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Zika virus ( ZIKV ) is an emerging arbovirus belonging to the genus flavivirus that comprises other important public health viruses , such as dengue ( DENV ) and yellow fever ( YFV ) . In general , ZIKV infection is a self-limiting disease , however cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome and congenital brain abnormalities in...	Since 2015 , DENV’s cousin known as ZIKV has been in the spotlight . It caught researchers’ attention because it rapidly spread worldwide and ZIKV infection has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome cases and congenital brain abnormalities in newborn infants . For being so closely related , differentiation betwe...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "reverse", "transcriptase-polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "dengue", "virus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "zika", "fever", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "trop...	2018	Development and evaluation of a novel high-throughput image-based fluorescent neutralization test for detection of Zika virus infection
The planar cell polarity ( PCP ) pathway is a cell-contact mediated mechanism for transmitting polarity information between neighboring cells . PCP “core components” ( Vangl , Fz , Pk , Dsh , and Celsr ) are essential for a number of cell migratory events including the posterior migration of facial branchiomotor neuron...	Planar cell polarity ( PCP ) is a common feature of many animal tissues . This type of polarity is most obvious in cells that are organized into epithelial sheets , where PCP signaling components act to orient cells in the plane of the tissue . Although , PCP is best understood for its function in polarizing stable epi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "physiology", "cell", "motility", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "brain", "vertebrates", "animals", "cell", "polarity", "animal", "models", "osteichthyes", "developmental", "biology", "model", "organisms", "hindbrain", "embryos", "morphogenesis", "cell...	2016	PCP Signaling between Migrating Neurons and their Planar-Polarized Neuroepithelial Environment Controls Filopodial Dynamics and Directional Migration
A relatively unexplored nexus in Drosophila Immune deficiency ( IMD ) pathway is TGF-beta Activating Kinase 1 ( TAK1 ) , which triggers both immunity and apoptosis . In a cell culture screen , we identified that Lysine at position 142 was a K63-linked Ubiquitin acceptor site for TAK1 , required for signalling . Moreove...	Chronic activation of immune responses results in health problems including gastrointestinal infections , metabolic imbalances and inflammatory bowel diseases that may lead to colorectal cancer . Central to this , is the balance of activation/restriction of nuclear factor-κB ( NF-κB ) during innate immune responses . T...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "animal", "models", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "genetics", "of", "the", "immune", "system", "immunity", "innate", "immunity", "immunology", "biology" ]	2014	Loss of Trabid, a New Negative Regulator of the Drosophila Immune-Deficiency Pathway at the Level of TAK1, Reduces Life Span
Genome sequencing of the 5 , 300-year-old mummy of the Tyrolean Iceman , found in 1991 on a glacier near the border of Italy and Austria , has yielded new insights into his origin and relationship to modern European populations . A key finding of that study was an apparent recent common ancestry with individuals from S...	The analysis of the genome of the Tyrolean Iceman , a 5 , 300 year old mummy from Central Europe , revealed a surprising recent common ancestry with modern Sardinians for this ancient genome . However , this study was limited both by the availability of data from Sardinians and by a lack of genomic data from other anci...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "genome", "sequencing", "genomics", "social", "sciences", "molecular", "biology", "genetics", "anthropology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "population", "genetics", "gene", "flow", "computational", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology",...	2014	Population Genomic Analysis of Ancient and Modern Genomes Yields New Insights into the Genetic Ancestry of the Tyrolean Iceman and the Genetic Structure of Europe
Biological networks are powerful tools for predicting undocumented relationships between molecules . The underlying principle is that existing interactions between molecules can be used to predict new interactions . Here we use this principle to suggest new protein-chemical interactions via the network derived from thr...	Predicting drug-target interactions is a hot topic , and many efforts have been undertaken to do this , many using large interaction networks . We take a novel approach using protein-chemical interactions derived from 3D structures . The basic premise is that two proteins sharing a common bound chemical will likely sha...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "macromolecular", "complex", "analysis", "protein", "structure", "biology", "computational", "biology", "macromolecular", "structure", "analysis" ]	2011	Combinations of Protein-Chemical Complex Structures Reveal New Targets for Established Drugs
The gastrointestinal pathogen , Clostridioides difficile , initiates infection when its metabolically dormant spore form germinates in the mammalian gut . While most spore-forming bacteria use transmembrane germinant receptors to sense nutrient germinants , C . difficile is thought to use the soluble pseudoprotease , C...	The major nosocomial pathogen Clostridioides difficile depends on spore germination to initiate infection . Interestingly , C . difficile’s germinant sensing mechanism differs markedly from other spore-forming bacteria , since it uses bile acids to induce germination and lacks the transmembrane germinant receptors cons...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "bacteriology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "gut", "bacteria", "body", "fluids", "chemical", "compounds", "crystal", "structure", "aliphatic", "amino", "acids", "bile", "microbiology", "condensed", "matter", "physics", "organic", "compounds", "mutation", ...	2019	The CspC pseudoprotease regulates germination of Clostridioides difficile spores in response to multiple environmental signals
Schistosomiasis , a neglected tropical disease , owes its continued success to freshwater snails that support production of prolific numbers of human-infective cercariae . Encounters between schistosomes and snails do not always result in the snail becoming infected , in part because snails can mount immune responses t...	Schistosomiasis , a neglected tropical disease , owes its continued success to freshwater snails that support production of prolific numbers of human-infective cercariae . Encounters between schistosomes and snails do not always result in the snail becoming infected , in part because snails can mount immune responses t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "zoology", "immunity", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "immunology", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology", "microbiology", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitology" ]	2012	A Somatically Diversified Defense Factor, FREP3, Is a Determinant of Snail Resistance to Schistosome Infection
Deworming HIV-1 infected individuals may delay HIV-1 disease progression . It is important to determine the prevalence and correlates of HIV-1/helminth co-infection in helminth-endemic areas . HIV-1 infected individuals ( CD4>250 cells/ul ) were screened for helminth infection at ten sites in Kenya . Prevalence and cor...	Over one-third of people worldwide are currently infected with parasitic worms . The majority of these infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa , where over half of the population may be infected with at least one type of parasitic worm . HIV infection is also common in many of these countries , and there is significant ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/hiv", "infection", "and", "aids", "infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases" ]	2010	Prevalence and Correlates of Helminth Co-infection in Kenyan HIV-1 Infected Adults
Understanding the mechanisms that coordinate cell proliferation , cell cycle arrest , and cell differentiation is essential to address the problem of how “normal” versus pathological developmental processes take place . In the bristle lineage of the adult fly , we have tested the capacity of post-mitotic cells to re-en...	Despite substantial progress that has been made , we still know little about how single precursor cells undergo a limited number of cell divisions before arrest . Discovering the mechanisms by which terminal cells maintain cell division arrest is essential for understanding “normal” development , as well as the origin ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "biology/cell", "growth", "and", "division", "cell", "biology/developmental", "molecular", "mechanisms", "cell", "biology/cell", "signaling" ]	2009	Notch and Prospero Repress Proliferation following Cyclin E Overexpression in the Drosophila Bristle Lineage
Nasal colonization is a major risk factor for S . aureus infections . The mechanisms responsible for colonization are still not well understood and involve several factors on the host and the bacterial side . One key factor is the cell wall teichoic acid ( WTA ) of S . aureus , which governs direct interactions with na...	About 20% of the human population is colonized by Staphylococcus aureus . The reservoir of S . aureus is mainly the human nose . Usually , colonization does not lead to infection and is therefore without symptoms . However , when hospitalized patients exhibit a suppressed immune system , they are at risk of getting inf...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "host-pathogen", "interactions", "medical", "microbiology", "staphylococcus", "microbial", "pathogens", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "microbiology", "pathogenesis", "bacterial", ...	2014	A Nasal Epithelial Receptor for Staphylococcus aureus WTA Governs Adhesion to Epithelial Cells and Modulates Nasal Colonization
Activation and/or recruitment of the host plasmin , a fibrinolytic enzyme also active on extracellular matrix components , is a common invasive strategy of bacterial pathogens . Yersinia pestis , the bubonic plague agent , expresses the multifunctional surface protease Pla , which activates plasmin and inactivates fibr...	The hallmark of bubonic plague , a disease that ravaged Medieval Europe and is still prevalent in several countries , is the bubo , a highly inflammatory and painful lymph node , which is characterized by high concentrations of bacteria within a severely damaged organ . Yersinia pestis , the causative agent , expresses...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Dissociation of Tissue Destruction and Bacterial Expansion during Bubonic Plague
The fatty acid amide hydrolase ( FAAH ) regulates the endocannabinoid system cleaving primarily the lipid messenger anandamide . FAAH has been well characterized over the years and , importantly , it represents a promising drug target to treat several diseases , including inflammatory-related diseases and cancer . But ...	We describe a new structural enzymatic framework to regulate substrate specificity in lipid-degrading enzymes such as fatty acid amide hydrolase ( FAAH ) , a key enzyme for the endocannabinoid lipid signaling that hydrolyzes a variety of lipids , however with different catalytic rates . The identified novel mechanism a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Keys to Lipid Selection in Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Catalysis: Structural Flexibility, Gating Residues and Multiple Binding Pockets
The primary role of Actin-Depolymerizing Factors ( ADFs ) is to sever filamentous actin , generating pointed ends , which in turn are incorporated into newly formed filaments , thus supporting stochastic actin dynamics . Arabidopsis ADF4 was recently shown to be required for the activation of resistance in Arabidopsis ...	The activation and regulation of the plant immune system requires the coordinated function of numerous pre-formed and inducible cellular responses . Following pathogen perception , plants not only activate specific defense-associated signaling , such as resistance ( R ) genes , but also redirect basic cellular machiner...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "plant", "science", "plant", "biology", "genetics", "biology", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2012	Arabidopsis Actin-Depolymerizing Factor-4 Links Pathogen Perception, Defense Activation and Transcription to Cytoskeletal Dynamics
Dengue disease is an increasing global health problem that threatens one-third of the world's population . Despite decades of efforts , no licensed vaccine against dengue is available . With the aim to develop an affordable vaccine that could be used in young populations living in tropical areas , we evaluated a new st...	Dengue is a tropical emerging disease that threatens one-third of the world's population , mainly children under the age of 15 . The development of an affordable pediatric vaccine that could provide long-term protection against all four dengue serotypes remains a global public health priority . To address this challeng...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "virology/vaccines", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "immunology/immune", "response", "virology/emerging", "viral", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases/viral", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/tropical", "and", "travel-associated", "diseases", "im...	2007	Pediatric Measles Vaccine Expressing a Dengue Antigen Induces Durable Serotype-specific Neutralizing Antibodies to Dengue Virus
Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding ( CPEB ) proteins are translational regulators that can either activate or repress translation depending on the target mRNA and the specific biological context . There are two CPEB subfamilies and most animals have one or more genes from each . Drosophila has a single CPEB ge...	Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding ( CPEB ) proteins bind and recognize CPE sequences in the 3′ UTRs of target mRNAs and can activate and/or repress their translation depending on the mRNA species and the biological context . Drosophila has two CPEB family genes , orb and orb2 . orb is expressed in the germlin...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "meiosis", "cellular", "structures", "subcellular", "organelles", "genetic", "mutation", "cell", "differentiation", "gene", "function", "germ", "cells", "developmental", "biology", "cell", "division", "molecular", "genetics", "cell", "nucleus", "fertilization", "gene", ...	2012	The CPEB Protein Orb2 Has Multiple Functions during Spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster
DNA mismatch repair suppresses gastrointestinal tumorgenesis . Four mammalian E . coli MutL homologues heterodimerize to form three distinct complexes: MLH1/PMS2 , MLH1/MLH3 , and MLH1/PMS1 . To understand the mechanistic contributions of MLH3 and PMS2 in gastrointestinal tumor suppression , we generated Mlh3−/−;Apc163...	Approximately one million people every year are diagnosed with colorectal cancer worldwide , and about five hundred thousand of these people subsequently perish from the disease . Colorectal cancer is thought to develop through a series of early and later stages ( called cancer initiation and progression , respectively...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/genomics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/cancer", "genetics", "oncology/gastrointestinal", "cancers" ]	2008	Novel Roles for MLH3 Deficiency and TLE6-Like Amplification in DNA Mismatch Repair-Deficient Gastrointestinal Tumorigenesis and Progression
A small focus of hemorrhagic fever ( HF ) cases occurred near Cochabamba , Bolivia , in December 2003 and January 2004 . Specimens were available from only one fatal case , which had a clinical course that included fever , headache , arthralgia , myalgia , and vomiting with subsequent deterioration and multiple hemorrh...	Four rodent-borne arenaviruses are known to cause hemorrhagic fever ( HF ) in the New World . These include Junín , Machupo , Guanarito , and Sabiá viruses , which are found in rural areas of Argentina , Bolivia , Venezuela , and Brazil , respectively . In December 2003 and January 2004 , a small number of HF cases wer...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "virology/virus", "evolution", "and", "symbiosis", "evolutionary", "biology/evolutionary", "and", "comparative", "genetics", "virology/diagnosis", "molecular", "biology/molecular", "evolution", "microbiolo...	2008	Chapare Virus, a Newly Discovered Arenavirus Isolated from a Fatal Hemorrhagic Fever Case in Bolivia
Affinity maturation is a Darwinian process in which B lymphocytes evolve potent antibodies to encountered antigens and generate immune memory . Highly mutable complex pathogens present an immense antigenic diversity that continues to challenge natural immunity and vaccine design . Induction of broadly neutralizing anti...	Highly mutable pathogens pose significant challenges to vaccine design , mainly owing to the vast antigenic diversity they present to the immune system . Recently an increasing variety of broad antibodies that can recognize diverse strains have been isolated from patients , but how to induce them by vaccination is larg...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Model", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "cloning", "retroviruses", "viruses", "preventive", "medicine", "immunodeficiency...	2017	Optimal Sequential Immunization Can Focus Antibody Responses against Diversity Loss and Distraction
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS ) , a malignancy commonly found in AIDS patients . Whether KS is a true neoplasm or hyperplasia has been a subject of intensive debate until recently when KSHV is unequivocally shown to efficiently infect , immortalize an...	Although KSHV exerts multiple mechanisms to promote cell survival by repressing TGF-β signaling , little is known whether KSHV manipulates BMP signaling and contributes to the pathogenesis of KSHV-induced malignancies . In the present study , we have identified Smad1 as a novel binding protein of LANA by tandem affinit...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "viruses", "and", "cancer", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "microbiology", "virology" ]	2014	Oncogenic Herpesvirus KSHV Hijacks BMP-Smad1-Id Signaling to Promote Tumorigenesis
In Ethiopia guidelines for diagnoses and treatment of leishmaniases are available , but only a few hundred people are diagnosed and receive treatment . A field study has been carried out to determine the status and environmental determinants of cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) and assess the degree of awareness of the ru...	Cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) is a skin infection , transmitted by sandflies . It is most common in Ethiopia , but so far only a few hundred people have received treatment . Five rural villages in Tigray Region , in the north of Ethiopia , were visited to assess the status and determinants of CL . In a door-to-door su...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "dermatology", "livestock", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "hyraxes", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "vertebrates", "sand", "flies", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "mammals", "age", "grou...	2019	Prevalence and environmental determinants of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural communities in Tigray, northern Ethiopia
Microbial minimal generation times range from a few minutes to several weeks . They are evolutionarily determined by variables such as environment stability , nutrient availability , and community diversity . Selection for fast growth adaptively imprints genomes , resulting in gene amplification , adapted chromosomal o...	Microbial minimal generation times vary from a few minutes to several weeks . The reasons for this disparity have been thought to lie on different life-history strategies: fast-growing microbes grow extremely fast in rich media , but are less capable of dealing with stress and/or poor nutrient conditions . Prokaryotes ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "microbiology/environmental", "microbiology", "genetics", "and", "genomics/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/comparative", "genomics", "microbiology/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "computational", "biology/genomics", "computatio...	2010	The Systemic Imprint of Growth and Its Uses in Ecological (Meta)Genomics
Access to an accurate diagnostic test for Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a research priority according to the World Health Organization . Nucleic acid amplification of insertion sequence IS2404 by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) is the most sensitive and specific method to detect Mycobacterium ulcerans ( M . ulcerans ) , the...	Current diagnostic methods to detect M . ulcerans suffer from delayed time-to-results in most endemic countries by the prolonged period of time for the shipment and storage of samples to a distant , centralized laboratory . The M . ulcerans recombinase polymerase amplification assay ( Mu-RPA ) is a new , rapid diagnost...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "tropical", "diseases", "organisms", "bacterial", "diseases", "signs", "and", "symptoms", "ulcers", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "bacteri...	2019	Rapid detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans with isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assay
In sub-Saharan Africa the recommended strategy to control schistosomiasis is preventive chemotherapy . Emphasis is placed on school-aged children , but in high endemicity areas , preschool-aged children are also at risk , and hence might need treatment with praziquantel . Since a pediatric formulation ( e . g . , syrup...	Schistosomiasis is a parasitic worm infection that plagues more than 200 million people in the developing world , particularly in sub-Saharan Africa . The current strategy to control schistosomiasis is to regularly administer the deworming drug praziquantel to school-aged children . Younger children before reaching sch...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biology" ]	2012	Efficacy and Safety of Praziquantel in Preschool-Aged Children in an Area Co-Endemic for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium
Although multiple studies have documented the expression of over 70 novel virus-encoded microRNAs ( miRNAs ) , the targets and functions of most of these regulatory RNA species are unknown . In this study a comparative bioinformatics approach was employed to identify potential human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) mRNA target...	Our ability to understand the biology of viruses depends not only on functional analysis of genes they encoded but also on specific regulation of those genes during viral infection . In herpesviruses , viral gene regulation is highly complex and plays a significant role in determining the viral life cycle during acute ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "viruses", "molecular", "biology", "homo", "(human)", "virology" ]	2007	A Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded microRNA Regulates Expression of Multiple Viral Genes Involved in Replication
The incidence and severity of dengue in Latin America has increased substantially in recent decades and data from Puerto Rico suggests an increase in severe cases . Successful clinical management of severe dengue requires early recognition and supportive care . Fatal cases were identified among suspected dengue cases r...	Dengue is a major public health problem in the tropics and subtropics; an estimated 50 million cases occur annually and 40 percent of the world's population lives in areas with dengue virus ( DENV ) transmission . Dengue has a wide range of clinical presentations from an undifferentiated acute febrile illness , classic...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "dengue", "fever", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "dengue", "viral", "diseases" ]	2012	Dengue Deaths in Puerto Rico: Lessons Learned from the 2007 Epidemic
Neuropilin-1 ( Nrp1 ) guides the development of the nervous and vascular systems , but its role in the mature brain remains to be explored . Here we report that the expression of the 65 kDa isoform of Sema3A , the ligand of Nrp1 , by adult vascular endothelial cells , is regulated during the ovarian cycle and promotes ...	In the developing embryo , endothelial cells release chemotropic signals such as Semaphorin 3A ( Sema3A ) that , upon activation of its receptor Neuropilin-1 ( Nrp1 ) , regulate neuronal migration and axon guidance . However , whether endothelial cells in the adult brain retain the ability to secrete molecules that inf...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "reproductive", "system", "endocrinology", "endocrine", "system", "integrative", "physiology", "neurological", "system", "anatomy", "and", "physiology", "neuroendocrinology" ]	2014	Brain Endothelial Cells Control Fertility through Ovarian-Steroid–Dependent Release of Semaphorin 3A
Caenorhabditis elegans male copulation requires coordinated temporal-spatial execution of different motor outputs . During mating , a cloacal circuit consisting of cholinergic sensory-motor neurons and sex muscles maintains the male's position and executes copulatory spicule thrusts at his mate's vulva . However , dist...	An animal's behavior is a complex output displayed in response to diverse external cues , which are sensed and processed by the nervous system . Nerve cells translate sensory information into chemical secretions ( neurotransmitters ) . These chemical signals allow neurons and muscles to communicate and coordinate motor...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "model", "organisms", "genetics", "biology", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "neuroscience", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2012	C. elegans Dopaminergic D2-Like Receptors Delimit Recurrent Cholinergic-Mediated Motor Programs during a Goal-Oriented Behavior
The phylogeographic population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis suggests local adaptation to sympatric human populations . We hypothesized that HIV infection , which induces immunodeficiency , will alter the sympatric relationship between M . tuberculosis and its human host . To test this hypothesis , we perform...	Human tuberculosis ( TB ) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis kills 1 . 5 million people each year . M . tuberculosis has been affecting humans for millennia , suggesting that different strain lineages may be adapted to specific human populations . The combination of a particular strain lineage and its corresponding p...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "bacterial", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "mycobacterium", "molecular", "epidemiology", "epidemiology", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "tuberculosis", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology" ]	2013	HIV Infection Disrupts the Sympatric Host–Pathogen Relationship in Human Tuberculosis
Recent genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) with metabolomics data linked genetic variation in the human genome to differences in individual metabolite levels . A strong relevance of this metabolic individuality for biomedical and pharmaceutical research has been reported . However , a considerable amount of the mo...	Genome-wide association studies on metabolomics data have demonstrated that genetic variation in metabolic enzymes and transporters leads to concentration changes in the respective metabolite levels . The conventional goal of these studies is the detection of novel interactions between the genome and the metabolic syst...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "biochemistry", "systems", "biology", "genetics", "biology", "computational", "biology", "metabolic", "networks", "metabolism", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2012	Mining the Unknown: A Systems Approach to Metabolite Identification Combining Genetic and Metabolic Information
Varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) latency in sensory and autonomic neurons has remained enigmatic and difficult to study , and experimental reactivation has not yet been achieved . We have previously shown that human embryonic stem cell ( hESC ) -derived neurons are permissive to a productive and spreading VZV infection ....	Most adults worldwide harbor latent VZV in their ganglia , and reactivation from it causes herpes zoster . This painful disease is frequently complicated by long-term pain , neurological sequelae , or vision loss that require improved prevention and treatment strategies . Study of VZV latency and reactivation has been ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	An In Vitro Model of Latency and Reactivation of Varicella Zoster Virus in Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons
Rapid typing of Leptospira is currently impaired by requiring time consuming culture of leptospires . The objective of this study was to develop an assay that provides multilocus sequence typing ( MLST ) data direct from patient specimens while minimising costs for subsequent sequencing . An existing PCR based MLST sch...	Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with more than 1 million cases per year globally and epidemics are increasingly reported . In this setting rapid typing is essential to identify potential clusters and transmission pathways . Typing of bacteria commonly requires bacterial isolates but culturing Leptospira is difficul...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "leptospira", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "organisms", "urine", "bacterial", "diseases", "phylogenetic", "analysis", "neglected", "tropical", ...	2016	An Extended Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) Scheme for Rapid Direct Typing of Leptospira from Clinical Samples
The ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ( FEV1/FVC ) is a measure used to diagnose airflow obstruction and is highly heritable . We performed a genome-wide association study in 7 , 691 Framingham Heart Study participants to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) associate...	Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for impaired lung function , yet only 20% of smokers develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . This observation , along with family studies of lung function and COPD , suggests that genetic factors influence susceptibility to cigarette smoke . We examined the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/genetics", "of", "disease", "genetics", "and", "genomics/complex", "traits", "respiratory", "medicine/copd", "and", "allied", "disorders" ]	2009	A Genome-Wide Association Study of Pulmonary Function Measures in the Framingham Heart Study
Malaria vaccine developers are concerned that antigenic escape will erode vaccine efficacy . Evolutionary theorists have raised the possibility that some types of vaccine could also create conditions favoring the evolution of more virulent pathogens . Such evolution would put unvaccinated people at greater risk of seve...	Vaccination can drive the evolution of pathogens . Most obviously , molecules targeted by vaccine-induced immunity can change . Such evolution makes vaccines less effective . A different possibility is that more virulent pathogens are favored in vaccinated hosts . In that case , vaccination would create pathogens that ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biology" ]	2012	The Evolutionary Consequences of Blood-Stage Vaccination on the Rodent Malaria Plasmodium chabaudi
Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) nuclear antigen 2 ( EBNA2 ) plays an important role in driving immortalization of EBV-infected B cells through regulating the expression of many viral and cellular genes . We report a structural study of the tumor suppressor BS69/ZMYND11 C-terminal region , comprised of tandem coiled-coil-MYN...	Since the discovery of Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) 50 years ago , the etiologic links between EBV and a variety of human cancers have gained wide recognition . It is estimated that >90% of the worldwide population carry this virus , which causes over 200 , 000 cancers across the world every year . One of the key protein...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "protein", "interactions", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "gene", "regulation", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "plasmid", "construction", "dna", "transcription", "vi...	2016	BS69/ZMYND11 C-Terminal Domains Bind and Inhibit EBNA2
NOD-like receptor ( NLR ) proteins ( Nlrps ) are cytosolic sensors responsible for detection of pathogen and danger-associated molecular patterns through unknown mechanisms . Their activation in response to a wide range of intracellular danger signals leads to formation of the inflammasome , caspase-1 activation , rapi...	Anthrax lethal toxin ( LT ) is a protease which can induce rapid death of macrophages accompanied by activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines . The previously identified cellular substrates for this toxin have not been shown to play a role in this rapid cell death . This report identifies a new substrate fo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "immunity", "biology", "microbiology" ]	2012	Anthrax Lethal Factor Cleavage of Nlrp1 Is Required for Activation of the Inflammasome
Meiotic recombination is initiated by DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) made by Spo11 ( Rec12 in fission yeast ) , which becomes covalently linked to the DSB ends . Like recombination events , DSBs occur at hotspots in the genome , but the genetic factors responsible for most hotspots have remained elusive . Here we de...	Homologous genetic recombination has two immediate benefits for cells—faithfully repairing broken DNA and aiding chromosome segregation during the first division of meiosis . Meiosis comprises a pair of special nuclear divisions that convert diploid somatic cells into haploid sex cells; in humans , meiosis leads to for...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "fungi", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "eukaryotes", "s.", "pombe", "yeast" ]	2007	A Discrete Class of Intergenic DNA Dictates Meiotic DNA Break Hotspots in Fission Yeast
Dengue virus ( DENV ) is a mosquito-borne pathogen for which no vaccine or specific therapeutic is available . Although it is well established that dendritic cells and macrophages are primary sites of DENV replication , it remains unclear whether non-hematopoietic cellular compartments serve as virus reservoirs . Here ...	Dengue virus ( DENV ) is becoming a global threat as anthropogenic factors are increasing the prevalence of vector species capable of transmitting the pathogen . There are currently no vaccines or therapeutics against DENV , and the study of virus pathogenesis and dissemination has been largely limited to artificial mo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "animal", "models", "of", "infection", "host", "cells", "viral", "transmission", "and", "infection", "vector", "biology", "virology", "biology", "microbiology", "host-pathogen", "interaction", "viral", "load", "viral", "vectors" ]	2012	Replication in Cells of Hematopoietic Origin Is Necessary for Dengue Virus Dissemination
As human population density and antibiotic exposure increase , specialised bacterial subtypes have begun to emerge . Arising among species that are common commensals and infrequent pathogens , antibiotic-resistant ‘high-risk clones’ have evolved to better survive in the modern human . Here , we show that the major matr...	Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative enteric bacterium and a significant cause of human disease . It is a frequent agent of pneumonia , and systemic infections can have high mortality rates ( 60% ) . OmpK35 and OmpK36 are the major co-regulated outer membrane porins of K . pneumoniae . OmpK36 absence has been relat...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "antimicrobials", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "drugs", "microbiology", "animal", "models", "antibiotic", "resistance", "model", "organisms", "antibiotics", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "phar...	2019	Host adaptation and convergent evolution increases antibiotic resistance without loss of virulence in a major human pathogen
Local translation at the synapse plays key roles in neuron development and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity . mRNAs are translocated from the neuronal soma to the distant synapses as compacted ribonucleoparticles referred to as RNA granules . These contain many RNA-binding proteins , including the Fragile X Menta...	Fragile X syndrome is the most common form of inherited mental retardation affecting approximately 1 female out of 7000 and 1 male out of 4000 worldwide . The syndrome is due to the silencing of a single gene , the Fragile Mental Retardation 1 ( FMR1 ) , that codes for the Fragile X mental retardation protein ( FMRP ) ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "rna-binding", "proteins", "dendritic", "structure", "messenger", "rna", "neuroscience", "polyribosomes", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "neuronal", "dendrites", "cytoskeleton", "animal", "cells", "proteins", "gene", "expression", "ribosomes", "biochemistry"...	2016	Tracking the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein in a Highly Ordered Neuronal RiboNucleoParticles Population: A Link between Stalled Polyribosomes and RNA Granules
Infections are a common cause of infant mortality worldwide , especially due to Streptococcus pneumoniae . Colonization is the prerequisite to invasive pneumococcal disease , and is particularly frequent and prolonged in children , though the mechanisms underlying this susceptibility are unknown . We find that infant m...	Infants are particularly susceptible to infections , though why is not well understood . One important cause of infant mortality worldwide is infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae , the pneumococcus . All pneumococcal disease begins with asymptomatic colonization of the upper respiratory tract . Infants are also more...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Clearance of Pneumococcal Colonization in Infants Is Delayed through Altered Macrophage Trafficking
Automated docking of drug-like molecules into receptors is an essential tool in structure-based drug design . While modeling receptor flexibility is important for correctly predicting ligand binding , it still remains challenging . This work focuses on an approach in which receptor flexibility is modeled by explicitly ...	Docking programs are widely used to identify drug-like molecules interacting with a given receptor to inhibit its function . Although receptors are known to change conformation upon ligand binding , most docking programs model small molecules as flexible while modeling receptors as rigid , thus limiting the range of th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	AutoDockFR: Advances in Protein-Ligand Docking with Explicitly Specified Binding Site Flexibility
Evolutionary conservation of protein interaction properties has been shown to be a valuable indication for functional importance . Here we use homology interface modeling of 10 Ras-effector complexes by selecting ortholog proteins from 12 organisms representing the major eukaryotic branches , except plants . We find th...	Cellular signal transductions processes are based on protein interactions . Proteins can either associate transiently with each other or form stable complexes , and the strength of the interaction is described by the affinity ( the affinity is the ratio between the rate of dissociation and association ) . Protein compl...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "biophysics", "computational", "biology" ]	2008	Association Rate Constants of Ras-Effector Interactions Are Evolutionarily Conserved
Despite being entirely preventable , canine rabies still kills 55 , 000 people/year in developing countries . Information about local beliefs and practices can identify knowledge gaps that may affect prevention practices and lead to unnecessary deaths . We investigated knowledge , attitudes and practices related to rab...	Rabies remains a major public health problem in Africa and Asia , although means to control and prevent the disease are available through mass dog vaccination and provision of post-exposure prophylaxis to people exposed to bites by suspect rabid animals . Here we report the results of an extensive community survey on k...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "and", "occupational", "health", "infectious", "diseases", "rabies", "veterinary", "diseases", "zoonoses", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "disease", "ecology", "behavioral", "and", "social", "aspects", "of", "health", "epidemiology", "global", "hea...	2014	Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) about Rabies Prevention and Control: A Community Survey in Tanzania
Previous studies suggest that humans can acquire immunity to reinfection with schistosomes , most probably due to immunologic mechanisms acquired after exposure to dying schistosome worms . We followed longitudinally two cohorts of adult males occupationally exposed to Schistosoma mansoni by washing cars ( 120 men ) or...	Schistosomiasis is a parasitic blood fluke infection of 200 million people worldwide . We have shown that humans can acquire immunity to reinfection after repeated exposures and cures with the drug praziquantel . The increase in resistance to reinfection was associated with an increase in schistosome-specific IgE . The...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/helminth", "infections", "immunology/immunity", "to", "infections" ]	2010	Influence of Exposure History on the Immunology and Development of Resistance to Human Schistosomiasis Mansoni
We show , for the first time , that in cortical areas , for example the insular , orbitofrontal , and lateral prefrontal cortex , there is signal-dependent noise in the fMRI blood-oxygen level dependent ( BOLD ) time series , with the variance of the noise increasing approximately linearly with the square of the signal...	We show that in cortical areas such as the insular , orbitofrontal , and lateral prefrontal cortex , the variation of the blood-oxygen level dependent ( BOLD ) time series across trials measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) increases with the magnitude of the signal . We describe a new method of ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	Attention-Dependent Modulation of Cortical Taste Circuits Revealed by Granger Causality with Signal-Dependent Noise
The salamander has the remarkable ability to regenerate its limb after amputation . Cells at the site of amputation form a blastema and then proliferate and differentiate to regrow the limb . To better understand this process , we performed deep RNA sequencing of the blastema over a time course in the axolotl , a speci...	Salamanders such as the axolotl can fully regenerate a limb upon amputation , making them the vertebrate champions of regeneration . On the other hand , humans and other mammals possess a very limited ability to regenerate limb structures . Learning about the genes , gene networks , and pathways activated in the salama...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biology" ]	2013	Comparative RNA-seq Analysis in the Unsequenced Axolotl: The Oncogene Burst Highlights Early Gene Expression in the Blastema
Hantaviruses are among the most important zoonotic pathogens of humans and the subject of heightened global attention . Despite the importance of hantaviruses for public health , there is no consensus on their evolutionary history and especially the frequency of virus-host co-divergence versus cross-species virus trans...	Hantaviruses are important human pathogens , occasionally emerging from animal reservoirs . However , both the biodiversity of hantaviruses in nature , as well as the frequency with which they have jumped species barriers in the past , are unclear . Here , we describe four novel hantaviruses ( Huangpi virus , Lianghe v...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "zoonoses", "hantavirus", "rna", "viruses", "virology", "viral", "classification", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology", "microbiology", "evolutionary", "genetics" ]	2013	Phylogeny and Origins of Hantaviruses Harbored by Bats, Insectivores, and Rodents
Regulatory T cells represent a specialized subpopulation of T lymphocytes that may modulate spontaneous HIV-1 disease progression by suppressing immune activation or inhibiting antiviral T cell immune responses . While the effects of classical CD25hi FoxP3+ Treg during HIV-1 infection have been analyzed in a series of ...	HIV-1 causes disease by inducing a chronic inflammatory state that leads to progressive CD4 T cell losses and clinical signs of immune deficiency . Regulatory T cells ( Treg ) represent a subgroup of T lymphocytes with immunosuppressive activities that can reduce HIV-1 associated immune activation , but may also worsen...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "hiv", "retrovirology", "and", "hiv", "immunopathogenesis", "viral", "diseases" ]	2013	Functional Characterization of HLA-G+ Regulatory T Cells in HIV-1 Infection
Post-translational modification by the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier ( SUMO ) regulates a variety of cellular functions , and is hijacked by viruses to remodel the host cell during latent and productive infection . Here we have monitored the activity of the SUMO conjugation machinery in cells productively infected with...	We have investigated the activity of the SUMOylation machinery in cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) , a human herpesvirus that infects B-lymphocytes and is associated with malignancies . We found that activation of the productive virus cycle is accompanied by accumulation of SUMO conjugates , upregulation ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "luciferase", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "gene", "regulation", "pathogens", "enzymes", "immunology", "microbiology", "enzymology", "plasmid", "construction", "viruses", "micrornas", "sumoy...	2017	The Epstein-Barr virus miR-BHRF1-1 targets RNF4 during productive infection to promote the accumulation of SUMO conjugates and the release of infectious virus
Chagas cardiomyopathy is a serious and common complication of Chagas disease . Through bibliometric and Social Network Analysis , we examined patterns of research on Chagas cardiomyopathy , identifying the main countries , authors , research clusters , and topics addressed; and measuring the contribution of different c...	Scientific production on Chagas cardiomyopathy has grown considerably since the turn of the 21st century , probably reflecting the increased incidence of Chagas disease in non-endemic areas like the USA and Europe . Brazil and the USA dominate the research , but we found a very small proportion of clinical trials on Ch...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "people", "and", "places", "cardiomyopathies", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "chagas", "disease", "south", "america", "research", "assessment", "bibliometrics", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "citation", "analysis", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical",...	2018	Scientometrics analysis of research activity and collaboration patterns in Chagas cardiomyopathy
Reliance on just one drug to treat the prevalent tropical disease , schistosomiasis , spurs the search for new drugs and drug targets . Inhibitors of human cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases ( huPDEs ) , including PDE4 , are under development as novel drugs to treat a range of chronic indications including asthma , c...	Just one drug , praziquantel ( PZQ ) , is available to treat schistosomiasis , a flatworm disease that infects over 240 million people , mainly in Africa . With the expanding distribution of PZQ , and the associated threat of drug resistance , new drugs and drug targets are needed . We screened Schistosoma mansoni worm...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "schistosoma", "invertebrates", "schistosoma", "mansoni", "helminths", "caenorhabditis", "enzymology", "animals", "animal", "models", "caenorhabditis", "elegans", "model", "organisms", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "sequence", "motif", "analysis", "enzyme", "inhibi...	2017	Phenotypic, chemical and functional characterization of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) as a potential anthelmintic drug target
Accumulated evidence indicates that rare variants exert a vital role on predisposition and progression of human diseases , which provides neoteric insights into disease etiology . In the current study , based on three independently retrospective studies of 5 , 016 lung cancer patients and 5 , 181 controls , we analyzed...	Rare variants have been identified to be associated with a variety of human malignancies , which account for a considerable fraction of heredity for complex diseases . To date , however , the precise molecular mechanism of rare variants involved in tumors initiation and progression largely remains unclear . We tested t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "death", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "diagnostic", "radiology", "variant", "genotypes", "cell", "processes", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "basic", "cancer", "research", "genetic", "mapping", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "oncology", "histo...	2016	The MKK7 p.Glu116Lys Rare Variant Serves as a Predictor for Lung Cancer Risk and Prognosis in Chinese
In many brain areas , sensory responses are heavily modulated by factors including attentional state , context , reward history , motor preparation , learned associations , and other cognitive variables . Modelling the effect of these modulatory factors on sensory responses has proven challenging , mostly due to the ti...	The sensory responses of neurons in many brain areas , particularly those in higher prefrontal or parietal areas , are strongly influenced by factors including task rules , attentional state , context , reward history , motor preparation , learned associations , and other cognitive variables . These modulations often o...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "action", "potentials", "statistics", "membrane", "potential", "social", "sciences", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "kernel", "functions", "cognitive", "psychology", "mathematics", "generalized", "linear", "model", "vision", ...	2019	Characterizing and dissociating multiple time-varying modulatory computations influencing neuronal activity
Type IV pili are long , protein filaments built from a repeating subunit that protrudes from the surface of a wide variety of infectious bacteria . They are implicated in a vast array of functions , ranging from bacterial motility to microcolony formation to infection . One of the most well-studied type IV filaments is...	There are a large number of infectious bacteria that can be harmful to humans . Some bacterial infections are facilitated by long , tether-like filaments called type IV pili which extend from the surface of bacterial cells and attach to the surface of host cells . Type IV pilus filaments can grow to be many micrometers...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusion" ]	[ "biochemistry", "computational", "chemistry", "molecular", "dynamics", "biochemistry", "simulations", "chemistry", "biology", "microbiology", "biophysics", "simulations", "biophysics", "bacterial", "pathogens" ]	2013	Steered Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Type IV Pilus Probe Initial Stages of a Force-Induced Conformational Transition
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused substantial morbidity and mortality during the 2002–2003 epidemic . Many of the features of the human disease are duplicated in BALB/c mice infected with a mouse-adapted version of the virus ( MA15 ) , which develop respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality . Here , ...	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ( SARS ) occurred in human populations in 2002–2003 and was caused by a novel coronavirus ( CoV ) . Human SARS was characterized by prolonged virus excretion , lymphopenia and delayed adaptive immune responses in patients with severe disease . Recently , small animal models have been d...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "immunology/cellular", "microbiology", "and", "pathogenesis", "virology/animal", "models", "of", "infection", "virology/emerging", "viral", "diseases", "virology/immune", "evasion", "immunology/immunity", "to", "infections", "virology/host", "antiviral", "responses" ]	2009	Evasion by Stealth: Inefficient Immune Activation Underlies Poor T Cell Response and Severe Disease in SARS-CoV-Infected Mice
Many new gene copies emerged by gene duplication in hominoids , but little is known with respect to their functional evolution . Glutamate dehydrogenase ( GLUD ) is an enzyme central to the glutamate and energy metabolism of the cell . In addition to the single , GLUD-encoding gene present in all mammals ( GLUD1 ) , hu...	Little is known about the functional evolution of new hominoid genes . In this study , we utilized a combination of evolutionary analyses and cell biology experiments to unveil a novel mode by which the human- and ape-specific glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme ( GLUD2 ) functionally adapted . We find that whereas the GLUD...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology/human", "evolution", "genetics", "and", "genomics/functional", "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology/evolutionary", "and", "comparative", "genetics" ]	2008	Mitochondrial Targeting Adaptation of the Hominoid-Specific Glutamate Dehydrogenase Driven by Positive Darwinian Selection
Continuous attractor models of working-memory store continuous-valued information in continuous state-spaces , but are sensitive to noise processes that degrade memory retention . Short-term synaptic plasticity of recurrent synapses has previously been shown to affect continuous attractor systems: short-term facilitati...	The ability to transiently memorize positions in the visual field is crucial for behavior . Models and experiments have shown that such memories can be maintained in networks of cortical neurons with a continuum of possible activity states , that reflects the continuum of positions in the environment . However , the ac...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "action", "potentials", "neural", "networks", "membrane", "potential", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "learning", "and", "memory", "cognitive", "neuroscience", "synaptic", "plasticity", "cognition", "network", "analysis", "me...	2019	Stability of working memory in continuous attractor networks under the control of short-term plasticity
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome ( AES ) is a major seasonal public health problem in Bihar , India . Despite efforts of the Bihar health department and the Government of India , burden and mortality of AES cases have not decreased , and definitive etiologies for the illness have yet to be identified . The present study was...	Acute encephalitis syndrome ( AES ) is a dreaded disease in India including the state of Bihar . Every year several people specially children , succumb to this disease and often the survivors are left with permanent residual disorders . The present research throws light on specific etiological agents that may cause AES...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "typhus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "togaviruses", "pathogens", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "india", "alphaviruses", "viruses", "bacterial", "diseases", "chikungunya", "virus", "rna", "viruses",...	2018	Emergence of Orientia tsutsugamushi as an important cause of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in India
The early and correct diagnosis of human leishmaniasis is essential for disease treatment . Another important step in the control of visceral leishmaniasis is the identification of infected dogs , which are the main domestic reservoir of L . infantum . Recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides based on Leishmania gen...	Leishmaniasis is one of the major diseases of importance in public health and its precise diagnosis may represent one of the most relevant challenges for the control and possible eradication of the disease . In this context , recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides based on Leishmania genes have emerged as valuable...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "parasitic", "diseases", "tropical", "diseases", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "protozoan", "infections" ]	2015	Improving Serodiagnosis of Human and Canine Leishmaniasis with Recombinant Leishmania braziliensis Cathepsin L-like Protein and a Synthetic Peptide Containing Its Linear B-cell Epitope
A total of 178 strains of V . parahaemolyticus isolated from 13 , 607 acute diarrheal patients admitted in the Infectious Diseases Hospital , Kolkata has been examined for serovar prevalence , antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic traits with reference to virulence , and clonal lineages . Clinical symptoms and stool...	Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been associated with several epidemics of foodborne diarrheal infection . Recent observations in several counties have shown the emergence of pandemic strains of V . parahaemolyticus with unique genetic features and their role in diarrheal outbreaks . Unlike other enteric pathogens , the app...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "epidemiology" ]	2014	Trends in the Epidemiology of Pandemic and Non-pandemic Strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Diarrheal Patients in Kolkata, India
Identification of candidate causal variants in regions associated with risk of common diseases is complicated by linkage disequilibrium ( LD ) and multiple association signals . Nonetheless , accurate maps of these variants are needed , both to fully exploit detailed cell specific chromatin annotation data to highlight...	Genetic association studies have identified many DNA sequence variants that associate with disease risk . By exploiting the known correlation that exists between neighbouring variants in the genome , inference can be extended beyond those individual variants tested to identify sets within which a causal variant is like...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Dissection of a Complex Disease Susceptibility Region Using a Bayesian Stochastic Search Approach to Fine Mapping
Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) is useful to assist with identification of the source of a biological sample , or to confirm matrilineal relatedness . Although the autosomal genome is much larger , mtDNA has an advantage for forensic applications of multiple copy number per cell , allowing better recovery of sequence infor...	The maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) represents only a small fraction of the human genome , but mtDNA profiles are important in forensic science , for example when a biological evidence sample is degraded or when maternal relatedness is questioned . For forensic mtDNA analysis , it is important to know ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "crime", "clinical", "laboratory", "sciences", "mitochondrial", "dna", "sociology", "population", "genetics", "social", "sciences", "genetic", "mapping", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "mutation", "mathematics", "forms", "of", ...	2018	How many individuals share a mitochondrial genome?
G protein-coupled receptors ( GPCRs ) constitute the largest family of proteins that transmit signal to regulate an array of fundamental biological processes . Viruses deploy diverse tactics to hijack and harness intracellular signaling events induced by GPCR . Herpesviruses encode multiple GPCR homologues that are imp...	G protein-coupled receptors ( GPCRs ) constitute the largest family of proteins that transmit signal across plasma membrane . Herpesviral GPCRs ( vGPCRs ) activate diverse signaling cascades and are implicated in viral pathogenesis ( e . g . , tumor development ) . In contrast to cellular GPCRs that are chiefly regulat...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Herpesviral G Protein-Coupled Receptors Activate NFAT to Induce Tumor Formation via Inhibiting the SERCA Calcium ATPase
Many proteins consist of folded domains connected by regions with higher flexibility . The details of the resulting conformational ensemble play a central role in controlling interactions between domains and with binding partners . Small-Angle Scattering ( SAS ) is well-suited to study the conformational states adopted...	Proteins are commonly built up by folded domains connected by regions with higher flexibility . The interdomain orientations encoded by such hinges or linkers can play central roles in controlling the function of multidomain proteins , which makes them important to characterize . Small Angle X-ray Scattering ( SAXS ) i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "crystal", "structure", "statistics", "condensed", "matter", "physics", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "probability", "distribution", "mathematics", "molecular", "motors", "protein", "structure", "crystallography", "motor", "proteins", "research", "and", "analysis", "me...	2018	Bayesian inference of protein conformational ensembles from limited structural data
Paternal repression of the imprinted H19 gene is mediated by a differentially methylated domain ( DMD ) that is essential to imprinting of both H19 and the linked and oppositely imprinted Igf2 gene . The mechanisms by which paternal-specific methylation of the DMD survive the period of genome-wide demethylation in the ...	Genomic imprinting is a specialized system of gene regulation whereby only one copy of a gene is used , either the maternal or the paternal copy . Misregulation of imprinting in humans results in developmental disorders such as Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome , and is implicated in many cancers . Study of imprinted genes i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]	[ "mus", "(mouse)", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2007	Maintenance of Paternal Methylation and Repression of the Imprinted H19 Gene Requires MBD3
CaMdr1p is a multidrug MFS transporter of pathogenic Candida albicans . An over-expression of the gene encoding this protein is linked to clinically encountered azole resistance . In-depth knowledge of the structure and function of CaMdr1p is necessary for an effective design of modulators or inhibitors of this efflux ...	Membrane proteins belonging to the Major Facilitator Superfamily ( MFS ) transport molecules , including drugs , across the membrane and are known to be associated with drug resistance . CaMdr1p is one such MFS major multidrug efflux pump whose over-expression is linked to frequently encountered azole resistance in hos...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/antimicrobials", "and", "drug", "resistance", "computational", "biology/protein", "structure", "prediction", "computational", "biology/sequence", "motif", "analysis", "infectious", "diseases/fungal", "infections" ]	2009	Rational Mutational Analysis of a Multidrug MFS Transporter CaMdr1p of Candida albicans by Employing a Membrane Environment Based Computational Approach
Tick-borne rickettsiae are considered to be emerging , but data about their presence in western Europe are scarce . Ixodes ricinus ticks , the most abundant and widespread tick species in western Europe , were collected and tested for the presence of several tick-borne pathogens in western France , a region never previ...	Due to socio-economical and meteorological changes , the geographical distribution of several tick species is changing . As ticks are the most important vectors of pathogens in northern latitudes , performing epidemiological studies is essential to assess the extent of tick activity as well as the risk of pathogens tra...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ixodes", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "animals", "rickettsia", "developmental", "biology", "nymphs", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", ...	2017	First identification of Rickettsia helvetica in questing ticks from a French Northern Brittany Forest
The meiosis-specific chromosomal events of homolog pairing , synapsis , and recombination occur over an extended meiotic prophase I that is many times longer than prophase of mitosis . Here we show that , in mice , maintenance of an extended meiotic prophase I requires the gene Meioc , a germ-cell specific factor conse...	Meiosis is the specialized cell division that halves the genetic content of germ cells to produce haploid gametes . This reductive division is preceded by a preparative phase of the cell cycle , meiotic prophase I , during which several meiosis-specific chromosomal events occur . Across sexually reproducing organisms ,...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "meiosis", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "reproductive", "system", "metaphase", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "meiotic", "prophase", "germ", "cells", "immunoprecipitation", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "animal...	2017	Meioc maintains an extended meiotic prophase I in mice
The Bolivian northern Altiplano is characterized by a high prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection . In order to assess the feasibility , safety and efficacy of large-scale administration of triclabendazole as an appropriate public health measure to control morbidity associated with fascioliasis , a pilot interventio...	Fascioliasis is highly prevalent in the northern Altiplano of Bolivia . We wanted to ascertain whether a preventive chemotherapy approach , involving the large-scale distribution of triclabendazole within endemic communities , would be feasible for controlling morbidity associated with this disease . Consequently , we ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "preventive", "medicine", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "non-clinical", "medicine", "treatment", "guidelines", "drug", "policy", "public", "health", "health", "care", "policy" ]	2012	Administration of Triclabendazole Is Safe and Effective in Controlling Fascioliasis in an Endemic Community of the Bolivian Altiplano
Vaccination with attenuated live varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) can prevent zoster reactivation , but protection is incomplete especially in an older population . To decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying variable vaccine responses , T- and B-cell responses to VZV vaccination were examined in individuals of diffe...	Vaccination is one of the most successful medical interventions , but it loses its effectiveness in an older population that is of particular risk for infectious diseases . Shingles , caused by the reactivation of the chickenpox virus , is a prime example . Nearly every second individual has experienced shingles by the...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "t", "helper", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "immune", "physiology", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "immunology", "vaccines", "preventive", "medicine", "vaccination", "and", "immunization", "antibodies", "immuno...	2016	Defective T Memory Cell Differentiation after Varicella Zoster Vaccination in Older Individuals
Host and parasite gene expression in skin biopsies from Leishmania braziliensis-infected patients were simultaneously analyzed using high throughput RNA-sequencing . Biopsies were taken from 8 patients with early cutaneous leishmaniasis and 17 patients with late cutaneous leishmaniasis . Although parasite DNA was found...	Leishmania spp are intracellular protozoan parasites that replicate primarily within host tissue macrophages . In this paper we simultaneously query host and parasite gene expression in human cutaneous L . braziliensis lesions . We observe an unexpectedly prominent role for B cells and immunoglobulins in lesions in whi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "multivariate", "analysis", "mathematics", "signs", "and", "symptoms", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "genome", "analysis"...	2016	Meta-transcriptome Profiling of the Human-Leishmania braziliensis Cutaneous Lesion
Motile bacteria and archaea respond to chemical and physical stimuli seeking optimal conditions for survival . To this end transmembrane chemo- and photoreceptors organized in large arrays initiate signaling cascades and ultimately regulate the rotation of flagellar motors . To unravel the molecular mechanism of signal...	Achaea and bacteria can “see” and “sniffle” , they have photo- and chemosensors that measure the environment . On the cell poles , these sensor proteins form large arrays built of several thousands of different receptors . The receptors comprise extracellular or transmembrane sensory domains and elongated homodimeric c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Signaling and Adaptation Modulate the Dynamics of the Photosensoric Complex of Natronomonas pharaonis
Diffusion barriers are effective means for constraining protein lateral exchange in cellular membranes . In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , they have been shown to sustain parental identity through asymmetric segregation of ageing factors during closed mitosis . Even though barriers have been extensively studied in the plas...	Spatial segregation of molecular contents is often necessary for an accurate , timely accomplishment of cellular functions , such as signal transduction and cell-fate decisions . For instance , budding yeast division requires the asymmetric segregation of proteins to distinguish a newborn cell from its parent . However...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "physics", "mitosis", "biochemistry", "biochemical", "simulations", "computer", "and", "information", "sciences", "computer", "modeling", "cell", "biology", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "cell", "processes", "physica...	2014	The Long and Viscous Road: Uncovering Nuclear Diffusion Barriers in Closed Mitosis
Bolivia is one of the most endemic countries for Chagas disease . Data of 2005 shows that incidence is around 1 . 09‰ inhabitants and seroprevalence in children under 15 ranged from 10% in urban areas to 40% in rural areas . In this article , we report results obtained during the implementation of the congenital Chagas...	Congenital Chagas disease is the infection resulting of the transmission of T . cruzi parasites from an infected pregnant woman to her fetus during the pregnancy or at the time of delivery . This represents a relevant public health issue in endemic and non-endemic countries . The infected newborn detected at birth or b...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "health", "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "pediatrics" ]	2013	Achievements and Challenges upon the Implementation of a Program for National Control of Congenital Chagas in Bolivia: Results 2004–2009
During the 2014 Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) outbreak , policy-makers were confronted with difficult decisions on how best to test the efficacy of EVD vaccines . On one hand , many were reluctant to withhold a vaccine that might prevent a fatal disease from study participants randomized to a control arm . On the other ,...	When a vaccine is developed , it undergoes a series of tests to assess its safety and effectiveness . The last of these is called a Phase III clinical trial , in which the vaccine is tested on a subset of the population before it is approved for general use . A randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) in which individuals a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "death", "rates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "demography", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "ebola", "hemorrhagic", "fever", "vaccines", "preventive", "medicine", "clinical", "medicine", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", ...	2016	Novel Ordered Stepped-Wedge Cluster Trial Designs for Detecting Ebola Vaccine Efficacy Using a Spatially Structured Mathematical Model
Mosquito-borne pathogens pose major public health challenges worldwide . With vaccines or effective drugs still unavailable for most such pathogens , disease prevention heavily relies on vector control . To date , however , mosquito control has proven difficult , with low breeding-site coverage during control campaigns...	Mosquito-transmitted diseases are among the most challenging infectious threats worldwide . Mosquito control is crucial for preventing infection and disease , particularly when effective vaccines or drugs are unavailable . A major drawback of current mosquito control strategies is that mosquito breeding sites are often...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Mosquito-Disseminated Pyriproxyfen Yields High Breeding-Site Coverage and Boosts Juvenile Mosquito Mortality at the Neighborhood Scale
Chromosome pairing in meiotic prophase is a prerequisite for the high fidelity of chromosome segregation that haploidizes the genome prior to gamete formation . In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , as in most multicellular eukaryotes , homologous pairing at the cytological level reflects the contemporaneous ...	Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes , as of a sperm and an egg , to produce the next generation . Each gamete must carry half the number of chromosomes of each parent so that the correct number is restored at fertilization . In order to orient chromosomes properly so that the two chromosomes of each pair...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "meiosis", "telomeres", "model", "organisms", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "cell", "biology", "chromosome", "biology", "chromosome", "structure", "and", "function", "yeast", "and", "fungal", "models", "biology", "saccharomyces", "cerevisiae", "microbiology" ]	2012	Meiotic Chromosome Pairing Is Promoted by Telomere-Led Chromosome Movements Independent of Bouquet Formation
Despite recent improvements in molecular techniques , biological knowledge remains incomplete . Any theorizing about living systems is therefore necessarily based on the use of heterogeneous and partial information . Much current research has focused successfully on the qualitative behaviors of macromolecular networks ...	Understanding the response of a biological system to a stress is of great interest in biology . This issue is usually tackled by integrating information arising from different experiments into mathematical models . In particular , continuous models take quantitative information into account after a parameter estimation...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Method", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "biochemical", "simulations", "mathematics", "central", "limit", "theorem", "regulatory", "networks", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "biology", "computational", "biology", "markov", "model", "probability", "theory" ]	2011	Integrating Quantitative Knowledge into a Qualitative Gene Regulatory Network
Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that drive the rhythmic expression of a broad array of genes , orchestrating metabolism and physiology . Recent evidence indicates that post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms play essential roles in modulating temporal gene expression for proper circadian func...	The circadian clock is an evolutionary system that allows organisms to anticipate and thus adapt to daily changes in the environment . In mammals , the circadian clock is found in virtually every tissue regulating rhythms of metabolism and physiology . While a lot of studies have focused in how circadian clocks regulat...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "proteomics", "systems", "biology", "biology" ]	2014	In-Vivo Quantitative Proteomics Reveals a Key Contribution of Post-Transcriptional Mechanisms to the Circadian Regulation of Liver Metabolism
Drosophila bithorax complex ( BX-C ) is one of the best model systems for studying the role of boundaries ( insulators ) in gene regulation . Expression of three homeotic genes , Ubx , abd-A , and Abd-B , is orchestrated by nine parasegment-specific regulatory domains . These domains are flanked by boundary elements , ...	Drosophila bithorax complex ( BX-C ) is one of a few examples demonstrating in vivo role of boundary/insulator elements in organization of independent chromatin domains . BX-C contains three HOX genes , whose parasegment-specific pattern is controlled by cis-regulatory domains flanked by boundary/insulator elements . S...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "plant", "anatomy", "trichomes", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "abdomen", "gene", "regulation", "developmental", "biology", "insulators", "plant", "science", "materials", "science", "dna", "epigenetics", "embryos", "chromatin", "homologous", "recombination", ...	2018	Boundaries mediate long-distance interactions between enhancers and promoters in the Drosophila Bithorax complex
Pea-comb is a dominant mutation in chickens that drastically reduces the size of the comb and wattles . It is an adaptive trait in cold climates as it reduces heat loss and makes the chicken less susceptible to frost lesions . Here we report that Pea-comb is caused by a massive amplification of a duplicated sequence lo...	The featherless comb and wattles are defining features of the chicken . Whilst the Pea-comb allele was known to show a dominant inheritance and drastically reduce the size of both comb and wattles , the genetics underlying the mutation remained elusive . Chicken comb is primarily composed of collagen and hyaluronan , w...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/animal", "genetics", "developmental", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics/comparative", "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology/evolutionary", "and", "comparative", "genetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "function" ]	2009	Copy Number Variation in Intron 1 of SOX5 Causes the Pea-comb Phenotype in Chickens
Cell differentiation is typically directed by external signals that drive opposing regulatory pathways . Studying differentiation under polarizing conditions , with only one input signal provided , is limited in its ability to resolve the logic of interactions between opposing pathways . Dissection of this logic can be...	During cell differentiation , progenitor cells respond to external signals that drive the expression of genes that are characteristic of the differentiated cell states . This process is controlled by gene regulatory networks that typically involve positive autoregulation and cross-inhibition between master regulators o...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "developmental", "biology", "cell", "fate", "determination", "immune", "cells", "t", "cells", "regulatory", "networks", "immunology", "biology", "computational", "biology", "cell", "differentiation" ]	2013	Mapping Differentiation under Mixed Culture Conditions Reveals a Tunable Continuum of T Cell Fates
HIV-1 enters target cells by virtue of envelope glycoprotein trimers that are incorporated at low density in the viral membrane . How many trimers are required to interact with target cell receptors to mediate virus entry , the HIV entry stoichiometry , still awaits clarification . Here , we provide estimates of the HI...	Our estimates of the HIV-1 entry stoichiometry , that is the number of envelope glycoprotein trimers needed to mediate fusion of viral and target cell membrane , close an important gap in our understanding of the HIV entry process . As we show , stoichiometric requirements for envelope trimers differ between HIV strain...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "microbiology", "viral", "structure", "retroviruses", "immunodeficiency", "viruses", "preventive", "medicine", "antibodies", "vaccination", "and", "...	2015	Different Infectivity of HIV-1 Strains Is Linked to Number of Envelope Trimers Required for Entry
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis ( CME ) proceeds through a series of morphological changes of the plasma membrane induced by a number of protein components . Although the spatiotemporal assembly of these proteins has been elucidated by fluorescence-based techniques , the protein-induced morphological changes of the plasm...	Cells communicate with their environments via the plasma membrane and various membrane proteins . Clathrin-mediated endocytosis ( CME ) plays a central role in such communication and proceeds with a series of multiprotein assembly , deformation of the plasma membrane , and production of a membrane vesicle that delivers...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "fluorescence", "imaging", "vesicles", "cell", "processes", "green", "fluorescent", "protein", "membrane", "proteins", "luminescent", "proteins", "microscopy", "cellular", "structures", "and", "organelles", "scanning", "probe", "microscopy", "research", "and", "analysis",...	2018	Morphological changes of plasma membrane and protein assembly during clathrin-mediated endocytosis
The proopiomelanocortin gene ( POMC ) is expressed in the pituitary gland and the ventral hypothalamus of all jawed vertebrates , producing several bioactive peptides that function as peripheral hormones or central neuropeptides , respectively . We have recently determined that mouse and human POMC expression in the hy...	One of the most striking observations derived from the genomic era is the overwhelming contribution of transposed elements to mammalian genomes . For example , 45% of the human genome is derived from mobile element fragments . Although historically viewed as “junk DNA , ” transposed elements could also contribute to no...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "mus", "(mouse)" ]	2007	Ancient Exaptation of a CORE-SINE Retroposon into a Highly Conserved Mammalian Neuronal Enhancer of the Proopiomelanocortin Gene
We studied the effects of non-Markovian power-law voltage dependent conductances on the generation of action potentials and spiking patterns in a Hodgkin-Huxley model . To implement slow-adapting power-law dynamics of the gating variables of the potassium , n , and sodium , m and h , conductances we used fractional der...	There is increasing evidence that the activity of individual membrane ion channels , conductances , and the firing rate of neurons are history dependent . In this work we studied how history dependent activation of membrane conductances affect the action potential activity of the Hodgkin-Huxley model , a widely used mo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "ion", "channel", "gating", "action", "potentials", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "depolarization", "membrane", "potential", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "learning", "and", "memory", "ion", "channels", "mathematics", "cognition", "memory", "waves", "a...	2016	Power-Law Dynamics of Membrane Conductances Increase Spiking Diversity in a Hodgkin-Huxley Model
The obesity epidemic is responsible for a substantial economic burden in developed countries and is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease . The disease is the result not only of several environmental risk factors , but also of genetic predisposition . To take advantage of recent advances in...	Although twin and family studies have clearly shown that genes play a role in obesity , it has proven quite difficult to identify the specific genetic variants involved . Here , we take advantage of recent technical and methodological advances to examine the role of common genetic variants on several obesity-related tr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "homo", "(human)", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "diabetes", "and", "endocrinology" ]	2007	Genome-Wide Association Scan Shows Genetic Variants in the FTO Gene Are Associated with Obesity-Related Traits
It is not currently possible to measure the real-world thought process that a child has while observing an actual school lesson . However , if it could be done , children's neural processes would presumably be predictive of what they know . Such neural measures would shed new light on children's real-world thought . To...	In the real world , children learn new information by participating in classrooms , interacting with their family and friends , and watching educational videos . While previous neuroimaging research has typically used simple tasks and short-lasting stimuli , in this study we examined brain development using a more comp...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "psychology", "social", "and", "behavioral", "sciences", "cognitive", "psychology", "neuroscience" ]	2013	Neural Activity during Natural Viewing of Sesame Street Statistically Predicts Test Scores in Early Childhood
Geometry of the heart adapts to mechanical load , imposed by pressures and volumes of the cavities . We regarded preservation of cardiac geometry as a homeostatic control system . The control loop was simulated by a chain of models , starting with geometry of the cardiac walls , sequentially simulating circulation hemo...	The heart is known to adapt size of the cavities and thickness of the walls to the pumping requirements set by blood pressure and blood flow . We think that mechanical load of the cardiac tissue provides feedback signals for adaptation of mass and thickness of the cardiac walls . Many cellular mechanisms are known wher...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Models", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biotechnology", "medicine", "classical", "mechanics", "anatomy", "and", "physiology", "cardiovascular", "control", "engineering", "physical", "laws", "and", "principles", "bioengineering", "theoretical", "biology", "medical", "physics", "biology", "general", "physics", "...	2012	Control of Whole Heart Geometry by Intramyocardial Mechano-Feedback: A Model Study
A robust , bistable switch regulates the fluctuations between wakefulness and natural sleep as well as those between wakefulness and anesthetic-induced unresponsiveness . We previously provided experimental evidence for the existence of a behavioral barrier to transitions between these states of arousal , which we call...	An annual 234 million surgical procedures are performed worldwide , making general anesthetics among the most common drugs administered to humans . Remarkably , however , we still do not understand the mechanisms by which general anesthetics render patients unconscious or the processes that re-establish consciousness u...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Genetic and Anatomical Basis of the Barrier Separating Wakefulness and Anesthetic-Induced Unresponsiveness
Fasciola gigantica ( Digenea ) is an important foodborne trematode that causes liver fluke disease ( fascioliasis ) in mammals , including ungulates and humans , mainly in tropical climatic zones of the world . Despite its socioeconomic impact , almost nothing is known about the molecular biology of this parasite , its...	Fasciola gigantica ( Digenea ) is a socioeconomically important liver fluke of humans and other mammals . It is the predominant cause of fascioliasis in the tropics and has a serious impact on the lives of tens of millions of people and other animals; yet , very little is known about this parasite and its relationship ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "genome", "analysis", "tools", "zoonoses", "fasciolosis", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "biology", "genomics", "parasitic", "diseases", "fascioliasis", "transcriptomes" ]	2011	A Portrait of the Transcriptome of the Neglected Trematode, Fasciola gigantica—Biological and Biotechnological Implications
The contribution of rare coding sequence variants to genetic susceptibility in complex disorders is an important but unresolved question . Most studies thus far have investigated a limited number of genes from regions which contain common disease associated variants . Here we investigate this in inflammatory bowel dise...	Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are two forms of inflammatory bowel disease which cause chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract . Common genetic variants in more than 160 regions of the human genome have been associated with an altered risk of these disorders , but leave much of the estimated genetic ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Pooled Sequencing of 531 Genes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Identifies an Associated Rare Variant in BTNL2 and Implicates Other Immune Related Genes
Enamel-renal syndrome ( ERS ) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe enamel hypoplasia , failed tooth eruption , intrapulpal calcifications , enlarged gingiva , and nephrocalcinosis . Recently , mutations in FAM20A were reported to cause amelogenesis imperfecta and gingival fibromatosis syndrome ( A...	FAM20A belongs to a family of 3 genes ( FAM20A , FAM20B , and FAM20C ) that encode kinases ( phosphorylating enzymes ) that modify proteins within the secretory pathway . FAM20C phosphorylates secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins ( SCPPs ) that are critical for bone , dentin , and enamel biomineralization , and ot...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biology" ]	2013	FAM20A Mutations Can Cause Enamel-Renal Syndrome (ERS)
Rabies is an important neglected disease , which kills around 59 , 000 people a year . Over a third of these deaths are in children less than 15 years of age . Almost all human rabies deaths in Africa and Asia are due to bites from infected dogs . Despite the high efficacy of current rabies vaccines , awareness about r...	Rabies is a fatal disease that claims the lives of approximately 59 , 000 people every year . Children under the age of 15 make up 40% of all human rabies deaths yet this is preventable through a combination of vaccinating dogs against rabies and education . Numerous studies have shown that people in rabies endemic are...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "children", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "education", "pathogens", "sociology", "tropical", "diseases", "immunology", "vertebrates", "social", "sciences", "geographical", "locations", "malawi", "animals", "mammals"...	2018	A rabies lesson improves rabies knowledge amongst primary school children in Zomba, Malawi
In order to inform the rational design of HIV-1 preventive and cure interventions it is critical to understand the events occurring during acute HIV-1 infection ( AHI ) . Using viral deep sequencing on six participants from the early capture acute infection RV217 cohort , we have studied HIV-1 evolution in plasma colle...	The development of safe , effective , and scalable vaccines and cure strategies to control the HIV-1 pandemic is a major public health concern . The rational design of these preventive and treatment measures requires a profound knowledge of the interaction between HIV-1 and its host during the first weeks that follow v...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "organismal", "evolution", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "immune", "cells", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "evolutionary", "biology", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "cloning", "retrov...	2017	Rare HIV-1 transmitted/founder lineages identified by deep viral sequencing contribute to rapid shifts in dominant quasispecies during acute and early infection
Dengue is a rapidly emerging vector-borne Neglected Tropical Disease , with a 30-fold increase in the number of cases reported since 1960 . The economic cost of the illness is measured in the billions of dollars annually . Environmental change and unplanned urbanization are conspiring to raise the health and economic c...	Transmitted by the Aedes mosquito , dengue affects more than 100 countries and is rapidly emerging as the leading vector-borne disease . There has been a 30-fold increase in the number of cases reported since 1960 . The cost of the illness to the health system and to society at large is estimated at several billions of...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "death", "rates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "cost-effectiveness", "analysis", "demography", "economic", "analysis", "immunology", "vector-borne", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "social", "sciences", "health", "care", "vaccines", "preventive", "med...	2017	An economic evaluation of vector control in the age of a dengue vaccine
Multigenic traits are very common in plants and cause diversity . Nutritional quality is such a trait , and one of its factors is the composition and relative expression of storage protein genes . In maize , they represent a medium-size gene family distributed over several chromosomes and unlinked locations . Two inbre...	We present here how the structure and function of a multigene family has shaped the architecture of the maize genome in a haplotype-specific manner , before and after allotetraploidization . The alpha zein gene family , the main component of storage protein genes , provides us with a model of how multicopy gene familie...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Acknowledgments" ]	[ "genomics", "gene", "expression", "genetics", "plant", "genetics", "molecular", "genetics", "biology", "gene", "duplication", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2011	Differential Gene Expression and Epiregulation of Alpha Zein Gene Copies in Maize Haplotypes
Since 1960 , magnetic fields have been discussed as Zeitgebers for circadian clocks , but the mechanism by which clocks perceive and process magnetic information has remained unknown . Recently , the radical-pair model involving light-activated photoreceptors as magnetic field sensors has gained considerable support , ...	Magnetic fields influence endogenous clocks controlling the sleep–wake cycle of animals , but the underyling mechanisms are unclear . Birds that can do magnetic compass orientation also depend on light , and the blue-light photopigment cryptochrome was proposed to act as a navigational magnetosensor . Here we tested th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "neuroscience" ]	2009	Cryptochrome Mediates Light-Dependent Magnetosensitivity of Drosophila's Circadian Clock
Arboviral diseases are an important public health concerns . Vector control remains the sole strategy to fight against these diseases . Because of the important limits of methods currently used to assess human exposure to Aedes mosquito bites , much effort is being devoted to develop new indicators . Recent studies hav...	In absence of effective treatment and vaccine , vector control is the main strategy against arboviral diseases such as dengue , Zika and chikungunya . Given the limitation of entomologic tool currently used , news tools are urgently needed to assess the efficacy of vector control against arboviral diseases . The presen...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "chikungunya", "infection", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "biomarkers", "animals", "age", "groups", "adults", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "infectious", "disease", "control", "insect", "vectors", ...	2016	Human IgG Antibody Response to Aedes Nterm-34kDa Salivary Peptide, an Epidemiological Tool to Assess Vector Control in Chikungunya and Dengue Transmission Area
Rhodopsins ( Rhs ) are light sensors , and Rh1 is the major Rh in the Drosophila photoreceptor rhabdomere membrane . Upon photoactivation , a fraction of Rh1 is internalized and degraded , but it remains unclear how the rhabdomeric Rh1 pool is replenished and what molecular players are involved . Here , we show that Cr...	Animals sense light through receptors called Rhodopsins . These proteins are typically localized to stacked membranes in photoreceptors . In flies , upon light exposure , Rhodopsin undergoes conformational changes and becomes active as metarhodopsin . Metarhodopsin then initiates a signaling cascade that activates the ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "neurobiology", "of", "disease", "and", "regeneration", "animal", "genetics", "genetic", "mutation", "neuroscience", "animal", "models", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "membranes", "and", "sorting", "biology", "mutagenesis", "visual", "system", "cel...	2012	Crag Is a GEF for Rab11 Required for Rhodopsin Trafficking and Maintenance of Adult Photoreceptor Cells

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