrosomes",
"microtubules",
"neuroscience",
"alleles",
"motor",
"neurons",
"developmental",
"biology",
"embryos",
"tubulins",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"cytoskeleton",
"embryology",
"animal",
"cells",
"proteins",
"genetic",
"loci",
"hedgehog",
"sig... | 2018 | Spinocerebellar ataxia type 11-associated alleles of Ttbk2 dominantly interfere with ciliogenesis and cilium stability |
Tuberculosis ( TB ) is one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide . Whilst global burden estimates for M . tuberculosis infection ( MtTB ) are well established , accurate data on the contribution of zoonotic TB ( zTB ) caused by M . bovis or M . caprae to human TB are scarce . The association of M . bovi... | Tuberculosis ( TB ) is one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide . The impact estimation of worldwide human TB is well established; however , that of TB transmitted by cattle , goat or sheep ( i . e . zoonotic TB ) is not . The affected body sites of human and zoonotic TB are repeatedly suggested to be ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"bovine",
"tuberculosis",
"tuberculosis",
"bovine",
"tuberculosis",
"in",
"humans",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"miliary",
"tuberculosis",
"disease",
"informatics"
] | 2013 | Differences in Primary Sites of Infection between Zoonotic and Human Tuberculosis: Results from a Worldwide Systematic Review |
The degradation of cytosol-invading pathogens by autophagy , a process known as xenophagy , is an important mechanism of the innate immune system . Inside the host , Salmonella Typhimurium invades epithelial cells and resides within a specialized intracellular compartment , the Salmonella-containing vacuole . A fractio... | Salmonellae are Gram-negative bacteria , which cause the majority of foodborne diseases worldwide . Serovars of Salmonella cause a broad range of diseases , ranging from diarrhea to typhoid fever in a variety of hosts . In the year 2010 , Salmonella Typhi caused 7 . 6 million foodborne diseases and 52 000 deaths , and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"hela",
"cells",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"ubiquitin",
"l... | 2016 | In Silico Knockout Studies of Xenophagic Capturing of Salmonella |
Leptospirosis , caused by pathogenic Leptospira , is a worldwide zoonotic infection . The genus Leptospira includes at least 21 species clustered into three groups—pathogens , non-pathogens , and intermediates—based on 16S rRNA phylogeny . Research on Leptospira is difficult due to slow growth and poor transformability... | Leptospirosis , caused by a diversity of pathogenic species within the genus Leptospira , is a worldwide public health problem affecting both developed and developing countries . In 2003 , the whole genome sequencing of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans strain 56601 opened the genomic research of this specific pathogen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Distribution of Plasmids in Distinct Leptospira Pathogenic Species |
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) is an epithelial chloride channel mutated in patients with cystic fibrosis ( CF ) . The most prevalent CFTR mutation , ΔF508 , blocks folding in the endoplasmic reticulum . Recent work has shown that some ΔF508-CFTR channel activity can be recovered by ph... | Cystic fibrosis ( CF ) is an inherited disease that causes the body to produce thick mucus that clogs the lungs and obstructs the breakdown and absorption of food . The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) is mutated in CF patients , and the most common mutation causes three defects in CFTR: mis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"algorithms",
"biochemistry",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"computer",
"science",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"drug",
"discovery"
] | 2012 | Computational Design of a PDZ Domain Peptide Inhibitor that Rescues CFTR Activity |
Burkholderia cenocepacia causes severe pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis ( CF ) patients . Since the bacterium is virtually untreatable by antibiotics , chronic infections persist for years and might develop into fatal septic pneumonia ( cepacia syndrome , CS ) . To devise new strategies to combat chronic B . cen... | The large Burkholderia cenocepacia populations which persist in cystic fibrosis lungs during many years of chronic infections have an inherent potential for adaptive evolution . The results provided by comparative genomics are key in understanding the processes involved . Mutational events which have taken place allow ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"genetic",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"fibrosis",
"pulmonology",
"parallel",
"evolution",
"mutation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"cystic",
"fibrosis",
... | 2017 | What matters in chronic Burkholderia cenocepacia infection in cystic fibrosis: Insights from comparative genomics |
Mycobacterium ulcerans ( M . ulcerans ) , the causative agent of the devastating skin disease Buruli ulcer ( BU ) , is characterized by an extremely low level of genetic diversity . Recently , we have reported the first discrimination of closely related M . ulcerans variants in the BU endemic Densu River Valley of Ghan... | As the third most common mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis and leprosy , Buruli ulcer constitutes a considerable health problem in many parts of the world , but in particular in West and Central Africa . Although this emerging skin disease is commonly associated with proximity to aquatic habitats , the mode of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Development of a Temperature-Switch PCR-Based SNP Typing Method for Mycobacterium ulcerans |
The rapid evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV-1 ) allows studies of ongoing host–pathogen interactions . One key selective host factor is APOBEC3G ( hA3G ) that can cause extensive and inactivating Guanosine-to-Adenosine ( G-to-A ) mutation on HIV plus-strand DNA ( termed hypermutation ) . HIV can inhibit t... | Human cells have conserved antiviral defense systems , which protect against a range of viruses . A key component of this innate , intra-cellular defense is APOBEC3G ( hA3G ) , which can cause extensive and inactivating G-to-A mutations ( termed hypermutation ) in viral DNA . To circumvent this , human immunodeficiency... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computerized",
"simulations",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"computer",
"science",
"computer",
"modeling",
"immunology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | APOBEC3G-Induced Hypermutation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Is Typically a Discrete “All or Nothing” Phenomenon |
Transposon-mediated transformation was used to produce Anopheles stephensi that express single-chain antibodies ( scFvs ) designed to target the human malaria parasite , Plasmodium falciparum . The scFvs , m1C3 , m4B7 , and m2A10 , are derived from mouse monoclonal antibodies that inhibit either ookinete invasion of th... | Malaria eradication will require vector-control strategies that are both self-sustaining and not affected by migration of infected humans and mosquitoes . Replacement of wild malaria-susceptible mosquito populations with transgenic strains refractory to parasite development could interrupt the cycle of disease transmis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"transgenics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"malaria",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetic",
"engineering"
] | 2011 | Engineered Resistance to Plasmodium falciparum
Development in Transgenic Anopheles stephensi |
Apicomplexan parasites are obligate intracellular parasites that infect a variety of hosts , causing significant diseases in livestock and humans . The invasive forms of the parasites invade their host cells by gliding motility , an active process driven by parasite adhesion proteins and molecular motors . A crucial po... | The invasion of host cells by zoites of the phylum apicomplexa is an active event that is powered by the parasite invasion machinery . It can be divided in several distinct steps that involve binding to the host cell , reorientation and tight junction formation that are accompanied by sequential secretion of specialise... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"biochemistry/cell",
"signaling",
"and",
"trafficking",
"structures",
"microbiology/parasitology"
] | 2010 | Protein Kinase A Dependent Phosphorylation of Apical Membrane Antigen 1 Plays an Important Role in Erythrocyte Invasion by the Malaria Parasite |
Several germline single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) have been identified in the POLB gene , but little is known about their cellular and biochemical impact . DNA Polymerase β ( Pol β ) , encoded by the POLB gene , is the main gap-filling polymerase involved in base excision repair ( BER ) , a pathway that protect... | Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States . The maintenance of genomic integrity is dependent on faithful DNA replication and repair . The base excision repair ( BER ) pathway is responsible for repairing at least 20 , 000 lesions per cell per day . DNA polymerase beta ( Pol β ) is the main polym... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"genetics",
"dna",
"biology",
"dna",
"repair",
"population",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | A Germline Polymorphism of DNA Polymerase Beta Induces Genomic Instability and Cellular Transformation |
Using small molecule probes to understand gene function is an attractive approach that allows functional characterization of genes that are dispensable in standard laboratory conditions and provides insight into the mode of action of these compounds . Using chemogenomic assays we previously identified yeast Crg1 , an u... | Chemical genetics uses small molecules to perturb biological systems to study gene function . By analogy with genetic lesions , chemical probes act as fast-acting , reversible , and “tunable” conditional alleles . Furthermore , small molecules can target multiple protein targets and target pathways simultaneously to un... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"genetic",
"networks",
"functional",
"genomics",
"enzymes",
"chemical",
"biology",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"gene",
"function",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"lipids",
"... | 2011 | A Systems Biology Approach Reveals the Role of a Novel Methyltransferase in Response to Chemical Stress and Lipid Homeostasis |
Many arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes have been implicated as causative agents of both human and animal illnesses in East Africa . Although epidemics of arboviral emerging infectious diseases have risen in frequency in recent years , the extent to which mosquitoes maintain pathogens in circulation during inter-epi... | The East African region is endemic to diverse mosquito-transmitted arboviruses , though little is known about the role of vertical transmission in maintaining these viruses within mosquito vector populations during inter-epidemic periods . We sampled mosquito larvae from the Lake Baringo and Lake Victoria regions of Ke... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"alphaviruses",
"gene",
"pool",
"viruses... | 2018 | Vertical transmission of naturally occurring Bunyamwera and insect-specific flavivirus infections in mosquitoes from islands and mainland shores of Lakes Victoria and Baringo in Kenya |
Dengue is a frequent cause of acute febrile illness with an expanding global distribution . Since the 1960s , dengue in Sri Lanka has been documented primarily along the heavily urbanized western coast with periodic shifting of serotypes . Outbreaks from 2005–2008 were attributed to a new clade of DENV-3 and more recen... | Dengue is a globally emerging cause of fever that is caused by four serotypes of virus ( DENV1-4 ) . Since the 1960s , dengue in Sri Lanka has been documented primarily along the heavily urbanized western coast . Outbreaks from 2005–2008 were attributed to a new type of DENV-3 and more recently to a newly introduced ty... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viru... | 2016 | Emergence of Epidemic Dengue-1 Virus in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka |
Different data types can offer complementary perspectives on the same biological phenomenon . In cancer studies , for example , data on copy number alterations indicate losses and amplifications of genomic regions in tumours , while transcriptomic data point to the impact of genomic and environmental events on the inte... | The goal of personalised medicine is to develop accurate diagnostic tests that identify patients who can benefit from targeted therapies . To achieve this goal it is necessary to stratify cancer patients into homogeneous subtypes according to which molecular aberrations their tumours exhibit . Prominent approaches for ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"algorithms",
"medicine",
"oncology",
"computer",
"science",
"mathematics",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"statistics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biostatistics"
] | 2011 | Patient-Specific Data Fusion Defines Prognostic Cancer Subtypes |
Metabolic fingerprinting analysis can offer insights into underlying reactions in a biological system; hence it is crucial to the understanding of disease pathogenesis and could provide useful tools for discovering biomarkers . We sought to examine the urine and plasma metabolome in individuals affected by urogenital s... | Obtaining specific molecules having a strong association with a disease condition i . e . biomarkers , is usually a major step to developing new modes of therapy or diagnosis for the disease . In this study , samples from individuals with S . haematobium infection , some of whom had developed bladder pathologies , were... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"bladder",
"biomarkers",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"urine",
"metabolites",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"urogenital",
"schisto... | 2018 | Metabolite profiling for biomarkers in Schistosoma haematobium infection and associated bladder pathologies |
Cones with peak sensitivity to light at long ( L ) , medium ( M ) and short ( S ) wavelengths are unequal in number on the human retina: S cones are rare ( <10% ) while increasing in fraction from center to periphery , and the L/M cone proportions are highly variable between individuals . What optical properties of the... | Human color perception arises by comparing the signals from cones with peak sensitivities , at long ( L ) , medium ( M ) and short ( S ) wavelengths . In dichromats , a characteristic distribution of S and M cones supports blue-yellow color vision: a few S and mostly M . When L cones are added , allowing red-green colo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"&",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems"
] | 2010 | Design of a Trichromatic Cone Array |
The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae modulates plant hormone signaling to promote infection and disease development . P . syringae uses several strategies to manipulate auxin physiology in Arabidopsis thaliana to promote pathogenesis , including its synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) , the predominant for... | Pathogens have evolved multiple strategies for suppressing host defenses and modulating host physiology to promote colonization and disease development . For example , the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae uses several strategies to the manipulate hormone signaling of its hosts , including production of virulence fac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"crystal",
"structure",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathogens",
"brassica",
"microbiology",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"organic",
"compounds",
"hormones",
"plant",
"science",
"mo... | 2018 | Indole-3-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-dependent auxin synthesis contributes to virulence of Pseudomonas syringae strain DC3000 |
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes regulate the transcription of many genes by remodeling nucleosomes at promoter regions . In Drosophila , SWI/SNF plays an important role in ecdysone-dependent transcription regulation . Studies in human cells suggest that Brahma ( Brm ) , the ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF , regula... | Genetic programs in multicellular organisms often involve different levels of regulation . The expression of many genes is regulated by factors that remodel the structure of the chromatin at the promoter . SWI/SNF is one such factor , and it is highly conserved in eukaryotes . Studies in human cells suggest that Brahma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2009 | SWI/SNF Associates with Nascent Pre-mRNPs and Regulates Alternative Pre-mRNA Processing |
Apart from a single report , the last publication of cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) in Mali dates back more than 20 years . The absence of information on the current status of CL in Mali led us to conduct a cohort study in Kemena and Sougoula , two villages in Central Mali from which cases of CL have been recently diag... | Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected sand fly . Leishmaniasis is present in more than 88 countries and affects more than 12 million people . Depending on the species of Leishmania , the host can develop cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) , which is characterized by skin u... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2009 | Discrepant Prevalence and Incidence of Leishmania Infection between Two Neighboring Villages in Central Mali Based on Leishmanin Skin Test Surveys |
As part of a study to investigate drivers of dengue virus ( DENV ) transmission dynamics , this qualitative study explored whether DENV-infected residents of Iquitos , Peru , considered it acceptable ( 1 ) to participate in direct mosquito feeding experiments ( lab-reared Aedes aegypti mosquitoes fed directly on human ... | Approximately half of the world’s population is at risk of contracting dengue virus ( DENV ) . Ethical and logistical concerns with feeding lab-raised mosquitoes directly on naturally infected human subjects , and the lack of a relevant animal model for DENV experimental infection , are important obstacles to better un... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"and",
"materials",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pruritus",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"pathogens",
"neighborhoods",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuros... | 2019 | Acceptability of Aedes aegypti blood feeding on dengue virus-infected human volunteers for vector competence studies in Iquitos, Peru |
Lectins and adhesins are involved in bacterial adhesion to host tissues and mucus during early steps of infection . We report the characterization of BC2L-C , a soluble lectin from the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia , which has two distinct domains with unique specificities and biological activities . ... | The glycoconjugates that cover the surface of eukaryotic cells are a target for pathogens that use protein receptors for binding to the carbohydrate moieties exposed . Opportunistic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia species of the B . cepacia complex display a wide range of adhesins and soluble l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Burkholderia cenocepacia BC2L-C Is a Super Lectin with Dual Specificity and Proinflammatory Activity |
The success of Staphylococcus aureus , as both a human and animal pathogen , stems from its ability to rapidly adapt to a wide spectrum of environmental conditions . Two-component systems ( TCSs ) play a crucial role in this process . Here , we describe a novel staphylococcal virulence factor , SpdC , an Abi-domain pro... | Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen , and has become a significant worldwide health concern due to the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistant strains . Like most bacteria , S . aureus adapts to its environment by adjusting its genetic expression through sensing and regulatory systems . We show here that th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"walls",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"mutation",
... | 2018 | SpdC, a novel virulence factor, controls histidine kinase activity in Staphylococcus aureus |
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